Walking The Bears.pdf
Walking The Bears.pdf
Walking The Bears.pdf
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(ii)Brown bear: In Romania, with radio-telemetry<br />
the rehabilitators could learn that releasing<br />
bear cubs at seven months of age can lead to<br />
predation by lynx, wolf and other bears<br />
(Leonardo, pers.com.).<br />
(iii)Sun bear: In Borneo, radio-tracking helped<br />
Fredriksson (2005) to learn that confiscated<br />
adultsunbearsendupinvillagesandgetkilled<br />
when released in environments not familiar to<br />
them.<br />
(iv)Spectacled bear: Similarly in Ecuador,<br />
researchers radio-collared five spectacled bears<br />
before release and found out that they all<br />
moved into human habitations shortly after<br />
release (Dave, pers.com.).<br />
All these centres were in a position to learn from their<br />
first releases, and modify the rehabilitation method to<br />
suit their local situations. <strong>The</strong>y had all radio-collared<br />
their bears and were therefore in a position to<br />
document what happened, analyze everything and<br />
addressthoseissues.Strangely,thoughthereasonsfor<br />
failures were not much different (i.e. straying,<br />
predation and getting killed), the method of resolving<br />
the issue was not always the same.<br />
Since bear habitats also comprise hilly terrains,<br />
rehabbersreporteddifficultyintrackingbearsespecially<br />
when they are hard released. Hard released subadult<br />
and adult bears are known to move long distances<br />
before they settle down to establish a home range of<br />
theirown.Onanaverage,releasedAmericanbearshave<br />
beenknowntomove35kilometersfromthereleasesite,<br />
the maximum dispersal distance recorded being over<br />
400 km (Beecham, 2006). In Ecuador and Romania,<br />
biologists employed the services of gliders and aircrafts<br />
to radio-track spectacled bears and brown bears.<br />
Manyrehabilitatorscitedfundingconstraintasthemajor<br />
reasonfornotresortingtoradio-trackingoftheirreleased<br />
bears.Mostofthosewhopresentedduringtheworkshop<br />
employedVHFcollarssinceGPScollarsareexpensive.<br />
TamoDadda/WTI<br />
Sincerehabilitatorsconsidered<br />
radio-collaringitselfadrainontheir<br />
resources,trackingthebearsfor<br />
morethanayearwasconsidereda<br />
luxurybymany<br />
How long should the released bears be monitored to<br />
consideritasuccess?Thisquestionwasraisedbysome<br />
participants in the workshop. <strong>The</strong>re appears to be<br />
three levels of monitoring:<br />
1. Looking at short term survival of bears (six<br />
months to one year from release)<br />
2. Looking at long term survival (up to 2 years<br />
after release)<br />
3. Monitortoknowwhetherreleasedbearshave<br />
contributed to the wild population<br />
Mostofthosewhoradio-collaredbearsformonitoring,<br />
looked at the short term survival of released bears.<br />
Since rehabilitators considered radio-collaring itself a<br />
drain on their resources, tracking the bears for more<br />
than a year was considered a luxury by many. Clark et<br />
al (2002) mentioned that future studies evaluating<br />
orphaned bear releases should focus on long-term<br />
survival, reproductive contribution to local<br />
population, and the influence of rehabilitation<br />
methods on the survival of bears after release. In a<br />
rehabilitation program handling ten bears every year,<br />
it may not be feasible to monitor all bears for their<br />
reproductive contribution to the resident population<br />
of bears. As Beecham (2006) mentions, because bears<br />
do not reproduce until they are at least 3 or 4 years<br />
old, it is often impracticable to monitor their<br />
productivityexceptinaresearchenvironment.Atleast<br />
two of the bear rehabilitation projects presented<br />
during the workshop reported on the successful<br />
breeding of released females. Ben Kilham reported<br />
about a 10 year old female which is still alive, having<br />
raisedfivesetsofcubs.Evenoneofheroffspringaged<br />
Radio-collaring of an Asiatic black bear at the Centre for Bear Rehabilitation & Conservation, India<br />
and a spectacled bear at the Andean Bear Project, Ecuador.<br />
ABP,Ecuador