Dengue Bulletin

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Inflammatory Mediators in Dengue Virus Infection: Circulating Interleukin-12 and Interferon-γ Introduction Dengue is an acute infectious viral disease characterized by biphasic fever, headache, pain in various parts of the body, prostration, rash, lymphadenopathy, and leukopenia (1,2) . Dengue virus infection presents itself as two major clinical syndromes, dengue fever (DF) and dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) (1) . DF, the most common type of dengue illness, is a self-limited febrile disease. DHF is a more serious illness sometimes complicated by dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Based on data primarily collected in Thailand, the World Health Organization has proposed definitions for DHF and DSS, and recognizes four grades of severity (3) : • DHF Grade I: Fever accompanied by non-specific symptoms with a positive tourniquet test as the haemorrhagic manifestation; • DHF Grade II: Grade I accompanied by spontaneous haemorrhagic manifestation; • DHF Grade III: Circulatory failure manifested by tachycardia with narrowing of the pulse pressure (
Inflammatory Mediators in Dengue Virus Infection: Circulating Interleukin-12 and Interferon-γ fever in comparison to those in healthy children or patients with bacterial infections. Materials and methods The patients included in the study were admitted to the Department of Paediatrics of the Dr Sardjito General Hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, between September 1995 and May 1996. They presented with fever lasting 2-7 days. A clinical diagnosis of DF or DHF was made according to the WHO criteria before the results of serological studies were known. The severity of illness was graded according to the WHO criteria for dengue haemorrhagic fever (3) . A definitive diagnosis of dengue virus infection was made when patients had elevated levels of IgM antibodies with or without detectable IgG antibodies against a dengue virus according to the criteria described in the interpretation of MAC-ELISA results (3) . Two groups of patients served as controls. Patients with a bacterial infection (bacterial meningitis, sepsis or typhoid fever) served as "positive" controls. The diagnosis of these infections was based on clinical symptoms in combination with the results of cerebrospinal fluid culture and an elevated cell in the cerebrospinal fluid, blood culture, or a Widal serological test, respectively. Apparently healthy children in the outpatients department served as “negative” controls. The clinical signs were registered in all patients at the time blood was collected for the present study. All patients were treated with supportive therapy, including infusion of crystalloid, plasma or whole blood when necessary, as a standard therapy. The protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Dr Sardjito Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from the parents of each patient included in the study. Blood sampling Blood was obtained from each patient within 1 day after admission and in a substantial number of patients also on subsequent days during hospital stay. Blood was collected in tubes containing soybean inhibitor (SBTI; Sigma Chem. CO., St. Louis, Mo), benzamidin and EDTA (100 ug per ml; 10mM and 10mM, final concentrations, respectively) to prevent activation of cells and of plasma cascade systems. The tubes were centrifuged for 10 minutes at 1.300 x g, and plasma was stored at -70 0 C in aliquots. The samples were transported on dry ice to Amsterdam, where they were stored at -70 0 C until tests were performed. Laboratory investigations IgM and IgG antibodies against dengue virus were measured in the Laboratory for Exotic Viral Infections, Institute of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Briefly, an ELISA was used to detect DEN-2-specific IgG antibodies as described earlier (14) . IgM antibodies against the recombinant E-protein were measured with a direct ELISA as described for the IgG antibody detection using an anti-IgM conjugate (Dakopatts, Glostrup, Denmark) (14) . IL-12-p40, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured with ELISAs obtained from the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, according to the manufacturer's instruction. Results were expressed as pg/ml. Levels of IL-12-p40 146 Dengue Bulletin – Vol 26, 2002
Page 1 and 2:
Dengue Bulletin Volume 26 December
Page 3 and 4:
E From the Editor’s desk pidemic
Page 5 and 6:
Contents 10. Eco-epidemiological Fa
Page 7 and 8:
Contents 4. Vaccines and Biological
Page 9 and 10:
Sero-epidemiological Study of Dengu
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Dengue Control in North Queensland,
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Status of Dengue Control Programme
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Time-Series Analysis of Dengue Feve
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Dengue Patients at the Children’s
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Dengue in the Americas by Mary E Wi
Page 53 and 54:
Dengue in the Americas through 1963
Page 55 and 56:
Dengue in the Americas Year DEN-1 D
Page 57 and 58:
Dengue in the Americas (xxx) Travas
Page 59 and 60:
Dengue in the Americas Table 2b: In
Page 61 and 62:
Dengue in the Americas Country or R
Page 63 and 64:
Dengue in the Americas circulation
Page 65 and 66:
Dengue in the Americas numbers of w
Page 67 and 68:
Dengue in the Americas 13. Guzman M
Page 69 and 70:
Dengue in the Americas by Mary E Wi
Page 71 and 72:
Dengue in the Americas through 1963
Page 73 and 74:
Dengue in the Americas Year DEN-1 D
Page 75 and 76:
Dengue in the Americas (xxx) Travas
Page 77 and 78:
Dengue in the Americas Table 2b: In
Page 79 and 80:
Dengue in the Americas Country or R
Page 81 and 82:
Dengue in the Americas circulation
Page 83 and 84:
Dengue in the Americas numbers of w
Page 85 and 86:
Dengue in the Americas 13. Guzman M
Page 87 and 88:
Dengue in Latin America - A Unique
Page 89 and 90:
Dengue in Latin America − A Uniqu
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Dengue in Brazil: Situation-2001 an
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Dengue Viruses in Brazil Number of
Page 105 and 106:
Dengue Viruses in Brazil Laboratory
Page 107 and 108:
Dengue Viruses in Brazil Acknowledg
Page 109 and 110:
Eco-epidemiological Factors Associa
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120: Eco-epidemiological Factors Associa
Page 121 and 122: How Effectively is Epidemiological
Page 133 and 134: Serodiagnosis of Dengue Infection b
Page 139 and 140: isk of infection with dengue virus,
Page 141 and 142: Kuwait. The results of this study s
Page 143 and 144: Identification of Genetic Variation
Page 151 and 152: Rapid Detection of Dengue Viral RNA
Page 157 and 158: Detection of Dengue Viral RNA in Pa
Page 165 and 166: Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Dengue
Page 167 and 168: Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Dengue
Page 169: Inflammatory Mediators in Dengue Vi
Page 173 and 174: Inflammatory Mediators in Dengue Vi
Page 181 and 182: The Interdomain Region of Dengue NS
Page 187 and 188: Study of Dengue Fever among Israeli
Page 193 and 194: The Features of Imported Dengue Fev
Page 199 and 200: Use of Temephos for Control of Fiel
Page 201 and 202: Use of Temephos for Control of Fiel
Page 203 and 204: The Use of Ovitraps Baited with Hay
Page 211 and 212: Mechanisms of DDT and Permethrin Re
Page 213 and 214: Mechanisms of DDT and Permethrin Re
Page 215 and 216: Effect of Midgut Bacterial Flora of
Page 221 and 222:
Study of Child-Invented Health Educ
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Dengue Prevention and Control Befor
Page 231 and 232:
Dengue Prevention and Control new a
Page 233 and 234:
Dengue Net - WHO’s Internet-based
Page 235 and 236:
Dengue Net - WHO’s Internet-based
Page 237 and 238:
Revision of International Health Re
Page 239 and 240:
Revision of International Health Re
Page 241 and 242:
Vaccines and Biologicals Recommenda
Page 243 and 244:
Dengue Prevention and Control Repor
Page 245 and 246:
Dengue Prevention and Control impro
Page 247 and 248:
Dengue Fever and Dengue Haemorrhagi
Page 249:
Instructions for Contributors Artic
show all

Dengue Bulletin

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?