Redundancy in Coupling Power Line Carrier Channels to the Power ...
Redundancy in Coupling Power Line Carrier Channels to the Power ...
Redundancy in Coupling Power Line Carrier Channels to the Power ...
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REDUNDANCY IN COUPLING POWER<br />
LINE CARRIER CHANNELS TO THE<br />
POWER LINE<br />
A WORKING GROUP REPORT<br />
FROM THE H15 WG<br />
OF THE<br />
H – RELAYING COMMUNICATIONS SUBCOMMITTEE<br />
IEEE POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY/POWER SYSTEMS RELAYING<br />
COMMITTEE
PARTICIPANTS<br />
Roger Ray, Chairman<br />
Bruce Pickett, Vice Chairman<br />
Ray Fella ,<strong>Power</strong>Comm<br />
Jerry F<strong>in</strong>ley ,TVA<br />
Terry Fix, Dom<strong>in</strong>ion Virg<strong>in</strong>ia <strong>Power</strong><br />
Ken Fodero, SEL<br />
Bob Ince, RFL<br />
Jon Kellner, <strong>Power</strong>Comm<br />
Mike McDonald, Ameren<br />
John Miller, Georgia Transmission Co.<br />
Dan Reckerd, Duke Energy<br />
Miriam Sanders, Quanta Technology<br />
Don Sevcik, CenterPo<strong>in</strong>t<br />
Mark Simon, ComEd<br />
Eric Udren, Quanta Technology<br />
Philip W<strong>in</strong>s<strong>to</strong>n, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Company
WHY?<br />
• Elim<strong>in</strong>ate misconceptions<br />
• NERC’s mandate for redundancy
BASIC POWER LINE CARRIER SYSTEM
MODE 1 COUPLING EFFICIENCY
MODE 1 COUPLING EFFICIENCIES<br />
Coupled Phases<br />
(unused phases<br />
grounded)<br />
Three Phase (Mode 1)<br />
Calculated Mode<br />
1 Coupl<strong>in</strong>g<br />
Efficiency (dB)<br />
0<br />
Measured<br />
Efficiency<br />
(dB)<br />
Center-<strong>to</strong>-outer –1.1 –1.6<br />
Center–<strong>to</strong>–gnd. –1.6 –2.5<br />
Outer–<strong>to</strong>–Outer<br />
(push–push)<br />
–2.66 —<br />
Outer–<strong>to</strong>–Gnd. –5.8 –7.3
CENTER PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1 →
OUTER PHASE TO GROUND COUPLING<br />
1<br />
1<br />
1 →
TWO INDEPENDENT PLC CHANNELS, EACH COUPLED PHASE TO<br />
GROUND<br />
R<br />
T<br />
S<br />
LT<br />
These 2 transmitters see<br />
only about a 5 <strong>to</strong> 10 dB<br />
isolation at most.<br />
R<br />
T<br />
Not as much isolation<br />
for <strong>the</strong> transmitters as<br />
phase-<strong>to</strong>-phase<br />
coupl<strong>in</strong>g<br />
S<br />
LT
SCHEMES WITH SOME REDUNDANCY
1 →<br />
CENTER PHASE-TO-OUTER PHASE COUPLING<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 ←<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 ←<br />
0.707 ←
OUTER PHASE-TO-OUTER PHASE (WITH GROUND RETURN)<br />
1 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 ←<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.707 →
1 →<br />
0.707 ←<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.5 ←<br />
MODE 1 COUPLING<br />
0.5 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.5 ←<br />
0.5 →<br />
0.707 →<br />
0.5 ←<br />
0.5 ←<br />
0.5 ←
SCHEMES WITH COMPLETE REDUNDANCY
TWO PLC CHANNELS, COUPLED TOGETHER VIA PHASE TO PHASE<br />
USING EITHER SINGLE FREQUENCY OR WIDEBAND TUNERS<br />
T<br />
R<br />
T<br />
R<br />
S<br />
Primary Relay<br />
PLC Channel A<br />
S<br />
Secondary Relay<br />
PLC Channel B<br />
1→<br />
1→<br />
Note: Coax should be<br />
grounded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> house, not<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> yard<br />
0.707→<br />
0.707←<br />
0.707→<br />
0.707←<br />
Balance Transformers (4)<br />
(A) 0.5→<br />
(B) 0.5←<br />
(A) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5→<br />
(A) 0.5→<br />
(B) 0.5←<br />
(A) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5→<br />
CCVTs
TWO PLC CHANNELS, COUPLED TOGETHER VIA PHASE TO PHASE<br />
USING TWO-FREQUENCY TUNERS<br />
T<br />
R<br />
S<br />
Primary Relay PLC<br />
Channel A<br />
T<br />
R<br />
S<br />
Secondary Relay<br />
PLC Channel B<br />
1→<br />
1→<br />
0.707→<br />
0.707←<br />
Balance Transformer<br />
(may be <strong>in</strong> house or<br />
switchyard)<br />
0.707→<br />
0.707←<br />
Balance Transformer<br />
(may be <strong>in</strong> house or<br />
switchyard)<br />
Note: Coax should be<br />
grounded <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> house, not<br />
<strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> yard<br />
Double Frequency L<strong>in</strong>e Tuner<br />
0.707<br />
→<br />
0.707<br />
Double Frequency L<strong>in</strong>e Tuner<br />
0.707←<br />
→<br />
0.707←<br />
(A) 0.707→<br />
(B) 0.707→<br />
(A) 0.707←<br />
(B) 0.707←<br />
CCVTs
T<br />
R<br />
Primary Relay<br />
PLC Channel A<br />
T<br />
R<br />
TWO PLC CHANNELS, COUPLED TOGETHER VIA MODE 1 COUPLING<br />
USING EITHER SINGLE-FREQUENCY OR WIDEBAND TUNERS<br />
S<br />
S<br />
Secondary Relay<br />
PLC Channel B<br />
(A) 1→<br />
(B) 1→<br />
(A) 0.707→<br />
(A) 0.707←<br />
(B) 0.707→<br />
(B) 0.707←<br />
(A) 0.5→<br />
(A) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5→<br />
(A) 0.707←<br />
(B) 0.707→<br />
(A) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5←<br />
(A) 0.354→<br />
(B) 0.354→<br />
(A) 0.354←<br />
(B) 0.354←<br />
←<br />
→<br />
→<br />
←<br />
(A) 0.5←<br />
(B) 0.5←<br />
← →<br />
(A) 0.354→<br />
(B) 0.354→<br />
(A) 0.354→<br />
(B) 0.354→
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