Red Hat and the Open Source Community - Red Hat People

Red Hat and the Open Source 

Community 

Thomas Cameron, RHCE, CNE, MCSE, MCT 

Enterprise Solutions Architect 

tcameron@redhat.com 

512.241.0774 office 

512.585.5631 cell

● Introductions 

● A Little About Red Hat 

● Products 

Agenda 

● Community/Societal Work

Introductions 

● Who works with F/OSS at work? 

● In what role?

A Little About Red Hat 

� Headquarters: Raleigh, NC 

� Founded 1993 

� 27 offices worldwide 

� Operates in 16 countries 

� Engineering in: 

Raleigh, NC 

Westford, MA 

Mountain View, CA 

Toronto, Canada 

� FY06 ended 28 February 2006 

� Revenue: $278.3 million 

� Net income: $58.1 million 

� Cash Balance: $1.1 billion 

� Deferred Revenue: $223.5 million

● RHEL > Fedora Core 

Products 

● Red Hat Directory Server > Fedora DS 

● Red Hat Cluster Suite > Fedora Clustering 

● GFS/LVM/CLVM 

● Jboss

Products (cont'd) 

● Xen (libvirt, virtmanager) 

● Frysk, System Tap and Oprofile 

● NSS crypto libs 

● Eclipse 

● NPTL

● OLPC 

Community/Societal Work 

● Software Patents/SCO/Microsoft 

● Free Standards Organization and LSB 

● DRM/Intellectual Property Issues 

● Mugshot 

● 108

Why did we choose Open Source? 

Business Model: provide commercial support for opensource software 

Open Source would unify the efforts of programmers around the world, 

and companies that provided commercial services (customizations, 

enhancements, bug fixes, support) based on that software could 

capitalize on the economies of scale and broad appeal of this new kind 

of software. 

Lead to greater innovation. Customers as innovators. 

Lead to open standards. 

The most successful Open Source businesses will be the ones who can 

successfully guide technologies that engender the greatest cooperation 

from the Net community and solve the greatest technical and business 

challenges of the user community. 

Michael Tiemann, VP Open Source Affairs 

http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/opensources/book/tiemans.html

Red Hat Development Model 

#1 - Red Hat contributes directly to open 

source projects & sponsors the Fedora 

distribution project 

#2 - Red Hat adds the engineering required 

to make open source projects deployable in 

commercial enterprise environments 

● Additional development 

● Integration & Hardening 

● QA testing & Benchmarking 

● Delivery 

● Hardware & Software Certifications 

#3 - Red Hat provides services to 

commercial customers: 

● 7 years Maintenance and Updates 

● Technical Support 

● Training & Consulting Services 

50000 

Packages 

5000 Packages 

1500 Packages

Fedora Core 

What is Fedora? An operating system, a set of projects, and a mindset. 

Fedora is a set of projects sponsored by Red Hat and guided by the contributors. These projects 

are developed by a large community of people who strive to provide and maintain the very best 

in free, open source software and standards. Fedora Core, the central Fedora project, is an 

operating system and platform based on Linux which is always free for anyone to use, modify, 

and distribute, now and forever. 

The operating system is Fedora Core. It comes out twice a year or so. It's completely free, and 

we're committed to keeping it that way. It's the best combination of robust and latest software 

that exists in the free software world. 

The projects are available for your participation at http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/HelpWanted 

The mindset is Doing the Right Thing. To us, that means providing free and open source software, 

at no cost, freely redistributable, and unencumbered by software patents.

Fedora and RHEL 

Red Hat uses Fedora as a platform to promote the development of new technology, some of which 

might end up in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. This does not mean that Fedora is a dumping ground 

for untested code, it simply means that Fedora is a rapidly progressing platform. 

Fedora is often running in uncharted innovative territory, but that does not mean it is using toonew 

code. The programs in Fedora are generally stable releases or welltested prerelease versions. 

There are guidelines behind the inclusion of prerelease software, and thorough testing is always 

done prior to Fedora Core releases. 

“Release early. Release often. And listen to your customers.” 

Eric Raymond, The Cathedral and the Bazaar

Fedora Directory Server 

What is Fedora Directory Server? 

The enterpriseclass Open Source LDAP server for Linux. It is hardened by realworld use, is full 

featured, supports multimaster replication, and already handles many of the largest LDAP 

deployments in the world. The Fedora Directory Server can be downloaded for free and set up in 

less than an hour using the graphical console. 

The Fedora Directory Server is a robust, scalable opensource server designed to manage large 

directories of users and resources. It is based on an opensystems server protocol called the 

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP). It was acquired from Netscape and open sourced 

by Red Hat. It also forms the basis of the Red Hat Directory Server and is capable of serving the 

needs of any enterprise.

Key Features 

Fedora Directory Server 

● 4Way MultiMaster Replication, to provide fault tolerance and high write performance 

● Scalability: thousands of operations per second, tens of thousands of concurrent users, tens of 

millions of entries, hundreds of gigabytes of data 

● The codebase has been developed and deployed continuously by the same team for more than 

a decade 

● Extensive documentation, including helpful Installation and Deployment guides 

● Active Directory user and group synchronization 

● Secure authentication and transport (SSLv3, TLSv1, and SASL) 

● Support for LDAPv3 

● Online, zero downtime, LDAPbased update of schema, configuration, management and intree 

Access Control Information (ACIs) 

● Graphical console for all facets of user, group, and server management

Red Hat and Netscape 

In September of 2004, Red Hat acquired the Netscape server software and staff from America 

Online for around $25 million in cash. 

Netscape Directory Server was updated and became Red Hat Directory Server. 

In June of 2005, Red Hat released the Red Hat Directory Server to the Fedora community as 

Fedora Directory Server. Fedora Directory Server is released under the terms of several F/OSS 

licenses (including GPL, ASF, BSD and others)

Red Hat Global FileSystem 

What is Red Hat GFS? The open source cluster file system for enterprise 

deployments 

What if you could manage a cluster of servers, as if it were one server? Red Hat Global File 

System (GFS) helps you get there today, so that you can maximize the benefits of clustering and 

minimize the costs.


Red Hat GFS allows a cluster of Linux servers to share data in a common pool of storage, allowing 

you to: 

Greatly simplify your data infrastructure: 

Install and patch applications once, for the entire cluster 

Reduce the need for redundant copies of data 

Simplify backup and disaster recovery tasks 

Maximize use of storage resources and minimize your storage costs: 

Manage your storage capacity as a whole vs. by partition 

Decrease your overall storage needs by reducing data duplication


Red Hat GFS allows a cluster of Linux servers to share data in a common pool of storage, allowing 

you to: 

Scale clusters seamlessly, adding storage or servers on the fly: 

No more partitioning storage with complicated techniques 

Add servers simply by mounting them to the common file system 

Achieve maximum application uptime: 

Red Hat Cluster Suite is included with Red Hat GFS


Red Hat GFS is... 

The only native 64bit cluster file system on Linux for enterprise workloads support for x86, 

AMD64/EM64T, and Itanium 

The most scalable enterprise cluster file system on Linux supported up to 256 nodes 

Tightly integrated with Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux (no patching needed) 

The only open source (GPL) cluster file system for enterprise workloads 

POSIXcompliant, meaning applications don't have to be rewritten to use GFS


Provides two major technologies 

GFS cluster file system – concurrent file system access for database, web serving, NFS file 

serving, HPC, etc. environments 

CLVM cluster logical volume manager 

Fully POSIX compliant 

Data and metadata journaling (pernode journals, clusterwide recovery) 

Maximum filesize & file system size: 16TB with 32bit systems, 8EB with 64bit systems 

Supports file system expansion 

Supports F/C and iSCSI SANs 

Default use of new Distributed Lock Manager (DLM)


Red Hat GFS is commonly used in clusters of enterprise applications to provide a consistent file 

system image across the server nodes. This allows the cluster nodes to simultaneously read and 

write to a single shared filesystem. Typical application clusters where Red Hat GFS is deployed 

today include: 

Databases (including Oracle RAC see this whitepaper on the benefits of using GFS with Oracle 

RAC) 

Application and web servers 

Inhouse custom applications 

Highperformance compute clusters where NFS scalability and performance are key

Red Hat and Sistina 

In December 2003, Red Hat acquired Sistina for approximately $31 million dollars. Sistina 

developed LVM and GFS. 

Red Hat has released LVM, GFS, CLVM, GULM and DLM under the terms of the GPL, and is 

working on GFS2, also released under the terms of the GPL.

JBoss 

JBoss was an enterprise software company focused on the Java middleware market. 

1999 : EJBOSS Project 

2000 : Training & Consulting 

2001 : Documentation for sale 

2002 : JBoss Group LLC & Support 

2003 : Expansion with new OSS projects 

2004 : JBoss Inc, Venture Funding, & J2EE 1.4 Certification 

2005 : JEMS, Subscription, JBoss ON 

2006 : JBoss joins the Red Hat family!

JBoss 

Application 

Server 

#1 

Apache 

Tomcat 

JBoss Enterprise Middleware Suite (JEMS) 

Applications, Web Services, and Business Processes 

#1 

Additional JBoss opensource projects : 

● JBoss Eclipse IDE 

● JBoss Seam 

Hibernate 

#1 

Multi-Vendor Java VM, Operating System, Hardware 

● JBoss Remoting 

JBoss 

Portal 

JBoss 

jBPM 

JBoss Microkernel 

● JBoss ESB 

● JGroups 

JBoss 

Cache 

● JBoss WS 

JBoss 

Messaging 

New 

JBoss 

Transactions 

● JBoss Web 

● JBoss AOP 

● JBoss Mail 

JBoss 

Rules 

New New

Primarily LGPL 

Not “viral” 

Exceptions: 

Tomcat : ASL 

JBoss Rules : ASL 

JBoss Licensing 

JBoss Transactions : GPL / Commercial 

JBoss ON : not OSS 

Community edition = Production 

No equivalent of Fedora for JBoss products today

Red Hat and JBoss 

In June of 2006, Red Hat acquired JBoss for approximately $350 million dollars. 

We continue to make the existing F/OSS JBoss products available as F/OSS.

What is Xen? The Leading Hypervisor Technology, Developed by the Open 

Source Community working with XenSource. 

Almost native OS Performance 

Separates the Server Hardware 

from the Server Software resulting a 

guest Operating Systems which: 

Is Completely and Securely Isolated 

Xen Virtualization Technology 

Allows different workload to co-exist on same physical hardware sharing resources safely 

Provides Improved Enterprise Agility 

Ability to migrate guests (in less than 100ms) from one environment to another in response 

to demand. 

Guests can be cloned to add redundancy or capacity without adding cost or managing 

complexity

Domain 0 – Privileged Domain, 

the host. Provides hardware support 

(backend drivers) interfaces 

for guests control and 

management tools 

Device 

Drivers 

Dom0 

Control 

Xen Architecture 

Backend 

Drivers 

DomU 

Frontend 

Drivers 

Xen Hypervisor 

Xen Hypervisor provides IRQ routing, Scheduling , and interdomains 

communications. The Hypervisor with the Dom0 Device 

Drivers provide transparent sharing of resources. It also enforces 

strict resource limitations (example: RAM). 

Unprivileged Domain: The Guest 

or the Virtual Machine. 

CPU, Memory, Storage 

RHEL 

Hardware

Based on Xen Technology. Given the current level of 

performance and maturity, Xen is the undisputed 

leader in opensource virtualization. 

Operating System Integration yields significantly better 

performance. 

Red Hat Virtualization Platform 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

VM 

1 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

VM 

2 

RHEL 

ES 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 

Application 

VM 

3 


Hardware 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

Processor(s) IO Devices Memory 

… 

VM4 VM 

n 

Application 

RHEL 

ES

libvirt – local Virtual Machine (VM) management API that 

enables management and monitoring integration 

Red Hat Virtualization Platform 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

VM 

1 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

VM 

2 

RHEL 

ES 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 

Application 

VM 

3 


Hardware 

Application 

RHEL 

ES 

Processor(s) IO Devices Memory 

… 

VM4 VM 

n 

Application 

RHEL 

ES

virtmanager – virtual machine management tool 

Red Hat Virtualization Platform

virtmanager – virtual machine management tool 

Red Hat Virtualization Platform

Xen 

By using modified kernels, Xen can take advantage of certain capabilities that allow users to have 

all the benefits of virtualization, without incurring the huge performance penalty often associated 

with virtualization. Users can run guest operating systems at near native speeds with Xen. 

The security of the user environment can be enhanced by running different services in complete 

isolation, without resorting to the purchase of additional costly hardware. If servers are used to 

run a web server and an email server together, these two services can now be isolated and run 

as though they were running on completely separate machines. 

Xen users can run multiple operating systems, all from one machine. An instance of Fedora can 

run in conjunction with more instances of Fedora, or with other operating systems such as 

FreeBSD or NetBSD, all simutaneously.

Red Hat and Xen 

Red Hat has a team of engineers dedicated to improving Xen core technologies and management 

tools so that they will be Enterprise ready when RHEL 5 is released. 

Xen has been available from Red Hat since Fedora Core 5. 

Fedora Core 6 will have a version of Xen which is much closer to the version to be shipped in 

RHEL 5

Frysk Debugger 

Frysk, SystemTap and 

SystemTap (F/OSS equivalent to Sun's DTrace) 

Oprofile continuous profiler 

Oprofile

Developer Tools: Frysk 

Execution Analysis Tool – “always on” 

debugging 

New beginning – leapfrog 20 year old 

technology 

Red Hat initiative – will be delivered initially 

through Fedora – Fall 2005 

C++ debugging improvements 

Modular architecture 

Graphical Interface 

Event Driven 

http://sources.redhat.com/frysk 

OProfile SystemTap 

Statistical 

sampling 

Tracing and 

Profiling 

Frysk 

Full modeling

Profiling Tools: SystemTap 

Open Source project (started 01/05) 

Collaboration between Red Hat, Intel, IBM, and 

Hitachi 

Dynamic instrumentation 

Linux answer to Solaris DTrace 

A tool to take a deeper look into a running 

system: 

Provides insight into system operation 

Assists in identifying causes of performance 

problems 

Simplifies building instrumentation 

http://sources.redhat.com/systemtap 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 2 (Oct 2005): 

X86, X8664 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 3 (Feb 2006): 

X86, X8664, ppc64, ia64 

parse 

elaborate 

translate to C, compile * 

load module, start probe 

extract output, unload 

probe script 

probe-set library 

probe kernel object 

probe output 

* Solaris DTrace is interpretive

Profiling Tools: SystemTap 

Technology: Kprobes: 

In current 2.6 kernels 

Upstream 2.6.12, backported to RHEL4 kernel 

Kernel instrumentation without recompile/reboot 

Uses software int and trap handler for instrumentation 

Debug information: 

Provides map between executable and source code 

Generated as part of RPM builds 

Available at: ftp://ftp.redhat.com 

Safety: Instrumentation scripting language: 

No dynamic memory allocation or assembly/C code 

Types and type conversions limited 

Restrict access through pointers 

Script compiler checks: 

Infinite loops and recursion – Invalid variable access

Profiling Tools: OProfile 

Open source project – 

http://oprofile.sourceforge.net 

Upstream; Red Hat contributes 

Originally modeled after DEC Continuous 

Profiling Infrastructure (DCPI) 

Systemwide profiler (both kernel and user 

code) 

Samplebased profiler with SMP machine 

support 

Performance monitoring hardware support 

Relatively low overhead, typically

Red Hat and the Toolchain 

Red Hat has developed, maintained, or submitted code to Frysk, SystemTap, and Oprofile. 

Red Hat leads contributions to the kernel, GCC and GLIBC

2004 Kernel % of patches 

11.62% 

Red Hat 

OSDL 

Andrew Morton 

Linus Torvald 

IBM 

Novell 

Intel 

SGI 

SteelEye 

HP 

MontaVista 

Connectiva 

Dell 

Sun 

other 

23.22% 

66.92% 

2004 GCC % of patches 

2004 GLIBC % of patches 


CodeSourcery 

Novell 

Ada Core Tech 

IBM 

Apple 

Specifix 

Intel 

HP 

Debian 

MontaVista 

Others 

40 


Novell 

IBM 

Intel 

HP 

Debian 

MontaVista 

Others


Quick, informal test: 

I grabbed linux2.6.18.tar.bz2 from kernel.org, and exploded it in /tmp. I went to the source 

directory and issued the commands: 

find . type f | xargs egrep i "@novell|@suse" | wc l 

728 

find . type f | xargs egrep i "@redhat" | wc l 

831


Another quick, informal test: 

I grabbed glibc2.4.tar.gz from gnu.org, and exploded it in /tmp. I went to the source directory and 

issued the commands: 


1279 


5072


A third quick, informal test: 

I grabbed gcc4.1.1.tar.bz2 from gnu.org, and exploded it in /tmp. I went to the source directory 

and issued the commands: 


3595 


14398

NSS Crypto 

If you want add support for SSL, S/MIME, or other Internet security standards to your application, 

you can use Network Security Services (NSS) to implement all your security features. NSS 

provides a complete opensource implementation of the crypto libraries used by AOL, Red Hat, 

Sun, and other companies in a variety of products, including the following: 

The Mozilla client products, including Mozilla Suite, Firefox, and Thunderbird. 

The Netscape browsers 

AOL Communicator and AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) 

Open source client applications such as Evolution, Gaim, and OpenOffice.org 2.0. 

Server products from Red Hat: Red Hat Directory Server, Red Hat Certificate System, and the 

mod_nss SSL module for the Apache web server. 

Server products from the Sun Java Enterprise System, including Sun Java System Web Server, 

Sun Java System Directory Server, Sun Java System Portal Server, Sun Java System 

Messaging Server, and Sun Java System Application Server.

NSS Crypto 

NSS is triplelicensed under the Mozilla Public License, the GNU General Public License, and the 

GNU Lesser General Public License. The latest source code is available for free worldwide from 

http://www.mozilla.org and its mirror sites.

Fedora Eclipse 

With the release of Fedora Core 4 we have included a nativelycompiled version of the Eclipse IDE 

using GCJ. Natively compiling Eclipse allows us to include it in the Fedora Core distribution 

because it is not dependant on proprietary JVMs. It also allows for a speed boost as natively 

compiled code can potentially run faster than interpreted code. GCJ and the Classpath library 

are in a state of constant improvement and this benefits a natively compiled Eclipse directly.

Native POSIX Threading 

Library 

“In the GNU/Linux operating system, the Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL) is a software feature 

that enables the Linux kernel to run programs written to use POSIX Threads very efficiently. 

In tests, NPTL succeeded in starting 100,000 threads on a IA32 which were started in two 

seconds. In comparison, this test under a kernel without NPTL would have taken around 15 

minutes.” [1] 

NPTL was developed by Ulrich Drepper and Ingo Molnar of Red Hat. It has been released as part 

of the kernel.org kernel under the terms of the GPL. 

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPTL

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) 

Freedom: What is the OLPC project? It is a program to enable all children, 

everywhere, to have the best education possible. 

Creating and distributing inexpensive laptops will allow students to become more active and 

creative, letting them take their learning beyond the walls of their schools and off the pages of 

textbooks and writing tablets. These $100 laptops will serve as libraries, music studios, art 

galleries and communications devices, using an opensource software platform that the students 

can customize and expand as their learning needs and programming skills grow. These 

machines will permit students to move beyond static, informationcentric views of computing and 

learning by providing a vehicle for experimentation and collaboration.

One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) 

"In the face of the massive wealth creation that the technology industry has created for so many, 

we have found it unconscionable that so many could be without the tools and resources to join 

the digital ecosystems of the 21st century," Matthew Szulik, CEO of Red Hat, said. "The One 

Laptop per Child initiative is another step in Red Hat's work to do defining work while making life 

a little better for others." 

Red Hat is doing the work for the OS for the OLPC project pro bono.

Software Patent Law 

In July 2005, Red Hat, along with Sun Microsystems and the Foundation for a Free Information 

Infrastructure (FFII), helps to defeat a European software patent directive that, if upheld by 

Parliament, would have permitted the patenting of software. Red Hat fought vigorously, 

providing employees with technical (Alan Cox and others) and legal (Mark Webbink and others) 

expertise. The protracted nature of the hearings required that Red Hat fly its advocates from the 

US to Europe several times. 

Mark Webbink, Deputy General Counsel for Red Hat, has been involved in defeating the European 

Commission's attempts at criminalizing intellectual property infringement. 

Red Hat has been actively involved in HR 2795, entitled "The Patent Reform Act of 2005" 

Red Hat is a founding member of the Open Innovation Network, a patentsharing organization 

dedicated to the Linux community. Other members include IBM, Philips Electronics, Novell, 

Sony and NEC.

SCO and Microsoft 

In December 2001, Red Hat CEO Matthew Szulik testified before the Senate Judiciary Committee 

at the Microsoft antitrust hearing. 

Red Hat is a member of the European Committee for Interoperable Systems (ECIS), which has 

fought Microsoft's anticompetitive behavior in Europe. 

In August 2003, Red Hat filed suit against SCO to stop them from spreading FUD about Linux.

Free Standards Group 

Red Hat was involved in developing the LSB and worked to develop LSB compliance testing and 

standards. 

Red Hat, Novell, Ubuntu and others are all certifying their versions of their operating systems to the 

LSB. 

Red Hat's involvement will make it easier for software developers to correlate different versions of 

the LSB specification with the distros who implement them.

Digital Rights Management 

Red Hat has been actively involved in DRM issues, including the DRM language in the draft 

versions of GPL 3. 

Red Hat Deputy General Counsel Mark Webbink hosted an IP panel at Red Hat Summit in 

Nashville including Karen Copenhaver, a lawyer and former VP at Black Duck Software; Dan 

Ravicher, an attorney involved with the Free Software Foundation (FSF), Public Patent 

Foundation (PUBPAT), and Software Freedom Law Center; and Larry Rosen, founding partner 

of a technology law firm and friend of the Open Source Inititive (OSI).

Mugshot 

Mugshot is an open project to create a live social experience around entertainment...Mugshot 

makes it easy to share web pages and show off your music tastes. You can learn about Mugshot 

feautures as we introduce them on our Mugshot Features page. 

Launched May 31st, Mugshot allows users to aggregate music, blogs, messaging and other media 

from a single location. Unlike competing sites, Mugshot allows its users to choose their favorite 

applications from anyone they please, meaning they could use Gmail, Flickr or Rhapsody if they 

wish. 

Mugshot is designed and developed in the context of an open source community project.

108.redhat.com 

108 is a CollabNet platform site which hosts project workspaces for developers like you to turn your 

ideas into active, productive development projects. Each project workspace includes the tools 

you need. You can participate with other developers working on the same projects. And, you can 

see what is happening in some other projects that may affect your work, or that may serve as 

examples for you to follow. 

CollabNet platform provides simple, powerful web interfaces for version control, issue tracking, 

discussions, and knowledge management. Project owners can configure these tools within each 

project and grant roles to project participants to fit the needs of the project.

Pop Quiz! 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 4 Update 3 X86_64 contains 1642 RPMs. How many of those 

a) 1 

are proprietary/nonfree software? 

b) 37 

c) 42 

d) none

Answer: 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 4 Update 3 X86_64 contains 1642 RPMs. How many of those 

are proprietary/nonfree software? 

d) none 

All of the software packages included with Red Hat's operating systems are covered by F/OSS 

licenses (including GPL, LGPL, ASF, BSD and others)

Pop Quiz! 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 4 Update 3 X86_64 contains 1642 RPMs. How many of those is 

a) 2 

a user prohibited from transferring? 

b) 14 

c) 67 

d) none

Answer: 

Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 4 Update 3 X86_64 contains 1642 RPMs. How many of those is 

a) 2 

a user prohibited from transferring? 

The redhatlogos and anacondaproduct packages have Red Hat logos in them which are 

protected by copyright.

Pop Quiz! 

Complying with the LSB makes it _________ for a customer to migrate away from Red Hat 

Enterprise Linux 

a) Easier 

b) Harder

Answer: 

Complying with the LSB makes it _________ for a customer to migrate away from Red Hat 

Enterprise Linux 

a) Easier

Questions?

Red Hat and the Open Source Community - Red Hat People

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