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clave ilustrada para los mosquitos anofelinos de sudamerica oriental

clave ilustrada para los mosquitos anofelinos de sudamerica oriental

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INTRODUCCION<br />

Esta <strong>clave</strong> <strong>ilustrada</strong> trata <strong>de</strong> 10s 53 especies <strong>de</strong> ;ZnopheZes que se&n informes se ocurren en 10s<br />

cinco paises constando <strong>de</strong> Sudamerica <strong>oriental</strong> (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Paraguay, Uruguay). Los anof-<br />

elinos <strong>de</strong> esta region es&r asociados en 10s cic<strong>los</strong> naturales <strong>de</strong> las siguientes enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s.<br />

PALUDISMO. D es e<br />

d 1 a e’poca <strong>de</strong> la Exploraci6n espaxola, no ha pasado ni un aZo sin epi<strong>de</strong>’mias <strong>de</strong><br />

paludismo en algun lugar en este Area vasto, <strong>de</strong> la costa <strong>de</strong> Brasil hasta 2.000 metros y mGs en la Cor-<br />

dillera <strong>de</strong> Argentina y Bolivia. El paludismo ha sido un factor retardativo mayor en el <strong>de</strong>sarollo econ6mico<br />

<strong>de</strong> estas cinco naciones. Los par&itos m&s importantes son Plasmodium falciparum y P. vivax. Los vet-<br />

tores principales son Anopheles darlingi, A. pseudopunctipennis y il. aquasalis. A. gambiae, un vector<br />

afri can0 muy efi ciente, fue’ introducido a Brasil en 1930. Antes que se lo erradic6 <strong>de</strong> Brasil unos 10 aFios<br />

<strong>de</strong>spue’s, esta especie fuk responsable <strong>para</strong> la transmisidn <strong>de</strong> muchas miles <strong>de</strong> infecciones paltidicas.<br />

Paludismo no es problema en Uruguay y el sur <strong>de</strong> Argentina.<br />

FILARIXSIS DE BANCROFT. Bien que las especies <strong>de</strong> Culexy illansonia son 10s vectores m6s impor-<br />

tantes in Brasil, hay alguna evi<strong>de</strong>ncia indicando que Anopheles darlingi y A. aquasalispue<strong>de</strong>n ser vec-<br />

tores tambi e’n.<br />

Otras enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s transmitidas por <strong>mosquitos</strong> en Sudame’rica <strong>oriental</strong> son DENGUE y FIEBRE<br />

AMARILLA.<br />

Otras enfermeda<strong>de</strong>s asociadas con vectores son las portadas por pulgas (PESTE, TIFO MuRINO),<br />

portada por garapatas (FIEBRE RECURRENTE), portadas por dcpteros (DISENTERIA BACILAR, hIIASIS<br />

y LEISH~IANIASIS), portada por hemtpteros (TRIPANOSOMJASIS AMERICANA), portadas por piojos<br />

(FIEBRE RECURRENTE y TIFO EPIDEMICO), portadas par roedores (FIEBRE MORDEDURA DE RATA,<br />

CORIO?ilE~IKGITIS LINFOCITICX, SALhlONELOSIS, LEPTOSPIROSIS, MELIOIDOSIS y FIEBRE HEhI-<br />

ORRAGICA BOLIVIANA), y portadas porp&jaros (ORNITOSIS, PSITACOSIS~ HISTOPLASMOSIS).<br />

Hay muchos animales venenosos invertebrados y vertebrados en Sudame’rica <strong>oriental</strong>.<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

This illustrated key treats the 53 species of Anopheles reported to occur in the five countries<br />

comprising eastern South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay). The anophelines of<br />

this region are involved in the natural cycles of the following diseases.<br />

hIALARIA. Since the time of the Spanish Exploration, not a year has passed without epi<strong>de</strong>mics of<br />

malaria somewhere in this vast area, from the coast of Brazil to 7000 or more feet in the An<strong>de</strong>s of<br />

Argentina and Bolivia. Malaria has been a major retarding factor in the economic <strong>de</strong>velopment of these<br />

five nations. The most important <strong>para</strong>sites are Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax. The most important<br />

vectors are Anopheles darlingi, A. pseudopunctipennis and A. aquasalis. A. gambiae, a very efficient<br />

African vector, was introduced into Brazil in 1930. Before it was eradicated from Brazil some 10 years<br />

later, this species was responsible for the transmission of many thousands of malaria infections. Malaria<br />

is no problem in Uruguay and southern Argentina.<br />

BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS. Although species of Culex and Mansonia are the most important<br />

vectors of filariasis in Brazil, there is some evi<strong>de</strong>nce indicating that Anopheles darlingi and A. aquasalis<br />

may also be vectors.<br />

Other mosquito-borne diseases in eastern South America are DENGUE' and YELLON FEVER.<br />

Other vector-associated diseases are PLAGUE and MURINE TYPHUS (flea-borne), RELAPSING<br />

FEVER (tick-borne), SHIGELLOSIS, MYIASIS, and LEISHhlANIASIS (fly-borne), CHAGAS DISEASE (bug-<br />

borne), RELAPSING FEVER and EPIDEhlIC TYPHUS (1 ouse-borne), RAT-BITE FEVER, LYMPHOCYTIC<br />

CHORIOhlENI~GITIS,SALhlOhTELLOSIS,LEPTOSPIROSIS,hlELIOIDOSIS andBOLIVIAK HEMORRHAGIC<br />

FEVER (ro<strong>de</strong>nt-b orne), and ORNITHOSIS, PSITTACOSIS and HISTOPLAShlOSIS (bird-borne).<br />

There are many venomous invertebrate and vertebrate animals in eastern South America.<br />

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