ISBN: 978-0-620-54069-8 - Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: The ...

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CONFERENCE REPORT Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: The urban challenge International conference: Lamunu, Braamfontien, Johannesburg 17th-21st September 2012 In September 2012, the University of Johannesburg, with its partners and sponsors, hosted the international conference on Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: the urban challenge. This was an activity of the CIB W110 group on Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing, which is led by Prof Happy Santosa (ITS, Surabaya, Indonesia) and Prof Amira Osman (University of Johannesburg). This research group has also been closely collaborating with CIB W104 on Open Building Implementation. The conference partners and sponsors were the International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB), Cement and Concrete Instit ute (CCI), Social Housing Focus Trust (SHiFT), the National Association of Social Housing Organisations (NASHO), Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), COROBRIK, National Research Foundation (NRF), 26’10 South Architects, Sharp Shop Archite cts, South African Institute for Architects (SAIA), Association of Schools of Construction of South Africa (ASOCSA), 1:1 Agency of Engagement and the Netherland Architecture Fund. The conference organizing committee was: Amira Osman, Finzi Saidi, Ferdinand Fester, Clinton Aigbavboa, Wellington Thwala and Jhono Bennett. The conference was held at Lamunu, Braamfontein. This was an apt location because of the interesting urban regeneration that is happening in the area – which buzzes with student life due to the proximity to both the University of the Witwatersrand campus as well as the University of Johannesburg campus. The conference was conceived as a “small but significant conference” intending to shed light on issues believed to add value to the debate on housing and human settlements in South Africa – ideally to be achieved through active engagement between the architectural profession and other professions and stakeholders in human settlements. Architecture is a profession that is critical in the achievement of human settlements that are more equitable, more beautiful, more functional – human settlements that increase peoples’ opportunities, offering people a better chance at improving their lives and livelihoods. It is a profession that has the potential to offer both technical and social expertise towards the enhancement of social cohesion and integration through the achievement of a mix of income groups, housing types, functions etc. In other words, the architectural profession has the potential to make significant contributions to environments and human settlements that are more human(e). The role of architects and architecture is critical. Yet, the profession remains largely untransformed and disengaged from these issues… something that is changing, but too slowly. This needs to change and we need to re-think the way in which the built environment is conceived, designed and delivered. vi
The conference had a particular approach and aimed to promote thinking on alternative strategies for design and delivery of housing and human settlements – as well as emphasize the role of architects and the architectural profession in spatial transformation and achieving more sustainable, human(e) and equitable cities. The conference themes also built on a vision for human(e) settlements developed by a partnership of individuals from various agencies (CSIR, SHiFT, SAIA, SAICE etc.), calling themselves the Tsela Tshewu Design Team, which listed 10 principles for transformation in the built environment – these principles all emphasized the need for distributed decision making and innovation in the manner in which the built environment in general, and housing in particular, is designed, funded and delivered. The need for viewing the built environment at different levels requiring careful management of the relationships between the agents that operate at those levels as well as the need to “disentangle” those levels to allow for a degree of permanence without restricting the necessity for constant transformation becomes apparent. The 10-point vision presented a set of guidelines to apply this principle in South Africa on new developments as well as in the transformation of existing suburbs and townships and in the upgrade of informal settlements. This approach allows for the integration of low cost housing within strategies that address the development of complete housing eco-systems rather than isolating housing for the poor. It also allows for the development of housing models that make “business sense” by allowing for the involvement of small-scale construction industries in the delivery of the “lower level” of the built environment (the infill or fit out levels) while the large and more experienced companies deliver the base buildings, that is the more permanent component of the built environment. The idea here is to allow for constant transformation and innovations at the lower level of the environment – with more players being involved in decision-making at those levels – while ensuring the delivery of high quality and efficient base buildings which might be leased or sold to various agents including, possibly, subsidised rental housing institutions. Due to this particular approach to viewing the built environment, a strong link with Open Building thinkers and thinking led to collaboration between the CIB W110 research group on Informal Settlements and Affordable Housing and the CIB W104 group on Open Building Implementation. The focus on Open Building also generated a strong Netherlands influence and interest as it is premised on writings by key thinkers in the field such as John Habraken. The strong link with thinkers and projects in the Netherlands was evident in the papers presented, the delegates that attended and also influenced the movies that were produced. The preparations for the conference started many months before with an important collaboration internally between the Multi Media Department at FADA, UJ and the Architecture Department. The intention was to produce two movies that looked at the South African situation and presented innovation in thinking about residential developments in the Netherlands. Produced in partnership with ximage, Amsterdam, the Sustainable Human(e) Settlements: the urban challenge documentary films premiered at the Urban Film Festival organised by UN-Habitat, World Urban Forum, Naples, 3rd-5th September 2012. The movies have also been selected for the India-AARDE Film Festival, partnering with the School of Architecture, Anna University in Chennai, December 20-22, 2012. The movies have been used for lectures and presentations nationally and in the Netherlands. The movies were produced with an intention to initiate a debate on Open Building in South Africa. The workshops had a similar aim and started the day before the conference and overlapped with its activities. These workshops aimed to better establish OB thinking in South vii
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Page 3 and 4: HOST University of Johannesburg Fac
Page 5: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Organising Com
Page 9 and 10: ORGANISING COMMITTEE The Organising
Page 11 and 12: ORGANISING COMMITTEE’S DECLARATIO
Page 13 and 14: September 2012 Dear Author PEER REV
Page 15 and 16: informal settlements (J. CROSWELL)
Page 17 and 18: The conclusions found in this resea
Page 19 and 20: DISCUSSION: FRAMEWORK FOR SUSTAINAB
Page 21 and 22: Table 3: Social Development. Compon
Page 23 and 24: Kenworthy, J. (1997). Greening the
Page 25 and 26: 213). Documentation as a method for
Page 27 and 28: Although Dharavi historically emerg
Page 29 and 30: without slums by 2013- and its inte
Page 31 and 32: Meanwhile, establishing Dharavi as
Page 33 and 34: Weinstein, L. “Redeveloping Dhara
Page 35 and 36: Defining key aspects for social hou
Page 37 and 38: uyers, the apartheid government con
Page 39 and 40: incorporates a rental or co-operati
Page 41 and 42: national priority of restructuring
Page 43 and 44: Development Works, 2005. Guidelines
Page 45 and 46: ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IN RESPONSE TO
Page 47 and 48: study sought to engage with the inh
Page 49 and 50: cement and water; Generally the bri
Page 51 and 52: Mobility has been described by Cres
Page 53 and 54: similar fashion. The intervention a
Page 55 and 56: occupant to grow the unit with the
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process in Mamelodi of temporality
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Edjabe, N. and Pieterse, H., (eds.)
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less damage to the environment (Eco
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including the fact that they are co
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addressing this challenge as it is
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ASSESSING FINANCIAL VIABILITY AND S
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maintenance of the building is not
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system breakdown as well as depende
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Support of Self-Help Activities The
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analyse institutional sustainabilit
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purchasing from them the newly acqu
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the developer than the one in the a
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Figure 4 : Suggested structure of d
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MCGM 2011, Municipal Corporation of
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REFLECTING ON THE LEARNING CENTRE R
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that arise as a result of the socia
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of an appropriate storage system wa
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� Be zoned for various activities
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Advantages-of-Modular-Building-Cons
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DEVELOPMENT OF RATING PERFORMANCE C
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een the main approach by “accommo
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community as suggested by (Love et
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2005) also argues that with a sampl
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Labour relations at site - 1.945 64
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The position of duration (which is
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Managers, ILO, Geneva Kangari, R. F
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(2006) is an environmental standard
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incidence of household fires. It ma
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Comparative study 2: Use Phase ener
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REFERENCES Ampofo-Anti, N.L. 2010.
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and hence the families, communities
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Waste water is via these drains. Ho
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Depression Anxiety Stress Normal 0
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http://www.swin.edu.au/victims/reso
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15 I had a feeling of faintness 0 1
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B. No (pass number 6, go to number
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SATISFACTION LEVEL WITH NEIGHBOURHO
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The literature on neighbourhoods de
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Cornwell, 2002). Whilst, social and
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strategies as contained in the hous
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adequate housing as contained in th
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Models. Growth and Change 30(Spring
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with the ability to accurately iden
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the individual pegs/beacons to the
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As mentioned above there have been
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traditionally followed rectilinear
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Figure 2: shows a first attempt at
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McCutcheon R.T, Fitchett A, J.A. Cr
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found ways of coping with which sha
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and makes use of traditional buildi
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integrated with the skin or envelop
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This scheme is exemplary in the inn
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transport and consultation. The hou
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Figure 9: Butterfly House is organi
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In addition to the technical produc
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As stated above: Housing is Urbanis
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CONNECTING THE DOTS BETWEEN SETTLEM
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y the resistance that come from som
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Cross and her colleagues at the HSR
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of organisation within the local co
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The final aspect that represents a
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may well be played as effectively a
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Cross, C. (2010a). Formal & Informa
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A REVIEW OF BENEFICIARY PARTICIPATI
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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Community p
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project and also at levels beyond t
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The following three case studies by
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Building an active citizenry It is
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Building an active citizenry It is
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ensure that where there are multipl
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THE CHALLENGE FACING SOCIAL HOUSING
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housing delivery and to provide she
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GUIDING PRINCIPLE OF SOCIAL HOUSING
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2012:1). Inspite of this success st
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ADAPTING CITIES TO CLIMATE VARIABIL
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The description above presents oppo
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Figure 2 the 3 pilot location are e
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Figure 4 Location of JUFMP in West
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is to facilitate the local governme
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As explained before PAC is an advis
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Finally, the process of community a
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Hardiono, M. (2011). GIS and Mappin
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equitable system of planning and go
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isolated efforts and governance at
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Table 1: Spheres of e-Government an
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Figure 1: Dimensions of Transparent
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BEST PRACTICES ON TRANSPARENT AND O
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2001 Layne and Lees Four stage Cata
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These limitations have reflections
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Regional Wards India 3 Ahmedabad Re
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Gustetic J. (n.d). E-Gov Versus Ope
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TOWARDS ‘PROGRESSIVE’ HOUSING D
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areas, such as Cape Town, Stellenbo
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THE POLITICAL NATURE OF HOUSING DEL
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In terms of social and spatial inte
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Huchzermeyer, M. and Karam, A. (eds
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