ISBN: 978-0-620-54069-8 - Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: The ...

Recommendations

Info

Challenges arising from public housing conversion The regulatory framework is to some extent comparable between the two countries and the current subsidy framework in South Africa resembles to a large extent that of the Netherlands prior to 1993. However, it is difficult to make a direct comparison between the Dutch and the South African situation as the conversion of public housing took place over different time periods and within different policy frameworks. In Netherlands for instance, the sector developed for over a century before privatisation, with many decades of deep subsidies. It must be noted, though that privatisation of public housing or assets have been among the most criticised and disputed aspects of neo-liberalism. It contains processes characterized by transferring the property from public ownership to private ownership. Research has shown that the policy of privatisation has indeed had negative impacts on the poor (also see Malpass, 1999; Wang, 2000). At a political level, this argument tends to affect processes that are aimed at privatising public rental stock. The concern and/or perception that the privatisation of public rental stock elevates the role of the private sector; and the latter does not deliver adequate housing options to cater for the low to middle-income households on the one hand; but also that good quality social housing projects in well-located areas tend to exclude lower- income groups, is in our view genuine concern. However, the specific experiences in Mangaung and Rotterdam demonstrate that this is not necessarily the case. If local policies are well-designed and implemented in close cooperation with social housing providers, sustainable human settlements can be created through private social housing. The cases described and presented here are unique and indeed the experiences do not provide a blueprint for other cities. EXPERIENCES OF PUBLIC HOUSING CONVERSION Mangaung, South Africa In South Africa, the policy of privatisation has taken two main forms; namely transfer of public stock private people through discount benefit scheme and transfer of the public rental stock to social housing institutions. In Mangaung, over 6,085 public rental housing units constructed with funds from the National Housing Commission were identified in order to be transferred through the discount benefit scheme to individual households. Many of these houses were sold under the National Sales Campaign, either by way of Terms or Cash Agreements. Some of them were transferred to individuals through the Scheme thus promoting home ownership and reducing the burden of budget deficits which were mainly borne by the Rate Payers of the Municipality. Due to apartheid planning, this stock is mainly located in the townships and does not address integration aspects fully. Furthermore; the stock does not fully fit the definition of social housing and is therefore not classified as such in South Africa. Parallel to this process of transferring to individuals is the transfer of public rental housing to social housing institutions. For the delivery of social housing in South Africa a municipality has a choice of a delivery agent from one of the following three options: � Municipal Entity � Public Private Partnership (PPP) � Third Party All of these three options have different levels of ownership or involvement of the municipality. In terms of the Social Housing Act, 16 of 2008; the meaning of Social housing 23
incorporates a rental or co-operative housing option for low to medium income households. It requires institutionalised management which is provided by social housing institutions in approved projects and in designated restructuring zones. It is not an option to have social housing units developed and managed by government/municipal housing department (SALGA, 2007). The establishment of the Free State Social Housing Company (FSHC) as a section 21 Company in Mangaung to take ownership of the Brandwag public rental stock was established as a result of this policy imperative. The transfer to FSHC was motivated by a municipal housing strategy (MLM, 2003) and was considered a suitable and appropriate option which would contribute to the restructuring of the City in order to achieve a non-racial and integrated society living in sustainable human settlements (DoH, 2005). Diagram 1 below captures the Brandwag Social Housing Project in relation to socio-economic amenities and the Mangaung Township. This situation informed the City’s decision to transfer the Brandwag public rental housing to the FSHC to promote and contribute to the development of sustainable human settlements. The City has entered into a performance agreement with the FSHC to ensure that once completed, these social housing units are allocated to the correct target group. CBD Free State University Projec t Gvt Departments and University of Technology Brandwag Malls Buffer: Railway line MANGAUNG TOWNSHIP Diagram 1: The Mangaung Township in relation to the Brandwag Social Housing Project To give a brief project context; the 351 Brandwag Municipal Flats were built in the late 1950s for the low to middle income families in what used to be whites only area of Brandwag (Barclay, 2010).The Brandwag Social Housing Project opened this area up and made it accessible to middle income target market who subsequently had easy access to more socioeconomic opportunities. Through this intervention, the quality of human settlements in the area improved. Further, this privatisation of the Brandwag public rental housing contributed to the development of liveable neighbourhoods and has provided affordable, decent and quality housing in the City. In this project the density is high which contributed towards urban compaction and in creating higher thresholds which can potentially facilitate greater levels of service and facility provision. Rotterdam, the Netherlands The housing market within the Rotterdam municipality is dominated by the rental sector, which accounts for approximately 65% of all housing stock in 2011. The municipality still owns and manages few dwellings (
Page 1 and 2: ISBN: 978-0-620-54069-8
Page 3 and 4: HOST University of Johannesburg Fac
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Organising Com
Page 7 and 8: The conference had a particular app
Page 9 and 10: ORGANISING COMMITTEE The Organising
Page 11 and 12: ORGANISING COMMITTEE’S DECLARATIO
Page 13 and 14: September 2012 Dear Author PEER REV
Page 15 and 16: informal settlements (J. CROSWELL)
Page 17 and 18: The conclusions found in this resea
Page 19 and 20: DISCUSSION: FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINAB
Page 21 and 22: Table 3: Social Development. Compon
Page 23 and 24: Kenworthy, J. (1997). Greening the
Page 25 and 26: 213). Documentation as a method for
Page 27 and 28: Although Dharavi historically emerg
Page 29 and 30: without slums by 2013- and its inte
Page 31 and 32: Meanwhile, establishing Dharavi as
Page 33 and 34: Weinstein, L. “Redeveloping Dhara
Page 35 and 36: Defining key aspects for social hou
Page 37: uyers, the apartheid government con
Page 41 and 42: national priority of restructuring
Page 43 and 44: Development Works, 2005. Guidelines
Page 45 and 46: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN RESPONSE TO
Page 47 and 48: study sought to engage with the inh
Page 49 and 50: cement and water; Generally the bri
Page 51 and 52: Mobility has been described by Cres
Page 53 and 54: similar fashion. The intervention a
Page 55 and 56: occupant to grow the unit with the
Page 57 and 58: process in Mamelodi of temporality
Page 59 and 60: Edjabe, N. and Pieterse, H., (eds.)
Page 61 and 62: less damage to the environment (Eco
Page 63 and 64: including the fact that they are co
Page 65 and 66: addressing this challenge as it is
Page 67 and 68: ASSESSING FINANCIAL VIABILITY AND S
Page 69 and 70: maintenance of the building is not
Page 71 and 72: system breakdown as well as depende
Page 73 and 74: Support of Self-Help Activities The
Page 75 and 76: analyse institutional sustainabilit
Page 77 and 78: purchasing from them the newly acqu
Page 79 and 80: the developer than the one in the a
Page 81 and 82: Figure 4 : Suggested structure of d
Page 83 and 84: MCGM 2011, Municipal Corporation of
Page 85 and 86: REFLECTING ON THE LEARNING CENTRE R
Page 87 and 88: that arise as a result of the socia
Page 89 and 90:
of an appropriate storage system wa
Page 91 and 92:
� Be zoned for various activities
Page 93 and 94:
Advantages-of-Modular-Building-Cons
Page 95 and 96:
DEVELOPMENT OF RATING PERFORMANCE C
Page 97 and 98:
een the main approach by “accommo
Page 99 and 100:
community as suggested by (Love et
Page 101 and 102:
2005) also argues that with a sampl
Page 103 and 104:
Labour relations at site - 1.945 64
Page 105 and 106:
The position of duration (which is
Page 107 and 108:
Managers, ILO, Geneva Kangari, R. F
Page 109 and 110:
(2006) is an environmental standard
Page 111 and 112:
incidence of household fires. It ma
Page 113 and 114:
Comparative study 2: Use Phase ener
Page 115 and 116:
REFERENCES Ampofo-Anti, N.L. 2010.
Page 117 and 118:
and hence the families, communities
Page 119 and 120:
Waste water is via these drains. Ho
Page 121 and 122:
Depression Anxiety Stress Normal 0
Page 123 and 124:
http://www.swin.edu.au/victims/reso
Page 125 and 126:
15 I had a feeling of faintness 0 1
Page 127 and 128:
B. No (pass number 6, go to number
Page 129 and 130:
SATISFACTION LEVEL WITH NEIGHBOURHO
Page 131 and 132:
The literature on neighbourhoods de
Page 133 and 134:
Cornwell, 2002). Whilst, social and
Page 135 and 136:
strategies as contained in the hous
Page 137 and 138:
adequate housing as contained in th
Page 139 and 140:
Models. Growth and Change 30(Spring
Page 141 and 142:
with the ability to accurately iden
Page 143 and 144:
the individual pegs/beacons to the
Page 145 and 146:
As mentioned above there have been
Page 147 and 148:
traditionally followed rectilinear
Page 149 and 150:
Figure 2: shows a first attempt at
Page 151 and 152:
McCutcheon R.T, Fitchett A, J.A. Cr
Page 153 and 154:
found ways of coping with which sha
Page 155 and 156:
and makes use of traditional buildi
Page 157 and 158:
integrated with the skin or envelop
Page 159 and 160:
This scheme is exemplary in the inn
Page 161 and 162:
transport and consultation. The hou
Page 163 and 164:
Figure 9: Butterfly House is organi
Page 165 and 166:
In addition to the technical produc
Page 167 and 168:
As stated above: Housing is Urbanis
Page 169 and 170:
CONNECTING THE DOTS BETWEEN SETTLEM
Page 171 and 172:
y the resistance that come from som
Page 173 and 174:
Cross and her colleagues at the HSR
Page 175 and 176:
of organisation within the local co
Page 177 and 178:
The final aspect that represents a
Page 179 and 180:
may well be played as effectively a
Page 181 and 182:
Cross, C. (2010a). Formal & Informa
Page 183 and 184:
A REVIEW OF BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATI
Page 185 and 186:
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Community p
Page 187 and 188:
project and also at levels beyond t
Page 189 and 190:
The following three case studies by
Page 191 and 192:
Building an active citizenry It is
Page 193 and 194:
Building an active citizenry It is
Page 195 and 196:
ensure that where there are multipl
Page 197 and 198:
THE CHALLENGE FACING SOCIAL HOUSING
Page 199 and 200:
housing delivery and to provide she
Page 201 and 202:
GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF SOCIAL HOUSING
Page 203 and 204:
2012:1). Inspite of this success st
Page 205 and 206:
ADAPTING CITIES TO CLIMATE VARIABIL
Page 207 and 208:
The description above presents oppo
Page 209 and 210:
Figure 2 the 3 pilot location are e
Page 211 and 212:
Figure 4 Location of JUFMP in West
Page 213 and 214:
is to facilitate the local governme
Page 215 and 216:
As explained before PAC is an advis
Page 217 and 218:
Finally, the process of community a
Page 219 and 220:
Hardiono, M. (2011). GIS and Mappin
Page 221 and 222:
equitable system of planning and go
Page 223 and 224:
isolated efforts and governance at
Page 225 and 226:
Table 1: Spheres of e-Government an
Page 227 and 228:
Figure 1: Dimensions of Transparent
Page 229 and 230:
BEST PRACTICES ON TRANSPARENT AND O
Page 231 and 232:
2001 Layne and Lees Four stage Cata
Page 233 and 234:
These limitations have reflections
Page 235 and 236:
Regional Wards India 3 Ahmedabad Re
Page 237 and 238:
Gustetic J. (n.d). E-Gov Versus Ope
Page 239 and 240:
TOWARDS ‘PROGRESSIVE’ HOUSING D
Page 241 and 242:
areas, such as Cape Town, Stellenbo
Page 243 and 244:
THE POLITICAL NATURE OF HOUSING DEL
Page 245 and 246:
In terms of social and spatial inte
Page 247 and 248:
Huchzermeyer, M. and Karam, A. (eds
show all

ISBN: 978-0-620-54069-8 - Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: The ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?