Obtención de portainjertos de cerezo (Prunus avium L ... - Cost 873

Security measures for sending bacterial free plant materials.
Gregorio López, José Cos, Antonio Carrillo, Carmen
Frutos, Alfonso Guevara, Domingo Ortiz, Diego Frutos

in vitro or in vivo, for sending plant material?
ADVANTAGES
Big number of plants in small parcels
Avoiding contaminations during travel.
ADVANTAGES
Plants more easy of grow, bigger size
UNCONVENIENTS
Sanitary control
UNCONVENIENTS
Risks of mutations
Introduction
In Vitro
In Vivo

Stages of in vitro culture Introduction
Stage 5: Adaptation
Growers
Stage 0: Plant material
Stage 4: Rooting
Stage 1: Establishment
Micropropagation Stages
Stage 3:
Multiplication
Stage 2:
Proliferation
Lab

Sweet cherry seeds (Prunus avium L.) teguments effects.
Introduction

Influence of seeds teguments on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.)
germination.
Objetives
Cultivars studied: Burlat, 4-70 and Ruby M. & M.
2,4 gr/l WPM + 30 g sucrose/l. (PH=5,7). + Agar (PPA) 6,5 g/l.
5 Minutes
Sterilized
water
10 Minutes
Shaking

CONTAMINACIÓN
Means and 95,0 Percent Tukey HSD Intervals
1,4
1,3
1,2
1,1
1
N S
Tegumentos
1.- More germination without teguments, independently of treatments and age of
seeds [ 1,2,3 ].
2.- More contamination with teguments,independently of treatments, cultivars and
age of seeds.
3.- Young seeds (E1) presented the lesser contaminations percents.
4.- Significative deifferences were found between cultivars and treatments.
Results
Conclusions

Introduction
Sweet cherry rootstock (Prunus avium L.) by in vitro grafting.

Cherry rootstocks for the Region of Murcia Introduction
Peach x Almond
hybrid GxN15
Santa Lucía 64
(Prunus mahaleb)
Sweet cherry
cultivar
Adara
(Prunus cerasífera L.)
Hybrid (Peach x
Almond) + Adara
(Frutos and Ureña 2008) (Frutos and Ureña 2008)
(Frutos and Ureña 2009)

Advantages of in vitro graft versus graft in vivo Introduction
Free Plantas diseases libres
plant virus material
Incompatibilidad
Graft-roostock
incompatibility
patrón-injerto
High
percentages
Elevados
porcentajes de
of prendimiento
successful
grafts
Advantages
Ventajas
Small room
Espacio recuired reducido
Not subject Evita to
condicionamiento
seasonal
conditions estacional
Reducción Reduction riesgos in
importación risk of de
material importation vegetal of
plant material

in vitro growth conditions
Photoperiod
Fotoperiodo
16 h light/ 8h
• 16h luz/8h
darkness
oscuridad
Temperature
Temperatura
• 25 ± 1 ºC
Cámara
climática
fase in
vitro
Climatic room
Lighting
Iluminación
• 45 µ mol m -2 s -1
(Philips TLD
58W/54)
Material and methods

Free diseases plant material Material and methods
GxN15
Rooting
15 days
½ MS nutrients
concentration + 2 mg/l IBA
Murashige
y Skoog
(MS)
0,75 mg/l BAP
0,1 mg/l IBA
30 g/l sacarosa
6,5 g/l Bacto
Agar
Grafting after 30 days
of growing
MS
Adara

Grafts successness Result
% Successful l Graft
Grow
regulators
Concentration (mg/l)
Control
0 0,25 0,5 2,5 5 Average
BAP - 79,17 66,67 54,17 60,42 62,50 a
GA3 - 62,50 83,33 56,25 52,08 60,42 a
IBA - 75,00 79,17 58,33 64,58 66,67 a
Control 65,28 - - - - 65,28 a
Average 65,28 abc 72,22 bc 76,39 c 56,25 a 59,03 ab

Sprouting of Adara and Graft Successness
% Adara Sprouting
Grow
regulators
Concentration (mg/l)
0 0,25 0,5 2,5 5 Total
BAP - 54,17 45,83 33,33 39,58 40,97a
GA3 - 20,83 50,00 33,33 56,25 41,67a
IBA - 75,00 41,67 29,17 29,17 38,89a
Control 41,67 - - - - 41,67a
Total 41,67ab 50,00b 45,83ab 31,94a 41,67ab
Results y Discussion

Conclusions
- In vitro grafting technique is suitable for cherry rootstocks
adapted to growing conditions as the Region of Murcia.
- With this technique can be prepared rootstocks at any
time of year, and for shorter time length than whit classical
procedures.
- Applying IBA at 0,25 mg/l gave the best percentage an the
best quality of grafted plants.

Walnut propagation (Juglans regia L.) by in vitro
or Small Grafting Technology?.
Introduction

Stages of in vitro culture Introduction
Stage 5: Adaptation
Growers
Stage 0: Plant material
Stage 4: Rooting
Stage 1: Establishment
Micropropagation Stages
Stage 3:
Multiplication
Stage 2:
Proliferation
Lab

Cuadro 1.- Número de amentos sobre el total de yemas de flor en muestras de 20 ramos por árbol en cultivares
de nogal injertados y enraizados in vitro contados el día 15 de Julio de 2002.
Injertados sobre Juglans regia (10ª hoja)
Enraizados In vitro
Variedades Amentos Yemas % amentos Amentos Yemas % amentos
Femeninas (**) femeninas
Serr 79 75 51 a 0 125 0
Sunland 62 60 50a 0 159 0
Fernet (*) 45 82 35ab 0
Chandler 32 106 23b 0 126 0
Total 218 324 42 0 500 0
(*) Fernet en 3ª hoja / Chandler de cultivo in vitro en 7ª hoja. (**)Diferencias significativas entre cifras acompañadas
de distinta letra
Testigo nº 2.- Cotiledonar graft of
cultivar Chandler /J. regia. In two
moth, we can observed catkin.
Cuadro 2.- Número de ramos florales con al menos un amento diferenciado el día 15 de julio de
2002 en variedades de nogal ubicadas en El Chopillo, Murcia.
Introduction
Unconvenients of in vitro propagation vs. grafting in vivo, in Juglans regia L.
Growth regulators used in vitro culture delayed walnut pollen production.
Consequently, start of production in orchard was also delayed.
Injertadas sobre Juglans regia Enraizadas in vitro (7ª hoja)
Variedades Ramos con amentos % Ramos con amentos %
sobre total de ramos sobre total de ramos
Serr 20/20 100 (1) 0/20 (2) 0
Sunland 20/20 100(1) 0/20 (2) 0
Fernet 15/20 75(3)
Chandler 13/20 65(1) 0/20(2) 0
Total 68/80 85 0/60 0
Source: Frutos, D. 2003. Diferenciación floral en vergel de los cultivares de nogal
(Juglans regia L.) enraizados in vitro. Actas de Horticultura 39:271-273.

7 Th leaf
Introduction

Early works Introduction
Firt walnut graftings were made by rapprochement (Mortillet, 1863)
Size of scion
Walnut scion quality was essential for succeeding (Germain and Jalinat,
1974)
Patch budding has been the most used method un France. Big scions size.
Mother plants for scions are required (Bergougnoux and Lapierre, 1975)
Strong prunning of 3-4 years-old limbs increase 5-6% percentage of profitable
bads for budding (Novak, 1974)
Small scions allowe using small rootstocks too. Small size seems to be
more efficient that big one in walnut grafting propagation

Temperature Introduction
Walnut takes need good temperaure conditions (Corsa, 1896; Olivier,
1901)
Optimal temprature for walnut grafting is 27-28 ºC (Sitton, 1931)
Sittons temperature was used by Hartmann (1974) in forcing walnut grafts
into humide peorlite for 3 weeks
Others authors, (Tusurkan adn Chebotar, 1972, Ristevski and Georgiev,
1977; Shanma and Dhuria, 1981), kept walnut graftings into sawdust or
polyethylene bugs for 10 -12 days.
Grafting takes were improved by mean of a white plastic tent (Lagerstedt and
Roberts, 1974)

Small Graft Technology

SGT

SGT

Security measures for sending bacterial free plant materials.
Gregorio López, José Cos, Antonio Carrillo, Carmen
Frutos, Alfonso Guevara, Domingo Ortiz, Diego Frutos
Thanks for your attention!