PROBIOTICS WATCH - Probiotics In Practice

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PROBIOTICS WATCH ISSUE N°4 3. IN VIVO OUTCOMES OF PROBIOTIC INTAKE Contents : EDITORIAL THE MAIN POINTS OF THE QUARTER 1. CHARACTERISATION OF PROBIOTICS AND PROBIOTIC FOODS 2. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION WITH THE HOST 3. IN VIVO OUTCOMES OF PROBIOTIC INTAKE REFERENCES KEY DATES 3.4. IBD AND OTHER INFLAMMATORY DISEASES A mechanism explaining the preventive effect of probiotics against colitis OBJECTIVES Intestinal health requires the coexistence of the host’s own cells with the gut microbiota, and dysregulated host-microbial interactions can result in intestinal inflammation. This study used a murine model of colitis to gain insight into how a defined probiotic-containing food reduces intestinal inflammation, and focused on the microbiota and its response to host consumption of specific probiotics. METHODS & MEASURES T-bet −/− Rag2 −/− mice consumed a fermented milk product (BFMP) containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010, Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Lactococcus lactis or a nonfermented milk product (MP) starting at 4 wk of age for 4 wk. RESULTS The BFMP reduced colitis scores in the majority of mice both at early stages and at late stages of disease when intestinal inflammation was more severe. Colitis scores in the live BFMP were lower than those of the irradiated product (P=0.03). BFMP consumption decreased faecal levels of Enterobacteriaceae sevenfold (P=0.0132) compared to MP. The cecal pH of T-bet −/− Rag2 −/− mice was markedly lower after BFMP consumption (P
PROBIOTICS WATCH ISSUE N°4 3. IN VIVO OUTCOMES OF PROBIOTIC INTAKE Contents : EDITORIAL THE MAIN POINTS OF THE QUARTER 1. CHARACTERISATION OF PROBIOTICS AND PROBIOTIC FOODS 2. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERACTION WITH THE HOST 3. IN VIVO OUTCOMES OF PROBIOTIC INTAKE REFERENCES KEY DATES Identification of a set of microbial species specific to Crohn’s disease condition OBJECTIVES Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease of the human digestive tract whose etiology is still unclear. Several studies suggest that gastrointestinal microbes play a part in this pathogenesis and hypothesized that intestinal dysbiosis may lead to this condition. The aim of this study was to provide new insights into CD-associated dysbiosis by combining molecular approaches. METHOD & MEASURES Faecal samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals and 16 CD patients. The DNA extracted from these samples was subjected to two different methods of microbiome analysis. Specific bacterial groups were quantified by RT-PCR methods using primers designed using a high-throughput in-house bioinformatics pipeline. The same DNA extracts were also used to produce fluorescently-labelled cRNA amplicons to interrogate a custom-designed phylogenetic microarray for intestinal bacteria. RESULTS Even though the intersubject variability was high, differences in the faecal microbiomes of healthy and CD patients were detected. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli were more represented in healthy and ileal CD patients, respectively. Additionally, probes specific for Ruminococcus bromii, Oscillibacter valericigenes, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Eubacterium rectale produced stronger hybridization signals with the DNA samples from healthy subjects. Conversely, species overrepresented in CD patients were E. coli, Enterococcus faecium, and species from the Proteobacteria not normally found in the healthy human GI tract. Furthermore, ‘‘healthy specific’’ molecular species or operational taxonomic units that are not closely-related to any known species (Faecalibacterium, Subdoligranulum, and Oscillospora species) were detected, indicating that the phylogenetic dysbiosis is broader than at strain or species level. CONCLUSION These two techniques of microbiome analysis provided a statistically-robust new picture of the dysbiosis in faecal microbiota from ileal CD patients. Specifically, a set of six species discriminant for CD was determined, which provides a preliminary diagnostic tool. Mondot S, Kang S, Furet JP, Aguirre de Carcer D, McSweeney C, Morrison M, Marteau P, Doré J, Leclerc M. Highlighting new phylogenetic specificities of Crohn’s disease microbiota. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2010 Aug 18. 15
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PROBIOTICS WATCH - Probiotics In Practice

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