Extreme Networks Ethernet Mobile Backhaul Products Enable ...

Extreme Networks Solution Overview 

Extreme Networks Ethernet Mobile 

Backhaul Products Enable Customer 

to Drive New Revenue Streams 

A broad range of sophisticated yet affordably priced mobile 

devices, coupled with unrelenting subscriber demands for rich, 

compelling services, are providing mobile operators with new 

opportunities for revenue streams. To meet the exponential 

increase in bandwidth capacity required to serve these 

demands, mobile operators are committed to deploying 

next-generation mobile backhaul networks. 

The operator’s mobile backhaul network connects multiple cell 

sites, linking hundreds of thousands of roaming subscribers 

to the mobile core, and plays a significant role in the delivery 

of services. The mobile backhaul solution must provide the 

performance to efficiently handle 2G, 3G and 4G services to 

protect mobile operators’ investments. As more and more 

mobile applications are developed and added to the service 

mix to draw new subscribers, simplified operations will also 

prove a critical component for service quality and reliability to 

minimize churn. 

Extreme Networks ® Ethernet Mobile Backhaul solutions, to 

be available in 2011, are designed for the unique demands of 

mobile operators, offering resilient synchronous Gigabit Ethernet 

(GbE) backhaul to provide support for multiple generations 

of services. Mobile operators can lower their capital expenses 

(CapEx) and operational expenses (OpEx) by reducing the number 

of network elements and simplifying operations. 

With over 25 million ports shipped worldwide, 

Extreme Networks has a history of providing price performance 

and investment protection for mobile operator network infrastructure. 

Extreme Networks solutions are designed for “green” 

cell deployments, reducing network energy consumption, and 

the simplified architecture eases implementation. Our leading 

Key Benefits of Ethernet Mobile 

Backhaul Solutions 

Increased Opportunities for New 

Revenue Streams 

• High-capacity mobile backhaul supporting 

2G, 3G and 4G, converging high-quality voice 

and bandwidth-intensive multimedia services 

Investment Protection 

• Scalable mobile backhaul built to ease the 

migration from legacy to next-generation 

mobile services 

• True 4G performance with line-rate Gigabit 

Ethernet and roadmap to 10 GbE and beyond 

Lower Subscriber Churn 

• Resilient synchronous gigabit Ethernet through 

EAPS, G.8032, and MPLS-TP 

• Carrier-class synchronization for latency-sensitive 

traffic with ITU-T G.8262 Synchronous Ethernet and 

IEEE 1588v2 

• Accelerated resolution of service issues enabled 

by advanced OAM support from ITU-T Y.1731, 

IEEE 802.1ag CFM, IEEE 802.3ah EFM 

Reduced Total Cost of Ownership and 

Simplified Operations 

• Single unified operating system with ExtremeXOS® 

• Low power consumption

Extreme Networks Solution Overview: Ethernet Mobile Backhaul 

edge solutions for mobile operators are a result of our knowledge 

and experience in building resilient service provider networks. 

With a business model that aligns with the business objectives 

of mobile Network Equipment Providers, Extreme Networks 

serves four of the top six providers in the world, enabling them to 

expand their solution offerings. 

Extreme Networks solutions will help enable mobile operators 

to deliver a network that is designed for the new mobile world 

of man and machine, providing pervasive access, awareness and 

control from the converged edge to the cloud. 

Next-Generation Mobile Network — 

Extreme Networks Reference 

Architecture 

The migration to an all-packet architecture for next-generation 

mobile networks is required to meet the surge in bandwidth 

demand. Ethernet-based mobile backhaul is the logical choice 

for many carriers due its simplicity and economical benefits. 

Next Generation Mobile Backhaul Network – Extreme Networks Reference Architecture 

Cell Site Cell-Site Aggregation 

2G/3G/4G 

Cell Site 

Router 

Cell Site 

Router 

2G/3G/4G Microwave 

GE over Fiber 

Microwave 

Cell-Site 

Aggregation 

Router 

2G/3G/4G 

Resilient Synchronous 

Gigabit Ethernet 

Stratum Timing 

© 2011 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. 

To maximize operations and management efficiencies while 

minimizing the cost per bit transported, legacy services such 

as voice are delivered over the same Ethernet mobile backhaul 

network. 

The Mobile Backhaul Network Building Blocks 

Figure 1 is the Extreme Networks reference architecture for 

next-generation mobile networks. The fundamental building 

blocks include the Cell Site, Cell Site Aggregation and the Mobile 

Core. Network equipment required for Ethernet mobile backhaul 

includes the cell site router deployed at the Cell Site and aggregation 

routers in the Cell Site Aggregation network. Each of these 

building blocks and the network elements are discussed further 

in the following sections. 

Building Integrated 

Timing System 

Aggregation 

Hub 

Mobile Core 

Packet Core 

Network 

2G/3G/4G 

Mobile Service 

Core 

Data Center 

Switch 

Servers and 

Storage 

Mobile Data 

Center 

5540-01 

Figure 1: Next-Generation Mobile Backhaul Network – Extreme Networks Reference Architecture 

2


Cell Site 

The Cell Site is the Radio Access Network Customer Edge and 

refers to the part of the mobile network that includes 2G (supporting 

T1/E1 connectivity), 3G (supporting T1/E1 and Ethernet 

connectivity) and 4G (supporting high-performance Ethernet 

connectivity) radio towers. Several 2G, 3G and 4G radio towers 

can be connected to the Ethernet mobile backhaul at the same 

time via the cell site router which collects traffic for handoff to 

the mobile backhaul network over fiber or microwave. Reliable 

convergence of multiple traffic types and performance scalability 

are important criteria for this part of the network, given the 

requirement to support a growing number of bandwidth-intensive 

data services alongside legacy voice services. 

Pseudowire capability is an important requirement of the 

cell-site router to enable the backhaul of 2G, 3G and 4G traffic 

simultaneously over the same Ethernet mobile backhaul 

network. It provides a mechanism for emulating TDM-based 

T1 and E1 services over Ethernet through encapsulation as well 

as the management of timing and order of traffic streams. The 

encapsulated T1 and E1 traffic transits the cell-site aggregation 

network and the packet core and is terminated at the edge of 

the packet core network where the traffic is then converted 

back to its native TDM format. 

Given the asynchronous nature of Ethernet, two key timing 

protocols, Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) and ITU-T 1588v2 have 

been established to ensure the quality of latency-sensitive 

services. One or both of these protocols may be implemented 

at the cell site depending on the deployment scenario. 

Additionally, the implementation of advanced OAM and resiliency 

protocols are required to provide the same level of resiliency 

and performance characteristics of legacy SONET/SDH-based 

systems and ensure the enforcement of SLAs (Service Level 

Agreements). These protocols include IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM, 

IEEE 802.1ag Service OAM, and ITU-T 1731 as depicted in Figure 2. 

Resilient microwave access rings can be implemented at the cell 

site using EAPS (Ethernet Automatic Protection Switching RFC 

3619) or G.8032 designed to provide protection switching. 

Deployment of MPLS-TP, a protocol based on MPLS designed to 

enable a highly resilient and cost-effective connection-oriented 

packet network, ensures reliable end-to-end mobile backhaul 

connections. 


Cell Site Aggregation 

The primary function of a cell site aggregation router is the 

aggregation of multiple Ethernet links from various cell sites 

and the routing of traffic to the mobile core which consists of 

the packet core, mobile service core and mobile data center (see 

section on ‘Mobile Core’ for more details). The cell site aggregation 

router aggregates T1/E1 and Ethernet links in cases where 

T1/E1 connects to 2G or 3G radio towers co-located at the same 

site. The cell-site aggregation routers are connected to each 

other via multiple resilient synchronous Gigabit Ethernet rings 

which must be designed to provide transparent failover and 

ring recovery to ensure high-quality, uninterrupted services. 

High port density, line-rate performance and high resiliency 

are all critical requirements for cell site aggregation to ensure 

scaling of both services and subscribers without compromising 

multi-service performance. 

SyncE and/or ITU-T 1588v2 are implemented at the cell site 

aggregation to provide carrier-class synchronization. Since 

there are technical and financial advantages and disadvantages 

associated with each type of implementation, mobile operators 

must consider their options based on their specific requirements. 

When using SyncE, the aggregation routers are SyncEenabled 

and derive their clock source from a BITS (Building 

Integrated Timing System) device. 

Ring resiliency protocols implemented include EAPS and G.8032 

for time-sensitive services such as voice. MPLS-TP is enabled 

from the cell site router through the cell site aggregation router 

at the aggregation network to the IP/MPLS packet core. 


The mobile core, typically a Multi Protocol Label Switching 

(MPLS) network, includes the packet core, mobile service core 

and data center. The packet core provides high-speed connectivity 

between the aggregation network and the mobile service 

core. The primary function of the mobile service core is to provide 

call completion of voice services. The data center provides 

value-added services such as instant messaging or text services, 

voice mail and other similar applications. 

3


OAM 

TIMING 

2G/3G/4G 

Resiliency 

Ethernet Mobile Backhaul Advanced Standards and Protocols 

Cell Site Cell Site Aggregation 

Cell Site 

Router 


Cell-Site 

Aggregation 

Router 

IEEE 802.3ah IEEE 802.3ah 

IEEE 802.1ag 

ITU-T Y.1731 

ITU-T G.8262 Synchronous Ethernet 

EAPS (RFC 3619), ITU G.8032 

Aggregation 

Hub 

Resilient 

Synchronous 



Timing System 

IEEE 1588 v2 

MPLS-TP IP/MPLS 

T1/E1 

over 

Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber 

Physical 

Copper 

Ethernet 

over 

Copper/Fiber 

Gigabit Ethernet over Microwave 

Gigabit Ethernet Rings 

over Fiber 

Stratum Timing 

Figure 2. Ethernet Mobile Backhaul Advanced Standards and Protocols 

Extreme Networks Ethernet Mobile 

Backhaul Solution 

Extreme Networks Ethernet mobile backhaul solution will 

include the E4G family, currently scheduled to be available in 

2011, which is comprised of the E4G-200 cell site router and E4G- 

400 cell site aggregation router, running under one operating 

system, ExtremeXOS. 

Extreme Networks mobile backhaul solution will address the 

requirements of mobile operators that are building out their 

next-generation mobile networks. Extreme Networks mobile 

backhaul solution will provide high bandwidth and services 

scalability, resiliency, predictable performance of real-time 

services and operational simplicity throughout the services 

lifecycle. 

Extreme Networks E4G-200 Cell Site Router 

The highly scalable E4G-200 cell-site router will provide 16 T1/ 

E1 ports and 12 resilient synchronous Gigabit Ethernet ports. 

The E4G-200 cell-site router will provide high-performance 

pseudowire capability, supporting both CESoPSN (framed and 



5555-01 

channelized) and SAToP (unframed and unchannelized) TDM 

services. Pseudowire is designed to convert TDM T1/E1 connections 

from 2G and 3G services to Ethernet mobile backhaul with 

full line-rate GbE access over fiber or microwave. This enables 

the simultaneous support of 2G, 3G and 4G services on the 

same Ethernet mobile backhaul network. Its wire-speed performance 

designed to efficiently handle multiple traffic types, 

coupled with support for IPv6, will make the E4G-200 highly 

suitable for delivering bandwidth-intensive services to a large 

and growing mobile subscriber base. 

The E4G-200 will provide service resiliency by supporting both 

EAPS and G.8032. (See technology sidebar.). Both of these protocols 

enable service continuity across alternate routes when 

a link in a ring fails. As a superset of G.8032, Extreme Networks 

EAPS is a proven and highly scalable resilient Ethernet ring 

protocol which has undergone more than seven years of development 

optimization and is deployed in thousands of rings in 

carrier networks around the world today. 

4


Extreme Networks E4G-200 will support both ITU-T G.8261 

Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588v2 to deliver synchronization 

for voice and real-time data services. Service assurance will 

be enhanced through advanced OAM capabilities including IEEE 

802.3ah Link OAM, ITU-T Y.1731 Performance Monitoring and 

MPLS-TP. 

E4G-400 Cell Site Aggregation Router 

The E4G-400 serves as a highly scalable cell site aggregation 

router with 24 GbE ports and two 10-GbE ports in a 1RU form 

factor. Additionally, the E4G-400 router will provide an optional 

16-port T1/E1 interface module to provide the pseudowire 

capability that may be required at various points in the network 

(i.e. where 2G/3G radio towers are co-located with the cell site 

aggregation router). The E4G aggregation router will offer 

services capacity as well as subscriber scalability through its 

line-rate GbE and 10 GbE performance and support for IPv6. 

Multiple resilient synchronous Gigabit Ethernet rings can be 

provisioned to support thousands of cell sites due to the linerate 

performance and outstanding port density, and through its 

support for EAPS and ITU-T G.8032. 

For end-to-end clock synchronization to deliver predictable 

multi-service performance, the E4G-400 router will support ITU- 

T G.8261 Synchronous Ethernet and will utilize Symmetricom’s 

Time Provider 5000 as the master clock source. IEEE 1588 will 

also be supported, and one or both of these protocols can be 

utilized depending on the deployment scenario, giving mobile 

operators the flexibility to choose the option that best suits 

their needs. 

For service assurance and management of SLAs, 

Extreme Networks E4G-400 router will support advanced OAM 

capabilities including IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM, IEEE 802.1ag 

Service OAM and ITU-T Y.1731 Performance Monitoring. The 

E4G-400 will also support MPLS-TP, designed to provide a costeffective 

and resilient mobile backhaul network that connects 

to the widely deployed MPLS mobile core infrastructure. 


Simplified Operations via a Single Modular 

Operating System 

ExtremeXOS Operating System 

Extreme Networks E4G Family for Ethernet mobile backhaul 

share the same software foundation, the ExtremeXOS® operating 

system (OS), built to enhance availability. OS modularity 

allows upgrades with no or minimal service interruptions. A 

common operating system simplifies operations and saves 

time by eliminating the need for mobile operators to manage 

multiple OS images. 

ExtremeXOS stands out as a real alternative to closed proprietary 

systems that limit choice and flexibility. By expanding on 

its open interfaces based on an XML API via the XML Software 

Development Kit (SDK), mobile operators will be able to integrate 

Extreme Networks E4G Family with third-party management 

applications and/or provisioning tools. 

Mobile Backhaul Applications 

Extreme Networks Ethernet mobile backhaul solution supports a 

variety of applications. This section provides sample network configurations 

and recommended products for these applications. 

Application 1: 

Resilient Microwave Access Rings 

Microwave radios are widely deployed in places where fiber is 

not readily available. With the implementation of EAPS or G.8032, 

highly resilient microwave access rings can be built, providing high 

service availability which is difficult to achieve with point-to-point 

configurations. Extreme Networks E4G-200 cell site routers will be 

deployed at the cell sites and the E4G-400 router will be utilized for 

microwave cell-site aggregation. No changes are required at the 

radio tower. The combination of high resiliency, bandwidth capacity 

and port density coupled with predictable multi-service performance 

enabled by SyncE can provide mobile operators a scalable, 

reliable and cost-efficient microwave backhaul solution. 

5


2G/3G/4G 

2G/3G/4G 

Resilient Microwave Access Ring Reference Architecture 

Cell Site Microwave Cell-Site Aggregation 

E4G-200 

Microwave 

E4G-200 

Microwave 

PRIMARY PATH 

G.8032 

or 

EAPS 

SECONDARY PATH 

E4G-400 

Stratum 

Timing 


Timing System 

Resilient Synchronous 


Figure 3. Resilient Microwave Access Ring Solution 

Key Technology: RFC 3619 Ethernet 

Automatic Protection Switching Protocol 

(EAPS) 

Extreme Networks EAPS (IETF RFC 3619) is an industry-leading 

resilient Ethernet ring protocol originally designed to overcome 

the limitations of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in delivering the 

level of resiliency required for real-time applications. EAPS is a 

superset of G.8032, providing protection switching for link or 

node failures. With EAPS, priority domains can be established 

and upon detection of a node or link failure, convergence and 

restoration will take place to service the higher priority domains 

first. This is useful for larger service networks that support thousands 

of VLANs. 

Key Technology: ITU-T G.8032 Ethernet Ring 

Protection Switching (ERPS) 

G.8032 is an Automatic Protection Switching protocol (APS) 

designed to protect Ethernet rings with multiple nodes from 

failures, providing service continuity across alternate routes 

when a link or node fails. The mechanism has been designed to 

provide 50ms protection switching by configuring primary and 

secondary paths and to support multiple rings and domains. 

A 50ms recovery time is required to ensure the quality of voice 

and other real-time services. The protocol also ensures that 

there are no loops formed in the ring. 

2G/3G/4G 2G/3G/4G 2G/3G/4G 

E4G-400 

E4G-400 


Packet Core 

Network 


2G/3G/4G 


Core 

Data Center 

Switch 

Servers and 

Storage 


Center 

5542-01 

Key Technology: Synchronous Ethernet (ITU-T 

G.8261) 

Synchronization in wireless networks is required for smooth 

hand-offs between base stations to ensure the quality of realtime 

services. Because of the asynchronous nature of Ethernet, 

ITU-T G.8261 Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE) was introduced to 

provide the same predictable timing function found in TDMbased 

systems. A reference timing signal, which is derived from 

an incoming clock source such as a Building Integrated Timing 

System (BITS) port, is fed into a SyncE-enabled device. SyncE 

uses the physical layer of the Ethernet link to distribute the clock 

frequency among the nodes in the network and provides deterministic 

frequency distribution independent of the traffic load. 

SyncE also eliminates the need for expensive GPS units at each 

radio tower, allowing carriers to reduce their CapEx. 

6


Application 2: Multi-RAN Architecture 

Widely deployed 2G and 3G base stations continue to require 

TDM connectivity while more new radio towers are being 

deployed for LTE and WiMAX services. In this application, 

Extreme Networks E4G-200 cell site router provides high-performance 

pseudowire capability, converting TDM T1/E1 connections 

from 2G and 3G services to Ethernet mobile backhaul with 

full line-rate GbE access over fiber or copper. This enables the 

simultaneous support of 2G, 3G and 4G services on the same 

2G 

Cell Site Cell-Site Aggregation Mobile Core 

T1/E1/ 


3G 

4G 

T1/E1 


E4G-200 

Pseudowire 

Emulation 

E4G-400 

Figure 4. Extreme Networks Multi-RAN Solution 

Key Technology: Pseudowire 


(Fiber or 

Copper) 

T1/E1/ 


2G/3G/4G 

The primary function of pseudowire technology is to allow 

TDM services to be delivered over packet networks. It supports 

framed and unframed services, with or without packet channelization. 

Structured Agnostic Transport over Packets (SAToP) 

and Circuit Emulation Services over Packet Switched Network 

(CESoPSN) are two types of services supported—CESoPSN 

supports framed and channelized TDM services and SAToP 

supports unframed, unchannelized services. Pseudowire 

involves the packetization and encapsulation of traffic, smoothing 

of Packet Delay Variations (PDV), compensation for frame 

loss and out-of-order packets and the regeneration of original 

TDM timing. 

Multi-RAN 

Resilient 

Synchronous 

Gigabith Ethernet 


Ethernet mobile backhaul network. For end-to-end synchronization 

of real-time services, the E4G-400 cell-site aggregation 

routers will be SyncE-enabled. Symmetricom’s Time Provider 

5000 serves as the master clock source. At the aggregation hub, 

the E4G-400 will provide 10 GbE access to the mobile core. 

By leveraging existing equipment and converging multiple 

generations of services over a common mobile backhaul infrastructure, 

mobile operators can achieve efficiency and reduce 

costs while migrating to the next-generation mobile network 

with ease. 

E4G-400 

E4G-400 

E4G-400 

BITS: 

Stratum 

Timing 

XXX 

TimeProvider 5000 



IMC 090-50331-01-2 

IMC 090-50331-01-2 

IMC 090-50331-01-2 

XXX XXX Q 

Q 

Q 

XXX XXX 

XXX XXX 

XXX XXX 

Xxxx Xxxx 

Xxxx Xxxx 

Xxxx Xxxx 

Q 

Xxxx Xxxx 

Xxxx Xxxx 

Xxxx Xxxx 

XXX 

Symmetricom 

Time Provider 

5000 

Packet Core 

Network 

2G/3G/4G 


Core 

Data Center 

Switch 

Servers and 

Storage 


Center 

5541-01 

Key Technology: Precision Time Protocol 

(IEEE 1588v2) 

Base stations require sub-microsecond precision of timing 

synchronization in order to avoid service disruptions. Precision 

Time Protocol (PTP) is an industry-standard protocol that uses 

time stamps to synchronize network elements with a master 

clock. It includes determining the master clock and correcting 

time skews resulting from clock offsets or delays in the network. 

Unlike SyncE, which only distributes frequency, PTP distributes 

both time and frequency. PTP can be used in conjunction with 

SyncE in a hybrid mode, allowing accurate frequency to be obtained 

through SyncE and accurate Time of Day to be obtained 

through 1588v2. 

7


Key Technology: IEEE 802.1ag Service OAM 

A number of Operations, Administration and Management 

(OAM) protocols have been established to successfully install, 

manage and troubleshoot Ethernet networks. They include 

mechanisms for link discovery and monitoring as well as remote 

fault detection and loopback capabilities. 802.1ag Service 

OAM provides these mechanisms on a per Ethernet Virtual 

Circuit (EVC) basis, allowing service providers to determine 

which subscriber(s) may have been affected by an EVC failure. 

The health of an EVC is monitored by periodically sending 

continuity check messages from one end to the other in the 

EVC path. Link Trace (which determines intermediate nodes 

between two points) and loopbacks are used for fault isolation 

and help service providers decide optimum ways to reroute 

around the failure. 

Key Technology: IEEE 802.3ah Link OAM 

802.3ah Link OAM is designed to detect and troubleshoot 

single Ethernet links and is typically used for Ethernet links in 

the first mile. In a mobile network, the first mile spans the link 

from the radio tower to the Cell-Site Router, the device that provides 

access to the Ethernet mobile backhaul. 802.3ah provides 

mechanisms for link discovery and fault isolation as well as local 

and remote loopback capabilities. When a failure is detected, 

the end-point device is set in a loopback mode which clears 

with recovery. 

Key Technology: ITU-T Y.1731 Performance 

Monitoring 

ITU-T Y.1731 is an advanced network performance monitoring 

standard which defines measurements such as frame loss 

ratio, frame delay and frame delay variation (or “jitter”) which 

are particularly important for latency-sensitive services such 

as real-time video and voice. Performance monitoring allows 

service providers to enforce and manage Service Level Agreements 

(SLAs) as well as assist in network capacity planning. 

Corporate 

and North America 

Extreme Networks, Inc. 

3585 Monroe Street 

Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA 

Phone +1 408 579 2800 

Key Technology: MPLS-TP (Multiprotocol 

Label Switching – Transport Profile) 

MPLS-TP, currently being defined by IETF, is a set of protocols 

based on the widely deployed MPLS technology that enables 

a simplified, cost-effective and scalable connection-oriented 

packet transport network that is comparable to SONET/SDH in 

terms of reliability and monitoring capabilities. Fundamental to 

this effort is the development of extensive OAM and resiliency 

capabilities to enable true carrier-grade transport networks. 

OAM functions are built into the MPLS-TP data plane, independent 

of the control plane. MPLS-TP is physical layer agnostic, 

allowing MPLS-TP packets to be delivered over a variety of 

physical infrastructures including Ethernet. Through simplification, 

MPLS-TP is designed to engender CapEx and OpEx savings 

for mobile operators. 

Summary 

Extreme Networks Ethernet mobile backhaul solution for 

next-generation mobile networks are designed for the unique 

demands of mobile operators. Our solution is powerful and 

feature-rich, offering resilient synchronous Gigabit Ethernet to 

provide support for multiple generations of services. Mobile 

operators can lower their capital and operational expenses 

by reducing the number of network elements and simplifying 

operations. Our solution will help enable mobile operators to 

deliver a network that is optimized for the new mobile world of 

man and machine, providing pervasive access, awareness and 

control, from the converged edge to the cloud. 

Europe, Middle East, Africa 

and South America 

Phone +31 30 800 5100 

Asia Pacific 

Phone +65 6836 5437 

Japan 

Phone +81 3 5842 4011 

extremenetworks.com 

© 2011 Extreme Networks, Inc. All rights reserved. Extreme Networks, the Extreme Networks logo, ExtremeWorks and ExtremeXOS are either registered trademarks or trademarks of 

Extreme Networks, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the trademarks of their respective owners. Specifications are subject to change without 

notice. 1748_02 09/11

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