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20 Aquarium Technology and Accessories hw ® -reverse-osmosis-units Excellent hw ®-Membrane quality with proven performance How the hw ® -reverse-osmosis-units works: The hw ® -reverse-osmosis is a natural and environmentally friendly process for f physically removing dissolved salts and contaminants t from water. The water pressure (2 to 6 bar) of the in-house pipes forces water against the t semi-permeable membrane. The membrane reliably r keeps back contaminants and pollutants, which w are then drained with the residual water (concentrate). The water resulting from this process c is highly purified (permeate) and free of damaging m contaminants but for a very minor, hardly traceable t trace. The greatest part (95% to 99%) of o the contaminants dissolved in tap water cannot penetrate p the membrane. All hw ® A -reverse-osmosis-units feature a stan- ddard hw flushing valve optimally adjusted for tthe membrane. This ensures that the system iis always operated at an optimal permeate-towastewater astewater ratio after a flushing process has been completed. Any accidental incorrect adjustment is thereby impossible. The key component of hw ® -reverse-osmosis systems: The TFC polyvinyl membrane hw ® -reverse-osmosis systems are equipped with a unique, fully synthetic membrane, the hw ® -TFC-polyvinyl membrane, Far superior to traditional membrane types (acetate, triacetate, or polysulfone membranes), it excels in terms of strength and filtering capability. This membrane consists of a unique, fully synthetic membrane developed exclusively for the hw® and is much more powerful than commonly used membranes such as acetate, triacetate, or polysulfone membranes. For example, the hw ® -TFC-polyvinyl membrane is not affected or destroyed by bacteria even after several weeks of non-use (up to 3 months!). The hw ® -reverse-osmosis systems are compatible with a salt content of up to 2000 mg per liter and are resistant to a carbonate hardness of up to 22˚dKH and chlorine concentrations up to 1 mg per liter untreated water.
Aquarium Technology and Accessories hw ® -membranes are completely impervious to pH values in the range of 3 to 10 and are also suitable to untreated water hardness values up to max. 30˚acc. to German standards (dGH). All hw ® -reverse-osmosis systems are equipped with a highly effective activated carbon (charcoal) filter for reliably preventing the destruction of the membrane in case of extreme chlorine concentrations (e.g. as with the dreaded shot chlorination carried out by many southern European water utilities). With system for use within the Federal Republic of Germany, this activated carbon filter must be connected to the permeate outlet where it simply serves to remove any possibly remaining residuals of aromatic solvents and halogens. When using these systems outside of the Federal Republic of Germany, and if questions about the usual processes of the local water utilities remain, this filter is installed directly behind the micro filter and in front of the membrane where it acts as an additional protection. Permeate Volume Depending on Line Pressure and Water Temperature* Permeate volume in liters per 24 hours Pressure 3 bar 4 bar 5 bar 6 bar at 10˚C 67 l 92 l 103 l 111 l at 15˚C 82 l 112 l 124 l 135 l at 20˚C 91 l 120 l 135 l 145 l aaat 25˚C 98 l 130 l 146 l 155 l Retention capacity of the hw ® -TFC-Polyvinyl-Membrane*: hw ® -reverse-osmosis-units Aluminium Al+2 97-98% Mangan Mn+2 97-98% Arsen As 94-96% Natrium Na+ 94-98% Ammonium NH4+ 85-95% Nickel Ni+2 97-99% Barium Ba+ 96-98% Nitrate NO3 92-97% Bromide Br 93-96% Phosphate PO4-3 98-99% Blei Pb+2 96-98% Quecksilber Hg+2 95-97% Bicarbonate HCO3 90-95% Selen Se-2 94-96% Cadmium Cd+2 95-98% Silber Ag+ 95-97% Calcium Ca+2 95-98% Silicate SiO2-2 94-96% Chloride Cl-1 90-95% Strontium Sr+2 98-99% Chrom Cr+3 96-98% Sulfate SO4 97-98% Chromate CrO4-2 90-97% Sulfite SO3-2 96-98% Cyanide CN-4 90-95% Thiosulfate S2O3-2 97-98% Eisen F+2 97-98% Zink Zn+2 97-99% Fluoride F- 93-95% Pestizide, Herbizide 85-99% Kalium K+ 94-97% Härtebildner 95-98% Kupfer Cu+2 97-98% Bakterien zu mehr als 99% Magnesium Mg+2 95-98% * Average values from a 24-hour test conducted with 8 Super 100 hw®-reverse-osmosis-units 21
Page 1 and 2: Wiegandt Wiegandt Special manufactu
Page 3 and 4: Seawater - Aquaristics hw-Marinemix
Page 5 and 6: Seawater - Aquaristics hw-Magnesium
Page 7 and 8: Seawater - Aquaristics Micro Nutrie
Page 9 and 10: Seawater - Aquaristics Trace Elemen
Page 11 and 12: Seawater - Aquaristics Increases pH
Page 13 and 14: Seawater - Aquaristics Filter Mediu
Page 15 and 16: Yo Y ur n notes: t Seawater - Aquar
Page 17 and 18: hw-multivit ® contains all essenti
Page 19 and 20: hw-addivit ® reliably increases th
Page 21: Freschwater - Aquaristics Filter Me
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