Untitled

ABAQUS
EI
GMG
CFD

R
1 Vent
2 Overpressure
3 Internal Blast
4 Scaled distance
r
3 R /
[
]
GBU-27

Ps
[
]
[
]
P s
[
]
1.
379
P s
P s
r
0.
607
r
0.
065
r
0.
543
r
2
0.
032
r
2
0.
379
r
2
[
0.
035
]
r
(4)
TNT
3
0.
209
r
3
0.
322
r
3
0.
0006
r
4
( 0. 05 r 0.
3)
(1)
( 0. 3 r 1)
(2)
( 1 r 10 ) (3)
Pr
TM5-1300
(5)
PS
P0
[
]

(6)
72
.
0
)
/
(
166 V
P s
psi
TNT
v
]
[
(7)
max
0
/
13
.
2
0
0 max
0
1
13
.
2
t
P
e
V
A
P
P
i
t
V
A
s
e
Qs
g
s
e
v
As
0
t
e
]
[
(8)
PQS
P0
]
[
PBXN-109
EBX-1
]
[

E
[
]
Autodyn
AUTODYN
3
R / E
[ ]
[
]
[
]
TNT
AUTODYN
JWL
TNT

3- Vent
[
]
Coarse
[
]
TNT
Fine
(9)
L
[
S
D
L/m 1/3
]
m

CFD
[
]
[
]
[
[
]
]
[
]
CFD

[
[
]
]
[
]
[
]

1-Krauthammer T., Modern protective structures, CRC Press, 2008
2- Bangash M.Y.H., Shock, Impact and Explosion Structural Analysis and Design, springer, 2009.
3- Department of the Army, Structures to resist the effects of accidental explosive, TM5-1300,
Washington, D.C. , 1990.
4- Weibull, H.R.W., "Pressures Recorder in Partially Closed Chambers at Explosion of TNT Charges,"
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Prevention of and Protection Against Accidental Explosion
of Munitions, Fuels and Other Hazardous Mixtures, Vol. 152, Art. 1, pp. 356-351, October 28, 1968.
5-Fu, R. Lindfors, A. Davis, J., Scaling for Internal Blast, AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOL 706;
PART 2, 1440-1443, 2004.
6- Luccioni B.M., Ambrosini R.D., Danesi R.F., Analysis of building collapse under blast loads, Engineering
Structures 26 63 71, 2004.
7- Zyskowski A., Study of the explosion process in a small scale experiment structural loading, Journal of
Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17, 291 299, 2004.
8-Feldgun V.R., Internal blast loading in a buried lined tunnel, International Journal of Impact Engineering
35 172 183, 2008
9- Tian L., Simplified analysis for reflective overpressure on walls of rectangle-section tunnel due to its
Volume 14,
Number 5 / October,
2008,
Transactions of Tianjin Universityinner-explosion,
Transactions of Tianjin
10-
Liu J.
, Analysis of blast wave propagation inside t unnel,
Volume 14 , Number 5,
2008,
University
11- Lu Y. , Xu K., Prediction of debris launch velocity of vented concrete structures under internal blast,
International Journal of Impact Engineering 34, 1753 1767, 2007
12- Itagaki H. , Hayashi T., Explosion Venting into an Enclosed Vessel, NIIS-RR-94 (1995) UDC 519.6,
532.525, 614.839
13- N. Sonoda,, A. Hashimoto, and Matsuo A., The influence of vessel geometry on the effect of explosion
vent, Proceedings of the 5th International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, Edinburgh, UK, 2007
14-Hannemann K., Seiler , Shock Waves 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves, Volume
springer,73-78, 2009
15-Bebbington J. and Groves A. Internal blast performance of maritime composite sandwich panels.
http://www.qinetiq.com/global.html

CFD
CFD
CFD
[
]

2 Expl osion
[
]
(CFD)
TNT
[
]
CFD
` 1- Computational fluid dynamics
9
7
3 - Detonation
4 - Blast

Pso
[ ]
CFD
CFD
[
]
10
5 - Overpressure
6- Near field

(I)
[
]
[
BKW
]
CEBAM
[ ]
CFD
7 - Computational Explosion and Blast Assessment Model

R/W 1/3
[
]
R/W 1/3
JWL
LS-DYNA
TNT
I/W 1/3
W
Autodyn, Autoreagas
[
]
R
TNT
CEBAM
8 - Barrier wall

[
L1/D=0.6 TNT
]
15
[
]
[
] HB=20m,H1=4m,D=20m,
k-
[
]
CFX
CFX
Chinook
CFD
14 UDS
9 - upwind differencing scheme
10- Vent

[
]
[
]
[
]
BLAST
[
BLAST
CFD
]
CFD
TNT

11- Gas Dynamics Tool
[
CFD
]
[
TNT
]
CFD
16 GDT

CFD
(MESO)
[
]
CBW-CFX
[
]
MAZe
[
CBW-CFX
]
[
]
STAR-CD

[
]
[
]
CFX
[
]
CFX
[
]

CFD
CFD
1-FM 100-12 Army Theater Missile Defense Operations, Chapter 7 Passive Defense, October 1999
2webpages.iust.ac.ir/hashemabadi/pdf/CFDRG.pdf 3-Krauthammer T., Modern protective structures , CRC press, 2008
4- Crowl D. A., Understanding Explosions, AICHE, 2003
5- Rhodes N., Computational Fluid Dynamics in Practice, Professional Engineering Publishing
Limited, 2001
6-Clutte J. r, Mathis J. T, Stahl W., Modeling environmental effects in the simulation of explosion
events, International Journal of Impact Engineering 34, 973 989, 2007
7- Ledin H. S., Review of CEBAM Explosion Model, HSL/2006/112
8- Xiuhua Z.G., Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame
Structures Subjected to Blast Load, Trans. Tianjin Univ., 14:523-529, 2008
[
]

9- Zhou X.Q., Hao H., Prediction of airblast loads on structures behind a protective barrier,
International Journal of Impact Engineering 35, 363 375, 2008
10-Chinook Input Manual, Martec Software Manual #SM-03-14, Martec Ltd., Halifax, NS, 2003
11- Sklavounos S., Rigas F., Computer simulation of shock waves transmission in obstructed
terrains, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 17, 407 417, 2004
12- Ferrara G., Benedetto A. D, Salzano E., Russo G., CFD analysis of gas explosions vented
through relief pipes, Journal of Hazardous Materials, A137, 654 665, 2006
13- . van den Berg A.C, BLAST : A compilation of codes for the numerical simulation of the gas
dynamics of explosions, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 22, 271 278, 2009
14- Elsayed N. M., Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries, Elsevier Academic Press,2008
15- WWW.CFD.ru
16- Armistead M., Chemical and Biological Hazard Environmental Prediction, October 27, DTO
CB.55, 2005
17- Huang H. , Validation and Application of CFD Modeling for Predicting Traffic Induced Air
Pollution in a Complex ,Urban AREA,http://ams.confex.com/ams/(2010)
18- DiNenno P. J., SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3th, NFPA 2002
19- Gant S. E., CFD Modelling of Water Spray Barriers, HSL/2006/79
20- Liu Y., Alfred Moser and Yehuda Sinai, Comparison of a CFD fire model against a ventilated
fire experiment in an enclosure, International Journal of Ventilation, Volume 3, No 2,2005
21- Yeoh G. H., Computational fluid dynamics in fire engineering, Butterworth-Heinemann is an
imprint of Elsevier, 2009
22- Sanders R. E., Chemical Process Safety, 2005, Elsevier Inc.

[
]
*
[
]

[ ]
AUTODYN
LS-DYNA

AGM-86D
[
]
[
]
FMU-159/b
FMU-159/b
[ ]
Tomahawk

[
]

[
]
[
]

[
]

LS-DYNA
AUTODYN

LS-DYNA
1- Jonas A.zukas, High Velocity Impact Dynamics, JOHN WILEY, 1990
2- Richard Fong, Advanced Warhead Technologies, International Armaments Technology
Symposium & Exhibition, 2004
3- http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/bunker-buster
4- BLU113,http://gizmodo.com/assets/resources/2008/02/divine%20thunder.jpg
5- John Merkwan, ARDEC Fuze Overview48th Annual Fuze Conference, 2004
6- Lawrence Fan, Fuze IPT Perspective DoD Fuze Technology Program, 50th Annual Fuze
Conference, 10 May 2006
AUTODYN
7- Dr. Helmut Muthig, PIMPF - The German Hard Target Fuze is ready PIMPF - The German,
THE 46TH ANNUAL FUZE CONFERENCE, 2002

8- JOOSEF LEPPÄNEN, Dynamic Behaviour of Concrete Structures subjected to Blast and
Fragment Impacts, Department of Structural Engineering Concrete Structures, Göteborg, Sweden
2002
9- C.Y. Tham, Numerical and empirical approach in predicting the penetration of a concrete target
by an ogive-nosed projectile, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 42 (2006) 1258
10- Q.M. Li, X.W. Chen, Dimensionless formulae for penetration depth of concrete
1268
target impacted by a non-deformable projectile, International Journal of Impact Engineering 28
(2003) 93 116
11- Michelle Crull, et al., Estimating Ordnance Penetration into Earth, U.S. Army Engineering &
Support Center, Huntsville Attn: CEHNC-ED-CS-S
12- P. K. ROY & K. RAMARAO, A Computer Code For Evaluation of Design Parameters of
Concrete, Piercing Earth Shock ;Missile Warhead, Armament Research & Development
Establisb.ent, 1985
13- WANG Zaicheng, JIANG Chunlan & LIAO Haihua, Comparability Law about Simulation
Experimentation of Kinetic Penetrator Penetrating Concrete Target, Beijing Insitute of Technology,
China, 2000

GF-JA2
JA2
M9
,

JA2
PEN
s
M30
GF-JA2
35mm
M30
JA2
JA2
JA2
inch
DEGDN
mm

JA2
GF-JA2

17 Frankford
JA2
GF-JA2
P2
JA2
2.5m
P1

kJ
JA2
JA2
GF-JA2

GF-JA2
E
GF-JA2
JA2

M30
JA2

[1]- Richard A. Beyer and Andrew L. Brant, Plasma Ignition in a 30mm Cannon, U.S Army
Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland
[2] R. A. Beyer and R. A. Pesce-Rodriguez., "The Response of Propellants to Plasma Radiation,"
IEEE Trans. Mag, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp 344-349, Jan. 2005.
[3]- D. Zoler*, N. Shafir, D. Forte, E. Kot, A. Ravid, S. Wald and M. Sudai ,Study of Plasma Jet
Capabilities to Rroduce Uniform Ignition of Propellant, Ballistic Gain and Significant Decrease of
the "Temperature Gradient" Effect, Propulsion Physics Laboratory, Soreq NRC, Yavne 81800,
Israel, Electrothermal/Electrothermal-Chemical Launchers paper 91.

[4] J. W. Colburn, A. W. Johnson, M. B. Ridgley, D. E. Kooker, T. C. Minor, "The Effects of Base
Ignition on Slab Propellant in a 30-mm Short Gun," Proceedings of the 35th JANNAF Combustion
Subcommittee Meeting, CPIA Publication 680, Volume I, pp. 79-8, December 1998.
[5] R. A. Pesce-Rodriguez, and R. A. Beyer, "A Theory of Plasma-Propellant Interactions", Army
Research Lab. Tech. Rpt. ARL-TR-3286, 2004.
[6] L.-M. Chang, and S. L. Howard, "Electro-Thermal Chemical (ETC) Plasma Ignition of Gun
Propelling Charges: The Role of Pulse Length," 39th JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee
Meeting, Colorado Springs, 2004
[7] Beyer, R. A., and Bunte, S. W. "Spatial and Temporal Temperature Studies of Electrothermal
Chemical (ETC) Plasmas," Ballistic Res. Lab. Tech. Rept. BRLTR- 3324, 1992.
[8] N. Shafir, D. Zoler, S.Wald and M. Shapira, "Reliable, Highly Reproducible Plasma Injectors
for ET and ETC launchers", IEEE Trans. on Magn., vol.41,pp.355-359,2005.
[9] S. Cuperman, D. Zoler, J. Ashkenazi, J. Caner and Z. Kaplan, "Consistent Treatment of Critical
Plasma Flows in High Pressure Discharges Ablative Capillaries", IEEE Trans. on Plasma Science,
vol.21, 3, pp. 282-288,1993.
[10] D. Zoler, S. Cuperman, J. Ashkenazi, J. Caner and Z. Kaplan, "A Time Dependent Model for
High-Pressure Discharges in arrow Ablative Capillaries", Journ. Plasma Phys., vol.50, part.1, pp.
51-70,1993.

18 . part per trillion
ppt
ppt
ppm

in
mAb
in vivo
19 -immunosensores
20 -Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
21 -horse radish peroxidase
ELISA
ELISA
TNT
ELISA
TNT
TNT
ELISA
HRP
vitro

22 -fluoroimmunoassay
RDX
TNT
TNT
TNT ELISA
RDX
TNT
RDX
TNT
ELISA
TNT
TNT
DTECH
TNT
TNT

photo-multiplier
TISPR-1
SPR
TNT
NRL
Ciumasu
SPR
23 -Naval Research Laboratory
24 -chemiluminescent
25 -electrochemiluminescent
26 -surface plasmon resonance-based
27 -Texas Instruments surface plasmon resonance sensor
28 -fluorescence resonance energy transfer
NAVAL
SPR
ECL
FRET
TNT
TNT
SPR
TNT
TNT
PMT

FRET
29 quantum dot-based
30 - Lateral-flow
TNT
CdSe-ZnS
Dstl
TNT
TNT
QDs
TNT
TNT
FRET
Medintz
DHLA
TNT

FAD-
FAD
TNT
31 -Apoenzyme reactivation
32 -fluorescein
Gox
TNT
TNT RDX PETN
apo-Gox
TNT
FAD-TNT-Gox
ARIS
TNT
TNT
Gox
TNT
Gox
FAD
apo-Gox
H2O2
FAD
TNP

TNT
33 -calcein
34 -Quartz crystal microbalance
QCM
QCM
QCM
PETN
QCM
TNT
TNT
Biosensor Application
BIOSENS
TNT

ABTS
HMTD
NADH
NADH
TATP
UV
RDX
HMTD
TNT
TATP
ABTS
HMTD
TATP

DNT
TNT
TNT
DNT
ScenTraK
RNA
ELISA
DNA
TNT
CogniScent
DNA
CDs
TNT
DNA
TNB

NADH
TNT
35 - biomimetic fluorescent reporter
NTR
TNT
nfnB
NTR
TNT
Vibrio
NTR
FMN
fischeri
TNT

NTR
36 -ferrocene dicarboxylic acid
FcDA
NADH
NAD +
FcDA
NADH
NADH
NTR
DNEB
FcDA
NTR

SCE
DNEB
HPLC
DNEB
(
ppt
DNEB
ppt (
HPLC
ppt

pg
ng ml -1
ng ml -1
pg ml -1
g l -1
ng ml -1
ng ml -1
ppb
mg/l -1
ng ml -1
ng ml -1
g l -1
g ml -1
ng ml -1
ng
pg µl -1
ppt
nmol ml -1
mg/l -1
pg
ng ml -1
(LOD
ELISA
SPR
QCM

mg/l -1
1- R. G. Smith, N. D Souza and S. Nicklin, A review of biosensors and biologically inspired systems for explosives detection.
Analyst, 2008, 133, 571-584.
2- D. D. Fetterolf, J. L. Mudd and K. Teten , An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for trinitrotoluene (TNT)
residue on hands. J Forensic Sci , 1991, 36(2), 343-349.
3- H. Craig, G. Ferguson, A. Markos, A. Kusterbeck, L. Shriver-Lake, T. Jenkins, and P. Thorne, Field demonstration of on-
site analytical methods for TNT and RDX in ground water , in Proceedings of the 1996 HSRC WERC Joint Conference on
the Environment, held in Albuquerque, NM, Great Plains/Rocky Mountain Hazardous Substance Research Center,
Manhattan, KS, 1996, pp. 204
219, http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC/ 96Proceed/craig.html (accessed 29 February 2008)
4- J. P. Whelan, A. W. Kusterbeck, G. A. Wemhoff, R. Bredehorst and F. S. Ligler, Continuous-flow immunosensor for
detection of explosives. Anal. Chem., 1993, 65, 3561-3565.
5- Strategic Diagnostics Inc., Newark, USA, www.sdix.com (accessed 29 February 2008).
6- I.M. Ciumasu, P.M. Kramer, C.M. Weber, G. Kolb, D. Tiemann, S. Windisch, I. Frese, A.A. Kettrup : A new, versatile
field immunosensor for environmental pollutants. Development and proof of principle with TNT, diuron and atrazine.
Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 354-364 (2005).
7- I. L. Medintz, E. R. Goldman, M. E. Lassman, A. Hayhurst, A. W. Kusterbeck and J. R. Deschamps, A Hybrid Quantum
Dot Antibody Fragment Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based TNT Sensor. Anal. Chem., 2005, 77, 365 37.
8- H. Itzhaky, E. Keinan, Method and kit for the detection of explosives. 2004, U.S. Patent 6,767,717.
9- T. K. Alkasab, J. White, J. S. Kauer, A computational system for simulating and analyzing arrays of biological and
artificial chemical sensors. Chem. Senses. 2002, 27, 261-275.
10- C. D. Gwenin, M. Kalaji, C. M. Kay, P. A. Williams and D. N. Tito ,An in situ amperometric biosensor for the detection of
vaporus from explosive compounds. Analyst, 2008, 133, 621-625.

MBA
Email address: p.baradaran.g@gmail.com
37

PolySaccharide
OH
R
CO
NH
2
.
Heat,
Catalyst,
mg
PolySaccharide
O
CO
NH
2

Air
PolySaccharide O CO NH 2
P4
P2O
5 C(
Foamed ) NH 4 PO4
P
3
4 Re main

1- J.Breitenbach, Melt extrusion: from process to drug delivery technology, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and
Biopharmaceutics 54 (2002) 107 117
2- H.A. Talaat, M.H. Sorour, A.G. Aboulnour, H.F. Shaalan, Enas M. Ahmed, A.M. Awad and
M.A. Ahmed, Development of a Multi-Component Fertilizing Hydrogel with Relevant Techno-Economic
IndicatorsAmerican-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 3 (5): 764-770, 2008.

3-P. Anna, S. Nagy, S. Keszei, A. Szabó, Gy. Marosi,Thermoplastics in pharmaceutical technology, Proceeding of
the 8th Polymers for Advanced Technologies International Symposium, Budapest, Hungary, 13-16 September 2005
4- Xiao Fei MA, Jiu Gao YU, Jin FENG, A Mixed Plasticizer for the Preparation of Thermoplastics, Chinese
Chemical Letters Vol. 15, No. 6, pp 741-744, 2004.

40
41 decoy
42 flare
Spectrally Balanced Infrared Flare Pyrotechnic Composition
1950
58
9
16
13
20
11
4
8
7
5
44
10

70
45
20
PTFE
45
25
10
MTV
IR
UV
MT
MTV
MT
MTV

MTV
43 Brisance
44 Soft Ignation
US
UK
US
MTV
IR
MTV
MTV
54
55
61
30
40
34
16
5
5
MTV
MTV
MTV
MTV
MTV
MTV
MTV
MTV
1
2
3
MTV

MTV
33
Mg(g)
MTV
-1123kj/mol
MgF2
MgF2(g)
9.2kj/gr
MTV
MTV
m>n: MgF2 (Solid, Gas, Liquid)+ Mg(g+l) + C(s) + MgF
K
M=n: MgF2 (g+l) + C(s)
M

45 Relaxation
MTV
Mg(OH)2
MTV
MTV
MTV
Mg+2H2O Mg(OH)2 +H2
Mg
Mg(OH)2
Mg/Mg(OH)2
MTV

1/8

mm
mm
psi
C
S
KNO3
MTV

[ ]F.C.Chisto,http://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/corporate/reports/DSTO-TR-0938.
Thermodynamic and Kinetics Models For Magnesium/ Teflon/ Viton Pyrotechnic
Compositions .
[ ] D.Herskovitz, J. Electronic defense,pp.41-46,1998.
[ ] L.V.de Yong, K. J. Smit, A Theoretical Study of the Combustion of MTV Pyrotechnic
Compositions, MRL-Technical Report-91- . 25,1991
[ ] J. Mul, J. Meulenbrugge, G. de Valk, Development of an MTV Composition as an Igniter for
Rocket Proellants, 85-1, ICT. Con. Proceeding, 1991.
[ ] L. J. Potter, F. J. Valanta, Compersion of Several Pyrotechnic Compositions of Interest at Naval
Ordnance Stattion, G. T. P. S., 1989.
[ ] G. W. Nauflett, R. E. Farncomb, L. Choridia, Preparation of Magnesium/Fluoropolymer
Pyrotechnic Material, U. S. Patent 5886293,1999.
[ ] David W. Herbage, Spectrally Balanced Infrared Flare Pyrotechnic Composition, U.S. Patent
5472533,1995.

46
47
-

gr/mol
gr/mol
°C
°C
gr/cm 3
48 - Incendiary Ammunition
49 - MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
P

50 -High Explosive
gr/cm 3
mm.Hg
°C
°C
J/mol.K
P
NFPA
Cp

51 - Fenian Fire
52 - Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre
53 - Sigfrido Ranucci
54 - RAI
(CS2)

mg/m 3
phossy jaw
mg

ppm
(P2O5)

CO2

55 - Ultra Violet (UV)

[2]. D. M. Considine, Van Notrand Renhold Encyclopedia of Chemistry, 4 th ed, Van Nostrand, 1984
[3]. Kirk Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Thechnology, 4 th ed., vol. 18
[4]- CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press, 2005
[5]. B.T. Federoff, O.E. Sheffield, Encyclopedia of Explosives and Related Items, vol. 8, Picatinny Arsenal, 1978
[6]. Hazardeous Material guide for First Responders, Federal Emergency Management Agency,United States Fire
Administration
[7]. Marc C. Duncan, Incendiary Agents, Chapter 9, 2004
56 -CPR
57 - atropine ophthalmic

[8] http://www.islamtimes.org
[9]. http://www.rainews24.rai.it/ran24/inchiesta/video/fallujah_ING.mwv
[10]. Fallujah, The Hidden Massacre, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, (http://en.wikipedia.org)
http://
hamshahrionline.
ir/
News/
? id=
90996
http://
www2.
irna.
ir
[15]. Toxicologigal Profile For White Phosphorus, Sciene International inc, U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 1997
[17]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_pphosphorus
[18]. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/video/2009/jan/19/gaza-phosphorus-victim
[19]. Jane's Ammunition Handbook, edited by: L. Ness and A. G. Williams,15 th . Ed., Cambridge University Press, 2006-2007
[22]. J. C. Cornner, V. S. Bebarta, White phosphorus Dermal Burns, The New England Journal of Medicine, 11
October, 2007

Tf
(Mg)
Mg/Tf
PTFE
(C3H3F7)n
Tracking Flares, Decoy Flares
PTFE
(-C2F4-)n
Mg
58 AMMUNITION INDUSTRY- ISFAHAN- "SHAHMORADI.MOHSEN@YAHOO.COM"-
Tel: 0334 6322358- Mob: 09131070027.
Tf
PTFE
RAM
Mg/Tf
MTV
Shidlovsky
MTV
MTV

PTFE
IR- Decoy Flares
MTV
MTV
MTV
Al
Ellerm
MTV
Zr-NH4ClO4 , B-KNO3 , Mg-TF
Mg
ANFO , RDX , HMX , TNT
MTV
MTV

CO2
CO , H2 , H2O
NH4ClO4 , KClO4 , KNO3
Zr , Ti ,Al ,Mg ,Na ,B ,Li

SF6
(-C2 -F4-)n
SF6
6LiF + Li2S + Heat
Li
(Tf)
SF6
SF6 + 8Li

f
Vt
600K
800-940K
K
Vt
Vt
f
C(s)
3550-4200 Kg/m 3
(Vt)
Kg/m 3
HF
f
VITON
f
623K
TEFLON
C5H3F7-
HF
Vt
K
f
Vt
Vt
CO ,HF
Tf: polytetrafluoroethylene; PB: hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene; Tg: combustion temperature
MnO2
H2
Mg(OH)2
2MgO + Mn
Mg-MnO2
Mg + MnO2

Mg
59 Adiabatic
(Viton)
Mg
16,8 Mj/Kg
F2
(Tf)
(F2)
(Tf)
(Mg)
PTFE)
(Tf)
O2
(-C2F4-)n
Tf
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
TF

Mpa
Mg
Tf
60 Reactivity
C(s)
Mg F2(L)
MgF2(g)
Mg
MgF2 , Mg
Mg(g)
KS -1
F2
Tf
0.656
TG
K
Mg(g)
K
Mg-Tf
Tf
K
MgF2(L)
Mg
DTA , TG
K
Tf
Mg-T
Mg = 0.66
K
Tf
Tf
MgF2
Mg= 0.38
Tf
Mg F2(g), C(s)
K
Tf
Mg
, Mg =0.600
Mg
Mg
X-Ray
Mg +F2
Mg

Mg
1Mpa
(62.31 gr) MgF2
MgF2
dTf =25 m , dMg = 22 m
Mg-Tf
Mg=0.7
Mg-Tf
0.3
dMg dTf
dTf
dMg
Mg=0.3
0.4
Mg
T
Mg
(38.00gr)
Mg
0.19 m
Mg-Tf
MgF2
(24.31 gr)Mg
Tf , Mg

dTf
Mg
Tf
Mg
Mg-Tf
dMg
Mg 0.3
Tf
Mg-Tf
Mg
Tf
Tf
0.60
=
0.40
(dTf = 450 m
Tf
Mg
Mg
Mg
Mg
Tf
Mg 0.3
Mg

Mg
Tf
MTV

1- Naminosuke Kubota, Propellants and Explosives, Chapter 11, PP.309-315, Thermochemical
Aspects of Combustion, Second Edition, Wiley 2007.
2- Conkling, John A., CHEMISTRY OF PYROTECHNICS, New York 1976.
3- Ernst-Christian Koch, Metal-Fluorocarbon-Pyrolants: III. Development and Application of
Magnesium/Teflon/Viton (MTV), Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 27, 262 - 266 (2002).
4- Ernst-Christian Koch, Pyrotechnic Countermeasures: II. Advanced Aerial Infrared
Countermeasures, Review, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 31, No. 1 (2006)

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