http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kxt71b00/pdf

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kxt71b00/pdf

SY1fBOLES ET ABREVIATIONS D'USAGE COURANT 

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS IX COMMON US E 

ampere : A 

angstrom : A 

are : a 

alternating current : a .c . 

active ingredient : a .i . 

aqueous aq . 

atmosphere : atm . 

average- : av . 

(low frequency) : BF 

boiling point : b .p. 

degree Celsius : ' C 

(altervaung current 

(direct current) : c .c . 

calorie cal 

candela : cd 

confer cf . 

centigramme : cg 

curie : Ci 

centimetre : cm 

coefficient : coeff. 

concentration : conc. 

constant : cte 

cultivar : cv. 

density : d 

direct current : d.c. 

diameter d"un' 

(lethal dose 50 %) : DL. 

dry matter : D .M . 

(optical density) : D .O . 

exemp(i gratin : e .g. 

et alia : et at. 

electron volt : eV 

gramme : g 

constant of : g 

gravitation 

gas liquid : GLC 

chromatography 

hour : h 

hectare : he 

high frequency HF 

(relative humidity) h .r. 

id est : i.e. 

infra-red : IR 

international unit : IU 

degree Kelvin : ' K 

kilogramme : kg 

litre : I 

lethal dose 50 % : I.D. 

low frequency : LF 

least significant : LSD 

difference 

ampere 

angstrom 

ar e 

(mwwt altertuun 

(matiere active) 

aqueu x 

atmosphere 

(moyen) 

basse frequence 

(point d'ebullition) 

degrd Celsius 

courant alternatif 

courant continu 

calori e 

candela 

confer 

centigramme 

curie 

centimetre 

coefficient 

concentration 

constante 

cultivar 

densite 

(courant continu) 

diametre 

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kxt71b00/pdf 

dose lethale 50 % 

(matiere seche) 

densite optique 

exempli gratin 

at alia 

electron volt 

gramme 

acceleration du e 

at la pesanteur 

(chromatographic 

gagdiquide) 

heure 

hectare 

haute frtquence 

humidite relative 

id a t 

infra rouge 

I umte imemeuonae) 

degre Kelvin 

kilogramme 

litr e 

(dose lethale 50%) 

(basse frequence) 

plus peute mftereac 

ugturtuave 

neaaa noonu 

wavelength : a : longueur d'onde 

molar conic : M : conc. molaire 

metre : m : metre 

square metre : m' : metre cane 

cubic metre : m' : metre cube 

(active ingredient) ma . : matiere active 

maximum : max . : maximum 

milli-equivalent : meq . : milliequivalent 

minimum : min . : minimum 

minute min : minute 

millilitre : ml : millilitre 

(average) : moy . : moye n 

melting point : M .P . : (point de fusion) 

(dry matter) : M .S . : matiere seche 

molecular weight : M .W . : (coma mold iur m 

micron : p : micron 

normal conc. N : conc. normale 

number : nb . 

optical density : O .D. 

optimum : opt. 

ohm : R 

pressure intensity : p 

(boiling point) : P .C. 

melting point p .f. 

(molecular weight) : P.M . 

pan per million : ppm 

(venus) : p.r. 

nombre 

(densite optique) 

optimum 

ohm 

pression 

point d'ebullition 

point de fusion 

poids mollculaire 

partie par million 

par rapport Is 

(respiratory : QR quotient 

quotient) respiratoire 

rontgen : R : rontge n 

relative humidity : r .h. : (humidite relative) 

revoluuoo Per minute : .p .m . (tour par minute) 

respiratory : RQ : (quotient 

quotient respiratoire 

second : s : seconde 

solution : sol . : solution 

species : sp. : specie s 

metric ton : T : tonne 

(revolution per minute) : t.p .m. : tour par minute 

temperature : temp. temperature 

thin layer : TLC : (chrommgraplue mr 

chromatography couche mince) 

International unit) : UT : unite internationale 

ultra-violet UV : ultra violet 

volt : V : volt 

variety : var. : variete 

volume : vol . : volum e 

venus : vs . : (par rapport a) 

I

ABSTRACTS 

Physics and Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Biochemistry and Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Genetics and Breeding _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Agronomy-General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

4grbnomy-Fertilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Agronomy{ultural practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Pathology-Pests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Pathology-Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Virology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Technology-Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Technology-Industry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Pharmacology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Title references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 


COOPERATION CENTRE 

FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARC H 

RELATIVE TO TOBACCO 

ABSTRACTS 3601-3805 

REFERENCES 3806-400 0 

ANALYSES 

63 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PhysicoChimie 

79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Biochimie-Biologie 

96 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Genetique et Selection 

110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomie-Gfneralites 

116 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomie-Fertilisation 

120 . . . . . . . . . . . . Agronomic-Pratiques culturales 

125 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pathologic-Parasites 

136 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pathologic-Maladies 

147 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Virologie 

157 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technologie-Agricole 

162 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Technologie-Industrielle 

166 . . . . .. Phatmacologie 

173 . . . . . . . . . . . . . References signaldtiques 

195 . . . . . . INDEX D'AUTEUR S 

Head 011.ce : Site 5ocu1 

53 . Ouu dOruy . 7910 hrnr Cedes 07 

CENTRE DE COOPERATION POUR 

LES RECHERCHES SCIENTIFIOUES 

RELATIVES AU TABAC

NOUVELLES DU CORESTA 

NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS 

RAPPORT GENERAL sur L'EPIDEMIE de MILDIOU du TABAC en 1881 

(ZONE EURO-MEDITERRANEENNE ) 

GEA'ERAL REPORT on the ig81 TOBACCO BLUE MOLD EPIDEMIC 

(EURO-MEDITERRANEAN ZONE ) 

Pierre RA Y 

The following table gives the dates of the I Le tableau ci-dessous donne les dates des 

first outbreaks of blue mold (in the seedbed premieres apparitions du mildiou (sur seand 

in the field) as communicated by our mis et sur champs) telles qu'elles nous ont 

correspondents in the countries cooperating ete communiquees par nos correspondants, 

in the Warning Service. dans les pays qui cooperent au Service 

d'Avertissement . 

Date of firs t 

appearance j 


in q I 

seedbeds in the fields! COUNTRY REGION 

Date de la premiere sur semis I en champs PAYS REGION ou VILLE 

annanrin n 

MARS 2 I x MAROC I NORD (SIDI REDONE) 

AVRIL 5 x SYRIE DJEBLE H 

9 x TURQUIE MUGL A 

10 It TUNISIE KELIBI A 

12 z - IRAN MAZANDAPA N 

20 x CHYPRE PAPHO S 

24 + x (?) - I IRAK NORD 

26 x - 1 ESPAGNE SEVILLE 

27 x I ITALIE SCAFATI 

MAI x I ALGERIE ANNAB A 

8 - x i TUNISIE TABARK A 

14 x GRECE AGRINIO N 

14 - z GRECE ARGOS 

14 - x IRAN MAZANDARA N 

15 - x MAROC EL MOUDZIN E 

19 x P ORTUGAL ESTRAMADURA 

21 ? URSS REP. ABKHAZIE 

25 - x CHYPRE PAPHO S 

26 x TURQUIE MANIS A 

3 

2347633

Date of first i n 

appearance seedbeds in the fields PAYS REGIO N 

Date de Is premiere sur semis en champs COUNTRY REGION ou VILLE 

apparitio n 

JUIN 4 IT .ALIE LECC E 

5 x YOUGOSLAVIE HERZEGOVIN E 

10 URSS KRASNODA R 

23 x YOUGOSLAVIE PRILE P 

23 x POLOGNE SUD-EST 

24 x HONGRIE NORD-ES T 

20 ROUMANIE OLTENI E 

29 x BULGARIE I NORD-OUES T 

30 R .F .A . PALATINAT 

JUILLET 3 

8 

11 

15 

x 

x 

x 

x 

TCHECOSLOVA- TREBISO V 

QUIE ' 

SUISSE TESSI N 

AUTRICHE STYRI E 

ESPAGNE NAVARR E 

19 

22 

28 

x 

x 

FRANCE 

BELGIQUE 

NORD 

FLANDRE OCCIDENT A 

LE 

SC H W ED T 

GENERAL REMARKS : 

The 198] epidemic appears to have been 

characterized by the following points : 

mild outbreaks throughout Europe and 

the Mediterranean basin (except in a few 

very localized places and on very restricted 

areas) , 

the spectacular effect of Ridomil in 

certain countries ; however, blue mould 

appeared late in the season, which may 

reveal an adaptation of the pathogen , 

an obvious phenomenon of synchronization 

along the meridian zone comprising Poland, 

Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania, 

Bulgaria and Yugoslav Macedonia ; in this 

north-south zone blue mould was reported 

practically simultaneously in fields at the 

end of June and early July. 

In Morocco : blue mould appeared on the 

2nd Marc;, (therefore nearly three weeks 

iCttr Ihan in 1980), on seedbeds at Sidi 

Rcdomne (Ouezzane region) to the north 

of the colon", m the southern foothills of 

x)10 Ri, a vas not observed until the 

20,h April un the centre of the country on 

eecdbeds m the region of El Ha jeb , it 

~~as again obs eared in seedbeds in the 

Chaotic,1 ' 2tou an the Rd nmumains 

:ITC nl' 

. in 

a absnsed ohe 7th Slav. It ,as ooh 

E tli t 

npcrnnrniat SratHd at the El Moud-ine 

it ea ., m all [Ile tll Ala" 

June in the Rif. The sudden 


REMARQUES GENERALES : 

II semble que 1'epiphytie 81 puisse titre 

caracterisee par 

une faible intensite des attaques, ou que 

cc soit en Europe et dans It Bassin Me . 

diterraneen (sauf en quelques points tres 

localises et sur de routes petites surfaces) . 

une action spectaculaire du Ridomil dans 

cenains pays . avec cependant une appari . 

tion tardive du mildiou, cc qui correspond 

peut2tre a une adaptation du pathogene . 

un phenomene de synchronisation evident 

le long et de pan et d'autre du meridien, 

interessant Is Pologne, la Tchecoslovaquie, 

la Hongrie, la Roumanie, Is Bulgarie et ]a 

Macedoine Yougoslave : dans cette zone 

Nord-Sud, It mildiou a ete signale quasi 

simultanement sur Its plantations, fin Juin 

debut Juillet . 

* 

Au Maroc : It mildiou apparait It 2 Mars 

(donc avec pres de 3 semaines de retard 

par rapport a 1980) sur les semis de Sidi 

Redouane (region d'Ouezzane) dans It Nord 

du pays sur Its contreforts Sud du Rif 

it n'apparait que It 20 Avril Bans It Cem 

tre, sur les semis de la region d'EI Haieb 

et se manifeste a nouveau dans le Nord . 

en plem massif du Rif sur Its semis de 

la region de Chaouen It , Mai . II napparail 

sur champ quit Is Station Experimem 

tale dEl Moudzine le Ii Mai et dans le 

massif du Rif. debut Join. A partir du 

10 Juin, la brusque montee des tempera- 

2347634

ise in temperature which started on the 

10th June, accompanied' by a period of 

Chergui (south-east wind) put an end to 

the epidemic . 

The weather conditions prevailing in the 

last half of March and in April were favourable 

to the parasite . Outbreaks were at 

first mild on 2 to 4 leaf plantlets (untreated 

seedbeds) but became more virulent as 

a result of weather conditions : in spite 

of tilts, less than 3 °o of the seedbeds were 

destroyed so the planting programme was 

unaffected . 

Nei growers do not yet have sufficient 

equipment the m6re experienced ones 

have it : but none of them was aware of 

the need to sterilize compost : on the other 

hand, stalks sere upraottd after the last 

Drilling. seedbed sites are rotated, seed . 

beds are laid down over a period of time 

and preventive treatments are applied (at 

leas: by the older growers), less irrigation 

is given after emergence : seedbeds are 

treated vith dirhiocarbamates twice a week 

Ian additional treatment being given after 

each ramfalll. 

Outbreaks in the field were mild : the 

fields affected had generally been planted 

earl, and were located in damp places with 

poor circulation of air : the infested bottom 

leaves were removed and buried . 

Losses due to blue mould in 1981 may be 

considered as negligible . 

Onl, one variety of Nicotiana tabacum is 

ero,,n non' B59 (a stabilized hybrid of 

Burley Judy's Pride x Hicks resistant) . 

In the south (Agadir region) N . rustics 

(variety Zlag) is grown . 

In Algeria seedbeds were attacked only 

at the time of transplanting (April . May) 

and only in regions where tomatoes were 

e town . 

41lrracol was used for treatments . 

In Tunisia blue mould was reported on 

the 10th April, in the north-east on seed . 

beds of Nicotiana tabacum and N . rustics . 

and then on the 8th May on fields of N . 

iaoacum m the north .v'est . 

It. L :bva : blue mould ,as not reported 

nr.s ,ea r 

In Israel no blue mould was reported 

this ear 


Lures fide a one vague de Chergui (vent 

du Sud-Est) stoppe ('epidemic . 

Les conditions meteorologiques. qui ont 

prevalu dans les derrieres decades de Mars 

et pendant le mois d'Avril . ont favorise 

le pathogene, dont les attaques, faibles au 

debut sur les plants de 2 a 4 feuilles (semis 

non traites) sont devenues plus virulentes 

par Is suite malgre tout, it y a eu moins 

de 3 % des semis detruits, ce qui n'a pas 

du tout gene le programme de plantation . 

Si les nouveaux planteurs ne sont pas encore 

suffisamment equipes . les ancients le 

sont. mais Is sterilisation des terreaux reste 

ignoree de tour 1 par contre, les sou . 

ches sont arrachees apres Is derriere cueillette, 

Is rotation des emplacements de se . 

mis est pratiquee . I'etablissement des se . 

mis est echelonne. les traitements prevem 

tits soot Bien suivis (du moins par les 

anciens planteurs Bien equipes(, les arrosages 

sont reduits spires Is levee ; les semis 

sont traites sox dithiocarbamates 2 fois 

par semaine, (on traitement supplemental . 

re etant effectue apres chaque pluie) . 

Les attaques sur champs ont ete benignes 

les plantations attaquees etaient generalement 

precoces, situees dans des parcelles 

humides et peu agrees ; les feuilles basses 

atteintes ont ete arrachees et enterrees . 

Les penes dues au mildiou en 1981 peuvent 

dire considerees comme negligeable s 

tine seule variete de Nicotiana tabacum est 

actuellement cultivee : Is B59 (hvbride 

stabilise de Burley Judy's Pride et de 

Hick's resistant) . Dais le Sud du pays . 

(region d'Agadir). on cultive le N. rustics 

(variete ZIag) . 

En Algerie les semis n'ont ete attaques 

qu'au moment de Is transplantation (April . 

Mai) et dans es seules regions ou Is tomate 

est cultivee . 

Les traitements sont faits a l'Antracol . 

En Tunisie le mildiou a ete si¢nale It 

10 Avril, dans le Nord-Est sur les semis 

de Nicotiana tabacum et de N . natica . 

puts le 8 Mai sur his plantations de N 

tabacum dans le Nord .Ouest . 

En Libve : le mildiou n'a pas ere sicnalc 

cette annee . 

En Israel : on ne signale pas de mildiou 

cette annec . 

In Jordan no blue mould vas observed En lordonie suture apparition de mildiou 

tit, ear. I eerie annee . 

5 

2347635

In Lebanon : outbreaks were very mild, 

probably due to wedher conditions, which 

were unfavourable to the pathogen : less 

than I % of the areas planted were affect . 

ed, and it is believed that the fields at . 

tacked were those whose owners were unable 

to treat them in time, owing to the unfortunate 

events in Lebanon : as a result 

of these only half the normal area was 

put down to tobacco. 

In Syria : scattered patches of blue mould 

were observed on the 5th April on 8 m' 

of seedbeds in a humid area m the Djebleh 

region. roe the north of Lebanon, on the 

var. burley . 

No outbreaks were reported on the 13 .000 ha 

of crops . 

Preventive treatments were applied to seed. 

beds and in the field with mancozeb given 

free to growers for seedbeds. and sold at 

cost price for fields. Weather conditions 

were not favourable to the pathogen . 

In Irak blue mould was not reported 

until the end of April in the north of 

the country or Girdjan and Bakrano (Sulamaniah 

district), at Koisanjaq (Erbil district) 

and at Sakho (Duhok district) ; 

infestation was mild to moderate and then 

stopped . 

In Iran both seedbeds and fields were 

affected the disease was first observed 

on the Mazandaran region, to the south 

of the Caspian Sea . on the variety Trabi- 

San in the Sari district (12th April) and 

in the Tirtash area some fifty kilometers 

to the east (21st April). In May, outbreaks 

were reported in the north-east in the 

Gorgan and Minidasht areas on the varieties 

Trabusan and Basma (10th May), 

then at Tirtash again (14th May) on many 

varieties : Trabusan. Basma, Tikoulak, bur. 

ley and Virginia . Finally, early in July, 

blue mould was observed on Basma tobacco 

from Azarbayjan in the north-west of Iran, 

at Khusur. 

In Turkey : blue mould was observed on 

the 9th April (some ten days earlier than 

m 1980) in the south-west of the country 

(Muela region) on seedbeds of the var . Ka . 

rabaglar. then it moved northwards 

along the Aegean Sea : it was reported on 

the 31st May on seedbeds of the ,at . Bursa 

to the Bursa region (sea of Marmara) . It 

was also reported 800 knot to the southeast 

in the Adana region on the 15th May 

ov seedbeds of the var. Iskenderun (Gulf 

of lskenderun) . 


Au Liban les attaques du pathogene, sans 

doute gene par les conditions meteorologiques 

qui lui furent defavorables, ont etc 

tres fatbles moins de I % des superficies 

plantees ont eta atteintes et Yon estime 

que Its plantations touchees sont celles 

dont les proprietaires n'ont pu faire les 

traitements en temps voulu a cause des 

evenements douloureux que le Liban a 

connus ; cos evenements sont d'ailleurs la 

cause de Ill reduction de moitie des surfa . 

ces cultivhs en tabac . 

En Syrie le mildiou apparait de fagon 

eparse le 5 Avril sur 8 m de semis situes 

clans une zone humide de la region de 

Djebleh, au Nord du Liban, sur la ear . 

burley . 

On ne stgnale aucune attaque sur les 

13000 ha de plantations . 

Des traitements preventifs ont etc faits 

sur semis et sur champs avec du mancozebe 

distribue gratuitement aux planteurs 

pour les semis et vendu au prix de revient 

pour Ies plantations. La meteorologic a etc 

defavorable au pathogene . 

En Irak on n'a signale de mildiou que 

fin Avril, dans le Nord du pays a Girdjan 

et Bakrano (district de Sulamaniah), a 

Koisanjaq (district d'Erbil) et Sakho (district 

de Duhok) ; its attaques ont ere faibles 

a moderees, puts se sont arretees . 

En Iran : semis et plantations one etc attaques 

; le pathogene s'est d'abord manifesto 

daps le Mazandaran, au Sud de la Mer 

Caspienne, sur la variete Trabusan . dans les 

secteurs de Sari (12 Avril) et de Tirtash a 

une cinquantaine de km a 1'Est (21 Avril) . 

En Mai, des attaques etaient signalees au 

Nord-Est dans Ies secteurs de Gorgan at de 

Minidasht sur les varietes Trabusan et 

Basma (10 Mai), puis a nouveau a Tirtash 

(14 Mai) sur de nombreuses varietes 

Trabusan, Basma. Tikoulak, burley et Virginie. 

Enfin, debut Juillet . le mildiou se 

manifestait sur les tabacs Basma de ('.Azar 

bay'jan. au Nord Ouest de I'Iran, a Khusu r 

En Turquie le mildiou apparait le 9 April 

(soit une dizaine de lours plus tot qu'en 

1980) dans le Sud-Ouest du pays (region de 

Mugla) sur es semis de la var. Karabaglar. 

puts it - remonte vers It Nord tout le 

long de Ito Mer Egee on le signale le 31 

Mai sur as semis de la var. Bursa daps 

la region de Bursa (Mer de Marmaral . On 

le si¢nale aussi a 800 km au Sud-Est (dans 

la region d' .Adana). le 1 ; Mai sur les semis 

de la var. Iskenderun (golfe d'lskenderun i 

2347636

In the field. the var. Karabaglar was affected 

on the 26th May, in the Manisa 

region (Aegean Sea) : in June, fields in the 

I ✓nt region (see of Marmara) were infested. 

and in Jule fields in the regions of 

Kocaeli (var. itmit), Bursa (var. Bursa) . 

and Balikesir (var. Karabaglar) (sea of 

Marmara). In mid-July, blue mould was 

observed on crops in the Samsun and 

Amasva region (var . Tasova and Basma) 

on the shores of the Black Sea. In the 

middle of August weather conditions were 

no longer favourable to blue mould, so 

outbreaks stopped. 

On the whole, losses were assessed at 0.9 in, 

it zrh a maxitlium of 5 % to the regions along 

the Sea of Marmara and a minimum of 

0 °n in southern Anatolia . 

Duhtocarbamate 'fungicides were used. norab!y 

: .4ntracol, Dithane Z.78, Dithane M'45 

and Hekraneb . applied both on seedbeds 

and in the fields . every 4 or 5 days . 

In Cyprus : blue mould was reported on 

seedbeds in the south-west of the island 

on the 20th April (Paphos district), then 

rn the field on the 25th May in the same 

district. Damage appears to have been 

slight : Ridomi( MZ 63 was sprayed in seed . 

beds, and also sprayed and as soil drench 

in the fields . 

In Greece : blue mould was reported on 

the 14th May on seedbeds in the Agrinion 

region and on the bottom leaves of a few 

plants in early fields in the Nafplioi region 

(Peloponesusl . 

In the second half of the month the 

pathogen spread a little on bottom leaves 

in a limited number of fields, more esoectalty 

ti the regions already mentioned, 

as ',ell as in western Macedonia (Kozani 

region) . 

The 1981 epidemic was very mild and did 

not appear to have any effect either on the 

puaW" of Greek tobacco or on the volume 

of leaf harvested . 

In Yugoslavia : no outbreaks were reported 

on seedbeds. In the field, blue mould 

,,as observed on the 5th June in Bosnta- 

Hercezovma. but did not last. then on the 

1611! June in Kosovo province (Gniilane 

d:s(ncn, a,, the 230, June in Macedonia 

(Prilep region) . on the 26th June in southern 

Serbia (t'ran ;e district), then at the end 

of Anne and during the first ten does of 

July pracncalls all over the east . test and 

sou t is of the same province . Also at the 

end of lit ne blue mould ,as reported ur 

I ui+odt re provrn ce (Senra district and . 


En champs, la var. Karabaglar est attaquee 

le 26 Mai, dans IS region de Manisa (Met 

Egee) ; an Juin, Its plantations de Is re 

gion d'Izmit (Mer de Marmara) sont atta . 

quees, at an Juillet. cc sons celles des re 

gions de Kocaeli (var. Izmit), Bursa (var . 

Bursa) at Balikesir (var . Kambaglar) (Mer 

de Marmara). Le mildiou apparait a Is mi- 

Juillet sur Its plantations de Its region de 

Samsun at d'Amasya (var . Tasova at Bas. 

ma) sur Its rives de Its mer Noire . Des Its 

mi-AoUt, Its conditions meteorologiques de 

viennent defavorables au mildiou dont les 

attaques cessent . 

Au total, Its degats sont estimes a 0 .9 ii . 

avec un maximum de 5 ° dans I'ensemble 

des regions bordant la mer de Marmara at 

un minimum de 0 % dans It Sud de I'Anatolie 

. 

Les produits fongicides utilises ont etc des 

dithiocarbamates, plus specia)ement : I'Antracol, 

le Dithane Z-78. le Dithane M45 at 

l'Hektanebe appliques at sur les semis, 

at sur Its champs, a raison d'un traitement 

tous Its 4 is 5 jours . 

A Chvpre : le mildiou est signale sur les 

semis du Sud.Quest de file le 20 Avrl 

(district de Paphos), puis dans les champs 

le 25 Mai dans It meme district. Les de- 

Rats semblent faibles ; le Ridomil MZ 63 a 

etc utilise an pulverisation sur Its semis, 

an pulverisation et an arrosage du sol dans 

les champs . 

En Grace : It mildiou est signale le 14 Mai 

sur les semis de Its region d'Agrinion at 

sur les feuilles basses de quelques pieds 

dans des plantations precoces de Its region 

de Nafplion (Peloponese) . 

Dans Its seconde moitie du mois, on constate 

une Legere diffusion du pathogene sur 

Les feuilles basses dans on nombre limite 

de champs, plus specialement dans Les regions 

deia citees at an Macedoine Occiden . 

tale (region de Kozani) . 

L'epidemie 81 . tres faible, ne semble pas 

avoir eu d'influence sur Is qualite du tabac 

grec, pas plus qua sur It volume de Its recolte 

. 

En Yougoslavie : aucune attaque n'a ate 

signalee sur semis . Sur champ . le mildiou 

s'est manifests le 5 Join an Bosnie Herzegovine 

(mais sans suite) . le 16 Join dans la 

Province de Kosovo (district de Gniilane) . 

le 23 Juin en Macedoine (region de Prilepl . 

It 26 Juin au Sud de la Serbia (district de 

1'ranie). puis fin Juin at durant la premiere 

decade de Juillet. on peu partout a I Est . a 

I'Ouest at au Sud de cette province . Fin 

Juin egalement . It mildiou a etc signale 

dans la province de Voivodine (district de 

Sentai . at, a la mi-Aout. dans le distric t 

2347637

in mid-August in the Zrenjanin district In 

September a few spots of blue mould were 

reported on suckers in Croatia . The out . 

breaks were all sporadic and mild ~ the 

epidemic practically did not spread, thanks 

to the hot, dry weather that prevailed in 

July and August in most of the important 

tobacco growing regions . 

This being said, blue mould was observed 

both on broad leaf tobacco (Burley, Virginia, 

Ravnjak, Stolac 17) and on Oriental 

tobacco (Jaka, Kisinska Jaka, NS, Cilia, 

Drina) . 

The fungicides used were Zineb S-65, Zineb 

P-S. Antracol WP.10, Dithane M45, and 

Polyram-cembi ; Ridomil was also used 

sometimes. 

In Albania : blue mould was not reported 

to us this year . 

In Italy : seedbeds were only affected by 

blue mould in the centre and south of 

the country at the end of April (var. burley 

and Orient) ; infestation was very mild . 

In the field, blue mould was first observed 

on the 4th June in the Lecce area on 

var. Er:egovina ; only the bottom leaves 

were affected, and then only slightly . In 

Campania, in the Benevento region, mild 

outbreaks of blue mould were reported 

on bottom leaves on the 15th June ; in 

some valleys with a damp microclimate 

blue mould was observed on top leaves . 

In the regions of Cava dei Tirrent (var . 

burley), of Roma and Perouse (var . Bright, 

Kentucky) infestation was very mild . 

In the north of the country, in the region 

of Verona, blue mould was reported on 

the 4th August on var . Bright, Havana and 

Kentucky, with the appearance of isolated 

oily spots mainly on the bottom leaves 

of late crops infestation was very slight . 

On the whole, the season was not favourable 

to blue mould ; outbreaks were mild 

and never systemic. Among the oriental 

varieties in the Lecce region the most 

significant damage. which however remain . 

ed slight (3 %), was recorded on Erzegovina. 

In other regions damage was in the 

order of 0.5 % for Burley G .R., and 0 .3 % 

for resistant hybrid burley : 3 % for Pa . 

raguay ; 5 % for Kentucky. Damage as high 

as 7 % was observed for other varieties 

over limited areas . 

Seedbeds were treated with dithiocarbama . 

tes comprising zmeb. maneb and menram 

by all growers, specially in the Service 

units inhere centralised seedbeds were 

prepared . In the field, preventive treatments 

were carried out with the same products . 


de Zrenjanin. En Septembre, on a signale 

quelques Lathes de mildiou sur les bourgeons 

axillaires en Croatie . Dans I'ensemble, 

les attaques ont ere sporadiques et de faible 

intensite la propagation de 1'epidemie a 

ere quasi-nulle grace au temps chaud et 

sec qui a prevalu en Juillet et Aoitt dans 

la plupart des zones tabacoles importantes . 

Ceci dit, le mildiou a ere observe tant sur 

les tabacs a glandes feuilles (burley, Virginie, 

Ravnjak, Stolac 17) que sur lei tabacs 

orientaux (Jaka, Kisinska Jaka, NS . Otlja, 

Drina) . 

Les fongicides utilises ont ete It Zinebe S-63, 

le Zinebe P-B, I'Antracol WP-70 . It Dithane 

M-45 et le Polyram-combi ; on a parfois 

utilise aussi It Ridomil . 

En Atbanie : le mildiou ne nous a pas ete 

signale cette annee . 

En Italie Its semis n'ont ete touches par 

It mildiou que dans le Centre et Ie Sud 

du pays a la fin AvHI (vat . burley et Onentales) 

; Its attaques ont ete tres faibles . 

Dans les champs, It mildiou s'est d'abord 

manifesto le 4 Juin dans ]a region de Lecce 

sur la var. Erzegovina ; seules Its feuilles 

basses ont ete touchees et cela de fason 

legere. En Campanie, dans la region de 

Benevento, le mildiou est apparu le 15 Juin 

our les feuilles basses et de fagon legere ; 

dans certaines vallees au microclimat humide 

le mildiou a atteint des feuilles hautes. 

Dans les regions de Cava dei Tirreni 

(var. burley). de Rome et de Perouse (var . 

Bright, Kentucky) Its attaques ont ete tres 

faibles . 

Au Nord du pays, dans la region de Verone . 

le mildiou a ete signale le 4 Aout sur les 

var. Bright, Havana et Kentucky, avec apparition 

de lathes d'huile isolees surtout 

sur les feuilles basses des cultures 

tardives attaques tres faibles . 

Dans )'ensemble, ]a saison a ate defavora . 

ble au mildiou ; ses attaques ont ere legeres 

et jamais svstemiques. Parmi Its sane 

tes orientates de la region de Lecce, Its 

degats les plus importants, mais qui restent 

cependant faibles (3 %), ont ere em 

registres sur I'Erzegovina. Dans les autres 

regions. les degats sont de I'ordre de 0,5 °o 

pour le Burley O .R .. et de 03 % pour It but . 

ley hvbride resistant ; de 3 ova pour It Para . 

gua3' ; de 5 % pour le Kentucky . Pour les 

autres varietes. on atteint parfois 7 Op sur 

des superficies limitees . 

Les semis ont ete traites aux dithiocarbamates 

a base de zinebe, manebe . et metitame 

. par sous Its cultivateurs, et specialement 

dans les - Unites de service ou Ion 

prepare des semis centralises. En champ , 

i des traaements preventifs ont ete effectues 

avec Its memes products . 

8 

2347638

To conclude, damage in, '81 should be can . 

sidered as having been very mild . which 

seems to be largely due to the weather . 

In Spain : the outbreak started on the 

26th April on Burley .MB seedbeds in the 

Sevilla region, at Aznalcazar in the Gua. 

diamar valley ; the infestation was mild 

and localized and did not continue. On 

the 12th .May blue mould was reported 

600 km away on seedbeds of var . Sora 6505 

in the Valencia region. at Chella in the 

/ucar valley : the outbreak was mild, localized 

and did not continue. On the 

18th May, 400 km to the north of Sevilla, 

seedbeds of var . Burley MB and WB-PR-10 

suffered front dispersed attacks of blue 

mould : attacks were sometimes severe in 

the Caceres region at transplanting, in the 

valleys of Alagon, Jerre and Tietar. On the 

23rd .May blue mould was reported not far 

away in the Avila region at Candeleda, in 

the Tietar valley, a strong, generalized out 

break on ,or. burley and Ky 35) and in 

the Toledo area (at Talavera, in the Tagus 

and Alberch vallee, a heavy, generalized 

outbreak on van Burley MB and Orgaz 

B-2). Some fields were only very slightly 

affected. The hot weather in June stopped 

the development of blue mould. 

On the 15th July. a mild, dispersed outbreak 

of blue mould was reported in Navarra. 

in several areas of the Ega valley 

on fields of Havana 142. Finally, on the 

7th August, dispersed patches of blue mould 

that was not virulent appeared in Leon (Sit 

vallevi on Havana 142 and PRI fields . The 

outbreaks reported in Leon and in Navarra 

were of no importance ; they generally 

occurred near rivers or were encouraged 

by short-lived periods of mist . 

All seedbeds were treated with zineb 

Ridomil was used in the provinces of 

Caceres. Avila, Toledo and Valencia to treat 

seedbeds situated near infested seedbeds 

that had been destroyed . 

In Portugal : the weather condition pre . 

nailing during the tobacco growing season 

"as not favourable to blue mould, so little 

damage was done . 

Blue mould was reported on seedbeds at 

transplanting time only in Estramadura 

province. near the town of Setubal, on 

or. Coker 254 (Mac 19) ; the attack was 

serene but, apparently, had no after-effects . 

The two most important regions, vrhich ac 

count for some 80 °o of the area grown, do 

not appear to have been affected by the 

parasit e 

In France : blue mould outbreaks were so 

excepnouall% mild that experts are speak . 

are of the year 1981 as rna rktng a mnnng 

porn: in the control of blue mould , up 


En conclusion, les digits 81 doivent etre 

consideres comme tres faibles, et cela semble 

du en grande partie au temps . 

En Espagne I'epiphvtie commence le 

26 April sur les semis de Burley MB de 

la region de Seville, a Aznalcazar, clans )a 

vallee du Guadiamar ; ('attaque est faible 

et localisee et na pas de suite . Le 12 Mai . 

le mildiou est signale a 600 km de la. sur 

]as semis de IS var. SOTA 6505 de la region 

de Valence, a Chella, dans la vallee du 

]ucar ; ('attaque reste faible, localisee et 

sans suite . Le IS Mai, c'est a 400 km au 

Nord de Seville que les semis de Is var . 

Burley MB at WB-PR-10 sont attaques par 

le mildiou de fagon dispersee, parfois for . 

tement dans la region de Caceres au moment 

du repiquage, clans les vallees de 

('Alagon . du Jene et du Tietar. Le 23 Mai, 

des attaques generalisees at fortes de mil . 

diou sont signalees non loin de la sur Its 

semis des regions d'Avila la Candeleda, 

vallee du Tietar, sur les var . Burley et 

Kv 35) at de Tolede (a Talavera, vallee du 

Tage et de l'Alberche, sur les var . Burley 

MB et Orgaz B-2). Quant aux plantations, 

quelques-unes soot tres faiblement atteintes. 

Les fortes chaleurs de Juin arretent 

]'evolution du mildiou . 

Le 15 Juillet, on signale une attaque faible 

at dispersee de mildiou en Navarre. dans 

plusieurs localites de la vallee de l'Ega sur 

des champs de Havana 142 . Enfin, It 7 .flout . 

le mildiou apparait dans le Leon (vallee du 

Sit) de fagon dispersee et sans virulence 

sur des plantations de Havana 142 at PRI . 

Les lovers signales au Leon at en Navarre 

sont sans importance ; ils se situent gene 

ralement pres des fleuves ou sont favorises 

par des brumes passageres . 

Tous les semis ont eve traites au zinebe 

It Ridomil a ete utilise dans les provinces 

de Caceres, Avila, Tolede et Valence pour 

traitor les couches situees a proximite des 

semis malades. qui ont ete detruits . 

Au Portugal : les conditions meteorologiques 

qui ont prevalu durant la saison tabacole 

n'ont pas ete favorables au mildiou 

aussi les degats sont-il faibles . 

Le mildiou n'a ete signale sur les semis . 

au moment de la transplantation . que dans 

la province d'Estramadoure . pres de la ville 

de Setubal, sur )a car . Coker 234 (19 Mai) 

('attaque a eve severe mais, apparemment, 

sans suite . Les deux plus importances regions 

qui representent . a elles deuv . pres de 

80 0. des surfaces culcivees ne semblent 

pas avowr ete touchees . 

En Francc ]as attaques du mildiou ont 

ete exceptionnellement faibles au point que 

F on parle de I'annee 81 comme marquant 

un tournant dans la maitrise du mildiou t 

2347639

i 

o now, the pathogen used to appear at the 

end of May or early An June on seedbeds 

and in fields in the south-west, and then 

in all tobacco growing regions, but with . 

our causing much damage : but this year, 

nothing was heard about blue mould until 

the 19th July, and furthermore, the region 

where it was reported (northern France) 

was one that is usually spared by the 

fungus. The crop of PB affected had received 

no treatment but the seedbed had 

been treated with maneb . 

Blue mould was not observed in the south. 

west and in the Auvergne region until the 

end of July (var. PS and Burley) . 

With certain exceptions, when outbreak 

was reported, it could be explained by 

weather conditions being favourable to the 

pathogen or by' insufficient treatments . 

The three susceptible varieties, Paraguay 

(4lsace region), Badischer Geudertheimer 

(.Alsace and in the Loire Vale), and Nijkerk 

(in the Lot department), were not affected, 

this also applied to Virginia D in all regions . 

Out of the 16,970 ha planted with tobacco . 

only 46 ha were affected by blue mould . 

but only so slightly, that none had to be 

destroyed. 1981 reminded experts of 1976 

when the long drought in France reduced 

the average infested to 106 ha (out of 

21 .705) ; but in 1981 . apart from the lovely 

sunny days in August, there was no question 

of a drought . so it is difficult not 

to attribute these results to the use of 

metalaxvl (Acylon) . However, late appearances 

of the pathogen should make growers 

very vigilant . 

In Belgium : no seedbeds were attacked 

by blue mould. but some crops in western 

Flanders where blue mould was reported 

on the 22nd July, suffered from losses of 

up to 50 ao. Outbreaks were observed main . 

Iv on burley IF, hybrid of Ergo x Sofa 

6805) which accounted for about 3 % of 

the production in Flanders . But . Philip 

put . an old variety grown since before 

blue mould made its appearance in Europe. 

mas not affected. The fact that some 

growers had given up treatments was favourable 

to the development of the pathogen . 

On tire 5th January 1981, a new royal decree 

about ;r replaced the decree of the 25th 

.4ueusr 1971 . 

In Switzerland blue mould caused no 

damage in 1981 the first outbreak, discovered 

or, the 8th Jul, in Tessin was 

hrouehi quickly under control by two apphcations 

of maneb - Ridomil : a few 

scattered spots were observed in August, 


jusqu'a present en effet le pathogene apparaissait 

fin Mai debut Juin sur les semis 

et les plantations du Sud-Ouest . puts clans 

('ensemble des regions tabacoles . sans pour 

autant provoquer des degats importants ; 

mais cette annee it a fallu attendre le 

19 Juillet pour entendre parler du mildiou 

et de plus, la region dans laquelle it s'est 

manifeste (Nord de Is France) est une region 

generalement epargnee . .. La plantation 

de PB atteinte n'avait re9u aucun 

traitement, le semis avail fife traite au 

manebe . 

Cc n'est que fin Juillet clue le mildiou s'esi 

manifeste clans It Sud-Quest et en Auven 

gne (Var. PB et Burley) . 

Sauf exception. quand it v a eu attaque 

du pathogene . elle a pu s'expliquer par des 

conditions meteo favorables ou par une de 

ficience dans les traitements . 

Les trois var. sensibles Paraguay (Alsace) 

Badischer Geudertheimer (Alsace. Val de 

Loire) et Nijkerk (Lot) n'ont pas ete tow 

chees. non plus que le Virginie D (toutes 

regions) . 

Sur 16970 ha plantes . 46 seulement ont ete 

touches par le mildiou. de fagon si legere 

qu'aucun n'a ete detruit . L'annee 81 rappelle 

I'annee 76 durant laquelle Is secheresse 

prolongee . qui await atteint Its France . avail 

reduit a 106 le nombre d'ha touches (sur 

21705) : mais en 81, a part le be] ensoleillement 

du mois d'Aout . on ne peut invo 

quer la secheresse : it parait difficile de 

ne pas voir la I'action du metalaxyl IAcy' 

)on) ; mais les apparitions tardives du pa 

thogene devraient rendre tres vigilants Ies 

producteurs . . . 

En Belgique : aucun semis n'a ete attaque 

par le mildiou ; par contre. certaines plan' 

tations de Flandre occidentale . region ou It 

mildiou a ete signale le 22 Juillet, one sub) 

des penes allant jusqu'a 50 °o . Les attaques 

se sont surtout manifestoes sur le burle' 

(hvbride F. de Ergo X Sota 68051 out represente 

environ 3 % de la oroducuon 

des Flandres. Par contre le Philippin , 

ancienne variete an place avant ('apparition 

du mildiou en Europe, n'a pas ete attaque 

L'abandon des traitements par certains 

planteurs a are favorable au pathogene . 

I Un nouvel arrete royal a cc suiet a remplace. 

le 5 Janvier 1981, celui du 25 .flout 197 1 

10 

En Suisse It mildiou na cause aucun de 

Rat en 81 , It premier (over . decoucert It 

8 Juillet au Tessin . a etc cite mail rise par 

deux traitemenis au manebe - Ridomil 

it faut signaler cependant quelques Caches 

eparses en Aout. mais la recolie etait bee n 

2347640

ut the harvest was already well under 

wac. In mid-August in The canton of Jura, 

an outbreak was reported after the bottom 

and middle leaves had been harvested. In 

September, a few spots appeared in a trial 

field at untreated tobacco at SOTA Station . 

It should be pointed out that weather con 

dulons were not very favourable to the 

pathogen this year. 

In F .R.G . . only one outbreak was report . 

ed on the 30th June 1981 on 100 m' of a 

crop of the var. Geudertheimer in the 

Rhineland Palatinate (Germersheim district) 

; the infested leaves were removed 

and destroyed and the soil surface was 

treated with Ridomil MZ at a rate of 

2 kg/ha . 

Blue mould caused no damage in the FRG 

this year . 

In D .R .G . : only the region of Schwedt-on 

Oder (north-east) was affected this year, 

and then only late in the season ; the 

pathogen was not reported until the 28th 

Jul, at the Schwedt-on-Oder experimental 

station on tobacco undergoing comparison 

trials : Virginia 5CR and Badischer Burley 

: all the leaves were infested. Resistant 

varieties grown close to them, however, 

were only very slightly affected (a few 

isolated spots or none at all) . 

Near the station, the only variety grown 

was Z 101, now called Korso ; only very 

mild local infestation was observed which 

did not cause significant damage . As soon 

as blue mould was observed treatments 

were given or harvesting was speeded up . 

It should be recalled that all the varieties 

domestic to the DRG are resistant to the 

common strain of Peronospora tabacina . 

In Poland : blue mould appeared on crops 

of dark tobacco in the Lezaisk and Cracow 

regions (south-east) in the second halt of 

June. following hot, dry and sunny weather 

in May and very high temperatures (up 

to 321C with rain and storms) in the first 

half of June ; the temperature dropped 

to 201C in the second fortnight, with 

cloud,, rainy weather . Bottom leaves were 

attacked, trtrh low sporularion rates and 

no systemic injection . In Jul, and August 

i changeable weather with man, sunny days), 

he pathogen was reported on the bottom 

leaves of crops growing in lon, humid 

places in various parts of the cowl n, . 

Total losses were less than I °° 


avancee. A la mi-Aout, dans le canton du 

Jura. on a signale un foyer alors que les 

feuilles basses et medianes etaient cueillies 

En Septembre, quelques taches sons apparues 

sur un champ d'essai non traite de 

la SOTA . 

Signalons que Its conditions meteorologiques 

ont ere peu favorables au pathogene 

cette anode . 

En R .F.A. , on ne signale qu'une attaque, 

cello du 30 Join 1981 sur 100 m2 dune 

plantation de la var . Geudertheimer en 

Rhenanie-Palatinat (district de Germersheim) 

; les feuilles atteintes ont ere enlevees 

et detruites et la surface du sol traitee 

au Ridomil MZ a raison de 2 kg/ha . 

Pas de degats de mildiou, cette annee, en 

R .F .A . 

En R .D.A . : seule la region de Schwedt-sur- 

Oder (Nord-Est) a ete atteinte par le mil 

diou cette annee . et cela tardivement ; en 

effet, ce nest que le 28 Juillet que le pathogene 

est signale a IS Station experimentale 

de Schwedt-sur-Oder sur lea tabacs en es 

sais de comparaison Virginia SCR et Ba 

discher Burley : routes les feuilles ont ete 

attaquees ; par contre, les varietes resistantes 

cultivees a cote n'ont ete atteintes que 

tres legerement (quelques taches isolees ou 

pas du tout) . 

Autour de la station, seule la var. Z 101, 

actuellement appelee Korso est cultivee 

; elle a ete tres legerement et tres 

iocalement attaqute. mats sans que cela 

provoque de dommages significatifs. Des 

lapparition du mildiou, des traitements ont 

ete faits, ou bien la recolte a ete acceleree . 

Rappelons que routes les var . indigenes de 

RDA sont resistantes a la race classique de 

Peronospora tabacina. 

En Pologne le mildiou est apparu sur les 

plantations de tabacs bruns des regions de 

Lezajsk et Cracovie (Sud-Est) daps )a deuxieme 

quinzaine de Join, apres on mois de 

Mai chaud, sec et ensoleille et une pre . 

miere quinzaine de Juin tres chaude (jusqua 

32°C avec pluies et oraaes) ; la tem . 

perature est retombee a 20°C dans la 

deuxieme quinzaine avec on temps nuageuv 

et pluvieux . Ce sont les feuilles basses qw 

ont etc attaquees, avec sporulation faible 

et sans infection svstemique . En Juillet ei 

Aout (temps changeant avec de nombreu 

ses iournees de soleitI. le pathogene a ete 

signale dans diverses regions sur les feuilles 

basses des plantations simees dans des 

points has et humides . 

L'ensemble des pertes esi inferieur a I °o . 

2347641

In greenhouses, tobacco was treated by 

spraying (10 to 12 . every 4 days) with 010 46 

Dirhane M-45 . 

In Czechoslovakia : only the eastern part of 

the country was affected by blue mould 

this year : on the 3rd July, small outbreaks 

were reported on 5 ha of the var. Hybrid 

VP9 in the Trebisov district ; crops were 

treated with Dithane M-45 and with Ridotale 

the fungus did not spread in the 

region. On the other hand, it was report . 

ed on the 5th August in central Slovakia 

in the Rimavska Sobota district, on 5 ha 

of Virginia 21 and Virginia 31 ; losses 

were negligible . 

Generally speaking, 2 to 3 sprayings of 

dithiocarbamates were given before the 

appearance of blue mould . 

It should be noted that the CORESTA set 

of trap plants was not affected, and if there 

were no losses due to the pathogen in 

1981 throughout the country this was largely 

due to the hot weather (diurnal temper 

atures over 32') . 

In Austria : weather conditions were not 

favourable to blue mould. No seedbeds were 

attacked. In the field an outbreak was re . 

ported on the 11th July in the Furstenfeld 

region, but this died out except, perhaps, 

for a few sporadic attacks on an untreated 

breeding plot at Gleisdorf (Styria) . 

No damage was reported on the varieties 

grown : BurlevSemperante (not resistant) 

(90 .1 40 of planted area), Burley-Senior 

(semi-resistant) (8 .5 4b) and Burley BG26 

not resistant) (1 . 4 

The following fungicides were used : Per. 

milan fzineb) (1 .7 °m), Dithane M-22 (maneb) 

(28 .6 °o) and Ridomil 25 (metaxanin) 

169.7 %) . 

In Hungary no outbreaks were reported 

on seedbeds only 1,037 ha of crops in 

the field were affected (a little more than 

6 °-0 of the surface planted), 88 4 of which 

were affected sporadically, 5 4 mildly and 

7 ao had medium infestation, so damage 

was insignificant ; however, the pathogen 

appeared first in the north-east (24th June 

with favourable weather conditions, then 

in August) . as well as in the north and the 

south-west (early August) . 

In Rumania : blue mould was reported in 

the field in Transylvania and Oltenia at 

the end of June . 

In Bulgaria no seedbeds were infested 

m 1981 . Blue mould was not reported until 

the end of June and early Jul, (a month 

later than in 1980) in a few isolated fields 


Darts les serres . les tabacs ont ete traites 

par pulverisation (10 a 12, tous les 4 jours) 

avec du Dithane M-45 a 020 % 

En Tchecoslovaquie : seule la partie Est 

du pays a ete touchee par le mildiou, cease 

annee : le 3 Juillet, on signalait de petits 

lovers sur 5 ha de Is var. Hvbride VP9 

dons It district de Trebisov ; les plantations 

ont ete traitees au Dithane M-45 et au Ridomil 

: le champignon ne s'est pas propage 

dans la region. Par contre, it a ete signale 

le 5 Aout en Slovaquie Centrale dans le 

district de Rimavska Sobota . sur 5 ha de 

Virginie 2L et Virginie 31 ; les pertes ont 

ete negligeables . 

Dune fawn generate, 2 a 3 pulverisations 

de dithiocarbamates ont die faites avant 

I'apparition du mildiou . 

A voter que l'assortiment-piege CORESTA 

n'a pas die attaque et que si Ion ne comp 

to pas de penes dues au pathogene en 1981 

dans F ensemble du pays, cela est du, en 

grande partie, aux fortes chaleurs (temperature 

diurne depassant 32°) . 

En Autriche les conditions meteorologiques 

n'ont pas ete favorables au mildiou . Aucun 

semis na ete attaque. En champs . on signale 

une attaque le 11 Juillet dans la 

region de Furstenfeld . mais cette attaque 

n'a pas eu de suite, sinon peut-titre quelques 

attaques sporadiques dans 'un champ de 

selection, non traite . a Gleisdorf (Stvrie) . 

On ne signale aucun Begat sur ('ensemble 

des varietes cultivees : Burlev-Semperante 

(non resistant) (90.1 4 des surfaces), Burley 

Senior (semi-resistant) (8.5 4) et But . 

ley BG26 (non resistant (1,4 4b) . 

Les produits fongicides utilises ont ete les 

suivants : Permilan (zinebe) (1 .7 4b), Dithane 

M-22 (manebe) (28,6 46) et Ridomil 25 

(metalaxvl) (69 .7 (i0) . 

En Hongrie On ne signale aucune attaque 

sur Its semis ; quant aux plantations . 

1037 ha seulement ont eve touches (soil 

un peu plus de 6 4b des surfaces plantees) . 

dont 88 0b sporadiquement . 5 "b faiblement . 

et 7 0y movennement ; c'est dire que les 

degats sons insignifiants ; pourtant. le pa . 

thogene s'esi manifeste tans au Nord-Est 

(24 Juin. dans des conditions meteorologicues 

favorables . puis en Aout) que dans le 

Nord et le Sud-Ouest (debut Aout ) 

En Roumanie : on signale du mildiou dans 

les plantations de Transvlvanie et d'Oltenie 

fin Juin . 

1 En Bulgaric aucun semis n'a ete attaque 

en 1981 . Le mildiou na ete signale que fin 

Jum . debut Juillet, soil un mois plus tard 

qu'en 19801 . sur quelques champs isoles d u 

12 

2347642

; the north and north east of the country, 

and later in the south . Weather conditions 

,,ere not favourable to the development of 

;he pathogen which caused practically no 

damage to crops. Only seedbeds were treat 

ed vah Perozi,, ; Rtdomd was used exper . 

:men :all, on some small areas . 

In LRSS : we only had reports from the 

Caucasian regions ; on the 21st May blue 

mould appeared in seedbeds at Soukhoumi 

in Abkhatta) on var. Samsun 115 and 224 

outbreaks were moderate and there were 

no aftermaths. On the 10th June blue mould 

appeared in fields in the Krasnodar region 

on var. Trapesonde 93 ; the outbreak was 

mild and there were no aftermaths. On 

the other hand, in the Tbilissi region of 

Georgia, on the 15th June, .a severe systemic 

outbreak of blue mould affected 15 % of 

the plants of varieties burley and Koker 347 . 

At its annual meeting, held at Torgiano 

t Italy), on Tuesday September 29, 1981, 

the Phytopathology Study Group decided 

to continue the Blue Mold Warning 

Service in 1982 . 

CORESTA 


Nord et du Nord-Est du pays, puis du Sud . 

Les conditions meteorologiques ant etc defavorables 

au pathogene qui na pratiquement 

cause aucun dommage aux recoltes . 

Souls les semis ont etc traites aver du 

Perozin ; le Ridomil a etc employe a titre 

experimental sur de petites surfaces . 

En URSS : nous n'avons eu de nouvelles 

que des regions caucasiennes ; le 21 Mai, 

le mildiou est apparu dans les semis de 

Soukhoumi (en Abkhazie) sur les var. Samsun 

115 et 224 ; les attaques ant etc moderces 

et sans suite. Le 10 Juin, le mildiou est 

apparu sur les plantations de la region de 

Krasnodar, sur la var . Trapesonde 93 ; les 

attaques ont etc moderees et sans suite . 

Par contre, en Georgie, dans la region de 

Tbilissi, le 15 Juin, le mildiou a attaque de 

ta9on severe et systemique 15 % des plan 

tes des verities burley et Koker 347 . 

Au cours de sa reunion annuelle, tenue 

a Torgiano (Italic) le Mardi 29 Septembre 

1981. le Groupe d'Etudes Phytopathologic 

a decide de reconduire le Service 

d'Avertissement Mildiou pour I'annee 

1982 . 

: SERVICE D'AVERTISSEMENT MILDIOU 

BLUE MOLD WARNING SERVIC E 

13 2347643

RESULTATS DE L'ESSAI COLLECTIF 198 1 

RELATIF AU COMPORTEMENT DE PERONOSPORA TABACINA ADAM 

VIS-A-VIS DE L'ASSORTIMENT-PIEGE DU COREST A 

RESULTS OF THE 1981 COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT 

ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF PERONOSPORA TABACINA ADAM 

WITH RESPECT TO THE CORESTA RANGE OF TRAP PLANT S 

In the preceding report (CORESTA Bulletin 

1980, 34, p. 51), P .' SCHILTZ wrote that 

epidemics were rarely of the same intensity 

in two consecutive years ; this was the 

case with 1979 and 1980, and was even 

more marked in. 1980 and 1981 . As can 

be seen also in P. RAY's general report on 

the blue mould tobacco epidemic . the 1981 

outbreak was among the mildest ever recorded 

in Europe and the Mediterranean 

basin. Similarly, blue mould was only observed 

on the American continent in a 

few regions of the United States and Canada, 

often late in the season and without 

affecting crops . 

So. both in the Old World and in North 

America, only a few countries reported out . 

breaks of tobacco blue mould on the range 

of trap plants. Observations were few and 

far between, but it is a consolation to 

remember that crops were spared and that 

this type of long term research is subject 

to the freaks and fluctuations of natural 

phenomena . 

The range of trap plants : As usual, this 

selection consists of both susceptible and 

resistant varieties and has not changed 

since 1980. It comprises : 

I Be] 6110 , a very resistant line, obtained 

in the USA, and used as a reference. 

Its resistance is derived from Nicotiana 

debneyi. This line was widely used in 

Europe as a parent plant . 

2. Bergerac C : very susceptible variety of 

the Paraguay type, from which it descends 

by mutation. 

2. Chemical Mutant : line received from 

Australia, auh very high resistance deriv . 

ed bi mutation ; another point of reference . 

Less fre uentlc used as a parent plant than 

Be! 61-10 citing to its being small and of 

low fertility . 


It CoaaAZ 

14 

Dans le rapport precedent (bulletin CO . 

RESTA 1980, 3-4, p. 51) P . SCHILTZ ecrivait 

que les epiphyties presentent rarement la 

mime intensity deux annees consecutives : 

e'etait le cas pour 1979 et 1980 et qa Pest 

encore plus pour 1980 et 1981 . Comme It 

releve aussi le rapport general de P . RAY 

sur l'epidemie de mildiou du tab", I'epiphytie 

de 1981 fut parmi les plus faibles 

)amais enregistrees en Europe et daps le 

bassin mediterraneen. De mime sur le continent 

americain, le mildiou nest appparu 

que dans quelques regions des Etats-Unis 

et du Canada, souvent tardivement et sans 

consequence pour les cultures . 

Ainsi done, les pays qui enregistrerent des 

attaques de mildiou du tabac dans l'as' 

sortiment-piege sont peu nombreux, tans 

sur le vieux continent qu'en Amerique du 

Nord. Les observations sont rares, mais on 

se consolers en pensant que les cultures 

ont ete epargnees et que ce genre de tra . 

vail it long terme est soumis aux caprices 

et aux fluctuations des phenomenes naturels 

. 

r 

L'assortimeni-piege : Il est constitue comme 

toujours de varietes sensibles et de 

varietes resistantes et n'a subi aucune modification 

par rapport a 1980 . 11 comprend : 

1 . Bel 61-10 : Iignee tires resistante . creee 

aux USA, servant de reference . Sa resistance 

est issue de Nicotiana debneyi. Cette 

Iignee fut utilisee largement en Europe 

comme geniteur. 

2. Bergerac C ' varete tres sensible, de 

type Paraguay. dont elle est issue par mu . 

tation . 

3. Chemical Mutant : Iignee revue d'Auszralie. 

dont la resistance fut tres elevee. obtenue 

par mutation : autre point de refe' 

rence. Moins utilisee comme geniteur que 

Be] 6110 a cause de son faible deeeloppe 

ment et dune fecondite deficiente . 

2347644

4 GA 955 another line from Australia . 

iwh resistance derived from Nicotiana ex . 

celsior : early growth in the field. 

5. R x T line obtained in Poland as the 

result of a cross of Nicotiana rustica (R) x 

Nicotiana tabacum (T), and possessing good 

resistance . 

6. Samsoun well known variety of Oriental 

tobacco, with moderate susceptibility in 

the field, received from Greece . 

7. Tntmpf a variety of cigar tobacco, received 

from Dresden and obtained from a 

cross with 5390.1 (resistance from Nicotiana 

goodspeedii). 

e Pobeda 2 : variety of Oriental tobacco, 

obra:ned in Bulgaria, with high resistance 

derived from Nicotiana debneyi . 

9. T.I . 657 : received from the USA. where 

it vas classified among the most resistant . 

Small growing, very red flowers . 

x 

Participating countries : Instructions and 

seed are distributed to Tobacco Institutes 

n: the following countries : 

North Africa : Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia . 

Near East Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, 

SSria. Turkey . 

Europe Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, 

France, DRG, FRG, Greece, 

Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Rumania, 

Spain, Switzerland, USSR . Yugoslavia. 

North America : Canada, USA . 

x 

Assessment 

Three criteria are retained in the symptoms 

caused by blue mould, each of which is 

marked from I (very mild) to 5 (very 

severe) : 

the degree of attack, or the proportion 

of the leaf surface affected, 

the type of reaction of the host or the 

intensity of sporulation on the spots , 

progression of the parasite in the systemic 

form . 

The assessment adopted several years ago 

1s calculated as follows : degree of in . 

fes:anon x type of reaction - nature of 

des elopmenr. The nununum is 2.[11 x 1 ) 

11 . the maximum 30,((5 x 5) - 5) . 


e 

4. GA 955 lignee provenant egalement 

d'Australie. dont la resistance est derivee 

de Nicotiana excelsior ; precoce en plein 

champ . 

5 . R x T : lignee obtenue en Pologne a la 

suite dun croisement Nicotiana rustics 

(R) x Nicotiana tabacum (T) et offrant 

une bonne resistance. 

6. Samsoun variete bien connue de tabac 

d'Onent, avec une sensibilite moyenne en 

plein champ. reeve de Grece. 

7 . Trump) variete de tabac pour cigare . 

revue de Dresde et issue d'un croisement 

avec S 390.1 (resistance de Nicotiana good . 

speedii) . 

8. Pobeda 2 variete de tabac d'Orient . obtenue 

en Bulgane, dont la haute resistance 

provient de Nicotiana debneyi . 

9. T.I. 657 reru des USA, ou it etait classe 

parmi les plus resistants . Developpement 

faible, fleurs tres rouges. 

Pays participants Instructions et semences 

sont distribuees aux Instituts tabacoles 

des pays suivants 

Afrique du Nord Algeric. Maroc, Tunisie . 

Proche-Orient : Iran, Israel, 3ordanie, U . 

ban, Syrie, Turquie . 

Europe : Autriche, Belgique, Bulgare. Espagne, 

France, Grece, Honggrie, Italic . Pologne. 

Portugal, R.D .A., R .F .A., Roumanie . 

Suisse, Tchecoslovaquie, URSS, Yougoslavle . 

Amerique du Nord : Canada, USA. 

Cotation : 

On distingue. Bans les sympt6mes Provoques 

par le mildiou, 3 criteres, dont chacan 

est note de I (tres faible) a 5 (tres 

fort) : 

le degre de I'attaque, snit la proportion 

de la surface foliaire atteinte , 

le type de reaction de I'hdte ou I'intensite 

de la sporulation sur les taches , 

la progression sous forme systemique du 

parasite . 

La cotation mise au point depuis quelques 

annees est calculee ainsi : degre 

de l'attaque x type de reaction - nature 

du developpement . Le minimum est 

2,[(1 x 1) - 11, le maximum 30,[(5 x 5) - 5 ] 

t 

2347645

Results 

In view of the mildness of the 1981 epi . 

demic. only 10 trials'are given in table I ; 

blue mould did not occur in several ranges 

of trap plants. such as in Austria . FRG, 

Hungary. Switzerland, etc . .. The same thing 

applied to the USA . both in Maryland 

(Prof. C. McKEE) and in North Carolina 

(Prof. P . LUCAS) . 

Resultat s 

Vu la faible epiphytie de l'annee 1981, souls 

10 essais sont reportes dans le tableau I ; 

le mildiou nest pas appare daps plusieurs 

assortiments-pieges, tels que ceux d'Autriche, 

Hongrie, R .FA., Suisse . etc. 11 en est 

de mime aux USA, tant au Maryland (Prof . 

C. MCKEE) qu'en Caroline du Nord (Prof. 

B. Loess) . 

TABLE 1 1981 range pf trap plant s 

Heaviest outbreak observed in 1981 on the range of plants (a single stalk position) . 

TABLEAU 1 Assortiment-piege 198 1 

"arleies - 

Pa's 

I 

Plus forte attaque observee en 1981 sur I'assortiment (1 seul etage foliaire) 

Be] Berge Chem GA Sam . Pobe- TI Asspn . relive apparitio n 

61.10 'ic C Mm . 955 R . T soon Trumpt 6a 2 ' 657 A it .0d,.. l e 

Belgique 37 26 .0 3 .5 3 .2 4 20,2 6 .5 0 .0 13 .2 2 229 23- 8 

Bulgarie 10.2 17.7 I 6.5 6 .5 6 18 6 6 12 1 169 3- 9 

Praece 87 250 6 .9 8 8 .3 17.2 ' 101 111 111 2 23.9 30- 7 

Grece 2 27 2 2 2 22.7 2 2 12 2 , 20 .7 20 .6 

1uhe 2 152 2 2 3 .5 71 2 .7 6 4 1 184' 13- 7 

Maroc 3 .7 Z21 .5 3 .5 4 4 7,2 5 5 .7 7 2 17-6 2b 5 

Pologne 2 7 1 2 ' 2 7 .7 2 7 2 2 2 22-8 1 16 7 

RDA . 2 15 .3 1 2 2 7 2 2 6 .4 2 7-9 23- 7 

Turguie 2 ' le 1 2 2 2 71 2 2 ~ - 1 2 119 11 8 

Tunisie 2,4 7,3 2 2.6 1 2.8 3.9 1 34 1 3A 3 .4 2 

Moveanes 347 177 3 .24 3 .43 1 413 11 .26 513 I 4.83 8 .27 i 

A: a few stations, the outbreak was mild 

and only susceptible varieties were affected 

(DRG, Greece, Turkey), the resistant ones 

remaining unaffected (assessment 2) sometimes 

the infection was limited to bottom 

leaves (Greece, Italy) . 

1: frill be seen that . bearing the average 

u7 mind. the differences between very resistant 

hoes were very small. Once again, 

Chemical Mutant comes our on top, closely 

followed by GA 955 and Bel 61-10. The 

last hue usually has 2nd place, but the 

advance of GA 955 may be explained by its 

early ripening in the field, 


16 

Dans quelques Stations, l'attaque est faible 

et seules les vanetes sensibles sont atteintes 

(Grece, R .D .A., Turquie), les resistances 

etant restees indemnes (cotation 2) ; parfois 

. ('infection se limite aux feuilles basses 

(Grece, Italie) . 

On constate que, si ]'on considere la movenne. 

les differences intro lignees tres resistances 

sons minimes . Une fois encore, le 

Chemical Mutant sort en tote. suivi de pros 

par GA 955 et Bel 61 .10. Cette derniere 

lignee occupe d'ordinaire le 2e rang, mais 

lavancement du GA 955 peut s'expliquer 

par sa plus grande precocite en plan 

champ . 

2347646

anew T .I. 657 confirmed a certain susceptibih:v, 

which was marked in heavy out . 

oreaks as it, Bulgaria and France. 

It should be noted that the great majority 

of the subjects receiving the highest marks 

:arne from the 2nd range of trap plants, 

planted a few weeks later than the usual 

transplanting date. Jr is normal that younger 

plants should be attacked more severely . 

In Canada . F .H . WHITE, of the Delhi-Ontario 

Research Station, conducted a test on plants 

in a growth room. 18 plants per variety 

were inoculated with the spores of a blue 

mould collected in 1:979 near the station . 

The results Are given in table 2 . 

La variete T .I. 657 confirme une sensibilite 

certaine. bien marquee lorsque I'attaque 

est forte comme en Bulgarie et en France . 

A noter que la grande majorite des plus 

fortes rotations est tiree du 2e assonimeno 

piege. plante quelques semaines apres la 

mise en place usuelle. Il est normal que 

des plantes plus jeunes soient plus for 

cement atteintes . 

Au Canada. F .H. WHITE de la Station de 

recherches de Delhi-Ontario a effectue un 

Lest sur des plantes en chambre d'elevaae . 

IS plantes par variete ant ete inoculees 

avec des spores d'un mildiou recolte en 

1979 a proaimite de la Station . Les resultats 

sont reportes clans It tableau 2 . 

TABLE 2 Susceptibifiry of varieties in the CORESTA range of trap plants . Test in a growth 

room. Delhi, Station Ontario . 

Marking I = no symptom , 

5 = abundant sporulation . 

Distribution of the IS plants inoculate d 

TABLEAL 2 sensibilite des varietes de I'assortiment-piege du CORESTA . Test en chambre 

d'elevage, Station de Delhi-Ontario . 

Notation : I = sans svmptdmes . 

5 = sporulation abondante . 

Repartition des 18 plantes inoculee s 

Varietes Notatio n 

Varieties Marking I 2 3 4 5 

Bel 6110 16 1 1 

Bergerac C 6 9 2 1 

Chemical Mutant 

GA 955 15 3 

Samsoun . 17 1 

R ,. T 15 3 

Trumpf 15 3 

Pobeda 2 

T.I 657 


17 

1 8 

I S 

II 6 I 

2347647

Conclusions Although, 1981 was a very bad 

year for collaborative- experiment, as many 

trials were blank . or showed very mild 

outbreaks, no changes in the behaviour of 

Peronospora tabacina was observed in Europe 

and in North Africa . 

Lack of Observations in America does not 

make it possible to make valid comparisons, 

but the test effected at the Delhi Station 

Ontario, suggests that there is no basic 

difference between tobacco blue mould 

populations in Europe and North America . 

However, only an experimentation of this 

type based on several Years could provide 

an unequivocal reply. This is why we are 

anxious to continue this collaborative experiment 

with the help of all and in the hope 

of obtaining a greater number of interest. 

mg observations next year . 

It would also be wise to alter slightly the 

range of trap plants by replacing line 

T .I. 657, which is only of limited interest, 

by a highly resistant line such as Tu 8/4- 

7 2 from Tunisia . which behaved very well 

in some regions in 1980 and 1981 . 

We wish to thank everyone who participat . 

ed in this collective research work for their 

invaluable collaboration, whatever the end 

results . 

Conclusions Ainsi, bien que I'annee 1981 

ait ete tres d6favorable a )'experimentation 

collective, car de nombreux essais sont restes 

vierges ou avec de faibles attaques, on 

ne constate aucune modification dons le 

comportement de Peronospora tabacina en 

Europe et en Afrique du Nord . 

Le marque d'observation en Amerique ne 

permet aucune comparaison valable, mais 

le test effectue a la Station de Delhi-Ontario, 

incite a penser qu'il n'existe pas de 

difference fondamentale entre les populations 

de mildiou du tabac d'Europe et 

d'Amerique du Nord . Toutefois. seule une 

experimentation de ce type basee sur plusieurs 

annEes pourrait apporter une reponse 

sans equivoque. C est pourquoi nous tenons 

a poursuivre cet essai collectif avec 

)'aide de tous et daps 1'espoir d'obtenir 

davantage d'observations interessantes Van 

prochain . 

Par ailleurs, it serait bon de modifier legerement 

I'assoniment en remplagant la 

lignee T .I. 657, qui n'offre qu'un interet restreint, 

par une lignee a haute resistance, 

telle la Tu 8/4.7/2 provenant de Tunisie 

et qui s'est fort bien comportee dans quelques 

regions en 1980 et 1981 . 

t 

Nous tenons a remercier tous Its participants 

a ce travail collectif pour leur collaboration 

precieuse, quels que soient les 

resultats finals . 

RESULTS OF THE COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT ON 

TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS CONTRO L 

RESULTATS DE L'EXPERIENCE COLLECTIVE DE LUTTE 

CONTRE LE TSWV (L .V .3) 

In 1979 the L .V. 3 sub-group of CORESTA 

decided to organise a collaborative experiment 

on insecticides assay against Thrips 

tabaci and TS V among the tobacco research 

centers of the member-countries 

v. Amin are affected by this dangerous virus 

disease. The purpose of this experiment 

,,as to determine the effectiveness of differe'ht 

svstentc insect tides on th rips and 

TSRT emit rol on tobacco under different 

errrnorunen tai conditions . 


J . Ts&KIAIDi s 

En 1979, le Sous-Groupe L.V. 3 du CORES . 

TA dEcida d'organiser une experience collective 

de lutte contre Thrips tabaci et le 

TSWV par insecticides entre les centres 

de recherches sur le tabac des pays-membres 

touches par cette daneereuse male . 

die virale . Cette experience await pour but 

de connaitre I'efficacite de divers inset 

ticides svstemiques dans la lure contre les 

thrips et le TSWV du tabac dans des em 

vironnements divers . 

r f 

18 

2347646

This collaborative experiment was first con- i La premiere experience collective fat faire 

ducted to 1980 at the following institutions : en 1980 par les Instituts suivants 

Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute - Plovdiv, BULGARIA . 

Tobacco Institute of Greece - Drama, GREECE . 

Research Institute of Tobacco Industry - Bab, CZECHOSLOVAKIA . 

Central Laboratorv of Tobacco Industry - Cracow, POLAND . 

Tobacco Institute of Prilep - Prilep, YUGOSLAVIA . 

Tobacco Institute of Zagreb - Zagreb, YUGOSLAVIA . 

The experimental design included the /ol- I Le schema experimental comprenait les 

lowing chenycals at the reported rates produfts ci-dessous a utiliser aux faux 

and methods of application for oriental I indiques et suivant les methodes d'applitobaccos 

: cation utilisees pour les tabacs d'Orien t 

Rate s 

Insecticides Taux Method o f 

A .I. kg/ha applicatio n 

FURADAN 3 F (350 g a .i./I) 1 .4 Transplant wate r 

Eau de transplantatio n 

FURADAN 3 F (350 g a .i ./I) 2 .1 Transplant wate r 

Eau de transplantation 

LANNATE 20L (200 g a .i./I) 2 .0 Transplant wate r 

Eau de transplantatio n 

TEMIK lOG 2 .5 In furrow (dans le sillon ) 

T .AMARON 600 L .C. (600 g a .i./I) (60 g ad./100 I Foliar spray s 

of water) Pulverisation foliair e 

Detailed instructions were sent to the above 

mentioned tobacco research Institutes . 

The results of the first year trial were 

presented at the Agra and Phyto Groups 

meeting in Manila in November 1980 . Unfortunately, 

these results were poor because 

of the very low infection level of 

the disease due to unfavourable environmental 

conditions for thrips infection and 

subsequently for TSWV appearance at the 

experiment places. So, there was negligible 

infection to Greece, Bulgaria and in 

Northern Yugoslavia (Zagreb county) which 

was less than I °a in the untreated control 

plots. Lou- r infection appeared in Cachoslovak 

:a. while higher infection appeared 

on :c in Poland and Southern Yugoslavia 

IPrilep county) . 


Des instructions detaillees ant etc envoyees 

aux Instituts de recherche tabacole mentionnes 

plus haut. 

Les resultats du premier essai annuel ont 

etc presentes aux Groupes Agronomic et 

Phytopathologie au cours de leur reunion 

de Manille, en Novembre 1980. Malheureusement, 

ces resultats ant etc maigres, car 

le degrie d'infestation de la maladie avait 

etc faible par suite de conditions defavotables 

aux thrips, cc qui s'est repercute 

sur ('apparition du TSWV dans les zones 

experimentales . Ainsi, l'infestation des parcelles 

non traitees a etc negligeable en 

Grece. an Bulgarie, en Yougoslavie septentrionale 

(province de Zagreb), soit moins 

de 1 Oc. En Tchecoslovaquie . ('infestation 

a etc faible seules Is Pologne et la 

Yougoslavie meridionale (province de Pri . 

lepl ont connu une infestation plus importance 

. 

19 2347649

In Manila. is vas decided that the expen 

;menz would be continued, so the above 

mentioned Institutes were asked to repeat 

it during 1981 . The Plant Protection Institute 

to Bucharest. Rumania, was also asked 

to participate. 

Some changes were made concerning the 

rorntulmiort of Furadan in Bulgaria and 

Poland r Furadmt 5G was used instead of 

Furadan 3F because the specimens of Furadan 

3F had not rgached thgrr destination . 

Sprat treatments of Bi-58 in Oulgarta and 

Otadofos m Poland were also included in 

rite trial . 

The results of 1981 from Bulgaria . Greece, 

Poland and ) ugoslavm (Zagreb count') are 

shorn of tables 14 . There is no info rniation 

Irani the other participating Institutes . 

Because of the very for infect ion in Bul- 

Laria and Yugoslavia (Zagreb county) no 

comparisons of the efficiency among the 

ddferenr treatments could be made . In these 

cases. the data were not analyzed statistically. 

In the other cases, all the insecticides 

used gave significant protection compared 

to the untreated controls . In Greece 

the best results were obtained truth Furadint 

3F and mainly with its higher rate, 

In this country, where the popula non of 

rhrips tins also accounted, there was a 

correlation between the infection level 

of the disease and the number of thrips 

per plant in the different treatments . 

In Poland, where the infection appeared 

la: e, rile best results were obtained with 

Tamaron sprays, Furadan 5G and Lannate 

20L. Larrna,e treatment gave short residual 

action tit Greece, Tamaron sprays were 

more effective in Poland than in Greece . 

Also tit Poland Tamaron sprays were more 

effective than Owadofos sprays . 

f 

It vas decided at the last meeting of the 

A aro and Ph vin groups in Torg iano, Italy, 

:ltd the experuitetn would be continued in 

19/22. The followntg suggestions were made 

b2 rite Li 3 subgroup : 

al rhi nts :r :r C'IDrI> of the Cyr, (males 

of the c4r'r.nc!.4 rne:imd o; application . 

o±srr .enon dares' tiros : be tollon ed pr'e 

cllJi o' ate iha' t rt>u :r> emu be 

c~^:ym,d lO tut t : O :bel 


20 

II fut decide, a Manille . de poursuivre 

I experimentation aussi, Its Institute sus . 

mentionnes furent-ils sollicites pour de now 

teau\ essais. L'Institut de Protection des 

Plantes de Bucarest, en Roumanie, fit aus 

si sollicite . 

x 

Quelques changements ont ete apportes 

dans la formulation du Furadan, en Bul . 

garie et en Pologne : on a utilise le Furadan 

5G all lieu du Furadan 3F, car les 

echantillons du Furadan 3F netaient pas 

arrives a destination. Des traitements par 

pulverisation de Bi58 et Owadofos furent 

aussi inclus dans les essais . respectivement 

en Bulgarie et en Pologne . 

On trouvera dans les tableaux I a 4 les 

resultats pour 1981 . donnes par Is Bulgarie, 

la Grece, la Moline et la Sovii!()Slavle 

I province de Zagreb) ; aucune information 

nest part'enue des autres lnstituts . 

L'infestation en Bulgarie et en Yougoslavie 

(province de Zagreb) avant etc tres faible, 

aucune comparaison d'efficacite n'a pu titre 

faite entre les differents traitements ; les 

resultats n'ont donc pas etc analyses statistiquement. 

Pour les autres lnstituts, sous 

les insecticides utilises ant eu une action 

protectrice significative . En Greve, les meilleurs 

resultats ant etc obtenus avec le 

Furadan 3F, surtout au plus haut taux 

d'utilisauon. Dans cc pats, ou Ion a fait 

le compte de la population des thrips, on 

a trouve que le niveau d'infection du TSW\' 

et le nombre de thrips par plant, aux differents 

traitements, etaient correles . En Pologne 

. ou ('infection est apparue tardivement 

. les meilleurs resultats ant etc obtenus 

par pulverisation de Tamaron . Furadan 

5G et Lannate . 20L. Le traitement au 

Lannate a donne une courte action residueile 

an Grece. Le Tamaron, en pull err . 

sation, a etc plus efficace en Pologne qu en 

Grece : en Pologne aussi )es pulverisauons 

de Tamaron ant etc plus efficaces que ceiles 

d'Owadofos . 

t 

II a etc decide, au cours de )a derriere 

reunion des Groupes Aaronomie et Phv ;o . 

pathologic . a Torgiano (Italic), que I'expen 

mentanon serail poursuivre en 1982. Les 

sugcestions suivantes ant ere Panes par le 

sous-groupe LV 3 : 

a) on devra suivre de facon precise let 

instructions donnees pour les experiences 

Itaut d'in sccticide . methodes dapplicauon 

.:a1c> des obsen a uunsl . afin que les resuiut 

so rent comparables . 

2347650

b' he data 'corn oie :ed observation cards) 

rvus: be sent 10 .M .. J . TS&KIRIDIS (Tobacco 

la v : : ate of Greece. Drama). as soon as 

ross:b ie. just alter the end at the obser- 

:'atioris. in ordcr to be presented a : th e 

a''nual meeting of COREST .4 alter they 

r:cnsncai analvs:s and combined evaluation . 

Others, Ise . each participating Institute 

should present its own data separately by 

Its r ep,esenzatz' e . 

bI les donnees (caries d'ebsenation rem 

plies) devront titre emrovees a \1 .7 . TSaKIRI 

ols (Institut du Tabac de Grece . Drama) 

aessuot que possible, juste a la fin des 

observations, pour titre pPresentees a Ia reu . 

mon annuelle du CORESTA, apres avoir etc 

analvsees staustiquement et comparees . Au . 

trement . chaque Institnt participant, de . 

crap faire presenter ses propres resultats 

par son representant . 

z 

T-x E I El recr o' insecticides on Thnps popuration and TSI4"V infection of tobacco in fields . 

DRAMA . GREECE . 1981.' 

TREATMENTS 

Rate s 

a . i . 

kg no 

Ti, ripslplant days °o virus infected plant s 

alter trans pla rtt ing dais after transplantin g 

10 20 30 20 30 40 50 ' 6 0 

FURADAN 3F 2 .1 0.3 a 0.4 a 0.4 a 0 .2 a 0.3 a 5.1 a 6.7 a 13 .2 a 

FURADAN 3F 1A 0.5 a 1 .9 a 1.5 a 0 .2 a 0.3 a 7.0 a 9.1 a 27 .7 b 

TEMIK JO G 

TA\1ARON 600 LC 

2 .5 2 .8 b 6.7 ab 3.9 a 0 .8 b 1 .4 b 14.6 b 19 .0 Is 33 .2 c 

Ispracsl 2.5' 1 .3 ab 8 .9 b 11.5 b 0 .9 b 2 .9 c 24 .8 c 30.3 c 32 .3 c 

LANNATE 20L 2 .J 9 .5 c 28.1 c 14 .3 b 1 .3 b 32 c 346 d 43S d 57 .3 d 

CONTROL - 54 .1 d 109 .8 d 58.1 c 2 .3 c 5 .2 d 42.4 e 629 e 70 .3 e 

' Fm ae .,W ar ssl a . 


Ncm : . oIlon ed b ,0 1le smvs lour urn 1 .1 SIt'110ce :el 4 /$e nu b . Duncan rest (P = 5 

T\BLE 2 Effect of insecticides on TSWI' infection of tobacco in fields . 

PLOt'Dll' . BULGARIA . 1981 . 

oo virus infected plant s 

Rates .41ARKOl'O count' KOS.4RSKO count y 

Treatments a .i. days after transplanting da vs after transplantin g 

,:ha 

28 35 42 49 56 28 33 42 49 5 6 

FURADAN SG 5 .0 0.1 1 .0 1 .0 1 .6 1 .6 0 .0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0 . 8 

FCRADAN 5G' 5 .0 0.2 09 0.9 2 .7 2,7 0 .0 0.5 0S 0.8 1 .0 

LANNATE 20L 20 0.1 0.5 0.5 07 07 00 0.2 0.2 O.8 0 8 

TE\IIK 10 G 2 0.4 0.9 0.9 1,6 1 .6 0 .0 0.6 0.6 2 .6 2 . 9 

TkM ARO\ 600 LC 

I sprat Sl 0 .3r 0.1 0.5 05 1 .1 1 .1 0 .0 0 .2 01 05 0 . 5 

B,.56 'sprats' 056' 0.5 Or, 0.6 1 .5 1S 02 1 .1 1.4 14 1 4 

CONTROL - 0 .1 2 .3 40 40 0 .2 0.3 0.3 14 2 0 

21 

2347651

TABLE 3 Effect of insecticides on TSWV infection of tobacco in fields . 

CRACOW, /GLAND, 1981 . 

Treatments 

Rates 

a.i . 

kg/ha 

% virus infected plant s 

days after transplantin g 

43 54 64 75 84 

TAMARON 600 LC (sprays) 3.15 1 0.6 ab 1 1 .3 ab 1 .6 ab 2.9 a 4 .1 a 

FURADAN 5G 2 .50 0.9 ab 1 .0 ab 1 22 b 4.5 ab 8 .9 b 

LANNA'TE 20L 2 .00 0.0 a 0.3 a 1 0.3 a 5.9 b 23 .6 d 

TEMIK 10G 2 .50 1.3ab 2.3ab 4.5c 6.Ib 17 .1 c 

OWADOFOS 50 (sprays) 2 .52 2.0 b 2.6 b 5.6 c 8.9 c 10 .8 b 

CONTROL - 6.1 c 8.2 c 12.6 d 24.7 d 31 .2 e 

Rai, for the rota! of seven .pray. . 

Means followed by the .arse letter are nor ngvpcantly dgterenr by Duncan' . un tR - 5 ki . 

TABLE 4 Effect of insecticides on TSWV infection of tobacco in fields. 

ZAGREB, YUGOSLAVIA, 1981 , 

Treatments 

Rate s 

as . 

kg/ha 

4a virus infected plant s 

days after transplantin g 

30 40 50 60 

FURADAN 3F 1 .4 0 .7 2 .3 2 .3 2 .3 

FURADAN 3F 2 .1 3 .0 3 .7 3 .7 3 . 7 

LANNATE 20L 2 .0 3 .0 3 .3 4 .7 4 . 7 

TEMIK 10G 2 .5 1 .0 1 .7 2 .3 2. 3 

TAMARON 600 LC (sprays) 2 .5' 2 .0 2 .7 3 .0 3 . 3 

CONTROL 0.7 2 .3 2 .7 3 .0 

For the mml of seven spray. . 


22 

234765 2

COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT ON POWDERY MILDEW 1981 

EXPERIMENTATION COLLECTIVE SUR L'OIDIUM 198 1 

In January, seed . experiment instructions 

and score sheets were sent to the participants 

listed in Table 1. By the end of 

.\o,ember, 13 sets of results had been recerced 

from participants and . these are 

green in Table 2 . Results that were available 

at the end of September were discussed 

a: the Group Meeting i/1 Torgiano . 

L'nior:unately, results have not yet been 

received from Bulgaria, an area of major 

interest inhere a break-down of resistance 

"as first reported at the Group Meeting 

in Torremolinos in 1975. The only report 

of susceptibility in material from all resistant 

sources came from a glasshouse 

51ud,' by Dr. K . NAGARAJAN of the Central 

Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundrv, 

India. Irabourbon N' I and Kutsaga El 

v.ere moderately susceptible to infection up 

to the mid leaves of the plant . Hicks 55 

and Pobeda 3 were very slightly infected on 

the lower leaves. These results confirm 

previous observations that plants showing 

field resistance but grown in the glass . 

house or in shade can become susceptible 

to infection, irrespective of the source of 

their field resistance . Another result of particular 

interest was the severe infection up 

to the middle of the plant sustained by 

'lie resistant cultivar Pobeda 3 in 3 trials 

ni Greece. Pobeda 3 gets its resistance from 

Nicouana debnevi and this is the most 

severe injection reported on this cultivar 

grown in the sun . 

fn 1979. our colleagues from Italy report. 

ed severe infection on Hicks 55 and Pobeda 

3, but these cultivars were grown in 

partial shade at Scafati. 

\'o other field susceptibility of our resistant 

cui: n ars ,vas reported by any of the par 

ncipm a5 though sortie results are still 

outstanding . .4nv further results now received 

will be reported on next year . 

The concept of introducing KP 14,a as a 

icr, snsceprible cultivar appears to have 

Neer successful, because, wherever it vas 

c ton,; and infection occurred, it gene roll, 

sus :anted more severe infection than the 


MJ .P. SHA W 

,i 

En Janvier . Its graines, les instructions nricessaires 

A ]'experimentation et les feuilles 

de resultats ont ere envovees aux participants 

door la lisle est donnee au tableau I . 

Vers la fin Novembre, 13 jeux de resultats 

one ere rests ; ils sons donnes daps 

le tableau 2. Les resultats disponibles a la 

fin Septembre ont rite discutes a la reunion 

du Groupe a Torgiano . 

Malheureusement. Its resultats ne sont pas 

encore arrives de Bulgarie, pays du plus 

grand interet, car c'est la qu apparut le 

premier effondrement de la resistance a 

I'oidium, rapporte a la reunion de Torremolinos 

en 1975 . Le seul rapport indiquant 

que toutes les sources de resistance ont 

ete sensibles est celui du Dr K . NAGARAJAN 

du C .T .R .I. de Rajahmundry (Inde) . a propox 

de son etude en serre . L'Irabourbon 

N' I et le Kutsaga El ont ere moderement 

sensibles a ]'infection . jusqu'aux feuilles mediates. 

Hicks 55 et Pobeda 3 one rite tres 

legerement infectes sur leurs feuilles basses. 

Ces resultats confirment les observations 

precedentes, a savoir que les plantes 

resistantes en champ peuvent devenir sensibles 

lorsqu'elles sont cultivaes en serve 

ou a l'ombre, quelle que spit la source de 

lour resistance en champ. Un autre resultat 

particulierement interessant : ('infection 

severe subie . iusqu'au niveau des feuilles 

medianes, par le cultivar resistant Pobeda 3 

dans les trois essais faits en Grece . Pobeda 

3 bent sa resistance de Nicotiana 

debnevi et c'est ('infection la plus severe 

qui ait ere signalee sur It tabac cultive au 

soleil . 

En 1979, nos collegues italiens, signalaieni 

une infection severe sur le Hicks 55 et le 

Pobeda 3, mais ces tabacs avaient pousse 

dans une zone partiellement ombragee 

a Scafati . 

Aucun participant na signale de sensibilite 

en champ de nos carietes resistantes . been 

que quelques resultats ne nous soient pas 

encore parvenus : s'ils nous pan'iennent , 

Is seront donnes I'annCe prochaine . 

L'idee d'introduire le KP 14 'a . en tans que 

cultivar tres sensible. semble acoir ete excellence 

. car, ou qu'il an pousse dans les zones 

mlectees, it a gencralement ete attaque 

de fa9on plus severe que Its variete sen- 

2347653

suscept:ble standard, Virginia Gold. In Japan, 

there was same doubt about the 

authenticity of the seed labelled as KP 14/a 

and lrabourbon A" 1 at source . Confusion 

seems unlikely however, because the two 

batches of seed came from separate sources 

title KP 14 a from Drama) and were weighed 

into aliquots and labelled on a separate 

occasion. There was no infection of prescribed 

culttvars in Japan, not even of Vir . 

einm Gold, but wherever else KP 14/a was 

infected . Irabourbon N° 1 was not . It will 

{ be interesting to hear the views of our 

Japanese colleagues after the next trial . 

At Torei(ato, tolerance to blue mould in 

the ndnrar Kutsaga 51E reported from 

Israel, was discussed. The proposal was 

accepted that this culfrear should now be 

rucluded in place of Kutsaga El in our 

experim ens with a view to making abler 

is:ions and comments on its susceptibility 

to blue mould, should the disease occur . 

For cxampie. it frequently infects the trials 

it Itah and Turkey . 

lie hope to have seed, instruction sheets 

and score sheets ready for despatch to our 

participants by the end of December . 

I Bulgaria 

2 China 

3 Ccpnt s 

4 Czechoslovakia 

5 Greec e 

6 Hungary 

7 India 

8 Italy 

9 Japan 

10 Korea 

II Pakistan 

12 Rcu moil 

t South 1fnca 

14 Luke' 

L I`.cosic. rn 

It L'' :ha .he c 


TABLE I : Invited Participants, 198 1 

- Plant Protection Institute, SOFIA 

- Tobacco Research Institute, YIDU 

- Carreras of Cyprus, NICOSI A 

- Research Institute of Tobacco, BAB 

sible classique, Virginia Gold. Au Japan . 

un douse subsiste sur l'authenticite des 

graines dices KP 14/a et Irabourbon N- I . 

La confusion semble cependant peu probable. 

car les deux lots de graines venaient 

d'endroits differents (le KP 14/a, de Drama) 

et avaient etc peses . mis en sachet et 

etiquetes a des moments differents . II ny 

a pas eu d'infection all Japon, mime pas 

sur le Virginia Gold, mais panout ailleurs 

on KP 14/a a etc infecte, Irabourbon N° I 

ne la pas etc. II sera interessant de 

connaitre le point de vue de nos collegues 

japonais apres la prochaine experimenta. 

Lion . 

A Torgiano, Its tolerance an mildiou du 

cultivar Kutsaga 51E. indiquee par Israel, 

a donne lieu a discussion . La proposition 

d'inclure cc tabac pour remplacer le Kul' 

saga El dans noire experimentation a ete 

acceptee, an vue de faire des obsenations 

sur sa sensibilite au mildiou et de les 

commenter, an cas ou cette maladie apparaitrait. 

C'est le cas, par exemple . pour les 

essais faits en Italic et en Turquie . 

- Tobacco Institute of Greece . DRAM A 

Nous esperons que . pour la fin Decembre . 

!es graines. les instructions et les feuilles 

de resul tats seront pretes a titre envoyees a 

tous les participants . 

- Tobacco Research Institute, DEBRECEN 

- Tobacco Research Institute, RAJAHMUNDRY 

- Istituto per t! Tobacco, SCAFAT I 

- Tobacco Experiment Station, IWATA 

- Tobacco Research Institute . SUWEO .N 

- Pakistan Tobacco Board . PESH .AIt'AR 

- I .R. .A .T.. ST-PIERRE 

- Tobacco Research Institute RCSTEYBL"R G 

- Research lust n tit es of Stoic tlonopolies 1ST A\'BL'L 

- lustitut du Ta'ac, PRILE P 

- Kltsaea Resca'cl; Station S .4LISBL'R 1 

24 

t 

2347654

TABLE 2 Summary of aesults. Powdery mildew infection of prescribed cultivars in CORES. 

TA collaborative experiment 1981, showing position of severest infection . 

TABLEAU 2 : Resume des resuitais . Infection, die a Ioidium, des cultivars prescrits pour I'ex . 

perimentation collective CORESTA 1981 ; indication de l'infection la plus severe . 

KP la a LB S'M S' .M PM 5-H 0 - 3/3 3/B 0 - 0 - 

A :rgi nla Gold 3/B .3LB 2B 2/B 3,B 0 51H 3/B 2/B 0 3/B 0 0 

Iraoourpon N. I 0 0 0 0 0 0 2M 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Koicou 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Kuuapa El 0 0 0 0 0 0 3' .N4 0 0 0 0 0 0 

H?vks 76 - - - - - 0 - - - 0 - a 

TL 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

PMR BurIes 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

H? :ks 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 IIB 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Pobeda 7 0 0 5,'M S ;M 5/B 0 I/B 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Sit, shade sit so su so su su pl so so 1. so lu l u 

ii earhe- S S p p p s p 

0 a no mtecion . I . Jet,' sport scaueeed among 20 plants . . - 1 .5 °e 3 = 5 .25 ^. , 4 = 2530 . 

= more than 50 of leaf area covered bs Ilse fungus B = bottom M = middle . H . top ?hold' of lit' 

s-a.' Site m = sun" Sh . shade . gt a gtaashou a IAe .ohrr sot labdu, for ?he lunges 

N a .it 

0 . lnfeclIan null' . I = quelques ?aches 'parses stir 20 plames . 2 . I is 5 % 3 = 5 a 25 .e , A = 55 a 

50 . . - = plus at 50 Av de la surface des feuiles convene par It champ,gnon : B = tiers bas at la plan?' 

N = leis median . H - tiers haul : Envuannement su = 'nsoleille sh = ombr:,ose , gI . serre . Pndi 

tuns me,eorolopgms p = pre favorables au champ'non g = fasorable s 

Dacussron from Torgiano (September 30 

1931 . 

a KEHI RsT Results of the Coltaboralire 

£ t pert iteit rr Crprus titll be sub nstt re d 

earl, indications were that only light 

" Iresit uere present nr perm val . is there 

Go;' fat r;her evldeace on the Possible pos t 

Janoislnp bet ec', file lose of iletaia 

ld the S sscepfibdl tl to pou'dert mil 

snuck ' 


t 

2 5 

: P 

Poor 

Discussioi a,, corers de la reunion de To, . 

glano 130 Septelltbre 1981 , 

AKEHURST : Les resulrats de lecperimentalion 

collecuse obien us a Ch ,pre seronl 

en'occ5 mail de la on salt quil n)' a eu 

qu one, 1-ere infection Emste-t-il une indication 

supplrmentalre de la relation postfile 

qw pourralt eclsier en Ire lutilisation 

du me;alacs' et la sc risib :lice du tabac a 

I oldlum ' 

2347655

BEUCHAT : In 1980. in 'Italy, we had a clear 

indication (but no scientific evidence) that 

the use of metalaxvi increased susceptibility 

to W hire mould . In 1981 . we were not able 

to confirm this observation as we had 

practically no blue mould and there was 

onl, a limited incidence of white mould . 

SHAW : As far as I am aware no scientific 

proof of this association has vet been pre . 

sewed but it has been commented on 

previously, in Manila for example . 

BEUCHAT Is there any objection to the 

introduction of Kusaga 110 into the white 

mould experiment ? The variety has been 

shown to be a valuable one because of its 

resistance to both ,hire mould and mosaic . 

SHAW : I think that eventually this could 

be acceptable, depending on the views of 

other participants who Will be informed 

of this discussion. I think that we should 

amid having too many prescribed cultivars 

in the experiment. Nine, with an optional 

tenth. seems an easily manageable number . 

We should resist increasing this number 

if possible . Last year we introduced KP 14/aas 

a new very susceptible entry and eliminated 

the resistant Hicks 76 which has a 

similar background to Kuuaga El in getting 

its resistance from Kokubu . This year 

we have decided to replace Kutsaga El 

with Kuuaga 51E because of an interest 

in blue mould tolerance that could be very 

important. We could eventually replace 

Kutsaga 51E with Kutsaga 110 . 


f 

Q^~ n taS _Q1 

` 

BEUCHAT : En 1980, en Italic . it est apparu 

clairement (mais sans preuve scientifique) 

que I'utilisation du metalaxyl augmentait 

la sensibilite a I'oidium. En 1981, nous 

n'avons pas pu confirmer cette observation . 

car nous n'avons pratiquement pas eu de 

mildiou et que ('incidence de I'oidium a ete 

limitee . 

SHAW : A ma connaissance . aucune preuve 

scientifique de cette association n'a encore 

did avancie, mais on en a deja parle . a 

Manille, par exemple . 

BEUCHAT Y avail quelqu'objection a 'introduction 

du Kutsaga 110 dans I'experimen 

tation sur l'oidium ? Cette variety s'est revelee 

interessante, car elle est a )a fois 

resistante a I'oidium et a la mosaique . 

SHAW : Ie pense que cela pourrait titre 

accepte. mais cela depend des autres participants 

qui seront tenus au courant de 

cette discussion . Ie pense que noun devons 

eviler d'avoir trop de cultivars obliaatoires 

dans cette experimentation . Neuf. plus un 

dixieme en option. cela semble un nombre 

de rarietes facile a manier. Nous devrions 

resister, si possible, a )'augmentation de 

cc nombre . L'annee derriere . nous aeons 

ajoute le KP 14/a comme variety tres sen . 

sible et noun avons elimine le Hicks 76 resistant 

qui avail un fonds genetique semblable 

a celui de Kutsaga El (resistance 

venant de Kokubu) . Cette annee. nous aeons 

decide de remplacer le Kutsaga El par le 

Kutsaga 51E a cause de sa tolerance au 

mildiou, cc qui pourrait eve tres important 

Nous pourrions, par la suite, remplacer le 

Kutsaga 51E par le Kutsaga 110 .

Generalitie s 

RAPPORT SUR L'ESSAI 1980 DE DOSAGE COLLECTIF DU N O 

REPORT ON THE 1980 COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT 

Although COREST .A's 1980 collaborative expernment 

on the 'determination of nitric 

o ide NO was conducted in 14 smoke 

analysis laboratories, it dealt with gas 

mixtures (NO in NO . As a matter of fact, 

previous attempts to effect collaborative 

determination of the gas phase of smoke 

demonstrated that the discrepancies of the 

results obtained in various laboratories 

were so great (the standard deviation could 

be as great as 33 .7 %) that it was decided, 

at the working meeting of the Smoke Group 

held in Bristol in 1979, to take the problems 

one by one, and to start by examining 

the incidence. on the deviations observed, 

of the standard gases and methods of 

analysis (therefore . in practice, the chemiluminescence 

analyzers used in the various 

laboratories, as this method is tending to 

be generalized) . 

Description of the experimen t 

t 

The experiment consisted in circulating be . 

n,een the participating laboratories 3 bar . 

ties of gas with nitric oxide contents of 

30. 400 and 1 .000 vpm in nitrogen, in order 

to test all the range of NO concentrations 

normaliv found it the gas phase. The 

laboratories were quite unaware of the 

theoretical values of the concentrations 

fen en at the end of the experiment by 

the supplier. Each laboratory had to carry 

out at least 2 measurements at one dais 

onterya! on each of the bottles . Despite the 

adnrrnrst rat n'e difficulties (the participating 

aboraortes were situated in 7 European 

cmnnrnesn, the prelinstnorv results t,ere 

P res err ed a: toe Manila Congress m No . 

re,.eber 1980 The complete results gn en 

herernth made it possible to draw a m, nn be, 

Or conclusions . 


ON THE DETERMINATION OF N O 

C . JOIGN Y 

27 

Gdndralites 

Bien que realise dans 14 laboratoires d'ana- 

)vse de la fumee, I'essai collectif CORESTA 

1980 de dosage de I'oxy'de nitrique NO por . 

tail sur des melanges de gaz (NO Bans N :) . 

En effet, les tentatives precedentes de dosa. 

ge collectif sur la phase gazeuse de la 

fumee avaient fait apparaitre des ecarts entre 

laboratoires si importants (ecart-type 

pouvant atteindre 33,7 % ) qu'il await ete de . 

tide, lots de Its reunion de travail du Groupe 

Fumee a Bristol en 1979, de serier les 

problemes, et de commencer par examiner 

('incidence sur les ecarts observes des gaz 

etalons et des methodes d'analvse (done . en 

pratique, des analvseurs par chimilumines 

cence utilises dans les differents laboratoh 

res, car cette methode tend a se generaliser) 

. 

Description de 1'essa i 

t 

L'essai a consiste a faire circuler parmi les 

laboratoires participants 3 bouteilles de gaz 

a teneurs en oxvde nitrique d'environ 50 . 

400 et 1000 wpm dans I'azote, yeti afin de 

tester toute I'etendue des concentrations de 

NO couramment rencontrees dans la phase 

gazeuse . Les laboratoires ignoraient completement 

Its valeurs theoriques des concentrations 

(fournies a la fin de I essai par 

le fournisseurl. Chaque laboratoire devait 

effectuer sur chacune des bouteilles au 

mains 2 mesures a un our d'intervalle . 

\talgre des diffscultes administrzitnes lies 

laboratoires participants se reparussani enire 

7 pays curopeensn des resultats prelimn 

nacres ont pu titre presentee au Congres de 

l,lanille . en Not emore 1980. Les resultats 

complets n-ioints permenent de titer un 

certain nombre d'enseiencments . 

2347657

Lab o 

I 1 

1 2 

sur 15 mesures 

(13 labos labo 5 

ecclu ) 

our of 15 measure 

7ent s 

13 labs. lab 5 

exceptedI 


RESULTATS COMPLETS fen epm) DE L'ESSAI COLLECTIF 

CORESTA 1980 DU DOSAGE DU N O 

COMPLETE RESULTS (rn cpm) OF THE 1980 CORESTA 

COLLABORATIVE EXPERIMENT ON NO DETERMINATIO N 

BOUTEILLE - BOTTLE 

A B C 

Modele d'analyseur (' ) 

50 .0 407,0 1027 .5 Thermoelectron 10 A 

50 .5 393 .5 935,5 I Beckmann 95 1 

515 385,5 965 .0 BA T 

47 .0 376 .3 976,0 Scott 32 5 

(21 .0) (2420) (949 .0) (Colorimetrie ) 

52,0 367 .0 975,0 non-commercia l 

47 .0 357 .5 9135 BA T 

50 .5 381,5 962,5 BA T 

51 .0 375,0 1001,0 BA T 

52.0 380,0 997,0 BA T 

53 .5 400 .0 1004,0 Thermoelectron 44 

53 .0 385 .0 988 .0 BA T 

56 .5 358 .5 984 .0 non-commercia l 

53,8 376,8 944 .0 BAT 

49,8 388 .0 981-1 BAT 

51 .5 401 .5 1017,0 BAT 

m 513 382 .2 978 . 1 

c 25 14 .7 30,7 

a 4,8 % 3 .8 °° 3 .1 40 

'aleur fournisseu r 

supplier value 51 400 98 0 

ecarl theorique abs. - 0.3 - 17,6 - 1 .9 

:h'O'er .< a l 

do ergence r rel . - 0.6 °t - 43 - 0,2 °o 

f'1 Chrmiluminescence 

Isauf labo Si

T 

knalvsis of the result s 

s Coiorimetn 

is only one laboratory (5) used a colon- 

,aet rc method (Griess .Saltzmann), it is 

unpossible to adopt a definite position on 

this method. It may simply be said that . 

although this method gave in the laboratory 

it question a very acceptable value for the 

strorigesi concentration (949 for 980 vpm), 

ants was not the case for weaker concen . 

:rations (values underestimated by about 

5u °oi . These deviations illustrate the probnns 

raised by calibration with such a 

method . I 

lnterla'boraton correlatio n 

:ire cone!mio, ; be nseen the results of other 

is boratoires, all of irh ich used chent- 

Itrninescence . ntar be considered as sans 

lac; on . as the relative standard deviations 

decreased, contrary to concentrations, front 

4.8 °° for 51 vpm to 3 .1 ° o for 980 vpm . 

The absolute value of concentration s 

The values of the concentrations of the 

standard gases used for calibrating the 

amlt zers appeared, on an average, to be 

colic rem; tit It the values given by the suppliers 

of the mixtures analyzed, as the 

rela : :re deviations of the averages obtain . 

ed were to higher than 4 .5 °to for the mean 

value. the extreme values only deviating by 

0 .6 's and 0 .2 °o . 

I i should, however, be noted that some 

laboratories 17 and to a less extent 41 gave 

a subs ;an ;tal deviation in the same direr 

lion for the three measurements, which 

might be explained by a nominal range 

of calibration concentration weaker than 

the real concentration . Other laboratories 

112 Isar, on the other hand, had very 

marked deviations . sometimes in excess and 

soil en rues insufficient, according to the 

sample. This phenomena appears to sug- 

.es : a badly adapted calibration curve, 

u liicb might be related to : 

- a badly linearized analyzer respons e 

- an twsufficrent number of standards , 

- of a irrm,g value for one of the standards . 

L : :eer,-arron is probably not at fault (at 

r: the case of lob 13a. which use d 

it', vide! used aaliccr . u9nch should_ 

'hn e'ur . . show similar phenomena ui oilier 

bt 


29 

Calorimetri c 

Un seul laboratoire (5) avant utilise one 

methode colorimetrique (methode de Griess- 

Saltzmann) . it est impossible de prendre 

une position de Principe visa-vis de cette 

methode. On peut simplement constater 

que, si cette methode a donne . dans It 

laboratoire considere, une valeur tres ac 

ceptable pour Is plus forte concentration 

(949 pour 980 vpm), it n'en est pas de meme 

pour les concentrations plus faibles (va . 

leurs sous-evaluees d'environ 50 °N) . Ces 

ecarts illustrent le probleme pose par l'etalonnage 

clans une telle methode . 

Correlation inter-laboratoire s 

La correlation entre les resultats des autres 

laboratoires, qui utilisent tous is chimdu' 

minescence. peut titre consideree comme 

satisfaisante, puisque les ecarts-types rela 

tits decroissent, a I'inverse des concentrations, 

de 4,8 °o pour 51 vpm a 3 .1 °'o pour 

980 vpm . 

Valeur absolue des concentrations 

Les valeurs des concentrations des gazetalons 

utilises pour le calibrage des analy 

sours semblent en movenne coherentes avec 

les valeurs annoncees par It fournisseur des 

melanges analyses . puisque les ecarts re 

latifs des moyennes obtenues ne depassent 

pas 4,5 °'o pour Is va :eur movenne, les va 

;curs extremes secartant seulement de 0 .6 °° 

et 02 °%o . 

On peut neanmoins remarquer que certains 

laboratoires (7 et . Bans one moindre me 

sure, 4) ont une forte deviation Bans le 

meme sens pour les trois mesures, cc cut 

pourrait s'expliquer par une gamme detalonnage 

de concentration nominate plus faible 

que Is concentration rectle . D'autres laboratoires 

(12, 13a), ont au contraire des 

ecarts fortement marques tantot par exces . 

tantot par defaut . selon l echantillon. Cc 

phenomene semble indiquer one courbe 

d'etalonnage mal adaptee, cc qui pourrait 

traduire : 

- soit one courbe be reponse de Ianalvseur 

mal linearizee , 

- soit on nombre detalons insuffisants, 

- soil one valour fausse pour I'un des eta- 

Ions utilise s 

La linearisation nest sans duute pas en cam 

se idu moans pour le labo 13 a . qui utilise 

on anah seur ires repandu . qui devrait don : 

manitester le meme phenomene dans les 

autres laboat . 

2347659 

1

c an attempt to provide elements of an 

mrsver to this problem, two laboratories 

f 10 and 13) conducted two series of meas ur e . 

meats, the first on two different analyzers 

,tut, the same standard gases . the second 

on a same analyzer and with standard 

gases of two origins : 

in the case of laboratory 13, it is obvious 

that calibration Or gave results that conformed 

more closely to the theoretical 

values than did calibration (a) ~ the di- 

.vergence between the two could be as 

much as 8 % ; 

- in the case of laboratory 10, a bad 

linearity of the rerponse may be consider 

ed tor. but it comes to the same thing, a 

bad adjustment of the different scales of 

sensitivity used, respective?', to determine 

mutnres B and C). This is not a very 

likely explanation as . compared with the 

theoretical values, there is no reason for 

the dirference to occur of the same direction 

and practically in the same proportions 

for the i vo apparatus . It is more logical to 

assume that the standard mixture used for 

the high concentration had a weaker real 

concentration compared with its nominal 

value (and/or the intermediate standard a 

high real concentration) . 

Conclusion s 

r 

Front these remarks, it is possible to conclud 

e 

that the apparatus used do not appear 

to be responsible, or only very marginal . 

. for the divergencies observed be . 

it teen so different laboratories : 

that, on the other hand, the problem 

of standard gases has not been entirely 

solved, bur it does not appear to account 

for more than 20 to 30 % of the deviations 

observed on the gas phase of cigarette 

smoke in the 1979 CORESTA collaborative 

experiment . 

r 

Prospects 

Cp to now, efforts have been made to 

lorm an opinion of the incidence mr NO 

results o f 

- the apparatus (analyzer proper : 1980 

experiment( . 

- standard gases (Max 1980) , 

relaine tiwrtidi;v of the surroundings 

.here the cigarettes are condrroned (1979 

erperorre it), 


Pour apporter des elements de reponse a 

ce probleme, deux laboratoires (10 et 13) 

ont effectue deux series de mesures, le 

premier sur deux analyseurs differents avec 

les memes gazetalons. le second sur un 

meme anaivseur et aver des gazetalons de 

deux origines : 

F pour le Iaboratoire 13, 11 est visible que 

I'etalonnage (b) donne des resultats plus 

conformes aux valeurs theoriques que I'etalonnage 

(a), Pecan entre les deux pouvant 

aiteindre 8 % , 

- pour It laboratoire 10, on peut penser 

a une mauvaise linearite de la reponse (ou . 

ce quit reviendrait au meme . a un mauvais 

raccordement entre des echelles de sensibilite 

differentes utilisees respectivement 

pour closer les melanges B et C) . Celle ex 

plication est peu vraisemblable, car le de. 

calage par rapport aux valeurs theoriques 

n'aurait pas de raison d'etre dans le me- . 

me sets, et a peu pros dans les memes 

proportions pour les deux appareils . II est 

plus vraisemblable de supposer que le me 

langeetalon utilise pour la concentration 

elevee avail une concentration reelle foible 

par rapport a sa valeur nominale (et/ou 

I'etalon intermediaire une concentration reelle 

fone) . 

Conclusion s 

De ces remarques, it resulte 

que les appareillages utilises ne semblent 

pas en cause, ou faiblement, dans les Saris 

observes entre laboratoires ; 

qu'en revanche It probleme des gazeta- 

Ions nest pas absolument resolu . mais qu'il 

ne semble pas pouvoir justifier plus de 

20 a 30 °N des ecarts observes sur phase 

gazeuse de fumee de cigarette fors de I'es . 

sal collectif CORESTA de 1979 . 

Perspectives 

t 

Jusqu'a present. on a essat'e de se faire 

une idee de I'incidence sur les resultats 

en N O 

- de I'appareillaee (analyseur propremem 

dit : essai 1980),- 

- des gaz-etalons (Mai 1980) , 

- de I'humidite relative de ('enceinte ou 

sort condmonnees les cigarettes lessai 1979, 

f

- ageing of cigarettes (1979 experiment, 

related to the 1978 ventilbuon task force 

es oertrnei: : 

Acne of these factors would appear to 

account for the substantial inter-laboratory 

deviations (up toe = 33 .7 % for ventilated 

cigarettes) observed during the 1979 exper- 

:ment . 

It'hile not leaving aside an enquiry into 

:he absolute values of the concentrations 

o+ the standard mixtures, it would appear, 

therefore, that if it is wished to make 

progress in the knowledge of the factors 

:tat come into play in the results obtain . 

ed when determining Na in cigarette smoke, 

a certain amoant of fundamental research 

is still necessary, and that it should concernrate 

an : 

the co : . iection between the smoking 

,nachme and the analyze r 

- method of injection . 

- representativeness of the puff fraction 

m Iecn o : . 

- comparison of the gas phase circuit 

and the - standard gas . circuit , 

- possibility of the breakdown of a portion 

of the native NO in the tubes (either during 

the injection or, more likely, dunng 

the lapse period prior to injection of the 

following Puff) . 

the possible influence of the type of 

smoking machine . Particularly : is it desir . 

able, for this analysts, to have simultaneous 

smokwg of several cigarettes ? 

These are delicate questions, but it is 

likel. that some part of these investigations 

have already been undertaken, or are being 

so non, and that certain answers exist, 

dispersed in the archives of various tobacco 

research laboratories, or of manufacturers 

of analyzers and of smoking machines. 

The Gas Phase Task Force would 

like to act as liaison body between the 

various sources of such information, in 

order subsequently to validate the isolated 

obser vations by collaborative experiments 

and so make progress in the delicate matter 

of the measurement of nitrogen oxides 

in smoke . 

4 cknowledaemen t 

tie mould like to thank Dr. flits, of the 

Aus mart Tobacco Monopoly, thanks to 

.r lose uriag ntatton and perseverance the 

1980 e.rperinient achieved success . despite 

the main rnaieriaf and adnimistranre off . 

hndues . 


31 

- du vieillissement des cigarettes (essai 

1979, rapproche de I'essai 1978 du sousgroupe 

Ventilation .). 

II semble qu'aucun de ces facteurs ne rende 

compte des ecans inter-laboratoires importants 

(jusqu'a a = 33,7 % pour des cigarettes 

ventilees) observes au cours de 

I'essai 1979 . 

Sans laisser de cote une investigation sur 

les valeurs absolues des concentrations de 

melanges-etalons. it semble donc que, si 

I'on veut faire progresser la connaissance 

des facteurs jouant un role dans Its resultats 

obtenus lers du dosage du NO dans 

la fumee de cigarette, un certain nombre 

d'etudes fondamenlales soient encore necessaires 

. et qu'elles doivent porter sur : 

la jonction entre la machine a Turner et 

I'analyseur : 

- mode d'injection . 

- representativite de la fraction de bouffee 

injectee . 

- comparaison du circuit phase gazeuse 

et du circuit gaz etalo n 

- possibilite de la degradation dune partie 

du NO natif Bans les canalisations (soit 

pendant ('injection, soit plutot durant I'attente 

de l'injection de la bouffee suivante) 

. 

('influence eventuelle du type de machine 

a fumer. En particulier est-il souhaitable 

pour cette analyse d'avoir un fumage 

simultane de plusieurs cigarettes ? 

Ces questions sont delicates . mais it est 

vraisemblable qu'une panic de ces etudes 

ont deja etc entrepnses. ou le sons actuellement, 

et que certafnes reponses existent, 

dispersees, dans les archives de differents 

laboratoires de recherche sur le tabac, ou 

de constructeurs d'analvseurs et de machi . 

nes a futner. Le Groupe de Travail sur la 

Phase Gazeuse souhaiterait servir d'organe 

de liaison entre les differences sources de 

tels renseignements, afin de pouvoir ensuite 

valider les observations isolees par des essais 

collectifs et faire ainsi progresser It 

ddhcat probleme de la mesure des oxydes 

dazote de la fumee . e 

Remerciements 

Que soil ici remercie le Dr Ktrs . de la Re . 

gie Autrichienne des Tabacs . grace a Iimagination 

et a la perseverance de qui lessai 

1980 a pu aboulir malgre de nombreuses 

dsfficultes materielles et administratives . 

t 

2347661

-DOCUMENTS REQUS 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM BULGARI A 

Beu.oi D . 

1981 . . Selected works . 

Edited bs the Bulgarian Academy of 

Sciences . Sofia . 1981 . 424 pages . 

This bound-took (format 24 x 18) includes 

some frill original articles published by 

Dimn'r BkILov during . his long scientific 

career devoted to research on tobacco. Dr . 

BkILot ,as well known in international tobacco 

circles and took an active part in 

three CORESTA' Congresses : at Brussels 

m 1958 . at Salisbury in 1963 and at Athens 

iii 1966 The research presented in this 

volume is divided into four main sections, 

the first, mid by far the most important 

of s,Iuch contains the author's well known 

contributions m the field of plant breeding 

for resistance to disease, and particularly 

his authoritative series of articles on the 

production of Peronospora tabacina resist. 

an, \icotiana tabacum x N. debnevi inter 

specific hybrid. The second section consists 

of faith diverse articles on the ripening 

of the tobacco plant and on certain physiologic 

diseases likely to affect crop quality, 

notable the leaf necrosis known, in eastern 

European countries. under the name of 

Sharilka .. A third, smaller section deals 

urth the biological and chemical control 

of two other tobacco parasites, Thrips tabac 

and brown rape . Finally, the fourth 

section throws light on another aspect of 

D. Belton s activity, in this case technical 

and not scientific, which is his contribution 

;c the development of small equipments for 

tobacco growing : seed harvesting and grading. 

seedbed preparation, leaf stringing and 

curing. In addition to reprinting original 

articles, this book includes a complete 

brbtographr of the author's publications, 

including his parents, covering over fifty 

rears activity (the first reference dates 

back to 1926 .'1. On the whole, we are pre . 

tented here with the sum of a life devoted 

to research . The language barrier of 

Bimiec nmi should not restrict its interreadership 

for some articles are 

tt rte ten it; English or French, and all of 

there are accompanied by a summary in 

E nghsh or ur Gerniari laguage . 


t 

33 

DOCUMENT REcU DE BULGARIE 

BAILOV D . 

1981 . . Oeuvres cholales . 

Edition de ('Academic des Sciences de Bulgarie, 

Sofia . 1981, 424 pages . 

Cet ouvrage cartonne de format 24 x 18 

reproduit rare cinquantaine d'articles originaux 

publics par Dimit'r BMLov au cours 

de sa longue carriere scientifique consacree 

a Ia recherche stir le tabac . Bien connu 

des milieux tabacoles internationaux, le 

Docteur Bettor a participe activement a 

irons Congres du CORESTA : Bruxelles 

1958, Salisbury 1963 et Athenes 1966 . Les 

travaux presences id sont classes en qua . 

ire grands chapitres . dont le premier . de 

loin le plus important, regroupe les contributions 

notoires de I'auteur dans le domaine 

de la selection genetique pour la 

resistance aux maladies . cc en particulier 

sa serie d'articles decisifs sur I'obtention 

de I'hvbride interspecifique Nicotiana m 

bacum x N. debnevi, resistant a Peronospoto 

tabacina. Le second chapitre est constitue 

de publications asset diverses portant 

sur Is maturation de la plante de tabac 

et sur certaines affections phvsiologiques 

susceptibles de mettre en cause la qualite 

de la recolte. notamment la necrose foliaire 

connue, dans les pays d'Europe de 

I'Est. sous le nom de Sharilka . Un 

troisieme chapitre, plus modeste, est consacre 

a la lutte biologique et chimique 

contre deux autres parasites du tabac, 

Thrips rabaci et I'Orobanche. Enfin, le qua . 

trieme chapitre met en lumiere un quire 

aspect, non plus scientifique mais tech . 

nique. de I'activite de D . Beuov, sa contribution 

a la mise au point de petits ma . 

teriels pour la culture du tabac : recolte 

et triage des semences . preparation des se . 

mis. enguirlandage des feuilles, sechage. Om 

ire la reproduction darticles originaux . cei 

ouvrage comporte une bibliographic complete 

des publications de I'auteur - v coin . 

pris ses brevets - au cours de plus de 

cinquante ans d activites Ha premiere re 

ference remonte a 1926 :1. Au total, c'est 

bien la - somme . de touce une vie de 

recherches qui nous est presentee ici . L'obstacle 

de Ia langue bulgare ne devrait pas 

en limiter l audience sur It plan international 

. certams articles sons entierement re . 

diges en anglais ou en francais et tous 

comportent un resume de langue anglaise 

ou aermamque . 

t 

2347662

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM CANADA 

In English and French) Progress in Research 

1978 and 1979. 

Research Branch of Agriculture Canada . 

Information Service :, Canada Agriculture, 

Ottawa KIA OC7 . 

These two bilingual well illustrated 80- 

90 paee documents (format 21.5 x 27 .5) 

take stock of Canadian agricultural research . 

In this sprvey, tobacco has only one page 

under . important crops . where it is in 

the first rank (about 45,000 ha), but this 

page gives a good 'summary of the work 

conducted in the fields of interspecific 

crossing, anther culture, breeding at low 

nicotine tobacco, and mechamcatton of 

harvestin g 

(In French) Summary of Research (1979) 

(with English summaries) . 

St-lean Research Station. Quebec . 

This 63 page document (format 21 .3 x 27 .5) 

summarizes the research done by the 

Station, +vhich has a tobacco department, 

whose work is dealt with in five pages 

it concerns trials on : 

fertilization of Havana 211 cigar tobac. 

co . 

tobacco lines for cigarettes, including the 

,Yordel mentioned in the more general resveir 

Progress in Researc h 

lines of cigar tobacco, 

as well as trials on curing, sucker inhi. 

bition, nematicides, herbicides, and an experunent 

to elucidate the factor responsible 

ror producing the grey color defect known 

as grey tobacco . in fluerured tobacco . 

(In English) 1979 Research Highlights. 

Delhi Research Station . 

This 63 page document (format 21 .5 x 27 .5) 

sunnnarices the research conducted on fluenred 

tobacco at the Delhi station. The 

1979 blue mould epidemic, which destroyed 

about a third of the flue cured crop of 

Co iradian gTow ers . ,as a very severe blow . 


DOCUMENTS REBUS DU CANAD A 

(En anglais at frangais) Etat de la Recher . 

the an 1978 at an 1979. 

Direction Generate de la Recherche d'Agriculture 

au Canada . 

Services din formation, Agriculture Canada, 

Ottawa K1A OC7 . 

Ces deux documents de 80 a 90 pages (for 

mat 213 x 27,5). bilingues, at agreable . 

ment illustres font le point des recherches 

canadiennes an agriculture . 

Dans cat ensemble, le tabac ne represente 

qu'une page dans Is rvbrique grandes 

cultures parmi lesquelles it arrive au 

premier rang (45 000 ha environ), mais cette 

page donne un bon resume des efforts faits 

dans les domaines des croisements interspecifiques. 

des cultures d'antheres. des se . 

lections de tabacs pauvres an goudrons 

comme aussi de Is mecanisation des recoltes . 

(En fran9ais) Resume des Recherches (1979) 

laver resumes anglais) . 

Station de Recherches St-Jean, Quebec . 

Cc document de 63 pages (format 21,5 x 

27 .5) donne le resume des recherches faites 

par la Station, qui a une section tabac . 

aux travaux de laquelie cinq pages sons 

consacrees ; it s'agit d'essais de : 

fertilisation du tabac a cigare Havana 211, 

lignees de tabac pour cigarettes dont le 

Nordel cite dans Is revue plus generate 

Etat de la Recherche . , 

Iignees de tabac a cigares , 

ainsi qua d'essais de sechage, d'inhibiteurs 

de bourgeons, de nematicides, d'herbicides 

at enfin un essai destine a decouvrir Ie 

facteur responsable de la couleur grise du 

tabac fluerured. 

(En anglais) Points hnportants de Is Re, 

cherche (1979) . 

Delhi Research Sation . 

Cc document de 63 pastes (format 21 .5 

27.3) donne le resume des recherches fairer 

a la Station de Delhi sur le tabac flue . 

cured. Lepidemie de rnildiou de 1979. qui 

a detruit le tiers environ de la recolte 

des planteurs canadiens de flue-cured . a etc 

tres durement ressentie . 

34 2347663

- 

7-Thanks to its nine research workers, the 

Station is able to deal, with all the prob . 

)ems relating to the tobacco plant from 

the seedbed to curing and to smoke analy . 

s-, s 

Canadian growers therefore have competent 

advisors at their disposal and very close 

to :hem . 

NB. - Along with the above document, 

tie also received the Research Branch 

Revort of the Dehh Station for 1976-1978 . 

A 7 page brochure (format 16 .5 x 25) which 

eaves a short summary of the research 

conducted at the Swoon and a lust of 

more than jO publications by its research 

workers . 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM KOREA 

BAE Hyo-W'on . 

(In English) Korean ginseng . 

Korean Ginseng Research Institute . 

The Korean Tobacco and Ginseng Research 

lnsutute became a full member of CORES . 

TA in June 1981. Although this book does 

not deal with tobacco. we are drawing it 

to our readers' attention as the Institute 

u-as kind enough to send it to us. It is 

an attractive book of more than 300 pages 

)format 15 x 23) describing the important 

research work carried out on this amazing, 

and very delicate plant known in the Far 

East for more than 2,000 years, which has 

often been called the panacea . 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM SPAIN 

At 

ZARAGOZA JR ., LLANOS M . 

On Spanish) Smoking and Health . 

Editorial A .C. - Gutierre de Cetina, 61, 

Madrid 17. Spain . 

This 182 page book (format 13 .5 x 21) was 

"rite .' by J .R . ZARAGOZA . Professor at the 

Simla Faculty of Medicine and M . LLANOS, 

Director of the Sevilla Tobacco Institute . 

11 is oleasan t h. illustrated, and takes stock 

of the question starring uuh a study of 

tobacco itself : the history of the plant 

and o1 ;he smoking habit, the production 

of the Plant. is edtivation . curing and 

feonemar,on, tobacco quality and the chem i 

63 35 


Grace i ses neuf chercheurs, la Station 

peut aborder tous les problemes concer 

pant le tabac plante, depuis It semis jusqu'au 

sechage, et a ('analyse de Its fumee . 

Ainsi, les planteurs canadiens ont a leur 

disposition des conseillers competents et 

tres proches d'eux . 

N .B. - En mime temps que le document 

ci-dessus, nous avons requ le Rapport de 

is Direction de Is Recherche de la Station 

de Delhi pour 1976-1978, document de 7 pages 

(format 16.5 x 25) qui donne un court 

resume des recherches de Is Station ainsi 

qu'une lisle de plus de 70 publications de 

ses chercheurs . 

DOCUMENT REC,U DE COREE 

BAE Hyo-Won . 

(En anglais) La Ginseng Corten. 

f 

Institut de Recherche du Ginseng de Corte . 

L'Institut Coreen de Recherche sur le Ta' 

bac et le Ginseng est devenu membre actif 

du CORESTA en Juin 1981 . Bien que I'ouvrage 

cite ne concerne pas le tabac . nous 

le signalons cependant a nos lecteurs . car 

ii nous a etc aimablement offert par l'lns' 

titut . C'est un beau livre illustre, de plus 

de 300 pages (format 15 x 23), consacre 

aux importants travaux de recherche sur 

cette plante etonnante et tres fragile. con . 

nue en Extreme-Orient depuis plus de 

2000 ans et a laquelle on a souvent donne 

It nom de panacee . . 

DOCUMENTS RESUS D'ESPAGNE 

t 

ZARAGOZA JR., LLANOS M . 

(En espagnol) Tabac it Santa . 

Editorial A .C. - Gutierre de Celina, 61, 

Madrid 17, Espagne . 

Cc livre de 182 pages (format 13 .5 x 21) 

est ecrit par J .R . ZARAGOZA, professeur a 

la Faculte de Medecine de Seville et M . 

LLANOS. Directeur de I'Iustitut du Tabac 

de cette mime ville . Agreablement illusire. 

it fait it point de la question en coin 

men9ant par )'etude du tabac lui-mime 

I'histoire de la plante et de ('habitude de 

fumer, la production de cette plante, sa 

culture. son sechage et sa fermentation . 

2347664

cal composition of, its smoke, the ps7 

chology of the smoker and the effects of 

tobacco make up for the first half of the 

book. This is followed by some fifty pages 

on health problems . The last twenty pages 

of the book carry four appendices mostly 

comprising statistics on the production of 

tobacco in the world. the nicotine and tar 

contents of some smoking products . Spanish 

legislation on tobacco and the WHO recommendations 

. 

HAwKs S.N. Jr . 

(In Spanish) Flue-cured tobacco - Baltic 

principles of cultivation and curing. 

El Sercicio National de Cultivo v Fermentacion 

del Tabaco. - Zurbano 3 . Madrid 4, 

Spain . 

This is the Spanish translation by an 

agronomical engineer, Heliodoro PEREZ CAR . 

BO .NELL. of S .N. HAWKS Jr.'s basic book 

inscribed to increasing the production of 

high quality Spanish flue-cured . 255 pages 

wash a clear, well presented text and some 

photographs ; an attractive bound book of 

Virginia yellow (format 15 x 23) in which 

the first few pages tell how, originally . 

magnificent golden yellow leaves were obtained 

by accident, owing to a sudden, 

unexpected curing of tobacco leaves with 

charcoal used to rekindle a fire which was 

gong out as a result of a workman's 

negligence . 

DOCL'ME,NT RECEIVED FROM GREEC E 

ARGYROPOULOS J . 

Washing tobacco leaves with hot water 

and their dehydration yield ■ new smok. 

ing material less h mss to the extent 

desired . 

An article by the author on the same 

subject could be found on page 31 of CO . 

RESTA Information Bulletin 1976/1. In the 

present 3 page document he explains how . 

since 1978. he has been operating a small . 

complete installation with which he is able, 

.: less than one hour, to carry out all the 

phases of the treatment lie advocate s 

- washing with hot water in order to break 

our the cells through the mass of the leaf 

and m stash them'. Ore temperature of the 

eater and the durartou of v asliutg dependn:g 

at the quah tv of the tobacco and on the 

desired result as to the elimination of 

ce r+am components 


36 

sa quahte et la composition chimique at 

sa fumee. la psvchologie du tumeur et 

les effets du tabac . occupent la premiere 

moitie de I'ourrage. Puts nennent une cin 

quantaine de pages sur les problemes de 

sante. Quatre annexes constituent les vingt 

dernieres pages du hire surtout faites de 

statistiques sur la production du tabac 

dans le monde, Its faux de nicotine et de 

goudron de quelques produits a turner, la 

legislation espagnole sur le tabac et les 

recommandations de TOMS . 

HAWKS S .N. Jr . 

(En espagnol) Tabac fuecured - Principes 

de base de as culture et de son aechage . 

El Servicio National de Cul2vo y Fermerttacion 

del Tabaco - Zurbano 3 . Madrid 4, 

Espagne . 

II s'agit de la traduction en langue espagnole 

du Iivre fondamental de S_C . HA%%Ks 

Jr .. traduction fait par 1'Ineenieur .Agronome 

Heliodoro PEREZ CARBONELL, dedlee a 

I 'aceroissement de la production de qualttc 

du tabac flue-cured espagnol. 255 pages 

dun texte clair, bien presence, agremente 

de quelques photographies : un beau here 

toile. jaune Virginie (format 15 x 23) qui 

rappelle, dans ses premieres pages . la maniere 

accidentelle qui permit, a l'ong :ne . 

dobtenir de magnifiques feuilles jaunes dorees, 

grace a un sechage imprevu et brusque 

des feuilles de tabac par du charbon 

de boil, utilise pour relancer tin feu quit 

s'eteignait a cause de Is negligence du pre 

Pose . 

DOCUMENT RE~U DE GRECE 

ARGYROVOULOS J . 

Le lavage h 1'eau chaude del feuBlea de 

tabac at least deshydratatlon noun don. 

nent un nouveau prodult a fumer, tnoffenall 

a volonte . 

L'auteur, dont on a pu trouver tin article sur 

le meme sujet a la page 31 du Bulletin 

d'Information du CORESTA, 1976'1, precise, 

dans le present document de 3 pages 

clue depuis 1978 it a mss en route une petne 

installation complete lui permettant de rca 

liser en moms dune heure touics les pha 

ses du traitement preconisc : 

- las'age a I'eau chaude. afro de faire 

eclater les cellules de toute la masse de 

la feuille et en meme temps de les lasela 

temperature de I eau et la duree du 

lavage dependant de )a qualite du taba: 

et du resultat desire quant a I'elimmauon 

de certains constituants : 

2347665 

t j

I- 

- deh,dration by hear and by means of 

m: absorbent substance, which brines about 

the distillation of certain . components . 

- rehydranon of the Leaves to handle them 

mid to conserve them without damage . 

This treatment is suitable both for dried 

and green leaf and makes it possible to 

aerate the leaf and alter, at will, the nic 

onne, tars, chemicals used on tobacco by 

the producers, nitrogenous Components . sub . 

stances comprising albumme and starch 

,itch are converted tmo ;mtrogen monoxide, 

dexvm, etc . . .. an the composition of the 

leaf . 

O„'mg to its porosity, the product obtained 

is lughh combustible and very easily 

a ronari zed. 

Loy.' grade tobacco which often remain in 

sock. can be unproved by this method . 

ihlioueh the treatment described costs 

mare than redrving, this is compensated 

in the fact that the value of all the leaf 

Beat ed is improved as there is no lost 

quality product. The loss of weight of 

burley during redn'ing is IS 'o, whereas 

the treatment described here results in a 

,"eight toss of about 30 % : but, to comnnuate 

for his, filling value is increased 

bs 20 to 25 o o 

Ftialiermore, the treatment water can be 

reused m phvtopharmacv. As an example, 

the aiuhor mentions burley tobaccos whose 

monne content drops from 1 .8 to 0 .16 oo . 

and the tar content from 22 to 7 . whereas 

pesticides . \'O and dextrine disappear. 

f 

DOC(tIE .NT RECEIVED FROM THE MAL, 

DIKE ISLAND S 

Hsvin I .F .A . 

Prospects of tobacco production in Maldive 

Islands i1980, in English i 

Ti is a report made by a tobacco gro,i'- 

'ne spectahst of the FAO for the goner,,. 

'1,,, o' ifa(dtie Islands. as part of a 

i'-, h'ncal cooperation program ore . 

a" r,pemvema! far,,, for ;ramme the 

,~ o' the arcirpelaco has been set 


37 

- deshvdratation par la chaleur et au 

moven dune matiere absorbance, ce qui 

provoque a distillation de certains constituants 

; 

- rehvdratation des feuilles pour pouvoir 

[es manipuler et les conserver sans dom' 

mages. 

Ce traitement convient aussi bien aux tabacs 

seches qu'aux tabacs verts et permet 

l'aeration des feuilles et la modification. 

a volonte. de leur composition en 

nicotine, goudrons, produits chimiques emploves 

par les. producteurs sur le tabac . 

constituants azotes, substances a base d'ab 

bumme et d'amidon qui se transforment en 

oxvde d'azote, dextrine, etc . . . 

Le produit obtenu est parfaitement combos 

tible et tres sensible a 1'aromatisation, gray 

ce a sa porositc . 

Les tabacs de grades inferieurs . qui souvent 

restent en stock, peuvent titre valorises par 

cette methode . 

Si le tout du traitement propose est superieur 

au cout du - redrvmg cela est 

compense par le fait que le produit traits 

est uniformement valorise, done sans qua . 

Ines basses . 

Si la perte de poids des burley au - re 

drying est de 18 oro, Is perte de poids 

due au traitement propose is est de 30 °o 

environ mais . en compensation, le pow 

voir de remplissage augmenie de 20 a 

23 0%0 . 

De plus. es eaux de traitement peuvent 

titre employees en phvtopharmacie. A titre 

d'exemple. I'auteur cite des tabacs burley 

dont le taus de nicotine est passe de 1 .80 

a 0.16 % et le taux de goudrons de 22 a 7 

tandis que les pesticides disparaissaient 

ainsi que NO et Its dextrine . 

DOCUMENT RE[U DES ILES MALDIVE S 

HAMID I .F.A . 

Perspectives de is production des tabacs 

aux Iles Maldives (1980) (en analais i 

II s'aeit dun rapport fait par on expert 

tabacole de la FAO pour le compte du 

Gouvernemeni des Iles Maldives . dans le 

cadre dun programme de cooperation tech . 

nique . 

Cne ferme ex Perimentale. destinee a Ia for 

mation des lermiers de I'archipel . a et c 

2347666

up on Thoddu Island (Alifu Atoll) by the 

government as part of the programm e 

vegetables and fruit trees .. It lies some 

70 km from the capital, Male, a town of 

40 .000 inhabitants, This farm is also used 

as a quarantine station and may study 

tobacco growing . 

Out of the 1 .400 islands in the Maldive 

archipelago, which extends for 800 km from 

north to south and 150 km from east to 

west. only 202 are inhabited by 150,000 is . 

landers . 

The climate is dominated by the monsoon, 

and is therefore warm and',humid . One of 

the characteristics of the soil is a very high 

alkaline level owing to an excess of calcium 

originating in the coral ; the soil, there. 

fore, requires much potassium and nitrogen 

Air-dried . Bidi . type tobacco and other 

dark types of air-orsundried tobacco could 

be grown on such soil, as well as Vir . 

gmia that could be sun dried native 

consumers prefer tobacco with high nic 

otine levels ; local production could supply 

the necessary 40 tons of . Bidi . type 

tobacco . 

In this 22 page report the author gives all 

the explanations necessary for producing 

tobacco in the archipelago and suggests that 

a member of the team working on the 

project should be trained in the Philippines . 

t 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM MAURI . 

TIU S 

Annual Reports of the Tobacco Board (June 

1978 . June 1979 and June 1979 - June 1980) 

(in English l 

Mauritius produces about 900 t of fluecured 

Virginia tobacco (mainly var . NC 95) and 

90 t of aircured Amarello tobacco . 

Virginia is transplanted in February.March, 

for the first season and in August-September 

for the second season. Cyclones sometimes 

cause great damage, not only to crops 

but also to buildings . From mid-January 

to the end of March 1980 extremely heavy 

rainfall compelled growers to resow as often 

as three times . 

The principal insect which attacks tobacco 

is still the caterpillar of Heliothis more 

often than not seedlings fall victim to damp. 

trig Off Many fields of Ama rello are in . 

fected with TMV, trhile some fields of 

I vgmia shots' traces of weather fleck . . 


38 

installee dans l'Ile de Thoddu (atoll d'Alifu) 

par It gouvernement dans It cadre d'un 

programme legumes et arbres fruitiers . . 

a 70 km environ de Male, Its capitale qui 

compte 40000 habitants . Cette ferme, qui 

sea aussi de station de quarantaine 

pourraii s'interesser au tabac. 

Deux cent-deux Iles settlement sont habitees 

par 150000 insulaires sur les 1400 Iles que 

compte l'archipel des Maldives ; celuici 

s'etend sur 800 km du Nord au Sad et 

sur 150 km d'Est en Ouest . 

Le climat est domino par Its mousson ; 

If est donc chaud et humide . Une des ca. 

racteristiques des sols est leur forte alca. 

unite due a l'exces de calcium qui vient des 

coraux ; it taut a ces sols beaucoup de potasse 

et d'azote. Les tabacs seches a fair 

de type Bidi et dautres tabacs de 

type force, seches a fair et au soleil, 

pourraient y titre cultives ainsi que des 

Virginie qu'on secherait au soleil It 

gout des fumeurs indigenes se porte sur le 

tabac riche en nicotine : Is production lo. 

cale pourrait fournir Its 40 tonnes necessaires 

de tabac type Bidi . . 

L'auteur . dans cc rapport de 22 pages, don. 

ne toutes Its explications necessaires a la 

production du tabac dans I'archipel et sug. 

gore qu'un membre de I'equipe qui s'occupera 

de celleci soft forme aux Philippines . 

a 

DOCUMENTS RESUS DE L'ILE MAURIC E 

Rapports annuels du Consell du Tabac (Juin 

1978 . Juin 1979 et Juin 1979 . Juin 1980) 

(en anglais ) 

L'Ile Maurice produit environ 900 t de tar 

bac Virginie flue-cured (essentiellement var 

NC 95) et 90 t de tabac Amarello . air . 

cured . 

Le repiquage du Virginie se fait en Feerier . 

Mars pour la premiere saison et en Aout 

Septembre pour Is seconde . Les cyclones 

causent parfois de tres importants dommages. 

non seulement aux recoltes, mais 

aussi aux batiments. De la mi-Janvier a Is 

fin Mars 80, des chutes de pluies tres im 

portantes ont oblige Its producteurs a re . 

faire lours semis jusqu'a trots tots. 

Le principal insecte ravageur des tabacs 

reste Is chenille d'Heltothts ; Its semis 

sont le plus souvent victimes de la ,. Ionte 

. . De nombreuses plantations d' .Amarello 

sons attaquees par le TMV . tandis que quelques 

champs de Virginie presentent des tra . 

ces de - weather fleck . 

2347667

The import and extension services remain 

ur close contact with growers. 

The Research Siation at Richelieu is con . 

: :numg trials on : 

various varieties, which are compared 

,,it;, NC95 SC66 . SC72, Speighr G28, 

Coker 86, Coker 347 ; NC95 retains the top 

place ; 

more specially the variety Speight 0218 

,chid, has high quality leaf : 

optimum plantation dates ; 

Eihrel. a product that hastens leaf ripen- 

300 cm'[J .000 litefs water, on .NC95 

uncondusrve trials ; 

chemical- suckering products (on NC95) 

Rovaltac (contact) followed by OM30 (s's . 

remit,. MN 30 (systemic), Offshoot T85 

(contact' followed by OM 30, Offshoot T85 

,alone,. OA 130 (alone), manual suckering : 

01130 alone ,as the best : new trials 

are to be conducted ; 

insect control ; decamethrin (synthetic 

perethroid) was better than methonvl (dangerous 

to the grower) and monocroropho s 

c-P-K fertilization ; 

CMI' resistant varieties, Speight G28, 

Speighr G33, SCR, Coker 86, Coker 347 . 

Yellow Mammoth and NC 95 ; all these 

varieties are susceptible . 

t 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM LA REU- 

NION , 

From September 1980 to the end of '81 we 

recen'ed a large number of documents in 

French from !RAT-Reunion, which are at 

the disposal of our members. We give beto,r 

a list of these documents with some 

comments . 

Ho4Rku M . 

)RAT-Rdunlon - Annul Report 1979 

This report comprises nearly 200 pages 

ants 54 of them are devoted to tobacco, 

compared u'uh 90 in the 1978 report. At 

CORES TA's request . old varieties of tobac 

co of Reunion and other islands in the 

Indian Ocean have been located and included 

it the collection under observation 

at the )RAT 5 :anon at Mon Caprice . . 

T ;,e tobacco known as Gros Cdre . (Thick 

P!hP iron the Seychelles s,'htch has the 

hlehes : nxonne content (2.8 ',o) and +, hich 


I 

39 

Les services de )'importation at de la vulgarisation 

restent an contact etroit avec 

les planteurs . 

La Station de Recherche, situee a Richelieu . 

poursuit ses essais sur : 

differentes varietes que Ion compare a 

NC 95 Sc 66 . SC 72. Speight G28, Coker 86 . 

Coker 347 ; NC 95 garde la premiere place 

: 

plus specialement la iterate Speight G 218 

dont Its feuilles sent de grande qualite 

les dates optimales de plantation ; 

1'Ethrel. produit qui hate la maturation 

des feuilles ; 300 cm3/1000 litres d'eau . sur 

NC 95 essais non concluants ; 

des products inhibiteurs de bourgeons (sur 

NC95) : Rovaltac (contact) suivi de OM 30 

(svstemique) . MH 30 (svstemique) . Off-Shoot 

T-85 (contact) suivi de OM 30, Off-Shoot T-85 

(seul). OM30 (scup, ebourgeonnement manuel 

OM 30 seul vient an t&te ; de nom 

veaux essais sont a faire ; 

la lutte contre Its insectes : la decame' 

thrive (pvrethroide de svnthese) se revele 

supeneure au methomvl (dangereux pour 

le pianteur) at au monocrotopho s 

la fertilisation N-P- K 

des varietes resistantes au CMV . Speighr 

G 28, Speight G 33, SCR . Coker 86, Coker 347 . 

Yellow Mammoth at NC 95 : routes ces varietes 

sent sensibles . 

DOCUMENTS REC,L'S DE L'ILE DE LA 

REUNION 

Depuis it mois de Septembre 1980 at jusou'a 

fin 81 . nous avons requ de nombreux 

documents an Francais de )'IRAT-Reunion . 

documents que nous tenons a la disposition 

de nos membres at dont nous donnons ci' 

dessous une liste commentee . 

HOARAu M . 

IRAT-Reunlon - Rapport annual 1979 

Cc document comporte pros de 200 pages 

le tabac n'v occupe plus que 54 pages (con . 

tre 90 Bans It rapport 78) : signalons la 

recherche at la mise an collection d'obser' 

cation la la demande du CORESTA) des 

%seilles varietes de tabac de la Reunion at 

dautres Iles de I'Ocean Indian, a la Station 

IRAT de Mon Caprice .. Citons It 

tabac des Iles Seychelles . dii - Gros Cole . 

qui a le plus fort tau' de nicotine (2 .8 to, 

at cut est resistant au fletrissement bacte ' 

2347668

is resistant to bacterial wilt (Pseudomonas 

solanaceanun) shouk7 be mentioned as 

should the collection of low nicotine tobaccos 

the end of the trials with Oriental 

tobacco (only the powdery mildew resistant 

Pobeda 3 could, if necessary, be adopted) 

trials on copious irrigation to improve lire 

holding capacity (chlorine leaching) ; the 

introduction of the bushy Nicotiana glauca 

for rearing aleurodes . 

Annual Report 1980 

a 

Only I8 pages are devoted to tobacco 

the% surnmar:ee works mentioned hereafter . 

SARAGONi H . 

The results of 1979 cultivation trials (1960 

preliminary report ) 

This 176 page document gives the annual 

summary of trials conducted o n 

- the supply of potassium which improves 

tobacco's lire holding capacity oniv if 

it is given to the preceding crop (sugar 

cane having a better influence than forage 

crops ) 

- the introduction of the loss nicotine vat 

lets Carmen Cubira which has good fire 

holding capacity but gives low yields and 

is susceptible to powdery mildew, mosaic 

and nematodes ; 

- the use of 2 .4-D as a spray, which reduces 

the nicotine content of bottom leaves 

be 3: °a : 

- the resistance of the var . Irabourbon N I 

to powdery mildew which was confirmed 

- the yields of dark fire-cured tobacco 

hich were too low to warrant production 

being continued ; 

- ton' topping of lrabourbon N I that saved 

a lot of time but reduced yield ; 

- the use of difenamide as a sprat just 

be tore transplmnwe : this herbicide is in 

no nos toxic to tobacco : 

- spra vn,e with a syst erttic sucker mhibitor 

con taming maleic hydrazide nduch 

,as ie rs effect tie . 


40 

hen (Pseudomonas solanacearum). Signalons 

aussi la collection des tabacs a faible 

teneur en nicotine : la conclusion des 

essais de tabacs d'Orieni (seul le Pobeda 3 . 

resistant a I'oidium, pourrait etre. a Is ri . 

gueur. retenu) ; les essais d'irrigation abondante 

pour ameliorer la combustibilite (lessivage 

du chlore) ('introduction de 1'espece 

Nicotiana gglauca, arbustive, pour un 

elevage daleurodes . 

Rapport annual 199 0 

r 

Le tabac n'v occupe plus que IS pages qui 

resument les travaux dont it est rendu 

compte ci-dessous . 

SARAGOSI H . 

Resultats des tints cultlves an 1979 (pr6 

rapport 1980 ) 

Cc document de 176 pages fait la synthese 

annuelle des essais su r 

- I'appon de potasse, qui n'ameliore la 

combustibilite du tabac que s"il est effecthe 

sur les cultures precedentes Na canne 

a sucre aunt une meilleure influence que 

les fourraaes ) 

- V introduction de to variete Carmen Cu . 

bita a faible taux de nicotine et a bonne 

combustibilite, mais dont le rendement est 

faible et qui esr sensible a l'oidium . a la 

mosaique et aux nematodes ; 

- ('utilisation du 2,4-D en pulverisation, 

out reduit de 35 ?,o la teneur en nicotine 

des feuilies basse s 

- )a resistance a oidium de la var. Ira . 

bourbon N I . qui est confirmee 

- la production des tabacs ., dark fire. 

cured . . de trop faible rapport pour titre 

poursuici e 

- I'ecimage has de ('lrabourbon N1, qui 

fait gagner beaucoup de temps . mais qui 

reduit le rendemen t 

- I 'emplo, de la difenamide, en pulverisation. 

uste avant s plantation . cat herbicide 

rte presente aucune toxtcite pour lit 

taba c 

- n outs erisation dun mhibneur ss stem, 

que de bourgeons. a base d'hs drazide male ; 

due tres efficace . 

234766 9

W 

SARAGO-.t H . 

Fire holding capacity and nicotine contents 

of tobacco grown in L& Reunion 

Tins 51 page document contains the sum . 

:ern announced in the 79 preliminary 

eport (COREST .4 Bulletin 90/1 p. 11, last 

,$i nombl>, it gives on p . 8 a map of La 

Reunion showing the /ire holding capacity 

of tobaccos ; on p. 23 another map shows 

urcot'ne rates of tobaccos . To characterize 

he fire holding capactty of domestic tobaccos. 

the author has chosen the formula 

K - I tfe - Cl) ; he recommends a progressire 

enrichment of the soil in exchangeable 

K b' non-drip[lmated potassium fertilizers 

applied to eaeln crop in the rotation, and 

.: reduct.o,i of leaf chlorine content by 

r. òiishung chlorinated fertfrzers and organohtornna'ed 

pesticides, as tieli as manure 

cad by leaching chlorine in the soil. An 

.. c, :d :.s gives ":any results of tobacco and 

:o aralvse s 

S , nco-'t H 

Summary of chemical suckering trials on 

tobacco 

h: this 9 page article the author comes to 

are conclusion that Tabuil x 100 and OMnn 

_ystenr:c products are more effective, an d 

e applied four times more quickly than 

:ire vegetable oil tested . Vegesic. 

S .Rtc]V H 

Review of low topping and low plant 

population trials on tobacco 

This 7 page paper shows the necessity for 

air economic study to be made for each 

ripe of crowing situation in order to disco,,- 

,herhe, the substantial gam in time 

obia:ued bi' reducing the number of leaves 

hi ` eo (doubling the space between plants 

.'r the row, low topping to 12-15 leaves 

u':d the Improvement in quality compensates 

0, the loss in yield by I t/lm . 

51RAGO't H . 

Collaborative experiment on tobacco powden 

mildew Iwordwlde results of 7 years 

experimentation proposed by CORESTA - 

19741980 1 

This 12 page docusnem gyres, ire the form 

l shies . rig results of this ,,'orldvide 

t prrnnen: conducted by eleren countrie s 

the io,the,, irennsohere and ht three 

:4. so, ;4e.n hemisphere It silos clear . 

:Ira, onh tire Jooores . Inrrc:' Kokuhu re 

Wed 1 -c from porder, nnlde,, i,, the 


41 

SARAGASI H . 

CombustlblUte et nicotine des tabacs cultives 

a L Reunion 

Ce document de 51 pages fait la smthese 

annoncee Bans It pre-rapport 79 (Bulletin 

CORESTA 80/1 p . 11, dernier §) ; on trou 

ye. en particulier. en p. 8, one came de 

la Reunion sur laquelle est indiquee la 

combustibilite des tabacs : cane autre carte, 

p. 23, donne les faux be nicotine des tabacs. 

Pour caracteriser la combustibilite des 

tabacs indigenes . 1'auteur a choisi la formule 

K - (Mg + CII ; it recommande 

can enrichissement progressif du so) en K 

echangeable grace aux engrais potassiques 

non Tortures apportes sur chacune des cultures 

de I'assolement, et one reduction de 

is teneur foliaire en chlore par suppression 

d'engrais chlorures et de pesticides organochlores. 

ainsi que de furrier, et par lessi . 

cage du chlore dans les sots . On trouve en 

annexe de nombreux resultats d'analvse de 

tabacs et de sols. 

SARAGOSI H . 

Synthetic des essds .d'ebourgeonnement chlmtoue 

du tabac 

Ce document de 9 pages conclut a la plus 

grande efficacite des oroduits systemiques 

Tabuil x 109 et OM-30, products dont I'application 

demande quatre fois mains de 

temps que Celle de Thuile veaetale testee . 

Vegesic . 

SARAGORI H . 

Svnthese des essals d'edmage bas at de 

denslte falble sur taba c 

Cc document de 7 pages conclut a la ne 

cessite dune etude economique par type 

d'exploitation. afro de savoir si les gains 

importants de temps dos a la reduction 

de 75 °o du nombre be feuilles (double 

rent de lecartement entre plants sur Its 

rangs, ecimaae has de 12-15 feuilles) et 

I amelioration qualitative sons en mesure de 

compenser la pone de rendement de 1 t/ha . 

SARAGOSI H . 

Essal collectif sur 1'oidlum du tabac (bi. 

Ian mondial de 7 annees dune experimentation 

proposes par le CORESTA - 1974-1980 ) 

Ce document be 12 pages donne . sous for. 

me de nb'eau\ le, resu!tats de cette ex' 

oerimentation mondrale out a etc faire 

par onze oat, do I'hemi sphere nord et trois 

be 1hemisnhere sod. II en ressort en par 

t:cuher. que scr9c It, ranete iaponaise Nokubu 

est rester mdcmne doidium, e n 

2347670

field : it is a Kuofan selection produced 

in the Province of Kagoshima from seed 

brought from Europe in the 16th century . 

1 : would appear from these experiments 

that the varieties that derive their resistance 

from Nicotiana tabacum are more resistant 

in the field than those in which it deriv. 

ed from Nicotiana debnevi or from Nicotiana 

glutinosa . It may also be said that 

there exists one or more strains of Ervsiphe 

cichoracearum capable of suppressing tobacco 

resistance : furthermore, strains of 

the northern hemisphere appear to differ 

from those of the southern hemisphere. It 

was observed that, among the varieties 

tested, Irabourbon NJ possessed a certain 

stable tolerpnce (doubtless horizontal re . 

sistancel. This varier, derives its resistance 

to powdery mildew from Nicotiana tabs . 

cum var . .4marello. 

SARAOONi H . 

Carmen Cubits, a low nicotine dark tobacco 

with good fire holding capacit y 

In this 5 pace document the author comes 

to the conclusion that, at present, this 

'artery is of no interest to growers of La 

Reunion. as it is susceptible to powdery 

mildew and has a lower resistance to 

mosaic and to nematodes than Irabourbon 

N I ; it gives low, yields ; it could only 

be worthwhile growing if a very high pre . 

mium were offered for low nicotine tobac . 

co (onl, half the level found in Irabourbon 

N1) and if the fire holding capacity pre . 

mium was raised substanrialiv (fire holdire 

capacity three times that of Irabourbo n 

SARAd0NI H . 

Review of varietal trials on dark tirecured 

tobacco 

This IS page document makes the point 

that the production of dark fire-ured tobacco 

is of no interest in La Reunion 

notably because of growers' lack of techni. 

cal know-how compared with USA growers, 

mid the welfare taxes ithich are much 

higher than in .Malawi, not to speak 

of the defects inherent in fire-cured to . 

bacco flack of gum and of aroma, exces . 

site sugar levels, smoking too weak, brittle 

/issues. etc .. .) . 

SARACoNI H . 

Review of experiments on the aftereffect 

of potassium on tobacco . The effect on fire 

holding capacit y 

I-i this It pace document the author first 

ie,nnids his readers than, on medic soils 


I 

42 

champ : it s'agit d'une selection de Kuofan 

selectionnee Bans Its Province de Kagoshima 

a partir de semences introduites d'Europe 

au Ibe siecle . 11 semble ressortir des es 

sais que les varietes qui tirent /curs resis . 

tances de Nicotiana tabacum sons plus re 

sistantes, sur champ, que celles Out tirent 

leur resistance de Nicotiana debneyi ou de 

Nicotiana glutinosa. On pent d'autre part 

affirmer qu'il existe use ou plusieurs souches 

d'Erysiphe cichoracearum capables de 

briser la resistance des tabacs : it semble' 

raft. de plus, que les souches de ('hemisphere 

Hord ne soient pas celles de ('hemisphere 

sud. Notons due, carmi routes Ies varietes 

essavees. I'Irabourbon NI possede une to . 

lerance certaine et stable (resistance horizontale 

. sans doute) . Celle variete tient sa 

resistance a I'oidium de Nicotiana rabacunt, 

var. Amarillo . 

SARAGON( H . 

Le Carmen Cubits . on tabac brun a faible 

teneur en nicotine et a bonne combustibillt e 

Cc document de 5 pages conclut au non interet 

immediat de cette variete pour Ies 

planteurs reunionnais, car elle est sensible 

a I'oidium et resiste moins bien a Its mosaique 

et aux nematodes que I'Irabourbon 

N I : elle donne un rendement faible 

elle ne pourrait dire interessante que si 

une tres forte prime etait instauree pour 

les tabacs a faible taux de nicotine (moitie 

de celui de I'Irabourbon N 1) et si Is prime 

de combustibilite etait tres revalorisee 

(combustibilite triple de Celle de I'Irabour. 

bon N I ) . 

SARAOONI H . 

Synthese des essais varlataux de tabacs 

bruns sechts a Is tumee 

Ce document de 15 pages conclut au non 

intent de la production de tabacs dark 

fire-cured a La Reunion . en particulier a 

cause de la faible technicite des planteurs . 

par rapport a celle des planteurs des USA, 

et des charges sociales tres elevees par 

rapport a celles du Malawi . sans parler 

des defauts des tabacs fumes eux-memes 

(manque de gomme ei d'arome, teneur en 

sucre trop elevee. fumage trop faible . ts' 

sus cassants, etc .) . 

SAR10ON1 H . 

Svnthese des essais d'arriere action potassicue 

sur tabac. Incidence sur Is corm 

bustibillte 

Dans ce document de 16 pages . I'auteur 

rappelie d abord que . sur sols a caracter e 

2347671

high potassium fertilisation of tobacco has 

no effect on its fire holding capacity ; on 

the other hand, the level of exchangeable 

potassium may increase in these soils if 

substantial amounts of potassium are applied 

to preceding crops . Sugar cane grown 

beforehand appears to be clearly preferable 

to forage crops (for 4 years) ; in both 

cases fire holding capacity is improved . 

Eventually. the anti-fire holding capacity 

effect of magnesium is demonstrated, especially 

when forage crops are grown before 

tobacco . 

SkRAGANI H . 

Development of six varieties of dark tobacco 

resistant to powdery mildew (Erysiphe 

clchoracearum ) 

This 83 page document comprises some 

Oft, tables 5 varieties were crossed with 

lrabourbon N 1, which is tolerant to powders 

mildew. hardy, gives good yields and 

is fairly easy to cure and to store, but 

is only of average quality ; in 1973 it was 

listed in the CORESTA catalogue of resistant 

varieties (n' 120) . These five varieties are. 

Rio Grande. Galpao. Paraguay Claro, Mistonero 

and Western . The F6 were assessed in 

1980 ; only six lines were retained, whose 

dames are given in the following table : 

Cod e 

des hvbrides 

Nom 

RG x IN I - 3 RIOGIRABO N 

G x IN I - I GALPIRABO N 

PC x IN I - I PARAGUIRABON 1 

PC x IN I - 2 PARAGUIRABON 2 

PC x IN 1- 3 PARAGUIRABON 3 

W x IN I - I WESTIRABON 


andique, une fertilisation potassique clevee 

sur tabac n'a aucune influence sur sa combustibilite 

; par contre. le taux de potas . 

sium echangeable peut croitre dans ces 

sols grace a des apports potassiques im . 

ponants sur cultures precedentes. Le precedent 

canne a sucre semble nettement 

preferable au precedent four-rage (pendant 

4 ans) ; dans les deux cas, la combustibilite 

est amelioree . A ('occasion, I'ac . 

tion anticombustibilite du magnesium est 

mise en evidence, particulierement dans le 

cas du precedent fourrage . 

S4RAGO%t H . 

Creation de six varietes de tabac bran 

resistantes it l'oldium (Erysiphe cichoracearum 

) 

Ce document de 83 pages comporte une 

cinquantaine de tableaux ; 5 vanetes ont 

ete croisees avec I'lrabourbon N 1, tolerance 

a l'oidium, rustique . de bonne produc . 

uvite, au sechage et a la conservation asset 

faciles mais de qualite movenne . inscrite 

en 1973 sous le n° 120 au catalogue 

CORESTA des var . resistances. Les cinq varietes 

sont, Rio Grande, Galpao . Paraguay 

Claro, Misionero et Western. L'expenise des 

F6 a ete realisee en 1980. Six lignees seulement 

ont ere retenues, dont les noms 

sont donnes dans le tableau ci-dessous : 

Appellations varietales definitive s 

Abreviation inscriptio n 

catalogu e 

CORE TA 

Resistance 

RI 205 , tolerant a I'oidium 

GI 206 tolerant a i'oidiu m 

PI 1 207 tolerant a I'oidiu m 

PI2 208 tolerant a l'oidiu m 

PI 3 209 tolerant a 1 'oidiu m 

WI 210 tolerant a 1'oidiu m 

TABLEAL 10 Appellations definitives des six varietes retenues et numeros d'inscription au 

catalogue CORESTA des varietes resistantes Correspondances aiec les denymmations 

Icodesi utihsees pendant la selectio n 

TABLE 10 - Defuutti a names of the six varieties retained and the numbers ene', them in 

the COREST4 Catalogue of resist eat va times Corte i pondeuces ii ith the denomirtauons 

icodesi used dwnte selectio n 

43 

2347672

The author notes thagythe development of 

these lines did not necessitate backcrossing 

. , i: h Irabourbon N I to retain powder y 

:.'de, resistance, which is a remarkable 

fact ; yields range from 3 to 3.5 t/ha and 

colour after curing is good. Two out of 

i':ese s:x tobaccos are outstanding ; Para. 

euirabon 2 and Galpirabon ; leaves are of 

nit even rather warm colour with a ten. 

dent' towards light brown-red ; the fire 

holding capacity of Paraguirabon 2 is marked!, 

better than that of the other tobaccos. 

Numbered 208 in the CORESTA Catalogue 

it should cause the tobacco produciron 

of La Reunion to be put into the 

caiegor3 Paraguay and its hybrids 

(EEC referbtces) . 

StRAcoa H . 

Tobacco grower' handboo k 

In this 62 page document . the author sums 

is the research conducted by IRAT.Reunion 

front 1963 to 1981 at all stages of the production 

of dark air-cured tobacco for cuttntC 

Thtc book is so full of matter that 

it is d:ificult to summarize. The author 

v.ouid like to see it in the hands of every 

one responsible for tobacco in La Reunion, 

as well as growers and popularizers (and 

perhaps tobacco people in other countries) 

not,' that IRAT is bringing its tobacco 

research activities in La Reunion to an end . 

1 ; is to be hoped that the remarkable work 

carried out for IS nears, and which is 

summed up in the Tobacco Growers' Handbook. 

v'ill continue to bear fruit for the 

benefit of the growers of La Reunion 1 

SARAGO61 H . 

List of publications dealing with tobacco 

This is a sort of subject index relating to 

tt'e research conducted by IRAT.Reunion 

i:'ont 1961 to 1981 ; it is indispensable for 

anyone who is interested in undertaking 

nether work and who does not want to 

repeat what has been done already .' 

SARACASI H . 

Trial card s 

n. 10 - Trial of herbicide on tobacco 

4p,d 811 . 

II - Reduction of tobacco nicotine 

co- vent bt sprarmg irirh 2YD (April '81) . 

12 - Production of tobacco seed 1980 

14p"1 '81 1 

13 - Etlendme the cc, tuna :ion capann 

of iobocco ;front September 1973 1o the end 

0' 19801 14pn! '81 i 


33 

Lauteur fait remarquer que Is creation de 

ces lignees n' a pas necessite de retrocroisement 

avec 1'Irabourbon N 1 pour conserver 

la tolerance a I'oldium, cc qui est remarquable 

les rendements vont de 3 a 

3.5 t/ha et la coloration, apres sechage . est 

bonne. Parini ces six tabacs deux se clan 

sent nettement en tote : le Paraguirabon 2 

et le Galpirabon ; leur coloration est uniforme, 

asset chaude, a tendance marronrouge 

clair ; la combustibilite du Para 

guirabon 2 est nettement superieure a Celle 

des autres tabacs ; inscrit au catalogue 

du CORESTA sous le n' 208 . ii devrait faire 

passer hi production reunionnaise taba- 

Cole dans a categoric Paraguay et ses 

hvbrides . (references CEE) . 

SARALoN1 H . 

Manuel du planteur de tabac 

Dams cc document de 62 pages . I'auteur fait 

le bilan des recherches effectuees par I'IRAT- 

Reunion de 1963 a 1981, a tous les stades 

de la production des tabacs bruns scenes 

a fair et destines a Is coupe . Document 

tres dense qu'il est difficile de resumer et que 

I'auteur souhaite voir mis entre les mains 

des responsables . vulgarisateurs et producteurs 

reunionnais let peut-titre meme en 

dehors de 'lle), au moment ou I'IRAT cesse 

ses activites de recherches tabacoles a 

La Reunion. Puisse le travail remarquable 

accompli pendant 18 ans . et dont cc Manuel 

du Pianteur de Tabac fait la synthese . continuer 

a porter ses fruits pour le plus grand 

bier des planteurs reunionnais ! 

SARAOONI H . 

Liste des publications sur It Tabac 

II s'agit dune some d'index .mauere relatif 

aux resultats des recherches faites par 

1'IRAT-Reunion de 1961 a 1981 : document 

indispensable a ceux qui, interesses par 

de nouveaux travaux . souhaiteraient ne pas 

recommencer cc qui a deja etc fai t 

SARA6oNt H . 

Fiches d'essals 

n 10 - Essai d'herbicide sur le tabac 

tAvril 811 . 

n 11 - Reduction de la teneur en nicotine 

du tabac par pulverisation de 2 .4-D tAvril 

811 . 

n 12 - Production semenciere tabacole 

1980 I Avril 81) . 

n 13 - Prolongation du poutoir zerminanf 

du tabac (de Septembre 1973 a fin 19801 

1 Avril 81) . 

2347673

1 14 - Pre'tmrnarv stud, of thermorherap) 

1 asp tobacco mosaic (Aprjl 81). 

IS - A nursery for growers, 1980 season 

lfav 811 . 

17 - Production and price of dark tobacco 

in 1980 ; the development of this 

production since 1975 (May '811 , 

n- IS - Collaborative experiment on tobacco 

powdery nulden ; 7th year - 80/2 (Mac 

1981) . 

W 27 - Nurseries for growers . Season 

1981 (July '811 . 

w 28 - .Muhflocal establishment of six new 

varieties of Lark tobacco (Jul ., 19811 . 

n 32 - Collaborative experiment on tobac 

co powdery mildew - 8if year . 81/3 (Au . 

post 1981) . 

38 - Tobacco seed production 1981 (Sep 

:ember 1981) . 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM INDI A 

t 

Central Tobacco Research Institute News 

letter Rajahmundry (In English ) 

3"oi. I . n' 1 .2.3-4 of 1979 and Vol . 2. n° I 

of 1980 . 

These 10-16 page quaterly bulletins (format 

22.5 x 28.51 give news of the life of the 

Institute and at the tobacco regions ; they 

include many photographs and give advice 

to planters a frequently occurring item 

is - tab to land program . ; this title 

demonstrates the intent at the C.T.R .I.'s 

leaders that the results of research should 

be circulated in a practical manner . 

f 

Annual Report 1978-1979 (In English) (ac 

companied by a 23 page periodic report on 

the seasons of 77-78 and 78.79) . 

Indian Council of Research in Agriculture - 

Nev Delhi . 

This annual report is a bulky 427 page 

docu-n ent Iforniat 21 x 28 .51 : it includes 

all the trials conducted on Indian territory 

to tin prove domestic tobacco : it is an 

ranged very systematically and eventhing 

is sorted i e,, concise!% ; it represents a 

considerable effort of compilation and suns . 

nar[uug which is all to the honour of 

India : reseo rcli porkers . 


43 

n- 14 - Etude preliminaire de la thermotherap:e 

sur la mosaique du tabac (Avril 

81) . 

P.- 15 - Pepiniere destinee aux planteurs 

Campagne 80 (Mai 81) . 

n- 17 -- Production et prix des tabacs 

bruns en 1980 ; evolution de cette production 

depuis 1975 (Mai 81) . 

n- 18 - Experimentation collective sur 

I oidium du tabac : 7e annee - 80/2 (Mai 81) . 

n° 27 - Pepinieres destinees aux planteurs 

Campagne 1981 (Juillet 81). 

n' 28 - Implantations multilocales de six 

nouvelles varietes de tabac brun (Juillet 81) . 

n" 32 - Experimentation collective sur 

I'oidium du tabac - 8e annee - 81/3 (AoCit 

81) . 

n- 38 - Production semenciere tabacole 

1981 (Septembre 1981) . 

DOCUMENTS RECUS DE L'INDE 

Bulletins d'Infortnatlons de 1'Instltut Central 

de Recherches sur It Tabac tie Rajahmundry 

ten anglais) . 

Vol. 1, n 1 .2.3-4 de 1979 et vol. 2, n° I de 

1980 . 

Ces Bulletins de 10 a 16 pages chacun (for 

mat 22,5 x 28 .5) donnent, tnmestriellement . 

des nouvelles de la vie de I'Institut et des 

regions a tabac : ils comportent de nombreuses 

photographies et donnent des con . 

seils aux planteurs : une rubrique revient 

souvent du laboratoire au champ . dont 

le titre, tres significatif, montre bien la volonte 

des responsables du C .T .R .I . de diffu. 

ser de facon pratique Its resultats des recherches 

. 

t 

Rapport annuel 1978-1979 (en anglais) (accompagne 

dun etat periodique relatif aux 

campagnes 77-78 et 78-79 de 23 pages) . 

Conseil Indien de la Recherche en Agricul . 

ture - Nnr Delhi. 

Ce rapport annuel est un volumineux docu . 

ment de 427 pages (format 21 x 28 .5) : 

on pourra )' trouver )'ensemble des essais 

faits sur le territoire de IInde en cue 

d'ameliorer les tabacs indigenes : la presentation 

est tres svstematique et tout est 

dit de fagon tres concise : it s'agn la dun 

travail de compilation et de scnthese con . 

siderable qui est tout a I'honneur des chercheurs 

indiens . 

2347674

The following are the, main tobacco research 

stations : 

- Rajahmundrv, in Andhra Pradesh State, 

which is also the headquarters of the 

Central Tobacco Research Institute (CTRI) ; 

this station studies flue-cured Virginia 

- Pusa. m Bihar, studies chewing tobacco. 

- Shimoga. in Karnataka State, studies 

FCV and burley , 

- Anand, in Gujarat, studies Bidi tobacco, 

chewing tobacco and FCV on light soils , 

Then come the secondary stations : 

- Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) which studies 

FCV and Naiu tobacco, 

- Hunsur (Karnataka) which works on 

FCt' on light soils and burley, 

- Dmhara (,esters Bengal) where cigar 

tobaccos (wrapper and filter) are studied, 

- Kawati which studies FCV and irrigated 

Natu , 

- Nipani (Karnataka) where Bidi is studied . 


\..~ .. 

. l 

SHIMOGAN 

N I PAN IN C 

Rappelons It nom des stations principales 

de recherches sur le tabac 

- Rajahmundrv, situe dans I'Etat d'Andhra 

Pradesh. est aussi It siege de l'lnstitut 

Central de Recherches sur It Tabac (CTRL) ; 

cette station etudie le Virginia flue-cured 

(FCV) , 

- Pusa, daps It Bihar, etudie le tabac a 

macher, 

- Shimoga, dans l'Etat .de Kamakata, etw 

die le FCV et le burley , 

- Anand, daps It Gujarat, etudie le tabac 

dit Bidi , le tabac a macher ainsi que 

It FCV sur sots legers , 

PI-et s . RAJ :IHMURDR Y 

µ AVAU 

1 

Viennent ensuite les stations secondaires : 

- Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) qui etudie le 

FCV et le tabac dit Natu , 

- Hunsur (Karnataka) qui etudie le FCV 

sur sots legers et le burley , 

- Dinhata (Bengale occidental) qui etudie 

les tabacs pour cigares (cape et remplissage) 

. 

- Kavali qui etudie le FCV et le Nate 

Irrigue , 

- Nipani (Karnataka) qui etudie le Bidi 

T

75 

Without going into details of the systematic 

trials conducted by large number of Indian 

tobacco specialists, we shall mention certain 

gelds of research : 

breeding tobacco . varieties best suited (leaf 

size. drought. resistance) to the various 

soils and climates found in different parts 

of India , 

agronomical trials on : various crop 

rotations, organic manures (pongamia cake, 

mustard cake, neem, poultry manure, etc .. .) 

and chemical fertilizers ; experiments on 

topping. plant population . etc. . . . 

technological measurements on leaf tobacco 

: filling power, shatierability, equilibrium 

moisture, porosity, etc. . . ; analysis 

of pesticide residues , 

Control of tobacco pests, more especially 

Spodoptera litura using not only insecticides 

but also egg predators such as Nesidiocons 

tenuis ttobacco bug) and Telenomus remus 

.\ixon , the control of Heliothis armigera, 

iohieh bores into seed capsules, by means 

of insecticides and also by the selection 

of resistant varieties : the control of white 

fey, the vector of TLCV (study of the vector 

plant hosts) ; breeding varieties resistant 

to Scrobipalpa heliopa (stem borer) ; the 

control of several viruses (TMV, TLCV . 

TRSI'. TSY') and especially of TMV by the 

use of fresh cow milk which has a 60 % 

mhtbuuig effect on the virus , the control 

of fungi (damping off, Cercospora, Alternana, 

: the control of nematodes, especially 

bi crop rotations including Crotolaria spectabilis 

r the use of soil mycorrhiza to disinfect 

it of Pythium . Phytophthora and nenmtodes 

study of resistance to powdery 

rnildeu the control of broomrape not 

only by cultural practices (rotation, irrigation) 

but also by the use of a parasite, 

Phvtomyza orobanche , 

subsidiary study of Tendu (Diospyrus melanozylon) 

(eaves from the Madhya Pradesh 

forests which are used to wrap Bidi tobacco 

f 

Fourth National Symposium on Tobacco . 

119 .22 January 1981 - Rajahmundrv) . 

The Indian Society of Tobacco Science . 

T,,'5 bulk, olume of stun e 450 pages (for. 

'n0' 21 x 33 .51, Includes all the conmu ni- 


47 

Sans vouloir entrer Bans le detail des es . 

sacs faits systematiquement par les tres 

nombreux specialistes indiens du tabac . 

nous cnerons cependant cenaines rubriques : 

selection de varietes les mieux adaptees 

(faille des feuilles, resistance a la secheresseI 

aux differences regions be l'inde caracte. 

risees par leurs sots et leur climat , 

essais agronomiques : rotations tres diverses, 

fumures organiques (tourteau de 

pongamia, tourteau de graines de moutarde, 

Melia azadirachta . fumier de volailles . 

etc . ..) et engrais chimiques ; essais d'ecimage. 

de compacite etc . .. , 

mesures ttchnologiques sur le tabac en 

feuilles pouvoir de remplissage . fragilite, 

taux d'humidite d'equilibre, porosity, etc .. . 

analyse des residus de pesticides , 

lutte contre les ennemis du tabac, et 

plus specialement contre Spodoptera litura . 

non seulement grace aux insecticides mais 

aussi grace aux predateurs des mufs . comme 

Nesidiocors tenuis (la punaise du tar 

bac) et Telenomus remus Nixon ; lutte con. 

ire Heliothis armigera . perceuse des capsules 

be graines ; cette lutte est menee non 

seulement par emploi des insecticides mais 

aussi par selection de varietes resistantes 

; lutte contre la mouche blanche, vecc 

teur du TLCV (etude des plantes h6tes du 

vecteur) ; selection de varietes resistantes 

a Scrobipalpa heliopa (mineuse) ; lutte conire 

de nombreux virus (TMV, TLCV, TRSV, 

TSV) et plus articulierement contre TMV 

grace au lait IPrais de vache qui a tin pouvoir 

inhibiteur de 60 4 sur le virus ; lutte 

contre les champignons (damping off, Cercospora, 

Alternaria) ; lutte contre les nematodes, 

plus specialement par les rotations 

de culture comprenant Crotolaria spectabilis 

; utilisation des mycorrhizes du sol 

pour Ic desinfecter des champignons du type 

Pythium, Phytophthora et des nematodes 

; etude de Is resistance it I'oidium ; 

lutte contre I'Orobanche, non settlement par 

le jeu des pratiques culturales (rotation. irrigation), 

mats aussi par 1'emploi dun parasite. 

Phytomyza orobanche , 

etude annexe des feuilles de Tendu (Diospyrus 

melanozylon) des forets du Madhya 

Pradesh, feuilles qui servent a envelopper 

le tabac Bidi . . 

f 

Quatribme Symposium National sur Is Tabac 

(19-22 janvier 1981 - Rajahmundn) . 

Societe Indienne de to Science du Tabac 

Ce volumineux document d'environ 450 pages 

(format 21 x 33,51) donne ('ensembl e 

2347676

cations made by Indian tobacco specialists 

at their meeting in January '81 . This Symposium 

was organized by the Indian Tobacco 

Science Soeiery (Rajahmundrv), in 

collaboration with the Indian Agricultural 

Research Council (New Delhi) . 

Our readers will find the summaries and, 

or the titles of various communications 

made at this Symposium in recent CORES . 

TA Information Bulletins, so . after congratulating 

our Indian friends, we shall 

simply recall that this Symposium was 

divided into four main sections : 

- Agronomy, production, statistics and extension 

. 

- Breeding, genetics and cytology , 

- Plan; protection : diseases, insects , 

- Plant physiology . biochemistry, soil science 

and agricultural chemistry . 

We would like to express a wish that 

Indian research workers will soon join the 

ranks of the CORESTA Agronomy and Phy . 

)opathotoggy study groups ; the profession 

would on /r gain by their presence. 

r 

Tobacco Projects, Research and Develop . 

ment Highlights (In English) . 

Gujarat Agricultural University . Anand . 1979 . 

This 52 page booklet (format 18.5 x 24) 

gives a summary of the important work in 

research and extension carried out in 

Gujarat State (in western India, between 

Bombay and the Tropic of Cancer) . 

Bidi tobacco, whose roots can grow down 

to a depth of 3 meters accounts for about 

30 ao of India's tobacco production. 85,000 ha 

of it are grown in Gujarat State, thanks 

to the research done at Anand (where the 

station was established in 1947). Yield can 

be as high as 5 tons per hectare : the 

secret of high yields can be given in a 

fey words : deep tilling, green manure, the 

use of neinaticides and proper crop rotation . 

The ,4nand Station is not concerned solel' 

wilt Bidi tobacco, it also improves cie 

axene tobacco and chewing tobacco : for 

these three types of tobacco, it is particular 

h nue,ested in selection to obtain nema 

rode.resisiance : it uses the bridging species 


des communications qui ont etc faiths par 

les citercheurs indiens du tabac au cours 

de )cur reunion de 3anvier 81 . Ce Symposium 

a etc organise par la Societe Indiem 

ne de la Science du Tabac (Raiahmundn'), 

en collaboration avec le Conseil Indien de 

Is Recherche Agricole (New Delhi) . 

Nos lecteurs trouveront, dans lei recents 

Bulletins d'Information du CORESTA . lei 

resumes et/ou les titres des diverses communications 

faiths au tours de cc Symposium. 

Nous nous bornerons ici, apres avoir 

felicite nos amis de l'Inde, a rappeler que 

It Symposium comportait quatre grandes 

parties : 

- Agronomic, production, statistiques et vu). 

garisation . 

- Selection, genetique et cytologic , 

- Protection de la Plante : maladies, insectes 

. 

- Physiologic de la p)ante, biochimie, scien. 

ce des sols et chimie agricole . 

Qu'il nous soit permis de souhaiter que 

les chercheurs indiens viennent prochaine 

ment grossir les rangs des grouper d'em . 

des Agronomic et Phvtopathologie du C0- 

RESTA ; )a profession ne pourra qu'y ga 

finer . 

f 

Projet de recherches stir It tabac et applh 

cations (En anglais) . 

University Agricole du Gujarat, Anand . 1979 . 

Cette brochure de 52 pages (format 18,5 x 

24) donne un resume des importants travaux 

de recherche et de vulgarisation faits 

dans I'Etat de Gujarat (situe clans l'Inde 

de I'Ouest, entre Bombay et le tropique 

du Cancer) . 

Le tabac Bidi . dont les racines peuvent 

descendre jusqu'a 3 metres de profondeur, 

represente environ 30 ao de la production 

du tabac de I'Inde. Dens I'Etat du Gujarat, 

it est cultive sir 85000 ha . Grace aux travaux 

de recherche faits a Anand (dons la 

station a etc creee en 1947), le rendement 

attemt jusqu'a 5 tonnes par hectare : le 

secret des Brands rendements tient en quelques 

mots : labour profond . enarais vert, 

utilisation de nematicides et rotations appropriees 

des recoltes . 

La Station d'Anand ne s'interesse pas uni 

quement au tabac Bidi . ells amehore aussi 

Ies tabacs pour cigarettes et les tabacs 

a macher : elle pratique . en paruculier, 

pour cis trots types de tabac, la selection 

en cur de leur faire acquerir la resistance

N. salt estns to transfer thus resistance from 

N. repanda to N . tabacum. 

rot insect control. and more especially for 

:he control of Spodoptera (which bores 

stalks) . Agrotis ipsilon and aphids, the main 

pests on crops, the station prefers integrat . 

ed control (biological control by parasites 

and the use of resistant tobacco varieties) 

:o the use of chemicals . 

In the control of while fly (Bemisia tabaci) 

it was noticed that Nicotiana gossei and 

N. umbratica were particularly -attractive 

to these inseers, although they are toxic 

for them . 

4 programme has been launched to obtain 

r.r :enes resistant to T .MV and to black 

stank . 

I seed producing centre supplies the whole 

of Gujarat and even some other states. 

Young farmers are trained at the station, 

a ::d specialists visit farms when growers 

in difficulty ask them to. The station organizes 

a . farmers' day . once a year. 

130 titles of scientific articles are given 

at the end of the brochure. They show the 

verc wide range of research carried out 

on tobacco in India, and the programme 

of future work is given in the last four 

pages. It is a vast, and very practical 

programme which is greatly to the honour 

of the agricultural authorities in Gujarat 

State . 

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM IRAN 

LAHSAEI-ZAUEH A .R . 

Herbicidal efficacy in tobacco. 

t 

Published in Farsi, in the annual report of 

the Iranian Tobacco Institute in Oromeyeh, 

1979. p . 67 .70) . 

Pie paper, the abstract of which is given 

below, is a continuation of the paper, the 

abstract of winch was published on p. 84 

It' 121 at 1979/1 Bulletin. 

Two expermtents in tobacco weed control 

.tine shown that : Isopropalin (2 .3 kg a .i./ 

ha). N.I431 (3.10 kg a .i.lha 1, ethalffuralin 

10 .99 .1 .33 kg a.i.iha) and benefit (1 .08-1 .44 kg 

a .i. ha). incorporated in die soil ten days 

before transplanting and surface-applied of 

77 49 


aux nematodes : pour transferer cette resistance 

du N . repanda au N . tabacum . mile 

utilise I'espece-pont N. sylvestris. 

Dans Is lutte contre les insectes, et plus 

specialement contre Spodoptera (qui perce 

let tiges), Agrotis ipsilon et les pucerons, 

pnncipaux ravageurs des recoltes, la Station 

prefbre la lutte intearee (controle biologique 

par parasite. utilisation de varietes 

de tabacs resistantes) a I'emploi des produits 

chimiques . 

Dans Is lutte contra la mouche blanche 

(Bemisia tabaci) on s'est aperqu en particulier 

que Nicotiana gossei et N . umbra . 

tica, bien qu'ils leaf soient toxiques, attiraient 

ces insectes. 

Un programme a ate lance pour obtenir 

des varietes resistantes au TMV et a Ph., 

tophthora parasuica . 

On Centre de multiplication de semences 

lournit tout le Gujarat et mime d'autres 

Etats . 

Les jeunes agriculteurs sont formes par Is 

Station . des specialistes se rendent aussi 

sur les exploitations, a Is demande des 

planteurs, quand ceux-ci eprouvent des dif . 

ficultes. One foie par an . la Station organise 

. la journee du planteur . . 

130 titres d'articles scientifiques sont donnes 

a la fin de la brochure ; ils montrent 

route Its richesse de la recherche sur le 

tabac en mode dont Ic programme futur 

est expose dans les quatre dernieres pages, 

programme immense et tres concret, 

qui est tout a I'honneur des responsables 

agricoles de I'Etat de Gujarat . 

DOCUMENTS REcUS D'IRAN 

LAHSAEt-ZADEH A .R . 

It 

EfHncite deal herbicides en culture de tabac . 

(Public en Farsi daps le rapport annuel 

de l'Institut lranien du Tabac d'Oromeyeh . 

1979, p. 67-70) . 

L'article, dons le resume est donne ci-dessous. 

constitue Is suite de I article dont 

le resume a eta public p . 84 du Bulletin 

1979.1 sous le n 121 . 

Deux experiences de lutte contre les mauvaises 

herbes des cultures de tabac ont 

montre que I'Isopropaline (2 .3 kg m .a./ha) . 

le K-1441 15 a 10 kg m .a./ha). I'Ethalfluraline 

(099 a 1 .33 kg m .a./hal et la Benefine 

( 1 .08 a 144 kg m .a.'ha), lorsqu'ib etaien t 

2347678 

T

I metobromuron + I. CGA-24705 (4 kg a .i./ 

ha) 5 days before tr6nsplanting are offered 

for weed control in tobacco fields . 

LAHSAEI-ZADEH A .R ., VAZIM-GORGANI M .S. 

Perennial weed control in tobacco . 


t 

(Published in Farsi, in the annual report 

of Iranian Tobacco Institute in Oromeyeh . 

1980. p . 29-37) . 

INTRODUCTION Experiments on weed control 

performed in 1974-1979 at the Tobacco 

Research Station in Iran indicated that Isopropaline 

(1 .71 .2.3 kg/ha (art.). Nitraline (I- 

2 kgNia (aril), Benefine (1 .08-1 .44 kg/ha (a.i )) 

and Pebulate (4-6 kg/ha (ail) incorporated 

in the soil ten days before transplanting 

controlled annual weeds of tobacco such as 

Echinocloa crus galli. Setaria Spp ., .Amaranthus 

5pp. and Chenopodium Sop., for 

annual weeds ; the present experiment 

,as done to evaluate herbicides recom. 

mended for control of perennial weeds in 

tobacco . 

MATERIALS AND METHODS : Test plots were 

located in the Iranian Tobacco Institute 

Experiment Station 11 km north of Oromeyeh 

. .4 randomized complete block design 

+ruh four replications was used . Plot size 

,,as 3 m x 3 m. Herbicides tested were 

Round up at 3.8 and 4.8 kg/ha (a.i.), kk-80 

at I and 2 kg/ha (air) applied on foliage 

on June 22nd 1979 and on June 15th 1979 . respectively, 

and Fluridone which was incor . 

porated into the soil on June Ise 1979 at 

I and 1 .3 kg/ha (a.i .). Tobacco cv . Basma 

S.31 was transplanted on .May 19th 1980. 

Weed control rating was done on July 20th 

1979 and June 25th 1980 . The rating was 

made by 0.10 scale (0 = no weeds and 

10 = very high infestion). Yield were compared 

. 

RESULTS : Tables I and 2 summarize the 

results on the effect of herbicides on weed 

control and table 3 of yields . Round up 

at both rates was significantly different 

from others. Fluridone has high phvroroxmitp 

on tobacco. kk-80 was effective on 

some needs. 

incorpores au sot dix jours avant la trans. 

plantation et qu'en plus on appliquait en 

surface un melange 1/1 de metobromuron . 

et de CGA-24705 (4 kg m .a./ha), cinq jours 

avant la transplantation, peuvent tire utilises 

pour lutter contre les mauvaises herbes 

dans les plantations de tabac . 

LAHSAEI-ZADEH A.R ., VAZIRILORGANI M .S . 

t 

Lutte contre Its mauvalaee herbes permaneatea 

du tabat 

(Publie en Farsi, dans le rapport annuel de 

l'/nstitut Iranien du Tabac d'Oromeyeh. 

1980, p. 29-37) . 

INTRODUCTION : Les experiences faites a la 

Station de Recherche Iranienne sur le Tabac 

de 1974 a 1979 sur la lutte contre les 

mauvaises herbes, avaient indique que Ilsopropaline 

(1,71 a 23 kg/ha m .a .). la Nitraline 

(I a 2 kg/ha m .a .). Is Benefine (1,08 

a 1,44 kg/ha m .a .) et It Pebulate (4 a 6 kg/ 

he m .a.), lorsqu'ils sont incorpores dans le 

sot dix jours avant la transplantation, permettent 

de maitriser Its herbes annuelles 

parasites du tabac telles Echinocloa crus 

galli, Setarta Sp ., Amaranthus Sp . et Chenopodium 

Sp. L'experience qui va tire decrite 

avait pour but de tester la valeur des 

herbicides recommandes pour la lutte contre 

Its mauvaises herbes permanentes qui 

parasitent It tabac . 

MATERIEL ET METHODES : Les parcelles ex erimentales 

etaient situees a la Station d'Essais 

de I'Institut Iranien du tabac a 11 km 

au nord d'Oromeveh. On a utilise un schema 

au hasard a quatre repetitions . Les parcelles 

faisaient 5 in x 5 in . Les herbicides 

essayes etaient It Round up a 3 .8 et 

4 .8 kg/ha m.a., It kk-8O a 1 et 2 kg/ha m .a., 

appliques sur Its feuilles respectivement le 

22 et It I5 Juin 1979, et le Fluridone pi 

a ere incorpord dans It sot le let Juin 1979 

a I et 1,5 kg/ha m .a. Le tabac (cultivar 

Basma S.31) a ere transplante It 19 Mai 

1980. Le taux d'elimination des mauvaises 

herbes a ere calcule le 20 Juillet 1979 et It 

25 Juin 1980 : ce calcul a ere fait suivant 

une echelle allant de 0 a 10 (0 = aucune 

mauvaise herbe et 10 = ties haut degre 

d'infestation) ; its rendements ont ete compares 

. 

RESULTATS : Les tableaux I et 2 resument 

!es resultats relatifs a ('action des herbi . 

cides sur les mauvaises herbes, le tableau 3 

donne Its rendements. Le Round up 

a eu des effets sianificativement differents 

des deux autres produits . aux deux doses 

d'emploi. Le Fluridone a une forte phyrotoxicite. 

Le kk-80 a eu de I'effet sur quell 

ques mauvaises herbes . 

50 

2347679

TABLE I : Effect of three herbicides on perennial weed control in tobacco (1979) (Weed 

control rating 1) . 

TABLEAU I : Action de trots herbicides contre les plantes vivaces parasites du tabac (1979) 

(Taux d'elimination 1) . 

Treatments 

Dosage 

kg/ha C. dactylon S. halepenses I L. draba G . glabra C. arvensis Annua l 

(a.i .) :I weed s 

Fluridone 7r 0' 0 .75 2 .75' 7 .75" I s 

Fluridone 1 .5 3 .75" 0' 3 .75' 0.75 I 5" 1 .25' 

Round up 3 .8 12S 0' 0' OS' 25 0 

Round up 4 .8 or 0' 0' i 0 .75' 0 .5' 0 

kk.80 1 6.25 5" 7 .5" 5" 10' 5" 

kk.80 2 8.25' 0' 5' 2 .5' 10' 2' 

.Von weeded - 10' 10" 10' 10' 10' 10- 

1, Raring 0.10 : 0 . no weed . 10 = 100 % weed. 

Values are ean of tour replecanons . Mean, in any column nor followed by the rare letter are significantly 

Jilt ere nr or I N level. 

n Taus delimination de 0 a 10 ; 0 a pas de mauvaises herb.,, 10 . IM % de mauvaises herb., . 

21 Les valeurs mdiquen sent [as movennes de quote repentiens In moyennes qua . quell. qua or la cololin, he 

cone pas sus .ies par Is memo lenre . sent sgmtiativem.nt dsflerentes (au niveau I %). 

TABLE 2 ; Effect of three herbicides on perennial weed control in tobacco (1980) (Weed 

control rating 1) . 

TABLEAU 2 : Action de trois herbicides pour maitriser les plantes vivaces parasites du tabac 

(1980) (Taus d'elimination I). 

Dosage 

Treatments kg/ha 

(aL ) 

Fluridone 1 

Fluridone 13 

Round up 3 .8 

Round up 4 .8 

kk80 1 

kk-80 2 

Non weeded - 


. dactylon I C S . halepenses L. drabs C. glabral C. arvensis Annua l 

Weeds 

2.75" 6.5- 

0,75- 6' 

025 1' 

0' 0' 

1.25" 4 .75' 

3.5' 4.25- 

10, 101 

4.75' 1.5- 6" 0.5 

4` 0S' 5` 025 

3 0.75- 1" o 

23' 0.75' 0.75" 0' 

8.25 1' 5' ' 2' 

8" 0.5' 7" 3 .25' 

10, 10, 10' 10 

11 Rarwg 010 . o . no mud . 10 . 100 'i use d 

2i, talues me mean of four replecanpm . Meat/ in any column nor followed by the same I'll" are srgmpcanrly 

arllnmr a, I or ntl . 

1, True d elminuon de 0 a 10 : 0 a pas de mauvaises herb.,. 10 a Irn e dr mauvaises herb.. . 

1es p 

11 . aleurs moth quits spot In me, coney de auan[ linemen, : let movenne, q . . . quell. quo to la calamine . ne 

.umms par a mime leure. on, egmfrutnemenl differrmes uu . ..... 

51 

2347680

TABLE 3 : Effect or three herbicides on tobacco yield (1980) . 

TABLEAU 3 : Effets de trois herbicides sur les rendements (1980). 

Treatments 


Dosag e 

kg/ha Yiel d 

(art.) kg/h a 

(I) (2 ) 

Fluridone (Y 

Fluridone 1 .5 0' 

Round 

1 

up 3 . 8 856 

Round up 4 .8 666' 

k k.80 I 598' 

kk-80 2 502' 

Non weeded - 602' 

11) Average of lour repl¢auorn . 

(2) Mmns m any column nor loriowed by the same iener are sgniticanav different at 19s level . 

11) Zes valeurs Indiquna soot In moycnnes de quatn repetitions . 

111 Les movennes qua . quells qua sass 1. colonne . ate son' pas suivies par Is memo le!lre, son! sign,hm....ent 

ddterenms (.u mvcau I 91). 

REFERENCES 

1 - Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., LTD, JAPAN. kk-80, new herbicide . 

Technical information (Feb., 1978). 

2 - LAHSAEI-ZADEN A .R. (1977). Herbicidal efficacy in tobacco . 

CORESTA Information Bulletin, N 1/1979, page 84 . 

3 - Lilly Industries Limited. Specification for PRIDE tFluridone, Elanco) . 

4 - Monsanto Agricultural Products Company (1978) . Guide for Round up herbicide. 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM PARAGUAY 

1978.1979 Annual Report of the Executive 

Commission of the Paraguay National Tobacco 

Programme (PRONATA) (in Spanish) 

.Ministry of Agriculture and Stock Farm . 

ing. 

This 188 page report (format 21 x 27) des. 

critics the work effected by PRONATA at 

its Stations . 

It deals particularly with trials on light 

air-cured tobaccos of the burley type and 

artificially cured light tobaccos of the Virginia 

type from Argentina and from Zimbabwe 

. a few dark tobaccos were introduc. 

DOCUMENT RE~U DU PARAGUAY 

Rapport annual 1978.1979 de Is Commission 

Executive du Programme National Tabac 

(PRONATA) du Paraguay (en espagnoq 

Ministere de l'Agriculture ei de l'Elevage . 

Cc rapport de 188 pages (format 21 x 27) 

rend compte des travaux menes a bien par 

PRONATA dans ses Stations . 

11 y est question, en particulier, des essais 

de tabacs clairs seches a fair, de type burley, 

et de tabacs clairs seches artificiellement . 

de type Virginie, venant d'Argentine et du 

Zimbabwe : en ce qui concerne les tabacs

ed for observation front' the Dominican 

Republic, the USA, Zimbabwe and France . 

Research workers are concerned with the 

question of resistance to the viral disease s 

Pmt, and Pint Pim mentioned in 

the 7677 report (see Bulletin 78-3/4) . 

among the insects parasiting tobacco may 

be mentioned those which are not often 

spoken of in other parts of the world : 

Ommexecha. Epicauta atomaria . Phlegethon. 

sus carolina paphus, Faustinus cubae . Corecoris 

dentiventris and Empoasca . 

The report is not confined solely to the 

'nanv conventional agronomical trials carried 

out (fertilization, plant population and 

p.'annng date), but also ,examines economical 

questions and problems of extension 

service . 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM THE PHI- 

LIPPINES 

Ediberto DE JESUS . 

Tobacco Monopoly in the Philippines (1782- 

1881) (in English ) 

Philippine Tobacco Administration . 

This book of more than 300 pages (format 

21 x 27) is the PhD thesis the author 

presented at the Faculty of Yale University . 

R gives a century of Philippine history seen 

through the hard life of tobacco men from 

erowers to officials of the Monopoly, not 

forgetting the smugglers . it is the Jetry of 

a Monopoly, with its defects and its qualities, 

as defenders and its enemies . 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM RUMANIA 

PATRASCV' M . 

Genetic engineering and programmed model- 

Ong of plants (in Rumanian ) 

Collection . Perspectives Published by 

CERES . Bucarest . Rumania 1981 . 

On page 15 of Information Bulletin 1980/1 

tie mentioned a book nhich Mrs . Minodora 

P+rRtsct . Doctor of Biology, had published 

nn the sane collection, in collaboration 

rrnh Professor Teo (ii CRtci t', on haploidy 


I 

53 

brans, it faut titer quelques tabacs intro 

duits pour observation : de St-Domingue, 

des USA, du Zimbabwe et de France . La 

question de Is resistance aux maladies vi . 

rates Pititi et Pim Pim , citees dans 

le rapport 7677 (cf. Bulletin 783/4), retient 

toujours ('attention des chercheurs . 

Parmi Its insectes parasites des tabacs citons 

ceux dont it est rarement question 

dans Its autres parties du monde : Ommexecha, 

Epicaum atomaria. Phlegethontius 

carolina paphus, Faustinus cubae, Corecoris 

dentiventris et Empoasca . 

Le rapport ne mentionne pas seulement de 

nombreux essais agronomiques classiques . 

(fertilisation, densite et date de plantation), 

it examine aussi Its questions economiques 

et les problemes de vulgarisation . 

DOCUMENT REC,U DES PHILIPPINE S 

Ediberto of JESUS. 

t 

Is monopole des tabor aux Philippines 

(1782-1882) (en anglais ) 

Philippine Tobacco Administration . 

Cc livre de plus de 300 pages (format 

21 x 27) est Is these que I'auteur a presentee 

a Is Faculty de l'Universite de Yale 

pour obtenir son grade de Docteur en 

Philisophie . C'est un siecle d'histoire des 

Philippines vu a travers Is vie rude des 

hommes du tabac. depuis Its planteurs jusqu'aux 

responsables du Monopole, en passant 

par les contrebandiers ; c'est l'histoire 

d'un monopole avec sex defauts et ses qualites, 

ses defenseurs et ses ennemis. 

DOCUMENT RE~U DE ROUMANIE 

PATRASCU M . 

* 

Ingenlerle gendtlque at modelage programme 

des plants (en roumain ) 

Collection Perspectives . Editions CERES . 

Bucarest. Routnanm, 1981 . 

Dais le Bulletin d'Information 1980/1, nous 

ar ions deia cite, en page 15 . un livre que 

Medame Minodora P .TRSSCC. Docteur en 

Biologic. avail fait paraitre . dans la meme 

collection . en collaboration avec le Profes- 

234768 2

in genetics and the improvement of plants. 

Her new 216 page (format 13 x 20) book 

has the same didactic qualities as the pre. 

ceding one. Tobacco is often mentioned . 

specially in the chapters on the method 

and techniques of plant bioengineering, on 

the cytogenetic aspect of in vitro cellular 

culture, on the present day aspect 

and prospects for obtaining genotypes of 

higher plants . 

r 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM THE D .R.C. 

KLUGE S . 


Action of biologically active chemical combinations 

on virus multiplication and on 

the evolution of the host plant (simultaneous 

contribution to the chemotherapy of plant 

virus diseases and to the development of 

Identification tests) (in German) 

This bulky 261 page book (format 21 x 29) 

describes the work of one of the members 

of the research team led by Professor G . 

SCHUSTER . a CORESTA member and eminent 

virologist at the Karl MARX University 

(Leipzig DRG) ( ) . 

In the first section, of some twenty pages, 

S. KLUGE describes methods and materials 

virus species and lines, experimental plants, 

various tests, serological and biological 

examinations, investigations of proteins, 

statistical techniques . 

Then follow 150 pages of results of the 

changes induced by viruses in the protein 

balance of host plants : than the influence 

of selected substances on virus development 

and the same protein balance in healthy 

or infected plants. 

The study was specially directed to TMV 

and PVX, parasite of Nicotiana tabacum, 

CMV parasite of N . glutinosa and RCMV 

parasite of Pisum sativum with, for each 

virus, a table of results and 4 to 6 electrophoresis 

diagrams : the viral and proteic 

content (as well as protein composition) 

was studied particularly in connection with 

the different leaf stages of N. tabacum 

var. Samsun infested with TRV. In the case 

of TMV, work is going forward to identify 

the physiological differences between light 

and dark green leaf cones with particula r 

lit The +ummanes of the larest 'cork conducted by 

his can -11 be found m this came of CORESTA 

Bus"" . 

seur Teofil CtucIUN, sur l'haploidie en genetique 

et l'ameliontion des plantes . 

Son nouveau livre de 216 pages (format 

13 x 20) a les qualites didactiques du precedent. 

Le tabac y est ties souvent cite, 

specialement dans les chapitres relatifs a 

Is methode et aux techniques de bio-ingenierie 

vegetate, a ('aspect cytogenetique de 

to culture cellulaire a in vitro , a ('aspect 

actuel et aux perspectives dans l'obtention 

de genotypes de vegetaux superieurs . 

DOCUMENT REI;U DE R .D .A . 

KLUGE S . 

x 

Action des combinaisons chimiquea blologlquenent 

actives sur is multiplication des 

virus at sur Is blLn proteique de Is plan. 

is hate (contribution slmultanee a Is 

chimlothenple des viroses vegetales at au 

developpement des tests d'Identlflctlon) ten 

allemand ) 

Cc volumineux document de 261 pages (format 

21 x 29) donne un aperqu des travaux 

dun des membres de I'equipe de recherche 

du Professeur G . SCHUSTER (membre du 

CORESTA), eminent virologue de I'Univer. 

site Karl MARX de Leipzig (RDA) (') . 

Dans une Premiere pantie dune vinggtaine 

de pages, S. KLUGE presente les methodes 

et le materiel : especes et lignees de virus . 

plantes experimentales. tests divers . examents 

serologiques et biologiques . recherche 

des proteines. techniques statistiques. 

Solvent slots 150 pages de resultats concement 

les changements provoques par les 

virus dans le bilan proteique des planteshbtes 

puts ('influence des substances choisies 

sur le developpement des virus et le 

meme bilan proteique des plantes saines ou 

infectees. 

L'etude Porte plus specialement sur le TMV 

et le PVX parasites du Nicotiana tabacum . 

le CMV parasite du N. glutinosa et le 

RCMV parasite de Pisum sativum, avec . 

pour chaque virus . can tableau de resultats 

et 4 a 6 diagrammes d'electrophorese ; le 

contenu viral est proteique (ainsi que la 

composition des proteines) est particuliere . 

ment etudie aux differents stages follaires 

de N. tabacum var . Samsun attaque par It 

TRV pour le TMV, on cherche a identifier 

les differences phvsiologiques des zones foliaires 

vert-clair et vert-fonts en s'interes . 

19 On roux era dens noire present aulleun de s 

mes des dermmrl iris List do taut equips 

rest

attention to cell membranes and to ribosomes. 

using mass spectrographv to analyze 

ash from the two types of tissue . 

There follows a study on the influence of 

selected chemical substances on virus mulrtplicatton 

and on the growth and protein 

balance of healthy or infected plants. The 

study deals primarily with the action of 

:ertain antibiotics of various groups such 

as cyclohezimide, kanamvcne, tetracycline, 

rnuomycine C and amphotericine B ; the 

results of this study are given in tables . 

The author rh'en studies the action of photohormones 

: indolvl-(;}acetic acid (IAA), 

eibberellic acid (GA,) and 612-furfuryt)ami- 

',opurnne (cytokinine). Several tables give 

the results of this action on TMV, PVX 

and CMV and on healthy and infected tobacco 

. 

.4 sub-chapter is specially devoted to the ef . 

fect of substance combinations of the morpholine 

group (DMMC . OMOMC, DEOMC) . 

The following sub-chapter deals with the 

effects of polvacrvlic acid, special attention 

being given to the action of this acid on 

the composition of RCMV components ; the 

author includes photographs of Schlieren 

diagrams, used to analyze sedimentation . 

The author then studies the effect of 

1 .3 . D-ribofuranosyl-12,4-triazol-3-carboxamid, 

known as . Virazol ; he also gives tables, 

electrophoresis diagrams and Schlieren diagrams, 

photographs of plants treated with 

different doses at the 4-6 leaf stage, or 

later ; in addition to the four viruses already 

studied the author also introduces 

AMV in this sub-chapter. 

Then comes a study on the action of DHT 

(dioxohexahydrotriazine), a paragraph deals 

mith the effect of this product on the potato . 

alter this long 150 page study, comes a 

discussion chapter, of some twenty pages, 

in tchich the author discusses the active 

relationship of the virus to the host by 

studvtng the connection existing between 

viral multiplication and the protein metabolism 

of the host . 

The book ends with an 8 page summer .,followed 

by a 39 page author index . 


f 

55 

sant en particulier aux membranes des cellules 

et aux ribosomes et en utilisant la 

spectrographic de masse pour analyser les 

cendres des deux types de tissu. 

Vient ensuite 1'Etude de l'influence de certaines 

substances chimiques sur la multiplication 

des virus et sur la croissance et 

le bilan oroteique des planter saines et infectees. 

L'etude concerne d'abord Faction 

de quelques antibiotiques de groupes divers 

tels ceux de la cycloheximide, de la 

kanamycine, de la tetracycline, de )a mitomycine 

C et de I'amphotdricine B ; des tableaux 

de chiffres rendent compte de cease 

action . 

Puis l'auteur Etudie I'action des phvtohormones 

: acide indolyl43)-acetique (AIA), acide 

gibberellique (GA,) et 6(2-furfurvl).aminopunne 

(cytokinine) . Plusieurs tableaux donnent 

les resultats chiffres de cette action 

sur TMV, PVX et CMV et sur tes tabacs 

sains et infectes . 

Un sous-chapitre est spEcialement consacre 

a faction de combinaisons de substance 

du groupe morpholine (DMMC, DMOMC, 

DEOMC) . 

Le souschapitre suivant traite de faction 

de I'acide polvacrylique ; une attention particubere 

est portee a faction de cet acide 

sur la composition des comoosants du 

RCMV ; I'auteur donne en particulier quelques 

photographies des diagrammes de 

Schlieren utilises pour l'analyse de sEdimentation 

. 

L'auteur etudie ensuite ('influence du 1 .0- 

D-ribofuranosyl-12 .4-triazol-3carboxamide, dit 

Virnol : it donne. en plus des tableaux 

de chiffres, des graphiques d'electrophorese 

et des diagrammes de Schlieren, des photograohies 

de plantes traitees avec des doses 

differentes, au stade 46 feuilles ou plus ; 

en plus des quatre virus deja etudies . I'auteur 

introduit aussi I'AMV dans ce souschapitre 

. 

Vient enfin ('etude de ('action de la DHT 

(dioxohexahydrotriazine) : un paragraphe 

est aussi consacrE a faction de ce product 

sur la pomme de term. 

Apres cette longue etude de 150 pages . vient 

un chapitre de discussion, dune vingtaine 

de pages, clans lequel I'auteur traite des 

rapoorts actifs du virus et de I'hote en 

etudiant In liaison qui existe entre la multiplication 

cirale et le metabolisme proteique 

de ('hate . 

Le livre se termine par un - resume de 

8 pages suivi d'un index d'auteurs de 39 pages 

. 

t 

2347684

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM SWEDEN 

Symposium on the effects of nicotine on 

nervous functions (1910) (in English ) 

Acts Phvsiologica'Scandinavica - Supplementum 

479 . 

This 56 page booklet (format 17 x 24 .5) 

is published by the Medical Council of 

the Swedish Tobacco Company . 

It will be recalled that the said Council 

has already organized three Symposia, the 

reports of these meetings have already 

been published i n 

1961 - Symposium on chemical and biological 

problems related to smoking . 

1965 - Tobacco alkaloids and related compounds 

. 

1976 - Nicotine Workshop . 

The booklet under discussion gives the text 

of the 11 lectures given by the research 

workers supported by the Swedish Tobacco 

Company : 

- Assessment of cholinergic neuronal activity 

in the brain , 

- Biosynthesis and mammalian metabolism 

of nicotine, 

- Studies of muscarinic and nicotinic bind. 

ing sites in brain , 

- Effects of neonatal nicotine administration 

on the postnatal development of 

central noradrenaline neurons , 

- Mecamylamine induced blockade of nicotine 

induced inhibition of gonadotrophin 

and TSH secretion and of nicotine induced 

increases of catecholamine turnover in the 

rat hypothalamus, 

- Effect of nicotine on single cell activity 

in the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus 

. 

- Effect of chronically administrated nicotine 

on axonal transport of dopamine-Qhydroxylase 

in peripheral adrenergtc neurons 

and on blood pressure and heart rate 

in the rat, 

- Cholinergic inhibition of sympathetic 

yasoconsirictor tone in the cerebrovascular 

bed mediated by nicotinic-type receptors , 


- Effects of tobacco smoking on the blood 

temperature during exercise , 

- Effect of nicotine on the formation of 

prostaglandins in the rabbit kidney , 

- Psychological effects of tobacco smoking 

. 

DOCUMENTS RECUS DE SUEDE 

Symposium ear les effete de I. nicotine 

star lea fonctlons nerveuaes (1960) (en anglais 

) 

Acta Physiologica Scandinavica - Supplementurn 

479 . 

Cette plaquette de 56 pages (format 17 x 

249) est editee par le Conseil medical de 

la Compagnie Suedoise des Tabacs . 

Rappelons que ledit Conseil a deja organise 

trots Symposia dont les comptes rendus ont 

pare en : 

1961 - Symposium sur les problemes chimiques 

ei biologiques relatifs au fait de 

fumer ; 

1965 - Alcaloides du tabac et produits apparentes 

; 

1976 - Reunion Nicotine . 

La plaquette dont it est question ici don . 

ne le texte des 11 conferences faites par 

des chercheurs aides par Its Compagnie Sue. 

doise des Tabacs 

- Evaluation de I'activite neuronale cholinergique 

dans le cerveau . 

- Biosynthese de In nicotine et son metabolisme 

chez les mammiferes . 

- Etude des sites de liaison muscarinique 

et nicotinique dans le cerveau , 

- Effet de I'administration neo-natale de 

nicotine sur le developpement post-natal des 

neurones centraux a noradrenaline , 

- Blocage induit par la mecamvlamine de 

]'inhibition (induite par la nicotine) de !a 

secretion de gonadotrophine et de TSH . et 

de ]'augmentation (induite par Is nicotine) 

de la production de catecholamine dans 

I'hypothalamus du rat . 

- Effet de Its nicotine sur l'activite dune 

cellule seule. dans le locus coeruleus du 

noyau noradrenergique , 

- Effet de Its nicotine administree de fa . 

Son chronique sur le transport axonal de 

la dopamine-8-hydroxylase, dans Its neurones 

adrenergiques peripheriques, et sur la 

pression sanguine et le rvthme cardiaque 

du rat , 

- Inhibition cholinergique de Is tonicite 

vasoconstrictrice sympathique dans Is zone 

cerebrovasculaire grace aux recepteurs de 

type nicotinique . 

- Effet du fait de fumer sur la temperature 

du sane durant I'exercice physique . 

- Effet de Is nicotine sur la formation des 

prostaglandines dans le rein du lapin . 

- Effets psychologiques du fait de fume r 

56 2347685

RONDAHL L. 

1980 - Synthetic analogues of nicotine 

(in English ) 

Kungl. Tekniska Hogskolan . Inst. organ . 

Kern. Diss .. 43 pages . 

In this survey, the following papers of 

the author are summarized : 

Synthetic analogues of nicotine. V . 

Acta Pharm . Suec., 1976, 13, p . 229. 

Synthetic analogues d nicotin# VI . Sic . 

ovine substitrted in the 5-position . 

Acta Pharm . Suez., 1977, 14, p . 113 . 

Synthetic analogues of nicotine . VII . Acid 

dissociation constants of some nicotine 

analogues . 

Acta Pharm . Suec., 1979, 16 . D . 56 . 

Synthetic analogues of nicotine. VIII. Synthesis 

and biological testing of two 5-amino- 

:etrahvdroquinolines. 

(Manuscript) 

Synthetic analogues of nicotine. IX. Synthesis 

and biological testing of some pipera,ine 

derivatives in regard to nicotine-like 

activity and anthelmintic effects . 

Manuscript) 

Synthetic analogues of nicotine. X. Synthesis 

and biological testing of some N- 

(arvlmethvf)azacycloalkanes. 

Manuscript ) 

Summary of the present document : 

.A number of N-(3-pvridylalkvl) amines have 

been synthesized and investigated pharmacologically. 

In most cases, a decreasing activirv 

was observed when the alkyl chain 

connecting the pyridine ring with the amino 

group was lengthened . Four 5-halonicotines 

have been synthesized and their activities 

and dissociation constants measured . All 

the compounds showed a lower activity 

than nicotine. This was the most pronoun. 

ced for the bromo analogue and least for 

the fluoro analogue. Two bridged rticmme 

analogues, 5amino-5,6,7 .8-retrahvdroqunnoline 

and 5ddimethvlamino)-5 .6 .7 .8-tetra- 

1,vdroauuwlme, and some new N43-pvridv6 

menhyUprperazines and N-(3-pvridvlmethvl)azac-rloalkanes 

have been prepared and 

tested . The compounds were all inactive 

except for the azacvcloalkane derivatives 

'I hrch showed significant activities. 


57 

RONDAHL L . 

1980 - Analogues synthetlques de Its nieotine 

(en anglais ) 

Kungl. Tekniska Hdgskolan, Inst . organ. 

Kem. Diss., 43 pages. 

Dans cat expose de synthese, lea travaux 

suivants de l'auteur sont resumes : 

Analogues synthetiques de Its nicotine . V . 

Acta Pharm. Suet ., 1976, 13. p . 229 . 

Analogues synthetiques de a nicotine. VI . 

Nicotine substituee an position 5 . 

Arta Pharm . Suec., 1977, 14, p. 113 . 

Analogues svnthetiques de a nicotine . VII . 

Constantes de dissociation acide de certains 

analogues de la nicotine . 

Arta Pharm . Suec ., 1979. 16. p . 56 . 

Analogues synthetiques de la nicotine. VIII . 

Svnthese at essai biologique de deux 5aminotetrahydroquinolines 

. 

(Manuscrit ) 

Analogues svnthetiques de a nicotine . IX. 

Svnthese at essai biologique de certains 

derives piperazine an ce qui conceme 1'activite 

de type nicotinique at les effets antihelminthiques. 

(Manuscrit) 

Analogues synthetiques de Its nicotine. X . 

Svnthese at essai biologique de certains N- 

(arylmethyl)azacycloalcanes . 

(Manuscrit ) 

Resume du present document : 

Uncertain nombre de N-(3-pvridvlalcovl) amines 

ont ate synthetisees at testees du point 

de vue pharmacologique. Le plus souvent . 

on observe une diminution de I'activite a 

mesure que s'allonge la chaine alcoyl reliant 

le novau pyridine au groupe amine. Ouatre 

5-halonicotines ant ate synthetisees at leur 

activite at leurs constantes de dissociation 

mesurees. Taus ces composes presentent une 

activite plus foible que la nicotine . Ceci 

est le plus prononce pour ('analogue bromo 

at le moins marque pour ('analogue fluoro . 

Deux analogues ponces - de la nicotine . 

]as 5-amino-5,6 .7,8-tetrahvdroquinoline at 5- 

Idimethvlaminol - 5 .6.7,8 - tetrahvdroquinoline . 

ainsi que certains nouveaux N-(3-pvridvlmethyl)-piperazines 

at N-13-pvridylmethvlFazacvcloalcanes 

ont ete prepares at testes . Taus 

ces composes sont inactifs . A Iexception des 

azacvcloalcanes . dont l activite est importante 

. 

23g7686

DOCUMENTS RECEIVED FROM THE 

U .S.A. 

TOBACCO DISEASE' COUNCIL - 1981 - 

Report on the Blue Mold Symposium 11 

(in English ) 

29th Tob. Work. Cenf., Lexington, 1981, 

109 pages. 

The program of this second North American 

Blue Mold Symposium was designed to 

provide tobacco scientists and other experts 

with information on the situation of the 

epidemic in 1980 and how to deal with the 

recurrent pathogen in 1981 as well as in 

the years to come . The Symposium was 

presented to three sessions : the first stsston 

(held in commun with several groups 

of specialists) was designed to provide summary 

information on the current situation, 

the causal agent, effects of weather, control 

methods and status of resistant variety development. 

The second and third sessions 

provided detailed information and technical 

reports on the topics above-mentioned. 

Furthermore, special reports on the blue 

mold situation in Cuba and the Dominican 

Republic were presented. Most title refer 

ences of these reports were included in our 

previous Bulletin (cf . ref . 3438, 3442, 3446. 

3509, 3512, 3517 . 3518. 3526 . 3527 . 3530 . 3531, 

3532, 3334, 3535, 3536, 3538, 3539, 3542, 3544, 

3545 . 3547) . 

The biologic and economic assessment of 

mottle hydrazide (in English ) 

USDA - Technical Bulletin n 163 4 

t 

This 106 page document (format 21 x 27 .5) 

was produced by a team brought together 

specially to study this sucker inhibitor, 

which is a subject of controversy . The team 

included no less than 19 specialists, and 

consulted a large number of other specialists 

: 11 for general agronomy, 19 for tobac. 

co. 39 for onions and potatoes, 22 for gras. 

ses, trees and shrubs, 4 for apples, 7 for 

strawberries, 4 for citrus . 

The document comprises six chapters, the 

second of which is devoted entirely to tobacco 

and in which the biological. and then 

the economic role of maleic hydracide are 

studied. 

Tobacco is also mentioned in the 1st chapter 

u itlr respect to the transfer of MH to 

smoke aid its effect on workers applying 

it to tobacco plants in the field . The book 

ends with 12 pages of bibliographical ref. 

erences 1221) . 


38 

DOCUMENTS RECUS DES USA . 

TOBACCO DISEASE COUNCIL - 1981 - 

Compte rendu du second symposium sur 

It mlldlou du taboo. (en anglais ) 

29th Tob. Work. Conf., Lexington, 1981, 

109 pages . 

Le programme de cc second symposium 

nord-americain sur le mildiou a etc conqu 

pour dormer aux scientifiques et autres specialistes 

du tabac Its informations sur I'epidemie 

de 1980 et Its moyens de parer au 

retour du pathogen en 1981 et dans Ies 

annees a venir . Le symposium fut presente 

en trois sessions : la premiere (commune 

a plusieurs groupes de specialistes) a eu 

pour but de fournir des informations de 

svnthese sur to situation actuelle. ]agent 

responsable du mildiou, ('influence de IS 

meteorologic, Its methodes de lutte et l'etat 

de developpement de varietes resistantes . 

Les seconde et troisieme sessions fournis . 

saient des informations plus detaillees et 

des exposes techniques sur Its sujets ci-dessus. 

Des comptes rendus speciaux ont etc 

presentes sur IS situation epidemique a 

Cuba et on Republique Dominicaine . La 

plupart des titres des exposes composant cc 

symposium ont etc mentionnes dans notre 

precedent Bulletin (cf. ref. 3438 . 3442 . 3446, 

3509, 3512 . 3517 . 3518 . 3526, 3527, 3530, 3531 . 

3532, 3534, 3535, 3536, 3538, 3539. 3542, 3544, 

3545, 3547) . 

a 

Evaluation biologique it economique de 

I'hydraidne maltique (en anglais ) 

USDA - Bulletin technique n' 1634. 

Ce document de 106 pages (format 21 x 

27,5) est le fruit du travail dune equipe 

formed specialement pour I'elude de cot 

inhibiteur de bourgeons dons I'emploi est 

tres discutt. Cetie equipe ne comporte pas 

moins de 19 specialistes. Elle a consulte 

plusieurs dizaines d'autres specialistes II 

sur un plan general. 19 pour It tabac . 39 

pour les oignons et les pommes de terre. 

22 pour Ies herbages . Ies arbres et Its arbusies. 

4 pour les pommiers. 7 pour les 

fraises, 4 pour Ies agrumes . 

Le document comporte six chapitres . dont 

le second est uniquement consacre au tabac 

ct dans lequel It role bioloeique puis 

economique de I'hydrazide maleique est etudie 

. 

Dans It premier chapitre, le tabac est aussi 

mentionne . pour ce qui concerne le transfert 

des residus de ce produit dans )a fumee ct 

son action sur Ies personnel qui I'appliquent 

aux planets de tabac en champ . Douze pages 

de references bibliographiques (221) se 

irouvent en fin de document . 

2347687

.1H is a chemical suckering product that 

inhibits cell division it is a systemic 

product, more effective than contact fatty 

alcohols. Total suckering makes it possible 

to obtain more aromatic tobacco, and there . 

fore of higher quality, and this concerns 

500,000 family farms in 22 States of the USA . 

The transfer rate of MH from tobacco to 

smoke is said to vary from I to 10 % . 

Although MH does not appear likely to 

transfer hydrazide to the soil, to the plant 

or to smoke, one of its commercial for' 

mutations (DEA-MH), on the other hand . 

is said to leave traces of N-nitrosodietha . 

nolamine . 

The report .Fecommends that as long a 

time as possible should be left between 

the application of MH and . tobacco harvestrig 

t that the period of application should 

be chosen carefully so that it does not 

have to be repeated ; and that only forniulations 

made for tobacco should be used . 

Bibliography on Smoking and Health - 1980 

(in English ) 

Technical Information Centre - Office on 

Smoking and Health - Rockville, Maryland 

20857 . USA. 

This bulky 533 page document (format 

21 .5 x 28) to which collaborated the WHO 

Centre for the study of the Smoking and 

Health. comprises 1 .850 summaries relat . 

ing to this problem (1) . an index of authors 

and of organizations, as well as an extensive 

subject index of nearly 100 pages . This 

document is certainly an excellent tool for 

everyone preoccupied by the Smoking and 

Health problem . 

Directory of on-going research In Smoking 

and Health (in English ) 

Office on Smoking and Health - Rockville . 

Maryland 20857 . USA . 

This bulky, 439 page document (format 

21 .5 x 28) . to which collaborated the WHO 

Centre for the Study of Smoking and 

Health, devotes to research (1,129 studies) 

made by 42 countries. A list of the main 

research workers. the organizations interest. 

ed in the subject : the ones which give 

financial support to such research and the 

subjects dealt with are given at the end of 

this volume. 

'li It muss he nemmned that the It .u anaitsss relates 

t the wart ut , .a COREST4 sclut,sts pe A . as Butts 

and the late or K .X. Win.( on the decrease Of 

tcutnd ; re Lden to tobaccp 


59 

Le MH est un inhibiteur de bourgeons qui 

inhibe its division cellulaire ; c'est at produit 

systemique, plus efficace que Ies al . 

cools gras de contact . L'ebourgeonnement 

total permet d'obtenir des tabacs qua sont 

plus aromatiques et done de meilleure qualite, 

et cela interesse 500000 fermes familiar 

les dans 22 Etats des USA . Le taux de transfen 

du MH du tabac dans Is fumee serait 

compris entre I et 10 this . S'il ne semble pas 

que le MH puisse dormer de I'hydrazide 

dans le sol. dans Is plante ou dans la fumee. 

par contre, I'une de ses formulations 

commerciale (le DEA-MH) donnerait quelques 

traces de N-nitrosodiethanolamine . 

Le rapport recommande de laisser i ecouler 

un temps aussi long que possible entre 

I'application de MH et Is recolte du tabac, 

de bien choisir le moment de cette appli . 

cation pour ne pas avoir a recommencer . 

et de n'utiliser que les preparations concues 

pour le tabac. 

Bibliographic 1950 our Is probleme Tabac . 

Santd (en anglais ) 

Centre d'Informations Techniques - Bureau 

b Tabac-Santo - Rockville, Maryland 20857 . 

SA . 


21 .5 x 28), a l'edition duquel collabore 

aussi le Centre de TOMS pour 1'etude du 

probleme TabacSante ., comporte 1 850 re . 

sumes concernant cc probleme (1) . un index 

des auteurs et des organismes. ainsi 

qu'un abondant index matiere qui occupe 

pros de 100 pages . Cc document est certainement 

un excellent instrument de travail 

pour tous ceux qui sort preoccupes par la 

question Tabac-Santo . . 

Repertoln 1980 des recherches fall" sur 

I. problems . Tabac-Santd (en anglais) 

Bureau TabacSante - Rockville, Mary. 

land 20857 . USA . 


21 .5 x 28) a ('edition duquel collabore 

le Centre de I'OMS pour 1'etude du proble . 

me TabacSante, est consacre aux recherches 

faites dans 42 Days (1129 recherches) . II 

indique, en fin d'ouvraae. la liste des prim 

cipaux chercheurs . des organisations interessees. 

des organismes out soutiennent financierement 

ces recherches et des sujets 

traites . 

tl . S,analom que le pnmlet outne -111 concerne 

Ies Irasau. d: deu . ....al : tICJr du CORESTA 'A u 

Biers n let It Dr KH Nesra rut la chute des mug 

de residus de pesaadn don ; It mbac . 

2347688

The health consequences of smoking . The 

changing cigarette. A feport by the Surgeon 

General (in English) 198 1 

U .S. Department of Health and Human Services 

. Public Health Service . Office on 

Smoking and Health . 

This 252 page document (format 15 x 23) 

is much less voluminous than the Surgeon 

General's '79 report . which comprised more 

than one thousand pages ; nevertheless it 

is no less interesting because, apparently, 

it shows that the anti-tobacco lobby will, 

in future, be more discreet in its assertions, 

and more resolved 'no study'-the problem 

thoroughlys; for example, for the Surgeon 

General : 

1 . ., the possible compensatory attitude 

of smokers of so-called mild cigarettes s 

raises a problem , 

2. the present methods for determining tars 

and nicotine in cigarettes should be ques . 

tioned . 

3. analyses on smoke should go much fur . 

ther than tars and nicotine, and include 

levels of CO and of other possibly dangerous 

elements , 

4. additives pose a serious problem of informaricn 

to smokers, 

5. the behaviour of the latter remains a 

major problem . 

6. the question of knowing whether there 

are products other than nicotine which 

,,tight contribute to maintaining smokers 

in a state of dependence must be posed . 

i. the influence of agricultural practices and 

curing on smoke composition must be 

studied. 

f 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM THE USSR 

Zmt:cHENxo A .A. 

Ecological genetics of cultivated plants (in 

Russian ) 

Shtiintsa Publishers . 


This 588 page book (format 17 x 26 .5) which 

t,e received from the Academy of Sciences 

of Moldavia (USSR) was published at Kishi . 

nev. It is a study of the genetic principles 

controlling the adaptation reactions of 

plants (from the molecular stage to the 

biocenosis stager. This book includes a 

12 page English summary. In his overall 

conclusion. the author asserts that there 

cot 10 longer be a question of increasing 

agriculmral calories from fossil fuel, it 

otlc because of the resulting increasing poh 

in consequences du fait de homer. Chaocement 

dana lea cigarettes . Up rapport du 

Medecin General (en anglais) 1981 

Departement US de la saute at des services 

humanitaires . Service de to Saute Publique . 

Bureau TabacSante . 

Cc document de 252 pages (format 15 x 23) 

est beaucoup moins volumineua que le rapport 

79 du Medecin General qui faisait plus 

de mille pages ; it n'en est pourtant pas 

moins interessant. car it semble montrer 

que 1'anti-tabagisme se veut desormais plus 

prudent daps ses affirmations at plus resolu 

a approfondir les problemes cast ainsi 

que, pour le Medecin Genera l 

1. ('attitude compensatoire possible des 

fumeurs de cigarettes dites douces pose 

question . 

2. les mathodes actuelles de dosage de goudrons 

at de nicotine des cigarettes doivent 

titre remises an cause . 

3. Ies analyses faites sur la fumes devraient 

aller bien au-deli des goudrons at de la 

nicotine at englober le taux de CO at d'autres 

corps pouvant eve dangereux . 

4. les additifs posent on serieux probleme 

d'information du fumeur , 

5. le comportement de celui-ci reste toujours 

tin probleme majeur, 

6. Is question de savoir s'il n'y aurait pas 

d'autres produits que Is nicotine qui contribueraient 

a maintenir le fumeur clans ses 

habitudes doit titre posse , 

7. ['influence des pratiques culturales at de 

sechage sur la composition de la fumee dolt 

titre emdiee. 

DOCUMENT RE~U D'URSS . 

ZHUCHENKO A .A . 

Genetique ecotogique des plantes culttvees 

(en russe ) 

Shtiintsa Publishers. 

Cc livre de 588 pages (format 17 x 26,5), 

qui nous vient de I'Academie des Sciences 

de Moldavia (URSS) . a ate edits a Kichinev . 

11 s'agit d'une etude des principes Rated . 

ques qui commandant les reactions d'adaptation 

des olantes (depuis It stade moleculaire 

iusquau stade de la biocenuse) . Cc 

livre comoorte tin resume an langue an- 

Rlaise de 12 pages . Dans sa conclusion eenerale 

. I'auteur indioue qu'il ne saurait sire 

question de poursuivre I'accroissement de 

lefficacite agricole an ajoutant toujours 

1

!upon and the cost ; it.is time to rethink 

some modern ideas. It if not only a question 

at making better use of possile fuel, but also 

of obtaining better control of the main agron. 

omic factors : the sod, climate, solar radiation 

(photosynthesis) . Even control of thermonuclear 

energy will not prevent us from 

paying greater attention to the most fragile 

links in the processes of the biosphere 

(coal balance, ozone laver, etc ...). It is 

increasingly necessary to make the best use 

of the possibilities of adaptation of all 

agricultural elements and to develop regional 

systems paving great attention to 

the local particularities of climate, soil and 

relief. Large scale agrkculture presents real 

dangers, pamcularly owing to its reduced 

capacity for agrobiocenouc self-regulation . 

The author index, which comprises no 

less than 30 pages and more than 1,000 names. 

shows that A .A. ZHUCHENXO had based 

his reflection on truly international 

sources. The subject index makes it easy 

to find rapidly the information sought and 

tobacco holds an honorable position . 

e 

DOCUMENT RECEIVED FROM ZIMBABWE 

Annual report and accounts (1980) (in English 

) 

Tobacco Research Council 

Half of the 32 pages of this brochure (format 

20 x 29,5) deal with the work of 

research workers in the following fields : 

agronomy (with special mention of Cyperus 

esculentus weeding), 

agricultural engineering (more especially 

changes in bulk curing barns) , 

chemical analysis (particularly research 

on pesticide residues in the soil and in 

tobacco) , 

entomology and nematology (the control 

of Agrotis sp., Meloidogyne javanica . Myzus 

persicae. Heliothis armigera and Lasioderma 

serrlcone) , 

breeding (Kutsaga 51 E maintains its populanty 

,ith 38 it, followed by Kutsaga 

tlarnmoth E (18 0°I and Kutsaga 110 

(17 °ol : the production of sterile male lines, 

using the cytoplasm of both Nicotiana un. 

dulata and N . meealosiphon . continues) 


61 

plus de calories artificielles venant des combustibles 

fossiles, ne serailce qua cause 

de la pollution croissante qui en decoule 

et du prix ; it est temps de reconsiderer 

quelques conceptions modernes . 11 sagit 

non settlement de mieux utiliser l'energie 

fossile mais de mieux maitriser les princi . 

paux facteurs agronomiques : le sol . le 

climat. les radiations solaires (photosynthe . 

se) . Mime la maitrise de I'energie thermo. 

nucleaire ne nous evitera pas de preter une 

grande attention aux chainons les plus vul . 

nerables de la chaine des processus de la 

biosphere (balance du carbone, couche d'ozone, 

etc. . .). II'est de plus en plus necessaire 

d'utiliser au mieux les possibilites d'adaptation 

de sous les elements agricoles, comme 

de developper les systemes regionaux, en 

pretant une grande attention aux particu. 

larites locales du climat, du so] et du relief . 

L'agriculture a grande echelle presecte de 

reels dangers, en particulier a cause de 

sa moindre capacity a I'auto-regulation agro 

biocenotique. 

L'index d'auteurs qui ne comporte pas moms 

de 30 pages et plus de 1000 noms . montre 

cue A .A. ZHUCHEtotO a nourri sa reflexion 

in puisant a des sources veritablement internationales 

. 

L'index-matiere permet de trouver rapidement 

les renseignements que ]'on recher. 

che ; le tabac y tient une place honorable . 

DOCUMENT RESU DE ZIMBABWE 

Rapport annuel et contptes (1980) (en anglais) 

Conseil de to Recherche sur le Tabac . 

Sur les 32 pages (format 20 x 29,5) de cette 

brochure, la moitie est consacree aux travaux 

des chercheurs dans les domaines sui' 

vants : 

agronomie (avec une mention speciale de 

la lutte contre le Cyperus esculentus) , 

ingenierie agricole (plus specialement les 

modifications des sechoirs bulk curing 4 . 

analyse chimique (en particulier la recherche 

des residus de pesticides dans le 

sol et dans Ie tabac) , 

entomologie et nematologie (lutte contre 

Agrotis sp ., Meloidogyne javanica . M,;us 

persicae, Heliothis armigera et Lasioderma 

serricorne) , 

selection (le Kutsaga 51E maintient sa 

popularite aver 38 °° . suici par Kutsaga 

Mammoth E (IS °°1 et Kutsaga 110 (17 0ol 

la production de lignees males steriles, utillsant 

le cytoplasme a la fois de Nicoriana 

undulaza it de N. megalosiphon, continue) . 

2347690

Li 

plant pathology (the pontrol of Pseudomonas 

tabaci and P. angulata (the former has 

Nicandra phvsalodes- as secondary host 

plant), Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium 

solani) . 

plant physiology (germination trials, mulching. 

irrigation) . 

Since September 1979. research workers have 

had a mint-computer at their disposal . 

Two pages are devoted to their 37 publications 

wick appeared from June 1979 to 

June 1980 . 

I 

INTER .N .4TIONAL DOCUMENT S 

FAO - Twentieth Conference of International 

Organizations for the joint study of projects 

for action in the field of Agriculture in 

Europe (Paris 2129th Febwry 1980 ) 

Eight working parties held meetings . CO- 

RESTA representatives participated more 

particulars in the work of the first group : 

Problems of agricultural production, improvement 

and protection of plants, including 

agrometeorology : the tobacco blue 

mould warning service was the subject of 

a report . 

On the occasion of this international conference 

the FAO printed a limited number of 

the document : Activities of International 

Organizations in the field of European Agriculture. 

The work of CORESTA Study 

Groups are listed in this documen t 

- card-index of resistant tobaccos . 

- problems connected with seed coating, 

- problems connected with tobacco curing. 

- trials with the range of trap plants, 


- blue mould warning service , 

- studies on LV'3 , 

- problems connected with the use of systemic 

fungicides, 

- harmonization of national legislations on 

the use of fungicides , 

- method of determining pesticide residues , 

- catalogue of planting, harvesting and 

stringing machines . 

.A dote on the nineteenth Conference held 

in Parts from the 21st to 24th February 

1978 uas printed in Bulletin 79/1 p . 15 

1 pathologic vegetale (lutte contre Pseudomonas 

urban et P. angulam He premier 

avant comme Plante hote secondaire . Nicandra 

phvsalodes), Rhicoctonia solani et 

Fusarium solani) , 

62 

physiologic vegetale (essais de germination. 

de paillage , d'irrigation) . 

Depuis Septembee 1979, un miniordinateur 

est a Is disposition des chercheurs . 

Deux pages sont consacrees aux 37 publications 

de ceux-ci, de Juin 1979 a Juin 1980 . 

DOCUMENTS INTERNATIONAU X 

e 

FA .O. - Vingfieme Conference des Organisations 

Interrationales pour 1'etude en cons, 

in= des plans d'activtte daps Is domelac 

de ('agriculture an Europe (Parts 2129 Idvrier 

1980) . 

Huit groupes de travail se soot reuais . Les 

representants du CORESTA ont plus specialement 

participe aux travaux du premier 

groupe : Problemes de la production agricole, 

amelioration et protection des vegetaux 

y compris agrometeorologie ; le 

service davertissement mildiou du tabac a 

fait ('objet d'un expose. 

A ('occasion de cette Conference Internationale 

Is FAO a fait un tirage limite des Activites 

des Organisations Internationales 

dons le .domains de I'Agriculture en Europe. 

Les travaux des Groupes d'Etudes du 

CORESTA y sont repertories : 

- fichier des tabacs resistants, 

- problemes Poses par I'enrobage des grainer 

. 

- problemes poses par le sechage du tabac 

, 

- essais d'assortiment-piege. 

- service d'avenissement mildiou, 

- etudes sur In LV3 , 

- problemes poses par ('utilisation des 

fongicides svstemiques . 

- harmonisation des legislations nationales 

sur Iemploi des pesticides sur le tabac , 

- methode de dosage des residus de pesticides 

, 

- catalogue des machines a planter . recolter 

et mettre en guirlande . 

Une note sur Is dix-neuvieme conference 

tenue a Paris du 21 au 24 Fevrier 1978 a 

etc publiee dans le Bulletin 79/I p . IS . 

2347691

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTR Y 

See also : 3632 . 3636, 3649, 3654 . 3655. 3656, 

3678 . 3692. 3698. 3784, 3785, 3792, 3801 

and title ref. .: 38063820 

3601 BAKER R .R . 

Variation of the gas formation regions 

within a cigarette combustion coal 

during the smoking cycle. 

Beitr. Tabak/orsch . int ., 1981, 11 .1, p. I . 

17 . 

Internal contour distributions for gas temperatures 

and for the concentrations of 

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, 

propane and oxygen have been determined 

at successive times before, during and after 

a puff of a burning cigarette . The cigarette 

was smoked in an atmosphere of 21 % 

(Vtv) oxygen in argon . The gases were with. 

drawn from the cigarette through a small 

sampling probe and filtration unit, and 

analyzed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer. 

The contour distributions show that 

the gas formation and transmission processes 

occurring in the coal, and their variation 

during the smoking regime, are complex. 

The interior of the coal is almost 

entirely devoid of oxygen . The consumption 

of oxygen is so rapid that the position of 

its major influx into the coal, near the 

paper bum line, cannot be seen on the 

contour diagrams during a puff. However, 

the oxygen influx during the puff leaves 

burnt-cut channels in the coal which be . 

come evident at later stages in the smok . 

ing cycles . When the puff ends, the product 

formation/transfer balance is interrupted 

resulting in a local build-up of the product 

in its formation region . This local ocal ' build. 

up reaches a maximum at 0 .5.1.0 seconds 

after the end of the puff, after which time 

diffusion processes deplete the level . During 

the static smoulder period, distinct high 

and low temperature regions for the formation 

of carbon monoxide and dioxide 

are not evident inside the coal. However, 

towards the latter half of the puff, a 

distinct carbon dioxide formation region 

starts to appear behind the completely 

Otvten.deficient region. Application of the 

pvrolvsrs computer model . developed pre . 

rwusly confirms that this second region 


ANALYSES 

ABSTRACTS 

63 

PHYSICO-CHIMIE 

Vol, aussi : 3632, 3636, 3649, 3654, 3655, 3656, 

3678, 3692, :3698, 3784, 3785, 3792 . 380 1 

et ref. signal . : 3806-382 0 

3601 BAKER R .R . 

(En anglais) Variation des zones de 

formation des gaz daps Is cone in, 

candescent de Is cigarette au cours 

du cycle de fumage. 

Beitr. Tabakforsch . int ., 1981, 11-I, p . I . 

17 . 

Les plages de repartition de Is temperature 

des gaz et des concentrations d'oxyde 

et de bioxyde de carbone . d'hydrogene, de 

propane et d'oxygene ont ate determinees 

successivement avant, pendant et spires une 

bouffee dune cigarette en combustion . Le 

fumage a are effectue daps une atmosphere 

de 21 % (v/v) d'oxygene dans 1'argon . Les 

prelevements de gaz ant ate faits au moyen 

d'une petite sonde, it travers un dispositif 

de filtrage, et analyses avec un spectrometre 

de masse quadripolaire . Les zones 

de repartition mettent an evidence Is complexity 

des processus de formation et de 

migration des gaz daps Is braise . ainsi qua 

de leur variation pendant le fumage . L'inttrieur 

de Is braise est presque entitrement 

depourvu d'oxygene. La consommation de 

I'oxygene est si rapide que I'endroit principal 

de sa penetration daps Is braise, pros 

de Is ligne de combustion du papier, n'est 

pas visible sur le diagramme de zones 

pendant Is bout fee. Cependant I'oxygene affluant 

pendant Is bouffee laisse dans la 

braise des canaux de substance brulee, qui 

sont visibles a un stade ulterieur du cycle 

de bouffee. A Is fin de Is bouffee . I'equilibre 

entre Is formation des produits et 

lour transfert dans Is fumee est rompu . 

ce qui provoque lour accumulation Bans 

Is zone de formation . Cette accumulation 

atteint son maximum 0.5-I seconde apres 

la fin de Is bouffee, puis elle decroit par 

un processus de diffusion. Durant Is combustion 

libre, on n'observe pas, a I'interieur 

de Is braise. de zones distinctes de 

temptratures elevee et basse de formation 

d'oxyde et de bioxyde de carbone . Cepen. 

dant . yen is seconde moitie de Is bouffee . 

une zone distincte de formation du bioxyde 

de carbone apparait a I'arriere de Is zon e 

2347692

is a thermal decomposition region, and 

shows that such a region for carbon 

monoxide is not resolved the combustion 

region . 

Author's Summary. 

3602 BELL J .H . 

Determination of giycyrrhlasc acid In 

Licorice extracts and chewing tobac. 

cos. s 

Tob?int ., 1980, 182.29, p. 68-71 . 

Tob. Sci., 1980, XXIV, p . 126-9 . 

The evaluation of licorice extract has been 

dependent in part on the determination 

of its glvcvrrhtzin content . Giycvrhizin is 

a collective term defined by the Houseman 

gravimetric method as that portion of the 

extract which is acid insoluble . The method 

requires three days. is tedious, and is not 

necessarily indicative of the active ingredi . 

ent, glvcyrhizic acid . The purpose of this 

study was to develop an analytical procedure 

for the direct determination of 

glvcvrrhizic acid that could be applicable 

to cased tobaccos. The analysis involves 

a one step liquid chromatographic procedure. 

A sample of licorice extract is 

dissolved in the LC mobile phase which 

is composed of water, acetonitrile. and 

acetic acid (66 :33 :1). is separated on a 

30 cm C., column, and is quantitated by 

UV detection at 254 nm. Total analysis 

time is about 30 min . Chewing tobacco 

samples are extracted with 50 4 aqueous 

ethanol and filtered. An aliquot of the 

filtrate is evaporated and the residue is 

dissolved in the LV solvent and analysed 

under the same conditions as used for 

the licorice samples . Extraneous material is 

eluted with the solvent front and the 

glvcvrrhizic acid is recorded as a symmetrical 

peak which is well resolved from 

any interference. Results show that the 

amount of glycyrrhizic acid is less than 

one-half the glvcvrrhizic content as de. 

termined by the Houseman method . 


3603 BEns T .E. 


Sugar In tobacco - Its effect on 

smoke pH . 

Lab. Pracr., 1981, 304 . p. 3468 . 

The sugar content of a tobacco has a 

strong linear relationship with the pH of 


64 

depourvue d'oxvgene . Le model'e de pyrolyse 

simulee par ordinateur, mis au point 

precedemment. confirme que cette seconde 

zone est une zone de decomposition thermique, 

Landis que Is region de formation 

de l'oxyde de carbone se confond avec la 

zone de combustion proprement Bite . 

Resume d'auteur. 

3602 BELL J.H . 

(En anglais) Determination de 1'aclde 

glycyvrhlslque dams lee extralta de regusse 

at In tabaca k chiquer. 

Tob. int., 1980, 182.29, p. 68-71 . 

Tob. Sci., 1980, XXIV, p . 1269 . 

L'evaluation des extraits de reglisse depend 

en panic de Is determination de leur 

teneur en glycvrrhizine . II s'agit la d'un 

tense collectif, defini par la methode gravimetrique 

de Houseman comme fraction 

de I'extrait insoluble dons l'acide . La methode 

prend trois jours, est fastidieuse et 

n'indique pas necessairement Is teneur en 

ingredient actif, qui est I'acide glvcyrrhizique. 

On a cherche to a mettre au point 

une procedure analytique directe de cot 

acide, applicable aussi aux tabacs sauces, 

Elie comprend une seule etape de chromatographic 

liquide. On dissout un echantillon 

de 1'extrait de reglisse dans la phase 

mobile de chromatographie liquide, to. 

quelle est composee d'eau, d'acetonitrile et 

d'acide acetique (66 :33:1), la separation s'e6 

fectuant sur une colonne C ., de 30 cm. et 

le dosage par detection UV a 254 nm .. Le 

temps total d"analyse est d'environ 30 min . 

Les echantillons de tabac a mother sont 

extraits par ('ethanol aqueux 50 ^c et fittres. 

Un aliquot du filtrat est evapore et 

le residu dissous dans le solvant de chromatographie 

liquide. puss analyse dans les 

memes conditions que les echantillons de 

reglisse. Les substances etrangeres sont 

elutes par le front du solvant or I'acide 

glycyrrhizique se trouve enregistre comme 

plc svmetnque, bien resolu par rapport 

aux interferences. Les resultats montrent 

que la quantite d'acide glycyrrhizique re . 

presente a peine Is moire de celle dotermince 

par Is methode Houseman . 

Resume d'auteur . 

3603 BEns T .E. 

(En anglais) Le aucre dans Is tabac - 

son Influence sur Is pH de Is fu . 

mee. 

Lab. Pratt., 1981 . 304, p. 3468 . 

La teneur en sucre du tabac presente une 

forte correlation lineaire avec le pH de l a 

2347693

T 

he tobacco smoke within the range pH 9 

to pH 5. Beyond this level (pH 5) an 

ncrease to the sugar content appears to 

evert a diminishing effect on lowering 

the smoke pH . and ocher factors, both 

physical and chemical, then play an increasingly 

important role between PH 4 and 

PR 5 . 

Author's Summary . 

3604 CHAMBERLAIN WJ ., BAKER J .L . . ARRENDA- 

LE R .F . 

A rapid method foi the determination 

of N-nltiosonornlcotlne in cigarette 

smoke by glass capillary gas chromatography. 

Tob . Chem. Res. Cont . . 1981 . 35, p . 17, 

abstr . 

Both the volatile nitrosamines and the nonvolatile 

N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) were 

separated by GC on a fused silica capil- 

!arv column coated with Superox4 and 

defected with a nitrogen phosphorus detection 

system. The method for the 

paration of these fused silica glass WCOT 

columns was developed in the authors 

laboratories and involves the use of Soperox4 

as a surface pretreatment and deactivation 

agent and as a liquid phase . 

These columns have produced excellent 

separations of the nitrosamines in cigarette 

smoke. Smoke condensates from various 

types of cigarettes were analyzed, and 

values of 0 .07 to 1 .7 ug NNN/cigarette were 

found. NNN levels in various tobacco types 

are discussed. The method is offered as 

an alternative for laboratories not equip 

ped with the expensive thermal energy 

analyzer used in traditional nitrosamine 

analyses . 

3605 CHIN N .Y .. CHOI S .C., LEE T .H. & al. 

(In Korean) Moisture sorption and 

desorption Isotherms of various leaf 

tobaccos. 

1. Korean Soc. Tob., Sci., 1981, 3-I . 

p. 3040. 

The moisture sorption and desorption isotherms 

showed different characteristics for 

different tobacco varieties . At a lower humidity 

range below 50 0o RH. burley tobacco 

had higher moisture sorption and 

desorption figures than Hicks and Basma, 

while . at a higher humidity range, above 

50 °° RH . Hicks had higher values than 

the others . The hysteresis effects of to 

bacco were greater in an intermediate ha 

midity range (40-70 0o RH) and Basma 

showed a greater effect than the others . 


PHYSICO .CHIMI E 

65 

fumee de tabac. dans la gamme de pH 9 

a pH 5. En deco de pH a, one augmenta . 

tion de la teneur en sucre semble exercer 

one moindre influence sur l'abaissement du 

pH de la fumee ; entre pH 4 et pH 5, 

d'autres facteurs. physiques at chimiques . 

jouent a cet egard on role de plus en plus 

important. 


3604 CHAMBERLAIN WJ ., BAKER J .L . . ARRENDA- 

LE R.F . 

(En anglais) Methode rapide pour determiner 

Is N-nitrosonornlcodne daps 

Is fumes de cigarette par chromatographle 

gaseuse mar vent capllWre. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35, p . 17 . 

abstr. 

Les nitrosamines volatiles ainsi que la Nnitrosonornicotine 

non volatile (NNN) ont 

ete separees par GC sur colonne capillaire 

de sihce fondue, garnie de Superox4 . et 

detectees it I'aide d'un systeme phosphoreazote. 

La methode de preparation de ces 

colonnes WCOT de verre de silice fondue 

a ete mise au point dans les laboratoires 

des auteurs et elle comporte i'emploi de 

Superox4 comme pretraitement de surface 

et agent de desactivation. ainsi que comme 

phase liquide. Ces colones donnent une 

excellente separation des nitrosamines dans 

la fumee de cigarette. Les condensats de 

divers types de cigarettes ont ete ainsi analyses 

; its valeurs de NNN trouvees sont de 

0,07-1,7 pg/cig . Les taux de NNN Bans divers 

types de tabac sont presentes . La 

preterite methode peut servir d'alternative 

pour les laboratoires non equipes avec le 

couteux analyseur a energie thermique . 

3605 CHIN H .Y ., CHOI S .C .. LEE T .H. & al . 

(En coreen) Isothertnes de sorption 

at de desorption de divers tabaca an 

feullles. 

J. Korean Soc. Tob. Scf., 1981. 3 .1 . 

p . 30-40. 

Les isothermes de sorption et desorption 

varient avec les differences varietes de 

tabac. A faible taux d'humidite (HR inferieure 

a 50 °e) . le tabac burley presente 

des valeurs de sorption et desorption plus 

elevees que Hicks et Basma. tandis quaudessus 

de 50 °o HR. c'est Hicks qui pre . 

sente lea valeurs les plus elevees . L'effet 

d'hysteresis du tabac eat plus important 

aux humidites moyennes (40-70 0o HR) et 

cet effet est particulierement sensible chez 

Basma. La cunstante de sorption et de- 

2347694

The sorption and desorption constant (K) 

increased with tdnperature (20 C and 

30 C) . but decreased with RH, and burley 

tobacco had larger K values, while Hicks 

had smaller K values than others. The 

sorption and desorption rates of burley 

tobacco were greater than those of other 

tobaccos. The monomolecular-laver moist. 

ure was 27 .8 and 51 .4 mg/g and the specific 

surface area was 101 and 186 m'/g, for 

Basma and burley, respectively . 

From Authors' English Summary. 

3606 COLE J .S. Zc¢t iia Z .'~ 

Extraction, estimation and persistence 

of benodanli fungicide in tobacco tl. 

sues . 

Pesric. Sci., 1981 . 12.2, p . 199-205 . 

The results of determination of benodanil, 

extracted with acetone from freeze-dried 

tobacco leaves and estimated by thin-layer 

chromatography and bioautogzaph , correlated 

well with those obtained by Soxhletextraction 

with acetone-light petroleum and 

determined by gas-liquid chromatography. 

A greater percentage of the amounts applied 

was usually recovered from leaves 

than from stems, and more was always recovered 

10 days after application than after 

one day. Similar changes in extractability 

with time were found in field samples 

less was extracted from roots, stems and 

leaves at transplanting (2 days after treat . 

ment) than several days later. Comparatively 

large amounts of benodanil were 

present in roots. stems and leaves, 4 weeks 

after transplanting and stem damage from 

Rhi;ocronia solam was restricted . 

Authors' Summary. 

3607 Dave D .L., SONG B.H . 


Chemical composition of dark air. 

cured and flrecvred tobacco. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Con/ ., 1981, 35, p . 15, 

abstr . 

Dark tobacco was cured by two methods 

and produced under three nitrogen regimes . 

A large number of semi-volatile constituents 

were isolated from both types. Many of 

these were terpenoids which were identified 

as being related to tobacco quality. Solanone 

and several C.,-ketones were identified . 

Solanol. benzvl alcohol . linalool and phenethvl 

alcohol were among the compounds 


sorption (K) augmente avec la temperature 

(20' et 301), mais diminue avec la HR ; 

le burley a les valeurs K les plus impor . 

tantes et Hicks Its plus faibles . La vitesse 

de sorption et desorption du tabac burley 

est superieure a celle des deux autres tabacs. 

L'humidite de couche monomoleculaire 

est de 27 .8 pour Basma et de 51,4 mg/ 

g pour burley, tandis que les surfaces specifi 

ues de ces tabacs sont respectivement 

de 101 et 186 m'/g. 

Extr. resume anglais d'aureurs . 

3606 COLE 3 .5 . . ZVENYIxa Z . 

(En anglais) Extraction, estimation at 

persistence du fongicide bdnodanl 

dens leis tWua de tabac. 

Pestic. Sci., 1981, 12-2, p. 199.205 . 

Les resultats de determination du benoda. 

nil, extrait par l'acetone a Pamir de feuilles 

lyophilisees de tabac et swims par 

chromatographie sur couche mince et bioautographie, 

sont en bonne correlation avec 

ceux obtenus par extraction au Soxhlet au 

moyen d'acetone-pdtrole tiger, puis chromatographie 

gar-liquide. Un plus fort pour . 

centage des quantites de pesticide applique 

est habituellement rtcupere des feuilles par 

rapport a Is tige, et 10 jours apres 1'ap . 

plication qu un jour apres. Des modifica . 

tions semblables de 1'extractibilite en fonc . 

tion du temps sont constatees dans les 

echantillons preleves en champ I'on ex . 

trait moths de fongicide des ravines, tiges 

et feuilles au moment de Is transplantation 

(2 jours apres traitement) que plusieurs 

jours plus Lard . Quatre semaines apres celle . 

ci, des qquantites relativement importances 

de benodanil sont presentes dans les racines. 

les tiges et les feuilles de tabac, et 

I 'endommagement de Is tige par Rhizoctonia 

solani se trouve limit! . 

Resume d'aureurs . 

3607 Davis D .L., SONG B.H . 

(En anglais) Composition chimique 

du tabac notr sect{ a fair at de 

cell sects an feu. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Canf ., 1981, 35 . P . 15 . 

abstr. 

Du tabac noir a ete seche selon deux me . 

thodes et cultive avec trois niveaux diffr 

rents de N. On a isole un grand nombre 

de constituents semi-volatils des deux tv 

pes de tabacs seches . Nombre de ces constituants 

sont des terpenoides et ant ete 

identifies comme avant un rapport a'ec 

la qualite tabacole. Le solanone et plu. 

sieurs cetone C-13 ant ete identifies . Le

isolated from the steam condensates . The 

phenolic compounds were present in higher 

concentrations from the,dark fire-cured tobacco. 

A number of different phenolic isomers 

were identified. One of the major 

compounds from dark fire-cured distillates 

was 4-hydroxv.3-metfsoxvbenzoic acid . Several 

hydrocarbons were identified in tobac . 

co cured by both methods . Nitrogen fertilization 

influenced the levels of certain 

nitrogenous constituents as well as other 

compounds ; however. other were unchang. 

ed by these treatments . A limited examination 

of the influence of storage was conducted 

. 

3608 FORREST G .T. 

Tunable diode Inner measurement of 

methane, ethane and water vapor i n 

cigarette smoke . 

App!. Opt .. 1980, 19-13, p . 2094-5 . 

The lasers offer unique advantages for th e 

analysis of gases in complex mixtures with. 

out component separation . The narrowing 

of absorption lines at reduced pressure 

allows sample components to be spectral- 

Iv resolved. and also provides for discrimination 

against nonsample absorptions . 

The utilization of the second derivative 

further discriminates against nonsample absorptions 

. Finally the rate of recording 

spectra is limited only by the tuning rate 

of the diodes, which at present is sufficient 

to allow spectra to be recorded in 0 .2 msec . 

From Author's Summary. 

3609 GoRDON B .M .. GREENE G.H ., REYNoLas 

RJ . 

Determination of nicotine, nornicotlne 

and other secondary amine alkaloid. 

In tobacco. 

Tab. Chem. Res. Cont. 1981, 35, p . 13, 

abstr. 

A gas chromatographic method (GC) has 

been developed for the quantitative determination 

of nornicotine, anabasine. anatabine. 

mvosmine, and nicotine in tobacco . 

The alkaloids are extracted from tobacco 

with aqueous sodium hydroxide, partitioned 

into chloroform . and filtered. Separation 

is performed utilizing a 60-meter fused 


PHYSICO.CHIMI E 

67 

solanol, l'alcool benrylique, le linalool et 

I'alcool phenethylique soot parmi les com . 

Poses isoles du condensat entrame par la 

vapeur. Les composes phenoliques sont presents 

en plus grande quantite dans le tabac 

noir seche au feu. Un certain nombre 

d'isomeres phenoliques differents ont etc 

identifies . L'un des principaux composants 

provenant des distillats de cc tabac est 

I'acide 4-hydroxy-3-niethoxybenzoique . Plusieurs 

hydrates de carbone ont etc iden. 

tifies daps le tabac seche scion les deux 

methodes. La fertilisation N influence les 

taux de certain constituants azotes, ainsi 

que d'autres composants, alors que d'autres 

ne sent' pas modifies par ces traitements, 

Une etude limiter Sur les effets du 

stockage a etc effectuee . 

3608 FORREST G .T . 

(En anglais) Mesure du methane . de 

I'ethane it de In vapeur d'eau dons 

to turns de cigarette par laser it 

diode modulable. 

Appl. Opt., 1990. 19-13, p . 2094-5 . 

Le laser ppresente des avantages uniques 

pour ('analyse des gaz en melanges com- 

E lexes, sans separation de learn composants . 

e retrecissement des lignes d'absorption 

a pression reduite permet de resoudre 

spectralement les composantes de I'echantillon 

et d'etablir tine discrimination vis .avis 

des absorptions ne provenant pas de 

I'echantillon. Vis-a-vis de cellesci, I'emploi 

de Is seconds derivee permet un surcroit 

de discrimination. Enfin, la vitesse d'enregistrement 

des spectres nest limitee que par 

In vitesse de reglage des diodes, vitesse suffisamment 

rapide actueliement pour permettre 

un enregistrement des spectres en 

moms de 01 milliseconde. 

D'apres resume d'auteur. 

3609 GORDON B.M . . GREENE G .H ., REYNOLDS 

Ri . 

(En anglais) Determination de Is nicotine, 

de In nornicotlne at d'autres 

alcaloides secondalres d'amines daps 

to tabac. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Cont., 1981, 35, p . 13 . 

abstr. 

On a mis au point une methode de chromatographie 

gazeuse pour determiner quantitativement 

la nornicotine, I'anabasine, Tanatabine. 

la mvosmine et In nicotine dans le 

tabac. Les alcaloides sont extraits du tabac 

a ('aide d'hvdroxvde de soude aqueux . 

separes dans le chloroforme, puis filtres . 

Leur separation s'effectue au moyen d'une 

2347696

silica capillary column coated with SE-54 . 

.Anethol0 is added as. an internal standard 

with a flame ionisation detector. Data are 

presented showing near 100 % recovery 

for nicotine and nornicotine from tobacco 

samples. Also presented are data showing 

the percent relative standard deviation for 

the entire procedure for nicotine, nornicotine, 

anabasine, m_osmine . and anatabine 

quantitation to be less than 3 % . In a 

comparative study, the percent nicotine and 

the percent total secondary alkaloids (as 

nornicotine) were determined by Cundiff- 

Markunas A .O .A .C. titration method and the 

newly developed GC procedure, for over 

400 different samples . Good agreement between 

the two metlPods was dbtained when 

the values'for nornicotine . anabasine. mvosmine, 

and anatabine, were summed in the 

GC procedure. In this' same comparative 

study, a single sample was randomly inserted. 

Although the final values determined for 

total secondary alkaloids are essentialiv 

identical, the coefficient of variance for the 

titration method is 25 % and for the GC 

method is 8 °'a . 

3610 GREEN J .D . 

Direct sampling method for gas chromatographic 

headspace analysis on 

glass capillary columns. 

1. Chromat .. 1981, 210, p. 25-32. 

A method is described which allows a rapid, 

direct, gas chromatographic headspace analysis 

to be made on capillary columns. The 

procedure incorporates a simple concentration 

stage, on a conventional packed precolumn, 

such that minor components present 

in headspace vapours can be detected . The 

method is illustrated by reference to tobacco 

(air-cured, flue-cured or fire-cured) 

and other samples of plant origin . 

From Author's Summary . 

3611 HECKMAN R .A., BEST F .W . 


An investigation of the Iipophille bases 

of cigarette smoke condensate . 

Tob. im ., 1981, 183.7, p . 83-9 . 

Tob. Sci . . 1981 . XXV, p . 33 .9 . 

Smoke condensates were partitioned between 

diethyl ether and water to achieve 


colonne capillaire de silice fondue de 60 m . 

garnie de SE-54. On y ajoute l'anethol 

comme etalon interne aver un detecteur 

a ionisation de flamme . Des donnees sont 

presentees qui revelent une recuperation 

de pres de 100 % pour la nicotine et la 

nornicotine des echantillons de tabac . D'au . 

tres donnees indiquent que I'ecart-type re . 

latif du mode operatoire entier pour le 

dosage de Is nicotine, Is nornicotine . ('ana . 

basine. la myosmine et !'anatabine, est inferieur 

a 3 %. Dans une etude compara. 

tive, It pourcentage de nicotine et celui 

des alcaloides totaux secondaires (sous forme 

de nornicotine) ont etc determines par 

la methode de titrage officielle Cundiff- 

Markunas et par In nouvelle methode GC . 

sur environ 400 echantillons . Un bon ac 

cord entre les deux est observe lorsqu'on 

additionne les valeurs de nornicotine . anabasine. 

mvosmine et anatabine dans la 

methode GC. Lors de la meme etude comparative. 

un echantillon unique a etc insere 

au bastard. Bien que les valeurs finales 

determinees pour Its alcaloides totaux 

secondaires soient essentiellement semblables. 

le coefficient de variance pour Is 

methode de titrage est de 25 % contre 8 °o 

pour la methode CC . 

3610 GREEN J .D. 

(En anglais) Mdthode d'echantillonnage 

direct pour ('analyse par chromatographic 

gasause des vapeurs superflclelles 

sur colonies capillaires . 

1. Chromat., 1981, 210. p . 25-32 . 

On decrit une methode permettant d'effectuer 

('analyse directe et rapide par chromatographie 

gareuse des vapeurs superficielles 

sur colonnes capillaires. Le mode 

operatoire comporte un simple stade de 

concentration sur une precolonne a garniture 

classique, de teile sorte que les 

composants mineurs presents dans Its vapeurs 

superficielles puissent titre detectes . 

Cette methode est illustree ici en se re . 

ferant au tabac (seche a fair naturel, a 

fair chaud, ou au feu) . ainsi qua d'autres 

echantillons d'origine vegetale . 

D'apres resume d'aureur . 

3611 HECKMAN R.A., BEST F .W . 

(En anglais) Recherche sur les bases 

Ilpophlles du condenser de fumee de 

cigarette . 

Tob. int.. 1981 . 183-7. P. 83.9 . 

Tob. Scf., 1981, XXV. p. 33-9. 

Les condensats de fumee ont etc separes 

entre ('ether diethylique et ('eau pour une

a gross separation of ytnoke components. 

The complex basic fractions derived from 

the ether soluble portions represented 2 . 

3 ".o of the condensates. The object of 

this study was to better characterize the 

!iooohvlic base fraction. The basic ethersoluble 

material derived from the smoke 

condensate of 45.000 cigarettes was chromatographed 

on Poragel. followed by rechromatography 

of the resulting fractions 

on Florisil. Further fractionation of the 

numerous subtractions by preparative GC 

gate many isolates of which 423 (308 bases 

plus residual neutral compounds) were 

either confirmed or tentatively identified 

by IR. mass, and NMR . speaioscopv. Of 

these . 100 wefe confirmed and 268(231 bases) 

were encountered in smoke for the first 

time. Most of the isolates were nitrogen 

hemrocvlcles that contribute to tobacco 

smoke flavour . No aliphatic amines were 

solo ted . 

Authors' Summary . 

3612 HEEMAN V .. DRUMMER U . 

New cembranolds from burley tobacco. 

Tob . Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35, p . 14, 

abstr . 

To investigate the distribution of diterpenoids 

in aged burley tobacco, a liquid 

CO:-extract of tobacco was separated by 

high-vacuum-distillation and column chromatographv 

using silica gel . A fraction enriched 

in diterpenoids eluted with diethyl 

ether. Individual compounds were isolated 

by repeated column chromatography, TLC, 

and HPLC on columns packed with Partisil- 

10 PAC. Identifications were aided by MS . 

H. and "C NMR. All analysed diterpenoids 

had the cembranoid structure . A new natural 

product. the seco-lactone 4,8-dimethyl. 

8 - hvdroxv-l l-(l .methvlethvl t14-oxopentadeca- 

5 .9-dien+olide was identified, and the structure 

was ensured by ozonolvsis . This compound 

could be derived from 2,6.11-cembratriene4.&diol 

by oxidative cleavage of the 

11.12-double bond, a similar mechanism to 

that reported for the 4 .6-diols. Three of the 

four possible isomers of 2 .6,11-cembratriene- 

4.8-diols were found . In addition to the 

well known a- and 3.2.7,11-cembratriene4,6diols 

and a. and 3.8,11-epoxy-2 .6,12(20)-cembratrien-tots. 

several other cembranoids 

new to burley tobacco could be identified . 

These results strongly support the degrauauon 

schemes recently reported . 


PHYSICO.CHLMI E 

69 

separation grossiere des composants de la 

fumee . Les fractions basiques complexes 

derivees des parties ethero-solubles representent 

2.3 % des condensats . Cette etude 

a eu pour but de mieux caracteriser )a 

fraction des bases lipophiles . La substance 

basique. etherosoluble derivee du condensat 

de 45000 cigarettes a etc chromatographiee 

sur Poragel, pals les fractions resultantes 

ont etc rechromatognphiees sur Florisil. 

Un fractionnement plus pousse des 

nombreuses sous-fractions par GC preparatoire 

donne de nombreux isolats. dont 

423 (308 bases plus des composes neutres 

residuels) soot ou confirmes, ou provisoirement 

identifies par spectroscopic IR, de 

masse et NMR. Parini ces sous-fractions, 

100 voient leur presence confirmee et 268 

(dont 231 bases) sont identifiees clans la 

fumee pour la premiere fois. La plupart 

des isolats sont des heterocycles d'azote, 

contribuant a la flaveur de Is fumee de 

tabac. On n'a pas isolc d'amines aliphatiques 

. 

Resume d'auteurs . 

3612 HEEMAN V ., BRUMMER U . 

(En anglais) Nouveaux cembtanoides 

de tabac burley . 

Tob. Chem. Res . Con}., 1981, 35, p . 14 . 

abstr. 

Pour etudier la repartition des diterpenoides 

clans le tabac burley age, un extract de 

tabac au CO2 liquide a etc separe par entrainement 

sous vide pousse et chromatographic 

sur colonise a gel de silice. Une 

fraction enrichie en diterpenoides est eluee 

avec I'ether diethylique. Les composes individuels 

en sons isoles par chromatographie 

repetee sur colonise, TLC, et HPLC 

sur colonises garnies de Partisil-10 PAC . 

Les identifications ont etc facilitees par 

Is MS et la NMR-'H et "C . Tous Its diterpenoides 

analyses presentent la structure 

de cembranoides . Un nouveau produit naturel. 

le seco-lactone 4,8-dimethyl-8-hvdroxvi 

l-(I-methvleth)Dd4-oxopentadeca-5 .9diene4 - 

olide. a etc identifie, et sa structure etablie 

par ozonolvse. On a pu deriver cc compose 

du 2 .6.11-cembntriene4.8diol par rupture 

oxidative de la double liaison 11 .12 . 

scion un mecanisme semblable a celui signale 

pour les 4,6-diols . On a observe trois 

des quatre isomeres ppossibles des 2 .6 .11cembratriene4 

.8-diols. En plus des composes 

bien connus a- et 7 2.7.11-cembratriene- 

4 .6-diols et a- et 54 .l1-epoxv-2,6.I2(20Fcembratriene-l-offs, 

on a pu identifier plusteurs 

autres nouveaux cembranoides du tabac burlev. 

Ces resultats confirment fortement les 

schemas de degradation recemment proposes 

. 

2347698

3613 Hom N D ., Aoa&s J .D .. Punt JJ. & 

a] . 


Chemical studies on tobacco smoke . 

68. Analysis of volatile and tobaccospecific 

aftrosamines in tobacco pm 

ducts. 

IARC sci. Publ., 1980, 31, p . 507.16 . 

The yields of volatile N-nitrosamines in 

cigarette smoke are primarily dependent 

upon the nitrate content of the tobacco 

and, to some extent, on the protein content. 

Cellulose acetate tips, such as those 

found on most commercial filter cigarettes . 

selectively remove it least 70 % of the 

volatile .V.nitrosamines, independently of 

the pH of the weakly acidic or weakly 

alkaline smoke. So 'far, three tobacco 

specific .V-nitrosamines have been detected 

in tobacco and .tobacco smoke. During to 

bacco processing and smoking, N'-nitrosonomicotine 

is formed by nitrosation of 

nicotine and to a smaller extent by nitrosation 

of nomicotine, whereas 4(N-methyl . 

N-nitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridvf-l-butanone originates 

from oxidative nitrosation of nicotine. 

N'-Nitrosoanatabine is formed by 

nitrosation of the second most abundant 

tobacco alkaloid. anatabine. The tobaccospecific 

N-nitrosamines in the smoke arise 

partly from the tobacco by transfer and 

partly by nitrosation of the alkaloids during 

smoking (pyrosvnthesis) . 

From Authors' Summary . 

3614 HOLLWEG J ., SCHUMACHER HJ ., StEHo- 

FER F . 

(In German) Codetermfnatfon by auto. 

mated gas chromatography, of nic . 

odne and water In tobacco smoke 

Condensate. 

Beitr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, 11 .1, 

p. 3943 . 

A rapid automated method for the simultaneous 

quantitative analysis of nicotine 

and water in the condensate of tobacco 

smoke was developed. With this procedure 

it is also possible to quantify the propylene 

glvcol and diethvlene glvcol. as well as 

the triacetin contents of condensate . The 

apparatus comprises an isotherm gas chromatoeraph 

with an automatic injector . A 

variable split is connected to the injector 

block, which distributes the sample between 

two separation columns, as analysis 

of all substances in a single column does 

not succeed in a short time. The signals 

of the two detectors used (thermal conductivity 

detector and flame ionisation detector) 

are transferred one after another, 


70 

3613 HOFFMANN D ., AMAMs I.D ., PtAnE J .3. & 

al . 

(En anglais) Etudes chlmlques sur Is 

tunes du tabac. 68. Analyse des attrosamtnes 

volatiles et specifques du 

tabac dens ses produits . 

IARC sci. Publ., 1980. 31, p. 507-16 . 

Les rendements en N-nitrosamines volatiles 

dans Is tumee de tabac sont Principelenient 

dependants de Is teneur en nitrate 

du tabac et . daps we certaine mesure, de 

sa teneur en proteins. In bouts-filtres en 

acetate de cellulose . tell que ceux couramment 

trouves sur les cigarettes du commerce. 

eliminent selectiverrent so mains 

70 It des N-nitrosamines volatiles . independamment 

du pH de la fumee, faiblement 

acide ou faiblement alcalin. Jusqu'ici, on 

a detecte trois N-nitrosamines specifiques 

dans le tabac et sa fumee. Durant le traitement 

industriel et le fumage du tabac, 

it se forme de la N'-nitrosonomicotine par 

nitrosation de Is nicotine . et. A un faible de . 

fire, par nitrosation de Is nornicotine . tan . 

dis que le 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-l-(3pyridyl)-I-butanone 

a pour origine la nitrosation 

oxvdative de la nicotine. II se forme 

de la N'-nitrosoanatabine par nitrosation 

du second en importance des alcaloides 

du tabac, l'anatabine. Les N-nitrosamines 

specifiques du tabac dans Is fumee proviennent 

en panic du tabac par transfert 

et en partie dune nitrosation des alcaloides 

au tours du fumage (pvrosvnthese) . 

Extr. resume d'auteurs . 

3614 HOLLWEG J ., SCHUMACHER HJ ., SEEHO 

FER F . 

(En allemand) Determination slmultenee 

par chromatographie gazeuse 

automatfsM de Is nicotine et de I-eau 

data Is condensat de fumes de tabac . 

Beifr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, 11 .1, 

p. 39.43 . 

Une methode rapide et automatisee a ere 

miss au point pour I'analvse quantitative 

simultanee de Is nicotine it de I'eau dans 

le condensat de Is fumee de tabac. La 

methode permet egalement la determination 

quantitative du oropvlene-glycol, du diethylene-glvcol 

et de Is triacetine dans le corder . 

sat. L'appareil comprend un chromatographe 

a gat isotherme a iniecteur automatique. 

Un separateur variable, branche sur 

le bloc de I'injecteur, repartit I'echantillon 

sur deux colonnes de separation . ('analyse 

de toutes les substances sur une seule colonne 

n'etant pas realisable en peu de 

temps. Les signaux des deux detecteurs 

utilises idetecteur de conductibilite thermique 

et detecteur a ionisation de Elam . 

2347699

time switched. to an electronic single-channel 

integrator to b e evaluated. With th e 

system described, u p 

day are made possible . 

to sixty analyses a 


3615 KAMSTRUP 0 .. Hucoo C ., LARSEN E . 

Measurements of low concentrations 

of car bonyl sulfid e. 

Beirr. Tabakforsch. int ., 1981 . l 1-1 . 

p . 33-8 . 

x 

Three methods are described for measuring 

carbonvi sulfide at low concentration 

levels (1-120 ppm) : mass spectrometry 

IMSI. gas chromatographv with an electron 

capture detector -(GC/ECD) and measure. 

ments by a Beckman carbon monoxide 

infra-red analyzer (B-CO). When the results 

obtained by mass spectrometry were used 

as reference values the two other methods 

gave linear responses. The practical applicability 

of gas chromatography with an 

electron capture detector for measurements 

of the carbonyl sulfide content of mainstream 

and sidestream cigarette smoke is 

demonstrated. The values obtained revealed 

an approximately eight times higher concentration 

of carbonyl sulfide in mainstream 

than in sidestream cigarette smoke . 


3616 Kum S.L. RAM H .W ., LEE M .S . 

(In Korean) Contents of fructose, glucone, 

sucrose, and starch in flueavred 

tobacco leaves. 

J. Korean Soc. Tob. Scf., 1981, 3-1 . 

p . 25-9 . 

Flue-cured tobacco leaves, produced in 

Korea and in the USA in 1980 were analyzed 

for their sugar contents. Regardless of tobacco 

varieties or production localities . 

glucose was the most abundant and sucrose 

the lowest among free sugars . In terms of 

total sugar USA-produced leaves contained 

the highest concentration in the grade CS 

,equivalent to the L, grade in Korean 

standardl, while in Korea the highest concentrations 

were found in the grade H . and 

L (equivalent to the B,F and C .F grades . 

respectively, in USA standard). Otherwise . 

Significant differences in sugar contents 

could not be found between Korean and 

American tobacco leaves . 

From Authors' English Summary . 


PHYSICOCHIMI E 

I 

7l 

me) sont. par le moyen d'une minuterie . 

transmis run apres I'autre a un integrateur 

electronique a can canal pour etre 

evalues. Cc systeme permet d'effectuer jusqu'a 

60 analyses par jour. 


3615 KAMSTRUP 0 ., Hump C ., LARSEN E . 

(En anglais) Mesures de foibles coocentradons 

de suffure de carbonyle . 

Beitr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, ll-1, 

p . 33-8 . 

On presente trois methodes pour la deter. 

mination de petftes concentrations de sulfure 

de carbonyle (1-120 ppm) : spectrometric 

de masse (MS), chromatographic en 

phase gazeuse avec detecteur de capture 

d'electrons (GC/ECD) et mesure au moyen 

dun analyseur Beckman infrarouge pour 

l'oxvde de carbone (BCO). Par rapport 

aus resultats de reference obtenus par 

spectrometrie de masse, les deux autres 

methodes donnent des reponses lineaires . 

On montre qu'il est possible d'appliquer 

la chromatographic en phase gazeuse avec 

detecteur d'electrons a Is determination 

de la teneur en sulfure de carbonvle du 

courant principal et secondaire de la fumee 

de cigarettes . II ressort des resultats 

obtenus que le courant principal contient 

environ 8 fois plus de sulfure de carbonvle 

que le courant secondaire . 


3616 Kni S .I., RAM H .W ., LEE M .S . 

(En coreen) Tension an fructose, glucose. 

saecharose et ansidon des feu8les 

de tabac flue-cured . 

J. Korean Soc. Tob. Sci .. 1981, 3-1 . 

p . 25-9 . 

Les feuilles de tabacs flue-cured . produits 

en Coree at aux USA en 1980 . ont etc 

analvsees pour lours teneurs en sucres . 

Ouelle que soft Its variete et le lieu de 

production. le glucose apoarait comme le 

plus abondant et le saccharose le moins 

abondant des sucres fibres. En termes de 

sucres totaux, les feuilles produites aux 

USA possedent les teneurs les plus fortes 

dans It grade CX (correspondant au grade 

coreen L .). tandis qu'en Coree cc soot 

les grades H. et L, (correspondant out 

grades US B,F et C,F) qui en contiennent 

le plus. Ccci mis a part . on ne trouve pas 

de differences sensibles de teneurs en sucres 

entre feuilles de tabac americain et 

coreen. 

D'apres resume anglais d'auteurs . 

2347700

3617 Kuw'ATA K . . UEYeRI M ., YAmAZAKI Y. 

Revered-phase liquid chromatographic 

determination of phenols in auto 

exhaust and tobacco smoke as p-nitrobenzeneazophenol 

derivatives . 

Anal. Chem .. 1981. 53-9, p. 15314 . 

Traces of phenols in auto exhaust and tobacco 

smoke were collected by using a 

fritted bubbler with 10 ml of 0.12 % sodium 

hydroxide solution and determined by reversed-phase 

high-performance liquid chromatographv 

via d*ivatizatioh with p-nitrobenzenedtfzonium 

tetrafluoroborate in aqueous 

medium at pH 11 .5. The analytical 

columns used (20 cm x 4 .6 mm i .d.) were 

racked with LiChrosorb RP-18 (5 um) and 

Polvgosil 60-5C,,, and the mobile phase was 

85 °'o methanol/15 °,o water. Excellent separation 

of a number of the p-nitrobenzeneazo 

derivatives of water-soluble phenols was 

obtained . The detection limits of the phenols 

were 0 .05-2 .0 ng. Phenol vapors in synthetic 

air samples. except for p-chlorophenol . could 

be determined in the low pans-per-million 

or pans-per-billion levels with less than 

6.5 % of relative standard deviations . 


3618 LEGGETT E ., SIMS J . . HAMILTON J. 


Carbohydrate content in burley tobac. 

co tissue. 

Tab. Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35, p . 16, 

abstr . 

Burley tobacco cv . Kentucky 14 was grown 

on Spindletop Farm at Lexington, Kentucky 

during 1980. The tobacco was produc . 

ed using recommended cultural practices . 

Plants were harvested at topping and at 

maturity. These plants were separated into 

four stalk positions . each separated into 

leaf lamina and stalk + stem . The samples 

were freeze-dried and weighed . Analysis of 

tissue included total carbohydrates . reducing 

sugars. and starch. The stalk + stem 

content of these components was greater than 

that of lamina. The lower stalk positions 

had higher levels of total carbohydrates, 

reducing sugars and starch compared to 

the higher stalk positions. Total carbohydrates 

in the lamina were approximately 

8 °o at topping and increased to a maxi. 

mum of 12 °o at maturity. The percent 

total carbohydrates in the stem - stalk 

decreased from 26 to 15 from lower to 

higher stalk position at topping. A slight 

3617 KUWATA K., UEBORI M . . YAMAZAKI Y . 

(En anglais) Determination par chromatographie 

liquids as phase Inversee 

des phenols dans Its echappements 

d'automobtle et dens Is fume. de 

tabac, sous forme de derives pnltrobenzeneaophenollques 

. 

Anal. Chem_ 1981, 53.9, p. 15314 . 

Les traces de phenols dans les echappements 

d'automobile et la fumee de tabac 

ont etC collectees a l'aide d'un barboteur 

en verre fritte contenant 10 ml d'une solution 

d'hvdroxyde de soude a 0,12 °b et 

de[erminees par chromatographic liquide 

haute performance a phase inversee, via 

derivatisation au tetrafluoroborate de pnitrobenzenediazonium 

en milieu aqueux a 

pH 11,5. Les colonnes analvtiques utilisees 

(20 cm x 4 .6 mm d .i.) ont etc garnies de 

LiChrosorb RP-18 (5 um) et de Polygosil 

60.5C.,, Is phase mobile etant constituee 

de 85 % de methanol et de 15 °° d'eau . 

On a ainsi obtenu une excellente separation 

d'un certain nombre de derives pnitroben. 

zeneazo des phenols hydrosolubles . Les It . 

mites de detection des phenols sont de 

0,05.2 ng. Les vapeurs phenoliques dans 

des echantillons svnthetiques d'atmosphere 

- a 1'exception du p

decrease in total carbohvdrates occurred 

in the lower stalk position at maturity . 

Reducing sugars decreased with an increase 

in stalk position . The lamina ranged from 

13 to 19 °o in reducing sugars while the 

range for stalk - -stem was 15 to 10 % 

from bottom to top of the plant. At maturity, 

the reducing sugars were increased 

in the lamina with essentially no change 

to the stalk -. stem. Starch content was 

7 °a and 10 °a in the lamina and stalk + 

stem respectively, at topping . The lamina 

starch content was similar at maturity, 

but the starch decreased slightly in the 

stalk stem. Total carbohydrates and 

starch contents in topped plants and untopped 

plants were nearly equal at maturity 

. 

3619 

PHYSICOCHIMIE 

duit a I'etage inferieur a maturite. Les 

sucres reducteurs diminuent du bas en 

haut de la plante. Its passent de 2.3 a 

1 .9 % dans Ie parenchvme, at de 15 a 10 % 

pour la partie tige + cotes . A maturite . 

les sucres reducteurs augmentent darts le 

parenchvme at rte changent pas dans I'au . 

tre partie de Is plante. La teneur an amidon 

est de 7 % at 10 % respectivement 

clans le parenchyma at la panic tige + cotes, 

au moment de I'ecimage. Darts le parenchyme, 

elle ne change pas a maturite, 

mais diminue legerement dans l'autre partie. 

Les teneurs an hydrates de carbone totaux 

at amidon sont a peu pros egales a maturite 

dans Its plantes ecimees et non 

ecimees . 

174TSCSHIMA S ., ISHIGURO S ., OHsUMI T . 3619 MAlsesatMA S ., ISHIGCRO S . , OHSIMi T . 

& al . 

& al . 

(In Japanese) Composition of ether 

soluble steam-volattles from tobacco 

smoke condensate . 

(En japonais) Composition an substan - 

ces volatiles ethero-solubles des coo- 

densats do fumee de tabac. 

Sci. Pap. cent.. Res. Inst. 1pn Tob . 

Salt pub. Co, 1980, 122. p . 137-43. 

Sci. Pap. cent .. Res. Inst . 1 n Top . 

Salt pub . Co, 1980 . 122. p . 137-43 . 

Main components in the ether soluble 

steam-volatiles from flue-cured tobacco 

smoke condensates were identified and do 

termined . Among them . phenols . furans, neophytadiene 

and indole were found in high 

concentration whereas nicotine was not detected. 

The ether soluble steam-volatiles 

were separated into several fractions by 

liquid liquid partitioning and preparative 

gas chromatography to isolate the components 

effective to the enhancement of 

favourable tobacco note. From one of those 

fractions was isolated 2 .3'-bipyridyl which 

suppressed astringent taste of tobacco' 

smoke . 

Authors' English Summary . 

3620 McDonALo E .M .S., Akivosxt D .E. . MOR- 

Rls R .O . 

Combined high perfotmance liquid 

chromatography-radlotmmunoassay for 

cytokinins. 

1. Chromat .. 1981 . 214-I, p . 101-9 . 

The cvtokinins isopentenvladenosine and ribusclzeann 

were conjugated to bovine serum 

a!bum :n and the conjugates used to raise 

antisera in rabbits . The resulting antisera 

had high specificity towards the cytokinm 

haptens and low cross-reactivits . towards 


73 

On a identifie at determine ]as principaux 

composants volatils ethero-solubies des can . 

densats de fumee de tabac flue-cured . 

Parmi aux. on trouve an grande quantite 

les phenols . furanes, neophvtadiene at indole. 

tandis qua )a nicotine nest pas de. 

tectee. Ces composants ont etc separes an 

plusieurs fractions par partition liquideliquide 

at chromatographic gazeuse preparatoire, 

de maniere a isoler ceux qui sons 

efficaces pour renforcer la note organolep. 

tique agreable du tabac. Dune de ces frac . 

tions, on a isole le 2,3'-bipyridyl, qui supprime 

I'effet astringent de la fumee de 

tabac . 

Resume anglais d'aureurs . 

3620 McDoNALD E .M .S .. AKIYOSHI D .E . . MOR- 

RIS R .O . 

(En anglais) Methode de dttermination 

combine . des cytokinines par 

chromatographic liquids haute performance 

at examen radlolmmunologique 

. 

1. Chroniat .. 1981, 214.1 . p . 101-9 . 

Les cytokinines isopentenvladenosine at ri 

bosvlzeatine art etc coniuguees a de I'albumme 

de serum bovin it les conjugats 

utilises pour produire des antiserums chez 

le lapin. Ces antiserums ont manifesto une 

grande spectficite cis-a- is des haptenes des 

2347702

other purities . They sgere used as the basis 

for a radioimmunoassay for cytokinins . 

which. when applied in conjunction with 

high-performance liquid chromatography allowed 

rapid and sensitive (to the picogram 

range) estimation and identification of 

multiple cvtokinins from natural plant (Nicotiana 

tabacum) and bacterial sources 

(Agrobacterium tumefaciens) . 

3621 PIAnE J .J . . HOFFMANN D. 

From Authors' Summary. 

Chemical anodize on tobacco smoke . 

67. Quantitative determination of alkaloids 

in tobacco by liquid chromatography 

. 

1. liquid Chromat ., 1980. 3-10, p. 1505- 

15 . 

A high pressure liquid chromatography 

method, developed for the quantitative determination 

of individual alkaloids of the 

basic fraction of tobacco extracts is described. 

Two reverse phases RP-18 columns were 

used. eluting with a gradient of aqueous 

triethylamine phosphate buffer (pH 7 .56) 

and acetonitrile . The method was optimized 

and compared favourably with existing 

quantitative techniques in regard to time 

factors, sensitivity, and accuracy . 

3622 PERFETT! T .A . 




Conformatlonal analysis of nicotine 

salts . 

Tob. Chem. Res. Conf.. 1981, 35, p. 13, 

abstr. 

The conformations of three types of nicotine 

salts have been determined. These 

salts have acid :base ratios of either 1 :1, 2 :1 

or 3 :1 . Salt formation between organic 

acid and nicotine is dependent on 

the structure of the acids (aliphatic or 

aromatic) and their functionality. The 1 :1 

salts of nicotine have amino acids or 

benzoic-type acids bound to the N-methylpvrrolidine 

nitrogen of nicotine. The 2 :1 

salts are found to bind one acid group as 

in the case of the 1 :1 salts and a second 

to the nitrogen of the pvridine ring. The 

2 :1 salts of nicotine are formed with formic 

acid. aliphatic dicarboxvlic acids and/or 

nitroaromatic acids. Nicotine forms 3:1 salts 

74 

cvtokinines et cane reactivite croisee peu 

rapide vis-a-vis des autres purities. Its ant 

ete utilises comme base Tun test radioimmunologique 

pour les cytokinines, test 

qui, applique conjointement avec la chromatographie 

liquide haute performance, permet 

une estimation rapide et sensible (de 

l'ordre du picogramme) et l'identification 

des multiples cytokinines des vegetaux (Nicoriana 

tabacum) et de sources bacteriennes 

(Agrobacterium rumefaciens ) . 

3621 PLAnE JJ . . HOEFMANN D . 

D'apres resume d'auteurs. 

(En anglais) Etudes chlmlques de la 

fumes de cigarette. 67. Determination 

quantitative des alcaloides dens It 

tabac par chromatographle liquids . 

1. liquid Chromat ., 1990, 3-10, p . 1505- 

15 . 

On decrit une methode de chromatographie 

liquide a haute pression. miss au point pour 

Is determination quantitative des alcaloldes 

particuliers de Its fraction basique des ex . 

traits de tabac. Deux colonnes a phase 

inverse RP-18 on ete utilisees . ('elution s'effectuant 

it l'aide d'un gradient de tampon 

aoueux de phosphate triethvlamine (pH 

7561 at d'acetonitrile. La methode a ete 

optimizee et soutient avantageusement la 

comparaison avec les methodes existantes 

pour cc qui concerne la rapidite. la sensibilite 

et la precision . 

3622 PERFtrr1 T .A . 


(En anglais) Analyse de conformation 

des at" de nicotine. 

Tob . Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35, p . 13 . 

abstr . 

On a determine Is conformation de trois 

types de sets de nicotine. Ces sets ant can 

rapport acide:base de I :I, 2:1 ou 3 :1 . La 

formation d'un set entre acides organiques 

et nicotine depend de Is structure de ces 

acides (aliphatique ou aromatique) . ainsi 

que de lour fonction . Les sels 1 :1 ant des 

acides amines ou acides de type benzoi . 

que lies a l'azote N-methvlpvrroIidinique de 

la nicotine. On constate que les sels 2 :1 

se lient a un groupement acide comme les 

sets 1 :1 et a un second au niveau du N 

du novau ovridine. Les sels 2 :1 de nicotine 

sont formes avec I'acide formique. les act. 

des dicarboxyliques aliphatiques etiou les 

acides nitroaromatiques . La nicotine for- 

r

with all aliphatic moaocarboxylic acids 

from C,2 to C-1O. Here,-one acid is bound 

as in the case of the 1 :1 salts and the 

other two acids dimerize and bind to the 

nitrogen of the pyridine group. Infrared, 

ultraviolet, proton magnetic resonance, and 

carbon magnetic resonance ("CMR) spectroscopy- 

as well as field desorption-mass 

spectroscopy, were used in this investigation 

of the conformation of nicotine salts . 

3623 SAITO Ire. 

(In Japanese) Studies on the mechanfeal 

properties of tobacco . 

Sci. Pap. cent.. Res. Inst. Jon Tob. 

Salt Co. 1980, 122, p. 33-95 . 

The complex effects of the four funda. 

mental conditions . namely the type of tobacco. 

temperature M. humidity (h). and 

the stalk position of the leaf (p) on the 

various tensile characteristics of tobacco 

(Yl were studied by the tension test on 

tobacco pieces. The results of the experiments 

could be summarized by the following 

formula : 

Y = C, + C,t + C,h + CV + C.p + C,p' 

where the contribution of It to Y 

was much greater than that of t a . A 

typically sharp difference in Y was 

observed between flue-cured tobacco and 

Japanese domestic tobacco. Secondly, in 

order to understand the difference in . Y 

between types of tobacco . the influence of 

soluble sugar content in tobacco upon 

Y was studied by using extraction 

technique. It was made clear that the difference 

in elastic modulus between ropes 

of tobacco was explicable very successfully 

by the change of soluble sugar content, 

and the difference in elongation percentage 

was also explicable fairly well by that . 

Thirdly, correlative experiments were car 

ried out in order to study the relation 

among Y and two mechanical properties 

aoolied in practical industry, fragility and 

filling capacity of tobacco shreds . As a 

result, the fragility was closely correlated 

wtth the elongation percentage. The influence 

of the elastic modulus on filling 

capacity was greater than those of the 

three volume properties, namely the specific 

volume of tobacco leaf itself, relative bulkiness 

of tobacco shreds and total bulkiness 

of shreds . Lastly. the relation between fragility 

or filling capacity and manufacturing 

condition of tobacco such as heat drying 

condition and the amount of added glycerol 

teas analysed on the basis of - Y values 

obtained in this thesis . 

From .authors' Sunretar,'. 


PHYSICO-CHIMF E 

I 

me des sets 3 :1 avec tous Its acides monocarboxvltques 

aliphatiques . de C-2 a C-10 . 

Dans ce cas, an acide se trouve lie comme 

pour les sels 1 :1 et les deux autres 

acides soot dimerises et se lient au N 

du groupe pyridine . On a utilise pour ces 

recherches la spectroscopie IR, LV, a resonance 

magnEtique protonique . a resonance 

magnetique carbortique ("CMR), ainsi 

que la spettroscopie de masse a desorption 

de champ. 

3623 SAITO K . 

(En japonais) Etudes sue ]as proprietes 

mecaniques du [abet . 

Sci. Pap. contr. Res. Inst. )pn Tob. 

Salt Co, 1980, 122, p . 33-95. 

L'influence complexe de quatre parametres 

fondamentaux. a savoir le type de tabac . 

la temperature (t), 1'humidite (h) et I'etage 

foliaire (e) sur lea diverses caracteristiques 

d'elasticite du tabac (Y) a ete etudiee 

au moven du test de traction applique a 

des morceaux de tabac . On pent en resumer 

les resultats par Is formule suivante : 

Y = C. + C,t + C,h + C,h' + C,e + C,e' 

cu la contribution de h a Y est 

beaucouv plus importante que celle de 

t Une tres nette difference a ete observee 

at cot egard entre tabac flue-cured et 

tabac domestique japonais. En second lieu, 

pour bien comprendre les differences quart 

a Y entre its types de tabac, 1'influence 

de la teneur en sucre du tabac sur Y 

a ete etudiee en utilisant use technique d'extraction. 

11 est clair qu'on pent expliquer 

la difference de module d'elasticite entre 

types de tabac par lour difference de teneurs 

en sucres ; it en va de mime des 

differences de pourcentage d'elongation . En 

troisieme lieu . one ete effectues des essais 

pour connaitre les relations existant entre 

Y et les deux proprietes mecaniques 

d'utilite pratfque dans l'industrie : la fraeilite 

et le pouvoir de remplissage des 

brins de tabac. Il en results Out la fragilite 

est etroitement correlee avec It pourcentage 

d'elongation . L'influence du module d'elasticite 

sur It pouvoir de remplissage est 

plus grande que celle des trots proprietes 

liees au volume. a savoir. le volume specifique 

du tabac lui-meme, It foisonnement 

relatif des brins et lour foisonnement to, 

tai. Enfin. on a analyse sur )a base des 

valeurs Y . obtenues durant tout ce 

travail de these, la relation existant entre 

fragilitc ou pouvoir de remplissage et Ie'i 

conditions de mise en muvre industrielle 

du tabac. telles Out conditions thermiques 

de sechage ou quantite de glycerol aioute. 

D'apres resanrre anglais d'auieur. 

73 2347704

3624 SAMFJIMA T . . NISNIKATA Y . 

Moisture sorption phenomena in cured 

tobacco. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Conf ., 1981, 35, p. 7, 

abstr . 

Experiments were conducted with laminar 

and shredded tissues from flue-cured tobacco 

(BY-4). The moisture sorption rate 

(mg/cm:/sec) through the cut face was 

much faster than the rate through the leaf 

surface. Since shredded tissue has a large 

cut face area most of the moisture was 

absorbed through the cut face. On the 

other hand, in laminar tobacco, most of 

the moistte was absorbed through the 

leaf surface. The moisture sorption rate 

through the leaf surface became extremely 

fast when the epicuticular layer was removed 

with chloroform . This result sug. 

gests that the moisture sorption rate in 

the laminar tobacco is strongly controlled 

by the rate of vapor diffusion through the 

epicuticular layer. The rate of moisture 

sorption can be described by the following 

empirical equation : dW/dt = K(We-W) ; 

where W is the average moisture content at 

time I ; K and n are empirical constants ; 

and We is the equilibrium moisture content 

at a given condition. The mechanism of 

moisture movement is discussed on the 

basis of the mass transfer coefficients 

through the leaf surface and the cut face 

of tobacco in relation to environmental 

conditions . 

3625 SHIMIZU C., JtNno S . . KIRIYAMA K . 

(In Japanese) Factors affecting the 

moisture content of cigarette smoke 

condensate collected on a large scale . 

Sci. Pap. centr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt pub . Co. 1980 . 122. p. 145-9 . 

Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is collected 

daily on a large scale by an automatic 

multicigarette smoking machine and is used 

for the mouse skin bioassay . The larger 

the volume of acetone solution of CSC to 

be concentrated, the lower the moisture 

content of the resulting acetone solution 

of CSC. Correlation between moisture content 

of CSC solution and relative humidity 

of smoking-room was ven' high . and the 

moisture content of CSC solution was affected 

by seasonal changes of relative 

humidity. Tar and nicotine contents per cigarette 

of the CSC collected by the smoking 

machine %,ere smaller than those of total 

particulate matter collected on aerosol filter 

by the standard method for cigarette smoke 

analvsis . From Authors' English Surnmarv . 



76 

3624 SAMEIIMA T ., NISHIKATA Y. 

(En anglais) Phenomenes de sorption 

de 1'eau dans Is tabac seche. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35. p. 7, 

abstr. 

Les essais ont etc faits sur du tissu laminaire 

at du tissu facile de tabac fluecured (BY-4) . 

La vitesse de sorption de 1'eau(mg/cm`/sl a 

[ravers la tranche du tissu coupe est beaucoup 

plus rapide qua travers la surface de 

la feuille. Le tissu hache presentant one 

large surface de coupe. c'est par celleci 

qua Is plus grande partie de 1'eau Pereira . 

En revanche, dans le tissu laminaire la 

plus grande panne de I'humidite est absor. 

bee par Is surface foliaire . Cette sorption 

est extremement rapide quand on retire la 

couche epicuticulaire de Its feuille a I'aide 

de chioroforme. Ces resultats donnent a 

penser que la vitesse de sorption de l'eau 

dans le tabac laminaire est etroitement 

commandee par Is vitesse de diffusion de 

la vapeur a [ravers la couche epicuticulaire . 

On peut formuler Is vitesse de sorption 

de la fagon suivante : dW/dt = K(We-WI", 

ou W est la teneur an eau moyenne a 

('instant t . K at n sont des cons . 

tames empinques at We la teneur an 

humidite d'equilibre dans des conditions determinees 

. On evoque le mecanisme de deplacement 

de ('eau dans le tabac sur la 

base des coefficients de transfert de masse 

a travers la surface de la feuille at la sur. 

face de la tranche du tabac, an fonction 

des conditions ambiantes . 

3625 SHIMIZU C .. JINeo S ., KIRIYAMA K . 

(En japonais) Facteun Influengant Is 

teneur an eau du condensat de fumes 

de cigarette toilette is grande echelle . 

Sci. Pap. cemr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt pub . Co. 1980. 122, p. 145-9 . 

Le condensat de fumee de cigarette ICFCI 

est collects journellement a grande echelle 

sur tine machine a fumer multi-canaux automatique 

afin d'etre utilise dans des essais 

biologiques sur peau de souris . On constate 

cc qui suit : plus grand est le volume de 

!a solution de condensat dans ]'acetone a 

concentrer, plus basse est Is teneur an 

eau de la solution resultante : la correlation 

entre teneur an eau de la solution de 

CFC at 1'humidite relative de Is piece de 

fumage est tres elevee . cette teneur an eau 

etant affectee par les changements saisom 

niers de HR : les teneurs an nicotine at 

guudrons)cig, du CFC collecte sur la machine 

sons plus faibles que celles de !a 

)APT totale collectee sur filtre pour aerosol 

oar la methode standard d'analyse de la 

fumee . 

Ext r. resume anglais d'awmr s

362b SIRONS G .J .ZILKEY . B .F., FRANK R. & 

al . 

Residues of diphenamid and its phytotoxic 

metabolite in Duecured tobac. 

co. 

1. Agric . Food Chem ., 1981, 29-3 . p . 661 . 

4 . 

Diohenamid and its metabolites were extracted 

from flue-cured tobacco leaves with 

benzene and quantitated on an electroconductivity 

)Coulson) detection system with 

a detection limit of 0 .01 mg/kg. the obtained 

data indicated that diphenamid was 

converted into :V .methyl-2 .2diphenylacetamide 

and 2 .2diphenylacetamide as the major 

and minor metabolites. respectively. Fluecured 

tobacco crops were treated in the 

prescribed rate of 6.75 kg. of active inaredmnt/hectare 

(a.i./ha) on a 25 cm band 

or 1 .6 kg of a.i./ha on a whole-field basis, 

and residues ranged from 9 mg/kg in 

the sand leaves to 0.2 mg/kg in the tip 

leaves. It is suggested that rapid translocation 

and stepwise demethvlation are 

protective degradation mechanism . 


3627 SLAt-EN R .W. 

PD dependence of the carboo-13 

nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum 

of nicotine. 

Tob. Chem . Res. Cant ., 1981, 35 . p. 14 . 

abstr. 

The carbon-13 nmr spectra of a variety of 

nicuunium salts have been obtained at 

several acid :base ratios. Salts studied include 

tartrate, malate, and chloride . The 

spectra were measured at 80 MHz in deuterium 

oxide under nitrogen using freshly 

distilled nicotine . The chemical shifts of 

the pvndvl carbons are found to be high, 

h sensitive to the pD level . Results are 

discussed both in terms of' the pD de . 

Penitence and the acid 

:base ratios these 

let els represent 

. Graphical representations 

demonstrate that addition of acid greatly 

allects the closely spaced resonances of the 

c C .3 

2 and 

and 

C-6 carbons and the similarly spaced 

. C4 carbons. At approximately 

DD = 8 there is a crossover of the rewnances 

in each pair . 

Suns CH .. Ct'RR1 .N J .G . 

apeetrophotomesric determination of 

filtration efficiency of cigarette filters . 

Tab b in ., 1981 . 183 .11 . p . 26.9 . 

Sc,, 1981, XXVI . p . 57-60 . 

The method is at modification of one pro- 

Dosed by Smn The new spectrophotometric 


3626 SIRONS GJ ., ZILKEY B .F . . FRANK R. & 

al . 

(En anglais) Residua de diphenamide 

et de son metabolite phytotoxique 

dana Is tabac fluecured . 

1. Agric. Food Chem ., 1981 . 29 .3, p . 661 . 

4. 

La diphenamide et ses metabolites ont ete 

extraits des feuilles de tabac sechees par 

le benzene et doses sur on svsteme de 

detection par electroconductivite (Coulson), 

avec une limite de detection de 0.01 mg/kg . 

Les donnees obtenues indiquent que ('herbicide 

est converti principalement en .V 

methyl-2.2di henvlacetamide et secondaire. 

ment en 2 .2-diphenylacetamide. Les cultu 

res ont ete trances aux doses prescrites de 

6.75 kg m .a./ha. appliquees en bandes de 

25 cm ou 1 .6 kg m.a./ha sur Is totalite du 

champ. Les residus determines varient de 

9 mg/kg dans les feuilles de sable a 0 .2 mg/ 

kg Bans lea feuilles de tete . On pense qu'un 

transport rapide de la substance et sa 

demethvlation graduelle constituent le mecanisme 

de degradation protecteur . 


3627 SLAVEN R.W . 

(En anglais) Dependence du spectre 

NMR-"C de is nicotine viva-via du 

PD. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Cont .. 1981, 35. p . 14 . 

abstr . 

On a obtenu les spectres NMR-"C de divers 

sets de nicotinium a plusieurs rapports 

acide :base. Les sels etudies comprennent 

le tartrate, le malate et le chlorure. Les 

spectres ant ete mesures a 80 MHz clans 

l'oxvde de deuterium sous note, en utilisant 

de Ia nicotine fraichement distillee. La derive 

chimique des carbones pyridvliques ap . 

parait tres sensible au niveau do pD . Ces 

resultats sont evoques en terme de dependance 

vis-a-vis du PD et de rapports actde:base 

representes par ces niveaux. Des 

graphiques montrent que I'addition d'acide 

influence considtrablement les resonances 

tres rapprochees des carbones C-2 et C-6 

et celles. de mime intervalle, des carbones 

C-3 et C-I. Pour un pD d'environ 8, it v a 

chevauchement des resonances pour chaque 

paire de carbones. 

3628 SLOAN C .H . . CCRRAS J .G. 

(En anglais) Determination spectrophotometrique 

de l efflcacile de filtrage 

des filtres a cigarettes . 

Tab . Lis . . 1981 . 183.11. P. 269 . 

Tob. Sci .. 1981 . XXVI, p. 57-60 . 

La methode est une adaptation de celle 

proposee par Smit . Elie peut titre egale


method can also be, used to determine 

indirectly the amodnt of dry cigarette 

total particulate matter (TPM) . delivery . To 

determine filtration efficiency, one to four 

filter cigarettes are smoked. The TPM collected 

on the cigarette filters and Cambridge 

filters is extracted with methanol, 

and the absorbances of the solutions are 

measured at 310 nm . Filtration efficiency 

is determined by dividing the absorbance 

of the cigarette filter extract by the combined 

absorbance of the cigarette filter 

and the Cambridge filter. The amount of 

dry TPM delivered by cigarettes is directly 

proportional to the absorbance of the 

methanol solutions: Thus the dry TPM delivery 

ofaa cigarette can be read directly 

from a previously prepared calibration 

curve of absorbance, vs . milligrams of dry 

smoke TPM . The results obtained by the 

method agree well with those obtained by 

the standard gravimetric method. Relative 

standard deviation of the method is 1 .8 

percent. The advantages of the spectrophotometric 

method over the gravimetric 

method include : rapid analysis . possible 

automation, improved precision and no determination 

of water in TPM . 



3629 VAVATSt-CHRISTASIS N ., PANAYOTOOPOULOS 

S. 

Isolation and partial characterization 

of tobacco protein antigens. 

IRCS med. Sci., Drug Metabol . Toxicol ., 

1980, &9/10, p . 614-5 . 

The isolation and characterization of tobacco 

protein antigens from a cured tobacco 

leaf extract by column and DEAE cellulose 

chromatography. polyacrylamide gel discontinuous 

electrophoreses, isoelectnc focusing 

and ochterlomy are reported. Tobacco 

leaf extract antiserum was produced in 

rabbits. Analysis of two fractions, A and 

B, indicated the presence of glycopproteins 

of similar isoelectric points but of differin 

molecular weights. The antigenicity of 

fraction A proteins was found to be 

stronger than B. When both fractions were 

tested against sera of smoking coronary 

artery disease patients by counterimmunoelectrodiffusion 

in agar agarose . fraction A 

reacted strongly and fraction B reacted 

weakly . 

I ment utilisee pour determiner indirectement 

i le rendement de la cigarette en matier e 

particulaire seche totale. L'efficacite du 

filtrage est determinee par fumage de l a 

4 cigarettes a filtre. La MPT collectee 

sur les filtres de Is cigarette et sur les filtres 

Cambridge est extraite au methanol et 

les absorbances des solutions resultantes 

soot mesurees a 310 am . On determine l'efficacite 

de filuage en divisant ('absorbance 

de l'extraitomdu filtre a cigarette par ('absorbance 

cbine du filtre it cigarette et 

Celle du filth Cambridge . La quantite de 

MPT formee par la cig. est directement 

proportiounelle a 1'absorbance des solutions 

methanolees. On peut donc lire directement 

ce rendement sec dune cigarette a partir 

dune courbe d'echantillonnage prealablement 

etablie, indiquant ('absorbance en 

fonction de la MPT de la fumee anhydre 

(mg). es resultats ainsi obtenus sont en 

bon acLcord avec ceux de la methode gravimetrique 

normalisee . L'ecart-type relatif 

de Is methode est 1,8 Oro. Les avantages 

de la methode spectrophotometrique par 

rapport is Is gravimetrfe sont les suivants 

analyse rapide ; automatisation possible 

precision accrue pas de determination 

de l'eau Bans la MPT. 

78 

Eztr. resume d'aureurs. 

3629 VAVATSI-CRRISTASIS N ., PANAY0T0PoULOs 

S . 

(En anglais) Isolement at caracterlsatlon 

parttete deg antigens protel 

ques de tobac. 

IRCS med. Sci., Drug Metabol . Toxicot ., 

1980. 8-9/10, p. 614-5 . 

On rend compte de l'isolement et de la 

caracterisation partielle des antigens proteiques 

de la feuille sechee de tabac au 

moyen de Its chromatographic sur colonne 

et sur DEAE-cellulose, de l'electrophorese 

discontinue sur gel de polyacrylamide, de 

l'electroconcentration et de l'ochterlomie . 

L'antiserum a l'extrait de feuille a et! produit 

chez des lapins. L'analyse de deux 

fractions, A et B, indique la presence de 

glycoproteines, de point isoelectrique identique, 

mais de poids moleculaire different . 

On constate que I'antigenicite des proteines 

de fraction A est plus forte que Celle de 

B. Lorsquon teste les deux fractions visa-vie 

du serum sanguin de patients fumeurs 

souffrant de I'artere coronaire, en 

utilisant l'immunoelectrodiffusion inversee 

cans ('agar-agarose . on constate que la frac . 

tion A reagit fortement et la B faiblement . 

2347707

3630 WEEKS W .W., WESaasW J .A . 

The cultural management of fluecured 

tobacco stefts~volatlle constituents. 

Tab. Chem. Res. Conj., 1981, 35, p. 4, 

abstr. 

The effects of cultural managements (nitrogen 

fertilization soil type, cultivation 

moisture, and curing) on the neutral volatile 

oils from cv NC 2326 grown during the 

1980 season at Central Crops Research 

Station, Clayton, NC, are presented. Fiftytwo 

volatile constituents from sevent[yy-two 

samples were compared chromatfyraphicalh 

after steam distillation . Significant differences 

(P S 0 .05) associated with particular 

management variables were measured . 

Simple correlation coefficients, r , between 

pairs of constituents were computed 

as clues to metabolic relationships, biosynthetic 

intermediates, and/or degradation 

products. Manz of these correlations were 

statistically significant . 

BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 

See also : 3612 . 3648, 3667, 3669 . 3689, 3693, 

3699, 3737, 3739 . 3743, 377 1 

and tide ref. : 3821-384 9 

3631 AL-OLADAN F ., WENDER S .H., Surat E.C . 

Effect of some phenolic compounids 

on the activity of 6-phoaphoglutonats 

dehydrogenase from tobacco dues 

cultures. 

Phytochemistry, 1981, 20.5, p. 961-4 . 

Anodic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 

of extracts of cultures of tobacco tissue 

Nicoriana tabacum W-38 revealed the presence 

of two 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases 

f6PGD). The slow and the fast 

anodic migrating zones were designated I 

and 11, respectively . After purification, enzvmes 

from both zones exhibited no major 

differences in their affinity towards 6 

phosphogluconate (6PG) or NADP , and 

were found to have approximately the 

same pH optima and MWs (69,000.72 .000) . 

The coumarins. scopoletin and esculetin, 

showed some inhibiton' effect on each isoz'me 

at 0.4 m .id . Below 0 .3 mM, however. 

esculetin stimulated the activity of zone I 

when lower amounts of 6PG (Se :,) were us 

ed. The glucosylated compounds, scopolin 


BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOLOG Y 

79 

3630 WEEKS W .W ., WEYBREW J .A . 

(En anglais) MaltrW agronomlgtie des 

continuants volatile du tabac flue, 

cured, entralnables a Is vapour . 

Tab. Chem. Res. Conf., 1981, 35. p. 4 . 

abstr . 

On rend compte de !'influence des pratiques 

culturales (fertilisation N . type de sol . 

irrigation, sdchage) sur lea huiles volatiles 

neutres du cv. NC 2326 cultivE en 1980 a 

Clayton. NC. Cinquante-deux constituents 

volatils de soixantedouze echantillons ont 

ete compares' par chromatographic apres 

entrainement a Its vapour. On a mesure des 

differences significatives (P C 0 .05) associties 

it telle ou telle variable culturale . Des 

coefficients de correlation simple. . r . 

entre paires de constituents ont die calcu- 

Ids comme indices de relations metaboliques. 

d'intermEdiaires de Its biosynthese et/ 

ou de produits de degradation . Nombre de 

ces correlations ont etc significatives . 

Voir aussi : 3612. 3648, 3667, 3669, 3689, 3693, 

3699, 3737, 3739, 3743, 377 1 

et ref. signal. : 3821-3849 

3631 AL-QUADAN F . . WENDEn S .H ., Ssans E .C . 

(En anglais) Influence de cerzaW 

composts phdnolquea mar l'actlvttt de 

Is 6-phospbogluconate dtshydrogeaue 

des cleave en culture de Nlcotlana tabacum. 

Phytochemistry. 1981. 20-5. p. 9614 . 

LElectrophortse anodique sur gel de polyacrylamide 

d'extraits de culture de tissu 

de tabac W-38 revile Its presence de deux 

6-phosphogluconate dEshydrogenases (6PGD) . 

On dEsigne respectivement par I et 11 les 

zones lente et rapide de migration anodique. 

Apres purification. In enzymes des 

deux zones ne presentent pas de difference 

ma)eure quant a lour affinite vis-a-vis du 

6PG ou du NADP et presentent a peu pries 

le memo optimum de pH et les mimes 

poids moleculaires (69000.72000). Les coumarines. 

scopoletine et esculetine . exercent 

une certaine action inhibitrice sur chacune 

des isozymes a 0 .4 mM. Cependant. l'escu- 

IEtine a moires de 0,3 mM stimule l'activite 

de Its zone I lorsqu'on utilise de plus faibles 

quantites de 6PG (S. .o). Les compose s

and esculin. were rich more inhibitory 

towards the 6PGDs- .,than their respective 

aglvcones. Ferulic, p.coumaric and caffeic 

acid seemed to have an inhibitory effect 

dependent on 6PG concentration . A larger 

inhibition was observed in each case at 

the lower 6PG levels used . Zone I activity 

appeared to be inhibited to a greater degree 

than zone II activity by 0A mM p coumaric 

acid with low 6PG. Of the phenolic compounds 

tested. chlorogenic acid was most 

affective, completely inhibiting the enzyme 

activity at 0.4 mM. Of the non-phenolic 

compounds investigated, glucose 1 .6-diyhosphate 

inhibited both isoenzymes of 6PGD 

at lower 6PG concentrations' On the other 

hand, 2.34iphosphoglycerate activated both 

isoenzvmes up to 200 h of their original 

activity . 


3632 AL-OCADAN F ., WENDER S .H ., SMITH E .C . 

Comparison of tryptic peptide traps 

of two isoenrymes of 6-phosphogluconate 

dehydrogenase from tobac. 

co tissue cultures. 

Phvtochemistry, 1981, 206, p . 1201-3 . 

In a previous study by the authors, two 

isoenzvmes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 

were isolated from cultures of tobacco 

tissue Nicotiana tabacum W-38 and 

shown to be similar in their pH optima 

and MWs, and in their affinities toward 

6-phosphogluconate or NADP-. In an attempt 

to clarify the structural relationships 

between these two isoenzvmes, peptide mapping 

of trypsin digests of the purified isoenzymes 

was performed . The maps were 

found to be similar, with at least 29 peptide 

groups from the trypsin digestion of each 

isocnzvme being alike . There were, however. 

definite minor differences in the peptide 

maps of the two isoenzymes . 


3633 ANAND V .V ., AREKAL G .D ., SWAMP H .G .L . 

Foliar histology of androgenetlc haptold 

Vegetative . and Generative 

plants of tobacco. 

Curr. Sci .. 1981, 50-7, p . 327-9 . 

In anther cultures of Niconmw tabacum, 

embryoids and piantlets derived exclusive!} 


BIOCHIMIE-BIOLOGI E 

I 

tlucosyles, scopoline et esculine . inhibent 

eaucoup plus Its 6PGD que lours aglycones 

respectifs. its acides ferulique. pcoumanque 

et caftique semblent avoir unc 

action inhibitrice dependante de Is conc . 

en 6PG. Dans chaque as, !'inhibition observed 

est plus fore aux doses Its plus 

faibles de 6PG. L'activite de Is zone I 

semble inhibee plus fortement que celle 

de Is zone 11 par 0 .4 mM d'acide p-coumarique 

avec un faible taux de 6PG. Des 

composes phenoliques testes . 1'acide chlorogenique 

est It plus efficace, inhibant comoletement 

I'activite enzymatique a 0 .4 mM . 

Parrot Its composes non phenoliques examines, 

It glucose 1,6diphosphate inhibe les 

deux isoenzymes de Is 6-PGD aim plus faib!es 

conc. de 6PG. En revanche, It 2,3diphosphoglycerate 

active les deux isoenrymes 

jusqu'a 200 h de leur activite initiale 

. 


3632 AL-OUADAN F., WENDER S .H ., SMITH E .C . 

(En anglais) Comparaison des compositions 

an peptides trypaiques de 

deux isoenzymes de Is 6-phosphogluco- 

Date deshydroginase des cultures de 

tissu de tabac. 

Phytochemistrv, 1981, 20-6, p . 1201-3 . 

Dans une precedente etude, les auteurs ont 

isole deux isoenzvmes de la 6-phosphogluconate 

deshydrogenase de cultures de tissu 

de Nicotiana tabacum W-38. et montre 

qu'elles etaient semblables quart it leur optimum 

de pH. leurs poids moleculaires et lours 

affinites vis-a-vis de Is 6-phosphogluconate 

du du NADP-. Pour elucider Its relations 

structurelles entre its deux isoenzvmes, on 

a etabli Is carte des peptides des digestats 

trypsiques de ces isoenzvmes purifiees . Its 

canes apparaissent semblables, 29 groupements 

peptidiques au morns de Is digestion 

trvpsique de chacune d'elles etant identiques . 

Certaines differences mineures sont toutefois 

observees entre les deux canes . 


3633 ANAND V .V ., AREKAL G .D., Sw. MY B .G .L . 

(En analais) Histologic des feullles 

de plantes haploides de tabac, yegetatives 

et reproductrices . obtenues 

par androgenese . 

Curt. Sci ., 1981, 50-7, p . 327-9 . 

Dans Its cultures dantheres de Nicotiana 

tabacum, it se forme des embrvoides et

from the vegetative cell . exclusively from 

the generative cell and &Iso of those engendered 

by the participation of both the 

cells occur . Haploid plantuets of the above 

three origins have been designated respectivel% 

as the Vegetative plant . Generative plant 

and the Chimera. The purpose of the 

present communication is to report the 

endomorphic differences in leaves of the 

Vegetative and Generative plants and to 

correlate them with the typical foliar 

histology seen in their diploid parental 

plants . 

I 



3634 ARCILA J ., MOHAPATRA S .C ., 30HNSON 

W .H . 

Uptake and Incorporation of 'H leuclne 

by germinating tobacco seeds . 

Tob. Chem. Res. Conf ., 1981, 35 . p. 5, 

abstr . 

During tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var . 

Speight G-28) seed germination no morphological 

change takes place during the first 

48 hours of imbibition. This developmental 

lag is not related to moisture limitations 

because moisture saturation- is attained by 

six to nine hours following soaking. Further. 

more. the fact that maximum sensitivity 

to light develops during the first 48 hours 

of germination indicates that one or more 

subcellular events must be taking place 

during this period. Studies on dry weight . 

osmotic potential . and respiration did not 

reveal any detectable change in these physio. 

logical parameters . Neither did electron 

microscopic studies reveal any ultrastructural 

change. Therefore, changes at molecular 

level were investigated through pulse 

labelling of tritiated (H) leucine at 25 C 

under continuous illumination . This label 

was incorporated to the protein fraction 

(i .e. TCA-insoluble fraction) maximum during 

the first 24 hours of imbibition. Thus . 

it seems that in spite of the lack of morphogenetic 

and physiological changes during 

the first 48 hours of germination changes 

involving proteins, and perhaps other biochemical 

components . occur prior to the 

subsequent growth process . The regulatory 

significance of these events is discussed . 


8i 

des plantules derives uniquement de cellules 

vegetatives . uniquement de cellules re . 

productrices. et aussi a partir des deux 

types de cellules. Les plantules haploides 

des trois origines ci-dessus ont etc respectivement 

designees : plantes vegetati . 

ves ., plantes a reproductrices et . chimeres 

. It present article a pour but de 

signaler les differences endomorphiques au 

niveau des feuilles des deux premiers types 

de plantes et de correler ces differences 

avec l'histologie foliaire typique observee 

chez leurs parents diploides . 


3634 ARCILA J ., MOHAPATRA S .C ., JOHNSON 

W .H . 

(En anglais) Absorption at Incorpontlon 

de leuclne-'H par lea aemences 

de tabac an cours de la germination. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Cont ., 1981, 35, p . 5, 

abstr, 

Au cours de la germination des semences 

de Nicotiana tabacum cv . Speight G-28, aucun 

changement morphologique n'intervient 

au cours des premieres 48 h de l'imbibition 

Cc delai dans le developpement n'est pas 

he a une limitation de la teneur en eau, 

car la saturation en celle-ci est atteinte 

six a neuf heures apses le debut du trempage. 

De plus. le fait que la sensibilite 

maximale a la luinitre se developpe au 

cours des premieres 48 h de la germination 

indique qu un ou plusieurs evenements subcellulaires 

se produisent au cours de cette 

periode. Les etudes sur le poids sec. It 

potentiel osmotique et la respiration ne 

revelent aucun changement perceptible en 

cc qui concerne ces parametres phvsiologiques. 

Les etudes au microscope electronique 

ne montrent pas non plus de change. 

ments ultrastructuraux . C'est pourquoi ]'on 

a etudie les modifications au niveau mole . 

culaire en utilisant le marquage par im . 

pulsion de leucine tritiee ('H) a 25', sous 

illumination continue. Le marqueur est 

incorpore a la fraction proteique (fraction 

insoluble dans le TCA) a un taux maximum 

durant les premieres vingi-quatre 

heures de !'imbibition . II semble donc qu'en 

('absence de changements morphogeneuques 

et physiologiques durant Its premieres 

48 h de la germination . des modifications au 

niveau des proteines. et peut-titre d'autres 

componants biochimiques, se produisent an . 

terieurement au processus de croissance de 

la graine . On evoque le role regulateur de 

ces phenomenes . 

2347710

3635 ARFMANN H.A, HMSE E . 

Effect of soplum butyrate on the 

modification of histones in call cultures 

of Nicotiana tabacum. 

Plant Sci. Lett ., 1981. 21-4, p. 317.24 . 

A Ti plasmid transformed cell culture of 

Nicotiana tabacum (A6) was incubated with 

5 mM sodium butyrate, a potent inhibitor 

of histone deacetylase, as evidenced with 

animal and human cell lines . The preparation 

of the nuclei, extraction of histories and 

their separation on urea-acrylamide-acetic 

acid gels revealed a histone H4 pattern 

which ftrongly resembles the acetylated 

pattern found with butyrate treated animal 

and human cell cultures . The pattern was 

not changed upon treatment with alkaline 

phosphatase and was also observed with 

a non-transformed phytohormone-dependent 

cell line of N. tabacum. These results suggest 

that both animal and plant histones 

are subjected to the same kind of modification, 

which may be related to gene 

regulation. However, the extent of acetylation 

of H4 observed in the present case 

seems to be lower than that e .g. found 

with HeLa cells . 


3636 ARRENDALE R .F., SEVERSON R.F . CHOR. 

TTx O .T . 


Alkaloid development in normal and 

convener tobaccos. 

Tot,. Chem. Res. Cont ., 1981 . 35. p. 12, 

abstr . 

One of the most budworm resistant tobaccos 

is a Tobacco Introduction (TI .1112) . 

This tobacco has also demonstrated a high 

degree of resistance to the green peach 

aphid. TI-1112 has the converter trait, resulting 

in high levels of nornicotine (about 

75 °a of the total alkaloids) in the cured 

leaf. It was of interest to determine if the 

insect resistance of TI-1112 could be attributed 

to a different alkaloid composition 

(nicotine, nornicotine, mvosmine, anabasine . 

anatabine compared to alkaloid distri . 

buttons of conventional non-resistant tobaccos 

. TI .1]]2 and two normal bright to. 

baccos . NC 2326 and Speight G-28 were 

grown at Oxford, NC, under flue-cured cultural 

conditions . The tobaccos were sampled 

at the mid-stalk position at the following 

erowth stages bud leaf, bud leaf developed to 

four to six inches, half-grown leaf, full-grown 


I 

82 

3635 ARFMANN H .A .. HusE E. 

(En anglais) Influence du butyrate de 

south scar Ia modification des histones 

dens ICs cultures MUUIM s de Nlcotlana 

tabacum. 

Plant Sci . Lett ., 1981, 21.4, p . 317-24 . 

Une culture cellulaire de Nicoriana tabacum 

transformee par le plasmide TI (A61 a etc 

mise a incuber aver 5 mM de burvrate de 

soude, puissant inhibiteur de l'histone desacetylase 

(ainsi qu'il apparait clans In lignees 

cellulaires animales et humaines) . 

La preparation des noyaux, ('extraction 

des histones it leur separation sur gels 

d'uree-acrylamideacide acetique fait apparaltre 

une conformation histone H4 ressem . 

blant fortement a Is conformation acetvlee 

observee chez les cellules animales ethumaines 

en culture, traitees au butvrate . 

La conformation nest pas modifiee apres 

traitement a Is phosphatase alcaline : on 

('observe egalement chez une lignee cellufaire 

de N . tabacum non transformee, dependante 

des phytohormones. Ces resultats 

donnent a penser que les histones animales 

comme les vegetates sont soumises au 

mime type de modification . laauelle se. 

rait commandee genetiquement . En revan. 

che, 1'acetylation de H4 observee dans le 

cas present semble moms importante que 

celle trouvee. par exemple, chez les cellules 

HeLa . 


3636 ARRENDALE R .F ., SEVERSON R.F . CHOR- 

Tvit O .T . 

(En anglais) Developpement des alce . 

bides chez les tabacs normaux at lea 

tabacs a Conversion. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Cont., 1981, 35, p . 12. 

abstr . 

L'un des tabacs les plus resistants a Hefiothis 

virescens est TI-1112. II est egalement 

tres resistant aux pucerons . TI-1112 

a le caractere dit a conversion qui 

determine des taux Cleves de nornicotine 

(environ 75 h des alcalofdes totaux) daps 

Is feuille sechee . II etait done interessant 

de voir si cette resistance pouvait titre at . 

tribuee a une composition en alcaloides 

(nicotine . nornicotine. mvosmine, anabasine . 

anatabine). differente de celle des autres 

tabacs. non resistants . TI-1112 ei deux tabacs 

Bright normaux, NC 2326 et Speight 

G-28. ont ete cultives a Oxford . NC. dans 

les conditions culturales du flue-cured . Les tabacs 

ont etc echantillonnes en position mediane 

aux statics suivants : bourgeon foiiaire . 

feuille developpee de 10-15 cm . feuille a mi 

croissance, feuille pleinement developpee . 

feuille a fecimage, feuille miure avant sechag e 

2347711

leaf. leaf at time of topping, ripe leaf before 

flue-curing, and leaf,rafter flue-curing . 

Green and ripe samples were freeze-dried 

immediately after collection . After extraction 

with KOH-methanol, the samples were 

analyzed by gas chromatography on a 

Superox- capillan column, using a nitrogen 

specific detector. All tobaccos had similar 

levels of total alkaloids at the same stage 

of sampling. In TI-1112, the majority of 

the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine 

took place after topping . 

3637 BERLIN J . 

Formathm of putreaclne and cinnamoyl 

putrescines in tobacco cell cultures. 

Phytochemistry, 1981, 20-1 . p . 53-5 . 

A p-fluorophenvlalanine- (PFP) resistant cell 

line of Nicotiana tabacum and wild type 

cells accumulating high and low levels of 

cinnamoyl putrescines . respectively, were 

used. Labelled arginine and ornithine were 

equally well incorporated into the main 

coniusates caffeovl and ferulovi putrescine . 

Trapping expenments indicated that both 

amino acids were decarboxylated for putrescine 

biosynthesis. Nearly all alcoholextractable 

radioactivity from the labelled 

amino acids was found as cinnamoyl putrescines 

in the PFP-resistant cell line, 

whereas wild type cells retained significant 

radioactivity in the amino acids . The enzyme 

activities of arginine and ornithine 

decarboxvlases in the resistant cell line 

were increased 3- to 6-fold . 


3638 BERLIN J ., WITTE L. 

Effects of glyphoute on ahikimic 

acid accumulation in tobacco cell cultures 

with low and high yields of 

clnemoyl putrescines. 

Z. Nmurforsch., Sect. 2, 1981, 363/4, 

p . 210-4 . 

In the presence of glyphosate the levels of 

free shikimic acid were increased more 

than 300-fold by both cell lines . Despite 

of a normally 10-fold higher level of cinna . 

movl putrescines . the high yielding cell line 

accumulated only 25 °o more free shikimic 

acid than the low yielding cell line . This 

result together with earlier observations 

indicated that the increased formation of 



83 

et feuille apres sechage. Les tchantillons verts 

ou mtirs ont ttt lyophilises immediatement 

apres prtlevement. Apres extraction au 

KOH-methanol. les tchantillons ont tee analyses 

par GC sur colonise capillaire de verve 

Superox4, a l'aide d'un dttecteur sptcifique 

a I'azote. Tous les tabacs ont presente Its 

mimes teneurs en alcaloides totaux aux 

mimes stades d'echantillonnage . Chet TI . 

1112, Is plus grande panic de Is conversion 

intervient apres l'tcimage . 

3637 BERLIN J. 

(En anglais) Forenatlon de putresclne 

at de cinnamoyl putrescines dons It, 

cultures celluWres de tabac. 

Phytochemistry, 1981, 20-1, p . 53-5 . 

On a utilise tine lignite cellulaire de Nico. 

tiana tabacum resistante a Is p-fluorophenylalanine 

(PFP) et des cellules de type 

sauvage, les premieres accumulant de grandes 

quantites, les secondes de faibles quantites 

de cinnamoyl putrescines . L'arginine 

et I'ornithine marquees sont aussi bien 

incorporees dons Its principaux conjugats 

de caffeoyl et ftruloyl putrescine. Les essais 

de piegeage montrent que les deux 

acides amines sont decarboxylts pour la 

biosynthese de Is putrescine. Presque toute 

Is radioactivitE extractible a l'alcool des 

acides amines marques apparait sous forme 

de cinnamoyl putrescines chez Is lignite 

cellulaire resistante a Is PFP . tandis que 

les cellules de type sauvage retiennent 

Line importante radioactivite au niveau de 

lours acides amines. Les activities emyma . 

tiques des arginine et ornithine decarboxylases 

chez Is lignite resistante sont accrues 

de 3 a 6 fois . 

Extr. resume d'auteur . 

3638 BERLIN J ., WITTE L . 

(En anglais) Influence du glyphosate 

sur l'accumulatlon de l acide shiklm4 

qua dare Its cultures celluaires de 

tabac a rendement foible no clove an 

cinnamoyl putrescines . 

Z. Narurjorsch., Sect. 2 . 1981 . 36-3/4 . 

p . 210-4. 

En presence de glvphosate, les taux d'acide 

shikimique augmentent de plus de 300 fois 

dans les deux lignites cellulaires . En depit 

Tun faux de cinnamovl putrescines nor 

malement de 10 fois supeneur, la banecellulaire 

a haut rendemeni n'accumule q't= 

25 ° o d'acide shikimique libre de plu : 

la lienee a faible rendement. Cc resu':- : 

et des observations anterieures i : :d~gce :' t 

2347712

cinnamoyl putrescines was rather limited 

by the activity of tphenvlalanine ammonia 

lyase than by increased substrate supply 

caused by alterations in the shikimate pathkav 

. 


3639 BERLIN I . . FORCHE E . 

DL-cdlfluoromethyl ornlthlne causes 

enlargement of cultured tobacco cells . 

Z. Pflanzenp/tysioi ., l91ll, 101 .3. p . 277 . 

82 . 

Remarkable increases in fresh and drv 

weight during the first days of a growth 

cycle were observed when the tobacco cell 

line TXI (Nicotiana tabacum cv . Xanthi) 

was grown in the presence of 0 .1 to 0.5 mM 

DL-a-difluorometh yl ornithine (DFMeOm) . 

Depending upon the concentration DFMeOrn 

inhibited cell division . but caused unusually 

great cell enlargement . In the presence 

of DFMeOrn cells turned white due to the 

loss of carotenoids. The biosynthesis of 

cinnamovl putrescines was not reduced 

by the ornithine decarboxvlase (ODC) inhibitor 

DFMeOrn, although ODC activity 

was not detected in DFMeOrn treated cells . 


3640 BLASCHEK W . . HAAss D ., KOEHLER H . & 

al . 

Cell wall regeneration by Nicotiana 

tabacum protoplasta : Chemical and 

biochemical aspects. 

Plant Sci. Lett„ 1981, 22 .1, p. 47 .57 . 

Composition of cell wall polysaccharides 

and extracellular polysaccharides regenerat . 

ed by enzymatically isolated protoplasts 

was investigated by gas-liquid chromatography 

and compared with the components 

derived from intact cells . Cell walls from 

regenerating protoplasts contained only 5 °o 

cellulose. whereas cell walls of leaves and 

cultured tissue contained 60 4 and 45 % 

cellulose, respectively . Galactose. arabinose 

and uronic acids were the main constituents 

in the extracellular polysaccharides of re . 

generating protoplasts and in suspension 

cultured cells . indicating secretion of pectic 

material into the culture medium . Simultaneous 

feeding of (U"-C) glucose and un . 

labelled myo-inositol reduced incorporation 


BJOCHJM1E-BIOIAGI E 

que Is formation accrue de cinnamovl putrescines 

est plutbt limitee par I'activite 

de la phenvlalanine ammonia lyase qu'elle 

ne test par Is disponibilite accrue de substrat. 

provoquee par des alterations clans 

Is voie shikimate . 

Extr. resume d'autturs . 

3639 BERLIN I ., FoacHE E . 

(En anglais) La DLadlfuoromtthyl 

ornithine provoque I'acerolasement des 

cultures cellulaires de tabac . 

Z. Pflanzenphysiof., 1981, 1013. p. 277 . 

82 . 

On observe un remarquable accroissement 

des poids frais et sec au tours des pre . 

miers jours de croissance de la lignee cellulaire 

de tabac TXI (Nicotiana tabacum 

cv. Xanthi), cultivee en presence de 0 .]- 

0,5 mM de DL-a-difluoromethyl ornithine 

(DFMeOrn) . Solon sa concentration, cette 

substance peut inhiber It division cellulaire . 

mais elle provoque une augmentation de 

taille particulierement importante des ceb 

Jules. En presence de DFMeOrn . les cellules 

deviennent blanches, par perte de leurs 

carotenoides. La biosynthese des cinnamoyl 

putrescines nest pas reduite par la 

DFMeOrn, inhibiteur de l'ornithine decar . 

boxylase, bien que I'activite enzvmatique 

de cette derniere ne soit pas detectee clans 

les cellules traitees . 


1 3640 BLASCHEK W ., HAASS D ., KOEHLER H . & 

al . 

(En anglais) Regeneration de ]a patrol 

cellulaire chez lee protoplastes de N1.cotlana 

tabacum . Aspects chlmiques 

et blochtmlques . 

Plant Sci . Lett ., 1981 . 22.1, p. 4757 . 

On a examine, par chromatographie gazliquide, 

la composition des polysaccharides 

de la paroi cellulaire et des polysaccharides 

extracellulaires, regeneres par des protoplastes 

isoles par vole enzvmatique ; leur 

I composition a etc comparee a celle des 

polysaccharides de cellules intactes. Les 

parois cellulaires des protoplastes en cours 

de regeneration ne contiennent que 5 to 

de cellulose . tandis que les patois de cellules 

de feuilles et de tissus en culture 

en contiennent respectivement 60 et 45 00 . 

Le galactose. I'arabmose et les acides uromques 

soot les principaux constituants des 

polysaccharides extracellulaires des proto 

plastes en cours de regeneration et des 

cellules cultivees en suspension, cc qui

of radioactivity into uronic acids and pentoses. 

Hence, the mv(>ioositol pathway is 

operative in cell wall regenerating tobacco 

prof op lasts . 


3641 CooKE R ., MEYER Y . 

Hormonal control . of tobacco protoplast 

nucleic acid metabolism during 

In vitro -culture . 

Plana, 1981 . 152.1 . p. 1-7 . 

Tobacco mesophyll protoplasts cultivated 

in rtiro do not synthesize a measurable 

quantity of ch!oroplastic ribosomal RNA, 

but actively synthesize cvtoplasmic ribosomal 

RNA, polvadenvlated RNA . and proteins . 

These syntheses are essentially independent 

of the presence of hormones in the culture 

medium and are thus related to the ageing 

phenomenon induced by isolation from the 

plant and in vitro culture . At all stages of 

culture and in all culture media, protoplasts 

incorporate low levels of thvmidine 

into their DNA. However, the incorporation 

of considerable quantities of thvmidine, indicative 

of the 5 phase. only takes place 

after 2530 hr and requires the presence 

of auxin and cvtokinin . 


3642 DAwsoN W.O . . GRANTHAM G .L . 

Inhibition of stable RNA synthesis 

and production of a novel RNA in 

heat-stressed plants . 

Biochem. biophvs . Res. Commun .. 1981 . 

100.1, p . 23-30 . 

In tobacco and cowpea leaves incubated at 

eevated temperatures. incorporation of "P 

or H-uridine into cvtoplasmic rRNA and 

55 RNA was inhibited while that into tRNA 

continued and additionally a novel RNA 

species of approximately 049 x 10' daltons 

was produced. This RNA was single stranded 

with a base ratio of 33/29/23/14 (A/U: 

C,l1 and appears not to possess a poh' 

'At sequence. It hybridized to total plant 

DNA with kinetics suggesting a unique se 

quence origin and synthesis was suppressed 

bs actinoms cm D . Hybridization was competed 

by RNA from plants maintained only 



85 

indique une secretion de substance pecti . 

que dans le milieu . L'apport simultane de 

glucose-U"-C et de myo-inositol non marque 

reduit l'incorporation de Is radioactivite 

dans les acides uroniques et les pen . 

toses. La voie mvo-inositol est dons operante 

dans les protoplastes en train de 

reformer une paroi . 


3641 CooKE It, MEYER Y . 

(En anglais) Regulation bormonale du 

metabolisms de 1'acide nuclCique des 

protoplastes de tabac au tours de leur 

culture In Vitro. 

Plania, 1981, 152-1, p . 1-7 . 

Les protoplastes de mesophvlle de tabac 

cultives in vitro ne svnthetisent pas en 

quantite mesurable le RNA ribosomal chloroplastique, 

mais svnthetisent activement 

le RNA ribosomal cvtoplasmique, le RNA 

polvadenvle et les proteines . Ces syntheses 

soot, pour I'essentiel, independantes de Is 

presence d'hormones dans It milieu de 

culture et soot ainsi lives au phenomene 

de vieillissemeni provoque par 1'isolement 

de Its plante et Is culture in vitro . A tous 

les stades de culture et dans tous les milieux, 

)es protoplastes incorporent de faibles 

taux de thvmidine dans lour DNA . 

En revanche, l'incorporation de quantites 

considerables de thvmidine . revelatrice de 

Its phase S. n'intervient qu'apres 25-30 h at 

necessite Is presence d'auxine et de cytokinine 

. 


3642 DAWSON W.O . . GRANTHAM G .L . 

(En anglais) Inhibition de Ia synthese 

de RNA stable et production d'un 

nouveau RNA dans les plante . soumises 

it tin stress thermique . 

Biochern. 6iophys . Res. Commun .. 1981, 

100.1 . p. 23 .30 . 

Dans les feuilles de tabac et de pois chiche 

incubees a temperatures elevees . I'incorporation 

duridine-"P ou 'H dans le rRNA 

cvtoplasmique et dans le 5S RNA se trouve 

inhibee, tandis que cette incorporation se 

poursuit dans le tRNA et que, par surcroit. 

une nouvelle espece de RNA de 

0.49 x 10- daltons environ se trouve produlle. 

Ce RNA est monocatenaire avec un 

rapport de bases de 33 :29;23/14 IA'U/C'UI . 

et it ne semble pas avoir de sequence 

polvi Al II s'hybride au DNA total de la 

plante selon une cinetique suggerant one 

unique ongine sequentielle ; sa svnthes e 

2347714

at 25'C, suggesting that low levels of this 

RNA occur in plants at normal temperatures 

even though it is apt labeled detectably . 


3643 GALBRAITH D .W., MAucH T .J., Sutans 

B .A . 

Analysis of the Initial stages of plant 

protoplast devsiopmsIt using 33278 

Hoechst : reactivation of the cell 

cycle . 

Physic!. Plant; 1981, 514, p. 380-6 . 

A microfluorimetric procedure, employing 

the fluorescent stain 33258 Hoechst . has 

been developed for the investigation of the 

process of DNA synthesis during the initial 

stages of culture of tobacco (Nicotiana to . 

bacum cv. Xanthi) leaf protoplasts . In this 

system, the freshly-isolated protoplasts ex . 

hibited an unimodal distribution of nuclear 

DNA content characteristic of the diploid 

state. The almost immediate onset of DNA 

synthesis during culture resulted in a doubling 

of nuclear DNA levels prior to the 

first mitosis . Although the majority of the 

protoplasts subsequently entered into synchronous 

mitosis and cell division, a proportion 

of the remainder developed into 

large polvoloid cells . Upon further culture, 

the polyploid cells became subdivised into 

clusters of small diploid cells . Measurement 

of total cell Protein and cell volumes during 

culture indicated that a relationship 

existed between these parameters and the 

initiation of mitosis. 


3644 GILL It, RASHID A ., MAHESHWARI S .C . 

Dark requirement for cell regeneration 

and colony formation by mesophyll 

protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbaglnifolla 

Viv . 

Protopiastna, 1981, 106-3/4, p . 3514 . 

The protoplasts of Nicotiana plumbagini . 

folia required darkness for cell regeneration 

and colony formation . Maximal plating efficiency 

of the protoplasts could be achieved 

by keeping the cultures in dark instead 

of light or dark light sequence . Only two 

days of darkness prior to the illumination 

at 400 or 3.000 lux resulted in appreciable 


BIOCHHM!E.BIO1.OG! E 

I 

est inhibee par I'actinomycine D. Cette hv . 

bridation est concurrencee par le RNA de 

plantes maintenues a 25' seulement, cc qui 

donne a Denser que de faibles quantites 

de ce RNA se trouvent daps les planter a 

temperature normale, bien qu'il ne puisse 

ttre detects par marquage . 


3643 GALBRAITH D .W ., MAUCH T.J ., SHIELDS 

BA. 

(En anglais) Analyse des stades hdtlauz 

du developpement des protoplastes 

vegetaux en presence do prodnit 

Hoechst 33278 : reactivation du cycle 

ceBnialre . 

Physiol . Plant .. 1981, 514. p . 380-6 . 

Pour etudier Is svnthese du DNA dans les 

premiers statics de culture de protoplastes 

de feuille de Nicotiana tabacum cv . Xanthi . 

on a mis au point un procede fluorometri . 

que faisant appel au marqueur fluorescent 

Hoechst 33258 . Dans cc systems. les protoplastes 

fraichement isoles presentent une 

repartition unimodale de leur teneur en 

DNA nucleaire. caracteristique de I'etat 

diploide. Le declenchement Presque immediat 

de Is svnthese du DNA au tours de 

Is culture a pour resultat un doublement 

quantitatif du DNA nucleaire avant la pre . 

miere mitose. Bien que Is majority des 

protoplastes entrant ensuite dans le cycle 

de Is mitose synchrone et de la division 

cellulaire. une certaine proportion d'entre 

eux se developpent en grandes cellules poly . 

ploides. La culture se prolongeant . ces 

cellules se subdivisent en amas de petites 

cellules diploides. La mesure des protei . 

ties cellulaires totales et du volume cellulaire 

au tours de Is culture indique quil 

existe une relation entre ces parametres 

et le declenchement de la mitose . 

Extr. resume dauteurs. 

3644 GILL R., RASHID A . . MAHESHWARI S .C . 

(En anglais) Besobn d'obscurlte pour 

Is regeneration cellulaire et Is forma . 

Lion de colonies chez lea protoplastes 

de mesophylle de Nicotiana plumbs . 

glnlfolla . 

Protoplasrna . 1981 . 106-3/4. p. 3514 

Les protoplastes de N. pluntbagirtifolia ont 

besoin dobscurite pour la regeneration et 

la formation de colonies . L'efficaci Ie de 

culture maximale des protoplastes de celte 

espece est obienue en gardant les cul cores 

dans le noir plut61 qua la lumiere . ou 

dans une alternance d'obscurite et de lu 

miere. Deux jours seulement d'obscunt e 

I

plating efficiency higher than those of light 

from the beginning, but fiese values could 

not match the high plating efficiency in 

total darkness. - 



3645 GRANT J.E ., PANDEY K .K ., WILLIAMS E .G. 

Pollen mclel after Ionizing irradiation 

for egg transformation in Nicotiana. 

Ni. I. Sot .. 1980, 1&3. p . 33941 . 

Pollen from Nicotiana alaza and N. langsdorfhi 

was gamma irradiated at doses pre- 

'iouslx used to treat donor pollen for egg 

transformation in these species. Observation 

with a light microscope of the second pollen 

mitosis showed that irradiation caused 

chromatin fragmentation, lack of metaphase 

orientation, and failure of the generati 

a nucleus to divide . 

Authors' Summary 

3646 HASH T .T .. IRAN THANH VAN K. 

(In French) In vitro flower formation 

from diploid and haploid thin layer 

of epidermal and subepldermal cells 

of Nicotiana tabecum L and Nicotiana 

plumbaglnlfolla Vlv . 

Z. Pilanzenphysiol ., 1981 . 101-1, p . 14 . 

Thin cell layers (composed of epidermal 

and subepidermal cells) excised from floral 

branches of diploid and haploid Nicotiana 

rabacum and Nicoriana plumbaginifolia 

plants can form flowers in vitro when plac . 

ed in a basal medium of Murashige and 

Skoog . supplemented with 10" Al IAA and 

10- Al kmetin . In both species of plants, 

haploid explants exhibited larger floral numbers 

and shorter floral time than diploid 

explants. Physical conditions, like temper 

ature (24°C) and light can play a major 

role in floral enhancement. 


Authors' Summary 

87 

avant I'eclairement a 400 et 3000 lux don . 

vent lieu it une efficacite de culture appreciable. 

superieure a celle des cultures 

eclairees des le debut, mais ces valeurs ne 

peuvent se comparer a celle dune culture 

dans l'obscurite totale . 

Resume d'auteurs. 

1 3645 GRANT J,E., PANDEY K.K .. WILLIAMS E .G . 

(En anglais) Les noyaux polliniques 

apres irradiation lonlaante, pour trans 

former lea ovules chea Nicotiana. 

NZ. I. Bar ., 1980, 18-3, p . 33941 . 

On a soumis le pollen de Nicotiana alata 

et N. langsdorffii a ('irradiation gamma, a 

des doses precedemment utilisees pour le 

traitement du pollen donneur, dans le but 

de transformer les ovules de ces especes . 

L'obsenation en microscopic optique de 

Is seconde mitose pollinique montre que 

)'irradiation provoque une fragmentation 

de la chromatine, un defaut d orientation 

de Is metaphase et une incapacite du noyau 

generateur a se diviser . 


3646 HANH IT ., IRAN TRASH VAN K . 

Formation de fleurs in vitro a partlr 

dune couche mince de cellules epldermiques 

et subepldermlques . diploides 

et haploldes, de Nicotiana tabacum 

et N. plumbagiNfolla . 

Z. Pflanzenphysiol ., 1981 . 101.1, p . 1 .8 . 

De minces couches cellulaires (epidermique 

et subepidermique), excisees des rameaux 

floraux de planies diploides et ha . 

ploides de Nicoriana rabacum et V. plumbaginifoha. 

peuvent former des fleurs in 

vuro, lorsqu'on les place sur milieu basique 

de Murashige & Skoog enrichi en 

AIA (10- MI et en kinetine 110- t1) . Cher 

les deux especes vegetales . les explants haploides 

presentem plus de fleurs et ant 

une duree de floraison plus course que 

les explants diploides . Les conditions ph%siques, 

telles que la temperature (24'1 et 

la lumiere oeuvent jouer un rule essentiel 

dans le renforcement de )a floraison . 

Resume d'aueurs . 

2347716

3647 HARRIS 1 .8 ., SCHAEFER V .G. 

Some cornlat&d events in aging leaf 

tluues of tree, tomato and tobacco. 

Bot. Gaz., 1981, 142.1, p. 054 . 

Ultrastructural studies of chloroplasts, coupled 

with both chemical and cvtophotometric 

analyses of leaf tissues of Nicotiana 

and Cvphomandra showed that chloroplast 

substructures, which would become quite 

conspicuous during senescence, appeared 

well in advance of nucleic acid and protein 

declines in leaf composition . Subsequent 

to these declines, :which included chlorophvll 

loss, there was' a breakdown of the 

chloroplast thylakoid systems . Specific fine 

structure changes during rapid leaf expansion 

included the appearance of plastoglobuli 

within chloroplasts. As leaves matured. 

plastoglobuli became rare and plastosomes 

became abundant . In leaves of both 

tobacco and tree tomato, nucleic acid, protein, 

and chlorophyll losses were observed 

before leaves reached their mature dimen. 

sions . 


3648 HEEMANN V ., DRUMMER U ., SPREMBERG 

G . & al . 

(In German) Effects of genotype and 

environment on the diterpenu of the 

was layer in several flue-cured tobac . 

cos . 

Beirr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, 11 .2, 

p . 107-13 . 

The composition of the wax laver of some 

flue cured tobaccos that were grown under 

the same conditions in the USA, Brazil 

and Germany was examined by means of 

GC and CC/MS . The total amount of wax 

laver (referring to fresh weight) is significantly 

influenced neither by the genotype, 

nor by environmental factors . The content 

of diterpenes. on the other hand . is controlled 

both genetically and by environmental 

factors, as it was possible to show taking 

a- and 34 .8,13-duvatrien-1 .3diol and 4,8 .13duvatrien 

.l-ol. The concentration of compounds 

such as norsolandion and nicotine 

appears to be affected to a great extent 

or exclusively by environmental factors . 



BIOCHIMIE-BIOLOGIE 

88 

3647 HARRIS J .B ., SCHAEFER V .G . 

(En anglais) Phenotnlna correles dens 

lea tissus follalrn de Cyphomandn at 

Nicotiana Ion de leer vlefllssement . 

Bot. Gaz, 1981, 142.1, p . 43-54 . 

L'etude de I'ultrastructure des chloroplastes, 

couplee a l'analyse chimique or cytophotometrique 

des tissus foliaires de Cyphomandra 

et Nicotiana, indique que les substructures 

chloroplastiques, Cut devienneni 

,out a fait visibles lors de Is senescence, 

apparaissent bien avant que l'acide nucleique 

et les'proteines ne declinent dans la composition 

foliaire. Consecutif a cc declin, qui 

comporte me perte de chlorophvlle, it v a 

une decomposition des thvlakoides chloroplastiques, 

Les modifications specifiques de 

la structure fine au cours de 1'expansion 

foliaire rapide component ('apparition de 

plastoglobules it l'interieur des chloroplar 

tes. A mesure que les feuilles murissent, 

les plastoglobules se font rares et Its plan 

tosomes deviennent abondants . Dens les 

leuilles de Cyphomandra et Nicoriana, des 

pertes an acide nucleique, proteines et chlorophvlle 

sont observees avant que les feuilles 

n'atteignent leurs pleines dimensions . 


3648 HEEMANN V ., DRUMMER U ., SPREMBERG 

G. & al. 

(En allemand) Influence du genotype 

at de I'envlromement sur lea dlterpenes 

de Is couche de cire cbu plusteun 

tabs" fluecx red . 

Beftr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, 112, 

p . 107-13 . 

La composition de Is couche de cire de 

quelques tabacs fluecured cultives 

aux Etats-Unis, au Bresil et en Allemagne . 

Bans les mimes conditions . a etC analvsee 

au moyen de Is chromatographic en phase 

gazeuse ci de la chromatographic en pha . 

se gazeuse/spectrometrie en masse . La quantite 

totale de Is couche de are (par rap . 

port au poids du tabac frail) n'est influen . 

cee de maniere significative ni par Its facteurs 

de I'environnement. ni par It genot 

pe. Par contre, la teneur en diterpenes 

est commandee a la foes genetiquement et 

par les facteurs de l environnement, ainsi 

Cull apparait par exemple . pour Its a . et 

94 .8 .13-duvatriene-1 .3-diol et le 4,8 .13-duva . 

triencl-ol. La concentration de composes 

eels que la nicotine et la norsolandione semble 

fortement. voire exclusivemeni, influences 

par les conditions de I'environnement . 

Resume anglais dauternrs . 

2347717 I .

3649 Hw'ANG KJ ., Kim (.W., Kim C .H . 

(In Korean) Studies on the change 

of chemical components of flue.cured 

tobacco with maturity . 

J. Korean Soc. Tob, Sci ., 1981 . 3- 1 

p. 20A . 

Contents of total nitrogen, ammonia nitro 

gen, total alkaloids, nicotine, total volatile 

base. petroleum-ether extract, crude fiber, 

crude ash, water-soluble ash, and chlorine 

decreased significantly, and those of total 

sugar. reducing sugar, and starch increased 

as leaf maturity progr ;sled until the stage 

of ripeness ; but atterxeards . a reverse tendency 

appeared. There was a significant 

relationship between maturity degree and 

contents in components such as total nitro 

gen. protein nitrogen . ammonia nitrogen, 

iota] volatile base, and their correlation 

coefficients were - 0.743, - 0 .789. - 0 .797, 

and - 0 .642 . respectively . 


3650 JONES S .L., SMITH I .K . 

Sulfate transport In culture tobacco 

effects of calcium and sulfate concentration 

. 

Plant Physiol., 1981, 67-3, p . 4458 . 

Monophasic uptake was observed over a 

sulfate concentration range from 0 .01 to 

10 millimolar. and the K. was 20 micromolar. 

A time-dependent stimulation of 

transport was observed when cells were 

incubated in medium containing 0 .5 millimolar 

Ca' . Calcium stimulation was de 

pendent on the culture cycle and was maxi . 

mat during the early exponential phase . 

It was not observed in sulfurdeficient cells 

with high transport rates and was rela' 

lively small in sulfate-loaded cells with low 

transport rates. A kinetic analysis showed 

that Ca` increased the maximum rate of 

transport without affecting the K.. 


3651 JonoiN D .W . OGRES W .L . 

Species variation In the specificity of 

rtbulose biphosphate carboxylaseroxy' 

Senase . 

.antre, 1981 . 291, p . 513.5 . 

The balance between photosynthesis and 

photorespiration in many species. inc)ud- 



. 

89 

3649 HwANG KJ., Kum C.W., Kum C .H . 

(En torten) Etudes sat In modlflcalions 

des compossats chlmiques du 

tabac flue-aired an coon its as maturatton. 

1. Korean Soc. Tob. Sei., 1981, 3 .1, 

P, 20-0 . 

Les teneurs en N total, N ammoniacal, alcaloides 

totaux, nicotine, bases volatiles 

totales. extrait it 1'tther de pttrole . fibre 

brute, cendres brutes . cendres hydrosolubles 

et chlore diminuent significativement, 

tandis que celles en sucres totaux, sucres 

reducteurs et amidon augmentent, a me . 

sure que Is maturation foliaire evolue jus . 

qu'au stade du murissement ; mais par 

la suite. on observe une tendance inverse . 

11 existe une relation significative entre 

le degre de maturity ti Its teneurs en composants 

chimiques. tels que F total. N 

proteique, N ammoniacal, bases volatiles 

totates, dont les coefficients de correlation 

sont respectivement de - 0 .743. - 0,789 . 

- 0,797 at - 0,642 . 

Exir. resume anglais d'auteurs . 

3650 ]ONES S .L ., SMrwH I .K . 

(En anglais) Transport du sulfate dana 

Its cellules its tabac en culture : Influence 

des concentrations an calcium 

et sulfate . 

Plant Physiol ., 1981, 67.3, p . 445-8 . 

On observe une absorption monophasique 

pour un eventail de conc. en sulfate allant 

de 0,01 a 10 mM, It K. etant stars de 

20 mM. tine stimulation du transport est 

observee. en fonction de Is duree, lorsque 

Its cellules sont mises a incuber daps on 

milieu contenant 0 .5 mM de Ca- . La stimulation 

calcique depend du cycle de culture 

ei cite est maximale durant Is premiere 

phase exponentielle. On ne )'observe 

pas dans les cellules deficientes en soufre . 

it regime de transport elevt . et cite est 

relativement faible dans Its cellules char 

gees en sulfate . avec de faibles regimes 

de transport. L'analyse cinetique montre que 

It Ca" augmente le transport maximum 

sans affecter It K. . 


3651 JORDAN D .E ., OGRES W .L . 

(En anglais) Variations, dune espece 

vtgetale it !'autre. de Is speclficite de 

Is ribulost blphosphate carboxylase 

oxygtnase. 

Nature, 1981 . 291, p . 513-5 . 

L'equilibre entre photosanthese et photorespiration 

chez de nombreuses especes, Y 

2347718

ina most crop plants.1is determined by the 

kinetic properties of nbulose .ISbiphosphate 

f RuBPI carboxvlase/oaygenase . Photosynthe 

sis is initiated by the carboxylase activity, 

while the oxvgenase activity catalyses the 

first reaction in the photorespiratorv pathway. 

In these reactions CO: and 0: are 

competitive substrates. Because 0, inhibits 

carboxvlation and photorespiration oxidizes 

reduced carbon to CO. with no known 

benefit to the plant, it has been suggested 

that photosynthetic efficiency and thus productivity 

might be increased by chemical 

or genetic alterations of the enzyme which 

increase carboxvlation and decrease oxv . 

aeration. On the her hand; it has been 

argued tfiat RuBf carboxvlase/oxvgenase 

cannot completely discriminate between 

CO, and O,, so that photorespiration is 

unavoidable. From analyses of RuBP car. 

boxylaseioxygenase enzymes purified from 

several species (among which Nicoriana 

tabacum) large differences are reported here 

in specificity towards the substrates CO2 

and 0,. Evolutionary pressures seem to 

have directed the enzyme towards more efficient 

utilization of CO, . 

3652 KRAUS J .E .. HANDRO W ., DIETRICH 

S .M .C . 

Growth. peroxidase activity, and protein 

content In stem pith and callus 

tissues from haploid and diploid NI. 

cotlana tabacum plants. 

Physiol. Plant .. 1981 . 51-2. p . 157-62 . 

Pith segments isolated from haploid and 

diploid Nicotiiana rabacum cv . IAC-70 plants 

from five different heights in the stem . 

were cultured in vuro on MS-62 medium 

supplied with 0.5 mg/I IAA and 0 .02 mg/I 

kinetin. Pith tissues of haploid plants show . 

ed greater growth potential than those of 

diploids : peroxidase activity was higher 

in the calluses of diploid tissues. whereas 

protein content was higher in those of 

haoloids. After three subcultures the growth 

pattern was imversed. as were the results 

for peroxidase activity and protein content . 

After the onset of culture, peroxidase ac . 

❑a¢c in haploids explants dropped sharply . 

reaching values lower than in diploid tissues 

40 days later ; but after three sub . 

cultures these values were higher than 

those for diploid calluses . The results are 

discussed from the viewpoint of a possible 

relationship between greater poivpioidization 

in haploid tissues on the one hand, and 


BIOCH I MIE-BIOLOGI E 

compris Is plupan des plantes de culture . 

est determine par les propnetes cinetiques 

de la ribulose-1,5-biphosphate (RuBP) carboxviase/oxygenase. 

La photosvnthese est 

declenchee par factivite carboxylasique . Landis 

que l'activite oxugenase catalyse les 

premieres reactions de Is vote photorespiratoire. 

Au cours de ces reactions, le CO : 

et 1'O, sont Its substrats en competition . 

L'O, inhibant Is carboxylation et IS photorespiration 

oxydant le Carbone reduit en 

CO, sans benefice apparent pour la plante, 

on a pense que I'efficacite photosynthetique 

et par It Is productivity vegetale pouvaient 

dire accrues par des modifications 

chimiques ou genetiques de I'enzyme qui 

augmente is carboxvlation ou diminue l'oxv- 

Itenation . En revanche, it a did dii que la 

RuBP carboxvlase/oxvgenase ne peut faire 

totalement Is discrimination entre CO, et 

0,. de sone que Is photorespiration est 

inevitable. D'apres des analyses faites sur 

cc type d'enzvme pdrifiee a partir de plusieurs 

especes differentes (dont Nicorana 

tabacmn) . on signale ici l'existence de gram 

des differences entre ces enzymes quart a 

]cur specificite vis-a-vis de M et de O : . 

Les pressions evolutives semblent avoir dirige 

I'enzvme vers une utilisation plus efficace 

du CO, . 

3652 KRACS J .E., HANDRO W .. DIETRICH 

S .M .C . 

(En anglais) Croissance, actlvlte peroxydasique 

at teneur an proteines des 

talus de motile de time et de cal de 

plantes haploldes at diploides de NIcottana 

tabacum . 

Physiol. Plant . . 1981 . 51-2, p . 157-62 . 

Des segments de moelle isolds de plantes 

haploides et diploides de N. rabacum cv . 

IAC-70. a partir de cinq hauteurs de tige 

differentes, ant tied cultives in vitro sur 

milieu MS-62 aliments en AIA (0 .5 mg/I) 

et en kinetine f0.02 mg/I). Les tissus de 

moelle des plantes haploides ont montre 

un plus grand notentiel de croissance que 

les diploides : I'activite peroxydasique est 

superieure chez ces deniers . tandis que la 

teneur en proteines est plus elevee clans 

I Its Gals haplodes. Apres trots subcultures . 

le schema de croissance est inverse . de 

meme que les resultats de I'activite peroxv . 

i dasioue et do la teneur en proteines . Ayres 

la mist en route de la culture . l acnvitr 

oeroxrdasique des explants haploides chute 

fortement. iusqu'a des saleurs infenaures a 

celles des tissus diploides 40 tours plus 

Lard : mais apres trots sub-cultures, ces 

valeurs sont superieures a celles des cats 

diploides. Ces resultats sont examines d u 

90 

2347719

growth decrease and perdxidase activity in . 

crease on the other . 

Characteristics of glyphoute Inhlbition 

of growth in soybean and tobacco 

Callus culnsres . 

Weed Rift., 1980, 20-4, p . 3659 . 

Gyyphosate inhibited growth both in the 

dark and light but showed a greater toxicity 

in the dark . This was contrary to its effect 

on chlorophyll degradation which was 

accelerated by light. The inhibition of 

growth was not reversed by simultaneous 

addition of aromatic amino acids to the 

medium. The tobacco callus tissue (Nicariana 

tabacum cv. White Gold) was more 

sensitive to glvphosate than the soybean 

callus tissue. Despite the inhibitory effect 

of glvphosate, the treated tissue revived 

after being transferred to a glyphosate-free 

medium . The glyphosate-induced growth inhibition 

in soybean and tumor-forming tobacco 

callus IN . glauca x N. langsdorffif) 

cultures was also reversible by high levels 

of indole-}acetic acid (IAA), which itself 

was inhibitory. The glvphosate-IAA interaction 

in the tissues which were sensitive 

to IAA suggests that the inhibition of 

growth by glyphosate was related to auxin 

levels in these tissues . 


N'-isopropylnornicotlne : its formation 

from nicotine in aged loves of NI 

cottons rabacum . 

Plrvtochemistry, 1981, 20-5, p . 1037-40 . 

An aqueous solution of nicotine42'-"C) was 

painted on the leaves of 4-month-old tobacco 

plants (Nicoriana tabacum) which 

were harvested 3 weeks later . This tracer 

was similarly applied to excised tobacco 

leaves which were allowed to dray in air 

for 4 weeks. The alkaloids were extracted 

with the addition of N'-isopropylnornicoune, 

a compound which has been previously 

isolated from air-cured tobacco. Radioactive 

nicotine and not-nicotine were isolated from 


point de vue d'une relation possible entre 

d'une part l'accroissement de Is polyploidisation 

des tissus haploides, et d'autre 

pan la reduction de Is croissance . ainsi que 

I'accroissement de l'activite peroxydasique . 

Resume d'auieurs . 

3653 LEE IT . 

(En anglais) Canctertstlques de 1'In 

hibitlon par Is glyphosate its Is crolssance 

des cultures de cals de so)a at 

de tabac . 

Weed Res ., 1980, 20-6, p . 365-9 . 

Le glyphosate inhibe Is croissance des cultures 

a la fois dans l'obscurite et a Ia 

lumiere, mais it est plus toxique dans le 

premier cas. Ceci est a Ioppose de son 

action sur la degradation chlorophyllienne, 

laquelle est acceleree par is lumiere . L'im 

hibition de Is croissance n'est pas inversee 

par I'addition simultanee d'acides amines 

aromatiques au milieu. Le tissu de cal de 

tabac (Nicoriana rabacum cv . White Gold) 

est plus sensible au glyphosate que le tissu 

de cal de sola . En depit de ('action inhibitrice 

du glyphosate, le tissu traite revit 

acres transfert dans un milieu sans glphosate. 

L'inhibition de croissance quìl 

provoque chez le sofa of les cats de tabac 

tumoraux IN. glauca x N . langsdorfflit est 

egalement irreversible. on utilisant de fortes 

doses d'AIA, lequel est lui-mime un 

inhibiteur. L'interaction entre ces deux 

substances dans les tissus sensibles a IAIA 

donne a penser que ('inhibition de croislance 

due au glvphosate est lice aux taux 

d'auxine dans ces tissus . 

Extr. resume d'auteur . 

(En anglais) La nonicotlne N'-Isopropytique 

: is formation h partir its la 

nicotine dons lea (sullies agees de 

Nlcotlana tabacum , 

Phytochemisiry, 1981, 20-5, p . 1037-40 . 

Une solution aqueuse de nicotine .t2-"CI a 

etc appliquee au pinceau sur les feuilles de 

plantes de tabac de quatre mois, dont )a 

recol to a ete faire 3 semaines plus tard . 

Ce mime traceur a ete applique a de, 

feuilles excisees de tabac . miles a sechea 

fair pendant 4 semaines . Les alcaloides 

ont ere extraits avec addition de nornicotine 

N'.isopropvlique, un compose precedemment 

isole du tabac seche a lair. La nicotine 

et la normcutine radioactices ont ete iso

the intact plants wfCf only minute activity 

in the N-isopropvlnornicotine. All three of 

these alkaloids were radioactive from the 

air-cured leaves and degradation of the 

labelled N'-isopropylnomicotine indicated 

that all the activity was located at the C-2' 

position . A higher level of activity was 

found in N'-isopropvlnornicotine which was 

obtained from excised leaves which were 

fed the nicotine-(2-"C) in aqueous acetone, 

and were treated on subsequent days with 

aqueous acetone . These results are consistent 

with the hypothesis that N'-isopropylnornicotine 

is produced in the curing of 

tobacco leaves by. reaction . of nornicotine 

(formed by the demethvlation of nicotine) 

with acetoacetate . followed by decarboxylation 

and reduction . The "C-NMR chemical 

shifts of the methyl' groups of N'-isopropyl . 

nomicotine and related 1-isopropvlpyrrolidines. 

which have chirality at the a-position of 

the pvrrolidine ring, are significantly dif . 

ferent (up to 7 .5 ppm) . 

3655 SEVERSON R .F ., CHORTYK O .T., SNoox 

M .E . & at . 

Comparison of the development of 

major leaf components in normal and 

a budworm resistant tobacco . 

Tob . Chem. Res. Cont., 1981, 35, p . 6, 

abstr . 

Recent studies indicate that the observed 

resistance of Tobacco Introduction TI-1112 

may be due to oviposition non preference . 

However, the young budworm also fails 

to feed on the young leaf of TI-1112. It 

was of interest to determine if whole leaf 

chemistry may be responsible for this lack 

of feeding stimulus . TI-1112 and two nonresistant 

varieties, NC-2326 and Speight C- 

28, were sampled at various stages of development 

from bud leaf through curing . 

Samples were freeze-dried, where required, 

in order to stop further enzymatic changes . 

Aliquots of around samples were mixed 

with BSTFA'DMF in a small reacti-vials 

and analyzed, after the authors' onestep 

ultrasonic extraction-derivatization procedure, 

by gas chromatography on a short 

Packed Dexsil 300 GC column . In this 

initial report are presented the changes in 

malic . quinic . and citric acids, changes in 

the free sugars (fructose, glucose . and su 

arose'. solanesol . and the polvphenols in 

the growth of a mid-stalk position leaf . 

Individual leaf polcphenols were also de- 


lees des plantes entieres avec seulement 

une infime activite de Is nornicotine N'isopropylique. 

Ces trois alcaloides ont ate 

radioactifs a partir des feuilles sechees a 

Fair, at la degradation de Is nomcotinc 

N'-isopropvlique marquee indique que toute 

l'activite se situe an position C-2'. Un 

niveau plus Cava d'activite est obsenc 

dans Is nornicotine N'-isopropylique, obtenue 

de feuilles excisees auxquelles on a 

administre de la nicotine-(2-"C) dans Pacetone 

aqueux, at qui sont traitees ]as jours 

suivants is )'acetone aqueux . Ces resultats 

sont an on accord avec I'hvpothese selon 

laque!le Is nornicotine N'-isopropylique est 

produite lors du sechage des feuilles de 

tabac oar reaction de la nornicotine Iformee 

par demethylation de Is nicotine) avec 

I'aceto-acetate, suivie d'une decarboxylation 

at dune reduction. Les modifications chimiques 

an NMR-"C des groupements me . 

thvls de la nornicotine N'-isopropylique 

at des pvrrolidines 1-isopropyliques apparentees. 

qui possedent la chiralite an position 

alpha du novau pvrrolidine . sont si 

gnificativement differentes (jusqu'a 7 .5 ppm) . 

Resume d'aureur . 

3655 SEVERSON R.F ., CHORTYK O .T ., SNOOK 

M .E. & al . 

(En anglais) Comparalson du develop 

pemenl des prtncipaux components 

de Is feuille chez tin tabac normal at 

tin tabac resistant a Hellothis virescens 

. 

Tob. Chem. Res. Con/., 1981, 35, p . 6 . 

abstr . 

De recentes etudes indiquent qua la resistance 

observee de TI-1112 pourrait titre 

due a une non preference pour 1'oviposition. 

Cependant . Ie jeune suiet de H . virescans 

ne reussit pas non plus a se nourrir 

des jeunes feuilles de la tar . resistance . II 

etait donc interessant de determiner si 

la chimie d'ensemble de la feuille pouvait 

titre responsable de cc manque d'appetence. 

TI-1112 at deux var. non resistantes . 

NC2326 at Speight G-28 ont etc echantillonnees 

a divers stades de developpemem, de 

la feuille an bourgeon jusquau sechage in 

clus. Les echantillons ont etc Ivophilises . si 

necessaire, pour bloquer les modifications 

enzymatiques ulteneures. Des parties ahouotes 

d'echantillons bro' es ont etc melanges 

a du BSTFA'DMF dans de penes 

eprouvetles de reaction at apres ettractionderivatisation 

par ultra-sons. selon la meihode 

en une etape des auteurs. analysers 

par GC sur une petite colonne Dexsil 300 

Dans cc premier rapport . on presence les 

modifications se oroduisant au cours de la 

croissance d'une feuille de position mediane

V. 

termined by HPLC . The possible relationship 

of leaf chemical cpnges to insect resistance 

is discussed . 

3656 TYANKOvA L . 

Content of proline . free amino acids, 

total and protein nitrogen, and sugars 

as a function of the time and degree 

of drying of detached tobacco leaves . 

Sov. Plant Physiol ., 1980, 271, p . 610-6 . 

Detached leaves of tobacco (Ntcotiana ta . 

bacun,) were kept for 72 hr in dry (experiment) 

or moist (control) petri dishes. 

The weight of the leaves was determined 

periodically, as was the content of free 

amino acids. total and protein nitrogen, 

and carbohydrates . The test leaves lost 

40 "o of their original weight, including 

about 20 Oo during the first 9 hours of 

drying. No changes of protein nitrogen 

content were detected until the 56th hour 

of drying. After 6 hours, the test leaves 

surpassed the control leaves with respect 

to content of free amino acids, and this 

difference grew in proportion to increase 

of dehydration. The content of glutamic 

acid, serine + glvcine, and alanine remain. 

ed virtually unchanged. The content of 

leucine, phenvlalanine, valine, aspartic acid, 

and (especially) proline gradually rose with 

increase of dehydration. proline content at 

the end of the experiment attaining 50 % 

of the total content of free amino acids in 

dried leaves. The content of y-aminobutyric 

acid and threonine increased significantly 

at the beginning of drying . Changes of sucrose 

content were analogous to the dynamics 

of proline, paminobutyric acid . and 

threonine . The author discusses a possible 

mechanism governing the action of separate 

amino acids on cell membranes sensitive 

to dehydration . 


3657 WHITFIELD D .M . 

Simulated response of tobacco crops 

to irradiance and defoliation. 

Oust J. Plant Phvsiol .. 1980 . 71 . It . 487 . 

500 . 

Comparison of daily trends in net rate of 

CO: exchange and its change with upward 



i en ce qui concerne Its acides malique, 

quinique et cithque, ainsi que Its sucres 

libres (fructose, glucose et saccharose), It 

solanesol at Its polyphenols. Les polyphenols 

individuels ont egalement ete determines 

par HPLC . On evoque Is relation 

possible entre ces changements chimiques 

et Is resistance du tabac a H . virescens. 

93 

3656 TYANKOVA L . 

(En anglais) Teneur on proline . acides 

amines libres, azote total et protel . 

que, at sucres, on fonction de Is du. 

roe at du dolled de aechage de fossil. 

]as detachies de tabac . 

Sov. Plant Physiol ., 1980. 271, p . 610-6 . 

Des feuilles detachees de Nicotiana tabacum 

ont ete conservees pendant 72 It en boites 

de Petri seches (conditions de l'essai) ou 

humides (temoin) . Le poids des feuilles a 

ete determine periodiquement, de mime 

que Ia teneur en acides amines libres, en 

N total et proteique et en hydrates de 

Carbone. Les feuilles d'essai ont perdu 40 % 

de lour poids initial . dont environ 20 % 

durant les 9 premieres heures du sechage . 

On We pas note de changement quart a Is 

teneur en N proteique jusqu'a Is 56e heure 

du sechage. Apres 6 heures. Its feuilles 

d'essai surpassent It temoin en ce qui 

concerne Is teneur en acides amines Iibres 

et cette difference croit avec It do 

gre de deshydratation . La teneur en actde 

glutamique, serine + glvcine et alanine 

denature pratiquement inchangee. La teneur 

en leucine, phenvlalanine, valine, aside 

aspartique, ei particulierement proline 

augmente graduellement avec Is deshydratation, 

Is teneur on proline atteignant. on 

fin d'experience. 50 % du total des acides 

amines fibres des feuilles sechees . La to 

neur en acide y-aminobutyrique et threonine 

augmente sensiblement au debut du 

sechage. Les modifications de la teneur en 

saccharose sons analogues a ceux de la 

proline, de I'acide y-aminobuty'rique et de 

la theonine. On evoque un mecanisme possible 

commandant Faction des acides amines 

separes sur Its membranes cellulaires 

sensibles a la desh_dratation . 


3657 WHITFIELD D .M . 

(En anglais) Reaction slmulee des cultures 

de tabac Is l'Irradlatlon lumineuse 

at a Is defoliation . 

Oust. J. Plant Phvstol. . 1980. 71, p . 487- 

500 . 

La comparaison des tendances journalieres 

en ce qui concerne les faux nets d'echan- 

2347722

i 

defoliation showed that rates were largely 

dependent on the interaction of solar posnion 

and input with features of the an 

chitecture of the crop. These included plant 

extent and the distribution of sunlit leaf 

area with respect to the leaf-beam angle . 

The model satisfactorily simulated net rate 

of CO: exchange of a range of different 

intensities of downward defoliation . However. 

comparisons of estimated and observed 

responses indicated differences in the 

structure and/or photosynthetic character. 

istics of a medium intensity of defoliation 

as compared with a non-defoliated control 

or a crop which experienced the most 

severe defoliation. . 


3658 WHITFIELD D .M ., CONNDR DJ., SALE 

P .J .M . 

Carbon dioxide exchange in response 

to change of environment and to 

defoliation in a tobacco crop . 

Aust . 1. Plant Physiol ., 1980, 7-0, p . 473. 

85 . 

Rates of carbon dioxide exchange of fieldgrown 

tobacco crops at early flowering 

and maturity were measured using a pair 

of large closed-system field chambers . Photosynthetic 

responses to irradiance and 

temperature were investigated on both occasions. 

Rate of dark respiration and its 

response to temperature were measured dur 

ing the night. Defoliation treatment were 

employed to disrupt the correlation be . 

tween leaf age and light environment in 

the canopy. In these experiments, the shortterm 

photosynthetic response to irradiance 

was determined for crops that were progressively 

defoliated upwards or downwards . 

Longterm effects of varying intensities of 

downward defoliation were also investigat . 

ed. Maximum photosynthetic rates of 3 .7 g 

CO:/m-'/h-' were achieved at early flower 

ma. These had fallen to 1 .9 it CO,/m-'/h-' 

at maturity. Maximum rates occurred at 

an irradiance of approximately 700 W m-' . 

Short-term shifts in temperature in the 

ranee 10-32'C had little effect during the 

day, but dark respiration was strongly dependent 

on temperature . Defoliation experiments 

demonstrated that lower leaves retained 

a significant potential for photosnthesis, 

but their contribution to the 

total exchange of CO of mature crops 

was only small . This was attributed in 

part to the poorer light regime in the lower 


BIOCH1MIE-BIOLOGI E 

94 

ge de CO, at leurs modifications en fond 

tion d'une defoliation ascendante indiquent 

que ces echanges sont largement dependants 

de ]'interaction de la position solaire 

et de son rayonnement suet les caractenstiques 

architecturales de la plantation. 

Ces caracteristiques comprennent 

]'extension vegetale et la repartition de la 

surface foliaire ensoleillee par rapport a 

Tangle feuille-rayon. Le module propose ici 

simule de facon satisfaisante les taux nets 

d'echange de CO, pour toute une serie de 

defoliations descendantes . Cependant. la 

comparaison des valeurs estimees et des 

valeurs observees montre des differences 

de la structure et/ou des caracteristiques 

de la photosvnthese pour une defoliation 

d'intensite moyenne, par rapport a un te. 

main non defolie out it uric culture severe. 

intent difolide . 

Extr. resume d'auieur . 

3658 WHITFIELD D .M., CDNNOR DJ ., SALE 

P .J .M. 

(En anglais) L'echange de Sax carbm 

nique an reponae aux modifications de 

l'envtromement at a In defoliation 

dane me culture de tabac . 

Aust. J. Plant Physiof ., 1980, 7

T 

canopy. Results are discussed in the contest 

of the development 0 yield and quality 

to flue-cured tobacco . 


3659 %iLkl .NSO% RE . . KASPERBAUER M .J ., 

l OUNG C .T . 

Free amino acid content of burley 

tobacco leaves developed under dif. 

ferent fight and temperature con . 

ditlons .- 

1 . Agric . Food Chem ., 1981, 29-3, p . 658. 

60 . 

Free amino acid contents of burley tobacco 

U tcol:ane zabacum) leaves differed among 

genetically uniform plants that were grown 

under different temperature and light en 

l :ronments. The amino acids were listed 

m metabolically related groups . Those de . 

reed from oxalacetate, a-ketoglutarate . and 

D3-phosphogiycerate accumulated in higher 

concentrations in leaves that developed 

under short, relative to long, photoperiods . 

There was a photopenod by temperature 

interaction. When end-of-day red or farred 

:o!loned 8- or 16 .hrs photosynthetic periods, 

the highest concentrations of free amino 

acid ; accumulated in leaves of plants that 

rece:ted red light at the end of daily 8-hr 

photosynthetic periods . Far-red light folws 

.:na 8-hr photosynthetic periods resulted 

in lower free amino acid concentrations . 

The responses to brief irradiations with 

rec or far-red light are interpreted to in- 

Dlcate that the phvtochrome system was 

ins ofyed in these differences . 

Front Authors' Summary . 

3000 XIA,NGHlt L ., SCHIEDER 0 . 

Utilization in Vitro of Dlactose by 

8653 rumor cells of tobacco . 

Puny Sc: Len., 1981. 21-3, p 209-14 . 

D'iactose can be used by a majority of 

a,- ;era rn culture but cannot be uuLzed 

ct must Plant cells and uasues u : taro. D 

a 

:wse cuwd be substnuted for sucrose in 

Liosmairr and Skoog agar medium and was 

uunc Ic promote :he growth of tobacco 

tumor ;Issue tndu :ed jA 4rrabac :er : :lil: Il l 

.n . n strain BcS- The growth of this 

.ema' usau< as st ;muia;ed bt a factor of 

after i] cars of culture Ho\, e'C'r, tumo r 

on tobacco bt strain C58 of 

:^4b_::e ¢di , .iii Cd:rP:S as bet! as the 



I 

o= 

des recoltes mutes est faible . Ceci est attri 

bue en partie au mediocre eclairement regnant 

dans It has du couven vegetal . Les 

resultats obtenus sort evoques dans It 

contexte dune amelioration du rendemeni 

et de la qualite du tabac flue-cured . 

Resume dauteurs . 

1 3659 WILKINSON R .E ., KASPERBAUER M .J . , 

YOUNG C .T . 

(En anglais) Teneur en acides amines 

des families de tabac burley qui se 

sont developpees dons differentes con . 

ditions d'eclalrage et de temperature . 

I. Agric. Food Chem ., 1981 . 293, p . 638- 

60 . 

La terror en acides amines des feuilles de 

burley de plantes genetiquement uniformes 

differe scion la temperature ei I'eclaire 

ment. Les acides amines ont etc classes en 

groupes a metabolisme voisin . Ceux derives 

de I'oxalacetate . de I'acetoglutaraie et du 

D3-phosphoglvicerate saccumulent en plus 

grande quantize dans les feuilles qui se 

developpent en pbotopenodisme court que 

clans les feuilles Or photoperiodisme lone . 

II y a one interaction photoperiode x temperature. 

Lorsque le ravonnement rouge ou 

rouge-lomtain de fin de journee suit des 

periodes de photosynthese de &16 h, les 

plus fortes conc . dacides amines se trouvent 

clans les fewlles recevant le rayon . 

nement rouge apres 6 h de photosynthese . 

Le rouge-lomtain. apres la theme pericide 

se tradwt par one moindre conc . en addes 

amines. La reaction a de courtes it 

radiations Or lumicre rouge ou rouge-loin 

tarn donne a penser que le systeme phytochrome 

est imphque iii . 

Exzr. resume d'aureurs . 

3660 XIANGHCi L . . SCHIEDER 0 . 

(En anglais) UtWsation In vitro du a 

lactose par les cellules tumorales 

B6S3 de tabac. 

Plant Sn. Lett., 1981, 213, p . 209-14 . 

Le Dlactose pent ct re utilise par la majorite 

des bacteries en culture mats non par 

Is p!upart des cellules e: ttssus eze:au\ 

at to ro On a suostnue du Dlactose au 

saccharose bans un milieu d agar L :nsmaier 

et Skoog ei Ion a constate que ce mcteu 

favorisat : Ia crOissance or i :ssus tu-norau- 

de :aba .- dus a la soothe BeS3 d'Aii,ohacien:rr 

mole; anc'a La trot s sance de ce 

tissu est sumulee par on facteur 2 .3 apres 

12 lours de culture En rel anche Its ca!s 

:Dmoraut pruvoques chez le tabac Pa r

GENETICS 

normal wild type calli NW) cannot grow at 

all on the same m lum. In contrast to 

D-lactose, D-galactose did not stimulate 

growth of either of the tumor tissues . 


GENETICS AND BREEDING 

i 

See also :13633, 3636, 3645, 3646 . 3648. 3651 . 

3652 . 3655 . 3687, 3688, 3694, 3695, 3760, 3784 

and title- ref, : 3850-3860 

3661 BERBEC A . 

Chromosome substitution and gene 

mutation concurring to produce a 

white-flower derivative of the Later. 

specific hybrid Nicotians tabacum 

L. x Nicottaoa benavidest Goodspeed . 

Genet Pol ., 1980, 21-3. p. 283. 9 

Evidence is presented for a white-flower 

gene mutation and an alien chromosome 

substitution as jointly responsible for the 

appearance of a white-flower plant in an 

utherwise pink-flower progeny (BC,) resulting 

from mating the F, hybrid Ntcoriana 

tabacum by N. benavidesii to N . tabacum . 

The evidence is based on the genetical 

analysis of the segregation for white flower 

in 14 selfed progenies derived from backcrossing 

the white-flower plant to N . tabacum 

. 


3662 DELPoCX M ., DALEBROCX M .A . 

Genetic effects on the a ,/a,e ,/a, system 

of tobacco over a uranous outcrop 

in the Permian Basin of Lodeve 

(Herault. France) . 

Mu:at Res ., 1981, 82.1 . p . 101-10 . 

Three experiments were carried out on the 

.-Mar d'Alan- uranous outcrop, located in 

sou;hwes; France. to investigate, and express 

in terms of reversion rate, the 

genetic effects of natural radiations on the 

c a a- a : system of tobacco In all 5 ex 

penments a statistically significant increase 

of the reversion rate was found when plants 

were grown under conditions of chronic 

external irradiation . Furthermore the dose 


AND BREEDING 

96 

la souche C 58 de A. tumefaciens et les 

cals normaux de type sauvage ne se deve' 

loppent pas du tout sur cc meme milieu . 

Contrairement au D-lactose, le D- galactose 

Re stimule la croissance d'aucun des deux 

tissus tumoraux . 

Exit. resume d'auteurs . 

GENETIQUE ET SELECTIO N 

Voir aussi : 3633, 3636 . 3645 . 3646 . 3648 . 3651 . 

3652, 3655, 3687 . 3688, 3694, 3695 . 3760, 3784 

et ref. signal . : 3850-386 0 

3661 BERBEC A . 

(En anglais) Substitution de chromosome 

at mutation genique concourant 

a produire an derive a Deur-blanche 

a partir de I'hybride interapecifique 

Nicottana tabacum x N . benavidesti . 

Genet Pot ., 1980. 213, p . 283-9 . 

Des preuves sont apportees du fait qu'une 

mutation fleur-blanche et la substitution dun 

chromosome etranger sont conjointement responsables 

de Iapparition dune plante a fleur 

blanche dans une descendance BC, par ailleurs 

a fleur rose, issue du retrocroisement 

de I'hvbride F. N. tabacum x N. benawdesii 

avec N. tabacum. Cette mise en evidence 

est basee sur 1'analvse de la segregation 

du caractere fleur-blanche chez 

14 descendants auto-fecondes, derives du 

rdtro-croisement des sujets fleur-blanche, 

avec N . tabacum . 


3662 DELPoCX M ., DALEBROUX M .A . 

(En anglais) Influence genetique sur 

It systeme du tabac our 

tin affleurement uraneux du Bassin 

Permian de Lodeve (Herault, France) . 

Mutar Res . . 1981 . 82-I . p . 101-10 . 

Trois essais ont Pte faits sur I'affleurement 

uraneux de Mas d'A)an sime dans le Sud- 

Ouest de la France . pour examiner et it, 

primer en faux de reversion I influence 

genetique des radiations naturelles sur le 

svsteme it. ta'oac Dans tomes 

ces etudes une augmentation stat,stique 

ment si¢niftcauve du taux de reversion a 

etc observee lorsque les planter etaient cui 

uvees dans des conditions d irradiation ex- 

2347725

esponse relationship pyroved to be linear 

within the 35 prd/h-6281 mrd/h range . 

3063 FLUHR R . . EDELMAN M . 

GENETIQUE ET SELECTION 


Physical mapping of Nicotiana aba 

cum chloroplast DNA . 

Mol. gen . Genet ., 1981, 1814, p . 48490 . 

V¢ottana tabacum chloroplast DNA was 

d :cested with several restriction endonucreases 

chosen for their potential usefulness 

in distinguishing between species of the 

genus, ,'\tcotiana . The resulting fragments 

, ere ordered into a circular configuration 

of about 160 kilobase pairs. equalling about 

100 . la daltons . The physical map features 

an inverted. repeated unit of about 24 kilo 

base pairs separated by a unique sequence 

region with a mean size of 13 kilobase 

pairs on the short side . The cistrons coding 

for chloroplast ribosomal RNA are 

contained within the imvened repeat and 

hare the arrangement : 165, spacer, 235, 

4 .SS'55. Restriction endonuclease maps obtained 

with the enzymes Pvull, Xhol, and 

B¢ ❑ are presented . 


3oN GAuos Z . 

On Polish) Transfer of resistance to 

tomato spotted wilt virus from NIcotiana 

sate Link. et Otto . to Nicotiana 

tabacum by crossing both 

species . 

Btul Inform . centr. Lab. Przem . T)'ton. 

. 1981 . 1 .2, p . 3 .24 . 

In 1970. Aicmiana alara Link . et Otto., re 

s :s:a-; i hypersensrttvel to Tomato Spotted 

\\ ;f: Virus was crossed with N . tabacum 

L Ftrs : generations of hybrids were partly 

sterile 5e :une of seeds took place onh in 

oackcrosses hybrid x N . tabacum). Self 

pollination was obtained onlc in the fourth 

and fifth generations of Mbrids (B . and 

B., All the time a posture selection was 

carried out. using artificial infection of 

roune hr brads with TSW\' . at the stage 

of 3- lean es in air-conditioned chambers 

and on a greenhouse . Onlr resistant plants 

were chosen for further breeding Up till 


terieure chronique. De plus, Is relation dose 

reaction est apparue lineaire dans Is gam . 

me de 35 card/h4281 mrd/h . 

3663 FLUHR R ., EDaMAN M . 


(En anglais) Canographle physique 

du DNA ehloroplutlque de Nicotiana 

abacula 

Mol. gen. Genet., 1981, 1814, p . 48490 . 

Le DNA chloroplastique de N. tabacum a 

ete digere par plusieurs endonucleases de 

restriction choisies pour leur aptitude po 

tentielle a disnnguer entre les especes du 

genre Nicotiana. Les fragments resultants 

ont tie disposes en un cercle d'environ 

163 paires de kilobases, equivalant a envt 

ron 100 x 10' daltons . La carte physique 

fait apparaitre une unite inversee et re 

petee dent-iron 24 paires de kilobases, se . 

paree oar une region unisequentielle avant 

une taille moyenne de 13 paires de kilobases 

du petit cote. Les cistrons codant pour le 

RNA ribosomal chloroplastique sons conic 

nus dans la repetition inversee et ont la 

disposition : 165. espacement . 235 . 4.55/55 . 

On presente les caries d'endonucleases de 

restriction obtenues avec les enzymes Pvull 

Xhol et Bgll . 

3664 GAlos Z . 

Resume d'auieur s 

(En polonais) Transfers de Ia resistance 

a TSWV de Nlcotlara slate a 

Nlcotana tabacum par croisements 

des deux especes . 

Biul. Inform . cenrr. Lab. Przem. T, 

ton., 1981, 1-2, p . 3 .24 . 

En 1970. N. alas resistant par h}persensa 

bilite a TSNV a etc croise a A' . tabacun: 

I Les premieres generations d'hybrtdes om 

ete paroellement sieriles La production 

de semences ne s'est produiie qu'au cour s 

des ret rocroisement s ' hvbnde . \ raGc 

cum) L'auto-ooll imsation na tie ootenue 

glen 4e et Se generation de i'ht Snide 'B 

e : B.i Pendant tout ce temps . une sere, 

non posture a ete fare en mfectant a 

fic :ellement de cones hybrtdes par TS\\\ 

au lade 3- feu,!les en encemtes condition 

nees et Cr, se-re Seules les piantes rests- 

;antes on: ete reienues pour la selectio n 

97 

2347726

not. nine generations of interspecific hybrids 

have been stud . It was stated that 

the resistance (hypersensitivity) coming 

from alata is hereditary in subsequent 

generations and is conditioned by one pair 

of dominant alleles. The split ratios of 

hybrids to the plants resistant and sensitive 

to TSWV, after backcrossing with N . tobacum 

and self pollination, point to it. In 

1978, the hybrids were planted in the experimental 

field in Kazimierza Wielka, where 

natural infection of plants with TSWV occurred 

. The obtained results confirm the 

authors former observations in a greenhouse 

: the hybrids proved to be resistant 

also in the case of transferring the virus 

by a vector (Thrifts rabaci Lind .). Up till 

not. 8 likes of hybrids have been bred . 

Thee differ in the shape of plants, duration 

of vegetation period and ability to set 

seeds after self pollination . One of the lines 

L-80311 showed 100 q-o resistance to TSWV 

alreacy in the second following generation . 

3665 Gu'PTOS C .L . 

Fro, Author's English Summary . 

Inheritance of wrinkled-leaf tobacco 

mutants from different origins and 

their interrelationships . 

Tob. in : ., 1981, 18311, p . 34-7 . 

Tob Sa ., 1981, XXV, p . 10811 . 

Experiments were conducted to determine 

:.it mode of inheritance of two wrinkled- 

,eaf mutants of burley tobacco IA'iconana 

tabanor: L .) and the genetic relationship 

among these and a similar mutant in flue . 

cured tobacco The leaves on all F, plants 

corn crosses between normal and wrinkled . 

leaf parents were wrinkled but usually in 

ternedtate between parents in degree . Crosses 

among wrinkled-leaf plants produced 

F offspring of the same class as the most 

u rtnkled parent . There was no evidence of 

maternal effect in the six reciprocal cros 

sea Anal'sec of the F. and backcross pooulauons 

indicated a single factor, dominant 

inheritance of wrinkled-leaf . The results 

a w suceest that a different locus controls 

no mutant trait in each of the three 

sun Tres that were studied . The classification 

f the pupa :atiora into norms ; or wrinkled . 

lea- pants sac confirmed, but the decree 

nkled lea` could no: be associated 

neieruzt guus or homoz,cous geno 

:t pet 


GENETICS AND BREEDIN G 

4u :hor's S:nnam"t 

I 

ulterieure. Jusqu'a present . 9 generations 

d'hvbrides interspecifiques ont ete eiudtees 

On constate que )a resistance (hypersensibiltte) 

issue de N. alata est hereditaire et 

conditionnee par une paire d'alleles dominants. 

C'est cc qu'indique It rappon plan 

tes resistantes:plantes sensibles apres retrocroisement 

avec N. tabacum et auto-polltnisation 

. En 1978, les hvbrides ont ete plan 

its en champ experimental it Kazimierza 

Wielka, ou it v a infection naturelle des 

plantes par TSWV . Les resultats obtenus 

conferment des observations precedences faices 

en serre : les hvbrides se montren: re 

sistants e;alement clans It cas du transfers 

viral par un vecteur (Thnps iabaci) . On 

a selectionne jusqu'a cc lour 8 lignees de 

ces hvbrides, differents par la forme, la 

duree de la vegetation et ('aptitude a produire 

des semences apres auto-pollinisatio . 

Lune de ces lignees (L-8031) presence 100 to 

de resistance a TSWV des la seconde ge 

neration qui suit . 

3665 GVPTOS C .L . 

D'apres resume anglais d'auteur . 

(En anglais) Transmission genetique 

des mutants Is feuilles ridees de differences 

origines et leurs interrelations. 

Tob nit . . 1981 . 18311, p. 3t7 . 

Tob Sc : ., 1981 . XXV, p . 108-I1 . 

Des etudes one ete faites pour determiner 

le mode de transmission de deux mutants 

a feuilles ridees de tabac burley, ainsi que 

les relations genetiques entre ceux-ci et on 

mutant semblable de tabac flue-cured . Les 

feuilles de toutes les plantes F : de croisements 

entre parents normaux et parents 

a feuilles ridees ont ere ridees . mail de 

iason generalement mocenne par rapport 

aux parents. Les croisements entre plantes 

a feuilles ridees ont donne des descendants 

F. de )a meme ciasse que It parent It plus 

ride Aucu, effe; maternel na etc mis en 

et idence fors des six croisements recipro' 

cues Les analyses de populations F: et de 

populations issues de ret rocrotsemenis font 

apparaitre one transmission du caractere 

ride selon on seul facteur. dominant . Les 

resultats donnen: aussi a pense. qu un 

locus different contrble la mu ; anon Ghee 

chacune des trots .,curse' e:ud!t,, L :, 

elassi':easion des population, s n'ame' 

normaies e: plantes a feu:! cs rtdre : 

conftrrnee ma's to fan cue . rr-a .ir-r 

son plus ou mc :ns ma roue no put rt re 

associe a'.x genotypes he : eron gates oa hop 

ma,' rotes 

Resume c c ., : ~i,, . 

2347727

1 

Jobe HASEGAWA P.M ., BRESSAN R .A ., HANDA 

A .K. T 

Growth characteristics of NaCI-selected 

and nonelected cells of Nlcotlane 

tabacum L . 

Plai Cell Physiol ., 1980, 21 .8, p . 1347- 

A cell line of Ntconana tabacum var . Wis. 

consin 36 was selected (S-10 cells) which is 

apable of growth in medium containing 

0 e liter' NaCl . The fresh and dry weights 

of s-b cells at stationan' phase in medium 

containing 10 g liter' NaCl were about 60 

and 100 °a respectively . of that of 5 .10 cells 

grown without NaCI. When cels normally' 

maintained n the absence of the salt (S-0 

ce!Is) were transferred to medium contain- 

:nc 10 a liter NaCl, they underwent a 14da+ 

lag period before growth could be 

detected and they reached stationan' phase 

Sc days after Inoculation compared to 

14 da's for 5-10 cells. At stationan phase, 

fresh and dn. weights of S-0 and S-10 cells 

,ere the same in the presence of salt, The 

S-0 cells exhibited a reduced growth rate 

once growth began in medium with 10 g 

liter NaCI . The cell mass doubling time 

of S-0 cells in medium with 10 g liter-' 

NaCl Was 4 days compared to 1 .2 days for 

these cells grown in the absence of the 

salt and 1 .6 days for 5.10 cells grown in 

mediums with 10 g liter' NaCl . The resistance 

of the salt-selected cells was stable 

in the presence of the salt . However, after 

cell mass doublings following transfer 

into medium without NaCl . these cells lost 

:heir resistance to salt and responded to 

NaCl like the cell population (S-0 cells) 

, hoch had not been selected for growth 

on NaCI . 


3667 Hl'BER S .C . 

Inter and Intra'speciflc variation In 

photosynthetic formation of starch 

and sucrose . 

2 Pllancenphcsiol . 1981 . 1011 . p . 49-54 . 

I so:ated mesophv!i preparations of barleN 

Hotdeum vJga,e) w,heat (TrnQ'unt aest, - 

runt, tobacco (Nlco;iana is baci m), sow . 

beans IGi cite max, and peanuts t .4rachts 

in poeaec, . partitioned photosynthetically assim 

:lated carbon into starch and sugar s 

rha:nat .^.eucs rates The ratio of sucar 

to starch fo .mation was highest with barlew 

54 . and tow es: , :In peanuts 105 

S .ma:ier difteren:es in the potential for 

s .,,rch and sugar formation. were also ob- 



99 

3666 HASEGAWA P .M ., BRESSAN R .A ., HANGA 

A .K . 

(En anglais) Carecterisuques de crotslance 

des cellules de Nicotlana tabs . 

cum selectloanees ou non par Is NaCl . 

Plant Cell Physiol., 1980, 214, p . 1347- 

55 . 

On a selectionne lane lignee cellulaire (510) 

de Nicoriana tabacum var . Wisconsin 38 . 

capable de croitre dans on milieu contenant 

10 g/l de NaCl . Les poids frais 

et secs de ces cellules en phase stattonnaire 

dans tin tel milieu sont respectivement 

'de 60 et 100 4o par rapport 

a ceux des mimes cellules cultivees sans 

NaCl. Quand les cellules notrnalement maintenues 

dans un milieu sans sel (cellules 

S-0) sons transferees dans on milieu contenant 

10 g de sel/I . elles subissent tin 

retard de 14 fours avant que leur croissance 

ne soit detectee et atteignent la pha . 

se stationnaire 36 jours apres inoculation, 

contre 14 jours pour les cellules S-10 . En 

phase stationnaire, les poids frais et sec de 

SO et S-10 sont identiques en presence de 

sel . Les cellules 5-0 presentent tin taux de 

croissance reduit. une fois celle-ci amor 

cee. dans tin milieu contenant 10 g NaCI i . 

Le doublement de leur masse dans un tel 

milieu prend 4 jours, contre 1 .2 pour les 

mimes cellules cultivees en ('absence de 

sel et I .6 jour pour les cellules S-10 cultivees 

en milieu satin . La resistance des 

cellules selectionnees pour le set est stable 

en presence de cette substance . Cependant, 

apres It cinquieme doublement de )a masse 

cellulaire, suivant le transfers dans un 

milieu non salin, ces cellules perdeni leur 

resistance au set et reagissent a NaCl de 

la mime facon que les populations S-0 . 


3667 HuBER S .C . 

(En anglais) Variation inter et Intraspectflque 

dans Is formation par photosynthese 

de I'amldon et du saceharose. 

Z. Pflanzenphystol ., 1981, 1011, p . 4954 . 

Des preparations cellulaires isolees de mesophylle 

de Hordeu,n ralcare . T~:r.ntm aes . 

nrunt. A'icorimta tabacu'it Gi+nr ;e rues e ; 

Arachts hw pogaea separent )e carbone de 

photosrnthese en amidon e; suites selon 

des rapports caractensnques Ce rapport es : 

Ie plus elewe chez 1 ore 547 e : le p .us 

l aible chez Iarachide t0.5' On note au_s . 

des differences plus faibles entre It cozen 

tie! de formation de sucre et d amidon de 

diverses 'ar,etes de ble Ces resulta is don- 

2347728

I 

served among wheat varieties . The results 

suggested that partitioning of photosynthetically 

fixed carbon between end products 

is biochemically and -genetically controlled 

within the mesophyll cell . 


3668 IVANCHEVA-GaRovsu T ., KtITOVA 1 . 

(In Bulgarian) Response of the largoleaved 

tobacco cultivars and lines to 

black root rot (Thlelavlopsls baslco- 

Is Berkeley (Ferraris)). 

Rastemev. Nouk ., 1981, 1&1, p . 135-41 . 

About 150 large-leaved cultivars and lines 

introduced in Bulgaria and some new Bulgarian 

cultivars were tested for resistance 

to black root rot . It was established that 

no cultivars were immune to the disease . 

Of the various tobacco groups the following 

cultivars and lines were distinguished 

by high or very high resistance : of burley 

type . Burley B-15, 49, 77, 4977, Burley 

Proslav 5 . B :, x KY 16 . Burnica, etc . ; of 

Virginia type . Bell 61-12, and Virginia 1003 . 

The introduced and Bulgarian cultivars of 

burley type showed higher resistance to 

the disease than those of Virginia type . 

The data obtained concerning the rests . 

tance of some American cultivars did not 

coincide with those found in some sources 

of reference. This fact is probably due to 

the existence in Bulgaria of physiological 

races of the pathogen, which differ from 

those in the countries where the cultivars 

were developed . 


3669 KAMATE K ., CoussoN A ., TRINH T .H. & 

al . 

(In French) Influence of the genetic 

and physiological factors on the floral 

in vitro neoformation of Nlcotlana 

from epidermal and subepidermal cell 

lavers . 

Cm, J. Bo : ., 1981 . 59-5, p . 775-81 . 

Floral neoformation potentialities in various 

.y ¢anrnc genotypes having different photoperiodic 

requirements were analyzed in ep4 

dermal and subepidermal cel! layers from 

floral 'branches cultured in r;rro with glu . 

cose (30 el), indoleacetic acid (IAA, 10-"Af), 

and, kmetin (Kin 10- Al) Direct neofor 

rnation of flowers occurred in the long-day 

:nterspeci ftc hybrid Aicotiana sylves nu 

Vico : ;ana ton : ewosrt o rrn:s but was not ob . 

tained with am of the parent species suggesting 

that this phenomenon might depend 

un interactions between those two geno 

:vpes rather than on eupenod Results 



vent a penser gut la separation du carbo 

ne de photosvnthese en composes organiclues 

uherieurs est regulee biochimiquement 

et genetiquement au niveau des cel- 

Jules du mesophylle . 

Resume d'aureur . 

3668 IVANCHEVA GABRovsxG T ., KROPA 1 . 

(En bulgare) Comportement des cv . 

at lignees de tabacs a feuilles larger 

v1r4vis de Thlelavlopsis basicola . 

Rasteniev . Nauk., 1981, 161, p . 13541 . 

On a teste pour leur resistance is la pourriture 

racinaire 150 lignees et cy . de tabac 

a feuilles larges, introduits an Bulgane . 

ainsi que certains nouveaux cv . bulgares . 

Aucun des cv. ne sesi montre immun vis-avis 

de la maladie . Des differents groupes 

examines, les cv . et Its lignees suivants ont 

manifeste une resistance elevee ou tres elevee 

: du type burley, les Burley B-IS . 49, 

77 . 4977 . Burley Proslav 5 . B:, x Ky 16 . 

Burnica . etc . . . : du type Virginia, Bell 61 .12 

et Virginie 1003 . Les c% . de burley. introduits 

ou indigenes. s'averent plus resistants 

a )a maladie que Its types Virginie . Les 

donnees obtenues concernant ]a resistance 

de quelques cr . americans rye coincident 

pas avec certaines de celles trouvees clans la 

litterature . Cc fait est sans doute du a ]'existence 

en Bulgane de races phcsiologiques 

du pathogene . differentes de celles obser 

gees dans les pays ou les drys cc . ont etc 

mis au point . 

D'apres resume anglais d'auteurs. 

1 3669 KAMATE K ., CoussoN A ., TR1NH T .H . & 

al . 

Influence des faeteurs genetiques et 

physlologiques sur Is neo-formatlon 

florale to vitro de Nlcotiana a partlr 

des couches cellulalres epldermique 

et sub-pldennique . 

Can 1 . Bar ., 1981, 59-5 . p- 7758! . 

On a examine les potentialites de neo-formation 

florale chez divers genotypes de 

Niconana a besoms differents en photo 

period:sme en analysant les couches ce!lulaires 

epidermtque et sub-epiderrnique de 

rameau. florauv cult "e, it tiro aver 30 e 

glucose !. 10- Al d .AIA et 10" Al de king 

tine. La neoformanon dtrecte deg fieurs se 

produ : ; chez I'h%bride iourlong A' s~ii e, 

Iris .V to+nen ;osnor +v (s. mats n e, : obtenue 

chez aucun des parents , very donne 

a censer que le phenornene depend d':rater 

actions entre ces deux genotypes pluto : 

que de !euperiodisme Les resulta :s obte

T 

obtained following chynges in the medium 

as regards auxin and Cvtokinin (naphtalene 

acetic acid . 3 x 10- Al or 5 x 10- M ; 

benzyl adenine. 3 x 10- M or 5 x 10-' M) 

demonstrated the influence of genotypeenvironment 

interaction on de novo differentiation 

of flowers in Niconana rustica . 


KAPITSA O .S ., EVDONIN A L.V . 

(In Russian) PPopertles 

of lac- mutants- 

of isolated tobacco cultur e 

cells : lactose and galactose utlllz . 

atlon . 

- 

Generika, 1981, 17.3, p. 424.36 . 

5-Galactosidase is an exoenzvme of tobacco 

cells. Its synthesis is induced by exogenous 

kmetin . Lactose contained in a medium is 

hydrolyzed outside the cell by this enzyme . 

The transport of resultant hexoses into 

cc!ls provides for the growth of mutants 

and causes the death of the wild-type cell . 

It appears that a galactose-containing me. 

dium is toxic for cells of lac- gal- mutant . 

When an active glucose metabolism takes 

place, the cells fix this carbohydrate completely 

without accumulation of a toxic 

galactoso-l-phosphate. The ability of lac' 

ca!' mutant to grow on a galactose-containme 

medium is most probably due to the 

additional activity of galactoso-l-phosphate 

uridyltransferase . Thus, two lac- tobacco 

mutants have both a similar change in the 

wa' of transportation of hexoses into cells 

and a different composition of active transferases 

This suggests that the properties 

of lac' gal' mutant result from two or 

multiple mutations . 


3671 KEYES G .1 . . DEATON W .R ., COLLINS G .B 

& a l 

Hybrid vigor in callus tissue cultures 

and seedlings of Nicotiana tabacum . 

1. Hered . 1981 . 723 . p- 172 4 

Hi chl' sign:ficani at erase heterosis (P = 

0011 uas reported for callus growth and 

rue: miuation in tissue cultures of burlew 

tonaaro Hw bnd wieor for it , ,ro callus 

crow, :h maw be useful :n the select tun of 

1, rid townies loliuw. :nc prow pias : fusions 

:caw of nc A :cbac:rr S::dimes of burley 



1 ;i 

nus It Is suite de modifications du milieu 

en ce qui concerne les auxines et cvtokinines 

(acide napththalene acetique 3 x 10- 

M ou 5 x 10-' M ; benryl adenine 3 x 10- 

,44 ou 5 x 10-' M), indiquent une influence 

de ]'interaction genotype x environnement 

sur la differentiation de novo des fleurs de 

N. rustica . 

Resume d'auzeurs . 

3670 KAPITSA O .S ., EVDONIAA L .V . 

(En russe) Proprletes des mutants 

lac- de cellules Isoldes de tabac 

utilisation du lactose et du galactose . 

Generika, 1981, 17-3, p . 424-36 . 

La 0-galactosidase est une exoenzvme des 

cellules de tabac . Sa synthese est provoquee 

par la kinetine exogene . Le lactose du milieu 

est hvdrolyse hors de la cellule par 

cette enzyme. Le transport a l'interieur des 

cellules des hexoses issus de cette hydro- 

Iyse, permet la croissance des mutants et 

provoque la mort des cellules de type sauvase. 

Il semble qu'un milieu contenant du 

galactose soft toxique pour les cellules mutantes 

lac- gal- . Quand it y a un meta . 

bolisme glucosique actif, les cellules fixent 

cet hydrate de carbone completement sans 

accumulation de galactoso-l-phosphate toxique. 

La capacite du mutant lac' gal- de 

croitre sur milieu contenant du galactose 

est tres probablement due a l activity ad . 

ditionnelle de la galactoso-l-phosphate uri . 

dyl transferase . Ainsi. Jet; deux mutants 

lac' de tabac presement-ils 1'un et l'autre 

la meme modification en cc cut concerne 

le transport des hexoses a I'interieur des 

cellules et une composition differente en 

transferases actives . Ceci donne a penser 

que les propnetes de ces mutants resultent 

de deux ou plusieurs mutations . 

Resume anglais dauleurs . 

3671 KEVEs G .3 ., DEATON W .R . . COLLINs G .B 

& al . 

(En anglais) Vigueur hybride chez les 

cultures de Gals et les plantules de 

Nicotiana tabacum . 

J Hered . . 1981 . T2-3 P I 

On sienale one heterosis mot enne trrs s :cmf¢atite 

tP = 001, Dour 13 croissance 

des cals e: )apparition de racines daps des 

cultures de tissus de tabac burlew La w 

caeur ht bride pour Is croissance des cats 

n : wuro peui semi utilemeni a selection 

ncr des colonies hybrides apres fusion d e 

2347730

tobacco, grown in p greenhouse, were 

heterotic (P = 0.01) for dry weight production. 

Heterosis fos seedling vigor could 

contribute to maintaining residual heterozygosity 

in selfed and sib-mated lines of 

tobacco. Phenotypic correlations of seed. 

ling dry weight with in vitro callus growth 

and root production were positive and significant 

(P = 0 .05). However . specific combining 

ability effects for in vivo seedling 

growth and in vitro callus growth were uncorrelated 

(r = 0.00). These results indicate 

that specific intra-allelic gene inter . 

actions that promoted seedling growth were 

unrelated to gene combinations that promoted 

in vitro callus growth:' A high correlation 

(r= = 0 .81) of seedling dry* weight 

with callus fresh weight among doubledhaploid 

lines suggests That further investigations 

of the correlation of in vitro with 

it vivo traits should be undertaken . 


3672 Kosuei T ., SATO M . 

(In Japanese) Studies on the accumulation 

of nicotine-converting mutants 

In tobacco. Il. Simulating the random 

drifts of genotype frequences . 

Bull. Iwata Tob . Exp. Sin, 1981, 13, 

In . 73-83 . 

The simulations started from various original 

populations containing no mutant and 

were earned out until the 20th generation . 

The two models of mutation occurrence 

differ only slightly from each other in the 

standard deviation and the coefficient of 

deviation of the frequency of CC-type plants 

as well as of the frequency cC - CC, The 

frequencies of CC-type and cC-tvpe plants 

are not normally distributed . The distributions 

have positive skewness like a binomial 

dtstnbution . The standard deviation 

of the frequency of CC-type plants linear- 

It increases with generations on condition 

that the population size is constant, but 

that of frequen=t of cC-type plants does 

not lareeh change . The coefficient of de 

viation alter the ' :h generation is steaddt 

in both ropes The standard deviation at 

a certain generation is inverse), proporbona: 

to the square root of the population 

number It is also proportional to the 

square root of the mutation rate . while the 

coefficient of deviation increases with the 

mutation rate getting lower The relationship 



protoplastes comprenant N. tabacum. Des 

plantules de tabac burley, cultivees en set 

re, sont heterotiques pour la production 

de mature seche (P = 0,01) . Cette heterosis 

pourrait contribuer a maintenir I'heterozvgosite 

rtsiduelle chez )es lignees de 

tabac autofecondees ou croisees collateralement. 

Les correlations phenotypiques entre 

poids sec des plantules dune pan et 

croissance in vi fro des cals et production 

de racines de I'autre sont positives et si 

gnificatives (P = 0,05) . En revanche. les 

effets de 1'aptitude combinatoire specifique 

pour Is croissance des plantules in 

vivo et podr la croissance des cats in vitro 

Or sort pas correlees (r = 0.00). Ces resultats 

indiquent que les interactions des genes 

intra-alleliques specifiques qui favorisent 

Is croissance des plantules ne soot pas 

liees aux combinaisons geniques fayorisani 

la croissance des cals in u ,o . Leiroite 

correlation (r = 0,81) du poids sec des 

plantules avec le poids frais de cal parmi 

les lignees haploides diploidisees suggere 

d'entreprendre de nouvelles recherches sur 

la correlation entre caracteres in vitro et 

caracteres in vivo . 


3672 KOMARI T . . SATO M . 

(En iaponais) Etudes sur 1'accumulation 

des mutants a conversion chez 

le taboo. II. Simulation des derives 

aleatolres des frequences genotypiques 

. 

Bull. Iwara Tob. Exp. Stn . 1981 . 13, 

p . 73-83 . 

Les simulations ont e[e entreprises a parede 

diverses populations initiates ne conic 

nant pas Or mutants a conversion et ont 

etc poursmvies par autofecondaions suecessives 

jusqua la 20e generation . Les deuv 

modeles dapparition de la mutation ne 

different que leeerement I'un de I'autre en 

ce qui concerne I'ecan-type et le coeffi- 

I cient decart des frequences pour les plan 

ter de type CC ei pour celles de npe 

cC - CC . Les frequences de ces deut types 

de planter ne sent pas normalement reoar 

ties Les distributions ont une dtscmet rte 

nositire comme une distribution bmomiate 

Lecart-npe de la freeuence des p!ante' CC 

augmente lindatrement at et e- generations 

a condo ion que la ta:lle de Ia pc.puleutr 

sor, cons:ante tandis qa . :elw d !a r . 

ouence des p!antes cC rte Sc mot, nr ov.s 

beaucour Le coefficci : Si' ee . a:io r 

is Sc cener3tOn eat constant Chl? v' lei' 

woes de olantes A une eeneratior. donnre 

I e=ar: type ect mte-semer,t arooort tare y' 

a !a rac:ne carree du nombre de p!anivdans 

!a population Ii en propomonne! a 

10_ 

2347731

V. 

36"3 KLBO T . 

(In Japanese) Agronomic character . 

istics of male sterile flua.cured tobacco 

bvbrids with the cytoplasm 

from Nicotlana suaveolens . 

Bull. Lucia Tob. Bzy. Sin, 1981 . 13, 

p . 61 .71 . 

The experiment was conducted with five 

male sterile tobacco varieties (Coker 284 . 

Bright Yellow, 4. MC I . Coker 319 and 

B r;¢hl 1'ello\, 103) , ten male sterile F . hybrids 

(all possible crosses among the five 

'arieties escludine reciprocals), and their 

normal fertile counterparts . The effects of 

the ectoplasm from N . suaveolens were 

retardation of flowering, reduction in yield, 

.n lower internode length . leaf width and leaf 

area of lower leaf. irrespectively of nuclear 

genotypes . and reduction in leaf length, 

,. idth thickness of upper leaf and width' 

length for certain nuclei, However, the evtoplasm 

had no effects on other characters, 

such as total number of leaves, stalk height, 

stalk 01,11i , upper mternode length . average 

:nternode length, leaf area and fresh weight 

of upper leaf . leaf length of lower leaf, 

lea .` weight, unit area weight and midrib 

proportion of cured leaf . The means of F . 

hybrids were lower than those of their 

parental varieties for days to flower . total 

humor. of leaves . width!length, and midrib 

proportion, and higher for the characters 

such as stalk height, lo, .er internode length 

a, eraee mternode length, leaf length, leaf 

area fresh „eight of upper leaf. and leaf 

„d ;h and leaf area of lower leaf . The 

c, :oolasmic effects were offset by the nom 

addnne effects of hybridization for most 

o the characters of the male sterile F 

h,br:ds The male sterile fiue.cured F h , 

,.an the rviop :asm from \' suci'em 

herefore had anpro\imatelc the a,er 

alues o: their -normal ferr.le parent s 

mus: u: he characters studied . 

F,o"i .4i .:iio1 s En_LS): Sonrnla', 

GE.NETIOL'E ET SELECTIO N 

between the random drift of frequency of , it racine carree du taux de mutation, tam 

nicotine-converting mutants and population dis que le coefficient de deviation est in 

size is discussed from a practical viewpoint . versement proportionnel a cc taux. La re . 

From Authors' 'English Summary . Ietion entre derive aleatoire de a frequent 

cc des mutants a conversion et taille de 

Ia population est discutee d'un point de 

vue pratique . 

D'apres resume anglais d'aureur s 


10! 

3673 Kcao T . 

(En iaponais) Caractares agronomlques 

des hybrides de tabac flue-cured 

stedles miles. possedant It cytoptas . 

me de Nicotlana suaveolens . 

Bull. 1„ ata Tob. Exp. Stn, 19,91 . IJ 

p . 61-7 1 

L'etude a ere faire avec cinq var . de tabac 

sterile male (Coker 284 . Bright Yello„ 

MC I . Coker 319 et Bright Yellow 1031, dis 

hvbrides steriles males F. torus Les croise' 

ments possibles entre Les cinq var . a I'ex 

elusion des recioroques), et leurs homologues 

fertiles normaux . L'influence do cvtoolasme 

de A' suaveolens se traduit par on 

retard a la floraison, une reduction do 

rendement . des entre'nmuds inferieurs plus 

courts. one moindre largeur e! surface de 

feuilles aux etages inferieurs . ques que soft 

be eenotspe du novau . et one reduction de 

a longueur, largeur et epaisseur des feuilles 

superieures. ainsi que de leur rapport 

argeurrlongueur, dans )e cas de certains 

novaux. En revanche. cc cvtop!asme est 

sans influence sur Les caracteres suivants : 

nombre total de feuilles, hauteur et tour de 

uee. longueur des entre-np :uds superteurs 

et longueur movenne des entre .no :uds . stir 

face foliaire et prods frais des feuilles so 

perieures. longueur des feuilles du ha s 

noids de feuilles. poids par unite de surface 

et proportion de cotes Bans la feuille se 

thee. Les movennes pour les hvbrides F . 

soot plus basses que celles de eurs var . 

narentes pour ce out conrerne : le delai 

de floraison. le nombre total de feuilles 

le rapport largeurlongeur . la proportion 

de cotes. et ces mo,'ennes sent plus ele- 

,ees pour la hauteur de use. la longuej,-de, 

entre.naeuds inferieurs la longues' 

movenne des entre-notuds la longueur e : 

,urface de feuille le poidc frai, des feuil . 

Les hautes airs, cue is :?recur e : , race 

de, feu lie, mferieu re, L'n^vv^c c 

mmue est coot rebalancee par res effel, no .-, 

add : ::fs de i'h, brida tier. pou r 

de, ca ractere, des h, br . de , m's F 

F Cc, ; pOu rp'aol le, hip :d dc flu 

cared a c, ;onfasme dr 1 n.e'in', 1 r 1 p-, 

leur movenne, de eur, pa 

è9 ; ; f r;ae, 'o-mau\ pour '.a pl'upari des 

Ca ra : : ergs elude : 

Dcrcc res:r tic clans dcutn r 

2347732

3674 KUNAKH VA., LEGEIDA V .S ., ZUEVA L .V . 

& al . 

Comparative e;togenetlc analysis of 

wild type cells and the Iac- mutant 

of a tobacco tissue culture . 

Cvtol . Gen .; 1980, 14-6, p . 33-7 . 

Lines of wild-type tobacco cells and two 

lines of a lac' mutant isolated from it 

- one cultured on lactose, the other on 

sucrose medium - were studied. Tissue 

of the wild-type and the cell line of the 

lac' mutant, cultured on sucrose medium . 

were mixoploid, with a range of variation 

of chromosome nurlber from'-12 to 192 and 

modal clan consisting of teraploid cells . 

In the line of the lac- mutant, cultured 

on lactose medium, diploid cells predominat . 

S . with a range of variability of chromosome 

number from 24 to 96 . 


3673 MALICrA S .S., KOLOTUKHA K .I ., LIKHAcxoc 

VT. & al . 

(In Ukranian) Existence of phage sequences 

in DNA preparations from 

mammal and plant cells incubated 

with lambdaphage of Eseberlchia coif 

. 

Dopov Akad . Nauk Ukr. SSR, Sc, . B . 

1981, 3, p . 716 . 

The possibility of prolonged retention of 

phage sequences in DNA preparations from 

HeLa. RH, KX cells and suspension tobac' 

co cell culture following some passages 

after their inoculation with IambdaC1857S7 

phage is studied by the DNA-DNA hybridization 

method . Those sequences are shown 

to be retained in subsequent passages tup 

to 01 phage genome per cell) with a 

progressive decrease in quantity . 


3676 MAq \ I . . PALAKARCHE\A R I 

(In Bulgarian) Inheritance of the resistance 

to the common tobacco mosaic 

virus (Nicotiana virus 1) in inter 

cultivar tobacco hybrids . 

Gen Se!, 1981 . 143, p . 213 .2 0 

The T\t\' resistant lines E54 733 432 and E 

de\eloped in the Sofia Institute of Genetics 



104 

3674 KL'NAKH V .A., LEGEIDA V .S . . ZVEvA L .V . 

& a) . 

(En anglais) Analyse cytogenetlque 

comparative des cellules de type sau' 

vase et du mutant lac- dune culture 

de tissu de tabac . 

Cyzoi . Gen., 1980, 146, p. 317 . 

Des lignees de cellules de type sauvage et 

deux lignees mutantes lac- isolees de ces 

lignees. Tune cultivee sur lactose. la secom 

de sur saccharose ant ete etudiees. Les 

tissus de type sauvage et la lignee mutante 

lac', sur milieu de saccharose . sont mizoploides. 

l'eventail de variations de leur 

nombre chromosomique allant de 12 a 192 

et leur classe modale etant composee de 

celluies tetraploides. Chez la lignee lac- cultivee 

sur milieu lpctose, les cellules diploi' 

des predominent, avec un eventail de %ariabilite 

de leur nombre chromosomique allant 

de 24 a 96 . 

Resume d'auzeurs . 

3675 MALIUTA S .S ., KOLOTUKHA N .I ., LIMA 

cxoc VT . & al . 

(En ukrainien) Existence de sequences 

de phage dans des preparations de 

DNA provenant de cellules de mammifcres 

et de plantes . raises a lacuber 

en presence du phage lambda de Es. 

cherichia coll . 

Dopov Akad . Nauk Ukr. SSR, Set . B, 

1981, 3, p 746 . 

On a etudie, par hybridation DNA-DNA, )es 

possibilites dune retention prolongee des 

sequences de phage clans des preparations 

de DNA de cellules HeLa . RH . KX et des 

cultures en suspension de cellules de tabac 

durant quelques passages apres leur inoculation 

par It phage IambdaC1857S7 . On 

constate que ces sequences sort retenuea 

lors de ces passages (iusqu'a 1,10e de geno . 

me phagiquc'cellule), leur quanute allant 

en diminuant progressiremen t 

Resume anglais d'auieur s 

36Th MA't \ L . PALAKARCHE\ A M 

(En buleare) Transmission genetique 

de la resistance au TM\' commun 

(Nicotiana virus 1) Chez les hvbrides 

d'iniercultivars de tabac . 

Gen Se! 1951 14-3 . p 213 ._' 0 

Le: !teneec resistance, a T\I\' 85+ 'll', 422 

et e mtsec au point a l'I nsutut de Gene . 

2347733

and cv. 888 were crossed to TMV susceutible 

tobacco cultivar5 and the inheritance 

of the resistance was studied in F . 

F. and F, hybrids both' at the early and 

transplant stages and in aged plants . Dominance 

of the TMV resistance typical of 

the lines and No . 888 was observed in F . . 

In F the hybrids with cv . 888 and the lines 

E54 733. and 432 segregate in a 3 :1 ratio of 

resistant: susceptible plants, while the by . 

brads with line 6 segregate in a 9 :7 ratio . 

The monogenic inheritance of the resistance 

is confirmed by data in BC, with the susceotible 

cultivar . In F, stable TMV resistant 

progenies were established, which are of 

interest for use in breeding for resistance . 


3677 PALAKARCREVA M . 

In Bulearian) Genetic peculiarities of 

tobacco breeding for disease reelstance 

. 

Genet . Sel ., 1981 . 14-4, p . 2834 . 

The inheritance of blue mold, powden 

midew and wild fire resistance of tobacco 

was srudied . It was established that in F . 

of the interspecific hybrids A'',couana goodsceedc: 

x A . tabacu.m the resistance to 

these diseases dominates. but that the hr. 

bads are sterile . The amphidiploid N . goodspeed 

:: x N. tabacum (2n = 88) is immune 

to blue mold, highly resistant to 

powden mildew and leaf aphids and toler 

ant to T .MV. The resistance to these diseases 

dominates in its Crosses With A . 

iabaann culuvars . In F : the hybrids segregate 

and the percentage of resistant 

plants varies within a wide range. The 

resistant plants dominate in F,. In F .-F, 

are obtained progenies stable in their re 

cisiance and cv . Diebel basma 576 is de 

veloned. which combines resistance to blue 

mold powder, mildew and wild fire, high 

'eldmg and with yen good smoking qualities 

The resistance to blue mold and 

powder' mildew dominates in F, hybrids o f 

tabauan \'. debnen. The N. taba . 

nr,i .\ deb nevi 12n 961 developed 

amphidiplods hate combined resistance to 

in,- diseases In F and F. the hybrids 

segregate and the percentage of resistant 

plans vanes In F. and F. were selected 

progenies having stable resistance Lines 

and culuyars are del eloped, which are re 

scstanc to blue mold and powden mildew 

3r,d which ,n case of hvond,z?non rnher : ; 

he dominant], poh genic resistance to blue 

mold and the dominant) ; mono_enic re 

Lance to powden milde, . 

Frmn AaNior's Lucius? : Su'nntari 


GENET/QUE ET SELECTION 

10 : 

tique de Sofia, et It cv . 888 on( etc croises 

a des cv. de tabac sensibles . La transmission 

de la resistance a ete etudiee en F, . 

Fr et F,, au stade precoce et au stade de 

transplantation. ainsi que chez la plante 

agee. On observe en F, une dominance 

de la resistance a TMV typpique des lignees 

et du N 888. En F,, les hvbrides comportant 

It cv. 888 comme parent et les lignees 

854, 733 et 432, segregent dans la propor . 

tion 3:1 entre plantes resistances et sens)bles. 

tandis que pour les hvbrides de la 

lignee 8, cc rapport est de 9 :7 . La trans 

mission monogenique de la resistance est 

confirmee par les donnees recueil]ies en 

BC, sur le cv. sensible. En F,. One resistance 

stable a TMV s'etablit chez les des . 

cendants. cc qui presente un intent pour It 

selectionneur . 

Resume anglais d'aureurs . 

3677 PALAKARCHE\'A M . 

(En buigare) Particularizes genetiques 

de Its selection des tabacs pour Its resistance 

aua maladies . 

Genet. Sel., 1981, 14-4, p . 2834 . 

On a etudie la transmission genetique de 

la resistance au mildiou, a Ervsiphe cicho . 

racearum et au feu sauvage . On constate 

qu'en F, des hvbrides de Nicotiana good 

speedii r .\' rabacunr, la resistance a ces 

maladies est dominance . mais que Its plantes 

sons steriles. L'amphidiploide A' . good 

speedo x A . rabacunr (2n = 88) est immun 

vis-a-vis du mildiou . tres resistant a 

E. cmhoracearurn et aux pucerons. ei tole . 

rant a TMV. La resistance a ces maladies 

domine quand it est croise a des c% . de 

A' rabacunr. En F:, Its hvbrides segregent 

et le pourcentage de plantes resistantes 

vane largement . Les olantes resistantes do . 

minent en F,. En F,F ., on obtient des des 

cendants stables quart a leur resistance 

et It cv. Djebel basma 570 est mis au point, 

combinant la resistance au mildiou, a E 

cichoracearum et au feu sauvage, ainsi 

qu'un fort rendement ci de tres bonne, 

aualnes de fuma2e. La resistance au mil 

d,ou et a E . cichocacearum domine chez les 

hvbrides F. de A . eabacum N . debnev; 

Leurs amphidiploides (2n = 961 on ; une 

resistance comb;nee aux maladies En F : e : 

F . Its hvbrides segregent e : le oourcentaee 

be plantes resistances ,arie En F . et F . 

Got etc selectionnes des descendants a re 

sistance stable Des herees e : ci son: m,' 

au point, qu : resisienc au milciuc e: a E 

,cboraceanmi et qui en vas d .b :br .dauon 

her;te it, la resistance au it :!duos a dom . 

nance ool, gerecue, et la resistance a E 

nchoracear rnr ; a dominance monogemque ~ 

D spies recu'ne ane :ars d'ao ;gi n 

2347734

3678 PAeoEYA R .S., R05A N ., DIRKS V .A . 

A 

Relationship between green and cur. 

ad leaf total alkaloids of topped and 

untapped plants in relative ranking 

of fluecured genotypes (Nlcotiana is 

bacum L.) . 

Tob. int .. 1981, 183-9, p . 74-9 . 

Tob. Sci., 1981, XXV, p . 427 . 

Leaf alkaloid determinations on green, ontopped 

plants of flue-cured tobacco sampled 

in the field ranked a range of flue-cured 

tobacco cultivars anl( genotypes in the same 

order. in farms of level of alkaloid content, 

as determinations based on the cured . top. 

ped samples. Rank correlations (r .) between 

the two methods of sampling for any prim . 

Inc ranged from r = 0.96 to 0 .83 . and 

smple correlations. - r .., from 0 .93 to 

C'79 The effects of both curing and top 

Dina appeared to be additive to the base 

letel of alkaloid content of green, untopped 

Danis in terms of percent change of alkalu 

:d . The magnitude of the topping effect 

increased with ascending plant position . 

The results indicate that sampling at any 

pr:mma lete) of green. untooped plants 

could identify the relative alkaloid level 

associated with Curing and topping, ah 

thouch the upper primings would appear 

preferable. This technique could be applied 

in selection within segregating populations . 

the classification of genetic materials . 

The pant breeding advantages resulting 

from application of this technique are 

, :scussed . and the potential use of green 

:ssue sampling from the topped plants 

to predict the alkaloid levels in the cured 

commerc;al tobacco crop is suggested . 

0 P''.'r R S Ztt'rt B F 



Dianel genetic analysis of leaf and 

smoke characteristics in flue-cured tobacco 

. 

Toi' C ;: :' .. Res Conc . lopl 3F p b 

3D11 7 

4 parer : d :aê' .se: let:ludmc- red 

r u:''-' a a ;rd fnr for :a : :or In a 

morn u; sptoAe and :ea` chemical :hara, . 

. . . . .1 . . n tkJe ..'J eo toba:;u The range 


106 

3678 PANDEYA R .S .. Rose N .. DIRKS V .A . 

(En anglais) Relation entre Is teneur 

an alcaloides tots= de Is feullle ver 

to at sdchtg de plantes edmees ou 

non pour n qul concerne It elassement 

relatif des genotypes de tabac 

fluecured. 

Tob. int., 1981, 183-9, p . 74 .9 . 

Tob. Sci., 1981, XXV, p. 42-7 . 

La determination des alcaloides foliaires 

de plantes vertes . non ecimees. de tabac 

fluecured echantillonne en champ permet 

de classer les cv. et genotypes dans le 

meme orate, en ce qui concerne cur to 

neur en alcaloides . que les determinations 

basees sur des echantillons de plantes se 

cheer et ecimees. Les correlations de clan 

Bement It,) entre les deux methodes dechantillonnage 

Dour tout etape de cueillette . 

wont de 0.90 a 0.83, ei les correlations simpies 

- r de 0,93 a 0 .79. L'influence du 

sechage et celle de I'ecimage semi titre 

additives par rapport a la teneur de base 

des plantes vertes non ecimees, en termes 

de modification du pourcentaee d'alcaloi . 

des. L'influence de 1 'ecimage augmente ayec 

la hauteur de 1'etage foliaire . Les resultats 

indiquent que l'ecliantillonnage de tout ni . 

veau de cueillette de plantes vertes non 

ecimees pourrait permettre d'identifier )ef 

taux relatifs d'alcaloides associes arec le 

sechage et I'ectmage, encore que les etages 

de cueillette superieurs soient preferable, 

a cet egard. Cette technique oourrait titre 

appbouee a la selection geneti cue au sein 

de populations segreceantes et a la classy 

fication de materiaux genetiques . On evo. 

cue les acantages de cette technique ere 

matiere d'amelioration des vegetauc . ainsi 

cue I'emploi Possible de I'echantillonnaee 

de tissu cert de plantes ecimees pour predire 

les taux d'alcaloides des cultures commerctales 

de tabac seche . 

1679 PAxon, R .S .. Zttxn B .F . 

Resume d'auteur s 

IEn anglaa' Analyse genetique de 

diall2les pour les caracteres de la 

feuille et de Is fumee do tabac flue' 

cured . 

Tob Cher: Re, Co,- 19F1 .' p r 

a'bst r 

Ln ensemble diallel :auc a vino paren ' . 

e'clu-to- dr, t . . 

L' out con:erne le, tarotwns d,un :en2 :numbre 

do Cara, !er :s : : sues ch:rnmue, c , 

2347735

T 

i 

of sariation in all of these (except for pressure 

drop and weight of tobacco/ cigarette) 

,,as considerable and ANQVA suggested the 

p. esence of significant genotyp c variance 

S :atisncal treatment of the data b\ Grit 

i :ne s Model 11 . Method II analysis indicated 

ss¢mficant variance due to general combtmnc 

ability' with almost no genotype 

'ear interactions . General combining abilit\ 

estimates exceeded specific combining abib 

it, values in most cases indicating the 

n:a for importance of additive genetic var 

:ante c : controlling TPM. nicotine. aide. 

ht des \wet tar on a per cigarette basis, as 

\\e I as percent ash, total nitrogen, and 

cei!uose in the leaves., Wet tar'ehowed a 

:arce me n curs of non-additivity : this ma> 

Dc rssoctated with percent nicotine transfer 

of the to extreme alkaloid level parents, 

Loniyoo and D2 . The variance components 

., ::mates of general and specific combin 

_c abilities were often identical. for the 

two years. These results indicate that se 

ea:on for the above cigarette and leaf 

er:ables should be possible. The combinr: 

abilities results have been compared 

:th the Harman's Wr .Vr graphic results . 

and eenoivptc associations between smoke 

_ .' ether yar!ables have been characterzed 

GENETIQf'E ET SELECTION 

3680 RHoocs P .R., bit Y .S., Ku .'c S .D . 3630 

Nicotlana chloroplast genome. I . Chin' 

roplast DNA diversity . 

Alai. gen . Gene : . . 1981, 182.1, p. 106-11 . 

The chloroplast DNA restriction fragment 

patterns of se'eral higher plants from diferent 

classes, subclasses, orders, and lam - 

tiie \,ere examined. Regardless of the 

re>lncnon enzyme used . there were it,, 

s:maar:nes among these restrictions pat . 

cris .\\ ;thtn the genus .\tcot mite, ho\\e'er 

rnoc'. u' the rests::ton fragments \s er'a 

-om w a sre, :e, examined The Tes s 

'.;Dorm„- : :clime-it, remaining Mere dio- 

Jr;butsy;e v ::b respect to the tasonom)c 

class :i, ; a ;:ur. ui ' . :ror :~vc species E : : :mate s 

r. er_e-:ce bet'seen selected fami! :es 

ênera - spears \\e e u^. :a :ned us :nc 

do : :, ere'_ rum se\ :'a restr¢uon e :',- 

'\rr1: mY4terr> 

n :r : :t0!+ Si to-t . 


la feuille et de la fumee de tabac fluecured. 

L'eventail de variation pour I'cnsem . 

ble de ces caracteres la ]'exception de la 

chute de pression et du poids de tabac 

cig.) esI considerable et le test ANOVA 

suggere la presence dune variance genotvpique 

significative. Le traitement statist,que 

des donnees scion la meihode de Griffin 

modele II fait apparaitre une variance 

significative due a )'aptitude combinatoire 

generale sans pratiquement aucune inter 

action genotype x annee . Les estimations 

de I'aptitude combinatoire generale exce 

dent les valeurs de ]'aptitude combinatoire 

specifique dans ]a plupart des cas ce qui 

indique I'imponance de la variance genetioue 

additive dans la regulation de IS 

MPT . de la nicotine . des aldehydes . des 

woudrons humides/cigarette, ainsi que des 

tau' de cendres, N Total et cellulose dans 

les feuilles. Les goudrons humides presem 

tent on large spectre de non-addmvite . Out 

peui titre associe au faux the transfer de 

la nicotine des deux parents extremes pour 

he faux d'alcaloides . Lonibow et D2 . Lesti' 

mation des composants de IS vanance des 

aptitudes combmatoires generate ei spew 

fioue est souvent ider+tique pour les deux 

annees . Ces resultats indiquent que Ia se 

lection Pour his variables ci-dessus est 

possible . Les resu!tats concernant his apts . 

tudcs combinatoires ont etc compares aver 

ceus du graphique de Hayman 

des associations genoqpiques entre la to 

mee et d autres variables ont etc caracter.sees 

. 

RHODES P .R .. ZHt Y .S. Kcxc S .D . 

(En anolais) Cenome chloroplastlque 

de Nicotlana . I. Diversite du DNA chloroplastique 

. 

,Mot. gen . Gene : . . 1981 . 182-1, p . 106 .1 1 

On a examine )a configuration des fragmenis 

de restriction du DNA chloroplasuque 

de plusieurs veslelaux supeneurs . re 

presentam ddferentes classes sous-c!asse, 

ordres et families Independamment de I en 

zvme de restriction utilisee. it \ a pen 

de semi hordes entre cgs conftcura, ions . En 

revanche dams le ge-re S:eonane. Ia p!u- 

Darr des (-aliments de rests :coon sun! corn ' 

muss it toules le, esp.ce. Le a'JCique- 

[racmems non comm'i t' -, : Pare 

Danis Cr. fon-t,um d e 

nom .que de- esmr:e \trp-~~ : .. La, r `:nit 

ions de do ergence e-.: tamair 

es pt . e- cha ste' Ol+teniu, 

~s 

. r;cJ ; l t',{' I,an', ley dorrtt-a:'.lie' 

a par : :' 

P. c, : . . . to dt a : ; c'a : 

234773 6

I GENETICS 

3681 SLANA L .J . 

Reaction of Nf otisaa species to Me. 

Ioldogyne hapis . 

Phvroparhology, 1961, 71-7, p . 771, abstr . 

Reactions to Meloidogyne hapla of 58 Nico' 

itana species, 6 subspecies . and 2 N. tabs. 

cum cultivars were determined 8 weeks 

after inoculation of greenhouse-grown plants 

with approximately 790 freshly hatched larvae. 

Each accession was tested in a mini . 

mum of 9 replicated pots . Washed roots 

were indexed for root-galling on a scale of 

015 10 = no galling . 5 = severe galling) 

and the results artIvzed statistically . The 

eight most resistant species and their in . 

dices were` N. naudicauhs (2 .0), N. repanda 

(2 .5). N. benavidesti (2b) . N . mbacum cv . 

NC95 (2 .7). N. longif1dra'(2 .7), A. knightiana 

(2.71, A . hesperis (2 .8) . and A . nesophila 

12 .81. The remaining 50 species and cultivars 

had root-galling indices ranging from 

2 .9 to 4 .5. Susceptibility of 33 untested 

species was also determined . 

3682 SLA,ck L.I., StAreu JR . 

Identification of the chromosome car, 

rying the factor for resistance to Me 

loldogvne Incognita in tobacco . 

J . Nematof., 1981, 13.1, p . 61-6. 

Crosses were made between resistant tobacco 

. NC93 . as pollen parent and each 

of the 12 tobacco monosomics (A-L) re~ 

aresentattee of the Tomentosae half of the 

Aiconana mbacum chromosome comple . 

men, . Of the F seedlings. 927 plants were 

Grown for observation. From these. 223 

plants were selected as possible monosomics 

on the basis of morphological character . 

istics. These plants were self-pollinated, and 

the resulting F: plants were inoculated with 

both Al. incognita acrtra and .Al incognita 

incogmra. Sixteen F: populations, derived 

from the haplo-G monosome, were comp'.etele 

resistant. All of the F : populations 

deer ed from the other 11 monosomic Gros . 

ses segregated into a 3 :1 resistant-suscepi 

Ibles ratio These results indicate that the 

factor for resistance to Al incognita is 

located on the G chromosome of A' tobac:un 

The results are consistent with au 

t hors earner e' idence that .Al mcogm :c 

resistance toba; o is derived from A 

:onre'nos: a species In the section Tome', . 

,cso. of the subgenus Tabanmt . genus .N ; . 

coua ia The other 12 chromosomes of A 

',cho- : ": hate afhniues anh A' si!res:ns 

section .4 :a:cc subgenus Pcnmordes genus 

x Ico : :a9s, 

F.o'i: Aid hots S . .+m ..o, 


AND BREEDIN G 

3681 SLANA L J . 

(En anglais) Reactions des expects NI 

cotana it Meloidogyne hapla. 

Phytopathology, 1981, 71.7, p . 771 . abst r 

On a determine Its reactions is M . hapla 

de 56 espects Nieoiiana, 6 sousespeces et 

2 cv. de N. mbacum. 8 semaines apres inoculation 

des plantes on serre avec environ 

790 lanes fraichement ecloses . Chaque ter . 

me de l'essai a Cie rtplique dans en mi 

nimum de 9 vases de vegetation . Les raci . 

ties lavees ont ete cotees de 0 a 5 pour 

la formation de galles, et Yes resultats analyses 

statistiquement. Les huh especes Its 

plus resistantes sont : N. naudlcaulis (in 

dice de galles : 2), N. repanda f2 .51. N 

benavidesii (2 .6), N. tabacum cv . NC95 (27 i . 

N. longiflora (2,71, N. knighnana (2.7), N . 

hesperis (2,8) et N. nesophila (2,8) . Les cmquante 

especes et c% . restarts ont des in. 

dices de galles compris entre 2.9 Cl 4 .5 . 

La sensibih to de 33 especes non soumises 

a I'essai a egalement ete determines . 

3682 SLANA L.J ., SuvrLt' JR . 

(En anglais) Identification du chro 

mosome comportant It fscteur de resistance 

a Meloldogyne Incognita chez 

It tabac . 

J. Nemaroi .. 1981, 13-I, p . 61a . 

Des croisements oni ete faits entre It to 

bac resistant NC95 comme parent male ei 

chacun des 12 monosomiques de tactic (AL) 

representaufs de Its Mollie Tomenfosae du 

complement chromosamique de A'icotiana 

iabacum. Parmi Its plantules F„ 927 plan 

Its oni ete cultivees pour observation . Deux 

cent vingtarois d'entre elles ont etc se 

lectionnees comme monosomiques possibles 

sur la base de ]ours caracteres morpholo 

giques. Ces planes ont Cie autopoilinisees 

et Its F: resultantes ont Cie inoculees a 

Ia foes avec .Al rncognrta acnia et Al. ,co . 

grata mcoenuc. Seize Populations F : . den 

sees be monosome haplo-G sort apparues 

Iotalemen resistanies. Touter Its populations 

F, derv ees des 11 autres croisemen is 

monosomiques ont segreve selon un rap' 

port resistance senstbihte be 3 .1 . Ces resu;tats 

ind ;quenl que le facteur de res :s:ance 

a Al mcoemta esI suue Sc : Ic chromosome 

G be 's aben.ro 1), conf .rmen: unc p:,cedente 

observation des auteurs icier. fanuelie 

la resistance a Al ;vror : : :e dans 

Ic tactic es; dent cc be \ :0' :6: rose tine 

espece de a section To'' : c' ::osac be sues' 

cenre Tahanri, genre 1. ico ::cnc Les 1' as 

Tres ,chromosomes be A mbacum ont des 

o` : :n:u's are, % Sc), etrrls section A ;ora, 

sues-genre Petunoide genre A rconm : c 

Eis esanc daureur , 

o ; 2347737 

T

ToMITA H . . SATO M ., KAWASHIMA N . 

Inheritance of labAdnnold producing 

ability in Nlcotlana tabacum . 

Agnc. biol. Chem., 1980, 4410, p. 2517 . 

8 . 

Galpao I and Coker 139 were used for 

parent plants with and without labdanoids, 

respectively. F, hybrids of Coker x Galpao 

and backcrosses were obtained by ordinan' 

crossing methods . The F, progenies were 

obtained by self-pollination of F, plants . 

Am varieties which contain labdanoids 

alone have vet to be detected. The search 

for a A. iabacum varies' containing labdanotd 

but nor thumberganoid, is another 

interesting area for study . 


3o54 NI'LLEMs G .J ., MOLENDIJK L., OoMs G . 

a l 

Retention of tumor markers in F, 

progeny plants from in vitro induced 

octopine and nopafine tumor tissues . 

Cell. 1981, 243, p. 719.27 . 

Tumorous tobacco shoots have been deriv . 

ed from callus tissues produced by 

Agrobacrer,um rumefanens-induced transfor 

mauon of tobacco protoplasts and by 

fusion of normal protoplasts with those 

from crown gall tumors . The continued 

presence of T-DNA sequences in shoots is 

directis demonstrated by Southern blotting 

and is also revealed by the presence of 

the tumor markers octopine and nopaline . 

When grafted onto normal tobacco plants, 

both ociopme and nopalineaype shoots (including 

those from somatic hybrids) produred 

flowers and set seed . Germination of 

these seeds gave F . progeny that showed 

retention of morphological markers of their 

parental shoots, and one seedling retained 

the ability to synthesize nopaline . The data 

demonstrate that T-DNA markers can be 

retained during metosis and are expressed 

in F plants . 


3tE' Aco x 

tin Chinese, Tobacco hybrid plants 

by species somatic cells hybridization . 

Sc : .4rncol Si' : . 19(1 . ! . p 1- 4 

P-otoplasts from fresh leaf of common 

tobacco IAtcor:mta rebaom: ' and Aztec 



, 

109 

3683 TOMITA H ., SATO M ., KAWASHIMA N . 

(En anglais) Transmission gtnttlque 

de Is capacite de produlre des labdsnoides 

cbez Nlcotlana tabacum . 

Agric. biol. Chem ., 1980. 4410, p . 2517 . 

On a utilise comme plantes parentes Gal . 

pao 1 et Coker 139 . respectivement pour 

Ives et depourvues de labdanoides. Les 

hvbrides F, Coker x Galpao, et !curs TO 

trocroisements, ont He obtenus scion Its 

methodes classiques. Les descendants F . 

ont Cie obtenus par auto-pollimsation des 

plantes F. Reste a deceler maintenant les 

varietes ne contenant que les labdanoides . 

De meme, la recherche dune var . contenant 

les labdanoides mais non les thumberganoides 

constitue egalemeni tin sujet d'inte . 

ret . 

Extr. resume d'aureurs . 

3684 WL'LLEMS G .J . . MOLENOIJK L .. OOHS G . 

& al . 

(En anglaa) Retention des marqueurs 

tumoraux chez Its descendants vegetaux 

F, de ttsam tumoraux a octoplne 

et nopaline, formes in vitro . 

Cell. 1981, 243 . p . 719 .27 . 

Des pousses de tabac tumoral ont the formees 

a partir de issus de cal . proyenani 

eux-memes de la transformation, par .4gro' 

bacterium mmefanens, de protoplastes de 

tabac et de la fusion de protoplastes nor" 

maux avec ces derniers. On met en evi 

dence directement, par le test de Southern , 

la presence continue de sequences de T- 

DNA daps ces pousses, ce qui revele ega' 

lement les marqueurs tumoraux . ocmpme 

et nopaline. Greffees sur planle normale, 

les pousses de type octopme et de type nopaline 

fy compns celles des hvbrides somatiquesl 

prodwsent des fleurs et donrent 

des sentences . La germination de cellesci 

donne one descendance F, manifestant 

une retention des marqueurs morphologi . 

ques des pousses parentes . Tune des plantules 

retenant la capaate de svnthetiser 

la nopaline . Ces donnees prouveni que les 

marqueurs de T'D.NA peuvent etre rete 

nus au tours de la melose et gulls sexpriment 

chez les F . 


368'_ Aco x 

(En chmo,si Plantes hvbrides de tar 

bac obtenues par hybridation soma . 

tique de cellules interspecifiques . 

Sn Agncol. Si' : .. 19SI 1 . P 1-7 

Des protoplasiet de feuille fraiche de is 

bac courant t% :roum:c raban,n, et de t o 

2347738

tobacco M. rustical are isolated by enzyme 

and the fusion and induction are made by 

po'y'ethylene glvcol IMW 6 .000) and high 

calciferous solution With high pH value to 

regenerate into plants . The morphological 

characters of the hybrid plants are an 

intermediate form of both parents and 

their chromosome numbers are aneuploid . 

Front Authors' English Summary . 

J1AGRONOMY-GENk A L 

See also : 3616, 3630, 3646, 3698, 3699 

and title ref .' : 3861-388 6 

368e BALAGOPAL K ., TRIPATHI S .N ., UMAMAHESe 

ARA RAO M. & al . 

Performance of certain flue-cured var . 

ieties under varying levels of NPK 

after khartf gingell) . 

lYth Not. Symp. Tob .. Raiahmundry, 

1981 . p . 42. abstr . 

Studies were made in heavy black clay soil 

at Central Tobacco Research Institute Research 

Station, Guntur. The results revealed 

that the variety Va-12 is superior to the 

evstine culnvars tried in this investications 

as it has manifested about 28 and 37 per. 

cent higher cured leaf yield and TBLE . 

respecuzeh, over the standard variety . 

CTRI Special . It is also evident from the 

findings that varieties have not exhibited 

am differential response to fertilizer level . 

since their average performance is judged 

to be good with 40 :40:40 kg NPK/ha, and 

the same dose is proved to be more economical 

as against lower doses after gingeb 

lc . 

3687 Eserso E, CAPOTE E., SANTIESTEBAN J . 

(In Spanish) Escambray-70 ., a new 

dark tobacco varlet' for culture with . 

out cover (cultivo al soil . 

Crenc Ten: Aerrc 1980. 32, p 2942 

Escambrav .70 .is a product from a cross 

bei\ een a hybrid in progress ( P\\ I .. lint, 

and the Habano Ligero , varier ., screened 

by eenealo¢\ for 7 'ears It is hreh :A 

resistant to Ph-. rop'nho,c pcrasrucc Dasmr 

tar -tyro : :elmc~ Breda de Haan causinc the 

black shamk disease resistant hs h, per 

sees : o :hn to the Tobacco .Mosali A r :vn 

5:ra :n Set era de Cuba tT\t\ sc- anti has 


AGRONOMY-GENERA L 

110 

bac azteque (N . rustica) sent isoles par 

vole enzvmatique. Lcur fusion et )cur ae' 

veloppement sent assures par I'emploi de 

polvethvlene glvcol (poids moleculaire 60001 

et dune solution riche en calcium, a pH 

eleve . Pour les regenerer en plantes . Les 

caracteres morphologiques des hvbrides correspondent 

a une forme intermediaire em 

tre les deux parents et lour nombre chromosomique 

est aneuploide . 

D'apres resume anglais d'auieurs . 

AGRONOMIE-GENERALITES 

Voir aussr : 3616, 3630, 3648 . 3698, 3699 

et rel. signal. : 3861388 6 

3686 BALAGOPAL K ., TRIPVHI S .N . . UMAMAHES' 

MARA RAO M. & al . 

(En anglais) Performance de certatnes 

varletei flue-cured, en rotation avec 

le sesame et an fonction de dlfferents 

nlveaux de fertilisation NPK. 

11 ih Nat. Symp. Tob., Raiahmundr, . 

1981, p. 42, abstr . 

Les essais ont etc faits sur sol noir argileux 

lourd, a la Station de Recherche de 17nstitut 

Central du Tabac, a Guntur . Les 

resultats montrent que la var . Va-12 est 

supeneure aux c' . existants. avec 26 e : 

37 on- d'amelioration, respectirement pour 

cc qui concerne le rendement de feuilles 

sechees et It rendement en equivalent total 

de tabac Bright . par rapport au temoin 

CTRI Special . I) apparait aussi que les var . 

testees ne se differencient pas par leur 

reaction aux doses d'engrais. )curs perfor . 

mances movennes etant )ugees bonnes avec 

40 :40:40 kg de NPK/ha . Cette dose esi 

jugee plus rentable que des doses plus far 

bles pour la culture du tabac apres le se . 

same . 

368, ESPi so E . . CAPOTE E . . SANTIESTEBA\ ) 

(En espagnoh Escambray-70, nouvelle 

variete de tabac nolr pour )a culture 

au solell . 

Crenc Ten; Asr.'c 1980 . 3.2, p . 29:' 

Escambra' 70 est issue dun croisement en 

it, un h,,,rick' mif au a : :uell,ement 

hcnee P%% 11 e: la vat Habanu Lirero s, 

lecuonnec par !a me : hode Qeneaio: ;aoe 'edat 

a 

,,:ante a 

cm:c :a : rests:antc par hvper .ea.s:htl A 

,ouch; ses ire c'_'oaine or T\l\' T%l\ sc 

r, presen :e sac po:enue: de rendemen : ire ' 

2347739 

I

T 

a significantly higher yielding potential 

compared with other dark tobacco varieties 

.:'cured in Cuba (50 0o higher). Besides . 

it is the first Cuban vaneny which combines 

a high yielding potential (2300 kg/ha) with 

an oraanoleptic quality very similar to 

that of traditional Cuban dark tobacco . On 

the other hand, . Escambrav-70 could 

develop about 28 leaves with profitable size 

(Medium size) meeting the industrial requirements 

for cigar filler and wrapper tobacco 

. Also. it is an excellent stuff for the 

cigarette industry. Escambray-70 . is 

recommended for culture without cover (in 

the sun) with leaves priming or mixed 

harvesting systems . preferably -on irrigated 

clat soils . 

From Authors' English Summar y 

3688 HASIANrRA H ., OHASNI Y . . SATO M . 

al . 

In Japanese) Breeding of l a 

new mild flue-cured tobacco variety 

with multiple disease resistance . 

Bull. Nola Tob. Exp. Stn, 1981, 13, 

p. 1d9 . 

F 224 was selected from a cross between 

P212 and MCB 12 by the haploid breeding 

method. The performance of F224, in comcarison 

with MCI . is summarized as folwxws 

growth in seedbed slightly slower 

ìotsermg two or three days later ; two 

or three more leaves ; internode length 

longer and leaf angle to stalk smaller 

'.eat es relatively narrow and small ; relativeh 

small quantity of ground suckers (about 

half as much as MCI) ; dny matter weight 

ter plant and nitrogen uptake greater at 

the maturing stage ; leaf color retattvely 

deep and slow to turn to light in the field 

IF224, however. cures easily and has similar 

curing properties). Cured leaves have 

aright orange color and reduced percentage 

of grey leaves ; slightly higher yield and 

quarto ; total alkaloids and total nitrogen 

contents of cured leaves slightly higher and 

total soluble sugar content relatively low 

leaf both slightly thinner and no great dif' 

ferences in midrib proportions ; weight of 

cutter leaf sliahil> heavier . but weight of 

smoking leaf lighter. There is no great dif' 

lerence in smoking qualities between F223 

and \IC I . and both varieties have mild 

emok:rr_ properties F 224 is htehly resistan t 

P01dcn mildets tobacco mosaic virus . 

. cc,era'. It and black shank, and modem 

r :c,' res :stan : to black root ro t 

F'o'r: Aidhm's- Engittlr Summon 


AGRONOMIE-GENERALITE S 

Ill 

superieur (50 N) a celui des autres var . de 

tactics noirs cultivees dans File. C'est en 

outre Is premiere var . cubaine a associer 

tin haul rendement (2300 kg/ha) avec des 

qualites organoleptiques tres semb)ables a 

celles du tabac noir cubain traditionne! . 

Escambra -70 developpe environ 28 feuiiies 

Of faille moy9enne, correspondant aux prescriptions 

industrielles pour Its capes et If 

tabac de remplissage de cigares . Cest egale' 

ment un excellent tabac de rempbssage 

pour 1'industrie de la cigarette On recommande 

de cultiver Is nouvelle car en plein 

solcil, avec tin svsteme de recolte mute 

ou en feuilles, de preference sur sot argi. 

leux irrigue. 

D'apres resume anglais d'auieurs . 

3688 HAAU\ivRA H ., OHASHI Y .. SAID M & 

al . 

(En japonais) Selection de F224, nouvelle 

varlete de tabac flue-cured doux 

possedant la resistance a diverses maladies 

. 

Bull )Nam Tob . Exp Stn, 1981, 13 . 

P, 1-19 . 

F 224 a the selectionnee a partir dun croisement 

de F 212 avec MCB 12, selon la me 

thode haploide La nouvelle var . presence, 

par comparaison avec le temoin MCI . les 

caractensuques suivantes ' une crorssan 

cc legerement plus lente en pepiniere : 

une floratson plus tardite de deux-trots 

lours ; deux-trots feuilles supplementaires 

des emre-ncluds plus longs et un angle 

d'insertion plus ferme de )a feuille sur is 

tige ; des feuilles relativement etroites e ; 

petites ; one faible quanme de drageons 

imottte mains que MC II ; un pot s de 

MSlplante et one absorption de N plus 

importants a Inatome I une couleur de 

feuille foncee et pew rapide a s'etlaircrr en 

champ tmats une mime facilne a secher e: 

des caractensnques de sechage sembla' 

blest ; des feuilles sechees de couleur 

orange vtf atec one proportion reduite de 

feuilles grises ; rendement et qualite legerement 

supeneurs t des teneurs en alcaloides 

I otaux et N rota! legerement supeneures 

une teneur en sucres solubles iota ut relativemenc 

plus bassi ; un . corps - (char 

re legerement plus mince et pew de dd 

ferences dans les proportion, cotes pare r 

chyme on poids de feuille= ted :aner 

hau 

tes legerement supeneut e; de mcd :anez 

legerement tnferieur peu do dtl : erence> 

en cc qui cuncerne les qua'ites d; 

les deut arieles eta,, du~.e mu ~'u 

mace F22; es : ire; rest5tante a E"Pr' : . 

ricito!ac,a,- . .I' a 7\l\ Psc ido' of rs so:c 

ncrec run. Pitt :o01:1i)01c pa', cs:nrc o- . 

conenc . c ; muderemenI rests ;ante a Thu 

atiorsil .b .>Ico :c 

Dapies Ie ,''tc o'iL':a6 dan:em s 

2347740

3689 HUNT P .G ., CAMPBELL R.B., Ses R .E . 

& al . i 

Flooding-induced soil and plant ethylene 

accumulation and water status 

response of field-grown tobacco . 

Plant Soil, 1981, 59.3, p . 42739 , 

Ethylene (C,H.) accumulation in flooded soil 

was related to oxygen (Oil . redox potential 

(Ehl. and flooding rate. The water status 

response of tobacco (Nicoriana tabacum) 

to these conditions was evaluated from 

stem diameter, relative water content, leaf 

water potential, ant C .H. content of leaf 

tissue. Twatments were : flooded with 

either 0, 5, or 15 cm of water per day for 

o days. By the third da_v, 0 : in the soil 

decreased to less than 9 %o in treatments 

flooded with 5 or 15 cm of water . When 

0 : in the soil air was less than 9 N and 

redox potential (Eh) was less than + 150 mv, 

most of the soil air samples contained 

some C,H. and 16 %a contained more than 

r ppm. Very little C1H . was present in 

soil when 0 : exceeded 9 %o . Tobacco leaf 

C :H. peaked 3 days after flooding and then 

declined to the preflooding level a day 

later, one day ahead of the rapid increase 

in soil C,H .. Wilting developed progressiv . 

ely beginning with the rise of C,H. in the 

soil ; leaf water potential, stem diameter, 

and relative leaf water content, all were 

decreased . Soil- and plant-produced C,H . 

are suggested as factors in reducing root 

permeability and increasing resistance to 

water uptake by tobacco . 

Authors' Summary, 

3690 PRASASSA SIMHA RAO G .S .B ., MOSES 

J .S .L., BM.AGOPAL K. & al . 

Breeding for early maturing, high 

yielding and better quality chewing 

tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) for 

Tarnllnadu . 

71;4 Ka: Svmp Tab . Ra;ahmundrv . 

1981, p 56 . abstr 

Ad, anced breeding lines viz . HV 72-12 . H\' 

7213 H\' 72.14 ongmaune from a cross 

between 1-115 (earls maturing sun-cured 

chew mg Meenampalavam carlervi and P\' .7 

were assessed curinc three seasons under 

replicated trials Based on these results 

earl matunne promising lines viz HV 72 


AGRONOMY-GENERA L 

112 

3689 HUNT P .G ., CAMPBELL R .B., Stu" R-E 

& al , 

(En anglais) Accumulation d'ethylene 

dens Is plante at dans It soli due a 

l'tnondatlon ; reaction bydrlque du 

tabac tultlve an champ . 

Plant Soil, 1981, 59.3, p . 427 .39, 

L'accumulation d'ethylene dans un sol inonde 

est lice a la teneur du Sol en oxygenic . 

a son potentiel redox et au niveau dinondauon. 

La reaction hydrique de N :cot.ana 

tabacum a de telles conditions a etc cialuee 

d'apres It diametre de la tige . la te. 

neur en eau, It potentiel hvdrique des 

feuilles ei la teneur en ethylene du tissu 

foliaire. Les essais suivants ont etc faits : 

inondation avec 0. 5 ou 15 cm d'eau-jour 

pendant 6 jours . Au bout du 3e lour . Foxy. 

gene du so] s'abaisse a moles de 9 °o avec 

Its deux niveaux d'inondation (5 et 15 cm) . 

Lorsque l'oxygene present dans le sol est 

en dessous de 9 %o et que le potentie] 

redox est inferieur a - 150 mv, la 

plupart des echantillons de so] presentem 

une certaine teneur en ethylene ; 16 °o 

d'entre eux en ont plus de 6 ppm. II v en a 

en revanche tres peu quand l oxvgene du 

so] depasse 9 %o . L'ethvlene des feuilles 

de tabac atieint un plc trois jours apres 

I'inondation, puts decline au mveau pre' 

cedant I 'inondation un jour plus tard . c'esta-dire 

un jour avant l'accroissement rapide 

de ]'ethylene dans le sol . Le fletrissement 

de la plante Se developpe progressivement 

a Pamir du moment oat I 'ethylene du so] 

augmente, et Landis que le potentiel hydrique 

de It feuille, It diametre de Ia tise 

et la teneur en eau de la feuille se mettent 

a diminuer. On pense que cet ethylene, produn 

dans fair du so) ou dans la Plante, 

est un facteur qui reduit Ia penneabilite 

racinaire et augmente Ia resistance de la 

plante a ]'absorption d'eau . 

Resume dauteur s 

3690 PRASANNA SLMHA Rio G .S .B .. Moses 

J .S .L ., BALAGOPAL K. & a l 

(En anglais) Selection d'une varlete 

de tabac a macher a maturation precoce, 

a fort rendemeni ei meilleure 

qualite. pour le Tamllnadu . 

11th Nat. Si-nip Tob RuN :,,mnd?, 

1981. p 5c, abs ;r 

Des lignees de selection avancee H\' 72 !-- 

H\ 7111 ei HV 7:)4 issues dc- cro.sc 

men ; emre 1.115 uar precoce Or tabac a 

macher se-he au sole!]- e : P\'7 on; a„' 

estees pendant trois raisons en essais ale, 

repenuom Dacres ces essais, les hgnees 

promeneuses H\ 213 e; HV 72 14, plu s 

2347741 1 

Ii

14. and HV 72-13 (10 .15 days early) in comparison 

to PV-7 control),~were tested for 

Three consecutive seasons'in Tamilnadu . Results 

revealed that HV 72-Id registered maximum 

yield with a 13 .7 % increase over 

P\7 as against 6 .2 % increase in respect 

of H\' 72 .14. Thus, line HV 72-13 has super . 

seded the existing cultivars in view of its 

desirable traits ; besides enduring draught . 

earliness character facilitates a timely tak- 

:ng up of profitable crop such as Cholam 

succeeding tobacco . 

3691 WHITE F .E ., PANDEYA R .S . 

Delhi 76 Bright tobacco . 

Can . 1. Plant Sci ., 1981 ; 613, p . 791-3 . 

Delhi 76 is a new bright (flue-cured) to- 

Daeo to icotimta rabacum L .) with superior 

vet . reduced ground sucker development . 

beer 

tld 

quality, more easily cured leaf and 

higher disease tolerance than Delhi 34, the 

presently recommended flue-cured cultivar 

in Ontario. ]I was licensed on 19 Nov . 1976 . 

Breeder seed of Delhi 76 is maintained by 

Agriculture Canada . Research Station, Delhi, 

Ontari o 

3692 NHiTFIELD D .M ., CONNOR D .J . 

Architecture of individual plants in a 

field-grown tobacco crop . 

Ausi. J. Plant Physiol., 1980, 7-4, p. 415- 

33 . 

The three-dimensional display of each leaf 

of a number of adjacent plants was measurec 

with a spatial coordinate apparatus on 

fite occasions during the growth of a to 

bacco crop . Several architectural characterrsacs 

of the foliage display were estimated 

from these data . .A truncated ellipsoid adeouatels 

described plant extent and allowed 

the calculation and analysis of vertical profiles 

of leaf area distribution within the 

p .an : solume. Foliage densities ranged between 

5 and 12 m in small plants and 

in the upper regions of large . plants . Plants 

st :h leaf areas in excess of 0 .E m' had a 

leaf area density of approximately 3.2 m- 

Ic ma:ure crops the foliage extended 

further into the inter-row space than into 

:hc space occupied 'os neighboring plants 

i^ the row Mean leaf angle as 40' and 

elr . anon dutnbunons were remarkably simaar 

:hrouehout crow th and development 

Fv ; :aer incnnauon consistent), decreased 

s~itn dep:h in the canopy Az:muth diem 



113 

pprecoces de 10 a 15 fours par rapport a 

PV'-7, ont etc testees a nouveau pendant 

trois saisons dans le Tamilnadu . 11 en ressort 

que HV 72-13 possede le meilleur ren 

dement, superieur de 13,7 % par rapport a 

PV-7, contre one amelioration de 6.2 % pour 

HV 72 .14. Ainsi, HV 72.13 a surclasse les 

cv . existants. Outre sa resistance a is secheresse. 

sa precocity permet de program . 

mer, en rotation avec le tabac, des cultures 

profttables telles que le mil . 

3691 WHITE F .H ., PANDEYA R .S . 

(En anglais) le tabac Bright Delld 76 . 

Can. J. Plant Sci ., 1981, 613, p . 791-3 . 

Delhi 76 est tin nouveau cultivar de tabac 

jaune (Nicortana rabacum L .) qui possede 

on rendement superieur, moms de drageons . 

one meilleure qualite, une feuille plus facilement 

sechable, et one plus grande tolerance 

aux maladies que Delhi 34, le cW . 

tivar actuellement recommande en Ontario . 

11 a etc homologue le 19 novembre 1976 . 

La semence du selectionneur est conserves 

par la Station de Recherches agricoles de 

Delhi (Ontario) . 

3692 WHITFIELD D .N . . CONNOR D .J . 

(En anglais) Architecture des planter 

Individuelles dans une culture de ta . 

bac an champ . 

Aust . J. Plant Phvsiol., 1980 . 7-4 . p . 415- 

33 . 

Le deploiement tridimensionnel de chaque 

feuille dun certain nombre de plantes ad . 

jacentes a etc mesure a l'aide d'un appareil 

a coordonnees spatiales . en cinq occasions 

au yours de la croissance vegetale . Plusieurs 

caracteristiques architecturales du 

feuillage ont etc estimees d'apres ces donnees. 

Un elhpsoide tronque deem adequatement 

I'extension de la planie et perme : 

)e calcul et I'analyse des profils verticaux 

de repartition de la surface foliaire. a 

I inteneur du volume de la plante . Les den 

sites foliaires sont comprises ent re 5 e : 

12 m chez les petites planies e ; dans Its 

parties superteures des plantes plus rran 

des. Les plantes done la surface ioi :arre 

e\cede 0$ m on: one densne foi ;at re den 

vtron 3.2 in . Darts les cultures a matur :te 

le feu :! :ar s eiend pluto : daps lei inter'. a . 

Its entre rangy que dans ies espaces occu 

on par deux plantes soismes sur )e ranc 

L angle fol ;a:re mos en es: de 30 ei )a r 

par : . 

des e)es aeons es : remarquable-

uttons of foliage p-ere not significantly 

different from that of a uniform distribution 

. 


3693 WHITFIEL.D D .M ., C0NN0R D .1 . 

Diurnal variation in physical attributes 

associated with photosynthesis of a 

tobacco canopy . 

Au4t . 1. Plant Pbysiof ., 1980, 74 . p . 463- 

17. 

Diurnal chances in vertical profiles of sunlit 

foliage and distributions of the angle 

between the leaves and the sun were derived 

from computer representations of the 

actual foliage display of a tobacco crop . 

The crop was anal zed at five stages of 

development . Diurnal variations in the proportion 

of sunlit leaf area were significant 

only at lower solar elevations . For a large 

part of the day, most of the foliage of 

small. isolated plants was directly lit, 

whereas the proportion of beam-lit foliage 

fell to approximately 0.4 in larger crops . 

The distributions of sunlit foliage with respect 

to the leaf-beam angle were used to 

assess the efficiency with which photosvnthetically 

active radiation was captured by 

the component layers of the crop . At each 

stage of development, larger proportions 

of sunlit foliage at intermediate and higher 

leaf-beam angles coincided with higher solar 

elevations. Sunlit leaf area and its distribution 

with respect to the leaf-beam an . 

ele were also estimated with a model of 

the foliage display of tobacco plants . The 

model accounted for the presence and 

influence of neighboring plants in the crop . 


3094 l AMADA T ., NAAATOGAMA H .. SuzLxi M 

& a t 

Qn Japanese, Development and the 

official varlets test of black shank 

resistant tobacco variety, N 303 . 

B :d: 1 . . c :c Tab Etc Sn : . 19F1 . 13 . 

N30 ; is . de', eroped .`ro .^ he cross bent eer. 

Ens: doer- :,: air-cu: cd \tam moth type 


AGRONOMY-GENERAL 

114 

ment identique durant Is croissance et le 

developpement. L'inclinaison foliaire diminue 

regulierement avec la profondeur du 

couvert vegetal. La repartiuon azimutale 

des feuilies nest pas tres differente dune 

repanition uniforme . 

Eztr. resume d'auteurs . 

3693 WHITFIEID D .M ., CONNOR DJ . 

(En anglais) Variation diurne des attribute 

physiques de Is plante assovies 

A Ia photosynthese clans It cas 

dun couvert vegetal de tabac . 

Aust. J. Plant Phvsiol., 1980, 74, p . 463 . 

72 . 

Les modifications diurnes des profile yerti . 

caux du feuillage ensoleille et la repartition 

des angles feuilles-soleil om ete calculees 

a partir de representations. simulees sur 

ordinateur, du deplolement reel du feuillage 

dune culture de tabac . Celle-ci a ete 

analysee a cinq stades de developpement . 

Les variations diurnes de la surface foliaire 

ensoleillee ne sont significatives que 

lorsque It soleil est bas . Pendant la plus 

Grande partie du jour . la majeure partie du 

ieuillage des plantes petites et isolees est 

directemem exposee a la lumiere . tandis 

que cette proportion tombe a environ 0 .4 

dans Ics cultures plus developpees . La re 

partition de l'ensoleillement foliaire en fond 

t ion de Tangle feuille .rayon a ete utihsee 

pour etablir ayec ouelle efficacite les radiations 

photosynthetiquement actives sont 

capturees par les differentes couches de la 

culture. A chaque Slade de cievclopperneni . 

une plus grande proportion d'ensoleillemem 

foliaire. pour des angles feuille-rayon 

moyens et supeneurs, se trouve coincider 

avec Its posittons Its plus elevees du so . 

leil. La surface foliaire ensoleillee et sa 

repanition en fonction de V angle feuillerayon 

a egalement ere estimee d'apres un 

modele du deploiement foliaire des plan . 

its. Le modele prend en compte la presence 

et influence des plantes voismes daps la 

culture . 

Exrr. resume d'au,eur s 

3694 YkMAOA T ., NAKATOCAwA H_ St Zt'M NI 

al . 

(En taponats, Mise all point et caracteristiques 

lors du test varietal of . 

ficiel de Is variete N 303 resistar.te a 

Phytophihora parasitica var. nicotianae. 

B : .!!. In ate Ton Ecp S :' 190 : 13 

p 93 .5 7 

N303 est issue dun cro:se.ment ate: re : co . 

crotsemen : ent re Enshu ttar. au-cured a , 

2347743 

I

T 

aner

AGRONOMY-FERTILIZATION 

3696 COMBER R . 

See also :r3686 . 375 3 

The effect of water apply on the 

growth of limit, Palotlna and Amaretinho 

tobaccos . 

Beirr. Tabakforsch. int., 1981, 11-2 . 

p . 99-105 . 

The Oriental tobacco variety Izmir has 

been grown in sand culture to a greenhouse 

under various degrees of water stress 

Plants given 400 cm' of- water (or nutrient 

solution) twice a week produced leaves of 

approximately the same size as field-grown 

Izmir tobacco, but they were somewhat 

taller. Plants given 25 cm' or less of water 

twice a week, died and those given more 

than 400 cm" of water twice a week grew 

larger than field-grown Izmir tobacco . At 

49 days after transplanting the total leaf 

area was approximately proportional to 

the amount of water supplied, at least in 

the range 100-1,600 cm' . In a second water 

stress experiment, the growth patterns of 

the varieties Amarelinho and Palotina . which 

are not normally grown in conditions of 

water stress, were found to be different 

from that of Izmir. Izmir was more tolerant 

of water stress than the other two varieties . 

in that complete but small) plants develop . 

ed in a shorter time . 


3697 FAt S .M . 

Effects of some cultural practices on 

yield and quality of Flue-cured tobac. 

co at Kenana Research Station . 

1. agric. Sea., 1980, 95;2-10, p . 4239 . 

In Expts I and 2 effects of N, topping 

and sucker :ne were studied Leaf area was 

increased bs N and toppme in both exper . 

iments Suckering sigmflcanih decreased, 

and s_hght) increased, the area in Expts I 

and 2 respecas el+ The number of leaves 

per plant was increased b, topping and 

suckennc in Expt I but decreased bt both 

:n Exp : 2 . N decreased the number of leaf es 

in both exper :men ; s '1eld of cured leaf 

was Increased b, all three factors in Expi I 

and bt suckering onl) to Exp ; 2 whereas 


116 

AGRONOMIE-FERTILISATION 

3696 COMBER It . 

Voir aussi : 3686, 375 3 

(En anglais) Influence de 1'apport 

d'eau sur Is croisaance des tabacs 

Izmir, Palatine at Amarelinho . 

Beirr. Tabakforsch. inv ., 1981 . 11 .2 . 

p . 99-105 . 

La variete de tabac d'Orient Izmir a ete 

cultivee en serve, sur culture sablonneuse . 

It soumise a differentes contraintes hydriques. 

Les plantes ayant requ 400 cm' deau 

(ou de solution nutritive) deux lots par 

semaine, ont produit des feuilles dune grandeur 

a peu pres equivalents a celles du 

tabac Izmir cultive en champs . mays ces 

plantes etaient un peu plus hautes . Les 

plantes avant regu 25 cm' deau, ou moms . 

deux Pots par semaine, sent mortes . It 

celles avant re9u plus de 400 cm' deux lots 

par semaine ont eu one croissance supe 

rieure a celle des plantes culuvees en 

champs. Ouarante-neuf jours Blares trans 

plantation. is surface totale des feuilles de 

chacune des plantes elan a peu pres proportionne4e 

a la quantite d'eau darrosage . 

du moms entre 100 It 1600 cm' . Lars 

dune seconde experience de stress hydri . 

que, on a constate que les types de crotssance 

des varietes Amarelinho It Palotina . 

non soumtses en general aux contramtes 

hydriques. etaient differents de celui dIzmir 

. Izmir tolere mieux ces contraintes que 

les deux suites varietes, en cc sens que les 

plantes completes (mais plus petites) se developpent 

plus rapidement . 

Resume d'auteu r 

3697 FARAH S .M . 

(En anglais) Influence de cerulnes 

pratiques culturales sur le rendement 

It Is quallte du tabac flue-cured a 

Is Station de Recherches de Kenana . 

1. agric. Sc : .. 1980, 95,2 .10. p 4239 , 

Lors des essais I It 2. on a etudie 'jr . 

. de Iecirnaee It Ifluence de Iazotede 

1eboureeonnernen; La surface (u a :re ces : 

trousee accrue par le N e ; 1 ec;a,agr Ion 

des deux essa :s . tandis que lebourceonnewent 

a nettement d :m:nue et ireeremenaucmente 

cette surface rrspe : :t e,Îe lor" 

den essay I It . Le nombre de feuilles 

plante a etc arena pa- 1enmare e : I ebou : . 

2eonnemen; lors de lessai I mac d ;m ;nue 

par ces pratlques dans lessor 2. Le N 

a d :m:nur be nombre de leu :lles clans le s 

2347745

I 

both N and topping slightly decreased the 

yield in the latter expe*nent. Quality was 

rgmfsantly lowered by the higher rate of 

\' while generally improved by topping and 

suckering. In Expts 3 and 4, effects of 

o!ant density, N and stage of suckering 

..ere studied . The yield of cured leaf was 

increased by the higher plant density. by 

a and 15 °o, and decreased by the higher 

dose of N . by 15 and 7 4, in Expts 3 and 

4 respectively . Early suckering was beneficia! 

in Expt 3 (16 °v), but harmful in 

Eypt 4 (8 %). Leaf quality was decreased 

bt the higher rate of N, but improved by 

.be higher plant density . Time of removal 

u' suckers had no I nificant effect on 

tied or qualiy. In Expts 5 and 6 effect s 

supplementary irrigation at different 

sages of growth were studied . Both the 

number of leaves per plant and yield followed 

ven similar trends . The best yield 

and quality were obtained when irrigation 

Was not limited during all three phases 

at growth . However, the last phase (C) 

was the most critical phase regarding it 

r, Batton in Expt 5 . while the first two 

phases were the most critical ones in 

EApt 6. since withholding irrigation during 

vnase C reduced yield by 44-50 °ro . and only 

r re. in the two experiments, respectively . 

Lea` quality seemed to be best when irncation 

was applied throughout the growth 

period . particularly the first two phases 

of growth 

From Author's Summary 

3598 KALI A .NASCNDARAM N .K ., R AMAKRISH- 

%AIIA B .\ 

Note on mlcronutnent status of to . 

bacco varieties grown to goradu soil 

of Gujarat . 

h :dia ., J. agnc . Sci ., 1981 . 511, p . 60-2 . 

.Micronutnent analysis was conducted on 

the lamina portions of F sun-cured vat 

lead- 5 chewug Hypes, and 9 flue-cured 

t ane ::es all be:onctnc to Tico :mna tabu, 

cwy? sp . grown in the goradu soil of 

Guiara : There were wide varietal differ 

encee :n the lamina concentra :tons of macro. 

n trrents Hoverter a-iattuns due to Mu 

and Z, in sun-cured 'arteries and Cu \In 

an- \I, to i .ue-cured arteries were non 

s. en .aca. 4monc sun.tured tar;eues .. 4 

1 : contamed the highest cuncentrauons 


AGRONOMI E-FERTI LI SAT ION 

117 

deux cas. Le rendemeni de feuilles se - 

cheer est accru par Its trois facteurs lors 

de I'essai 1, mais par I'ebourgeonnement 

seulement fors de I'essai 2. It N ei I'ecimage 

reduisant alors legerement ce rendement . 

La qualite est nettemeni reduite par les 

plus fonts doses de N . alors qu'elle est 

generalement amelioree par I'ecimage et 

I'ebourgeonnement. Dans its essais 3 et 4, 

on a etudie 1'influence de Is densite vegetale, 

du N et du stade d'ebourgeonnement . 

Le rendement de feuilles sechees est ac . 

cru par la plus forte densite de plantation, 

respectivement de 9 et 15 4n clans let essais 

3 et 4 et diminut de 15 et 7 °'e par 

de plus fortes doses de N . L'ebourgeonnemerit 

precoce s'est avert benefique lors de 

I'essai 3 (16 %) . mais nefaste lors de I'es 

sai 4 (8 °y). La qualite foliaire est dimi . 

nude par la plus forte dose de N, mais 

amelioree par la plus grande densite de 

plantation . L'epoque de l tbourgeonnement 

est sans effet sensible sur le rendement ou 

la qualite . Dans les essais 5 et 6, on a etudie 

l'influence dune irrigation supplement 

taire a differents stades de la croissance . 

Le nombre de feuilles/plante ei le rem 

dement ont evolue dans le mime sens . Les 

meilleurs resultats en rendement et qualite 

sont obrenus quand ('irrigation nest pas 

limited durant les trois stades de croissance. 

Le Bernier stade est apparu It plus 

critique en cc qui concerne I irrigation 

lots de )'essai 5 . alors Put ce sont les deux 

autres phases qui Font ere lots de I'essai 6 . 

)a reduction de rendement par suppression 

d'irrigation au dernier stade etant de 44- 

50 °o dans le premier de ces essais ei de 

6 °'o seulement clans le second . La qualite 

foliaire la meilleure correspond a une 

irrigation appliquee durant toute la croissance 

ei particulierement durant les deux 

premiers stades . 

Extr. resume d'aureur . 

3698 KALI ANASC-NDARAM N .K ., RAMAKRISH- 

NAIYA B,\' . 

(En anglais) Note sur Is teneur en 

mlcronutriments des vanities de tabac 

cultivees sur sol . goradu . dens 

It Gujarat . 

Indimr I . agric . Sci ., 1981, 51-1, p . 602 

L'analvse des micronutriments a etc effer. 

cure sur des portions de oarenchvrnes de 

F var. sechees au soleii . de :rots types 

de tabac a macher e : de 9 car de :abac 

flue-cured touter appartenan : lespr,-e 

\icotienc tabantn: cult'ees dans tin so : 

- goradu . du Gmarat De crandes dtf! : 

rence~ tanetairs son : oosei' ees Cenem 

dam le, tanauons de Mo e: Zn das s 

tabac, sechea au soie ; ei de Cu. Mn 

et Mo dans les car flue cured ne son : pas 

stemfica:tt es Parmt les tar sechees a u 

2347746

AGRONOMY-FERT 

of Cu. Fe and Mn . K 20 and Kumkumathri 

accumulated high amounts of B, 

Among flue-cured varieties, Virginia 

Gold had the highest concentrations of 

B and Zn, whereas Special FVC on 

rained the highest concentration of Fe . 

Further work is needed to relate the obsen-ations 

made above on the Zn status of 

different tobacco varieties with yield response 

to applied Zn in Zn-deficient soils of 

different localities . 


3699 OsMo,D D .L ., :RAPER C .D . 

Gro*th and nitrogen accumulation in 

tobacco plants as affected by nitrate 

concentration, coat temperature, and 

aerial temperature . 

Agron. 1., 1981, 73.3, p. 491-6 . 

.Ytcortana tabacum plants were grown in a 

temperature controlled, flowing nutrient 

solution system within a controlled environment 

room . in order to determine the 

independent effects of aerial temperature, 

root zone temperature . and NOT concentration 

of nutrient solution and their inter. 

action on growth and N accumulation . In 

each of nine experiments consisting of all 

combinations of davinight aerial temper . 

atures of 22/18 . 26/22, and 30/26 C and 

solution NO, concentrations of 3 .5 . 7.2, and 

14 .6 mAf, Plants were grown for 38 days 

at root-zone temperatures of 16, 24 . and 

32 C. Plants were sampled at 14, 19, 24, 31 

and 38 days, dried . weighed and analysed 

for total N and soluble carbohydrates . Root . 

zone temperatures had greater effects on 

growth than either aerial temperature or 

NO ; concentration . Plant dn' weight, leaf 

area, and stem height were less at 16 C 

than 24 and 32 C root temperatures . The 

reduction in growth at 16 C apparently was 

attributable to initial water stress and reduced 

loadme of 5 from the root into 

the vascular system. Reductions in do 

matter and N accumulation of plants associated 

with reductions in root temper . 

a:u:e were enhanced as aerial temperature 

was increased and solution NO, concen- 

:ration was decreased . 

From Authors' Summa . . . 

3;00 Ossts+ >i KH Srrsx 3 .K., ResHic A . 

Study of potassium fertilizer fixation 

in some soil series of tobacco grow . 

ing areas . 

Pcl. Tub . 1979. 3 ' p 25 . E 

A !abo :a : or' eyertment was conducted to 

st udi :hr in iuen t- of moisture status on 


ILIZAT IO N 

soleil, A 145 contient Its Plus tones conc . 

de Cu, Fe ei Mn . K20 et Kumkumathri Its 

plus fortes conc. en B. Parmi les var. flue . 

cured, Virginia Gold a les plus tones conc . 

en B et in, Landis que FCV Special a Its 

plus tones conc. en Fe. D'autres travaux 

sons necessaires pour relier Its obsena . 

Lions des conc. en Zn des differentes var . 

a des ameliorations de rendement lorsqu'on 

applique cet element a des sols qui en 

sont deficients. dans differentes localites . 

Exrr. resume d'auteurs 

3699 Osaeoxo D .L . . RAPER C .D . 

(En anglais) Crotasance et accumula . 

tlon d'azote chez la Plante de tabac 

en fonction de Is concentration en 

nitrate, de Is temperature des raci . 

Des el de la temperature de fair . 

Agron. I., 1981, 733, p . 491-6 . 

Des plantes de Ntconana tcbacum ont ere 

cultivees sur solution nutritive continue . 

thermo-regulee, dans on local climatise, afin 

de determiner Its effets independants de 

la temperature de lair, de la temperature 

de la rhizosphere et de la conc . NO-, DID 

la solution, amsi que l'interaction de yes 

facteurs, sur la croissance et I'accumula- 

Lion de N par la Plante . Les temperatures 

ambiantes jourrnun ont ere 22/18 . 26!22 

et 30,26' les conc. en NO de 3 .5, 7 .2 et 

14 .6 mitt , les temperatures de la rhizosphere 

lb. 24 et 32' . Les plantes om etc 

echantillonnees au 14, 19 . 24 et 31 et 

38e our de croissance . sechees. pesees e : 

analysees pour It N total e ; les hydrates 

de carbone solubles . C'est la temperature 

des racmes Cut a !'influence la plus grande 

sur Ia croissance. Le poids de M .S., la sur 

face foliatre et la hauteur de tige sour 

moindres a lb qu'a 24 et 32' . La reduc' 

tion de croissance observee a 16` est apparemment 

due a on stress hvdrique inn' 

tial et a one charee reduite de N . a par 

tir des ravines . daps It svsteme vasculatre. 

Les reductions de M .S . et d'accumulattons 

de N assoctees am basses temperatures 

racinaires sont renforcees par one elevation 

de la temperature de fair et one dimtnu' 

Lion de la conc . en N0, de Is solution . 

Esrr resume dm+teurs 

3700 OAS :++ M .. Kit trt sA J .K R;suto A 

iEn anciats, Etude sur la fixation Or 

I'engrais potassique dans one sent Or 

sols des regions tabacoles . 

PC, To! . 19` 3 _ p '_f- E 

Lne r:udr do Tabora toure a ete tanc pou' 

determine . !'in'luena de I'humidue slit

I 

he fixation of added potassium and its 

re: ease in soils of Peshawar, Mardan and 

' arsak series. These soils were strong)'. 

caicareous . non-saline . and medium to fine 

- texture . Potassium was added at the 

ate of 0. 5. 10 and 15 megr100 grams of 

:, in tin containers filled with 600 grams 

y so:! of each series. Half of the samples 

e:r incubated for 6 weeks at field capa . 

. .n while the others were wetted and 

_ . d three times during this period . The 

:tuun : of potassium fixation increased proeress:lely 

with the addition of K,SO ., but 

ne percentage of potassium fixed decreas- 

'd Fixation of potassium was higher with 

ciernate wetting and, drying as compare 

to moist (field eadaciiv) fixation . Soi l 

hieherclap content (Peshawar) fixed 

more zotassium than that having a lower 

l1'arsakl. Untreated soils, instead o f 

~x~ac released potassium . The release was 

elite. with alternate wetting and di-vine 

compared to moist condition (field caa 

;as Entreated soil with high clap per . 

cn;ae: (Peshawar) released more potass.ure 

than that having a low One (War- 

'ai. : 

Authors' Surnntarr . 

3 :01 Tkrt1TH1\' L .E . . MOORE L .D . 

A study of calcium fertilization on 

weather fleck and chemical composition 

of fluecured tobacco . 

Tob mt ., 1981 . 16319, p . 525 . 

Tob Set . . 1981 . XX\' . p . 102 .5 . 

Thr effects of calcium fertilization on the 

rac ;lon of Alconcna tabacunl L ., North 

C,."J :na 88 to ambient let els of air po) . 

primarilx 0 . and the relationship 

art,,een the calcium content and the nix 

t :nc red uclne sugar and nttroeen conten t 

rates were tut esucated Calcium ICaSO .1 

appl:cd at 0 11_ 225 and 562 kaha 

`n°tr tscrr harvested at - b an d 

aftc' Iransplan tine and were analvz . 

,, :um eruun; reducing sugars 

u'UiL Tote amount of calcium apa, 

not .rated to the calcium or 

,o-nrno. u'. Iral es There- was a 

wro'a ;,un be:t,eea the ea :c:em con. 

V iea' a oat post tin and tt ra the n 

The a :uum content of 

. na ; .-rcar.t ;a -"'elate- 11 ::h ! .IL 

Ltn,e . teal e, hac the 

o . . . at,on. VI Cal'a:m the 


AGRONO.MI E-FERTI LI SATION 

la fixation du potassium ajoute et sa 

liberation clans Its sols des series Peshauar. 

Martian et Warsak . Ces cols sont for 

tement calcaires, non salins et de texture 

movenne a fine. Le potassium a etc atom 

to aux taux de O. 5, 10 et 15 meq/100 g 

de so]. dans des recipients metalliques con' 

tenant 600 g de sol de chacune des series . 

La moitie des echantillons ont etc mis a 

incuber pendant 6 semaines a . capacite 

au champ tandis que dautres etaient 

humidifies et seches a trots reprises pendant 

certe periode. La quantite de potas. 

sium ftxe s'accroit progressivement atec 

l'addition de, K :SO., mats le pourcentage 

de K fixe diminue . Cette fixation es, plus 

grande lorsqu'on alterne humidification et 

sechaee que lorsqu'il v a capactre au 

champ. Les sols a plus forte teneur en ar 

gile (Peshawar) fixent mieux le K due les 

sols a faible teneur en argtle (Warsaki . Les 

sols non fertilises, au lieu de fixer du potassium 

en liberent, et ce en plus gram 

de quantite dans It cas dune humidification 

alternant avec un sechage que dans 

celui d'une capactre au champ . Le so! 

non fertilise, a fort pourcentace d'areile, 

libere plus de K que le sol a faible pourcentage 

. 

Resume d'au:eurs . 

3701 TREvntw' L .E ., MOORE L .D . 

(En ang!aisi Influence de la fertilisation 

calcique sur le . weather fleck . 

et la composition chimique du tabac 

flue-cured . 

Tab. inc . . 1981, 183-19. p. 52 

Tob . Set . 1981 . XX1'. p . 1035 . 

On a etudie 1 influence de la fertilisation 

calcioue sur !a reaction de Nicormnc ta . 

boot . . ., . NC 88, a la pollution atmospherique 

essentiellemem O,) ainsi que Ia rela' 

non enire teneur en calcium et teneurs 

en nicotine . sucres reducteurs et azote de s 

feuilles Le CaSO, a ete applique a raison 

de 0 112 . 225 et 56 : kc'ha Les feuilles 

ont etc recoltees 5 .6 7 ei 9 senname, acres 

i ransolantation ct anal'sees puu- Ie, le 

noun o-dessus La quant tie de caapphouee 

nest pas ec relation at c 

en Ca ou en nicotine dos feu :^c: I evs :C 

une correlation dt-e ::e entre ie Ca de; it .: : 

s feacc lo : :a :re et is eratite d endo :n 

maeemen : par I ozone Le Ca des :!le; es'. 

currele neca :n C,men ; avec lc N des ieuiJ ec 

Les :eu . ::rs oases O :;! let plus tortes teneur s 

C :: Jos alas :afnlr, en N et ;-aortic t 

ea,~ion .mage glen : nar I Ozone le plug int.

greatest amount of weather fleck and the 

lowest concentrations of nitrogen. It appears 

that the man' Wation of calcium fertilization 

under field conditions to increase 

the tolerance of flue-cured tobacco to 

weather fleck is of little practical value . 


3702 WELLS K .L . 

The major nutritional disorder of 

burley tobacco . 

Tob. Yearb ., 1981, In 10.1 . 

Most burley growntn Kentucky is fertilized 

at an o*r-optimum rate. Together with 

the effect from such high fertilizer usage 

and natural conditions favoring acidific . 

ation, insufficient use of lime by many 

growers often bungs on manganese toxicity 

early in the growing season . The result, 

while sometimes devastating to yield, more 

often than not is poor early growth with 

an undetermined amount of yield loss resulting 

While difficult to determine the 

exact amount of production loss due to manganese 

toxicity each year, tobacco specialists 

and country agricultural agents in 

Kentucky feel that it is by far the most 

frequently occurring national disorder in 

burley tobacco. and that economic loss 

from its effect is great . 


AGRONOMY-CULTURAL PRACTICES 

See also : 3630, 3653, 3697 

and title ref . : 3887-389 3 

3703 KASHIHARA Y ., NAKAJIMA T . 

(In Japanese) On the cultivation meth . 

od of tobacco by compromise mulch . 

ing. 1 . Growth characteristics and 

productivity of tobacco . 

Bid!. Kagoshima Tob. Exp. Stn . 198L . 

24, p 7-21 . 

The so-called . compromise „ mulching 

consists in spreading a polyethylene film 

ms; after fenil zauon and ridging, and in 

cutting it afterwards when transplanting 

tobacco into pits This method has been 

compared u'uh three ether covering forms 

nameh improved rn,ulcheie (film corers 

the whole plant pit and is cut only when 

leaves have crown close to it' . mulching - 


AGRONOMY-CULTURA L PRACTICES 

portant. II semble que I'emploi de Ca en 

champ pour accroitre la tolerance du tai 

bac au weather fleck soil de peu 

d'utilite . 


120 

3702 Wens K.L . 

(En anglais) Les prlnclpaux desordres 

nutritlfs du tabac burley . 

Tob. Yearb ., 1981, p . 10-1 . 

La plus grande pantie du burley cultive 

clans le Kentucky est fertilise a un niveau 

plus quoptimum . Conjointement aux effets 

de cette fertilisation elevee et a ceux des 

conditions naturelles favorisant ('acidification. 

('utilisation insuffisante de la chaux 

par nombre de planteurs entraine souvent 

unt loxicite par )e Mn au debut de la croissance 

vegetale . 11 en resulte parfois une 

pease de rendement soectaculaire e: le 

plus souvent, un debut de developpement 

mediocre de la Plante et une perte de ren 

dement non determinee. Quel que soil le 

montant exact de cette perte, les specialistes 

du tabac et responsables agricoles du 

Kentucky considerent qu'il s'agn la du 

desordre nutritionnel le plus frequent ab 

l ectant le tabac burley au niveau national 

et que le manque a gagner qui en resulte 

est important . 

Exit. resume d'auteur . 

AGRONOMI&PRATIQUES CULTURALE S 

Voir aussi : 3630 . 3653 . 3697 

et ref. signal. : 3887389 3 

3703 KASHIHARA } . . NAKAJIMA T . 

(En iaponais) Methode de culture du 

tabac avec sin paftlage de compromis . 

1. Caracteristiques de crolssance et 

productlvlte du tabac . 

Bu!!. Kagoshima Tob. Exp Sea . 1981, 

24. p . 712 

La culture aver pail age d :i - de compro . 

mis - consis;e a etend re on film de poh . 

eth, lene lusty apres terr!aa uo ei b :l!on 

nape e: a prauquer eosuiie )a transp'ar . 

tauon en Irou en decoupa n ; )e film Ce :te 

methode a e:e comnaree a dautres me :ho. 

des de pmllage pa ; Ia cc dii amehor e 

i recuut rement to :al par le Lim de la plant' 

daps son you de :ransn!an:aiion et deco m 

2347749

T 

tunnel-shaped covering, and traditional 

mulching after transplanting. In the case 

of early transplanting, mulching + tunnel . 

shaped covering entailed frost injury and 

the early growth was inhibited ; these disadvantaees 

appeared neither with compromise 

mulching, nor improved mulching . The 

budding date with compromise mulching 

was two days later as compared to im 

proved mulching, but the topping date was 

nearly the same. In late transplanting, no 

difference in dates appeared . Amount of 

nitrogen uptake and its content at maximum 

growth stage were remarkably higher 

with the compromise mulching, regardless 

of the transplanting time . In early trans. 

planting, tot21 leaf nuffiber/plant with compromise 

mulching was fewer by I and 3 

compared to improved mulching and mulch. 

Ina - tunnel-shaped covering, respectively, 

bat in late transplanting no difference was 

found With compromise mulching, adventitious 

roots developed well from the base 

o stalk, both at harvesting and topping 

stages. while basal root was poorer than 

that observed with mulching + tunneLshaped 

covering and traditional mulching ; 

leaf area of harvested leaves, as well as 

leaf shape index, at almost all stalk post . 

bons. were also smaller. On leaf weight 

per unit area tended to be higher in early 

transplanting but hardly different in late 

transplanting . Finally, different covering 

methods showed little difference in price' 

ID a in early transplanting : in late trans . 

p:antmg differences were even smaller . 

3704 KASHIHARA 1 . . SASAKI M ., NAKAJiMA T . 

On Japanese) On the cultivation meth . 

od of tobacco by compromise mulch . 

ing. II . Temperature Characteristics 

In transplanting pit . 

Bull. Kagoshima Tob. Exp Stn 1981 . 

24, p . 2332 . 

Maximum temperature in daytime around 

apical eases in the compromise mulching 

,as about IC-C lower compared to improves 

muichmg or mulching - tunnelshaped 

coter:ne The minimum temper 

azure tt as lowest In mulching - tunnel. 

shaped cot Brine . and :elauteh Niche : wvh 

compromise mulching Maximum temper 

.4GRONOMIE-PRATIQL'ES CULTURALE S 

pe du film au moment ou les feuilles viennent 

a son contact) ; paillage + tunnel ; 

ei paillage classique apres transplantation . 

Dans le cas de la transplantation precoce, 

la culture aver paillage + tunnel a soul . 

fen du froid et la premiere croissance a 

ete inhibee : le paillage de compromis el 

It paillage ameliore n'ont pas eu cgs inconvenients 

. En transplantation precoce, le pail- 

]age de compromis entraine un bourgeonnement 

plus tardif de 2 jours par rapport 

au paillage ameliore, alors que la date 

d'ecimage est it peu pros la mime . Ces 

differences de dates disparaissent dans le 

cas dune transplantation tardive . Au stade 

de croissance maximum . V absorption et laccumulation 

de N par la plante sour beaucoup 

plus elevees avec le paillage de compromis, 

independamment de la date de 

transplantation. En cas de transplantation 

precoce. le hombre de feuilles/plante est 

moindre aver le paillage de compromis 

qu'avec le paillage ameliore (- I feuille) 

ou le paillage - tunnel 1- 3 feuilles), 

crisis ces differences he se retrouvent pas 

en cas de transplantation tardive. Le pail 

]age de compromis entraine la formation 

de racines adventices bien developpees, a 

la base or la tige, aux stades ecimage et 

recolte. tandis que les racines de base sont 

moins developpees que dans le cas dun 

paillage - tunnel ou dun paillage classi- 

Due. Avec le paillage de compromis Ia sur 

face foliaire et I'indice de forme foliaire 

des feuilles recoltees de presque sous les 

etages sont infeneurs par comparaison avec 

les auires paillages. Landis que le poids 

de feuilleiunite de surface tend a titre plus 

eleve (transplantation precoce) . ou peu different 

(transplantation tardive). Au total . 

on observe peu de difference entre les differentes 

formes de paillage pour cc qui 

concerne le prix/ha de tabac . en transplantation 

precoce. er moins de difference em 

core en transplantation tardive . 

3704 KASHIHARA Y ., SASAKI M . . NAKAJIMA T . 

(En Iaponatst Methode de culture du 

tabac avec on paillage de compromis . 

H . Caracteristiques thermiques a I'mterteur 

du trou de transplantation . 

Bull Kaeoshimc Tob. Exp Si,, . 1981 

24, p 23-32 . 

La temperature maximale autour des feu ;l- 

!es de ]apex attic un pai!!ape de' compretuts, 

est envtrun de 10 plus basse que 

celle obtenue at cc on pat fare ameliore oa 

tin pai:!a_e - tunne La temperature m, 

mmale la D:us basso en oosenee ate : le 

pa; page - tunnel e: e:le es: relanvemen : 

eie .ee at cc le pa:!lace at compromis L a 

a ::,re in daytime was highest at ' ctn-depth temperature dturne ma x :male la plus eiem 

the transplanting pit fa .'! :ne as the depth ter Sc Si tue a ? cm de prolondeur dan s 


121 

2347750

increased to 10 or 15 cm . On the other 

hand, the minimum l mperature rose in 

proportion to depth and heat retention was 

e:lecttve in the pit with a depth of more 

roar, 10 cm. In the compromise mulching, 

frost iniun of tobacco after transplanting 

increased as the depth of pit decreased 

,,,thin 10 cm limits . Dn' weight of tobacco 

at maturing stage in the compromise 

mulching was higher than that in improved 

mulching . The tendency was that, as 

the depth of pit increased . the amount of 

adventitious roots increased and that of 

basal roots decreased . 


I 

3705 KASHIHARA Y ., MATSUZAKI T ., NAXAJIMA 

T 

(In Japanese) On the cultivation meth 

ad of tobacco by compromise mulching 

. 111 . Influence of ridge form on 

tobacco growth . 

Bull. Kagoshima Tob. Exp. Stn, 1981, 

24, p 33-8 . 

In a small ridge, which required an additional 

ridging, the growth of tobacco was 

delayed up till the budding stage, then 

turned out vigorous to become late mamr 

cd while in a big ridge the growth progressed 

satisfactorily. No quantitative or qua- 

! :tattse duferences in tobacco were obsen' . 

ed in the two cases . With compromise 

mulching, therefore, it is more advantageous 

to use the big ridge as far as labor productnm 

is concerned . 

Front Authors' English Summary . 

3706 KASHIHARA Y . 

In Japanese) On the cultivation meth . 

od of tobacco by compromise mulching. 

IV. Influence of soiling into 

transplanting pit on tobacco growth . 

&Jl Kagoshima, Tob Esp . Sin, 1981 

2e . p. 39.5 5 

Et ic.t, of I :chi soiling sufficient for fit. 

ling thr :anspiani ng puts, considerably in 

.uenc eJ the momhoiogv of the root s's . 

:rm bs increat:nv the amount of adyenu. 

tious roots and It, decreasmo that of 

basal rocs Az or the crossth of plan t 

. ..' part such et eats sere not observed 

Tim, of .:lr earls or late, influenced 

:hr mordw,ues e! the mom ,,stem but 

cu; the drs ,.right of ha nested ieas es The 


AGRONOMY-CULTURAL PRACTICE S 

It trou et elle s'abaisse de plus en plus a 

10 et 15 cm. La temperature minimale, en 

revanche, augmente avec Is profondeur, la 

retention thermique s'averant efficace a plus 

de 10 cm de profondeur . Avec le paillage 

de compromis . I'endommagement du tabac 

par It gel apres transplantation est 

d autant plus imponant que le trou est 

moms profond ; if sevit jusqu'a 10 cm 

de profondeur. Le poids sec de tabac a 

maturite, dans le as du paillage de compromis, 

est superieur a cc qu'il est avec 

un paillage ameliore. Plus le trou de transplantation 

est profond . Plus Its raanes adventices 

soot abondantes et morns Its racines 

de base sont developpees . 

D'apres resume anglau d'auieur s 

3705 KASHIHARA Y . . MATSCZAKI T_ NAKAJIMA 

T . 

(En japonais) Methode de culture du 

tabac avec tin paillage de compromis. 

III. Influence de la forme du billon 

sur la croissance du tabac . 

Bull, Kagoshima Tob . Exp. Sin, 1981, 

24. p . 33- 8 

Dans le cas dun petit billon, necessitant 

un billonnage additionnel, la crotssance du 

tabac est retardee jusqu'au stade du boor 

geonnement, elle est enswte vigoureuse et 

debouche sur one maturite tardi%e, alors 

que la croissance est reguliere avec un 

Bros billon . La quantize et Is quabte do 

tabac recolte sent identiques daps les deuc 

cas. Do point de yue economie de main 

d'auvre. on estime done preferable d'utih' 

ser on gros billon avec )e paillage de cornprom 

is . 

D'apres resume anglais d'aureur s 

3706 KASHIHARA Y . 

iEn iaponats) Methode de culture du 

tabac avec on paillage de compromis . 

W. Influence dun apport de terre 

dans It trou de transplantation sur 

is croissance du tabac . 

Bull. Kaeoshn+m Tob Sip Sri : . 1981 

24. p 39 .. _ 

L leger appor, de terrc soti sari pour 

Souther le :mu de trapspta-,:auo tnffiuem 

considerablerneni morph . u_ .r C o 

5' steme rac:na-e 'r rorssrme-'. -1 

c :nes ,dsrmices e : 

:no:odrr des elooormr ; : 

acs --,me- do ba-c- On nu`t . : :, r 

comet de - Genre er ce cu nrnce-ne 

^ :c 'crrerit d . :a rain-. tie La Cats c 

on de term 'nuttier uu tardtse . : 

~!en:e la rnor^hulu_tr du ss steme ranna . ' 

2347751

an. weight of harvested leases hardly chanced 

with or without soiling, regardless of 

the type of soil . With compromise mulch 

ng. soiling - top dressing of a small 

amount of fertilizer 30 days aher transplant 

mg increased the dn . weight of upper 

:eases 

From Authors' English Summon . 

3707 ROMAN T. A 

.r 

(In Polish) Effects of storing time 

and varietal characteristics on the 

germination capacity of Seeds from 

several varieties of Nicotlana tabs. 

CUM . 

Btu! . Inform . rent r. Lab. Prem . Tvtot 

. . 1981 . 1-2 . p . 25-32 . 

The seeds were stored in a non aircom 

d'IOned storeroom, in which in late au 

:umn. winter and early spring the temperature 

teas 8-12-C and relative humidity of 

yr co-70 °o. In spring and summer the 

temperature was 1850'C and relative humid 

::, of air 70 s.. Altogether, seven vareues 

were tested, including one variety 

of Kentucky type and 6 varieties of flue 

cured tobaccos. It was assessed that Ken 

tuck, IIE variety had maintained good ggerminauon 

capacity for 15 tears . and Virutnta 

Krakowska I for 12 pears . After that 

Ime eerminauon capacity of the tested 

. anexs decreased . The seeds of flue-cured 

tobaccos did not show a decrease in get 

m :na ::on capacity after 8 and 5 years . 

From Author's Sunnnar'r . 

AGRONOMIE-PRATIQL'ES CULTURALE S 

270°. SMAw M ] .P ., W'IALE1' R .A .J . 370 8 

Growth compensation for destroye d 

and replaced plants in Central Afri - 

ca n field tobacco . 

I n . ; app! Bool, )981 . 98 . p 333-8 

P :an:, surrounding a can in stand compcnsa:ed 

to some e,tem for leaf yield loss 

it, rn:,srne p:ante The contribution o' 

plant, in at, ad taceni row was much less 

:h an that of pants neV to the cap within 

: to,, Lueses were reduced and quaint 

t, ;5 . ;m:iron ed b, rep :an nc destroyed plants 

w . :Sn :,.c ,cols of the utter nal plant In c 

Apriior3 Strum ;o ; 


1 

I 

re. mats est Presque sans effet sur It poids 

sec des feuilles recoltees. Cc poids sec 

nest pas non plus beaucoup influence par 

I'apport ou non de terre dans le trou de 

transplantation, independamment du type 

de terre apportee . Darts It cadre du paillage 

de compromis . I'appori de terre, plus one 

couverture d'engrais peu importante, trente 

fours apres transplantation, fait augmenter 

le poids des feuilles superieures . 

D'apres resume anglais dour eur . 

3707 ROMAN T . 

(En polonaise Influence de is duree 

du stockage et des caracteres varietaus 

sur Is pouvolr germinatif des 

semencea de piusieurs verities de 

Nicotlana tabacum . 

Btul. Inform tenor. Lab. Priem. Ty. 

ton ., 1981 . 1.2, p. 2532 . 

Les sentences ont et= stockees dans une 

chambre non chmattsee . ou les conditions 

a la fin de I'automne, en hiver et au 

debut do printemps etaient de 8-12` ei 60- 

70 °u RH. Au printemps et en ere . Its 

conditions ambiantes etaient de 1620' et 

70 ao RH. Sept varietes au total cot etc 

testees. dart one de npe Kentucky et 6 

de tabac flue-cured . On a constate que 

la car, K, 118 consen'ait on bon pouroi r 

cermmatit pendant 15 ans . et Vireinia Kra - 

kowska I pendant 12 ans. Au-dela de ce s 

delais. le pouvotr eerminatif des var. e n 

question a dimmue . Les semences de taba c 

fhue-cured non ; pes presente on pout oho 

de eerminauon dimutue apres 8 et 5 ans . 

Extr . resume d auteur . 

Slow M .I .P l1 i'try R .A .3 . 

(En anclais) Compensation de crolssance 

pour les plantes detrultes -i 

remplacdcs dans Its champs de ibac 

d'Afrique Centrale . 

Ann app! Boa!. . 1981 . 98, p 333-8 

Les plantes entourant un m.anquant daps 

one plan:a Ion de is Jai compensen : dart' 

une certa :nc mesure It rendemen : ioi :acre 

de la plants manquante A co : egard 

con'r:bm ion de, p.an I e des rangers - 

iacentei sat tre tnfeneure a ce ;lc dr, 

" :antes e -anauan, sun It rang 

Le, perle, auIt rcdc'.: C ; C is zuahte am, 

: :or, . lursg_or template Its plantes d e 

mtc, d:u, sent ante, sonar ; 

Re .,;nru d weir s 

2347752

3709 WALKER E .K . 

Culture of flue-cured tobacco seed . 

Units in Todd calls : Influence of 

size of call. age of seedlings and 

time of field transplanting . 

Tob. int., 1981, 18349, p . 47 .51 . 

Tob Sci., 1981, XXV, p. 97-101 . 

Equivalent growth was attained with 45day 

seedlings in 2 .54- and 3 .81cm cells, 

but some growth restriction was evident 

for older seedlings in 2 .54-cm cells. Seedlings 

in 3.81-cells also had a slightly higher 

proportion of rootain total seedling weight . 

Survival sin the field, which depended 

more on year than on experimental var. 

Canons. was negatively related to stress . 

Days to flower were unrelated to cell size 

and seedling age, but positively associated 

with post-transplanting stress. Days to 

flower also decreased with later transplant . 

ing but always by less than the weekly 

interval between successive dates . Yield and 

crop returns were reduced with later transplanting 

but largely unaffected by cell 

size and seedling age . Yield also was negatively 

related to an increase in posttransplanting 

stress. Similar results were 

obtained with 2.54-cm and 3.81cm cells . 

In consideration of these results and the 

extra space requirement for 3 .81cm cells, 

the 2.54cm cell was deemed preferable 

for flue-cured tobacco culture . These results 

also indicated that 2 .54-cm cells should be 

seeded between March 26 and April 2 with 

nelleted seed and transplanted between 

May 24 and 31 . 

3710 WIXLE' R .A .J ., SHAW M .I .P . 

A model relating Weld to Individual 

plant area for predicting growth compensatlon 

in Central African field tobacco 

. 

.Amt, appt. Biol., 1981, 98, p . 33946 , 

A mode! based on the concept of the circle 

of influence of a plant is used to estimate 

the relationship between yield and area 

plant for tobacco Crops with gaps in stand 

The model predicts the average yield of 

plans in anw configuration that includes 

rntss :nc plants and is used to predict the 

economic consequences of In,, in stand 

:roan pest or other damag e 

Aur4o,a' S i 



3709 WALKER E.K . 

(En an lais) Culture de plantules de 

tabac dons des alveoles de Todd ; 

Influence de Is faille des alveoles, de 

l'age des plantules at de Is date de 

transplantation an champ . 

Tob. int . . 1981, 183-19. p. 47-51 . 

Tob Sci., 1981, XXV, p . 97-101 . 

Les plantules de 45 jours atteignent une 

croissance equivalente en alveoles de 2 .54 

et 3 .81 cm, mais dans les premiers la croissance 

des plantules its plus agees est manifestement 

can peu genee . Dans les alveoles 

de 3.81 cm Is proportion ponderale de 

racines par rapport au plant est egalement 

un peu plus elevee. La survie en champ, 

qui depend plus de l'annee que des conditions 

experimentales . est live negattvement 

au stress de transplantation . Le delai de 

floraison nest pas dependant de Its taille 

des alveoles, ni de ]'age des plantules, mais 

son raccourcissemeni est lie au stress . Ce 

delai de floraison diminue egalement avec 

les transplantations tardives, mais de facon 

inferieure aux inten-alles tune semaine) 

entre dates de transplantation successtves. 

Le rendement et le rapport de la re 

colte sont reduits oar la transplantation 

tardis-e. mais peu affectes par la taille des 

alveoles et ]'age des plantules . Le rendement 

est egalement associe de fa9on negative 

au renforcement du stress post-trans 

Plantation. Des resultats identiques elan : 

obtenus avec les deux tailles d'alveoles, la 

plus petite est jugee preferable pour la 

culture du tabac flue-cured . Ces alveoles 

doivent titre ensemencees entre le 2t Mars 

et le 2 April avec des graines enrobees . et 

la transplantation dolt s'effectuer entre le 

24 et le 31 Mai . 

Exir. resume d'aweur. 

3710 WixLE, R .A .J .. SxAw M .J .P . 

(En anglais) Modele assoclant It rendement 

a Is surface de sol occupee 

par chaque plante, pour estlmer Ia 

compensation de crolssance dans Its 

champs de tabac d'Afrique Centrale . 

Ann apps. Biol . . 1981 . 9E, p . 33946 . 

On utilise un modele base sue le concept 

du cercle d'influence de la plame pour 

esttmer la relattor. mire Ic rendement e : 

to surface plante pour les cultures de tabac 

comportant des manguants Le modele pro' 

dit lei rendements movens des plantes 

auelle que sot : la conf,zuratton comnor 

tan; des plantes manauantes permet 

de prow oi. les consequences economiques 

cos penes de plan :auon dues aux ravageur s 

et aux au:res causes dendommavemert 

Reunite dc : ' :C11 `

PATHOLOGY-PESTS 

See also : 3636, 3655, 3481, 3682, 3749, 3764 , 

3774 . 

and title ref . : 3894-391 7 

3711 BEEGLE C .C .. Lewis L .C ., LYNCH R .E . 

& al . 

Interaction of larval age and antibiotic 

- on the susceptibility of three insect 

species to Bacillus thurtnglensls . 

J. Invertebr . Parhol., 1981, 37.2, IT . 143- 

53 . 

r 

The addition of chlortetrawcline hvdrochloride 

to bioassay diets increased the LC . 5 

of the HIN isolate of Bacillus thuringiensis 

2 .4-67.1 times when bioassayed against 4dayold 

larvae of Trichoplusia ni, Hcltorhis virescens. 

and Ostrinia nubilalis . '. nere were 

no significant differences in LCbs when 

bioassays were conducted with neonate 

larvae in the presence or absence of antibiotic, 

nor when 4-davold larvae were used 

in the absence of antibiotic . Viable counts 

of B. rhuringtensts did not increase over 

time in any of three bioassay diets . There 

were no differences in activity of pure 

chlonetracycline hydrochloride and veter 

man grade Aureomycin . There was a direct 

correlation between amount of antibiotic 

and elevation of MD-1 LC„s when 4-dacold 

larvae were used . LC„ elevation in presence 

of antibiotic first appeared in 2-day-old 

larvae 


3712 BELL C .H . 

Effect of short exposures to a high 

concentration on the subsequent tox . 

icity of low concentrations of methyl 

bromide to diapausing larvae of the 

warehouse moth. Ephestia elutella 

(Hubner) . 

Pesttc. Sci.. 1981, 12 .1 . p . 59-64 . 

Epites ::c eluiella larvae in diapause were 

cxposed at 25'C to methyl bromide at 

12 me hare- for 3 .5 or 7.5 hr and then 

immediately exposed to a lower concentration 

The minimum effective concentration 

(that at which Habeas rule . concern 

:ration r time = k a constant for mortality, 

seal applied, was about 3 mg litre-' in 

tests with no previous exposure to a high 

concentrator . but it was about 2 .5 m¢ 

Lire to:' individuals survicm_c a hr 

-xposure to 12 me litre- , and was about 


12_ 

PATHOLOGIE.PARASITES 

Loir aussi : 3636, 3655 . 3681, 3682, 3749, 3764 , 

3774 

er ref. signal . : 3894-391 7 

3711 BEEGLE C .C., Lrwis L .C-, LYNCH R.E . 

& al . 

En anglais) Interaction d'un antfblotlque 

et de ]'Age lamaire sur Is sen. 

slbWte de trot expects d'Insectes IT 

Bacillus thuringiensis . 

1. Invertebr. Parhol., 1981, 37.2. p . 143- 

53 . 

L'addition de chlorhydrate de chlortetracycline 

au regime des larves de 4 iours de 

Trichoplusia ni, Heliothis virescens et Os 

rrinut nubilalis augmente de 24-67,1 fois 

la CL. de l'isolat HD-1 de B. thuringiensis 

vis-a-vis de ces lanes. On ne note pas de 

difference au ntveau des CLw quand les 

essais sent faits avec ou sans antibiotique . 

s ::r des lanes venant de naitre, ou quand 

des larves de quatre jours soot utilisees 

en ]'absence d'antibiotique . Le nombre de 

bacteries viables de B. thuringiensis ne 

sest pas accru avec It temps lors des trois 

essais effectues . On n'a pas note de diffe. 

rences dactivite entire le chlorh%drate de 

chlortetracycline put et son produit YEterinaire 

l'Aureomycine . 11 existe one correlation 

directe entre quantite d'antibiotique 

et elevation de la CL . de HD-I quand 

des lanes de quatre fours sont utilisees . 

Cette elevation de la CL,o en presence dantibiotique 

apparait d'abord chez Its lanes 

de deux jours . 

D'apres resume d'auleurs . 

3712 BELL C .H . 

(En anglais) Influence de coupes expositions 

a de fonts concentrations 

de bromure de methyle stir Ia toxiclte 

ulterieure de faities concentrations de 

ce prodult vis-a-vis des larves de 

Ephestia elutella en tours de diapau . 

se . 

Pesric. Sc:., 1981, 12-I . p. 59 .64 

Des larves de E. elutella en tours de diapause 

ont ete exposees . a ]a temperature 

de 25' . a des doses de bromure de meihtle 

de 12 mg I pendant 3 .5.75 h puis immnediatement 

apres . a des doses plus faibles 

La cone m :nimale effectite ,celle pour la 

quelle s applique encore la regle be Haber 

cone - duree = k constante be mortahteJ 

es( denymon 3 mg I lots des essais 

sans exposition prealable a one cone elevee 

et seulement de 2 .5 me') ent'iron pour 

es sutets survtvan : a one exposition be

1.6 mg litre-' for those surviving a 7 .5 hr 

exposure to 12 mg litre' . These exposures 

to 12 mg litre-' killd 2 .20 N and 50.75 ao, 

respectively. of larvae exposed . 


3713 BELL J .V., KING E .G ., HAauALLE R .J . 

Some microbial contaminants and 

control agents In a diet and larvae of 

Hellothis app . 

1. lnvenebr . Parhol., 1981, 37.3, p . 243- 

I 

Sixteen tests were conducted with four 

antimicrobial agents that are routinely incorporated 

into lepidopterous larval diets 

for bacterial and fungal inhibition . The 

agents tested in all possible combinations 

were benom39 . chlortetracycline, sorbic acid, 

and methyl P-hydroxybenzoate . Those combinations 

that contained benomvl and sorbic 

acid in the formula were effective in complete 

microbial suppression during the larval 

portion of the 35-day testing period . 

Insect development in plastic cups of test 

diets with benomx9 and sorbic acid averaged 

97 and 93 oro pupation and adult emergence, 

respectively. The 12 tests that did not contain 

benomvl and sorbic acid were con 

taminated with some of the following fungi : 

Aspergilli,s roger, A . flavus . Rhizopus nigricans. 

Cladosponum . Fusarium, yeasts. or 

the bacterium . Bacillus subtilis. Microorganisms 

in Heliorhis spp. larvae from massrearing 

diets were tested, examined, and 

identified. Bacteria recovered from laboratory-reared 

Hehoihts larvae included Pseudomonas 

aeruginosa. P. maltop~hilia, Micrococcus 

lureus, a-hemolytic Streptococcus, 

Serrana tnarcescens, and S . rubidaea . 


3714 Eosox K.M ., VINSON S .B ., STOLTZ D .H . 

& al . 

Virus in a parasltoid wasp : suppression 

of the cellular immune response 

in the parasitoid's host . 

Science 1981 . 2114482, p. 582 .3 

A virus that replicates in the ovan' of a 

parasnuid wasp is infected into the para . 

snmd- host dvr:ne ov:posmon Successful 

deg. e ;oprnent of the parasnoid egg within 

the hus : un the present case Ian ar of 

He!ioN : := . .sari tai deprnds on the presence 

of the urus whsh acts to suppress the 


PATHOLOGY-PEST S 

3.5 h a 12 mg/I, et d'environ 1 .6 mg/I pour 

les sunit-ants dune exposition de 7 .5 h a la 

mime dose. Ces expositions a 12 mg!) ont 

respectivement elimine 2.20 °o et 5075 to 

des larves . 

Exrr. resume d'aureu r 

3713 BELL 1 .V., KING E .G., HuuLLE R .J . 

(En anglais) Quelques contaminants 

microblena of agents de lutte dens le 

regime of ehez lea lames de Hellothls 

op . 

1. 7nverrebr. Pathol., 1981, 37-3, p . 243 . 

8 . 

Seize essais oni ere effectues avec quatre 

agents antimicrobiens incorpores couramment 

dons It regime des lanes de lepidopteres 

comme inhibiteurs bacteriens et for . 

gigues. Les agents testes. Bans touter les 

combinaisons possibles, ont ete le benomyl 

. la chlonetracycline, 1'acide sorbique 

et le methyl P-hydroxybenzoate . Les combinaisons 

componant du benomvl et de l'aci - 

de sorbique assurent effectivement la suppression 

de route activite microbienne durant 

Is panic larvaire des 35 jours d'essai . 

Le developpement de linsecte clans des 

coupelles d'alimentation en plastique comportant 

du benomvl et de I'acide sorbique 

correspond en movenne a 97 On d'emergence 

de pupes et 93 oro d'emergence dadWtes . Les 

12 essais sans benomvl . ni acide sorbique 

presentent des contaminations par certains 

des champianons suivants : Asperggillus niger 

. A. flavus, Rhizopus nigricans, Cladosportum, 

Fusarmm, ou des levures, ou la bat 

terse Bacillus subrilis . Les micro-organismes 

chez its larves de Heliothis sp . elevees en 

masse, ont ete testes, examines et identifies. 

Les batteries recuperees incluent Pseudomonas 

aeruginosa, P . malrophdta, Micrococcus 

luleus, Streptococcus a-hemolvtique, 

Serrana marcescens et S . rubidaea . 

Eitr, resume d'auieurs , 

3714 Eoso K .U ., VINSON S .B . . STOLTZ D .B . 

& a l 

(En anglais) Virus chez une guepe 

parasitoide : suppression de la reap 

tion immunitaire cellulaire chez I'hbte 

du parasitoide . 

Science . 19F1 . 21144£2 5e23 . 

Cn m us se reproduisan: Bans lee oyaires 

d une zuepe parasnoidc es ; irnc::c che ; 

! :hole du parasitoide au tours d ; ;ot :pos~ 

t on. Le del eloppemen : rrussi des O'uis d 

parasitoide a ! mteneur de l'hutr ien 10: 

curence des lanes de Heitorl ::s tic scei :- . 

depend cc !a presence de ce virus, ieque :

hosts immune response (encapsulation) toward 

the egg. This is 10n example of oblicaton 

mutualism between a virus and a 

eukarvotic organism . 

From Authors' Summan- . 

371` FLETCHER L .W., CHtLas D .P., GARRM 

L .C . 

Resistance of polyethylene film im, 

pregnated with synergized pyrethtitn 

to penetration by the cigarette beetle. 

Tab. inc ., 1981 . 183.18, p . 71 .3 . 

Tab . S or . 1981, XXV, p. 94-6 . 

Large numbers of adult cigarette beetles, 

Lcsioderma serricorne (F.), were unable to 

penetrate 6-miI polyethylene film (PE) imoreenated 

with svnergized pvrethrins . In 

the laboratory. treated discs (40 and 4 mg/ 

929 cm' piperonvi butoxide and pvrethrins, 

respectively) and treated heal-sealed pouches 

of tobacco remained intact after exposure 

periods of 2 Years. Untreated PE discs and 

5-mil discs of spunbonded polyethylene sheet 

,,ere penetrated shortly after exposure . Tobacco 

pouches of untreated film were not 

penetrated . but insects sealed inside untreated 

empty pouches chewed exit holes after 

the second day . In the field, liners (two 

dosage levels) in corrugated cardboard cases 

of flue-cured tobacco were intact after 

3 year, of storage in an infested warehouse . 


371E 1-l s'c ' C .L .. MCLEOD D .G .A . 

Microsporidlan Infecting the white 

cutworm, Euxoa scandens (Lepidoptera 

: Noctuldae) . 

Can. EnromoL, 1981, 1132, p. 1735 . 

Laboratory rearing of the white cutworm, 

Euxoa scandens . a pest of flue-cured to . 

bacco. in Quebec and asparagus in Michigan . 

has been hindered to some extent by a 

d :seose This note describes the microsporid 

.um uhtch caused the disease and tech . 

ntque, that inhibit the development of the 

pathogen Nuclear differential staining clear 

1, shot. ed the spore to be mononucleate 

Tin,, ,ould pace the mirrosoorid :an in one 

o` the genera Titcioitarc . Pietsrophora or 

lc : ;~.:orp4c The disease was substantial), 

sunore>sed to laboraton colones of th e 

hie cut\.orm b% surface steril :za :ion of 

eg`-~ nt .rnmerswn to a Or 4 aqueous 


PATHOLOGIE-PARASITES 

a pour effet de supprimer la reaction immunitaire 

de I'h6te (encapsulation) visa-,is 

des crufs. Ceci est un exemple de dependance 

muiuelle entre un virus et un organisme 

eucarvote . 

D'apres resume d'auteurs . 

3715 FLETCHER L .W., CH1tDS D .P ., GARRETT 

L .C . 

(En anglais) Resistance it In penetration 

par Ie Wloderme du film de 

polyethylene impregne de pyrethrtnes 

synergiees . 

Tab. int ., 1981, 18318, p . 71-3 . 

Tab. Sci., 198], XXV, p. 94-6 . 

Un grand nombre d'adultes de Lasioderma 

serricorne ont ete incapables de penetrer 

on film de polyethylene (PE) de 6-mil impregne 

de pvrethrines svnergides . En laboratoire, 

des disques de pellicule traitee 

aver . respectivement. 40 et 4 mg:929 cm 

de butoxyde de ptperonvl et de pvrethrines, 

ainsi que de petits sacs de tabac traites 

et thermo-soudes sont restes intacts apres 

une exposition de deux ans aux insectes . 

Des disques de PE et de polyethylene 5mil 

tisse-file, non proteges, ont ete penetres 

par les insectes pea apres ]'exposition . 

Les sacs de tabac non traites n'ont pas 

ete penetres par les insectes . mais les insectes 

enfermes a l'interieur se sont fares 

une vole viers I'exterieur apres le second 

jour. Dans la pratique. les doublures in. 

ternes tranees (2 dosages) de caisses carton 

de tabac flue-cured soot resides intactes 

apres trois ans de stockage dans un 

entrepot infeste par le )asioderme . 


3716 HANNA) C .L ., McLEOD D .G .R . 

(En anglatsi Infection d'Euxoa scam 

dens par um mlcrosporide . 

Can. Enrontol ., 1981, 113-2, p . 173-5 . 

L'elevaoe en laboratoire de E . scandens . 

racageur du tabac flue-cured au Quebec 

et de I'asperge au Michigan, a eve contrarie 

dans une certaine mesure par une maladie 

microspor id)enne . On decrit )CI )c pathucr' 

ne. amsi que )es techniques susneptiblea 

d tnhiber son den eloppemen : La ;c :o:aron 

dtfferenuelle du nos au monire clot remcm 

qu'il sacit dune spore mononucleee 

cut la sr,ue darts le cents Tt'. d : :r- ~ 

P.'e!sroplmra ou I at :mcNpim. La ma :ac :v 

e,t substan : :eliemen : stopper cars ies ;o - 

Ionics de laboratory de E scandens P 

une sten!tsa!ton superfinelle des ceufs en 

tmmergean : ceuy-ci dams une solution aqueu- 

2347756

solution of sodium hypochlorite for I min 

followed by rinsing ppff sterile water and 

by adding benomyl (!DO ppm) to the diet . 

Adoption of these procedures eliminated the 

disease from the culture and caused no apparent 

adverse effects to the white cut . 


3717 KIRev H .W .. MAIN C .E ., CARUON G.A . 

al . 

Assessment of selected management 

practices for -flue-cured tobacco in 

"stern North 'Caroline . 

Phytoopmhology, 1981, 71-8, p . 911, abstr . 

A survey of 64 randomly selected flue-ured 

tobacco farmers in 1980 revealed that users 

of multipurpose soil fumigants adopted pest 

management practices more readily than 

other growers. A total of 74 at of the 

growers applied chemical soil treatments in 

1980, although less than 10 4o submitted 

soil samples for nematode assay . More than 

50 °c had never observed yield losses due 

to nematodes in their fields but still expected 

ca S 700 .00/ha returns from the use 

of nematicides . An estimated 85 4v of fluecured 

fields to N .C. have been classed as 

having low root-knot infestation . Results 

from 12 nematicide research tests conducted 

to such fields between 1978-80 were used 

to develop econometric models describing 

optimal control strategies based upon ea . 

pened and calculated returns. Cases of 

positive yield and economic return were 

believed to result from nematicide effects 

on non-target organisms and/or direct crop 

response rather than root-knot control per 

Sc 

371E KOHNO M ., TosHiMA E 

(Ir. Japanese) Properties of puffed to~ 

bacco shreds for the emergence of 

the cigarette beetle, tasiodenna set . 

ricorne . 

Sc :. Pap cen :r. Res. Int. )pr : Tob . Sal : 

pub . Co, 1960 . 122. p. 9710 1 

Eggs of cigarette beetles were complete), 

k :!ied during puffing process Test of at . 

tractanct bt using an oliactometer showed 

that puflec tobacco shred always attracted 

the beetles less Y^-, other tobacco matertall 

i flue-cured Shiroenshu 7urktsh bur - 

le, composed of respec ::te caner On th, 

Conran the bcetlcs pre, more acute! . or. 



IN 

se it 0,6 4 d'hypochlorite de soude pendant 

I mn . puts en les rinrani dans I'eau sterile 

ei en ajoutant 200 ppm de benomv) a leur 

regime. On tlimine ainsi Is maladie sans 

effets nocifs apparents pour E . scandens . 


3717 Ktaav H .W ., MAIN C .E ., CARISON G .A . 

& al . 

(En anglais) Evaluation de pratiques 

cultukales ebolsles pour Is tabac fluetured 

dans )'Est de Is Caroline du 

Nord . 

Phvtopathologv, 1981 . 71-8, p . 911 . abstr . 

Une enquete sur 84 exploitations de tabac 

flue-cured. choisies au hasard en 1980, re 

vele que les utilisateurs de fumigants du 

so) a action multiple adoptent les prati . 

ques de lutte anti-ravageurs plus facilement 

que les autres exploitants . Lin total de 

74 0 d'entre eux ont traits le so) chimiquement 

en 1980, mats moms de 10 4c ont 

tests la presence de nematodes dans des 

echantillons de sol Plus de 50 4c nont is 

mais observe de perte de rendement due 

a ces ravageurs dans leurs champs ; ils 

n'en escomptent pas moms tin gain denviron 

700 S/ha de I'emploi des nematicides 

On estime a 85 °'o les champs de fluecured 

de Caroline du Nord connaissant une infestation 

legere par les nematodes racinai 

res. Les resultats de 12 essais de nemati 

tides dans ces champs en 1979.80 ont permis 

de menre au point des modeles de 

rentabilite. decnvant les strategies optimales 

de lutte. en fonction des gains attendus 

et calcules . Les cas de rendement 

et de rentabilite positifs pourraient resub 

ter de )'action des nematicides sur des or' 

gartismes non vises et/ou la reaction directe 

de la culture . pluta que dune efftcacte 

en soi sur les nematodes galhgenes . 

371E KoHao M .. TosH]MA E . 

(En japonais) Proprietes des befits de 

tabacs gonfles pour ce qui concerne 

('emergence du lasioderme . 

Sc: . Pap . cen :r. Res. In : . Jpn Tob . Sal : 

pub Co, 1960 . 122. p 97-10 1 

Les crufa de Las : oder,nc sere:rms, son : 

totalemen; Cues au cours du processuc de 

souffla ge force des bans Lors des es sass 

d attraction au moven d ur . u!iactome:,; la 

bans de tabac gun) es se montren ; tom 

tours mums attract ifs pour le, lasiodermes 

adultes oue les autres presenta! :ons de tabs, 

be, vanetes flue-cured Shiroenshu cur e 

2347757

puffed tobacco shreds thanpn tobacco mater. 

,ats mentioned above . From these results, 

it is suggested that puffed tobacco shreds 

must be kept under more controlled condnions 

to prevent beetles flying from near 

bt infested source . 


3719 Ln tssos H .2., LEVt KSo A .R., FaAn 

yet N & a) . 

Pheromone activity of anbydtoserricornin 

and serricornin for male cigarette 

beetles (lasloderma serricorne 

F .) . 

Acmnvtssenschafien,'1981, 683, p . 149c 

Thu paper reports a second pheromone 

component in extracts of unmated females 

of L semcorne which is produced in smaller 

amounts than serricornin . The structure 

of the second pheromone component was 

established be means of gas chromatocrapht, 

mass spectroscopy and synthesis as 

2 e - d iethe 135-dimeth v63,9 

. 35 - dimethyl-34dihydro-2H-pvrane, ou 

plus succinctement, anhydroserricornine . Son 

activite phenormonale est nettement supe' 

neure a celle de la serricornine . Bien que 

ces composants soient endogenes chez L 

serricorne, if reste a etablir s'ils sont tous 

deux emis par la femelle du lasiodenne . 


3720 MCGoWAN I .B . 

(En ang)ais) Tylenchorhynchus clap 

toni, Steiner 2937 : le nematode du 

rabougrissement du tabac . 

Fla Dep. Agric. Consum, Seri ., Dir . 

Plan; Ind. h'emazoi. Circ., 1980, 67, 

2 p . 

Comme parasite du tabac, Tylenchorhvn 

chus clavtoni peut provoquer on rabougris' 

cement modere de la plane et une reduc 

tion de sa croissance en hauteur. Les re 

cherches indiquent que les racines de plan 

tes mfectees sort rabougnes e: ndees, pre' 

sentant en outre une perte de turgidne 

Chez les var. sensibles au fietnssement du 

a Fiat nun; on spot ern tar ntcohcnce. ce s 

nematodes passen: pour augmenter le flrtnssement. 

On a egalemeni obsenc )eu,effets 

pathogens: chez certames rraminer 

et Ieur endommatemeni en association a, 

d autres nematodes chez d autres plant r, 

Ouand la pathoeenicne es muc en evidence 

)es svmptome- d endommagemen t 

nacre son ; dune destruction audessous a de 

)0 cm a pas do svmntbmes obserrables 

Esn resume d'aaaeur .

3721 MCINTOSH A .H ./IGNOFFO C.M . 

Replication and infectivity of the 

singleembedded nuclear polyhedrosls 

virus. Baculovlrus hellothis. in homologous 

cell lines . 

J. Irmeriebr . PathoL, 1981, 373, p . 258- 

64, 

Three cell lines of Heliothis zea and one 

rel: line of Hehothis virescens replicated 

the singleembedded nuclear polvhedrosis 

virus (NPV) of H. tea, (i .e., Bacuiovirus 

hehothis) with eoocomitant . pproduction of 

polyhedral inclusiofi bodies iPIB) . Between 

20 and M Co of the H . zea cells produced 

PIB. whereas only 3 So of H . virescens cells 

were found to produce-PlB . The H. zea cell 

lines produced 10 to 20 times more PIE 

than did the H . rvescens cell line . The PIE 

from all cell lines produced typical svmptoms 

of an NPV infection when bioassaved 

against larvae of H . cea. More than 99 °o 

of the total viral activity of the final whole 

culture was due to the PIE . 


3722 NARESH IS, . NENE Y .L . 

Host range, host preference for oviposition 

and development and the 

dispersal of Bemisla abaci Genna. 

dius, a vector of several plant viruses . 

Indtm: J. agric Sci ., 1980 . 50-6, p . 620-3 . 

Of the 74 plant species (including Aicotiana 

sp 1 belonging to 17 families that were found 

to be alternate hosts of the whitefly (Bemisic 

tabaci). 27 plant species belonging to 

10 families were reported for the first time 

Soya bean (Glecme max) was the most pre. 

leered host for oviposition and develop 

ment it, the test and cowpea (Vigna cat. 

cuicuiaic subsp n4mdricaI was the least 

preferred one The whitefhes were carried 

over lone distances bs the wind . 

From Authors Summo n 

.723 NoRnl\ G .L 

Dietan effects of methoprene on 

\airimorpha necatrix spore yield in 

Heliothis virescens . 

1 In,,' :rii- Porno' 1981 37-! p 1)0- 

s .:'=ie ;ha :on;en :ra :,o- e` me ;hu 

are' e ha\, n -c- demons : rased :o s . 

aria, Ir,:,ea . . 



13( 

1 3721 MCINTOsH A .H ., IGNOFFO G .M . 

(En anglais) Replication at infectivlte 

du virus de In polyhedron nuclesire 

6 enrobage unique, Baculovirus hellothis. 

chez des lignees cellulalres homologues 

. 

J . Invertebr . Parhol., 1981, 37 .3, p . 256- 

64 . 

Trois lignites cellulaires de Heliothis tea 

et une lignee de H . virescens reproduisem 

le virus de Is polyhedrose nucleaire (VPN i 

a enrobagge unique de H . zea (a savoir . 

Baculovi/us heliothis), avec une production 

concomitante d'inclusions polvhedrales (IPI 

Entre 20 ei 60 °o des cellules de H. zeo 

produiseni des IP, Landis que 3 4 seulement 

des cellules de H . virescens en pro 

duisent. Les lignees cellulaires de H . cec 

en produisent 10-20 fois plus que la lignee 

de H. virescens . Les IP de touter )es h . 

gnees provoquent des svmptomes tvptques 

dune infection par VPN, lorsquon les ieste 

contre Its larves de H . :ea . Plus Or 99 It 

de I activite virale totale de la culture finale 

est due auz IP . 


3722 NARESH 3 .S ., NENE Y .L . 

(En anglais) Eventail dT6tes, preference 

pour l'ovtposition it it develop 

pement. it dispersion de Bemisla to 

baci, vecteur de plusieurs virus vegetaut 

. 

Indian 1. agric. Sci ., 1980, 50-8, p . 620-3 . 

Parmi Its 74 especes vegetales (don : A', 

conane sp.) apparienani a 17 families . qui 

apparaissent comme des hates eventuels de 

B. aabaci. 27 appanenant a 10 families sons 

signalees ici pour )a premiere fois. Ghrmc 

max est )'hote prefers pour I'ovipo5nio 

in le developpement de Iinsecte ei ileac 

unpusu)aca subsp cvlmdncc le moins re 

cherche Les mouches blanches sour trans 

portees scar de longues distances par )e 

tent 

Exrr resume daweurs . 

3723 NoROIN G . L 

(En anciais- Action allmentaire du 

methoprene sur la production de spa 

res de \airimorpha necatrix chez He 

hot his virescens . 

1 Iv : r, :rte P. :ro lac : : .i r i! ( 

L aurment a : ; u., senso!e du voids la : a :re 

Ce h' rsc,',' suu: Ie!!e:, de con : suit 

do me!honrr .,e cam {ah me-, :rio`. 

2347759 

Ahm

yens. Coincident with t)y weight increase 

was the stagnation of pbosiological development 

No pupae were obtained in any ex . 

penmental treatments in4olving methoprene . 

A linear relationship between spore yield 

and maximal weight was not statistically 

demonstrated in all treatments. Only me 

thoprene at 50 ppm showed a statistically 

significant correlation, although larval 

weights and spore yield are significantle 

greater among methoprene treatments than 

in controls 

Authors Summary . 

i 

3724 PATEL N .G ., CHARI M .S , 

Screening of new Insecticides in the 

control of tobacco leaf eating caterpillar, 

Spodoptera litura Pb . 

Pesticides . 1980. 14.9, p . 35-7 . 

The insecticides tested at the Bidi Tobacco 

Research Station Anand were : leptophos, 

chlorpvnphos, phosalone, RH 6337, trichlorion 

lemtrothton, ehlorfenrinfos, monocrotophos 

dicrotophos, diazinon, fenvalerate 

and control water spray). Significant differences 

were not observed among RH 6331 . 

phosalone. trichlorfon. and chlorpvriphos . 

Diazmon was found to be less effective . 

Leptophos and fenvalerate were most ef . 

fecute but they did not differ significantly 

from chlorpyriphos, monocrotophos, fenitruthion 

RH 6_37, trichlorfon, dicrotophos 

and chlorfenvmfos at 24 and 48 hours of 

spraying After 72 hours all insecticides 

were at par in their efficacy. Fenvalerate 

chlorpvnphos and leptophos which gave 

quicker kill of larvae can be selected for 

effectite control of S . hrura . 

From Authors' Summar s 

POTTER M .F ., WATSON T .F . 

Induction of diapause in the tobacco 

budworm in Arizona . 

J econ Enrontol. . 1980, 73 .6 . p . 5203 , 

Diapause in Heitot/ne virescens was studied 

under field and laboraton conditions In 

duruon curt es for larvae collected from 

the field and mamta :ned in an outdoor iosenan 

here oel!shaped with peak diapause 

or r_rr:rc from rad- to late-October 

T :nrouchoc: the autumn however onlt a 

.al: percentage of the rota ; field pop's 

tat to- entered diapause Larvae also showed 

a weal. tende nct to diapause in the labora 


PATHOLOGI E .PARASIT E S 

131 

a He mise en evidence . Conjointement a 

cette augmentation, on note la stagnation 

du developpement phvsiologique. On na 

pas obtenu de pupes Bans es traitements 

experimentaux mettant en aeuvre du methoprene 

. Une relation lindaire entre Ten. 

dement en spores ei poids maximal des 

larves We pu Eire demontree Bans sous 

les traitements . Saul le methoprene a 50 ppm 

presente une correlation statistiquement significative 

a cet egard . Cependant, Bans 

)'ensemble des traitements au methoprene, 

poids larvaires ei rendements en spores 

sont sensiblement accrus . 


3724 PATEL N .G ., CHART M .S . 

(En anglais) Easals de selection de 

nouveaux Insecticides pour lutter con . 

tire Spodoptera litura . 

Pesticides, 1980, 14 .9, p. 35.7 . 

Les insecticides testes a la Station de Recherche 

pour le Tabac Bidi (Anand) ont 

eta : le leptophos, le chlorpyriphos, le phosalone, 

RH 6337 . le trichlorfon, le fenitrothion, 

le chlorfenvinphos, It monocrotophos . 

It dicrotophos. le diazinon, Ic femalerate . 

I'eau pulverisee servant de temoin . On na 

pas observe de differences sensibles defficacite 

entre RH 6337, le phosalone, le 

trichlorfon ei le chlorpyriphos . Le diazinon 

s'est montre le moms efficace . le leptophos 

et le fencalerate les plus efficaces . Mais 

ceux-ci ne different guere du chlordcriphos . 

du monocrotophos, du fenitrothion, de RH 

6337, du trichlorofon, du dicrotophos ei du 

chlorfenyinphos 24 et 48 h apres pulverisa 

tion. Au bout de 72 h, tous les insecticides 

sont a egahte . Le fencalerate, le chlorp3riphos 

et le leptophos, qui tuent plus rapidement 

les larves . peuvent etre choisis 

pour lutter efficacement contre S . htur a 

D apres resume d'auieur s 

3725 POTTER M .F., NATSO\ T .F . 

(En anglais) Declenchement de la diapause 

chez Heliothis virescens Bans 

)'Arizona . 

J. econ . Entomo( ., 1980 73.6, p . 620.3 . 

La diapause chez H rvescens a etc etudtee 

dans des conditions de chamr e : dr )aboratoire. 

Les courbes de drelerrhemer : 

pour )es lanes collectees en champ e : 

maim enues Bans can msectarmm dr Die : : 

air on: ate en forme de cloche ate : car o ., 

de diapause se produisan : de Ia m : a is 

fm Orion,, Tour le long do ! automne c 

pencant can . Pei : : pourcentage ceuiement 

de )a population en champ entre en dia- 

2347760

ton when reared under a constant tern perature 

of 20 C and daylengths of 10, 115 . 

12. 12 .5. 13, and 14 he'. The 12.125 hr light 

regimes produced the greatest levels of 

diapause, despite large variability among 

replications of the same treatment . High 

temperatures (25 C) reduced the diapause 

response at all photoperiods tested . 


3726 Pony M .F ., WATSON T .F . 

Termination of dtapause in the tobac . 

co budworm in Aelaona . 

J. econ. Enromof., 1980, 73-6, p . 847-50. 

Termination of diapause in Heliorhis virescens 

was studied under both natural and 

laboraton conditions . Moth emergence from 

orerwtmering pupae held outdoors in flats 

of soil occurred from mid-March to early 

Ma' with most moths appearing during 

the first 4 weeks of April . Emergence dates 

of male and female moths were similar and 

the average fecundity of ovenvintering females 

was 750 eggs. In the laboraton . as 

temperature increased, the time required 

for emergence of diapausing pupae decreased. 

Moisture, however, had no significant 

effect on rate of emergence . Extending ini . 

tial pupal exposure at 10 C from 40.76 days 

decreased the time required for moth emergence 

Longer periods of cold treatment 

had not additional effect . Pupae held out . 

doors and transferred to 23-C at regular 

intervals during winter and earh spring 

required ca. the same number of days for 

adult emergence. - 


3;27 Rso K .K . 

Life histon of tobacco budworm . He' 

liothis assulta, Guenee . 

/tNi Na:, Svmp. Tob .. Rajahmundre, 

1961 . p. 67, abstr . 

Ada! : longezm studies under laboraton 

cond:uons or, FC\' tobacco showed that 

the male ; heed on at,, average 74 chi's 

..hilt females lived up to 8.i dais The 

ovtpovuon period varied from I to 10 days 

the at eraet being e . 'z ; days Pre. as well 

as post-ovtpustuo n periods were found to 

van between 0 to 3 dais The fecundtt 

of a sincie female ranged from 11- to 

] .32 ieecs the average being 5324 . Incubation 



132 

pause. Its larves montrent aussi une faible 

tendance 6 la diapause en laboratoire lors 

qu'on Les eleve sous temperature constante 

1 ,201 et Iongueurs de jours do 10, 115 . 

12, 12.5, 13 ei 14 It. Le regime d'eclairement 

de 12-123 It donne Les plus hauts niveaux 

de diapause, an depit de granites variations 

entre let repetitions d'un mEme essai . La 

temperature elevee de 25° reduit Is read 

tion de diapause pour routes les photo 

periodes testees . 


3726 Pot'rua M .F ., WATS N T .F . 

(En anglais) Fin de Is diapause ehez 

Hellothis vlreacens dans I'Arlaona . 

J. econ . Enromol.. 1980, 73-6, p. 847-50 . 

L'etude a ere faire a Its fois dans des 

conditions naturelles et de laboratoire 

Lemergence des papillons apres hivernage 

des pupes, maintenues a I'exterieur dens 

des plaques de terre, se produit de Its mi 

Mars au debut de Mai. Its plupan des 

papillons faisant leur apparition pendant 

les 4 premieres -semaines d'Avril. Les dates 

d'emergence des males et femelles sons 

semblables et la fecondite movenne des 

femelles avant hiveme est de '750 aufs . 

En laboratoire, pour une temperature crms 

sante . le temps necessaire pour ]'emergence 

des pupes diminue. En revanche, I'humidne 

n'a pas d'influence sensible sur la rapidrte 

de ]'emergence. Si ]'on prolonge la duree 

d'exposition initiate a 10 de 40,76 jours, 

le temps requis pour ]'emergence dimtnue . 

De plus longues periodes de traitemenI par 

Is froid n'ont pas d'effet addumonnel . Les 

pupes laissees a l'exterieur, puts transferees 

a 23' . a intervalles reguliers au tours 

de I'hiver et au debut du printemps . ont 

besoin a peu pres du m6me nombre de 

jours pour emerger comme adultes . 


3727 Rso K .N . 

(En angla)s) Etude du developpement 

de Heliothls usulta . 

It 02 Na :. Svmp . Tob .. Ralahmundn, 

1981, p. 67, abstr . 

Les etudes de longevite en laboratoire sur 

tabac de Virginia montrent oue Its males 

adultes vtt em en movenne 74 ours tan 

dis cue let femelles yttent iusqu'a E- tour : 

La periode de poste dure de I a IC' tours 

Is movenne etant 5.37 tours Les penude 

pre . e : pusI ponce vanent en :re 0 e: 3 tours 

La fecondnr dune scale femeile es: de 

H7 1331 Buts Is movenne elan : de 5324 

La pe,riode d'mcubauun duce 3 tours . Le s 

2347761

period lasted 3 days . La{vae completed development 

within 13 to 17 days. Pupal 

period varied between 10 to 12 days . the 

average being 11 .4 days . 

372E SALAZAR FIGUEROA L . 

(In Spanish) Morphometric variations 

and reaction of nine differential hosts 

to three Meloldogvne javanica pope 

lations of Costa Rica . 

Turrialba, 1980, 30-3, p . 34451 . 

Three Meloidpgvne javanica populations 

(MJ-I . MJ-2 and MJd) collected from Theobromc 

cacao, Niconana tabacum and Sta- 

Nrvtarphetc jamaicense at different localities 

of Costa Rica, were characterized 

morphometncalk and the reaction of nine 

differential hosts . inoculated with them, 

was also recorded . Significant differences 

anionic populations were found in some 

physical and physiological traits . Florunner 

.., peanut . Delta Pine L-16 cotton, 

, . Puerto Rico sweet potato and Tioga 

strawberry were not good hosts . wherea s 

NC.95 tobacco . All-Gold sweet potato 

and Minnesota A401 com were good hosts 

for the three populations . California 

"order pepper was a good host for 

M3 2 . tatr for MJ-3 and bad for MJ-1 . 

. Charleston Gray . watermelon was a good 

host for MJd but fair for MJ-I and MJ-2 . 

The reproduction rate of M . javanica was 

variabie not onl) among populations on a 

given host but among different host inoculat . 

ed with the same populations . 

From Author's English Summary , 

3729 SA"THARAAI G . . BALASUBRAMANIAN M . 

Note on the control of Spodoptera 

Ittura Fabriclus (Lepidoptera : Noc 

tuldae) on tobacco with a nuclear 

polvhedrosls virus and dlfubenzuron . 

Jnd :m: 1. agnc Sc, .. 1980 50.9 . p . 72 6 

The outbreak of the pest in a 75-day-old 

. \azhaikkappal .. tobacco near Sathiaman 

gala-, ICotmbatore district I during Februan 

19-9 aas utilized for the experiment A 

randomized tea' wnh 3 replications an d 

a plot size of 10 m: as laid out 

\\nh:n 2 dais atte- treatment chlorpvri . 

phos and tent alerate gave complete pest 

cunt rot whercas the combination of chior 

pvriphos at halt dos's and nuclear poll 

hedros,s ti-us (NP\' at ]2S larval eau, 

ta .ems ha and dich]urtos were on a pa r 

there. SP\ are d :flubenzuron gate 

c-.t Ics- ;:',ar 3( t, co- :rol 4F hours after 


PATHOLOGJE-PARASITE S 

larves completent leur developpement en 

13-17 jours. La periode pupe esi de 10. 

12 jours avec tine moyenne de 11A jours . 

3728 SAUUR FIGUEROA L . 

(En espagnol) Variations morphomdtrlques 

at tlactlon de nets( hbtes IS 

trots populations de Meloldogyne javanica 

au Costa Rlca . 

Turrialba, 1980, 30.3, p . 344-51 . 

Trots populations de M . javanica (Ml-l, MJ- 

2 et MJ-3) . recueillies sur Theobroma cacao, 

Nicoriona tabacum et Stachviarpheta jamaicense 

dans differents lieux du Costa 

Rica, ont die caracterisdes morphometriquemem 

et Its reactions dun assortimeni 

de 9 hates, auxquels les ne 

matodes etaient inocules, ont did enregis' 

trees. Des differences significatives entre 

cc. populations sont observees pour plu 

sieurs caracteres phvsiques et physiologiques. 

L'arachide Florunner , It colon 

Delta Pine L-16 . la patate douce Puer. 

to Rico . et Is fraise Tioga ne sort 

pas de bons hates pour les trots populations 

de nematodes, tandis que le tabac NC- 

95 ., la patate douce All Gold et le 

mais Minnesota A-401 e sont . Le poi 

%re California Wonder lest un bon h6te 

pour MJ-2, moyen pour MJd et mauvais 

pour MJ-1 . La pasteque . Charleston Gray 

est tan bon hate pour MJ-3 . mais un hote 

moyen pour MLI ci MJ 2 . Le taus de reproduction 

de M. tavamca vane non seu 

lement entire populations sur on hate dory 

ne . mais entre differents h6tes inocules pales 

memes population s 

Eztr. resume anglais d'auteu r 

3729 SASTHARAM G . . BALASUBRAMANIAF M . 

(En anglais) Note sur Its lone eontre 

Spodoptera Iltura sur It tabac a Valde 

dun virus de Is polyhedrose no . 

clealre et de diflubenzuron. 

Indian J. agnc Set . . 1980. 509, p 726- 

7 

L'attaque du ravageur sur tabac Vazhaik . 

kappa) Or 75.. jours. dans )e district de 

Coimbatore en 1979 a sera de suie : a Ia 

preserve etude Un essa : randomise a 3 repetitions 

a etc mis sur pied sur parcellede 

10 m' Deus tours apres trai ternen : iv 

ch]oros nphos ei le femalerate on : el:mnt 

comaleiement le ravaeeur tandis qot Ia 

comb:natson chlorpvriphos a demi dote 

virus de :a ookhedrose nuclea :,re (CPX' a 

ratcon de 125 eouivalems lan'aires ha e ; 

d : :hlon o, on: etc a eealne ate : ces irai 

temen :s La cornbmaison \'PN - difluber' 

zuror. .a que 30 ', d'e`ficante 4F h apre s 

2347762

application (since the Arvae have to ingest 

it for its effectiveness). But after one week 

all the treatments including NPV and di. 

flubenzuron gave good control . 


3730 STADELBACHER E .A., MARTIN D .F . 

Fall diapause and spring emergence 

of Heliothis virescens, H. subflesa. 

and backcrosses of their hybrid . 

Environ. Eniomol., 1981 . 10-1, p . 13942. 

S 

i 

Heltoihis virescens, H. subflexa, and the 

backcross 8 larval projenv of [(H. sub. 

flexe female x H . virescens male) x H . 

rvesrens male . .. 7] produced diapausing 

pupa! populations in the fall that survived 

the w inter and emerged as adults the following 

year. Emergence curves were unique 

for each parent species ; that of the backcrosses 

was influenced b% the paternal 

parent Spring emergence of BC, was in 

close synchrony with that of H . virescens . 

The percentage of BC, insects to survive 

the winter and emerge the following year 

was as high as that of H . virescens . Once 

infused into the native population, the 

sterile male trait should be perpetuated 

through diapause from ear to year until 

the native population is' suppressed . 


373) TAKEDA N ., YAMAZAKI M ., Goto F . 

(In Japanese) Studies on behaviour 

of ethvlthlometon in tobacco leaves 

and Its insecticidal activity . 

Sot Pap. centr. Res. Inst . Jpn Tob . 

Salt pub. Co, 1980, 122, p . 13 . 9 

Behaviour of ethvlthiometon (0,0-diethyl 

S-ethvl.2-mercaptoethvl phosphorodithioate) 

applied into soil Just after transplantation 

was studied during growing stage of to' 

bacco plants under greenhouse conditions . 

Ethvlthiomeeon and its oxidative metabo 

hies were detected in soil throughout the 

experiment . while only its oxidative metabohtes 

were found in tobacco leaves 

Concentration of the insecticide in the 

leaves gradually increased until E9 days after 

the application except for the lower leaves 

At am crowing state . lower leaves contained 

more of the insecticide than,. upper 

)eat es LC, to ,lp rites persicac was determined 

and detected to be 53 porn Set era' 

lea ; es around apes contained less of the 

Insectinde ttan the LC . value and had 

a yen lots insecticidal artist . 

Front .4uPows' Engitsir Sun .Ina- . 



application fees leaves deviant inFerer Ic 

produit avant que celui-ci ne manifeste sa 

pleine efficacitC). Mats It une semaine, 

tous Jes traitements ont donne satisfaction . 

Exrr. resume d'aureurs . 

3730 STADEUACHER EA ., MARTIN D .F . 

(En anglais) Dlapauae automnale at 

emergence prlntanltre de Heliothis vi . 

restarts, H. subteen et des retrocrolsements 

de lour hybrids. 

Environ. Entomol ., 1981, 10.1, p . 13942 . 

Heliothis virescens, H. subflexa et la descendance 

larvaire du retrocroisement E (H . 

subflesa femelle x H . virescens male) x 

H. virescens male ... 7 fois, donnent des populations 

de pupes entrant en diapause a 

l'automne, qui survivent a l'hiver et emergent 

commit adultes fanner suivante. Les 

courbes d'emergence sont uniques pour chaque 

espece parenie ; celle des retrocroisements 

est influencee par le parent paternel . 

L'emergence printaniere des BC, est etroitement 

svnchrone avec celle de H virescens 

Le pourcentage d'insectes BC, a passer I'hi . 

vier et emerger l'annee suivante esM aussi 

eleve que celui de H . virescens . line fois 

introduit dans la population indigene, le 

trait sterile male devrait se perpetuer par 

1'entremise de la diapause . dannee en an 

nee. iusqua suppression de la population 

Indigene . 


3731 TAKEDA N ., YAMAZAKI M ., GOTO F . 

(En japonais) Etudes sur Ie comportement 

de l'ethvlthiometon dens les 

facilities de tabac et son acts ice in 

seclicide . 

Sci. Pap. centr. Res. Inst . Jinn Tob . 

Salt pub. Co. 1980 . 122, it . 13 .9 . 

Le devenir de I'ethvlthiometon (O,O .diethv) 

54thyl-2-mercaptoethvl phosphorodithioate, 

applique dans le sou juste apres transplantation 

du tabac . a ete etudie durant louse 

la croissance de la plante en serve . L'etht lthiometon 

et ses metabolites doxydauon 

sont detectes dans Its sou durant toute )'experience 

alors que seuls le, metabolites 

d'oxvdation son ; detectes dans le, feuille, 

La con :. de ]insecticide dans relles .n aug 

mente progresvvement lusqu au ESe lour 

sauf dans )es fewlles basses (Due! que soa 

le stade de la croissance relies-cCr. co-, 

tiennent plus que lee feutlies haute, L> 

CL. du product ns.avis de ti . ;i,s pers :cc, 

est estimee a 5.3 ppm Plusieurs feuilleautour 

de lapel en contennen : moms quo 

ceite raseu e: Presenter ; don,c une Ire, 

faibie aci : ;ne Insecticid e 

.D cores resume aegims dauteurs 

2347763 

r

3732 TINGLE F .C ., M1TCHKL E .R . 

Relationships between pheromone trap 

catches of male tobacco budwortn . 

larval Infestations and damage levels 

U. tobacco. 

J. econ. Entomol ., 1981, 74-4, p . 43140. 

Sleniftcant correlations were found between 

pheromone-baited trap catches of Hefiothis 

+vescens (F .) males and (I) larval toles . 

tations and (21 damage levels in tobacco 

t hen trap catches were' compared with 

'oral and plant damage counts made one 

and two weeks later . Correlation also was 

s:emhcant between larval 'infestation and 

pant damage counts made the same week . 

Authors' Summar) . 

3733 TRt-vvA\ 3 V, . . TAGHERT P .H ., COPENHAVER 

P.F & a l 

Eclosion hormone may control all 

ecdvses in insects . 

Nature . 1981, 291-5810 . p . 741 . 

Althouch it was originally thought that 

e:losion hormone (EH) was used only for 

the rather specialized adult ecdysis, it is 

reported here that the hormone is used 

for all postembrvonic ecdvses in the life 

hlstors of moths. but its source varies 

wnh developmental stage . Moreover, EH 

mat be common to a wide varier of insects. 

For the ecdvses of the adult, pupa, 

and the 5th instar larva of the tobacco 

hornworm Manduca sera, EH appeared 

to the blood before the start of the ecdvses 

behaviour Also . injections of partially pu . 

shed EH caused precocious ecdvses of the 

three staves with 50 wo responses occurring 

at 0 .3. 0.02 and 0.01 EH units . respectirel 3 

\ uut Aso E .J . 

Field competitiveness of sterile male 

boll weevils released In the boll wee. 

vii eradication trial . 1979 . 

J e1, . Enro',io! 19F1 744, p 373 . 9 

Compentit eness of sterile male boll w'ee 

t :1- 4 t :homm~ms ercndts grovdls Bohemar 

. released in Inc 'bolt weevil eradicanon 

trial at erased 117 of Sterile males ere 

. . . nth more comoetititr acatnsl maie, 

c' la natr s strain when laboraton strait 

tire :r females rather n nant e s -rn t o 

r 7,, were re'easec C0( s t_' ,i~ La no 

eon qua:à con:ro' tests of Mor ;a!m arid 


PAT HOLOGI E-PARASITE S 

3732 TINGLE F .C ., MITCHELL E .R . 

(En anglais) Relations nitre lea prh 

W de miles de Heuothis virescens 

par lea pleges i pheromones, l'infestation 

par lea lanes de i'Ineecte at 

be niveau dandommagement du tithed . 

J. econ. Entomol., 1981, 74-4, p. 43740 . 

Des correlations significatives sont obser. 

vees entre It nombre de miles captures 

dans les pieges, ('infestation lanaire et les 

dommages causes au tabac lorsqu'on compare 

ces prises aver les denombremems 

lan'atres et lei evaluations de l'endommagement 

I et 2 semaines plus tard . Darts une 

meme semaine, Is correlation est significative 

entre l'infestation larvaire et I'endom . 

magement du tabac . 

Resume d'auieurs 

3733 TRLMA\ J .W ., TAGHERT P .H ., CoPENHACER 

P .F. & a) . 

(En anglais) L hormone d'eclodon peut 

eontr6ler toutes lea mues de l'lnsecte . 

Nature . 1981 . 291 .5810, p . 70 .1 . 

Bien qu'on an initialement pense que l'hormone 

d'eclosion (HE) agissait seulement 

aux stades ryes specialises de la mue adulte, 

on constate ici que cetie hormone est 

utilisee pour toutes les mues post-embnon 

mires durant le cycle de vie des papillons 

mats que son engine vane aver le stade 

de developpement . On pense. en outre. que 

1'HE pourrait titre commune a une large 

gamme dinsectes . Pour Its mues de I 'aduh 

te. de la pupe et du 5e stade lanaire de 

Manduca sexia . ]'HE apparait dans )e sane 

avant It debut de )a mue . De meme. des 

inientons d'HE partiellement purifiee provoquent 

la mue precoce de ces trois stades 

avec une reaction de 50 to resoeaivement 

pour 0.3, 002 e; 0.01 unites d'H E 

3734 VILLA\'ASO E .J . 

(En anclats) Competitivite an champ 

des miles steriles d'Anthonomus gram 

dis itches lors de l'essai d'eradicatlon 

effectue en 1979 . 

J econ, Eutomoi ., 19F1 74.: p 373.3 

La competitirue du male sterile d 4 - 

dis eraudis a e;e e n mot enne d: 1 ; - 

Les male, stenles on ; ete vcna :catit entc'' 

P.u, compell :!I4 "is-a.'is do Is EouCr . -le 

name lorsque des femelles ner_er, d : 

suuche laboratoi re oluto : que de south : 

mutt etatent ;arhers (20 't Conirt' t .2 t . 

Les tens ce labora :o:re concernant )a mar 

tahte e: laptitude a sappar:er des male,

mating ability fndic ted that the sterile 

males were inferior ter those used in previous 

years. Treated females laid fewer than five 

eggs each . No progeny developed from 

treated female x normal male crosses . Of 

the eggs laid by treated females, 89 at were 

identifiable by traces of dye found on 

them . 


3735 ViNSON S .B .. Ants J .R . 

lnterapectflc empentlen .among eadoparaNtoids 

of tobacco budworm lar . 

vae (Lep . : Noetddae) . 

Entamophaga, 1980, 25-4, p . 357-62 . 

The ability of female larvae endoparasitoids 

(Microplirts croceipes, Cardiochiles nigriceps 

and Cam pc/ens sonorensis) to distinguish 

between unparasitized tobacco bud . 

worm. Heliorhis virescens larvae and H . 

virescens larvae parasitized by the larval 

egg parasitoid Chelonus insularis, was determined 

in laboratory studies . The fact 

that they were =capable to do it, result . 

ed in multiple parasitism. The ensuing competition 

demonstrated that C . sonorensis 

and M . croceipes were intrinsically superior 

to C. insularis. Both larvae endoparasitoids 

destroyed the older C. insularis lance in 

the host by physicall' attacking the latter . 

On the contras, the' presence of C. insulans 

in the host was found to prevent the 

hatch of competing eggs from C. nigriceps 

through physiological suppression . The resuits 

show that the early attack of a host 

by an egg larval parasitoid is not necessaril> 

advantageous . 


PATHOLOGY-DISEASES 

See also : 3606 . 366E, 3677, 3688, 3694, 3695 , 

3701 . 3702 . 3720 

and title ref . : 391&393 0 

373t BELCHEP C . MESSAGE B ., DEaiEC D . & 

Use of P-I incompatibility group plasmids 

to introduce transposons into 

Pseudomonas solanacearum . 

PAttopatltoiogt ]9E1 71 .6 p 639 .4 2 

Strain 1166 of Pseudomonas solanarec tus 

canna : s:a'n), maintain P-1 rncompauol :q 


PATHOLOGY-DISEASE S 

136 

steriles indiquent que ceux-ci sont inferieurs 

A eel tgard i ceus des annees precedentes . 

Les femelles sttrilisees pondent moms de 

5 teufs chacnme. Il ne se dtveloppe pas 

de descendance A panir dun croisemeni 

femelle traitte x mile normal . Des eufs 

pondus par Les femelles traitees, 89 9s peu 

vent etre identifies par Its traces de colorant 

trouves sur cult . 


3735 VINSON S9 ., Ants J .R . 

(En anglais) Competition interapeclflqut 

pared tee endoparasitoides des 

lanes de Hellothis vlrcacens. 

Entomophaga, 1980, 25-4, p . 357-62 . 

On a determine en laboratoire la capacite 

des endoparasitoides de lanes femelles 

(Microplitis croceipes, Cardiochiles nigriceps 

et Campoleris sonorensis) de faire la distinction 

mere larves non parasitees de H . 

virescens et larves de cet insecte parasite 

par Chenolus insularis . Celle incapacite a 

pour resultat un multi-parasitisme lanaire . 

a competition qui s'ensuit montre que C 

sonorensis et M . croceipes sont intrinsequement 

superieurs a C. insu/aris. Les deux 

premiers endoparasitoides deiruisent Les tar 

yes plus anciennes du troisieme, en les ar 

taquant. En revanche, on connate que la 

presence de lanes de C . insutaris chez 

Thou empeche l'eclosion des osufs du competiteur 

C. ntgncep` par suppression php 

siologique On voil done que )a primaute 

d'attaque de ]'hate par un parasitoide n'est 

pas necessairement un avantage pour celui' 

Cl . 

Dapres resume d'auteur s 

PATHOLOGIE .MALADIE S 

Von suss, , 3606, 366E 3677 . 3688 . 3694, 3699 

3701, 3702 . 372 0 

et ref. signal . : 3918-393 0 

3736 BotcHER C .. MESSAGE B . DEBIrt D & 

a l 

(En anglais) Emploi de plasmides du 

groupe d'incompatibllite P-1 pour in 

troduire des transposons dans Pseu 

domonas solanacearum . 

Phttopatho!ogt 1921 71 t p 639- :2 

La souche Kb0 de Pseudonones soloncccarunr 

r acgweri pas de iacon stable Les pla n 

2347765

group plasmids . However; it is possible to 

isolate derivatives that receive and maintain 

these plasmids. This svseem has been used 

to mutagemze the strain with transposons 

Tn5. Tn7 and Tnl0. In P. solanacearum 

Tn5 and TnlO are transposed with a re 

latitel) high frequency (5 x 10-') . and one 

percent of the transposomharboring clones 

obtained were auxotrophs . The transposition 

frequency with Tn7 is low . 

Authors' Summar y 

i 

37 37 BRGMAS A ., GALCR E . 

Plant protoplasts as 'tools in quan . 

tltatlve assays of phvtotoxic compounds 

from culture filtrates of Phv' 

tophthora citrophthora . 

Pir,siol . Plana Parhol ., 1981 . 19.2. p . 181- 

9 1 

Pant protoplasts (among which those from 

A tronana so ) provide a sensitive bioassay 

for estimating partially purified toxins 

PPT' of Prrophrhorc citrophihora . Assays 

for determining the effect of PPT on proto 

plasts were compared by : fluorescein diacetate 

(FD.A) viability staining, colon' for . 

oration and r"cl-amino acid uptake Inhi' 

b ::ion of ["C)-amino acid uptake proved to 

be the most sensitive method for quantif% 

ing PPT The following conditions influencing 

the effect of PPT on protoplasts were 

investigated exposure time, toxin concentration 

and protoplast concentration . An 

inverse correlation between PPT concentration 

and duration of exposure was ob . 

served , sensitivity to PPT was highly de 

pendent on protoplast density . 

From Authors' Summat e 

273E BL'DDE A .D . . HELGESO\ J .P . 

Chronology of phvioalexin production 

and histological changes in tobacco 

callus infected with Phytophthora parasitica 

var. Ncotianae . 

Phvropgrhology, 1981 71 .8, p . 864, abst r 

Funea` ; rtection was determined be cotton. 

blue s :a :nmg Tissues up to I mm beloye 

in-, :n; enton dropie~ and ad tacent to the 

:a:nec sections sere anait zed for capsidto' 

ruh. : ::n and related sesgmteroenes bt ouam 

. ..a:nr GLC The compounds built up to 

magma ci! 2CC- tic c fresh tit a: three da'- 

:h: cum Da:ibie ante : ac von. and 6C! -c c 

troth .. : a : 5 dais in the incompatibie sttua- 


mides du groupe d'incompatibilitt P-1 . A 

la suite de differents traitements, it est 

possible disoler des derives qui recoivent 

et maintiennent ces plasmides. Ce systeme 

a dte utilise pour mutageniser cette souche 

avec les transposons TnS . Tn7 et TnIO . 

Darts P. solanacearum, Tn5 et Tn10 sont 

transposes is relativement haute frtquence 

(5 x 10-') et I Ae des mutants obtenus sont 

auxotrophes. Dans le cas de Tn7 au con 

traire. la frequence de transposition obser 

vee est faible . 

3737 BREIw x A . GAUC : E . 

(En anglais) to protoplastes de ve 

gdtaux comme Instruments pour do . 

stir Its composes phytotoxiques de flh 

[trots de culture de Phytophthora cb 

trophthora . 

Phvsto!. Plan, Patho! . . 1981 . 192, p . 181- 

91 . 

Les protoplastes de vegetaux (dons ceux de 

Nicoriana sp.) peuvent constituer un test 

biologique pour doser les toxines partiellement 

purifiees (TPP) de P. curophthorc . 

Les essais de determination de faction des 

TPP sur les protoplastes tint ete comparativement 

effectues par : coloration de viabilite 

au dtacetate de fluoresceime, formation 

de colonies et absorption dacides amines 

marques au "C L'inhibition de cette 

absorption s'avere titre la methode la plus 

sensible pour dose . quantitativement les 

TPP. Les conditions suivantes . affectant 

faction des TPP . om ete examinees : temps 

d'exposition, conc . en toxines . conc. en pro 

toplastes On observe une correlation inverse 

entre conc. en TPP et duree d'expo . 

sition t la sensibilite aux TPP est tres de 

pendante de la density des protoplaste s 

Dares resume dauieur s 

373E BrooE A .D . . HELCESO> J .P . 

(En anglats) Chronologle de Is pro 

duction de phvtoalexlnes ei modifications 

histologiques des cals de to 

bay infectes par Phvtophthora parasi . 

tlca var. Ncotianae . 

Phvropathologt, 19F) 71-8, p Sea abr.- 

L'inien ton fongique a ete determmee- pa 

coloration bleue au colon Les tissus tuseu a 

I mm au-dessous de It pout :ele :te d t--t, 

Zion et ad iacents aut section, coiorces on~ 

etc analtses pour leurs tenrura e- cars 

dtol rash: tine ei sesnuneroenes aooarenies 

par GLC Lr> composes s accumuient ms 

ou a tin man:mum de 20C' tie c de pads 

;rats au :roatemc tour de interaction de

non . In the compat9ble interaction there 

was a rapid decline of phvtoalexins which 

appeared to be associated with cell death 

The decline of phvtoa)exins in the resistant 

tissue was less pronounced . These results . 

along with prior studies which indicate that 

resistance is established within 24 hours 

suggest that tobacco phy'toalexins are pro 

duced in response to cell stress and ma . 

not be closely correlated with primary resistance 

to Ppn . 

3739 COLE J .S-, ZVEHY11U Z- 

16 

Uptake of benodanil by tobacco seedlings 

and its relation to the rate of 

application and control of Rhizoctonia 

solani . 

Pestic . Sci ., 1961 . 12, p . 206-10 . 

Damage to the underground pan of the 

stems of tobacco seedlings drenched with 

benodani : in the seedbeds and transplanted 

into field soil containing Rhizononm salon : 

Kuhn, was negaueel' correlated with 

logsamoum of benodanil appliedl. During 

the first 3 weeks of growth, the dry mass 

per seedling was positively correlated with 

the rate of benodanil applied and negative)' 

correlated with stem damage . Concentrations 

of the fungicide extractable from roots 

stems and leaves at transplanting and after 

21 days were positiveh correlated with the 

rates of application . In 2) days they decreased 

bs 94 t'-c in stems and roots . Stem damage 

at 21 days after planting was negatively 

correlated with iog(benodanil concentration) 

di planting and 21 days later . 


3740 EnRr'A A .M .. CHOLASOt A. !~ .I . . GEORGIEsA 

L D 

Biochemical and cytochemical stud, 

of some enzymes in Erysiphe cicho 

racearum D.C. and Peronospora tabacina 

A .. tobacco parasites . 

Bt[_ 91cd Acid, Do/I 1960 t3-E 

p 1)37 .4(' 

Thy obis : : 01 the studs was the ac:nus 

one U! t`~ I' e en :ar-helerocenuus cumposn,or. 

a sri t' vin,, par, ❑ oa ::nC m dine : 

sc° :aS~ :t; inks as tie'. a the lu:a .a 

:ro- )r. P and E

o! s:mi)ar features : retinae of the same 

enzymes functions, enzyme polymorphism . 

stm ;:ar spectrum of some enzymes (PO . 

GDH . G6PDH) which may be associated with 

the fact that they parasitize on the same 

host 

From Authors' Summary , 

3741 FARIH A ., Tsao P .H., Mv4c1, J .A . 

In vitro effects of metalaxyl on 

growth, sporWdtios and germination 

of Phftophthora panaltica and P. ci . 

trophthora . 

Plan Du-, 1981, 654, p. 6514 . 

Me :aiax.! at loin concentrations was highh 

mh :boon to mvicel ;al growth and forma . 

troy of sporangia, chiamvdospores, and 

oospores of Phvmph ;horo parasinea and/or 

P nrrovh ;hora. Chlamydospore germination 

was sensitive to low concentrations of metalaAtl. 

but zoospore germination was not 

creatl, reduced . With both spore types, 

however. germ tube growth was highh ten . 

vote to metalaxyl. Meta)axyl therefore con 

t-ols Inc dscases caused by these Plivtoph 

;bore tong: be affecting the pathogens at 

all staees of their life cycle , 

Authors' Summo n 

3742 FARIH A ., TsAO P .M ., Masot J .A . 

Fungitoxic acthdrv of efoslte alumb 

nium on growth, sporulation and get . 

mination of Phvtophtbora pansltica 

and P. cltrophthora . 

Ph,vopa;holog.t . 1981, 71 .9. p. 934 . 6 

Efostte Al was no: highly inhibiton' to 

mt ce!:a' growth but was siighth more 

acti,e aeams: Phnovh;ho,c rn.oph;hora 

than. aeamst P. varasncc ; the ED .,- values 

see 1 .14c and 285 mg 'I at 3 days and 929 

and 3t mc) at 7 days for P pcrasnsa and 

p neon :hora respecut eft Formation of 

snurencta chlamvdospores and oospores 

tt a hsh'y sensnive to efosne .Al but zou 

spure eerm,nauon eh)amcdotpore cermma 

tier, and Vern. tube crook. ter: :nserv:ne 

to lov concernrr ons HOC mr 1 or less' of 

he iunnlnde Jndl reel snorangturr. ee'mtn : . 

t .0 p' P pc :GSC:

3743 FRENCH R .C ., NRLSON C .L . 

The effect of nicotine and elated 

compounds on germination and vac 

titillation in several species of rust 

uredospores . 

Phvsiol. Plant Parhol., 1981, 19-2 . p . 201 . 

Nicotine at 25 to 250 al 1-' stimulated get 

minatwn of uredospores of Puccinia gramims 

var. tririci, P. punctijormis, P . coronata . 

L'romcces pphaseoh, U . vignae, but not P. 

heltanihi. Compoudds related to nicotine, 

he 2cvafo. 3-cyano, and 4-cyanopyridines, 

the 2-vinyl and 4-vinvipyridines . pvirole and 

pvridme, induced different patterns of germination 

responses among the different rust 

species . Pvrrolidine was not stimulatonv . At 

high concentrations . 500 and 1,000 pl 1-' 

nicotine induced extensive vacuolation in 

uredospores of all species except P. puncrtrormis 

. Some of the compounds related 

to nicotine also induced vacuolation . The 

ability of a compound to induce germination 

was not always correlated with ability to 

induce vacuolation . Chemically induced vacuoles 

absorbed neutral red, -indicating an 

active metabolic uptake of the dye . 


3744 ]''ACCHE\A-GABROVSKA T., KAotn S .R . 

(In Bulgarian) Effect of some chemical 

preparations on black root rot on 

tobacco (Thlelavlopafs baslcola (Berk . 

at Be .) Ferraris) . 

Rastenied. Nauk . 1980, 17-E, p . 100. 4 

The effect of 7 fungicides and 2 preparations 

hating complex action was tested in vitro 

and in greenhouse conditions against Thtr 

iavtopsts basirola Most of them resulted 

to complete killing of the fungus . Plants are 

full' protected aea -e : black root rot b3 

Ben`.ate 0.05 ii any Benlate 0 .05 °r - Cu . 

prozin 035 'c whey, these are introduced 

a: sowtnc w;h:le in treatment with Cnpto 

no 00 4 and Cuprocnn 04 °c single plants 

ma' become aft ected Basamid granulate 

4C mg in is also an er; remeh prornts :nc 

preparation but t : de'.a'S sproutine b' 

5 da's 

F o-:- .4urho,s Eneitsi- Su' :ntc„ 



I .( 

3743 FRENCH R .C., WltsoN C .L. 

(En anglais) Influence de In nicotine 

at des composts app■rentes our is 

germination at Is vacuolation cba plustews 

especes d'urfdospons de roull- 

Is. 

Physiol. Plant Pathol ., 1981, 19-2, p . 201 . 

7 . 

Aux doses de 25-250 pl/1, Is nicotine stimule 

Its germination des uredospores de Puccinia 

gra ntnis var. tririci, P. puncriiormts . 

P. coronata, Uromyces phaseoh, L'. vtgnac, 

mais non P. helianrhi. Les composes apparentes 

a la nicotine, tels que les 2-cvano, 

3-cyano et 4-cyanopyridines, les 2-vinyl et 

4-vinylpvridines, le pyrrole et la pyridine, 

provoquent chez les differences especes de 

rouille differents types de reaction germi 

native. La pyrrolidine n'a pas diction sit 

mulante . A conc. tlevees, 500 et 1000 On 

]a nicotine provoque une vacuolation ge . 

neralisee chez les uredospores de toutes les 

especes sauf P. punctr/ormis . Certains des 

composes apparentes a la nicotine provoquent 

aussi cette vacuolation. La capaote 

dun compose tie provoquer Its germination 

n'est pas toujours bee a sa eapacite de 

provoquer la vacuolation . Les vacuoles aim 

si formees absorbent le rouge neutre . cc 

qui indique une absorption metabolique so 

rive du colorant . 


3744 IvANCHEvA-OABRovsKA T ., KAOIR S .R 

(En bulgare) Action de certaines preparations 

chlmiques our Is pourriture 

noire des rectnes du [abet, due a 

Thlelavlopsis badcola . 

Rasiented . A'auk., 1980 . 17-F, p . 100-4 

On a etudie in vitro et en serre ]'action de 

7 fongicides ei 2 preparations a action multiole 

visa-vts de 7 bastcolc La plupart 

annihilent completemen: le champirnon 

Les plantes sour plemement protegees con 

tre la pournture noire racma :rr par to 

Benlatr 0.05 °, seul ou en comb :natson 

aver )a Cuprocine 0.35 ,, auand ccc ir :: :' 

cements son: fails a Iensemencemec. Dam 

le cas de tranemems au Cr :p :ono: 0o : 

ci a la Cuproctne 04 C,, des p :aa . e: and 

'iduelles peusent e:rr tou:heel Le Bas,,' 

mid en granules a raison de 4'' g m ec : 

aussi extrememen: prome: trur mats tl ., 

.pr,ie la eerm . natior. de 4 5 lour s 

D epres resi,ic m :glat, d arrtn : :s 

2347769 

1

I 

3745 LINDBERO G .D . 

An antibiotic lethal to fungi . 

Plant Dis ., 1981 . 65.8, p. 6863 . 

An antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas sp . 

and identified as tropolone was lethal to 

established colonies of marry fungi, including 

plant parasitic species of Helminthosporium, 

Aliernarta, Fusarwm, Diplodia, Pin . 

culana. Cladosporium, Rhirocronia, and Py' 

thrum and human pparasitic Trichophyron 

mentagrophvtes and T. rubrum. It was also 

lethal to an actinomviceae, a yeast-like Cap 

nodwm . and i Mycobacterium . Polvene and 

other antifungal antibiotics, the antifungal 

acttvm of Bacillus uniflagClarus, and several 

chemical fungicides were strongly inhibnon 

but not lethal to the fungi tested . 

Authors Summon 

374b McssELM+N LJ ., NIXON K .C . 

Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) 

In Texas. 

Plan: Dts ., 1981 . 65-9, p . 7523 . 

PATHOLOGIE-MALADIE S 

Orobanche ramosa (Orobanchaceae), a 

serious pathogen of tobacco, tomato, potato . 

eggDlant and some other crops in the 

Middle East, was discovered in Karnes 

Count . . TX . in Februan- 1981 . Ten genera I 

of weed species in eight dicot families . 

among them families of agronomic importance. 

were documented as host s 

374- ONo K 


(In Japanesel Occurrence of yellow 

symptoms on the top of tobacco plant, 

caused by Pseudomonas tabacl . 

E W: Oka. avvc 7o.b Ex ;. 5n : 19E0 

41 p 67.7 1 

July 197E tellot. symptoms on the for 

°' tuba . . : pants infected t, tth a i)d :ri 


Isl 

3745 LIRDaERD G .D . 

(En anglais) Up antiblotique lethal 

pour lea champi ons . 

Plant Dis ., 1981, 65-8, p . 6803 . 

Un antibiotique produit par Pseudomonas 

sp. et identifie comme etant Ia tropolone 

sest montre lethal pour des colonies bien 

etablies de nombreux champignons, v cont . 

pris les especes parasites des plantes 

Helminthosporium, AJternaria, Fusarwm, Diploidia, 

Piricularia, Cladosporium . Rhizoctonw 

et Pvlhium, ainsi que les parasites hm 

mains Trichophyron mentagrophvtes et T . 

rubrum. La tropolone esi egalement lethale 

vis-a-vis dun actinomycete, dun Cap . 

nodwm de type levure et dun Mycobacterium. 

Le polvene et d'autres antibiotiques 

antifongiques, l'activite antifongique de Bacillus 

unillagellatus, ainsi que plusieurs for . 

gicides chimiques sont fortement inhibiteurs 

mais non pas lethaux . vis-a-vis des champigrOns 

testes . 

3746 MC55ELMAF LJ ., NIXON K .C . 


(En anglais) L'orobanche ramINee 

(Orobanche ramoea) au Texas . 

Plant Drs .. 198), 65-9. p. 7523. 

Orobanche ramosa . on serieux pathogene 

du tabac. de la tomato, de Is pomme de 

terre, de 1'aubergme et d'autres cultures 

du Middle-East amencain, a etc decouven 

dans It comte de Karnes, au Texas, en 

Fevrier 1981 . Comme planies holes, it est 

fait mention de dix genres d'especes adventices 

dans butt families de dtcotvledones, 

parmi lesquelles des families d'impor . 

tance agronomique . 

3747 O,o K 


(En iaponaisl Apparition de svmplo 

mes jaunes provoques par Pseudomn 

nos tabaci, au sommet des plantes de 

tabac . 

Bid' Okacamc Tot, Ea, Si, 19Fi 

41 p (7J ] 

En Juilie : 197F de' scmptbmes son! ap 

parm an sommet de plantes :nfenees pa r 

2347770 

I

disease broke out a4er the hailstorm in 

Okayama Prefecture. oculation experiments 

were carried out in . order to clarib' the 

cause of the symptoms . They appeared only 

when P. tabaci was inoculated by heayil 

punching with needles on upper parts of 

the stem or on the midribs of the leaves . 

The symptoms observed in the experiments 

and those on the fields were quite similar . 

As the pathogen was not detected from the 

part of the plant with yellow symptoms . 

r was estimated that they are induced b> 

diffusion of the toxin produced b% the 

pathogen in the plant. In the case of in 

fecuon of P. tabaci into the stem of host 

plan : . the pathogen ,as transferred to upper 

course frsen infected part, but only to a 

limned extent . 

Front Author's' English Summary , 

3748 PCLLMAS G .S ., DE%AV J .E . . GARBER R .H . 

Soil solarization and thermal death : 

a logarithmic relationship between 

time and temperature for four sollborne 

plant pathogens . 

Phsvoparholog), 1981 . 719, p . 959-64 . 

Temperatures of 37-50 C for different time 

periods were lethal to mycelia . spores. and 

resting structures of heralhcrum dahhae . 

Pnhiurn ultimmm. and Thielaviopsis basico!c 

on an agar medium . At 37 C, exposure 

times for an I .D. were 28 .8. 25 .8, 17.9 and 

33.9 days . respectiveh, I . dathiae (strains 

T9 and SS4i . P. ulnmum and T . basicola 

At 50 C, LD. values were 23. 27. 33 et 

68 min . respectively. for the same tune ; 

F)eld-produced propagules of V . dahliae in 

moist field soil also were killed when in 

cubated at temperatures of 3750 C for 

specific time periods Temperatures 39 and 

50 C killer cultures of Rhizocronra solar : 

on agar medium in 14 days and 10 min . 

respectiveh . A lines- relationship existed 

he:ys een logarithms of limes required to 

kil' 90 4 of the propagules when plotted 

acatns : -tent oeratures This linear relation 

ship was obsersed for populations of tune . 

in both aces and soil tests These tune : 

s.err killed i- field soils solarzed for the 

necessan : ;m; periods The exposure :;mes 

and temperature, necessary to ki! ; these 

rung arc use :u' for e , alua :mc the progress 

or w. colar :za ;ion under field cord :con s 


.4o ;ho's S . ..'nno, 


14: 

le feu sauvage apres un orage de grele 

dans la prefecture d'Okayama. Des essais 

d'inoculation oni ete faits afin de clarifier 

Is cause de ces svmpt6mes. Its n'apparais 

sent que quand P. (abaci est inocule aux 

plantes en perforant fortement celles-ci a 

l'aigullle au niveau supirieur de la tige et 

au niveau des cotes medianes . Les sympto. 

mes des essais et ceux observes en champ 

sons tout a fait semblables. Le pathogene 

n'etant pas ditecti dans les Parties presentant 

les svrriptbmes jaunes, on Dense que 

ceux-ci sont causes par Is diffusion de Is 

toxine du pathogens dans Is Plante . Dans 

le cas d'infection de P. tabaci par la tige 

de la plante-hole, le pathogens esi trans 

fire vers le haul a panir du point d'infec . 

tion, mais dans un secteur limite . 

D'apres resume anglais daureur . 

3748 PULLMAN G .S ., DEVAI J .E ., GARBER R .H . 

(En anglais) Exposition du so) au solell 

at mort thermique : une relation 

logarlthmlque entre duree at tempe. 

rature pour quatre pathogenes sage. 

faux transmis par It sol . 

Phviopaihology, 1981 . 71 p . 959-64 . 

Des temperatures de 3730` pendant diffe' 

rentes durees soot letales pour ley myce- 

)tums. spores et structures de rePos de 

l en icifliurr; dahLae. Pyt hiu n, ulnmum et 

Thieimnopsis basicola sur un milieu dagar . 

A 37-, )es temps d'exposition pour une 

DL. sons respectivement de 28 .8. 25 .8 . 17 .9 

et 33.5 jours pout V. dolhiae Isouches T9 

et SS4i. P. ulnmum et T . basicola A 50' . 

ces memes valeurs sons respectivement de 

23, 27, 33 et 68 min. pour les memes cham 

pigeons. Les propagules de 1 . dahlias en 

champ humide son! egalement tuees a 37 

50 pendant des durees determinees. Les 

temperatures de 39 e: 50' went les cultures 

de Rhcoe,orua sofam sur agar en 14 lours 

et 10 minutes respectivement line relation 

hneaire existe entre les loparthmes des 

temps necessaires pour rue- 90 'c des pet. 

papules e: les temperatures d 'incubation 

Cette rclat:on est obsenee pour des pop' 

lations de chernpicnon to,, d essais scr 

aea- ou sur terry de clams Cr' champ . 

enons son ; mes dens de: soi esrose' a 

soleil pendant la duree necessa : : ; Le s 

d exoos;tior e : le, do ; cc- nCC essa:x-Ppt_ 

yen :

I 1 

3749 Rtcti J .R., Joxnsglt' IT ., SANDEN G .E . 

Influence of fungicides, nematicides, 

and tobacco cultivars on yield losses 

due to the black shank-root knot di. 

use complex. 

Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla, 1980, 

39, p . 1314 . 

A tobacco (Ntcotiana rabacum) field test 

Has conducted annually between 19771979 

rn soil moderately infested with the root 

knot nematode, Meloidogvne incognita, and 

heavily infested with rye black shank fungus, 

Pirvmphthor parasin a var . nicorianae Race 

0 Two 'Experimental fungicides, metalactl 

and propamocarb fumigant and nonfumigant 

nematicides, multipurpose chemicals, 

and tobacco cultivars were studied for 

control of the root knot-black shank disease 

complex on tobacco. In addition, a 

microplot experiment was conducted to determine 

effects of four nonfumigant nematicides 

and the two experimental fun 

gicides, single and in combination, on to 

bacco growth and yield . Tobacco cultivars 

with resistance to both diseases more of 

fecuven controlled the disease complex 

than am chemical treatments or combinaiions 

of chemical treatments. Culticar resistance 

to either root knot or black shank 

was of simiiar importance in reducing dis' 

ease losses Chemical treatments did not 

imprute yield of cultivars susceptible to 

both diseases . In combination with appropriate 

nematicides and resistant culuyarn. 

meialaxy] and propamocarb improved 

tobacco yields over those treated with 

multipurpose chemicals . No adverse effects 

of chemical combinations on tobacco growth 

were found rn the microplot test although 

some indications were observed in one field 

experiment . Control of the root knot-black 

shank disease complex was best accomplish 

ed when resistant cultivars, appropriate nematicides. 

and metalaxv] or propamocarb 

fungicides were used 

Authors Summon 


3749 Rictl I .R., JoHnso\ IT .. SA\DEN G .E . 

(En anglais) Influence des fongicides, 

des nematicides at des cultivars de 

tabac sur lea penes de reodement 

dues au complexe pathogen Pbytophthorn 

paraaidca-Meloidogyne Incognita . 

Proc. Soil Crop Sci. Soc. Fla, 1980 . 

39, p. 1314 . 

Les essais annuels ant etc faits en champ 

de Nicoriana zabacum . entre 1977-79, sur 

so] moyennement infeste par Meloidogync 

incognita ei, tres infecte par P . parasi :rca 

var . niconanae, race 0 . Pour ]utter contre 

cc complexe pathogene, deux fongicides expenmentaux 

ont ate testes, le metalaxyl ei 

le propamocarbe, ainsi que des nematicides 

fumigants ou non, des produits chimiques 

a fonction multiple et difterents 

cv. de tabac . De plus, un essai sur micro 

parcelle a Cu pour but de determiner I'in 

fluence de quatre nematicides non fumigants 

et des deux fongicides experimentaux 

seuls ou en combinaison, sur la croissance 

Cl le rendement du tabac . Les cy. possedant 

la resistance aux deux parasites per 

mettent one lutte plus efficace contre le 

complexe pathogene que n'imporle lequel 

des trauements ou combinaisons de traitements 

chimiques. La resistance a M. im 

cognira ou a P. parasirica est dune egale 

importance pour reduire les pertes . Les 

traiements chimiques nameborent pas les 

rendements des c' . sensibles aux de" ma . 

ladies. Combines aux nematicides adequats 

et aux av. resistants. le metalaxr] et le pro 

pamocarbe amehorent les rendements de 

tabac plus que ne le font les produits chtmiques 

a fonction multiple . On ne note 

pas d'acuon nelaste des combinaisons chi' 

miques sit . la croissance du tabac en micro 

parcelle, contrairemem a certaines indications 

en ce sens relevees fors dun essai 

en champ . La lure )a plus efface contre 

Is complexe Al . incognita-P . parasutca con 

sure a utiliser des c resistants . )es ne 

maticides appropries plus du metalaxyl ou 

du propamocarbe 


3750 Rrs: L .A .. FRt $A E ., BEER S .V. 3750 Rest L .A FRt %A .F , BEER S\ 

Hydrogen cyanide sensitivity in bay (En anglaisi Senslbllite a Iacide cram 

serial pathogens of cyanogenic and hvdrique de certains pathogenes bad' 

noncyanogenic plants. teriens de planies cs'anogenes et non 

P ;;'. :opcrhologt 1980 7N0 p 1005.! eyanogenes . 

Pnvtopa :]io!oF-. 19!0 70-I^ p IOD` F 

The cyanide s. , . of bacteria : patho Or, a determine is sensib :iite au cyarcuc 

ecn-' u` c anoeem( and noncyanocenr- dc bacienc- pathogenes de planes cva-, 

p:ants ,as de ; erm :tie : ht obse-\ :nc the el . eerie` el non c\anoeenee e,-, obsenani Ia " 

tests of ]ACS or the :! grotci` rates r, . 'ou`' iior. d, HCA sit,- cur taus de croissance 

ferec Tnr HCN coWeer; rauc, daps u-. bou:lion ds cui ;ure tamponnc 0- 


14, 

2347772

sue union between the two components . In 

both cases, the MIA transmigration could 

no ; be realized by, passage through sieve 

pores in sieve tubes . 

From Authors' Summon . 


causes. sans aucune indication de fusion 

tissulaire entre Its deux composants de 

la greffe. Dans Its deux cas, it a etc impossible 

de realiser Is transmigration par par 

sage a travers Its pores des tubes crible s 

Exir. resume d auteur s 

Uozcan T.. Ono K ., CHIKADA N . 3755 Uozuxn T ., Ono K .. CHAADA N . 

(In Japanese) Studies on a disease of (En japonais) Etudes scar Is maladle 

tobacco u d by Pythlum spp . du 'tabac provoqute par Pythlum sp . 

Bul~ Okava, a lob. Exp. Sir., 1980, Bull. Okayama Tob . Exp. Sin, 1980 . 

41, p. 3566 . 41, p. 3566 . 

The morphologt of fungi was studied on 

isolates obtained from diseased tobacco 

prams Nine isolates were identified as Pvaphaudernmruin, 

one as P. mvrioni+nr 

; ttto as P. debarvaum, three as P. 

w :unun : . and still two other isolates were 

classed as Pythtutn although they did not 

iorn: oogonium. All these isolates showed 

pathogenott to tobacco seedlings and were 

retsolated from diseased plant tissue . Inocu. 

anon of tobacco seedlings with P. aphaai 

acrmarun resulted in severe symptoms on 

30- 45 and 60 ca,-old plants, but milder on 

75 and 90 davold ones . Tobacco leaf disks 

were inoculated with P. ophanidermatum at 

dii .erent temperatures ; disease lesions appeared 

at 2CL40 'C, did not exist at 12.16°C . 

a.^,_" acre largest at 3240'C . In greenhouse 

coed: ,;ens the disease did not occur be 

tweet 1S-3i' C on 30 davold plants, while 

a: 2035 C. 55-60 day-old plants were hit, 

especial]' when the temperature reached 

3(t3 C The disease occurrence was close), 

inked to the soil dressing : the deeper the 

so.; dressing. the more severe the disease, 

Tnt resistance to P. aphamdermaium was 

compared among 10 tobacco varieties 

Bnghi Yeliou 4 . Virginia 115. Coker 319 . 

F 110. MC 1 . F223. Kutsaga El, Burley 21 . 

Buries 49 and Shiroenshu ; the, all showed 

abo,: the same seninivizt . Fill, da,s after 

sow :,, potted tobacco plants were inoculaicd 

wt :,,- P . aphandermauot, then treated 

u ;Ih I different fungicides 3, and 6 hours 

a~ tse': as i 2 3 dacs after inoculation. I t 

ass'-sod :ha : 1achiearen . Pansol : Pre . 

`,:car and CG-I I, are etlectrte to control 

it" d.a-a,e when applied to the basal par : 

C mr p . pn : Su;l sIeri ::za eon with chloro 

n r sp:::', also prosed to be quite e l 

. .- n: Fv ta t u-currence of the disease 

unuer moi, t-nit pull ei ht lease f :lm. usclu' 

u-:e u `_.:a:pod 0% cu ; tine off tht 

;jrr 

Ls_ :: -' Summa'-. 


14c 

La morphologic du champignon a etc etu 

dice sur 17 isolats obtenus de plantes ma 

lades neuf sont identifies comme P . aphcnidermaium, 

un comme P. myriondum, deux 

comme P . debarvanun, trois comme P . uh 

timum ; )es deux autres sons egalement 

classes comme Pvthium sp_ bien que ne 

formant pas d'oogones. Tous ces isolats se 

sont montres 'pathogenes cis-a-vis des plan, 

toles de tabac et oast etc isoles de nouveau 

a parer des tissus malades . L'inoculation 

de plantules de differents ages par P. aphanidermatum 

se traduit par des scmptbmes 

severes sur Its plantes de 30, 45 et 60 jours 

ei par des svmptbmes moindres sur Its 

plantes de 75 et 90 iours . Des disques de 

feuilies ant etc mocules par It pathogene 

a diflerentes temperatures ; des lesions 

sont apparues a 2040 et aucune is 12 .16' 

les plus importances se sons formers a 32- 

40' . En serre. IS maladee n'apparait pas a 

1535' sur plantes de 30 jours, tandis qua 

20-35' . Its plantes de 55-60 tours sont tom 

chees, et plus paniculierement a 30-35' . La 

maladee est etroitemern lice a I'ameublisse . 

ment du so] : plus profond celui-ci, plus 

severe celleda . La resistance a P. a homdee . 

maium a etc comparee chez Its 10 var. de 

tabac suit-antes : Bright Yellow 4, Vir@i me 

115. Coker 319 . F 110 MC 1 . F 223 . }rut 

saga El, Burley 21, Burlet 49 et Shiroenshu 

: routes oft presente a peu pres la 

meme sensibilite a la maladee Cinq types 

de longtctdes ont etc appliques a des plantes 

en vases de vegetation, inoculees par 

P. aphamdermaun : 50 tours apres ensemen 

cement. Ie trailemeni elan: efiectue 

ou 6 h . 1 . 2 ou 3 tours apres 1 'inoculation 

Les produits Tachiearen. Pansoil, Prencur 

e: C6117 apparansen ; elf ;cares conire )e 

pathugene quand or. Its applique sue Iz. 

payee basso des plantes Lne cer :a:n, ef 

f+canir apparar auss : lorscu on s :rn ;:se is 

so: a la ch .urupirrmc au pr :ntemps Lo 

:, 

pa: i' arnaiadie 

fail unr apparition pee . ors 

sou- Ic pa,l!agc de poll etht iene de bons 

resulta : count sae son : obtenus en e 

. :Ian : Is pe :.ru h 

n ta 

Lit' resu'nc a+:gias dau;en' $ 

2347775

T 

3756 

VIROLOGY 

See also : 3664 3688, 3722 

and title ref . : 3931-396 2 

BYHAN 0 ., SCHL'STER G . 

fin German) RNA of virus and boat 

plant as influenced by Ribavirin and 

2 A-dloxohexahydro-131ttfazine . 

Disch. Akad. Landwntschaftswiss ., 

Berl., Tagungsber ., 1980, 184, p . 13742 . 

Three days after TMV. inoculation into Ni . 

cm:a'tc mbasum var. Samsun, pretreated 

with Ribavirin or DHT, the formation and 

content of TMV-RNA were significantly reduced 

by both treatments. On the other 

hand, the formation and concentration of 

hos : plant RNA were much less affected 

b> these two antimetabolnes . In leaves with 

secondan infection, reduced TMV-RNA formauon 

and content were found even 21 

and 23 days after inoculation, the reduction 

being more intensive with Ribavirin than 

with DHT Furthermore, contrarily to DHT, 

Ribavirin reduced the host plant 'RNCA con . 

ten ; and signs of inlum were found on 

the treated plant s 

3757 CARtAIAL MORENO M . 

(in Spanish) inhibitory effect of plant 

saps an tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) . 

Tu nalbo, 1980. 303, p . 262-7 . 

The inhibitory effect of 28 plant saps on 

the infectivity of tobacco mosaic virus was 

studied The mechanical inoculation was 

done on Ntconane glunnosa to obtain a 

quantitative analysis based on the local 

necrotic lesions produced bs the virus, The 

saps that presented an inhibitory effect 

against the tobacco mosaic virus were 

Chenopod:unt qumoa, Chenopodmm amaram 

ttcoioi . Opuntm sty„ Solanuni ruberosun:, I 

Spmac:a sp_ Solanunt nigrum, Datura stns . 

ntonunr: Peiargonmut geramuni Pennisetun; 

ncr,d esi uwm and Cuseuic sp . 

Fran: Audio, 's English Summer 

375E Ctttc P .C NicnoLorr 1 . 4 

Rate of tobacco mosaic virus de . 

gradation in a field plot after repeated 

application of the virus . 

Sot : Sc, 19F'. 1 .) c . p 22.:. 9 

\ : rut derrada ; ion via, . udte? when it was 

appltec Crup i, ;se on;i, he'" Stirs reruia-it 


14' 

VIROLOGI E 

Voir aussi : 3664, 3688, 3722 

et ref. signal . : 3931 .396 2 

3756 BYHAN 0 ., SCHUSTER G . 

(En allemand) Influence de IS ribs. 

vbine at de V 2A40oxohtzabydro13$telarine 

sur It RNA du ultras at cNui 

de V plante bbte 

Dtsch. Akad. Landwdrischaftsw iss ., 

Berl„ Tagungsber ., 1980, 184, p . 13742 . 

Trois jours apres inoculation de TMV a 

N'fcotiana tabacum var . Samsun, prealable, 

anent mite a Is Ribavirine ou a la DHT . 

Is formation de TMV-RNA et son accumulation 

dans la plante se trouvent sensiblement 

reduites par lea deux trafements . En 

revanche la formation et la conc . du RNA 

de la plante sons beaucoup mains aflectees 

par Its deux antimetabolites . Dana Its feuil. 

les a infection secondaire. la reduction du 

TMV-RNA est encore observee 21 et 23 fours 

apres inoculation„ )a reduction ttani plus 

importance avec It traitement Ribavirine 

qu'avec Ia DH7 ; de plus, It premier des 

traitements reduit la teneur en RNA de la 

plante. provoquant un endommagement vi . 

sible de celle-i . ce que n'occasionne pas It 

second traitemen t 

3757 CARVAJAL MORENO M . 

(En espagnolt Action lnhibltrlce des 

eaves vegetates sur TMC . 

Turnalba, 1980. 303, p . 262.7 . 

On a etudie faction inhibitrice de 28 saves 

vegetates vis-a-vas de I'infectivite de TMV . 

L'inocula ion mecantque a eta faite sur 

Nicoriana gluttnosa pour analyser quantita 

tivemeni I'infection, en se basant sur Its 

lesions locales necrotiques produites par le 

virus. Les sever efficaces a cet egard ant 

ete Chenopodium qutnoa, Chenopodium 

aniaranncolor Opunna sp .. Solanunt tube 

rosum, Spmacm sp .. Solanunt mgruni . Damra 

snamonzum, Pelargonium geranium, Penniselun; 

clandestinum et Cuscura SP 

Dapres resume angios d'aureu , 

375E CHEo P .C ., NICSOLOrt 3 . A 

(En angian, Rapidite de degradation 

de TAit' en champ apres application 

repeces du virus . 

So:' Sc : 1991 1315 P 2S- 9 

On a emdit la deeradauon du virus admt . 

mstre par arrusacr au gouct e.agouue pe n 

2347776

and repeatedly for 3 months . Virus was applied 

twice weekly. 45 mg each time for the 

high-concentration eatment (H) and 0 .9 mg 

for the low-concentration treatment (L). At the 

end of 3 months . a total of 156 mg of virus 

had been delivered onto each H site, and 

31 .2 mg onto each L site . After termination 

of the virus application recoven. assays 

were made weekly, and the gross estimation 

from the H sites at zero h recovery was 

not more than 5 4 of the total virus added . 

Virus recovery declined rapidly after zero 

h. Nonetheless, residue virus infectivity was 

detectable after 17 weeks, but no virus in . 

fectivity was detected after 23 weeks . A 

faster rate of virus degradation was noted 

from the top 5 era of the soil layer . 

a From Authors' Summary . 

3759 DEPASH V ., HAUSCHNER A ., SELA 1 . & al . 

Antiviral factor (AVF( from virus-In 

fected plants induces discharge of 

hlstldlnyl-TMV-RNA. 

Virolog), 1981, 111 .1, p. 10312. 

VIROIAGIE 

Besides their antiviral activity, crude pre' 

parations of the antiviral factor (AVF) ex 

hibi : also another activity measured by their 

ability to discharge histidinvl-TMV-RNA . 

The discharging factor (DF) is separable 

from AVF and the DF activity is re 

leased in AVF .treated leaves . AVF induces 

DF activity in leaves of N'mmiana glutinosa 

which carves the N-gene, as well as in i 

the tobacco cultivar . Samsun . where the 

N-gene is absent . The DF activity is media n 

ed b' a transient )ow-molecular-weight com 

pound, probably a polymerized ATP, which 

can be isolated from TMV-infected A' . glunnosc 

leaves A fraction capable of pol% 

meriting ATP was indeed isolated from 

AVF-treated leaf extracts, and the poly 

mertzed product was able to revive inactive 

DF preparations . A nuclease activity' specific I 

to crude AVF preparations is also reported . 

The similarity of the ANT to the interferon 

systems is discusse d 

Authors' Summon 

dant 3 mois en champ. Le virus etait applique 

deux fois par semaine, a raison de 

4,5 mg chaque fois pour le traitemen: a 

haute conc. (H) et 0.9 mg pour le traitement 

a basse conc . (B). snit au bout de 

trout mois un total de 156 mg de virus 

applique dans le premier cas et 31 .2 mg 

dans le second . Au terme de cette ptriode . 

des essais de recuperation ont ete faits chaque 

semaine et ('estimation approchee de 

recuperation du virus en H au temps zero 

des prelevements n'a pas dtpasse 5 °k du 

total applique. Par la suite, la recuperation 

du virus decline rapidement . On n'en detecto 

pas moms tin reste d'infectivite apres 

17 semaines. mais plus aucune au bout de 

23 semaines. La degradation virale est plus 

rapide dans les 5 cm superieurs de la couthe 

de terre . 

Extr. resume d'auieurs . 

3759 DEVASH V ., HACscHKER A ., SELA 1. B al . 

(En anglais) Le facteur antiviral (FAV) 

des planes infectees par TMV provoque 

Is decharge du RNA histidlnyl 

de TMV . 

Virology, 1981, 111 .1, p . 103-12 . 

Outre lour activite antivirale . les prepara' 

tions brutes de FAV manifestent une autre 

activite, que Ion mesure d"apres leur ca 

paste a decharger du RNA histidmyl de 

TM\'. Le facteur de decharge . (FD) esi 

separable de FA\' et son activite est liberee 

dans les feuilles traitees par It FAV . Celuici 

provoque I'activite FD Bans' les feuilles 

de Niconana glunnoso avant le gene N, de 

mime que chez It cv. Samsun . ou cc gene 

es ; absent . L'activite FD est declenchee par 

un compose transnoire a bas poids enolecm 

faire, probablement tin ATP polymerise . qui 

pent eve isole des feuilles de A' . gluttnosc 

infectees par TMV. be fait, une fraction 

capable de polymeriser ]'ATP a ete isolee 

d extraits foliatres tranes au FAX, et le 

produft polymerise s'est monire capable de 

reactn'er des preparations inactives de FD 

On signale egalement une activite nucleasique 

specifique des preparations de FA\' 

brut On evoque les similitudes entre Its 

systemes FAV ci interferon . 

Resume dau ;curs . 

3760 DIALLO I . . MULCHt C .L .. Conant M .K 3761' DIALLO I Mt-tcHi C .L .. CORerTT M . N 

Effects of tobacco mosaic and tobae (En anglais' Influence de TMN et TE N 

to etch viruses on the growth dyna 

styes of Maryland tobacco cutttyars 

(Nicotiana tabacum L .) . 

Tot , : : . 19E; Is', I- P 2t. 9 

Tob Sr : 1981 . XX\, p . E ;-9C 

sur Is dynamique de croissance de s 

cultivars de tabac Manian d 

Ton us 19E1 )E3.i- 2c' 

7oY Sc : .. 195] X\\ ' 

In a greenhouse siud, in 197E seedlings o` Lors dun, etude er sera fat it en 197 5 

cultivars Md 605 Md E72 Md 201 and Md 64 des plan:ules des ct Mc 605 Md 572 . Mc 


145 

234777

T 

were inoculated with TMV, 7E\' and the 

combination TMV - T!\' . Thirty-seven days 

following the inoculation, the four cultivars 

exhibited a wide range in visual symptoms 

induced b' the virus treatments. Cultivars 

Md F72 and Md 201 were hypersensitive to 

TMV but were susceptible to TEV . Cultivars 

Mot 609 and Md 64 were susceptible both 

to TM\' and TEV and exhibited extensive 

chlorosis. necrosis and stunting of leaves 

and plant growth . The combination treat . 

men : produced the largest impact on visual 

parameters . Statistically significant differences 

were found among cultivars means 

averaged across virus treatments, among 

virus treatment meant averaged across Cultivars 

and the interaction of `' x C for five 

erowth parameters . With minor exceptions, 

the relative rankings observed for the visual 

symptoms generally held for the growth 

parameters. The relative order of impact 

for the virus treatments averaged over culttvars 

for the five growth parameters was 

TM\ - TE\' > TE\' > TMV > controls . 

In genera!, Md 201 and Md 64 exhibited 

greater tolerance to TEV than was expressed 

b' Md 609 or Md 872 . 


3761 FoLEi% F .J ., BARTA A., Stu 1 . 

2-Thiouracil is not Inhibitor of TMV 

multiplication in tobacco protoplasts . 

Disci; Akad Landw irischafiswiss . . 

Berl Tagungsber ., 1980. 184, p. 115 . 

r, 

The amount of virus extractable from 2TUtreated 

and non-treated TMV-infected proto 

plasts was determined b' means of optical 

denstt\, serolog\ and electron microscopic 

counting: In both cases . virus synthesis and 

multiplication were similar. However, the 

snecifc infectivity of TMV extracted from 

2TCareated protoplasls was 8090 c° less 

than that of TM\' extracted from non-treated 

ones Using fluorescent antibody tech 

moue it was demonstrated that 2TC inhibits 

, :rut so. cad up to 5060 °r in the 2TU-treated 

half lea'es as compared to the non-treated 

ones It is also shown h\ sucrose densitx 

gradient centnfugauo:; that TM\' particle s 

nthesized in the presence of 2TL are more 

sensitive to dtssuciatrne conditions than 

those svn:hes:zed in the absence of 2T: . 

Thus 2T exr:asr' its inhibitor, effect 

rather b\ producing defecu\e unstable TM\ 

pa rticies jb\ an o\e :all inhib :tio .. of 

r irus multiplicatio n 

F.o+r 4ir,lto's S1 nnnic? 


VIROLOG Y 

149 

201 ei Md 64, ont tee inoculees par TMV, 

TEV et Is combinaison des deux virus . 

Trente-sept fours apres, Its quatre cv . one 

presente une large gamme de symptemes 

visuels dus au virus . Md 872 et Md 201 

se sont montrts hypersensibles a TMV mais 

sensibles a TEV. Md 609 et Md 64 ont tie 

sensibles aux deux virus et ont prtsente 

une chlorose importance, de Is ntcrose et 

du rabougrissement au niveau des feuilles 

et de Is plante entiere. La virose eombinee 

a It plus d'effet sur Its parameters visuels. 

Des differences statistiquement significatives 

ont tit observoes entre cv. pour 

Is moyenne-des traitements viraux in en 

ire traitements viraux pour la moyenne des 

cv., ainsi qu'une interaction virus x ev . 

pour cinq parametres de eroissance . A de 

petites exceptions pres . le classement rela . 

of observe pour Its svmptemes visuels correspond 

a celui des parametres de eroissance. 

L'ordre relatif d'impact des virus sur 

Is movenne des ec. pour lea cinq yarametres 

de croissance est le suivant : TM\' - 

TEV > TE\' > TMV > temoin non inocule 

D'une maniere generate, Md 201 et Md 64 

manifestent une plus grande tolerance a 

TE\' que Md 609 ou Md 872 . 

Exrr. resume d'auteurs . 

3761 FooLEIF F .J . . BARTA A ., Sum 1 . 

(En ang)aisl Le 2-thlo-uraclle n'est pas 

tin inhibiteur de Is multiplication de 

TMV Bans les protoplastes de tabac . 

Drsch. Akad Landtt'irucha(tstotss ., 

Berl., Tagungsber ., 1980, 184, p . 115- 

2 3 

Les quantites de virus extractible a partir 

de protoplastes infectes, traites ou non au 

2?U, ont ete determinees par densite optique 

serologie in denombrement au microscope 

electronique Dans les deux cas . 

la synthese in is multiplication virales sons 

idenuques En revanche . l infectivite sport 

ftque du TM\' extras des protoplastes tram 

tes eat de 8090 h inferieure a celle du 

virus extrait de protoplastes non traites 

Grace a la technique des anticorps fluorescents, 

on montre que le 2-TL' inhibe la pry. 

pagauon wale iusqu'a 5060 °r dans les 

demi-feuilles traiiees par rapport aux non 

trances On montre auss : pa: centrifugation 

en gradient de saccharose que les particulcs 

de TM\' svniheusees en presence de 2- 

TL son : plus sensi'oies auv cond : ::ons de 

dissociation cue celles svnthetuees en I ah 

sence dr eelte substance .4ms. - - -: ms 

n:tesiv son action inh :b : : .ice pl,1e pa r 

p : udu:tion de par icules de T .\f\' defeciucu' 

- e : nstahie, que par une mh ;b;aon gltba:e 

dL is multiplication. virai c 

D, ;-,,,, resw, :c darueu' s 

2347778

3762 GARDENAS E .S ., GALINDO I .A . 

(In Spanish) Inclusions In tobacco 

produced by the tobacco etch virus . 

Agrociencia, 1980, 39, p . 49-57 . 

In epidermal strips of leaves and cross 

sections of stems and roots of Niconana 

tabacum L. var. Xanthi, the inclusions prodoted 

by the tobacco etch virus (TEV) were 

studied. The seedlings of this tobacco varirty, 

at the stage of 45 leaves were inocu)ated 

mechanically and placed in an environmental 

chamber with temperature of 20 to 

35' C during the day. The abundance of 

the inclusions in relation to time and position 

in the plants was determined. It was 

found that the inclusions are of two kinds : 

11 cytoplasmic inclusions of granular or 

fibrous appearance . almost always close to 

the nucleus and similar in size to it and 

21 nuclear inclusions that are square or 

rectangular in face view, and acicular or 

spindle-shaped and often ven curved when 

viewed from the side . The two kinds of 

inclusions were observed until 96 hours after 

the inoculation . Forty five days later, many 

of the nuclear inclusions disappeared, Under 

temperature of 20, 27, and 30'C during the 

dac, the symptoms intensity, chlorosis and 

typical etching did not van' . Also the dis 

tribution and persistence of the inclusions 

in the plant were constant . On the other 

hand. at 35°C, the symptoms were light . 

the formation of the cytoplasmic inclusions 

was delayed and reduced, and the nuclear 

inclusions never formed . 


3763 Goootcc G .C. Jr ., LAPP K .A . 

Effect of JMS StvletotlT on the in . 

cidence of potato virus Y In fluecured 

tobacco . 

Tob in :. 1981, 183 .20 . p . 28.9 

Tob Sc : ., 1981 . XXV, p 10t,7 . 

Spray application of JMS Strletoil(j to 

tobacco ct Speigh : G2E in field tests reduced 

potao tins ) incidence in 1978 In 

tr;ais a ; nto locations virus incidence was 

treated pints 155 and 150 toe and non 

treated plot '13.5 and 266 1c The film 

of o:! thus applied caused no phrtotox¢m 

based or. nsua : e\am :nauor. o' treate d 

plant, 

From: ril.iiio's' Suu 


VIROLOGIE 

15( 

3762 GARDENAS E .S ., GALINDO 3 .A . 

(En espagnol) Inclusions produites par 

I. TEV they It tabac . 

Agrociencia, 1980, 39, p . 49-57 . 

On a etudie les inclusions produites par 

TEV Bans des morceaux d'tpiderme de 

feuille et des sections transversales de Iiges 

et de racines de Nicotiana tabacum, 

var. Xanthi. Its plantules de cette var ., 

au stede 4-5 feuilles ont ere inoculees par 

vole mecanique et placees dans une en 

ceinte climatisee a la temperature de 24 

35° durant la journee . On a determine I'abom 

dance des inclusions en fonction du temps 

et de Is panic de la plante. Or, constane 

qu'il y a deux types d'indusions 11 q 

toplasmiques, d'aspect granulaire ou fibreux 

Presque toujours a proximite du noyau et 

de meme taille que lui : 2) nucleaires. car 

tees ou rectangulaires vues de face, acicu 

laires ou en fuseau vues de cote souveni 

tees courbees. Les deux types d'inclusions 

sont observees iusqu'a 9t h apres I'tnocu' 

lation. Ouarante-cinq jours plus tard. Is 

plupart des inclusions nucleaires disparaissent. 

Aux temperatures de 20 . 27 et 30' durant 

le jour, l'intensite des svmptomes 

- chlorose et . gravure . typique - ne 

vane pas : de meme, la repartition et la 

persistance des inclusions demeurent cons 

tames. En revanche. a 35' . les svmptomes 

sent lepers : Is formation des inclusions 

cgtoplasmlques est retardee ci reduite, tan 

dis qu'il ne se forme aucune inclusion no 

cleaire . 

Resume anglals daweur s 

3763 GoootNc G.\'. Jr . . LAPP N . A 

(En anglals) Influence du prodult JMS 

Stvletoll'_' sur I'apparltlon de PVY 

sur It tabac flue-cured . 

Tob. vu .. 1951 . 18320. p . 2F9 

lob Sc : . 1981 . XXV, p 1067 . 

Lapphcauon: par puleerisanon de Thuile 

JMS Si ,lei-O;! at, Lana : Speech; G2F )or, 

d'essat, en champ a redo ; : I'mndence de 

P\'1' en 197F Lots d essays en oe,, lieu, 

d :flerents le, resulian o m elt ie sc 

,ants parcellrs trances i F c' IF sir 

planter t :rosee' parcelie' no- - ., 

IiF ei 2nr Lr Im, CJ -1 _ : _ : 

cue n a pa, d ehe: ontotuvuuc : olove 

par laspe :: e,: erieJr ee : p .anic : : . _ . 

)err 

Dup':' dalilGl 

2347779 

I

I 

375.4 GUPENC Y ., Glasor: R .W . 

Effects of glanduar foliar hairs on 

the spread of potato virus Y . 

Potato Res ., 1980, 23-3, p . 345-51 . 

Sock, glandular hairs on the foliage of the 

wi :c potato Solarium berthauhii hindered 

the departure of winged Mvzus persicae and 

Brachvcaudus helichrvsi. The presence of 

sticks hairs also decreased multiplication 

o' M persicae, lessened probing and les. 

,tined acquisition of potato virus Y durin g 

mm access periods. It is suggested that 

if the glandular hairs were bred into potato 

cul :nars thess features would help restrict 

the spread o, aphidborne viruses in crops . 

On), It out of 96 A'icotiana-tabacum plants 

,sere infected by aphids transferred from 

S benhcu!:u rinsed only in water compared 

with 6t infected be aphids transfer . 

red front S benhaul,ii washed in water 

and ethanol (P < 0 .001) . Corresponding figures 

for aphids from Arran Banner leaflets 

were 62 (,cater on)y) and 64 (ethanol /water) . 

In a similar experiment using different 

periods of acquisition feeds, 13, 10 and 2 

out of IF A tabacum plants were infected 

b, aphids allowed 5 min. 1 hr and 5 hr 

access to PCT-infected S. berthaultfi leaves 

gashed in ethanol and water ; correspond 

inc alues for S. berthauhii ]eaves washed 

n ,cater alone were 0, 1 and 2 A . tabacum 

plants infected . 

Authors' Summar y 

376' KLUGE S . 

(In German) On the effect of Vlra" 

zole, dloxohexahydrotriazlne and poly 

acrylic acid on virus multiplication 

and host plant proteins . 

Ditch Akad Land,rvtschaf rsu iss . . 

Berl, Tagungsber ., 1980. 184, p . 143-5 6 

\'trazoie stronel, suppresses the multiplication 

of PVX CM% and RCM\'. In the 

case of P\'Xanfecied plants . those leaves 

that develop after Virazole application ma, 

become virus"tree DHT produces a definite 

seiecu\e effect It affects above all the 

svnthes,s of PCX PAA drasu calk suppres . 

s the multiplication of RCM \' in the s 

terra: host plan: P1,un; smr;u,rt The multip.ical)ori 

Of CP\7\' in Ilgnc protoolast 

is not influenced b, DHT t is hock eyes 

dear]c h:bt fed "os PAA PAA cannot be 

considered an miecaor inhtbnor but aci'Ja'- 

-- inh:bnor o' , : .u, s :nthrsts Th . 

-`.ante 1 . ,irur content a, :n GUCe:. 'o, 

Chem nc-t s d( no'. neces sot nit, tnt ohC' Qua- 


VIROLOG Y 

3764 GI'AENc Y., Gtasos R .W . 

(En anglais) Influence des polls follab 

res glandulaires mar Is propagation de 

PVY . 

Potato Res ., 1980, 233, p . 34551 . 

Les polls glandulaires collants du feuillage 

de la pomme de terre sauvage Solanunt 

berthauhii genent I'envol des suiets Giles 

de Myzus persicae et Brachycaudus hell . 

chrvsi. La presence de ces polls diminue 

aussi Is multiplication de M. persicae, re 

duet les piqures de l'insecte ainsi que son 

acquisition de PVY au tours dun temps 

de contact de'5 minutes . On pense que la 

selection du caractere poils glandulaires 

chez Its n'. de pomme de terre permettrai ; 

de contenir la propagation des virus par 

les aphides Bans les cultures . Sur 9c plan" 

tes de Niconana tabacum . 16 seulement on' 

ete infectees par des aphides transferes do 

5. benhaultit rince a )'eau : contre 66 inlettees 

par des aphides tenant de la meme Plante 

)avee a 1'eau/ethanol (P < 0,001) . Les chiffres 

correspondants pour des aphides venant 

de feuilles de Arran Banner sons de 62 

(eau seulement) et 64 (ethanolieaul . Lors 

d'essais semblables avec differents temps 

d'acquisition wale par le puceron, 13, 10 

ei 2 plantes sun 18 de A . tabacum se son ; 

trouvees infectees par des aphides avant 

un acces de 5 mn. I h et 5 h a des feuilles 

de S. berthauhii infectees par PCT et la 

tees dans l'ethanol,eau ; les valeurs con . 

respondantes pour les feuilles de Celle plan 

to )a,ees dans I eau seulemeni sour de 0,1 

et 2 planies de A . iahannn infectees . 

Resume dauteurs 

3765 KLUGE S . 

(En allemande Influence du Virazi 

de la dloxohexahydrotrlazlne et de 

l'acide po)yacn9ique sur Is multiplication 

virale et les protetnes des plan 

tes holes. 

Duch Akad. La ndtrt nschaitsn'iss 

Be, ;, Taginrgsber . . 1980. 184, p 143-58 

Le \ irazole inhibe fortemen : la multiplication 

de P\ X . CMV e1 RCMV . Dan, le ca, 

de plantes infectees par P\'X les feuilies 

se developpant apres ) application de \'trazo)e 

peu%ent titre exempt es de virus . La 

dio\ohexahvdrotriazine IDHTI a des efiet s 

selecuts been determines afiectan : par de - 

sus tout )a sent here be P\'X Lacld-: po', - 

acnlique IAPA' mhioe rot d : calemcr,t I. m'J : 

uphcanon de RCMV' chic ino : , 

our Pi,,,,, 7 L a 

Cl dam Irk tirotc. ,!a n- r. 

rtes' pa' tnflue:ire par is DHT 

. . ..r tnhib:e par PAPA 'iron rl ne o 

. 

cli , . ons :n_':- COMM, . . . .^.: nit eat be .' . 

: . . . w. n a . ni'utu: ccrnrr,c o :. Li . . .'p :1c u 

2347780

titative or qualitative changes in the pro 

tein content of the-host plant . 

From Author's English Summary . 

3766 LIERERT A ., SCHUSTER G . 

(In German) Uptake, transport and 

persistence Of 2 .44111031013033`11Y&0-1131& 

trlazine (DHT) in Nicotlana tabaeum 

L . . . Samsun is and Soluum tuberosum 

L. . VQrwarts .. 

Dyth. Akad. Landwirischa}tswiss ., 

Berl., Tagungsber., 1980, 184, p . 159-65 . 

Experiments with DHT have proved that 

the active ingredient is easily taken up 

through the roots and rapidly transported 

in acropetal direction. During the same 

period much less DHT was taken up through 

the foliage, since the epidermis seems to 

act as a penetration barrier . No basipetal 

transport was found . Persistence tests with 

Nrcotiana tabacum Samsun . showed 

a rapid decline of the DHT content in 

the foliage. Using initial concentration of 

between 140 and 190 ppm, the content of 

active ingredient had reached the detection 

limit after two or three weeks . 


3767 MUKERJEF K., AwAsmt L .P ., VERMA 

H . N 

Inhibitory activity of an interfering 

agent, extracted from the leaves of 

host plants treated with Datura leaf 

extract, on plant virus infection . 

Z. P/lanzenkr . Pflanzenschur ., 1981, 88- 

4, p . 228-34 . 

Broad spectrum, and high antiviral activity 

(AVAI has been shown by an interfering 

agent extracted from the leaves of host 

plants treated with the leaf extract of Darura 

mere! The AVA was detected in juice (R . 

tmce)extracted from the leaves of hosts treated 

with Datura leaf extract but not in corn 

i rol juice of leaves treated with distilled water . 

Maximum A\'A was observed in R-juice extracted 

32 hr after treatment . The production 

of A\'A was affected be the treatment of 

the leaves with Actinomycin D . The AVA 

was destroyed bs heating R-juice at 60'C, 

dilution up to 1 '10 and storage for 2 days 

It was non-dizlyzable and not sedimented 

at 120,000 G for 120 min . but precipitated 

by ammonium sulphate and ethanol and ab 

sorbed or. animal charcoal and cehi e 

Fro,: Authors' Su,mna'-, 


de Is svnthese virale . La modification des 

teneurs an virus, provoquee par ces pro . 

duits chimiques, n'tmplique pas necessaire . 

ment des modifications quantitatives et qualitatives 

de is teneur an proteine de Is 

plante-hot . 

Extr. resume anglais .d'auieur . 

3766 LIEaERT A ., SCHUSTER G . 

(En allernand) Absorption, transpon 

at pmfatance de Is 2.4dioxohexahs' 

dro-1 .3S-triazine (DHT) chest Nicotlana 

tabsa®, ev. Samsun, at Solanum tuberosum, 

cv . Vorwarts . 

Desch. Akad. Landwirtschafisuwiss ., 

Berl., Tagungsber., 1980, 194, p . 159-65 . 

Des essais ont montre que la DHT passe 

aisement a travers les racines ei est trans 

pone rapidement vets It haul de la plante 

Durant Is meme periode . 1'absorption du 

produit par les feuilles est bien moindre . 

I'epiderme semblant jouer ici le role dune 

barriere. On n'observe pas de transport 

basipete. Les tests de persistance stir A' . 

tabacum. cv. Samsun, montrent un rapide 

declin de la teneur en DHT des feuilles . 

En partant de conc . initiales de 140 et 

190 ppm. on atteint la limite inferieure de 

detection de l'ingredient actif apres deuxtrois 

semaines . 

3767 MUKERJEE K ., Aw'ASTHi L .P ., VERMA 

H .N . 

(En anglais) Actlvite inhlbltrice d'un 

agent d'tnterferenct, extrali des feullles 

de planter traltees par tin extrait 

foliaire de Datura, visa-vis de l'infec 

tion virale des vtgetaux. 

Z. Pflanzenkr . P/lanzenschutz, 1981, 88- 

4, p. 228.3 4 

L'agent d'interference extras de plamesholes 

trances par I extrait foliaire de Do- 

Tura mete! presence tin large spectre et 

tine forte acuvne antivirale (AAV ) . L'AA\' 

a ete detectee dans le ius des feuilles de 

I'hote traite par ;'extrait de Datura mais 

non dans le ius du temoin . traite a I'eau 

distillee . L'.AA\' maximale esi obsenee dans 

le jus extras : 32 h acres tranement . La production 

de ]agent d'mterference est in 

fluencee par le tratteme n: des feullies a 

I'Actinomxnne D Son artivne' es : de ;rmce 

par chauffage du ius a oo dilution iu, 

qua I/10 ei siockage pendant 7 tours 

Latent est non dtalysab:e e: tie sed :men is 

pas a 120000 G pendant 120 mr, . i! es : 

prenpne par le sulfate damrnomum c : 

Methanol e : adsorbe sur charbon anima : e~ 

cesm

3768 RANDLES 3 .W ., PALuxAtns P . DAVIES C . 

Natural distribution . spread, and varlation 

In the tobacco mosaic virus In. 

feeling Nicetlana glauta In Australia . 

Ann. appl . Btol ., 1981 . 98-1, p . 109-19 . 

A surrey of stands of N. glurinosa in the 

central zone of its recorded distribution has 

shown that a type of tobacco mosaic virus 

which characteristically induces a bright 

yellow mosaic symptom (TMV-Y) is earnmonl% 

associated with A'. glauca throughout 

this tone. Surveys of a natural community 

of A', glauca less than 5 yr old, and in an 

experimental block, showed that TMV-) 

could spread at a rite, . and in a pattern, 

which couldS not be explained by contact 

transmission alone, and which indicated that 

an airborne vector was probably involved 

in transmission These results together have 

led to the conclusion that the common assoctauon 

of TMV-Y with N . glauca is due 

to spread of the virus by_ an unknown 

recur. Seed transmission of TMV-Y in 

A . glaucc has not been detected, Molecular 

hybridization analysis has shown that all 

but one o! the TMV-Y isolates studied were 

related to TMV.U,, and that the isolate which 

was unrelated to U : was partially related 

to TMV-U ., TMV .U,. and tomato mosaic 

virus Selected isolates which showed a 

close relationship to TM),-U; also showed 

a close relationship to TMV-U,, a distant 

relationship to TMV-U, and tomato mosaic, 

and 'Cr' little or no relationship with three 

other tobamoviruses. These results show 

that the Australian TMV-Y isolates are 

similar to the TMV isolated from A . glauca 

in California 


3769 SCHCSrER G ., BYHAN O . 

Effect of 2 .4dioxohexabydro 13Stris . 

tine (5-azaadl hydrouracill on RNA syn . 

thesis and content in tobacco mosaic 

virus and in its host plant Nicotlana labacum L. Samsun . . 

Btochent . Physiol. Plian : ., )981 . 176-3 . 

p . 286 90 

RNA synthesis was followed by incorpora 

:iun of "P: administred two clays before 

RNA extraction RNA content was determmed 

bt its ultraviolet absorption at 260 nm 

Inc results shot, that DHT considerable 

and siendtcantlt reduces "P . Incorporation 

into virus RNA especially in phases of 

rapid "iris mu!tmhcauon Likewise the con 

ten: of virus RNA was considerable reduced 

o . rr ettended periods of time Less marked 

efft ects of DH7 ,it noted on svnthesn 

Enc con .rn: of host RN A 

Fro,,: Aulho's Summa~+ 


VIROLOG Y 

3766 RANDIES 3 .W ., PALVKAITIS P ., DAMES C . 

(En anglais) Repartltson uatura0c, propagadon 

at variation du TMV mice 

cant Nicotlana glauta en Austraie . 

Ann. appl . Biol ., 1981, 98-1, p. 109-19 . 

Une inspection des plantations Bans Is zone 

centrale de repartition de Nicottana glauca 

revile qu'un type de TMV. produisant des 

sympiomes de mosaique jaune brillant ca 

ractenstiques (TMV-Y), est couramment associt 

a cette plante Bans touts cette zone . 

L'etude dune Communaute naturelle tie N , 

ta, vieille de mains de cinq ans, et 

gtbloc experimental de cette plante, mom 

tre que TMV-Y pent se propager a une 

vitesse et scion une configuration inexplicables 

par Is seule transmission par can 

tact ; un vecteur aerien dolt eve implique 

Bans cane transmission. Cc vecteur resvvonsable 

de l'association commune TMt' . 

Y .N. glauca derneure inconnu. On n'a pu 

detecter de transmission virale par Its se 

mences de la planie . L'analyse d'hybrida . 

tion moleculaire indique que sous Its isolats 

de TMV-Y, caul tin, sont apparentes a 

TMV-Ut, ei que celui qui ne Pest pas esi 

en partie apparente a TMV-U, . TMV-Us et 

TomMV'. Des isolats selectionnes presen 

tan : une etroite relation avec TMV-U; sent 

egalemem yes proches de TMV-U Plus 

lointainement apparentes a TMV.U, et 

TomM\, mais presenient peu ou pas the 

relation aver trois autres Tobamvirus . Ces 

resultats ind)quent que les isolats australiens 

de TMV-Y sent identiques a ceux iso~ 

Its de A. glauca en Californie . 

Exir. resume dauieur s 

3769 ScutsrER G ., BsHAS O . 

(En anglais) Influence de Is 2 .4dioxohexahydro-l 

3Striadne (Sazadthydro, 

uraclle) sur is synthese du RNA it la 

teneur en TMV de as plante-hote Nicotiana 

tabscum . Samsun . 

Bwchem. Phvsiol Pfla,: : .. 1981, 1763 . 

p. 288.9 0 

La svnthese du RNA es : suivie grace a I'incorporstion 

de "Pt admmistre deux tours ay ant 

I extraction du RNA La teneur en RNA es . 

determinee par absorption dans 1'L'\' a 

2b9 nm Les resultats monirent due la 

doyoheyahvdrotnazme iDHT, redo :: s,gn, 

ficauvemen ; ci constderablerncm !'.ncorx, 

ration de "P . Sans It RNA tiral notammen : 

fors des phaee> de mu!uphca :,on rap :ce 

De meme {a teneur en RNA nra! es : tree r, . 

Quilt 5ur do Iensues pe-codes de tempt 

Or. note sine : nflurnce mu:ns marquee du 

DHT sun !a snthest' du RNA par l'hote 

e; son sa terror chev ceiu- 

Ex :, reswne dauieurs 

2347782

3770 SCHUSTER G . . HoRRINGKLEE W . . WINTER 

H .& al . / 

(In German) Dldxo hes hydro ttiaslne . 

a new synthetic antlphytovirel compound 

. 

Zenrralbl. Bakieriol. Parasirenkd. In 

lektionskr. Hyg., Pt 2 . 1979, 134-1 . 

p . 64-9 . 

After treatment with dioxohexahvdrotriazine 

(DHT i the concentration of helical potato 

virus X in leaves of Nicoriana mbacum 

Samsun . was found to be considerably 

reduced in both the serological test and 

local lesiop test ,Anducted on Nicoriana 

ehnutosa. -in secondarily infected leaves, 

the reduction of the concentration of potato 

virus X was so (from I M/I to 10-' M/ 

It that it was no longer possible for viruses 

to be detected serologically . in vitro, howeset 

DHT which was added to the inoculum. 

did not produce a significant change 

in the activity of the virion of potato 

virus X. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume 

that DHT tends to affect replication 

steps of viruses . The use of DHT also had 

the effect of greatly and highly significant . 

h reducing the concentration of the isodiametric 

cucumber mosaic virus . 


3T) SHERwoop J .L., FL'LToN R .K . 

A comparison on the Infection of 

healthy and mosaic (TM\') Nicotiana 

svlvestris by necrotic strains of TMV . 

Phvtopathoiog' . 1981 . 7110, p. 1117 

abstr . 

Twenty one to 242 times more of a necrotic 

strain of TMV was required to produce an 

equal number of lesions on mosaic as on 

health' .\ syh es tits . but slopes of infect' 

1% 1 :\ curses were similar . Resistance of 

mosaic plants to supennfection was not 

due to inhibition of necrosis non-necrotic 

starch lesions did not occur nor was it 

co-rela:cd sot' thickness of external eni 

derma', cell Walit No inhibitor of TM\ 

mu!:rphcauon In mosaic leaf tissue was 

detect ec Gro,inc mosaic or healthy plant> 

at 32 C increased their resistance to super 

;niecuor or ini e^:tor, respects els Catalase 

arcs its d;d nol c :f;er sicnifrcanils to m o 

an: heat. :, p!a-its but mosaic planihad 

h:^br perosic : concert rations than 

. :its r ray \1 h. r. mosaic a.ani~ we ; . 

suner .n: cc icd perucdaci ac ::'. its did not 

. : :"an 

:'' in "es " east LL ::' e . .. : the onsC 


VIROLOGJ E 

Is . 

3770 SCHUSTER G ., HORINGKLEE W ., WINTER 

H.& al . 

(En allemand) La dloxohexabydrotria 

sine, un nouveau compose synthetlque 

contra Ien vino vttdtaux . 

Zentra!bl. Bakieriol. Parasirenkd. Infekrionskr. 

Hyg., Pt 2 . 1979, 1341, 

p. 64-9 . 

Apres traitement i Is dioxohexahydrotriazi 

ne (DHT) . Is cone. en PVX des feuilles 

de Nicotiana rabacum cv . Samsun apparait 

considerablement redone. aussi bien tors 

du test strologique que dans l'essai de 

lesions locales sur N. glurinosa Dans Its 

feuilles a infe 'ion secondaire, la reduction 

de PVX esi telle - de I M/l a 10- M11 - 

Cull nest plus possible de detecter le vi . 

its serologiquement . In vitro. en revanche . 

Is DHT ajoutee a l'inoculum ne modifie 

pas sensiblement I'activite du virion de 

PVX. II est done raisonnable de penser que 

la DHT affecte les etapes de reproduction 

des virus. L'emploi de la DHT a aussi considerablement 

reduit la conc . en CMV isodiametrique 

Exrr. resume anglais d'auleurs . 

3771 SHERwooci J .L ., FCLTON R .K . 

(En anglais) Comparalson de )'Infection 

de plantes salnes ou Is mosaique 

(TMV) de Nicotiana sylvestris par les 

souches necrotiques de TM\' . 

Phvropathologv, 1961 . 71-10, p . 1117, 

abstr . 

Il faut de 21 a 242 lois plus dune souche 

necrouque or TMV pour produire un me' 

me nombre de lesions sur les plantes a 

mosaique que sur les plantes saines de n 

n iresins, mats la pence des courbes din' 

fectivne en semblable La resistance des 

o!antes a mosaioue a la surinfection nest 

pas due a ]'inhibition de )a necrose il 

it's a ras de lesions non necrotiques 

t amidoni et Is resistance nest pas live 

non plus a lepaisseur des patois cel 

lu!zires eyteneures de 1 epiderme Au :un 

mho biteur de la mul :ip]icaton do TM\ 

n a ete detene can, It into rollout mr 

samur Lec plane, mosaicuee or sa :ncen 

Lou r, de trotssz vice a C presen :e-. u- e 

.. :CNc Tecpec ltACmC 7i a : 5l1 

in :e:c'o' ct z i tnfe : :tcr L 

d b ; aucou; en:,, 1 . 

cods t . . de` pfante, ma :s ice mosaiquee 

2347763

T 

of necrosis Induction of b . proteins 

could not be correlated with resistance to 

superinfection . 

3772 SHIMDMPIU T ., OHASHi Y ., ISHIDA N . 

Antiviral effect of 9 metbylatreptlml . 

done in plants . 

Limsu 1980, 30-j, p . 111 .8 . 

a 

9-MS greath inhibited the number of local 

lessons produced on leaves of Samsun 

NN u tobacco inoculated with tobacco mosate 

virus (TMV) . The size of the local 

lesions significantly decreased in leaves treat 

ed with 9-.MS The inhibitor' effect of 9-MS 

r as shown even when TM\' was inoculated 

on the lower surface of leaves and then 

9MS was rubbed on the upper surface 

This suggests a possibility that 9-MS ma' 

penetrate into leaf tissues By the leaf disc 

method, the effect of 9-MS on TM% mul . 

: :phcation was confirmed in . Samsun n 

and . . Bright Yellow a tobaccos, both of 

which were systemic hosts of TMV. No 

remarkable inhibition of lesion formation 

was observed in leaves inoculated with the 

mixture of TMV and 9-MS, suggesting no 

direct effect of 9-MS on TM\' . In addition . 

9-MS as found to inhibit the synthesis of 

nucle;c acid and protein in the TM\' fractior; 

prepared from TMV-infected leaves . 

but that in ribosomal fraction was not so 

much inhioued under the same condition 

High temperature 130') or actinomycin D . 

which blocks the induction of acquired re~ 

sistance in plants, did not affect the 9-MS 

induced resistance. Similar inhibitory effect 

of 9-MS was also observed in cowpea leaves 

inoculated with cucumber mosaic virus . 


DTI TACIDl viii T 

Inhibition of plant virus Infection b, 

extracts from seeds of Dianthus bar 

batus L . 

A' :,: nbnot,c:ho( So, Jp :: 1980 ob .[ 

p t2e 3 _ 

See: extracts of U:con:u! barbc;us inh :b ; ;- 

,s the dot elopmen ; of local lessons induceioca:ro 

mosa :: r : ras .o: mars stra :r ~ 

:T\1\-Ohl and potatt tiros \ (P\'X : on 

when mixes 

the mo,-'J : a Tnr e\I :ans o:e'enied i- . 

Iocttor o' Samaur N . tuoa:,o and French 


VIROLOG Y 

J[` 

ont de plus fortes conc . en peroxvdase que 

Its planter Baines . Lorsque Yes plantes a 

mosaique sent surinfectees . leur activite 

peroxvdasique ne s'accroit pas sensiblement 

jusqu'a apparition de Is necrose. La for 

mation de proteines b . n'a pu etre correlee 

a Is resistance a Is surinfection . 

3772 SHIMOMVRA T ., OHASHI Y . . ISHIDA N . 

(En anglais) Action antlvlrale de Is 9methylstreptlmldone 

chez Its vegetatix 

. ' 

Uirusu, 1980, 30-2 . p. Ill-S . 

La 9-methvlstreptimidone (9-MS) inhibe )a 

formation des lesions locales sur feuilles 

de tabac Samsun NN inoculees par TM\' . 

La taille et le nombre de ces lesions soot 

significativement reduits. L'inhibition prosoquee 

par le 9-MS mten-ient meme quand 

cc produit est frotte sur la face superieure 

de la feuille alors que I'inoculation virale a 

eta faire sur la face mferieure . La 9-MS pour 

rail done penetrer daps le tissu foliaire . 

Grace a la methode du disque foliaire, on 

a pu confirmer lection du prodwt sur la 

multiplication de. TM\' chez Samsun et 

Bright Yellow . sous deux holes svstemiques 

du virus. On ne note pas d'inhibition des 

lesions lorsqu'on mocule un melange de 

TM\' ci de 9-MS aux feuilles, cc qut exclut 

one action directe du produit sur le 

virus. La 9-MS inhibe en Quire Is svnthese 

de l'acide nucleique ei des proteines dans 

)a fraction virale preparee a partir de 

feuilles infectees . mats la svnthese exis . 

tant daps la fraction ribosomale nest pas 

tellemeni inhibee, dans ces memos conditions 

. Une temperature ghee (30' ) et lac 

unomycme D, out bloque ]'acquisition de 

)a resistance chez Yes plantes, n'influencent 

pas Is resistance due a la 9-MS. On ob 

serve one action semblable de ce produit 

Bans Ies feuilles de pois chiche inoculees 

par CMV 

Resume d'auteurs 

3773 TA.\ict'c;l) 7 

(En anglaisi Inhibition des infections 

virales des vegetaux par des extraits 

de graice de Dianthus barbatus . 

A- ;': pia :ors Hto.' So: Jr.': 1951' 4r5 

p 62s .3 : 

Dee e\ ;rc;t- Cc r :a :ne, de L he he :;,' on : 

:olive le u:'. aoppe :n.e n . e: i -- toes. . 

cue- a TM\ stnchc o.-:.a :7,TM\-011 

am,: Qua P% X su : Ci:n;crt .d ::": one's' . 

., .'o' lor.at'r cr, ex : : ails eta :en ; meta-. 

:infection. 

co to nor Samson S\ el du harro: vent pa : 

2347784

ean by TMV-OM when applied within 

3 days before or within 3 hours after appltcation 

of TMV.OM inocula. The extracts 

also showed virus inhibition when they 

were applied to the lower surface of leaves 

of Samsun NN tobacco and French bean 

and then TMV-OM was applied to the upper 

surface. The inhibitory activity could be 

separated into 3 distinct substances by gelf:hrauon 

chromatography on a column of 

Sephadex G-25. Strong inhibitor activity 

was observed in the substance of high molecular 

weight . 


a 

3774 VAN DORST H .J .M . .- HUIJBERTS N ., Bos 

LWhiteflydransrnttted disease of glass 

house vegetables, a novelty for Europ 

e 

Aeth . J. Plant Pathos ., 1980, 866, p . 31 1 

Since a publication on yellows of outdoor 

lettuce and endive in the Netherlands caus. 

ed bs beer western yellows virus, which 

is aphid-borne in the persistent manner, 

attention has increasingly been drawn to 

a similar disease in glasshouse lettuce, endtse 

cucumber and some other crops . Howeve- 

this disease could not be transmitted 

with aphids, nor could a virus be isolated 

with techniques successfully applied precious)' 

to beet western yellows virus and 

to the related bean leafroll virus . Like with 

the outdoor vellosvs disease, plants could 

not be cured with magnesium dressings . 

Yellowing resulting in plants of Nicotianc 

clet'elandu and A . glunnosa exposed to 

feeding by whiteflies from diseased lettuce 

plants is discussed 

Authors' Summon . 

3775 Yosstzsxt T . 

Acquisition of tobacco mosaic virus 

b) aphids (Myzus persicae Suit .) . 

Ann Phnopcthoi . Soc. Ipn. 1981, 471 

p 24-8 

The addition of bentonite suspension to 

mu---ulurn allowed the recoven of mlectiras 

of tobacco mosaic virus IT .v7\'i on A'icmmt :c 

gf:. tmosc from, the homogenates of aphid : 

w hi:h had been fed on infected tobacco 

bot the :rife :uc:n recot eyed was faint lot. 

as compared to that recovered from aphids 

fed on plan : extracts through a membrane 

Infectious TM\' or. 1 ghtrutosa could be 


VJROLOGI E 

Sc 

TMV OM lorsqutils sons appliques 3 jours 

avant ou 3 heures spies I'moculation du 

virus. Ces extracts sont tgalement efftcaces 

lorsqu'ils sons appliques sur la face infeneure 

des feuilles de ubac et de haricot . 

slots que 1'inoculation est faire sur )a face 

supeneure des vegetaux . L'activite inhibitrice 

peut ttre stparte en trots substances 

distinctes par chromatographic par filtration 

sur gel sur colonne Sephadex G-25 . 

Unit forte activite inhibitrice est observee 

dans It composant It poids moleculaire 

Cleve . 

Extr. resume d'auteu r 

3774 VAN DORST HJ .M ., HUIJBERTS N ., Bos 

L. 

(En anglais) Une maladie des piantes 

an serre transmfse par Is mouche 

blanche : sane nouveaute an Europe . 

Seth. J. Plant Parhol ., 1980, 86-6, p . 311- 

3 . 

Depuis Is publication sur It jaunissement 

des laitues et endives a 1'exteneur, en Hollande, 

provoque- par It BWYV, lequel est 

transpose par Its aphides de faSon persistante, 

une attention croissante s'est portee 

sur une maladie semblable intervenant en 

serre sur Its laitues, endives, concombres 

ci autres planter de culture . II ne semble 

cependant pas que Is maladie puisse ere 

transmise par les aphides, et aucun virus 

n'a pu titre isole a I'aide des techniques 

precedemment appliqutes avec susses a 

l'identification de BWY\' et de BLR\ De 

meme tie pour la maladie de iaunisse 

ment a g I'exteneur, Its planter n'oni pu titre 

guenes a l'aide d'application de magnesium. 

On evoque a cc suet le jaunissement 

resultant, chez des planter de A1conana cle 

velandii et N . glurmosa, de ]'exposition a 

des mouches blanches provenant de laitues 

ma lad es . 

Resume d'auteurs 

377 .5 YosHr2Axt T 

(En anglaisl Acquisition de TMV par 

Its aphides (Myzus persicae) . 

Ae : Pnrtopaiho! So; Jpr 1981, 4 ; 1 . 

p 20. E 

L addition dune suspension de bentonite 

a Itnoculum permet de recuperer Iintectttne 

de TM\ sur :yaonmu pit ::vosc a pa : 

or d'homovenats d anhide' nou- .-n su r 

bay tn.fect, cependar: ains . 

re :uperet est falble corona rec a Celle r . 

cuperee ~ oartir de I mserie noun ; des 

t-a : - seeetaux a travers one membrane 

L TM\ dr \ citrt'tosc a pu tire recupe ' 

2347785 

T

T 

recovered from a single ventriculus which 

was dissected from aphiq/ fed on purified 

TMV. b' an addition of'bentonite suspen . 

sion to the homogenates . A very small 

amount of infectious TMV was recovered 

from intestines including hindgut, but not 

from the remainders of the dissected aphids . 

The virus from one thousand aphids fed on 

purified TMV at 18.5 mg/ml through a 

membrane was purified by differential cern 

trifuggation As a result. the total amount 

of T .M\' obtained was 221 mg . and the 

average amount per aphid was calculated 

at 2.21 u€ 


TECHNOLOGY-AGRICULTURE 

See also : 3607, 3675 

and title ref. : 39633974 

377e BESxNGER M .D . 

Solar energy and tobacco . 

l'ou Cult ., 1981 . 404, p . 20-1 . 

A solar captor installed in Alsace on a 

2.600 m' (34 x 9 .5 x 8 m) high barn with 

a mechanical raising system is described . 

The captor has an area of 36 m' and comprises 

40 1 .5 x 0.6 m elements side by 

side. The bottom consists of galvanized 

sheet metal painted black and placed on 

a layer of polystyrene . One of the open 

ends of the captor opens into the roof 

ridge and allows 2!3 barn air for 1/3 outer 

air to be drawn in ; the other end is ex . 

tended by a vertical pipe leading into a 

caisson The hot air drawn in by a fan 

with an output of 5,000.7,000 m'/h is propulsed 

to a distribution sheath . For an 

exterior temperature of 1120`, a nse in 

temperature of 2.5' is observed inside the 

barn when the solar captor has been in 

operation during the morning . To prevent 

moisture condensation in the upper pan of 

the barn, a continuous skylight with adustable 

openings must be provided . 

BLtmt D .E KoorL1EF W .G ., Lsxi 3 .3 . 

Continuous flow system for the ex . 

traction of protein from tobacco leaves . 

Tob Chen; Res Con' 1961 . 35 p. ' . 

a'os : r 

A procedure has been developed for the 

cn sial5zauor of ribulose 1,5'bisphosphate 


TECHNOLOGIE-AGRICOL E 

157 

rt a partir d'un seal ventricule disseque 

d'aphides nourris de virus purifie, en ajoutam 

aux homogtnats de )a bentonite en 

suspension . Une tres petite quantite de TM\' 

infectieux esi recuptree a partir des intestins 

. dour I'intestin postdrieur, mais non 

pas a partir des testes disseques de ]'inset . 

te. On a purifie par centrifugation diffe . 

rentielle Is substance virale obtenue dun 

millier d'aphides nourris sur TMV purifie 

(185 mg/ml) it travers one membrane . La 

quantite totale a eta de 221 mg . et Its 

quantite movenne/aphide de 2 .21 tsg . 


TECHNOLOGI&AGRICOL E 

Voir aussi : 3607, 3675 

el ref. signal. : 3963397 4 

3776 BES*NGER M .D . 

(En anglais) Energie aolaise et tabac . 

Voix Cult ., 1981 . 404, p . 20-1 . 

On decrit un capteur solaire installe en 

Alsace sur un sechoir vertical a remontee 

mecanique, de 2600 m' (34 x 9,5 x 8 m) . 

Le capteur a une superficic de 36 m' et 

comports 40 elements accoles de 1,5 x 0,6 m . 

Son fond est constitue de tole galvanisee 

recouverte de peinture noire in repose sur 

une couche de polystyrene . L'une des extremites 

ouverte du capteur dtbouche sur 

la faitiere ei permet d"aspirer pour 2/3 

fair du sechoir et pour 1/3 fair exteneur ; 

I'autre extremite est prolongee par une gai . 

ne verticale debouchant sur un caisson . 

Lair chaud repris par un ventilateur de 

50007000 m'/h de debit est pulse vers une 

game de repanition Pour une temperature 

exterieure de 11 .20' . on observe une elevation 

de la temperature a l'mterieur du 

sechoir de 2-5' Spies une matinee de fond 

tionnemem du capteur solatre . Pour eviler 

la condensation de l'humidtte dans )a par 

tie haute du sechoir, un lanierneau con inu 

a ouvertures reglables devra tire pree u 

3777 BeustE D .E., K00ouEr W .G., Lev 3i . 

(En anglais, Systeme d'extraction en 

conlinu des protelnes de feullles de 

tabac . 

Toh Chen: Res Con' 198] 

abs : : 

On a mis au point un mode operato ;re 

pour cnstalhser a parer de feuilles d e 

2347786

carboxylase (Fraction I Protein) and sub 

sequent recovery of Fraction II Proteins 

from homogenized tol2ticco leaves . The continuous 

flow system es adaptable to largescale 

protein removal -and does not require 

high salt concentrations, Sephadex columns 

or heat treatments to obtain protein . Fresh . 

Is harvested tobacco leaves are homogenized 

and the slurry is pressed through a 

nylon filter to retain fibers and cellular 

debris. The green filtrate is processed 

through a 02-micron cross-flow filter which 

removes chloroplastic particles . The protein 

permeate is pumped through a series of 

hollow fiber cartridges to concentrate the 

solution and selectively .collect proteins of 

varying molecular weights . Protein fractions 

are then p ocessed it a diafiltration mode 

with a bt>ered solution to remove contaminants 

and assayed for RuBP carboxylase 

acuvfq and total protein content prior to 

drying . 

377F Bost S .C 

Solar barn . 

Tob. News, 1980, 310/11, p . 5 .7 . 

A barn with a capacity of around 650 sticks 

and main] using solar energy was instal . 

led in Central Tobacco Research Institute 

(CTRL in Rajahmundr3 . Its solar absorber 

consists of corrugated aluminium sheets 

whose sun-facing surface is covered by 

epoxy mat black paint. One glass sheet is 

held a: 75-80 mm from the absorber, and 

the second at 12-15 mm from the first glass . 

The at, circulation system consists of a 

centrifugal blower with ducts bringing hot 

air into the solar absorbers inside the 

barn or infecting fresh air from outside if 

necessan . The solar barn itself is provided 

with two apes of ventilators : bottom 

s enti lators on the south side for fresh air 

intake and top ventilators on the north side 

for exhausting moist an . Supplementary heat 

source is provided b' a coal furnace gem 

eraanc ho: air into the tubes. As for the 

euai)n of the cured tobacco the solar 

bar,. Cites the same result as the convem 

tona barn The theoretical efficiency of the 

tao barns is 73 65 c, and 44 .39 tr . respeo 

trek Ac malls, in experimental curing, the 

eft iorncc of the solar and conventional 

barns loaded iv:h 309 tobacco sticks each 

aas 37 .5 : and 17.oc cc respecnvel . Cur 

inc time for solar bar ., is about 20 hours 

bolos, of n- cons entiona : bars ; coo ; . 

nedoss nee is also shover as fresh aican 

Se :n,er :ed ,, Inc bins, er Fina'.I s 

is ec : :mat ed that the curing capacin of 


TECHNOLOGY-AGRICULTUR E 

155 

tabac homogeneisees . Is ribulose 1,5-bis 

phosphate earboxylase (proteine de fray 

Lion I), et pour recuperer ensuite les pro 

ttines de fraction 11. Cc procede continu 

petit titre adapte a ('extraction a grande 

echelie des proteines ei me ntcessite ni de 

tortes conc . en set, ni colones de Sephadex, 

m traitements thermiques. Its 

feuilles de tabac fraichement cueillies sons 

homogeneisees et Is bouillie est pressee a 

travers un filtre de nylon pour en retenir 

les fibres et debris cellulaires. It filtrat 

Vert est passe a travers un filtre a ecoo 

lemeni transversal, qui retient les partico 

les chloroplastiques. Les proteines passant 

a travers sont pompees dans une serie de 

cartouches a fibres creuses pour concentrer 

Is solution ci recueillir selectivement les 

proteines de differents poids moleculaires . 

Les fractions proteiques sent aloes soumises 

a ten procede de diafiltration, a ('aide 

dune solution tampon, pour ehminer les 

contaminants, et titles sent testees pour 

lour activne RuBP earboxylase ainsi quo 

pour leur teneur en proteines totales, avant 

sechag e 

3778 Bose S .C . 

(En anglais) Secholr solaire . 

Tob. Neirs, 1980, 3-10/1) . p. 5-7 . 

Cc sechoir dune capacity de 650 latter et 

utilisant principalemem 1'energie solaire 

a ete installe au CTRI de RaJahmundr . 

Ses capteurs sour constitues de plaques 

d'alum:nium ondule. dons Is surface face 

au soleil est couverte dune peinture epoxy 

noire mate line premiere s-itre est placee 

a 75-80 mm de Is parue absorbance et une 

seconde 12-15 mm au-dessus de )a premiere . 

Le systeme de circulation d'air est consticue 

dune soufflerie centrifuge avec des 

tuvaux amenant fair chaud des capteurs so' 

laires a 17nteneur du sechoir et cntroduisant 

eventuellemen : de fair frais du dehors 

Dam le sechoir meme . des ventilateurs sons 

mstalles en position basso, cote sud. pour 

l'absorption d'atr frais . et en position hau . 

te. cote nord pour evacuer fair humide 

Un chauffage dappoint au charbon, four 

mssant de -fair chaud par des conduiles 

es : prevu Par rapport a on sechoir te' 

moth de type classique It nouveau sechoir 

solaire donne u. tabar seche de meme 

qualite L'el ficaafe theonque des deus tn.' 

Des de sechoirs en resperuvement de 

44 .39 to e : 73 .t5 4 : en fair . tors des essay 

eft ectues ici asec on chargemen : tie tabu, 

de 309 lanes par sechoir -1 e ::ican :, roe : ., 

a etc resoec : n emen: de l- er e: Le 

temp- do srchare dans le iechv.r ada(r. e" 

inèneur at 20 h a ceiu: du serho:r class 

on De merne l'mi croon. date frais can- 

1, pt emi ei secho :t permei de rarcou rcr 

2347787 

T

the solar barn is some 5i}e0 % above that 

o! the conventional barn of same size . The 

actual operating costs for the solar barn 

represent less than 70 % of those for the 

comentonal barn . As for the additional 

energ, requirement for the solar barn, it 

can be met b, burning tobacco stems, 

whose top portions are used for preparation 

of compost . Apart from the solar absorber 

at present placed only on the top of the 

solar barn . some subsidiary solar absorbers 

could also be placed on its southern and 

western walls . 

3779 Bo„uNc J .T . 

Air flow monitor for bulk curing. 

lob Rp :r. 1981, 1066, p . 66 . 

U.S Patent 4263 .720. The invention relates 

to an at, flow monitoring device in the 

pa :,", of a system of air that is circulated 

,erucalh through the mass of bulk to- 

Sacco contained within the curing and dning 

structure The air flow monitoring de 

rice is operatively associated with a master 

one! : , switch and is operativeh cor,' 

netted to a main control panel or unit 

that is in turn operatively associated and 

connected to an alarm device such as a 

sire" . 

3780 DANFORD T .J . 

Energy efficient bulk tobacco curing 

and Ching structure . 

0;' Gc: L'S Pa ; . Of,_, 1981 . 10054 

p 133 E 

C S Patent n 4 .263 .721 . This invention 

relates w a dn'mg structure for bulk to 

baccc. comprising a drying chamber, a forces 

all turnace sr stern cenicalh circulatc 

ho: at-, stern. and efftcteti; heat exchancer 

capabl, of recuperating the her 

associated wnh exhaus : at,, in order to 

cans ; e : :; to fresh a ;: com:nc into the bar . 

in: heat exchaneer disposed in the pat`. 

e' etnaus: ant ttesh inlet at. consists i n 

plurai :n 0' elonea: rd plate, disposed 

sine.^,'s:dr thus tomÎ"^ narro,- passa^, 

"a,s altetna ;:nc Sc that titer. other 

pay sa tea a . It exhaus : one what th 

pa»-era a, betas: an Inlet um 


TECHNOLOCIE AGRICOLE 

15L 

sensiblement le temps de refroidissemen : 

par rapport au second. Au total et a taille 

e-.ale. It premier a une eapacite de se 

chaRe estimee a 50-60 4 superieure (en 

voids) a Celle du second. Le coot reel de 

lonctionnement du sechoir solaire represeine 

moms de 70 ^n de celui Cu sechoir 

temoin. Quant au ehauffage d'appoint de 

celui-la, on pense gull pourrait Eve assure 

par la combustion des tiges de tabac (la 

partie haute de cellesci etant cependant 

uttlisee pour Ia preparation du composts 

Les captcurs solaires actuellement installes 

sur It toit pourraient titre completes par 

des capteurs d'appoint sur les parois sud 

el tiniest du sechoir . 

3779 Bowcixc J .7 . 

(En anglais) Systemic de contr6le du 

debit d'air dens un sechoir en masse 

a air force . 

7ob. Rp ;e, 1981 . 1066, p . 66. 

Brevet US n` 4 .263 .720. La presence invention 

se rapporte a on dtspositif de con. 

trOte place Bans le flux d'air force ascendant 

passant a tracers le tabac en masse 

dune structure de sechage ei de dessiccatnon. 

Ce dispositif est operatoirement asso- 

Cie a on commutateur central et a un tableau 

de commande principal . )urmeme 

relit a un svsieme d alarme, tel que sirene . 

3780 DANFORD Ti . 

(En anelatsl Structure de sechage du 

tabac in masse, efficace du point de 

t'ue energetique . 

0;L 6c_ CS Pc : Olf .. 1981, 1005+ . 

p 1336 . 

Brevet US n' 4 .263 721 . Cette invention concerne 

une structure de sechace dv tabac 

en masse comportant une enceinte de 

sechagc une chaudlere a air force, un s 

trine de ❑rc u!atton , .ale de I air chaud 

el un echangeu : do temperature ef :i:a : 

tapaba do recunerer a cha!ec: do : . 

In :rrlcur an moment dc son r\ac ::at (C J-e 

: 

de la trans;ere a !at, bans er.mrzc: can' 

Ic stir ;ao : : Lecnanceur d, tcmo ::atu : . 

d: spot, dan- Ic cunduc dcc arua :tun 

d aom' -ICl" 0, )a :: Ct : Constituc C'J rLL 

mul ;I :ud, - :hour- a ; ;unerc planter 

cute-a'. va lu .nman ; de :runs coulol,-s 

Cu:r ' ' C;J', ezt rese:tc a iadmissio n 

d : . .. .. ,a .,.,, e,acauur. 

2347788

Virginia 1981 . 

Vol., Cu? : ., 1981 ; 403. p . 17-8 . 

Various technical pointers are given for 

growing Virginia D flue-cured tobacco in 

France, notably as regards : earthing up 

before transplanting . irrigation, topping-inhibition 

and . even more particularly, harvesting 

and curing. In connection with the last 

two points, it is recommended not to 

gather wilted leaves, not to harvest vellou 

of whitish leaves or those that have 

dined on the stalk . or leaves that are too 

green. It is advised lto load the barn even . 

1% and asuquickly as possible ; to lower 

moisture before starting to raise the tempperature 

by opening the louvres (down to 

70 %y moisture) , 

3782 MIKHAtiot A . . TOMAROVSAY P., Mutc o' 

A. & a! . 

Tobacco harvester . 

Tob. Rpir, 1981, 108-11, p . 82 . 

U.S Patent 4285,189 . The leaf picking ma . 

chine comprises a self-propelled chassis 

which carries a conveyor for holding the 

tobacco stalk in a vertical position, a 

leaf stripper situated below said conveyor 

and a means for withdrawing the severed 

tobacco leaves . located under the leaf strip. 

per The leaf stopper is made as a row of 

parallel drums the shaft of each of which 

carries augers and brushes, the diameter 

of the drum with the brushes exceeding 

the diameter of the drum auger . The 

auger is made fast on the drum shaft 

through bushes which are adjustably mounted 

on the shaft so as to control the angle 

of the auger helix whereas the drums al 

loss their angle to the horizontal and the 

angularity therebetween to be adjusted . The 

conveyor is made of two adjacent strands 

provided with a plurahi' of elastic oppositely 

directed projections which are spar 

ed equidistantly on each of the strands in 

such a manner that the projections on one 

of the strands are offset by half the pitch 

with. respect to the projections on the 

adjacent strand, said projections when in 

a free state having the neigh : exceeding 

the distance 'between the conveyor strands 

The con'e'or mounts a means of lifting 

the. drooping tobacco leaves made as op 

posnel' rotatinc drums with brushes secured 

to the drum shafts 



3781 HAEIS P . 

(En anglais) Vltglnie 1981 . 

Voix Cult ., 1981 . 403, p . 17-8. 

Divers points de reperes techniques sont 

indiques pour la culture en France du 

tabac flue-cured Virgin e D, notammeni en 

cc qui concerne : le buttage avant plantation, 

l'irrigation, 1'ecimage-inhibition, et 

plus parueulierement encore la cueillette et 

le sechage . En cc qui concerne ces deux 

derniers points . it est recommande de ne 

pas ramasser de feuilles fanees, de ne pas 

recolter des feuilles jaunts, blanchatres ou 

seches stir pied, vii des feuilles trop s-er . 

tes ; on conseille de remplir It sechoir de 

talon homogene et le plus rapidemeni possible 

; d'abaisser I'humidite avant de declencher 

la montee en temperature en ouvrant 

legerement les volets (jusqu a 70 

d'humidue) . 

3782 Mtxn#ii .ov A ., TONAaovsgv P ., Muk*sot 

A. & al . 

(En anglais) Machine i rtcolter It to 

bac . 

Tob . Rpir, 1981, 10&11 . p. 82 , 

Brevet US 4 .285 .189. Cette machine a cued' 

lir le tabac en feuilles comprend un chassis 

automoteur comportani un convoveur 

destine a maintenir les ties de tabac en 

position veruwle, tine effeuilleuse placee 

sous le convoveur, et . sous 1'effeuilleuse . 

un dispositif pour retirer les feuilles cow 

pees. L'effeuilleuse est constitute dune ran 

gee de cvlindres paralleles, dont les axes 

comportent des lames helicoidales ou des 

brosses ; It diametre des cvlindres a bros 

ties depasse celul des cvlindres a lames . 

Celles-ci soot fixees a )'axe du cvlindre par 

des bagues reglables montees sur faze, de 

maniere a modifier a volonte I angle de 

l'helice des lames . Landis qu'on peut regler 

I angle des cvlindres par rapport a I'hori . 

zontal et leur inclinaison mutuelle . Le 

convoveur es: fait de deux torons ad 

jacents equipes dun grand nombre dtile' 

merits saillants elastiques de direction on 

poste ; ces elements soot espaces regulie 

remem. sur chaque toron . de maniere a 

titre decales dun demi-intercalle par rap, 

port a leurs vis-a-vis respecots au repos 

ccc elements saillants on : unc ioneueur su . 

peneure a Ia distance entry its torons du 

convoveur Le redressement ds, fewlles cv . 

penchent ell assure par des c'hndres de 

rotation opposee . egmpes de brosses 

I

I 

37€3 Rossi A .C. & at . 

(in Italian) The macchanlaatton of tobacco 

harvesting and Curing . 

Cons. eta:. Ricer. Aecad. Na:. Agric ., 

Bologna, 1961, 30, 79 p . 


3783 Rossi A .C. & a) . 

(En italien) MeeanWtlon de Is ntcolte 

sit du edahage du Cabot . 

Cons. nat. Ricer, Accad, Na :, Agric ., 

Bologna, 1981, 10, 79 p. 

After having described the main character- Apres avoir donne Its principales caracteistics 

of tobacco growing in Italy and on the c t dens de Is culture du tabac on Italic 

world scale as well as the evolution of et dens It monde, ainsi quit son n evolution 

its marketing aspects during the past ten marchande au tours des di x dernieres an- 

'ears the author gives a detailed study of nets, les panicularitts technicoeconomiques 

the pechmco.economic particularities of the de Is culture du tabac Virginie Bright on 

Virginia Bright tobacco crops in Umbria Ombrie, de 1978 a 1960, sons examinees 

from 1978 to 1980. Thus, the analysis of a on details. L'ana)yse dun groupe d'expfoi- 

croup of farms conft)pned the - great incations confirme )a grande incidence des 

cidence of lagor Mills (60 4) as well as touts de main-d'auvre (60 wo) et la part 

the ei ergrowing significance of energy costs croissante des touts energetiques (20 °'t) . 

(20 'il At the present suit of techniques, Avec Jos techniques actuelles de production . 

some 740-850 working houri/ha and 350 to it taut environ 740.850 h' de travail/ha de 

450 h : : are required. Furthermore, major tabac Bright et 350-450 h/t. On passe en 

technical and cultural adjustments necessary suite an revue )es principales corrections 

for the harvesting mechanization of this culturales necessaires pour realiser la me- 

tobacco anet} were surveyed : cultivar . eanisation de la recolte de cc type de to 

p:ammg distance, topping and suckering bac : Choi, des cv ., distances de plantation , 

treatments The two main harvesting ma- 'I ecimage Cl traitement anti-bourgeons, puis 

chines tested are also briefly described, on decrit brievement les deux principaux 

name!, Long and Powell with their res- types de machines testees : Long et Powell . 

pective economic performances . As for cur- on indiquani les resultats economiques ob- 

i c the results of two treatments are eon tenus zvec dies. En cc qu; concerne )e se 

pared bulk curing of Virginia Bright to- chage . les resultats de deux traitements 

bat :o on racks, and curing with leaves sont compares : It sechage en masse de s 

as harvested as they are put into con- feuilles Sur ratehers, es celui des feuilies 

ta;ners uhen harvested (the so-called Long's non alignees, te)les qu'elles soot mises en 

method' The investigation also focuses on conteneurs au moment de )a recolte as 

the energ requirements for conventional tome Longi . On examine tnsuite la con 

barns . sunablt modified rooms and rooms sommation d'energie en sechoir traditionequipped 

with solar energy harnessing sys net, dans des installations specialement mo 

terns Finalle, the last chapter outlines the diftees ou dans des locaux equipes de svspossibilities 

of extracting smoking tobacco temes de captage de I 'energie solaire . fin 

proteins in order to use them as foodstuff . dernier chapnre est consacre Aux possib i 

lites d'extraire Its protttnes du tabac it 

turner pour les utiliser comme source all 

Montalto 

378. SHEEN Si . 

Biomass and chemical composition of 

tobacco plants under Will denslq 

growth . 

Tob Chem . Res. Conf., 1981, 35, p. 4, 

abstr 

Trr tobacco cullivars representing various 

It per "ere grown at a density of 75 to 

6r p,aras per square mete: and were her 

tasted a: knee-height Biomass yield ranged 

rum 44 to 70 metric Ions per hectare 

unh K, it Mammoth the highest The Mammoth 

tenet, howet er, had the lowest leaf 

stern.atio if 77~ whereas Coke: 139 as the 

Fuener. 140. One meta : ion of biomass 

upulc produce about c ke of soluble pro 

ten: t h:ch is tndependen: of the lea .' 

s :-n. raio Anait set of the deprotetmzed 

l toee vet eaird that the let els of neutra' 


lei 

3764 SHEEN S .J . 

(En anglais) Blomasse at composftfon 

ehimique des planets de tabac on 

culture dense . 

7ob. Chem Res . Conf ., 1981, 35. p. 4 . 

abstr . 

Dix ct de tabac representant dlfferents 

types oast tie cu!ties a des densties d e 

75be plantes,m ei les planter recoftees 

lorsqu'elles aueignatent Is hauteur du p.' 

nou Les rendemenu er biomass, on: etr 

compass em re 44 ei 70 tonnes ha Kt Ie 

Mammoth fuurmssam It pi.us ion rend, 

meal En ret an-c, cent- 'a : presente It 

plus faiolr rapport le,jillit me (177'' tan 

dm out Coke; I3~ a )e Plus e)e'e 14 .04 

Lne tunne de o :omasse product environ t kg 

de protcines so= ;es mdependamment do 

rapport feuills ice 1-analyse des fibres de- 

2347790 

it

and acid detergent fibers, cellulose and 

hems cellulose uere comparable among the 

ten cultivars. A large variation of lignin 

content was obserted among the dark to . 

baccos. Burleys, in general, had lower concentrattons 

of starch and insoluble proteins 

in the fibrous residue than the dark tobaccos 

. The present results suggest that 

the selection of tobacco genotypes is of 

importance for high density cultivation in 

the production of soluble proteins for hu . 

man consumption and fibrous residues as 

animal feed . 

3785 \SOODLIEF \4 .G ., 'CHAPLIN I .F ., CAMPBELL 

C .R. & a) . 

Effect of variety and harvest treat . 

ments on protein yield of close-growl 

tobacco . 

Tob in :., 1981, 183-16, p . 40.3 . 

Tob. Sci., 1981, XX\', p . 63-6 . 

Extractable protein yield of NC PY-l0, 

LAFC 53 . Speight G2f, and SC 58 tobacco 

tAiconana iabacum L3, planted as close . 

grown ., was compared by utilizing four 

harvest treatments : (A) haiest during the 

button stage, (B i harvest of ratoon regrowth 

following cutting and discarding of the 

mature tobacco, (C) harvest of mature to, 

bacco . and (D) han'est of three successive 

mid-growth crops by utilizing raiooning . 

Results show no significant differences 

among the tobacco culticars tested . Treatment 

D with three successive mid-growth 

Can ests. produced a significantly greater 

amount of extractable protein/ha than the 

other harvest treatments tested . 

Aulhors' Summary . 

TECHNOLOGY-INDUSTR Y 

proteinees montre que les taus de fibres 

en detergent acide et neutre, la cellulose 

et l'hemicellulose. sons comparables pour 

Its die culticars . On note une grande va 

riation de teneur en lignine entre Its tabacs 

noirs. En general, Its burley contiennent 

moins d'amidon et de proteines insolubles 

clans lours residus fibreux que 

Its tabacs noirs. Les presents resultats donnent 

a penser que Ia selection de genotypes 

de tabac est tmponante pour Is culture 

dense du tabac dens It but de produire 

des proteins pour I'alimentation humaine 

et des residus fibreux pour ]'alimentation 

animale . 

3785 WooDL1EF W .G ., CHAPLIN I .F ., CAMPBELL 

C .R. & al . 

(En anglais) influence de In varlett 

et des treaements de recolte we It 

rendement en proteines du tabac en 

culture dense . 

Tob . inr ., 1981, 183-10 . p. 40 .3 . 

Tob. Sci., 1981, XX\', p . 83-t . 

Le rendement en proteines extractibles des 

tabacs NC PYd0, LAFC 53, Speight G28 et 

SC 58, en culture dense, a ete compare en 

fonctiun de quatre modes de recolte : L 

recolte au stade bouton ; 2) recohe des 

regains apres coupe et retrait du tabac 

mur ; 3) recolte du tabac mur ; 4) recolte 

de trois demi-recolies successices en utili' 

sans la repousse . Les resultats ne montrent 

pas de differences sensibles entre )es n 

de tabac testes . Le traitement 4, a trots 

demi-repousses, donne un rendement en 

proteines extractibles/ha sensiblement plus 

eleye que Its autres traitements testes . 


TECHNOLOGY fNDUSTRY TECHNOLOGIE-INDUSTRIELLE 

See also : 3623. 3715 fair ausst : 3623 . 371 5 

and ntie ref . : 3975-3939 e : re ; . signal : 3975-395 9 

BoxtRS \CP .L 378E BoocERS K .P . L 

Leaf stretching method and device . 

70% Rr:, 19c1 )O8-ii p 82 

(En anglaisl Methode et apparel] pour 

etaler Its feuilles de tabac . 

Tob Rr:r 1981 10aIi p E- 

L 5 Pa c-n:: 416°2^' :cned to .Arena Bre,ei IS n' 4169_20_ a : tricve a Amen .-r 

E',-' lob : . : ` i, d'nus :: . a^ oc.-. Chaeu< ) iru :, l ed or .t de tabs: es : deooxr _ 

., u- surpur: essenbeaemer : Pma: e : exi en s . 

hr Ica: 0: b', den' routes le, d ;re:-eons un e 


162 

2347791

the side remote from she carrier and subsequently 

adequate tensile force is exerted 

around the leaf in a plane of the carrier 

in order to stretch the leaf by friction . 

washout the risk of damage to the leaf, 

since only the friction between the leaf 

and the carrier is responsible for the stretching 

effect . 

3787 CAFFOZ R ., 3USToN C ., BOLTRON C . 

TECNOLOGIE INDUSTRIELL E 

Spreading out tobacco leaves . 

Tob. Rptr, 1981, 108-9, p. 64 . 

L 

a 

G .S. Patent n' 4152334 assigned to Service 

d'Exploitation des Tabacs.et Allumettes . The 

method consists in placing each leaf on 

a support generally in the form of a de. 

formable dihedron, the central vein of the 

leaf extending on the edge of said dihedron ; 

causing a flux of fluid to flow on either 

s:de of the edge. so that gravity conducts 

this fluid along the lines of greatest slope 'I 

of said laces ; then deforming said sup 

Pori so as to return the spread out leaf 

to a flat position . 

378E CARTWRIGHT W .F .. BL00MFIEED A .C ., 

Hicci,s D .B. & at . 

Filter cigar . 

Tob Rp,r, 1981, 10&6, p . 72 . 

U.S Patent 4243,053 assigned to Gul f 

V esters Co . Presents a filter cigar having 

outer lavers of cigar wrapper and binder 

material each spirally wrapped about a 

preformed cigar filter and tobacco filler 

charge A reinforcement strip including 

lavers of high wet strength reinforcing tape 

and bonded to the binder is circumferential . 

h wrapped over the interface between the 

filter and the filler charge . 

3789 DE CLARA M 

Novel cigarette process and product 

produced therefrom. 

CS Paten: n' 4 .236 .533, 1980. 5 p . 

Bs treating tobacco with an active agent 

mixture comprised of auric oxide. silver 

nitrate or sulfate platinum tetrachloride 

and cerium. Ill, salts selected from the 

group of carbonates sulfates and nitrates 

n is possible to reduce a substantial per 

centacr of pokcn d¢ aromatic hydrocarbuns 

etco : :ne and rats condensate in the 

tobacco smoke For example comparisor 

of treat ec s untreated German blend tc. 

bacco resulted in the follownnc percent re 


162 

Sion s'exerce sur Is feuille du cote oppose 

au support ; une force d'etiremeni adequate 

est alors exercee sur la feuille pour 

I'etaler, par 1'entremise du support . sans 

risque d'endomma fer celleci, car settle la 

friction entre feuille et support esi responsable 

de faction d'etalement . 

3787 CAFFOz R ., 3usTOn C ., BouTRoi C . 

(En anglais) Dtspoaitlf et mtthode 

pour L'ftalement dea feullles de tabac . 

Tob. Rprr, 1981, 101 p . 64 . 

Brevet US n' 4 .252.134 attribue au SEITA 

La methode consiste a placer chaque feetille 

sur un support generalement en forme de 

diedre deformable, la cote mediane de la 

feuille suivant l'arete du dit diedre, a faire 

s'ecouler un fluide de chaque cote de ceite 

arete. de sorte que Ia pesanteur l'entraine 

le long des lignes de plus grande Dente des 

deux cotes, puts a deformer le dit support . 

de maniere a ramener la feuille etalee en 

position plane . 

378E CARTWRIGHT W .F ., BLOOMFIEID 

HIGGIls D .B. & al . 

(En anglais) Cigars a tlitre . 

Tab Rprr, 1981, 108fi, p . 72 . 

Brevet US 4 .243,053 attribue a Golf + Western 

Co. On presente un cigare a filtre 

dont Its couches exterieures, cape et sous . 

cape, soot enroulees en spirale autour dun 

filtre pre-forme et dune charge de tabac 

de remplissage . Une bande de renlorcement . 

comportant des couches tres resistantes a 

I'humidne, est lice a la sous-cape et enveloppe 

]'interface tabac-filtre . 

3789 De CLARA M 

(En anglais) Nouveau procede de traitement 

du tabac a cigarettes . 

115 Paten : n' 4236 .533, 1980, 5 p 

Le traitemen; du tabac a cigarettes aver 

un melange actif compose d ox' de aurique 

de nitrate ou sulfate d argent . de tetra :hiocure 

de piatine e: de sets de cerium shot . 

sts dans le troupe des carbonates sulfate' 

et nitrates perme: de reduuc substantial . : 

meat les taut d'hvdrucarbures aromaticue, 

poll et c:iques de ricottas, et de condensa : 

bru: dares la fumee de tactic Par exempt 

la corntiaraison dun melange de tabac 

lemand t-.ait, uu non trait, fa .i appara i 

2347792

duction in smoke component concentration : 

raw condensate - 15 .7 % ; benzo(a)pyrene 

- 15 .8 % ; and nicotine - 23.3 °'e . 

3790 DE 1.A BuRDE RZ . . AUMENT P .E . 

Method for uniform incorporation of 

additives Into tobacco . 

US Parent n' 4 .243 .056, 1981, 6 p . 

The method comprises dispersing the ad . 

-ditive in liquid carbon dioxide (CO,) . con . 

tacting tobacco with the resultant liquid 

CO: solution, convening liquid CO, absorb. 

ed during the sersond step to solid CO :, 

and altoyring the solid CO, to evaporate . 

ExpansioT~ of the tobacco is simultaneously 

accomplished when the solid CO: is rapid . 

1% vaporized . Tobacc6 thus impregnated 

with benzaldehyde, menthol, and methyl 

sal)cvlate as flavoring agents resulted in 

cigarettes which had the flavor of chern, 

menthol, and wintergreen, respectively . 

3791 Emsos R .G . 

Menthol filter for cigarettes . 

US Patent n' 4227 .540, 1980, 4 P 

A menthol filter for cigarettes is described 

as a cgbndrically shaped menthol cartridge, 

adapted to be placed within the hollow 

both portion of an elongated . two-piece 

cigarette holder. The cylindrically shaped 

cartridge is packed with menthol crystals 

and includes vented end walls through 

which smoke from the burning tobacco 

ma' pass before flowing to the smoker . 


3792 NORMAN V ., MOORE H . 

Decreasing the burn rate of smoking 

tobaccos . 

US Parent n' 4 .183 .362 . 1980. 6 p . 

The burn rate of tobacco is decreased . 

vithou : impairing its smoking quality, by 

the application of small amounts of certair, 

salts preferable hydrated magnesium 

chloride Upon heating the salts exhibit 

a numbfr of endothermic reactions at su ; 

cesveele increasing temperatures in the 

range trom about 100`C to 500'C. In ad 

dnion the presence of small amounts of 

an alkaline material such as calcium ht . 

droxtde is desired to counteract marginal 

changes in the te!ds of some smoke components 

anc to increase smoke p H 

Authors' Suvur :a . 



164 

ire les reductions suivantes dans le pre. 

mier cas : condensat brut - 15 .7 % ; benzo- 

(a)pyrene - 15,8 % ; nicotine - 23,3 â . 

3790 DE Lt BURDE RI ., AUMENT P.E . 

(En anglais) Methode d'hscorporation 

uniforme des additifs au ubac . 

US Patent n 4243 .056, 1981, 6 p . 

La meLhode decrite comporte Is dispersion 

de l'additif dens du CO, liquide, Is mise 

en contact du tabac avec Its dice solution . 

Is conversion du CO, liquide absorbe pale 

tabac en CO, solide, et enfin l'erapora . 

lion de cc dernier . Cette vaporisation ra . 

pide provoque simultanement 1'expansion 

du tabac . Celui-ci, impregne de la sone 

de benzaldehvde, de menthol et de salicylate 

de meihvle, comme agents aromatiques, 

a permis de fabriquer des cigarettes 

avant respectivemeni le gout de cerise, 

menthol ci wintergreen A . 

3791 EDIsON R .G . 

(En angleis) Filtre menthole pour c4 

garettes . 

L'S Patent n' 4227 .540, 1980, 4 p . 

On decrii on filtre menthole pour cigarettes 

avant la forme dune cartouche de 

menthol ei con9u pour s'inserer dans la 

partie creuse dun rte-cigarettes allon. 

ge, en deux parties. La cartouche cylindrique 

est garnie de cristaux de menthol et 

comporte des extremites ventilees par ou 

passe la fumee de la cigarette, avant d'arriver 

au fumeur . 

Exir. resume d'aureur . 

3792 NORMAN C ., MOORE H . 

(En angla)s) Reduction de Is vitesse 

de combustion des tabacs A turner . 

US Paten : n` 4 .183362, 1980, 6 p . 

On diminue la vuesse de combustion du 

tabac . sans nuire a ses qualites de fumage. 

en lui appliquant de pemes quantites 

de certain, sels . et de preference du chlorure 

de magnesium hydrate . Lors du chauf. 

fage les sell presentee ; on certain nombre 

de reactions endothermiques . dans )a plage 

de temperatures comprises en :re 100 e!500' . 

It est souhaitable d e aiou :er dc Petite, 

quantites de matenau alcahn lei qu'he - 

drate de calcium pour con :re'balance : lee 

modifications mmeures de rendemen' er . 

certains composams de la tumee e : aue . 

menter le pH de celle-c : 


2347793

3793 RAtNER N .B., Witsp: PA . 

Prows for dncorporating flavorant 

into cellulosic substrates and produc . 

ed thereby . 

US Parent n 4 .184 .495, 1980, 4 p . 

The process consists in impregnating a do 

cellulosic substrate, such as tobacco, wood, 

paper, regenerated cellulose film or fiber, 

cotton or cardboard . with an essentially 

anhydrous ammonia solution of a volatile 

flavorani such as methyl salicylate, cinnamaldehyde, 

and menthol, and then sub 

iecting the ynpregnated substrate to conditions 

of temperature and pressure suf. 

ficient to effect evaporation of essentially 

all the impregnated solvent . As an example, 

the process for incorporating methyl sabcylate 

in cigarette tipping paper is described 

After several months of exposure to 

air at 20'C and 60 % relative humidity, the 

paper still retained about 0 .8 % methyl 

salicvlate The treated paper was utilized 

for the production of cigarettes . Be moistening 

the treated tipping paper during smoking, 

a yen satisfacton_ odor of methyl salirelate 

was produced . 

3794 SAMFIELD M . 

Front Authors' Summary. 

Improving cigarette yields with ex 

panded tobacco . 

Tab. J. int ., 1981, 5, p . 38891 , 

TECHNOLOGIE-AGRJCOLE 

3793 RAINER N .B ., WILSON P .A . 

Various patents for decreasing the density O n de :rit divers brevets permettant de di- 

of tobacco leaf are described In general. mi nuer 

Its densite de la feuille de tabac 

these processes require the use of a high - Le s procedes en usage font generalement 

h volatile liquid into which the tobacco ap pel 

a des liquides iris volatils. dans 

leaf is immersed This is followed b% sub- les quels 

le tabac esi immerge . Le melanectmg 

the tobacco-liquid mixture to a ge tabacliouide es: ensuite soumis a un 

zone of high temperature Such processes traitement thermique a haute temperature 

have been in commercial use since 1973 and De tels procedes sour employes industriel- 

hale resulted in a decreased demand for lement depuis 1973 it ils on : permis de 

tobacco leaf , i.e the number of cigarettes reduire la demande en tabac matiere pre- 

which mat be produced from a given weight miere, c'est-a-dire de produire un plus grand 

of tobacco has been marked], increased nombre de cigarettes pour un mime prods 

The cigarette yield is dependent upon the de tabac . Le rendemeni en cieareites de - 

degree of expansion Of the tobacco and the vend du decre d'expansion e : du nourcen- 

percemaee of expanded tobacco used in tase de taba : expanse u :;ltse can- is me- 

the blend A number of patents hale also lange On e, ooue egaiement le, nomhreux 

been issued on the expansion Of tobacco 

brevets dexpansion du tabs : par hoe` : : . 

Iii,-ouch freeze-drains but to the writer s sat ion Afars a la ronnaissance de 1 auteur 

knowledge there is no commerc :al process tl n exists na de procede induc:ne: fa'- 

in opera ; ion using freeze-drying to expanc san : apps: a eux ce type de procede e :an : 

tobacco This k :nd of operatwn has beer ceneraiemerl reiete comme troy couteu x 

genera's, re need as beat too expensi,, 


3794 

(En anglais) Prockdf d'lncorporatlon 

d'un ar6me dana du substnts celluloaiques 

at daps his produ us fabriques 

avec ceuxcl . 

US Patent n 4 .184 .495. 1980, 4 p . 

Le procede consiste 8 impregner un substrat 

cellulosique sec, tel que tabac, bois . pa . 

pier, pellicule ou fibre cellulosique regeneree. 

coton ou canon, avec une solution 

ammoniacale paniquement anhydre d'un 

ar6me volatil tel que sali¢late de methyle, 

cinnamaldehyde ou menthol, puts a 

soumettre le substrat imprdgne a des con 

ditions thermiques ei de pression suffisantes 

pour evaporer pratiquement tout 

It soh-ant d'impregnation. On decrit, a titre 

d'exemple, le procede d'incorporation de 

salicylate de methyl dans du papier de 

bout pour cigarettes . Apres plusieurs moil 

d'exposition a I'air a 20' et 65 to d'humidite 

relative. le papier traits retient enviro n 

'0.8 '%c de la substance incorporee . Cc papier 

est utilise dans la fabrication des cigarettes 

Son humidification au cours du 

fumage degage une odeur satisfaisante de 

salicvlate de methyle . 

SAMFIELD M 

D'apres resume d'auzeurs . 

(En anglais) Amelioration des rendements 

an cigarettes grice au tabac 

expanse . 

Tab. J. in : . . 1961 . 5, p. 38891 . 

,2347794

3795 Simon E . 

Selfe:tlnLWibiag Cigarettes . 

US Parent n` 4130 .131 . 1980, 6 p . 

Boric acid and benzenephosphonic acid are 

preferably used within a range of 2.5 t o 

5 weight percent based on the weight 

of tobacco . Of the methods of incorporation 

disclosed. that of immersion of the as . 

sembled cigarettes into aqueous solutions 

of the additives for controlled periods of 

time is preferred . Within a range of 3 e 1 .5 g 

boric acid, benzrnephosplibnc acid, and 

mixed Yoric acid-benezenephosphoric acid 

per 100 ml aqueous solution, an immersion 

time of I to 4 seconds (as an inverse 

function of additive concentration) provides 

an adequate range to meet the varying 

existing conditions of cigarette sizes and 

tobacco contents. Following this kind of 

treatment . a self-extinguishing time of I 

to 3 minutes can be expected . 

379c BIRCH P .R .J 


PHARMACOLOGY 

See also : 3629, 378 9 

and tide ref . : 3990 .4000 

Smoking and mortality In England 

and Wales, 1950 to 1976 . 

J. chron. Dis., 1981, 34-2/3, p . 87-103 . 

Bt studying secular trends in overall morn 

tahit . in relation to those of cigarette con 

sumption, problems connected with the 

incorrect certification of the cause of death 

are avoided percentage changes in sex . and 

age-specific death rates for all causes of 

death in Great Britain and Vales are 

calculated b' 3-tear periods. These changes 

in death rates are compared with cones 

ponc:ng trends in sex- and age specific 

constant tar and current cigarette consumption 

No obvious cause .and.effen relation 

can be discerned The main problem is to 

explain the fair), con si s ten ; decrease to 

death rates in both sexes and all age group' 

dun tic periods her cigarette consurnpnor. 

"as either failing or rising Bt considering 

the age-patte^,> of the ditierence in cca ;i' 


PHARMACOLOG Y 

lc ; 

3795 Slato% E . 

(En anglais) Cigarettes a autoextlnctlon. 

US Patent n° 4 .230 .131, 1980, 6 p . 

L'acide borique et I'acide benzene phospho 

nique soot utilises, de preference, 8 raison 

de 2555 9e par rapport au poids de tabac. 

Des diverses methodes d'incorporation 

presentees. Belle consistant a tremper Its 

cigarettes assemblees dens des solutions 

aqueuses d'additif pendant un temps de . 

terming est jugee preferable. Dans la gamme 

de 3 gg ¢ 15 d'acide borique . d'acide 

benzene phos honique, ou du melange des 

deux, pour 100 ml de solution aqueuse . un 

temps d'immersion de 1-4 secondes (font 

tion inverse de la conc. en additif) permet 

de reporting aux diverses conditions existantes 

de tailles de cigarettes ei de conc . 

en tabac . Suite a cc type de traitement . un 

temps d'autoextinction des cigarettes de 

1-3 minutes peui ere escompte . 

3796 BU'RCH P .R .J . 

Exr. resume d'aureur . 

PHARMACOLOGI E 

Voir aussi : 3629 . 3789 

er ref, signal . : 3900.4000 

(En anglais) Fumage at mortality en 

Angleterre et au Pays de Galles de 

1950 a 1976 . 

1 chron Dis . . 1981 . 342/3, p . 87 .103 . 

En etudiant Its tendances a long tense de 

la mortalite globale. en relation avec lee 

tendances daps la consommation de cigarettes 

. on erne Its problemes lies aux er 

reurs de diagnostics des certificate the daces. 

Les modifications de la mortalite par 

sexe et par age pour touter causes de 

deces en Grande-Bretaenc et ac Pats de 

Galles out eta calculeec par ranches de 

3 an, Ces modifications son ; compareeaux 

tendances corresponcames par sexe e : 

pa- age de la consommauoo d: scare ; :Os 

Aucunc relation evident t- de cause a ef :ei 

no pew tyre discernee Le prang .pa: pm 

bleme es; d exphouer la chute recu .iere detaux 

de mortabte che? lee de-j\ se,,, c : 

Bans you- Its crounes date a des epoqueou 

,a co:rsomrnanor di cigarettes a et: 

2347795 

7

tions of fresh infective sap treated with 

potassium phosphotungstate showed that 

the virus particles rarely had the length of 

300 nm ; more frequently they were shorter 

or longer. When before this treatment the 

infected leaves are kept some hours in a 

refrigerator, the particles are mostly disintegrated. 

In the infection phase . when 

long coiled fibres are present in the cells, 

the virus particles are often broken and 

consist of fragments of about 100 nm long . 

Moreover, the uItrastructure of intracellular 

inclusions is described and illustrated . In 

the late Fix of infection . it was not possible 

to fix properly various forms of cytoplasmic 

and intranuclear inclusions . Al . 

though the Ka strain is defective, it can 

retain its infectivity in dried leaves for 

many years . 

Front Authors' Summary . 

3359 MILLSAP D .S ., MCLAUGHLIN M .R ., HAD- 

DEN C .H . & al . 

Virus disuses of burley tobacco in 

Tennessee . 

Phvropathology, 1981, 71-8, p . 895, abstr . 

From July through September 1980, leaves 

collected from ten diseased plant in each 

of 34 counties were ground in 0 .1 Al iris - 

HCI buffer, pH 9.0, with a mortar and 

pestle and sap was tested by agarose gel 

double diffusion with antisera prepared to 

alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) . tobacco etch 

virus (TE\'1, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), 

tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), tobacco 

vein motdin~ virus (TVMV) and potato 

Virus 1' (Pk17) The most prevalent viruses 

detected were TVMV, TEV and TRSV found 

in 25, 23 and 19 counties, respectively . Potato 

virus Y was identified in six counties 

and TMV and AMV in one count' each . 

Double infections of TRSV with TVMV . 

TRS\' wiih TEV, and TVMV with TEV were 

also detected . Two TVMV isolates from 

Tennessee were serological1v distinct from 

North Carolina isolate (TVMV-NC 148) . ob . 

tamed from GOOoiNc, Raleigh . NC . 

33b0 Pst vot S 

(In Bulgarian) Comparative evaluation 

of the colorlmetric and the serological 

methods for the assessment of viral 

content . 

Res;en Vauk . 1960 177 . p 10912 . 

The viral content of tobacco plants (Alco . 

mare m'bannn at Samsun) interred bt 


VIROLOG Y 

168 

microscope electronique de jus de presse 

infectieux, traite au phosphotungstate de 

potassium. montrent que les panicules virales 

mesurent rarement 300 rim . depassani 

le plus souvent ou tenant en deca de cette 

longueur. Lorqu'avant traitement Its feuil' 

Its infectees sont gardees quelques heures 

au refrigerateur, Its particules se trouyent 

pour )a plupart desinttgrees . Durant la phase 

d'infection, quand de longues fibres enroulees 

sont presences dans la cellule, les 

panicules virales se trouvent souvem bri . 

sees et constitutes de fragments d'environ 

100 nm de long . L'ultrastructure de ces inclusions 

se trouve decrite et illustree . Dans 

la derniere phase de 1'infection, it nest 

pas possible de bien fixer Its diverses for 

mes d'inclusions cytoplasmiques et intra . 

nucleaires. Bien que la souche Ka soft defectueuse. 

elle peut retenir son infectivity 

clans Its feuilles sechees pendant de nom 

breuses annees . 

Ext, resume d'auteurs . 

3359 MtLLSAP D .S . . McLAUGHLIN M .R . . HAD- 

DEN C .H . & al . 

(En anglais) Lei viroses du tabac 

burley dans It Tennessee . 

Phyioparhology, 1981, 71 .8 . p . 895 . abstr . 

De Juillet a Septembre 1980, on a collecte 

Its feuilles de dix plantes virosees clans 

chacun des 34 comics or I'Etat . Elles ont 

etc brovees dans un tampon tris-HCI 0 .1 Al . 

H 9, a ]'aide dun mortier ei dun piton 

Pe ius de presse a etc examine par double 

diffusion dans un gel d'agarose avec des 

antiserums vis-a-vis de AMV, TE\' . TM's' . 

TRSV, TVMV ei PVY . Les virus predomlnants 

ont etc TVMV, TEV et TRSV . trouyes 

respectivement clans 25, 23 et 19 comtes . 

PVY a etc detecte dans 6 comics et TMV 

et AMV dans un comic chacun . Des infer 

tions doubles ont egalement ere obsenees 

TRSV avec TVM\ . TRSV avec TEN' ei 

TVMV avec TEN . Deux isolats de T\'M\' 

du Tennessee se sont reveles serologique . 

ment distincis de I'isolat de Caroline du 

Nord . le TVMV-NC 148, fourni par Goooicc 

de Raleigh . 

3360 PACNO\ S 

(En bulgarep Evaluation comparative 

des methodes colorimetrique et serologique 

pour determiner la teneur en 

virus . 

Raster A'arik .. 1980 17 7, p. 109 12 

La teneur en virus des planies de tabac 

.1'tconm ;c :abacom ear . Samsun infectee s 

2347996

TMV was established by the colorimetric 

and the serological methods . The comparison 

of the two methods demonstrated that 

the results obtained show the same trend . 

The estimation of the viral concentration 

by the colorimetric method was more exact 

than that by the serological method . With 

the aid of the colorimetric method even 

small differences in viral concentrations can 

be detected, while with the serological method 

the viral concentration is assessed only 

in stages. On the other hand, the serological 

method permits a faster tentative deter 

mination of the effect of substances on 

viral multiplication . 

From Author's English Summary . 

3361 Piexpoixr W,S„ RoatrsoN N .P., LEASON 

M .B . 

The pathogenesls-related proteins of 

tobacco : their Induction by viruses 

in intact plants and their Induction 

by chemicals in detached leaves . 

Phvsioi. Plant Paihol ., 1981, 19-1, p . 85- 

97 , 

Many of the proteins in extracts of uninfected 

leaves of Xanthi-nc . tobacco that can be 

resolved by electrophoresis, are removed or 

diminished by digestion with proteolvtic 

enzymes. At least 10 of the proteins of tobacco 

mosaic virus-infected leaves, including 

the 4 recognized as pathogenesis-related 

~PRI proteins are comparatively resistant to 

digestion . By using this resistance, the two 

major PR proteins of infected leaves can 

be semi-quantitatively assayed, and the cour 

se of their synthesis followed . They appear 

in uninoculated leaves of infected plants 

about 4 days after their appearance in in 

oculated leaves, and their accumulation differs 

from that of trvpsin inhibitors, which 

virus inoculation also induces . Detached 

leaves of uninfected plants, like intact 

plants, produce PR proteins when treated 

with acetyl salicylic acid . and with mannitol 

They also produce PR proteins when 

treated with low-molecular weight com . 

pounds extracted from both healthy and in . 

fected tobacco leaves . These extracts are 

toxic to leaves. and this synthesis is likely 

to be a response to stress rather than to 

a specific ound-hornione .. The propor 

eons in which the proteins are synthesized 

however differ from that to which they 

are produced b% manmtol-induced stress . 



VIROLOGI E 

1e9 

par TMV a etc determinee par calorimetric 

et serologic . La comparaison des deux me . 

thodes fait apparaitre que lours resultats 

vont dans le memo Sens. La methode cola 

rimetrique est plus precise que Is methode 

serologique . A 1'aide de Is premiere, on 

peut detecter les differences mime minimes 

de concentration virile, tandis qu'avec 

Is seconde, Is concentration nest determi . 

nee que par paliers . En revanche, la methode 

serologique ppeermit de determiner plus 

rapidement 1'influencc de diverses substan . 

ces sur la multiplication virale . 

Dares resume anglais d'aweur, 

3361 PIERPJINT W.S ., ROat,so, N .P ., LEASON 

M .B . 

(En anglais) Las proteines hoes a )a 

pathogenese chez Is tabac : lour for 

trtation du fail des virus dens les 

planter Intactes at per des produits 

chlmiques clans les feuilles detachees . 

Phvsiol. Plan ; Pmhol ., 1981, 19-1, P . 85- 

97 . 

Nombre de proteines des extraits de feuilles 

non infectees de Xanthi-nc ., identifiables par 

electrophorese, sont eltmtnees ou reduites 

par digestion a l'aide d'enzymes proteolytiques. 

Dix au mains des proteines de feuilles 

infectees par TM\', y compris les 4 re 

connues comme liees a la pathogenese (LP), 

sont comparativement resistantes a )a digestion 

. Grace a cette resistance . les deux prim 

cipales proteines LP des feuilles infectees 

peuvent titre determmees semi-quantitativemeet 

tout au long de lour synthese. Elles 

appara)ssent dans les feuilles non inoculees 

de plantes infectees quatre jours enymon 

sores lour apparition daps Its feuilles inoculees. 

et leur accumulation differe de celle 

des inhibiteurs de la tn psme . provoquee 

egalement par 1'inoculation wale . Les feuil 

les detachees de plantes non infectees . tout 

comme les plantes intactes, prodmsent Its 

proteines LP quand on les traite a l'acide 

acetyl sahcghque et au mannitol . Elles pro 

dutsent egalement des proteines LP quand 

on les traite aver des composes de fatble 

poids moleculaire, e s trans de feuilies sat 

net ainsi que de feuilles infectees Ces extraits 

sons toxiques pour les feuilles e : la 

synthese proteique qu'OS provoquen : ex ; 

sans douse one reaction au stress olu :o : 

qua une hormone de blessure spec,fl . 

que Cependant les proportions be sx nthe' 

se de ces prmemes different de celles ohserxees 

furs dun stress prox oque par Ie 

manm tol 

Rest n.e daureu' s 

2347997

3362 PossoN A ., VON WEcHSUR M .B . 

Novel way to transmit plant viruses . 

J. gen. Vtrol., 1980, 51 .1, p . 179-91 . 

In a previous communication Poison reported 

that tobacco mosaic virus particles could 

be extracted from an infected tobacco leaf 

by establishing a potential gradient of approx. 

3 Vlcm parallel to the midrib of the 

leaf, the tip of which had been cut off . 

Electraextraction was done for 24 hours 

into 10 mM-borate buffer, pH 8.6. As virus 

particles could be extracted from the tis . 

sue of plants using an electrical potential 

gradient it appeared logical that the process 

could be reversed and that virus particles 

could be caused to migrate into the leaf 

tissue and give rise to an infection . Plants 

were infected with viruses by electro ndosmosis 

. 


3363 QUINTERO S .. SANTIESTEBAN J . 

Tobacco leaf curl virus. 

Cubarabaco, 1981 . 2.1, p . 57-64 . 

A severe syndrome in several tobacco producing 

Cuban provinces was observed as 

from 1975. Plants showed foliar curling, 

parenchymatosis and distortion . as well as 

stunting Disease could not be transmitted 

by mechanical means but by grafting . Some 

tobacco (Cnollo, Criollo Especial, Cabaiguan 

72) and Darura varieties showed the most 

severe symptoms . A sap extract from diseased 

and healthy plants was filtrated 

through Sephadex G .200, and then ultracentrifugated. 

Precipitate was resuspended 

and observed through the electronic microscope. 

The spherical particles observed in the 

diseased. but not the healthy plants was 

34 .12 c 3 .1 nm in diameter. Control of this 

disease consists in eliminating its vectors 

I Aleurodrdaei and using resistant varieties 

such as Kv .52 . 

3364 ROBERTS P .L ., WOOD K .R . 

Decrease In ribosome levels in tobac . 

co infected with a chlorotic strain 

of cucumber mosaic virus . 

Ph 'S'01 Plant Parhol .. 1981 . 19.1 . P . 99 . 

Il l 

Although infection of tobacco Icy Ranthi . 

nc i with the P6 strain of cucumber mosaic 


VIROLOG Y 

170 

3362 Poa_soN A ., VON WECHMAR M .B . 

(En anglais) Une nouvelle manure 

de tranamettre Its virus vegduux. 

J. gen. Vu-of ., 1980, 51 .1 . p . 179-81 . 

Dens une precedente communication . Poison 

a rapporte qu'il etait possible d'extraire les 

particules virales de TMV dune feuille in 

tectee en etablissant un gradient de poten . 

tie] electrique d'environ 3 V/cm parallelement 

A Is cote mediane de la feuille, 1'ex . 

tremite de celleci ayant tie coupee . L'elec 

tro-extraction a ete effectuee pendant 24 h 

clans mn tampon de borate 10 mM . a pH 8,6 . 

L'extraction etant possible en utilisant un 

gradient de potentiel electrique, it a pare 

logique d'envisager l'inverse, c'est-a-dire la 

possibilite de faire ainsi migrer Ic virus 

dans le tissu foliaire et de donner naissance 

a une infection . Des plantes ont ete 

infectees par divers virus grace a cc procede 

d'electroendosmose . 

Exrr. resume dauteurs . 

3363 QUINTERO S ., SANTIESTEBAN J . 

(En anglais) Le virus de Yenroulement 

loliaire . 

Cubarabaco, 1981, 2-1, p . 57-64 . 

On observe depuis 1975 un syndrome severe 

de virose dans plusieurs provinces tabacoles 

de Cuba. Les planets atteintes presen . 

tent un enroulement foliaire, de la parenchvmatose 

et des distortions, ainsi que du 

rabougnssement . La maladie ne peut titre 

transmise par voie mecamque . mats eile 

Pest par greffage . Certaines var. de tabac 

(Cnollo. Criollo Especial . Cabaiguan 72) et 

de Darura sp. presentent its plus severes 

symptomcs. Un extrait de seve de planter 

saines et malades a tie filtre sur Sephadex 

G-200. puis soumis a ultracentrifugation . Le 

prenpite a ete remis en suspension et observe 

au microscope electronique . Les par 

ticules spheriques observees dans Its plan . 

tes malades. mais non dans les plantes 

saines, ont un diametre de 34 .12 z 3 .1 nm 

La lutte contre cc virus consiste a eliminer 

son vecteur, les Aleurodes . ou a utiliser des 

var . resistantes . teller que K, 52 . 

3364 ROBERTS P .L .. Wood K R 

(En anglaisi Diminution des Nveaux 

de ribosomes dans It tabac iniecte 

par une souche chlorotique de CMV . 

Physic! Plan; Pathoi )981 . 19-I, p 99 . 

II I 

Bien que I infection du tactic n . Kanthi-nc 

par la souche Pc de CM\' provoque un e 

2347998

virus (CMV) causes a severe chlorosis in 

contrast to the mild symptoms induced by 

the W strain . the time course and extent of 

accumulation of infectivity was essentially 

similar for both strains. Infection by CMV. 

Pb but not by CMV-W, caused a more rapid 

decrease in cytoplasmic and chloroplast ribosome 

concentrations than that which normally 

occurred in the expanding leaves of 

healthy tobacco plants . The decrease was 

most pronounced in systemically infected 

leaves . which showed severe symptoms, and 

was first detected at about the time symptoms 

became evident. The rapid decrease 

in DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity 

measured in isolated chloroplasts, which 

was found as leaves expanded, may explain 

the decrease in chloroplast ribosome concentration 

occurring in the expanding leaves 

of healthy plants . However. this enzyme 

seems unlikely to be involved in enhanced 

ribosome loss or symptom formation following 

infection, since infection by CMV . 

Pe did not induce a significant change in 

activity . Degradative activity due to protease 

and ribonuclease increased slightly after 

infection with CMV .W . but did not change 

after infection with CMV-P6 ; increases in 

degradative enzymes do not, therefore, appear 

to be involved in symptom expression 


3365 SHCHETININ T .V., Kismo Y .G . 

(In Ukrainian) Contents of histories 

and dry matter in epidermis nuclei 

of Nicotlana rustic L . leaves affect . 

ed by tobacco mosaic virus and potato 

virus X . 

Mikrobiol. Zh ., 1980, 42 .6, p . 755-60 . 

While reproducing tobacco mosaic virus 

(TM\') and potato virus X (PVX) . the 

epidermis cells of isolated N . rustica leaves 

are found to have two peaks of changes 

in histone content and dry substance concentration 

in nuclei. It is shown that the 

general characterization of the cure of 

do substance changes does not depend on 

a TM\' infecting dose (2 .5-20 mg/ml) . These 

data testify indirectly to the reduction of 

the period of virus-induced on substance 

accumulation in plant cells with a higher 

virus content in moculum . An assumption 

is made that the second peak of histone 

content chances is connected with inhibition 

of cell genome functioning by the virus . 

From Authors' Eoghsh Summary 


VIROIAGIE 

f 

171 

severe chlorose par comparison avec les 

symptomes legers dus a Is souche W, le 

deroulement de 1'infection et son accumu . 

lation sont essentiellement semblables pour 

les deux souches . L'infection par CMV-P6, 

mais non celle par CMV.W, provoque tine 

diminution plus rapide des conc . en ribosomes 

cytoplasmiques et chioroplastiques que 

cello se produiseent normalement clans les 

leuilles de plantes mines tors de leur de . 

veloppement. Cette diminution est particulierement 

prononcee dens les feuilles a in . 

fection systemique, presentent des syrup 

tomes severes, et on commence a la detecter 

a peu pros au moment oo ceux-ci ap 

paraissent. La diminution rapide de I'ac . 

tivitE RNA polymerase dbpendante du DNA, 

mesuree Bans les chloropiastes isoles au 

moment oo Is feuille se developpe, peut ex . 

pliquer Is diminution de la conc . en ribosomes 

chloroplastiques qui se produit dans 

les feuilles de plantes saines fors de leur 

developpement. Cependant, cette enzyme ne 

parait pas titre impliquee clans Is pene renforcee 

de ribosomes ou dans l'apparition 

des symptomes qui suit l'infection, car Fin . 

fection par CMV-P6 ne modifie pas signifi . 

cativement cette activity . L'activite de degradation 

due aux proteases et ribonucleases 

augmente legerement apres infection par 

CMV-W, mais ne se modifie pas apres in . 

fection par CMV-P6 ; ]'augmentation de cesenzymes 

n'apparait dons pas impliquee dans 

]expression des symptomes . 


3365 SHCHETINuN T .V., Ktsxxo Y .G . 

(En ukrainien) Teneura en hlitones 

et en matlere seche des noysux de 

l'eplderme de feuliles de Nicotiana 

rustic Infecttea par TMV et PVX . 

Mikrobioi. Zh., 1980, 42-6, p . 755-60 . 

Lors de )a reproduction de TMV et PVX, 

les cellules epidermiques de feuilles isolees 

de N. rusnca presentent deux pits de modification 

des teneurs en histone et en M .S . 

au niveau de leurs novaux . On montre que 

)a courbe des changements de teneurs en 

M .S . est independante de la dose infectieuse 

de TMV (2 .5-20 mgtmil Ces donnees to 

moignent indirectement du raccournssement 

de la penode d accumulation de M .S due 

au virus, dans les cellules a plus forte 

teneur en inoculum vira! On emet ;hypothese 

dune relation possible entre le second 

pic de la teneur en histone ei Iinhi - 

bition par le virus du fonctionnement du 

genome de )a cellul e 

D'apres resume anglais d'auteur s 

234-999 

I

3366 STEVENS W .A. . SPCRaON C ., ONYON L .3 . 

& al . 

Effect of inhibitors of protein synthesis 

from plants on tobacco mosaic 

virus infection. 

Experientia . 1981, 373 . p . 257-9 . 

Ricin, abrin, modeccin, gelonin and Momordica 

charanua inhibitor, as well as crude 

extracts of Brvoma dioica seeds and o f 

Dianthus carvophvllus leaves, each inhibit 

protein synthesis in a rabbit reticulocvte 

),sate and reduce local lesion production 

by tobacco mosaic virus, thus resembling 

the effects of the pokeweed antiviral peptide 

. 


3367 TAKANAMI Y . 

Striking change in symptoms on cucumber 

mosaic virus-Infected tobacco 

plants induced by a satellite RNA . 

Virology . 1981, 1091, p . 120-6 . 

The small RNA from cucumber mosaic virus 

(CMV1 the author had formerly referred to 

as RNA 5 was shown to have a satellite 

nature similar to CARNA 5 and Sat-RNA . 

This satellite RNA has a great deal in 

common with CARNA 5 and Sat-RNA in 

many respects, except that its replication 

causes a striking change in symptoms on 

tobacco and some species of A'icotiana 

infected with CMV . Large amounts of sate) 

lite RNA were found in RNAs of naturally 

occurring CMV isolates which induced a 

unique brillant yellow symptom on tobacco 

When purified satellite RNA was inoculated 

onto tobacco after being mixed with CMV 

isolates which contained no satellite RNA 

and which normally produced ordinan' 

green mosaic symptoms . all of the infected 

tobacco developed the brilliant yellow symptom 

alone with some symptom attenuation 

\lrions isolated from those plants contain 

ed much satellite RNA . CM\' could be freed 

from satellite RNA by local lesion transfer 

and selection. Satellite RNA had substantial 

stabilm t tiro and m rrtro . 

Front Authors Surnmar, 

VIROLOG Y 

I 

3366 STEVENS W .A ., SPCRWN C ., ONVoc U . 

& al . 

(En anglais) Influence des Inhlbltcurs 

de Is synthese prottique d'orlgine vt 

Settle stir ]'infection par TMV . 

Experiemia, 1981, 37.3. p. 2579 . 

La ricine . I'abrine, Is modeccine, Is gelonine 

et 1'inhibiteur tare de Momordica charanua, 

de mime que les extracts bruts des graines 

de Bryoma dioica et des feuilles de Dian 

thus carvophvllus, inhibent chacun la suit 

these proteique dans un lvsat de reticulocyte 

de lapin et reduiseni a production 

de lesions locales par TMV . En cela . les 

effets de ces substances rappellent ceux 

du peptide antiviral de Pirviolacca sp . 

Resume dmtteurs . 

3367 TAKANAMI Y . 

336E Tnotus 3 336E TNOMts J 

(En anglais) Modifications frappantes 

des symptomes de CMV sur plantes 

de tabac, du fait d'un RNA satellite . 

Virology, 1981, 1091, p . 120-6 . 

Le petit RNA de CMV - anterieurement 

destgne RNA 5 par I'auteur - parait avoir 

la mime nature satellite que CARNA 5 et 

Sat-RNA . auxquels it ressemble a bien des 

egards, a lexception toutefois des s%mptomes 

tres differents que sa multiplication 

provoque chez Niconana tobacum et d'am 

tres Aiconana . De grandes quantites de cc 

RNA satellite soot trouvees parmi les RNA 

disolais naturels de CMV produisant un 

svmptome unique. jaune brillant, sur le 

tabac. Lorsque cc RNA satellite purifie est 

inocule au tabac apres melange avec les 

isolats viraux ne le contenant pas et produisant 

normalement les svmptomes de 

mosaique verse ordinaire, routes les plantes 

infectees developpent It symptome jaune 

brillant, plus ou morns attenue . Les virions 

)soles de ces planter contiennent beaucoup 

de RNA satellite, Le CMV peui eve 

debarrasse du RNA satellite par transfer 

de lesion locale et selection . Le satellite a 

one bonne stabthte it rwo et m rtlro . 

Extr. resume d'au ;ern , 

Xanthi tobacco, a new local lesion 

host for Dollchos enation mosaic virus . 

tEn anelats~ Le tabac Xanthi . nou,e l 

hole a lesions locales de DE .M% . 

Ptn ;opathoi 1979, 32-0, p 61f- 

Ind:mr Pintopatho' . 1919 3 p 61F 

2 0 

2 0 

Earlier reports shot. ed that DEMV did not 

infra ; tobacco plants although is resembles 


172 

De precedents rapporu ont montre que 

DEM'\' Bien our ressemblan : a TMV a cr y 

2348000

TM\' in several properties. During a recent 

search for additional local lesion hosts for 

DEMV, mechanical inoculations were made 

on certain test plants with DEMV inoculum 

prepared in phosphate buffer and using 

celite as an abrasive . This is the first re . 

port on Niconana rabacum cv . Xanthi as 

a local lesion host for DEMV . 


3369 USHASRI V . . REDDY T .S .N ., NAGARAJAN 

K . 

Isolation and characterization of an 

Inhibitor to tobacco mosaic virus from 

Basella alba leaves . 

11th Na:, Sump. Tob .. Rajahmundrp, 

1981, p. 75, abstr . 

Aqueous extract of Basella alba leaves was 

found to contain inhibitor to tobacco mosaic 

virus (TM\') . It was found to be active be. 

tween pH 5 .0 to 8 .0 and even after shaking 

with chloroform . On dialysis it was observed 

to be a macro molecule . The inhibitor 

was partially purified by gel filtration on 

Sephadex G-50 followed by ammonium sulphate 

fractionation . The fraction collected 

between 70-100 4 saturation showed highest 

percentage inhibition of TMV . The inhibitor 

is tentatively identified as a glycoprotein 

containing about 20 °o carbohydrate and 

80 ° protein. Further purification and 

characterization are in progress . 

3370 VERMA H .N ., AwASTHI L .P . 

Occurrence of a highly antiviral agent 

in plants treated with Boerhuvia di f . 

fuss Inhibitor . 

VIROLOGIE 

tains egards, n'infecte pas les plantes de 

tabac. Au cours dune recherche recente 

sur les autres h6tes de DEMV a lesions 

locales, des inoculations mecaniques ant 

ate faites avec de l'inoculum du virus pre 

pare clans tin tampon phosphate et de Is 

celite comme abrasif . Le present tappon est 

It premier a presenter Nicoziana tabacum 

cv. Xanthi comme tin hate a lesions locales 

de DEMV . 

Estr. resume d'auteur. 

3369 U'5HASRI V ., REDUI' T .S .N ., NAGARAJAN 

K . 

(En anglaisl Isolement at caracterisatlon 

d'un Inhlblteur de TMV a partir 

des feuilles de Basells albs . 

11'th Na,. Sump. Tob., Rajahmundr>, 

1981, p. 75, abstr . 

On a observe dans 1'extrait aqueux de feuilles 

de B. alba Is presence dun inhibiteur 

de TMV . 11 est actif entre pH 5 et 8 at le 

reste meme apres agitation clans It chloroforme. 

La dyalise montre qu'il s'agit dune 

macromolecule. L'inhibiteur a ete partiellement 

purifie par filtration sur gel de 

Sephadex G-50 . suivie dun fractionnement 

par le sulfate dammonium. La fraction 

collectee enire 70 et 100 ei de saturation 

exerce Y inhibition la plus forte visa-vis du 

virus. A titre indtcatif. cette substance est 

identifiee comme une glycoproteine contenant 

20 4 d'hvdrate de Carbone et 80 40 

de proteine. Dautres travaux de purification 

et de caracterisation soot en tours . 

3370 VERMA H .N ., Aw'ASTHI L .P . 

(En anglais) Apparitlon d'un agent 

antiviral tries actlf dens les plantes 

traltees par 1'Inhibiteur tire de Boer. 

Can. J. Bat ., 1980, 58.20, p . 21414. haavla dllfusa . 

Can. 1. Bot ., 1980 . 58-20, p 21414 . 

A naturally occurring glycoprotein present - 

in Boerhaatto diifusa root extract (BD inhabnon 

causes plant cells to produce a 

htehl' acme anttetral agent I .AVAI that 

defends cell against infection by viruses . 

A\'A ,as present in inhibitor-treated plants 

ark but not in nontreated plants. and 

vas produced 248 hours after treatment 

,,in BD tnhtbuor .AV.A was effective not 

on:% in plant species in which it was produc . 

ed name)' here the basal leaves o .` .ico. 

ttmtc tabannr and A . Rhu : utosal. but in 

other plants species as well . Crude A\' A 

as efiecu'e both m vitro and it me 1r. 

'tiro it markedly reduced the mfecb vii' 


173, 

line glycoproteine presente a I'etat naturel 

clans les racines de B . diftusc linhibueur 

BD) . induct dans es cellules cegetales )a 

production dun agent antiviral tres anif 

IAAV I qui defend les cellules contre 1'infection 

'vale. Cei agent nest present que clans 

)es plantes traitees par I :nhfbtieur e: n a± 

paratt que 248 heures acres tra,iemeri pa . 

celut-ci. LAA\' est acuf non seulement chez 

les especes s egetales gut le produtsen: nn 

'les feutlles de base de tco:mno tabcct or: 

ei 1 p/antosa). macs eealement chez Ies 

autres especes . LAAV brut est actif it taro 

e: m no b) ru ro if redun ; sensibiement 

I infects rte des vrus et it rn» dimmu e 

2348001

I 

VIROLOG Y 

of viruses, and in vivo, the virus content in considerablement Its teneur en virus des 

AVA-treated leaves and leaf discs was con- feuilles et disques foliaires traites. L'MV 

siderably suppressed. The AVA showed the parait etre sane protline . 

characteristics of protein . 



3371 WESTSTE[JN EA . 

Lesion growth and virus localization 

In leaves of Nicoti.na tabacum cv . 

Xanthl-tic after Inoculation with tobacco 

mosaic virus and incubation alternately 

at 22'C and 32C. 

Physic!. Plant Pathot ., 1981, 18.3, p . 357- 

68 . 

Incubation at 32-C was used as a condition 

under which multiplication and spread of 

the virus are uninhibited by the plant 

incubation at 22-C for I day thereafter 

was necessary to visualize the spread of 

the virus at 32'C . Effect of different 

treatments on lesion size was compared 

in fully grown leaves of increasing age . 

Size of lesions formed at 22'C was leaf 

age dependent, as was size of lesions form . 

ed after incubation at 32-C followed by 

22'C. Infectivity of the virus from the latter 

lesions was proportional to lesion area . 

Increase in size of these lesions at 22'C 

was also leaf age dependent. The width 

of the zone of damaged cells around lesions 

formed at 22-C depended on the age of 

leaves and on the age of the lesions . Lesions 

formed at 22'C increased in size after 

incubation at 32-C followed by 22'C, and 

this increase depended on the age of the 

lesions. Furthermore. with older lesions, 

sectorial outgrowth occurred or lesions did 

not grow at all . For complete localization 

of the virus at least 12 days at 22-C were 

necessary . All effects mentioned here that 

were leaf or lesion age dependent were 

smaller with increasing leaf or lesion age . 

After interruption of the incubation at 

32'C by short periods at 22-C necroses only 

appeared if the interval at 22-C was longer 

than 5 to 6 hr ; the size of these necroses 

was larger with increasing time interval at 

221C 


3372 WHENHAM R .J . . FRASER R .S .S . 

Stimulation by abscisic acid of RNA 

synthesis in discs from healthy and 

tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco 

leaves . 

P)anta 1980. 150-5 p 359 .5 1 

Uptake of abscisic acid from the culture 

medium b)' discs of healthy and tobacco 

mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves was 


I74 

3371 WEStsttiT EA . 

(En aaglais) Croiwnce des lesions 

at localization du virus dana Its feullles 

de -Nlcotlsns tabacum cv . Xanthl. 

nc. spit inoculation par TMV et incubation 

wit a 22'. wit a 32` . 

Physiof . Plant Pathos . . 1981, 18 .3, p . 357- 

68 . 

L'incubation a 32' a eta utilisee comme 

condition dans laquelle Is multiplication et 

l'expansion du virus ne sont pas inhibees 

par Is plante ; 1'incubation ulterieure a 22' 

pendant I journee est necessaire pour visualiser 

)'extension du virus a 32' . L'influence 

des differents traaements sur Its taille des 

lesions a ate comparee dans des feuilles 

pleinement developpees, d'age croissant . La 

taille des lesions formees a 22' depend de 

Page de la feuille, de mime celle des lesions 

formees apres incubation a 32' puis 

22- . L'infectivite virale dans cc dernier cas 

est proportionnelle a la surface lesee. L'augmentation 

de taille des lesions a 22' est 

egalement fonction de Page de Is feuille . 

La largeur de la zone endommagee autour 

des lesions formees a 22' depend de Page de 

Is feuille et de I'anciennete de la lesion . 

Les lesions formees a 22' s'agrandissent 

apres incubation a 32' puis a 22' . et cet 

agrandissement depend de Page des lesions . 

De plus, avec des lesions plus anciennes, 

des excroissances sectorielles se produisent . 

ou bien les lesions ne s'etendent pas du tout . 

Pour circonscrire completement le virus, it 

faut au moms 12 jours a 22' . Tout les effets 

cites ici, qui sons fonction de Page de 

la feuille ou de la lesion . sont reduits a 

mesure que cis age avance . Apres interruption 

de )'incubation it 32' par de courtes 

periodes a 22' . des necroses n'apparaissent 

que si ces periodes depassent 5-6 heures, et 

leur taille est fonction de cette duree . 

Eztr. resume d'auteur . 

3372 WHENHAM R .J . . FRASER R .S . S 

(En anglais) Stimulation de Is sym 

these de RNA par l'acide absclssique 

dans des disques de feuilles de tabac 

saines ou Infectees par TMV . 

Planet . 1960. 1505, p. 35953 

On a mesure P absorption d'acide abscissisue 

du milieu de culture par des disques 

de feuilles de tabac sames ci viros6es . De s 

2348002

T VIROLOGIE 

measured. Small (two to five fold) increases 

in abscisic acid concentration in discs caused 

increases in rates of ['H) uridine and 

('H) adenine incorporation into total nucleic 

acid, virus RNA and host ribosomal RNA . 

Net accumulation of virus RNA was also 

enhanced by abscisic acid. This evidence 

for stimulation of RNA synthesis is compared 

with previous reports showing inhibition 

of RNA synthesis in other tissues . 

It is suggested that the increase in endogenous 

abscisic acid caused by tobacco 

mosaic virus infection may be at least part . 

Ix responsible for observed increases in 

rates of RNA synthesis after infection . 


3373 WHENHAM RJ ., FnASER R .S .S . 

Effect of systemic and locallesion-forming 

strains of tobacco mosaic 

virus on abaclsic acid concentration 

in tobacco leaves : consequences for 

the control of leaf growth . 

Phvsiol. Plant Pathol., 1981 . 18-3, p . 267- 

78 . 

Abscisic acid (ABA) concentration increased 

2- to 6-fold in leaves of White Burley tobac . 

co systemically-infected with the -vul are 

strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) . The 

concentration of bound ABA (presumed 

to be the glucosvl ester) was not affected 

by infection. TMV strain flavurn produced 

necrotic lesions and localised infection . 

Commencing at the time of lesion appearance. 

free ABA increased by up 

to 18-fold, and bound ABA by up to 

3-fold. The increase in ABA occurred in or 

very close to the lesions . ABA concentration 

also increased in uninfected leaves of flavum-infected 

plants, probably by ABA transport 

from inoculated leaves. The means by 

which svtcmic and localized TMV infection 

might stimulate ABA synthesis are discus . 

sed Virus infection reduced leaf growth . 

Health, plants were sprayed with ABA . 

Both infection and application of ABA to 

healthy plants decreased leaf growth by 

inhibiting cell division : neither affected cell 

expansion. The 2 treatments had similar 

effects when applied at different stages of 

leaf development . Quantitatively, raising the 

ABA concentration of health, leaves by an 

amount similar to the increase caused by 

TM\ gave a similar inhibition of leaf 

growth . 



17_ 

augmentations de deux a cinq fois de la 

concentration en acide abscissique des disques 

provoquent cane elevation des taux d'incorporation 

de l'uridine'H at de I'adenine- 

'H dans )'acide nucleique total, dans le RNA 

viral et dans le RNA ribosomal de Mote . 

L'accumulation nerve de RNA viral est egalement 

renforcde par l'acide abscissique . 

Cette mise an evidence de Ia stimulation 

de Is svnthese du RNA est mise an parallele 

avec )'inhibition de cette svnthese dans 

d'autres tissus signalee dans de precedents 

rapports . On pense que ('augmentation d'aci . 

de abscissique endogent provoquee par I'in . 

fection virale pourrait etre, en partie au 

moins, responsable de Is svnthese accrue 

de RNA observee apres infection . 


3373 WHENHAM RJ ., FRASER R .S .S . 

(En anglais) Influence des souche 

systemiques et a lesions locales de 

TMV scar Is concentration an acide 

abscissique du feuilles de tabac . Consequences 

pour Is regulation de Is 

croisaance follalre . 

Physic), Plant Pathol ., 1981 . 18.3, p . 267- 

78 . 

La conc . en acide abscissique (AAB) augmente 

de 2 a 6 fois dans Its feuilles de 

White Burley infectees de fagon systemique 

par la souche vulgare de TMV . La conc . 

en AAB lie (probablement fester gglucosyliquel 

n'est pas influencee par I'infeo 

tion . La souche flavum de TMV produit des 

lesions necrotiques et cane infection localisee 

. A partir de )'apparition des lesions, 

)'AAB - libre augmente jusqu'a 18 fois 

et I'AAB lie jusqu'a 3 fois . Cease augmentation 

intervient au sein ou dans le 

voisinage des lesions . La conc . en AAB augmente 

egalement dans les feuilles non infectees 

des plantes infectees par la souche 

flavum, probablement par transfert a 

partir des feuilles inoculees . On evoque les 

movens par lesGGuels ('infection svstemique 

et locale par TMV pourrait stimuler la 

s'nthese de ('AAB . L'infection virale reduit 

la croissance foliaire. Des plantes saines 

oast requ one pulverisation d'AAB Tout 

comme ('infection virale, cette application 

a des planets saines diminue la croissance 

foliaire par inhibition de )a division cello. 

laire . mais ni Tune ni I'autre n'affectent 

)expansion cellulaire . Les deux iraitements 

ono des effets semblables lorsqu on les applique 

a differents stades du de, eloppement 

foliaire. Ouamitativement le fan delete 

)a conc en AAB des feuilles saints dune 

quantite egale a celle resultant de Ilnfer. 

tion virale entraine une inhibition idenu' 

que de la croissance foliair e 

Exrr. resume d'auieur s 

2348003 

I

3374 ZELCER A ., WEARER K ., BALAZs E . & al . 

Double stranded RNAs In tobacco 

mottle virus-Infected tobacco tissue. 

Phytoparhology . 1981 . 71-5, p. 566, abstr . 

Three species of TMV-related double strand . 

ed RNA have been found in infected tissues, 

in addition to the known replicative form 

of 4 x 10' MW . These RNAs, designated 

ds-I . ds-2 and ds-3 have apparent molecular 

weights of 2 .25 x 10' . 1 .1 x 10'. and 0.32 x 

10' respectively . RNA hybridization to both 

"I-TMV-RNA and a portion representing 

the one-sixth of TMV RNA containing its 

3'end showed that each of the ds-RNAs 

contains the 5' end of the minus strand of 

TMV RNA . 

3375 ZHURAVLEV Y .N ., Ju DAKO V A Z .S ., PtsETs- 

KAYA N .F . 


Infection of tobacco protoplasts with 

TMV In the absence of poly-LorNthine 

and the electroosmotlc mechanism of 

vino entry . 

Phvropathol . Z., 1980, 98-4, p . 296-309. 

A method has been worked out for inoculation 

of tobacco protoplasts by TMV in the 

absence of polvcations. Infection occurs in 

a phosphate buffer, pH 7 .0, containing 100. 

1 .000 ug/ml of TMV . These conditions produce 

infection of 20 % of the protoplasts, 

which was satisfactory for the study of 

some early stages of virus-protoplasi relationship. 

The ion composition of the buffer, 

pH, temperature, conditions of the preliminary 

plant maintenance and so forth, affect 

the efficiency of protoplast infection 

in the same manner as the efficiency of 

mechanical inoculation of tobacco leaf . Apparently. 

the patterns of virus uptake by 

protoplasts should reproduce the events of 

virus uptake by intact cells of plant leaf . 

Experiments on parallel uptake of TMV 

and f"C] -sucrose allow the inference that 

he plant viruses penetrate the cell by using 

the preexistent cell mechanisms of uptake . 

An attemps was made to substantiate the 

electro-osmotic model of virus entn' into 

plant protoplasts 

From Authors' Summary. 

VIROLOG Y 

i 

176 

3374 ZELCER A ., WEAaeg K .. BAuzs E. & al . 

(En anglais) RNA It double brln dens 

I. tissu de tabac Infecte par TMV . 

Phyroparhology, 1981, 71 .5, p . 566, abstr . 

Trois especes de RNA a double brin apparentes 

a TMV ont ate observees dans )es 

tissus infectes, en plus de la forme virale 

A T1 ication connue et de poids mo!eculaire 

x 10'. Ces RNA, designes comme 

ds-1, ds-2 et ds-3 ont des poids molecuiaires 

apparents respectivement de 2.25 x 

10'. 1,1 x 10' et 032 x 10'. L'hybridavon 

de ces RNA au "'I-TMV-RNA, ainsi qu'a 

une portion representant le sixieme du RNA 

de TMV et contenant la terminaison 3'- in 

clique que chacun des ds-RNA convent Ia 

terminaison 5' du brin It plus petit du RNA 

de TMV . 

3375 ZHURAVLEA Y .N ., JUDAKOVA Z .S . . PISETS- 

KAYA N .F . 

(En anglais) Infection des protoplsstee 

de tabac par TMV an ('absence de 

poly-Lornlthlne : mecanlsme electroosmotlque 

de is penetration du virus . 

Phyroparhol . Z., 1980, 98-4, p . 296-309 

On a mis au point une methode d'inocula . 

tion de TMV a des protoplastes de tabac 

en ('absence de polvcations. L'infecuon se 

produit clans un tampon phosphate de pH 7, 

contenant 100-1000 pg/ml de 7MV. Ces con 

ditions permettent d'infecter 20 % des pro 

toplastes, ce qui est satisfaisant pour etu 

dier Its premiers stades de 1'assoctation 

virus-protoplaste . L'infection des protoplas . 

tes est affectee par la composition ionique 

du tampon. son pH, sa temperature lee 

conditions de developpement de Ia plane 

d'origine. etc .. de la meme maniere que 

l'inoculation mecanique des feuilles de :a 

bat. II semble que l'absorption du virus 

par les protoplastes soil asset semblable 

dans son deroulement . a ce qu'elle es : 

dans It cas de cellules intactes de feuilles 

de tabac. Des essais sur I'absorption pant 

lele de TMV et de saccharose-"C dormer : 

a penser que lee deux penetrations se fort : 

salon les memes mecanismes cellulatres L 

tentative est faire pour corroborer le m :, 

dale electroosmotique de la penetration d_ 

virus dans lee protoplastes vegetau x 

D'apres resume d'auteu' s 

2348004 

1


See also title ref . : 3561-3566 

3376 CotzANI G . 

(In German) Mechanization of tobacco 

growing . 

Dtsch. Tabakbau, 1981, 61-7, p. 79-85 . 

This article reviews and illustrates the 

various types of apparatus now available 

for use in the successive stages of tobac 

co growing, to provide maximum mechanization 

: sowing apparatus ; plantlet mowing 

machine ; transplanting machines 

tractor drawn hoer : topping machines 

machines for applying chemical suckering 

products . 

3377 COLLANI G . 3377 

(In German) Mechanization of tobac . 

co growing . 

Dtsch. Tabakbau, 1981, 61-8, p. 93101 . 

3378 COLZANI G . 

In German) Mechanization of tobac . 

co growing . 

Dtsch Tabakbau . 1981, 619, p . 107 .14 . 

This third article in the series describes 

and illustrates the following apparatus : 

stalk-cutting machines chopping machines 

for use in the field conventional and 

forced air barns : stringing apparatus 

devices for collecting solar energy ; an 

installation for the manufacture of homogenized 

tobacco sheet . 


TECHNOLOGIEAGRICOL E 

Voir aussi re( . signal. : 3561-356 6 

3376 CowN1 G . 

(En allemand) La mecanisation de Is 

culture du tabac. 

Drsch. Tabakbau . 1981, 61.7, p . 79-85 . 

Dans cat article sont passes an revue at 

illustres lea differents types de materiels 

pouvant titre actuellement utilises aura sta . 

des successifs de la culture du tabac, pour 

an assurer la mecanisation maximale : appareil 

a ensemencer ; tondeuse a plantules 

; machines a transplanter bineuses 

tractees ; machines it ecimer machines 

pour le traitement d'inhibition chimique 

des bourgeons . 

CotzANi G . 

(En allemand) La mecanisation de la 


Dtsch. Tabakbau, 1981, 61-8, p. 93-101 . 

This article reviews and illustrates the an s cat article, sont passes an revue a t 

various types of machine and systems used illustres les divers types de machines at 

for harvesting leaf tobacco, for putting de systemes utilises pour la recolte du to 

leaves into containers, and for leaf hand- bac an feuilles, la mise an conteneurs des 

ling and curing . The various systems of feuilles, leur manipulation at leur sechage . 

Priming aid, completely mechanized harvest- Sont particulierement detailles les differents 

ing machines and hot air curing in high svstemes de portecueilleurs, les machines 

packing density containers (bulkcuring) are de cueillettes entierement mecanisees at It 

described in particular detail . 

sechage a ]'air chaud an conteneurs a for. 

to density de chargement (bulkcuring) . 

177 

3378 Cot2ANI G . 

(En allemandl La mecanisation de In 


Drsch . Tabakbau, 1981, 61 9, p . 10714 

Cc troisieme article de ]a same as? r6sene 

a la presentation at a ('illustration des ma 

tenets suiv ants : machines pour a recohr 

en sages machines pour le hachace en 

champ sechoirs tradttionnels at a air 

force : materiel pour I'enguirlandage . dry 

positifs pour rapier I'energie solaire . ins 

tallation pour la fabrication de tabac an 

teuille homogeneisee. 

2348005 

I

I 

3379 MAZCR M ., Bisxur J ., Huuynn M . 

(In Polish) New technology of cultivation, 

once-over harvesting and curing 

of bright cigarette tobaccos . 

Brut. Inform. centr. Lab. Priem . Teton 

., 1981, 1 .2, Is . 33-57 . 

The new technology of tobacco production 

was investigated under the soil climatic 

conditions of Poland. and with the varieties 

of Virginia type bred in the country. The 

field experiments took into consideration 

the following factors varieties Virginia 

Zamojska 4 and Virginia Skroniowska 78 

methods of harvest : multi-phase. twophase 

. one-phase ; topping heights : 16-18, 

1214, and 10.12 leaves. On commercial tobacco 

farms . leaves were harvested ac . 

cording to the one-phase method . with 

the use of Long combine-harvester, and then 

were bulkcured. It was found that the 

tested Varieties of tobacco reacted different . 

ly to topping, depending - beside varietal 

characteristics - on weather conditions . 

Yield is influenced, beside topping height, 

also by the method of harvesting leaves . 

The Virginia varieties cultivated in Poland 

differ in their usability to the new technology 

of cultivation and once-over harvest . 

ing of leaves. Harvesting leaves with the 

Long combine-harvester showed that harvesting 

effectiveness greatly depends on the 

stage of plant growth . Even in favourable 

conditions, 10-20 % of leaves were not harvested. 

mainly lower leaves. Curing results 

indicate that the Long curing barn. based 

on container system of packing . is yen 

economical as bulk-curing barn with fuel 

heating . 

3380 OGILVIE L . LAPORTE G ., THERIACLT R . 

(In French) Mechanization of cigar 

tobacco harvesting . 

Res . Rech. Stn . Rech. St Jean, Quebec . 

1980. 9, p . 65 . 

Further changes have been made to the 

system of harvesting cigar tobacco, using 

a modified conventional barn and movable 

frames. An electric hoist was used to place 

the frames in the barn and was compared 

with the use of a hydraulic fork lift tractor . 

The electric hoist was less efficient . requm 

ine 3857 man-hours . ha. compared with 

13.o2 man-hours ha for the tractor. The 

longest operation teas that of fixing the 

plants onto the sticks . therefore. abolishing 

this operation and replacing it bt the use 

of frames Cu' ered with bands of perforated 



178 

3379 MAZUR M ., BISKCp 1 ., HttYKA M . 

(En polonais) Nouvelle technologic de 

culture, de recolte co we saute fois 

et de sechage du tabacs Bright pour 

cigarettes . 

Biu(. Inform. centr. Lab. Priem. Tv . 

ton., 1981, 1.2, p . 33-57. 

Les nouvelles techniques de production du 

tabac ant etc evaluees dans Its conditions 

de sol et de climat de la Pologne . avec Its 

var. de Virginia cultivees dans cc pays . Les 

essais en champ ant pr-is en compte Its 

facteurs suivants : varietes, Virginie Zamojska 

4 et Virginie Skroniowska 78 : methodes 

de recolte multiphase, en dear phases 

et en une seule phase ; hauteurs d'ecimage, 

16-IS. 12-14 ei 10.12 feuilles . En exploitations 

courantes. les feuilles ont ere 

recoltees en une fois a 1'aide de la machine 

Long, puis soumises au bulk-curing . Les 

var. testees reagissent differemment a I'enmage 

et salon leur caractere propre et es 

conditions meteorologiques . Le rendement 

de tabac est influence par la hauteur d'eci' 

mage. mais aussi par la methode de re 

colte. Les var . de Virginie cultivees en Pologne 

different quaint a leur adaptation aux 

nouvelles techniques de culture et de re 

colic des feuilles en une stole fois . L'emploi 

de la machine Long montre que I of 

ficacite de la recolte est tres dependante du 

stade de croissance de la Plante . Dans es 

meilleures conditions, 10-20 N des feuilles 

ne sent pas recoltees . principalement les 

basses . Les resultats de sechage indiquent 

que It sechoir Long . base sur It chargement 

des feuilles Bans Its caissons, est on ma . 

teriel tres economique de bulk-curing au 

fuel liquide . 

D'apres resume anglais daauteurs . 

3380 OGILVIE I ., LAPORTE G . . THERIACLT R . 

Mecanlestlon de Is recolte du tabac 

a cigare . 

Res . Rech . Sin . Rech. St Jean, Quebec . 

1980. 9, p . 65 . 

Des modifications additionnelles ont etc apportees 

au svsteme de recolte du tabac a 

cigare utihsant on sechoir classique modifie 

et des cadres amovibles . Cn palan 

electrique a ere utilise pour mouvoir les 

cadres a linteneur du sechoir et compare 

a I'usage dun tracteur muni de fourchon, 

by drauliques. Le palan electrique a eke 

morns efficace, requeran : 38 .37 homme heu . 

re ha . compare a seulement 13 .62 homme . 

heure ha pour It tracteur . L'operation la 

plus longue a effectuer est la mise des 

plantes sur lattes . C'est pourquoi I'elimt- 

2348006

igid plastic enabling plants to be suspend . 

ed individually has considerably reduced 

the time necessary for cigar tobacco hay 

vesting. A one-row mechanical cutter has 

been perfected and plans are available for 

it to be built commercially . Additional stu . 

dies were conducted on tobacco curing under 

a sheet of commercial plastic sheet over 

a reaping wagon . The tobacco appears to 

have cured well, but the plastic material 

was destroyed in a storm. It would appear 

necessary to fix the plastic sheet to 

e rigid frame in order to minimize damage . 

Further studies will be effected on the 

modification of frames and bathing to reduce 

as much as possible the time taken 

by these operations . 

3381 PROCAK M ., DRW )EGA J . 

(In Polish) The effect of some methods 

of fermentation on the quality of 

tobacco . 

BtuL Inform. cents Lab. Przem . Ty, 

ton ., 1981 . 1.2, p . 59-74 . 

The aim of the study was to determine 

the effect of various methods of fermentation 

(redrving and proctor-chamber methods( 

on the changes in the first grade tobaccos 

: Virginia and Mocnv Skroniowski . 

On the basis of the obtained results it is 

stated that the fermentation of tobaccos 

using the redrying method does not affect 

essentially the chemical composition and 

the sensory characteristics of tobacco, while 

the fermentation using the proctor-chamber 

method causes important changes in chemical 

composition and sensory characteristics 

Besides. it is shown that the modification 

of certain chemical characteristics of test . 

ed tobaccos results in modification of Benson 

characteristics of tobacco smoke . 

From Authors' English Summar, 

3382 Suocs C .W . 

Mechanical harvesting of flue-cured 

tobacco. 12. Pre-curing crushing of 

midribs . 

Tob . in : . 198) . 183-13, p . 76 .9 . 

Tob Sc:., 1981, XXV. p . 61.7 . 

Crushing of midribs by passing leaves . just 

prior to flue-curing . between rollers spaced 



179 

nation de cette operation et son remplace 

ment par des cadres recouverts de plasti . 

que rigide en bandes ajourees ou trouees . 

permettant I'accrochage des plantes indinduelles, 

a grandement diminue It temps 

necessaire it In recolte du tabac a cigare . 

line coupeuse mewnique a un rang de 

coupe a tie perfectionnee et ses plans 

sont disponibles pour une fabrication commerciale. 

D'autres etudes ont porte sur 

le sechage du tubas sous or. film de plastique 

commercial recouvrant un wagon de 

cueillette . Le tabac semble avoir seche tres 

bien, mais It materiau en plastique a etc 

detruit par une tempete. II terrible que le 

film de plastique doive titre assu ;etti a an 

cadre rigide afin de reduire Its degats . Les 

etudes ulterieures porteront sur )a modification 

des cadres et in mist a la pence 

au sechoir afin de diminuer au maximum 

It temps de ces operations. 

3381 PROCAK M ., DRw1EGA J . 

(En polonais) Influence de certain" 

methodes de fermentation sur In qua. 

We du tabus . 

Biul. Inform. cenrr. Lab. Przem. Te 

ton., 1981 . 1 .2. p. 59-74 . 

On a cherche a determiner )influence de 

diverses methodes de fermentation (acct re 

sechage ou proctorisation) sur Its transfor . 

mations des tabacs de premier grade . Virvinie 

et Mocnv Skroniowski. Sur la base des 

resultats obtenus . fl apparait que la fey 

mentation de ces tabacs avec resechage 

naffecte pas essentiellement )evolution de 

la composition chimique et des caractenstiques 

organoleptiques des tabacs. En re 

vanche. la fermentation avec proctorisation 

modifie cette composition et ces caracteris . 

tiques de fagon importante. On constate en 

outre que In modification de certains carao 

teres chimiques des tabacs est lice a la 

modification des caracteristiques organoleptiques 

de leur fumee . 

Da pres resume anglais d'auieur s 

3382 Suocs CIA . 

(En anulaisi Recolte mecanique du 

tabac flue-cured. 12. Ecrasemeni des 

cotes medianes avant sechage . 

Tob nr . . 1981 . 18313, p 76.9 

Tob Sc, 1981 . XXV, p . 64-7 . 

L'ecrasement des cotes, avant flue-curing 

par passage des feuilles entre des cyhndre s 

2348007 

1

3 mm to 5 mm . apart reduced curing fuel 

requirements by about 15 4 and curing 

time by about 11 hours . Cured weight yield . 

sugar and alkaloid contents were not ad . 

versely affected. An eight-year data sum . 

many suggested a decrease in crop value of 

about four cents per kilogram which may 

have been due to soft rot which developed 

when curing some of the lower printings. 

However, crop value in on-farm upper stalk 

tests was not affected . Although midribs 

were often broken into parallel strands by 

crushing there were no significant problems 

in removing midrib from the leaf with conventional 

leaf threshing-separating equip . 

ment. There was a slight increase in finer 

particles and a decrease in total midrib indicating 

that some of the thinner strands 

may have passed as lamina . 


3383 WALTON L.R . . SWETNAM L .D ., CASADA J .H . 

& al . 

Curing primed burley tobacco leaves 

with natural air . 

Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng., 1980, 

23.6, p . 1573-7 . 

Burley tobacco leaves were cured with un . 

heated forced air in both spiked racks and 

in boxes designed to simulate big box curing. 

Airflow rates of 561 and 7 .48 m'/h/kg 

(15 and 2 cfm/lb) yielded the best rackcured 

tobacco . The box-cured tobacco was 

of very poor quality . All of the experimentally 

cured tobacco was significantly lower in 

egwvalent market price than stalk-cut barncured 

control . 


3384 WILTON L .R ., SWETNAM L .D .. CASADA J .H 

& al . 



ecartes de 3-5 mm reduit les besoins en combustible 

d'environ 15 %a et le temps de sechage 

denviron 11 h. Le rendemct en poids 

sec et les teneurs en sucres et alcaloides 

ne sont pas affectees negativement . L'n re . 

sumo des donnees sur huit ans semble indiquer 

une diminution de la valour de la 

recolte d'environ 4 %/kg . qui pourrait titre 

due a la pourriture durant le sechage des 

feuilles de cueillettes inferieures . Cependant, 

la valeur de Is recolte en exploitation nest 

pas affectee aux etages foliaires superieurs . 

Bien que lea c6tes soient souvent rompues 

en filaments paralieles par 1ecrasement, 

it n'y a pas de problemes notables 

pour Its separer des feuilles a I'aide des 

equipements de battage classiques . On observe 

une legere augmentation de particules 

fines et une diminution des cotes totales 

. indiquant que certains filaments les 

plus fins pourraient passer avec le parenchyme 

. 

D'apres resume d'auteur. 

3383 WALTON L .R . . SWETNASt L.D ., CASADA J .H . 

& al . 

(En anglais) sechage a Fair nature) 

du tabac burley recolte en feuilles . 

Trans. Am. Soc. Agric. Eng ., 1980 . 

23-6 . p . 1573-7 . 

Les feuilles de tabac burley ant ete sechees 

a fair force non chauffe a la fois clans des 

rateliers a polities et dans des caisses con . 

cues a la ressemblance des grands caissons 

de sechage. es debits d'air de 5 .61 et 

7.48 m'/h/kg 'ant donne le meilleur tabac 

seche en rateliers . Le tabac seche en catsse 

a ete de tres mediocre quality . Tout le 

tabac ainsi seche experimentalement a eu 

une valeur marchande significativement plus 

basse que Celle du tabac temoin. seche en 

tiges clans un sechoir traditionnel . 


3384 WALTON L.R .. SWETNAM L.D ., CASADA JH . 

& al . 

Fan schedules for curing primed bur- I (En anglaisi Programme de ventilaley 

leaves at moderate temperature. Hon pour le sechage a temperature 

. moderee du tabac burley recolte en 

Tob. mt . . 1981, 183-14 . p . 33 .7 

feuilles. 

Tob. Sci ., 1981 . XXV, p. 704 

. Tob, ml ., 1981 . 18314, p. 33i . 

Tob . Sci . . 1981 . XXV . p . 70-4 . 

Primed burley leaves were cured under four Les feuilles de burley ont ete sechees Sc' 

schedules of fan-running time at a constant Ion quatre programmes de duree de %en 

180 

2348008

mlet temperature and relative humidity of 

21 C . 70 %n R .H. which is optimum for 

curing stalkcut burley . The fan schedules 

were 100 N fan-running time or continuous . 

50 % fan-running time with a full cycle of 

24 hours, 50 4 fan-running time with a 

full cycle of 3 hours, and 25 4o fan-running 

time (15 of 60 minutes) . All four fans were 

set for an airflow rate of 7 .48 m'/hr/kg 

12.0 cfm/Ibl of green weight of the first 

tier. A fan-running time of 50 % produced 

tobacco with a higher equivalent market 

price than fan-running times of 25 % and 

100 % ; however, the best fan-running schedules 

appears to lie between 25 and 50 %a . 

There was no difference between long and 

short cycles . All fan-running schedules produced 

tobacco of significantly lower equivalent 

market price than stalk-cut barncured 

control . 

TECH NOJAG I E.AGRJCOLE 


3385 WILLIAMSON R .E ., JoHNsoN W .H . 

Chemical and physical characteristics 

of freezedried tobacco stalk and midrib. 

Tab. int ., 1981, 183-12, p . 45.7 . 

Tab. Sci ., 1981. XXV. p . 61-3 . 

Fluecured midrib and stalk from Speighi 

G-28 were turgorconditioned and freezedned 

Solute losses during processing and 

specific volumes of the final products were 

determined. Levels of fifteen chemical constituents 

and pH in the samples were comoared 

with levels in cured midrib and stalk . 

Turgor-conditioning and freeze-drving cured 

midrib and stalk increased the specific 

volume 138 %a and 45 am, respectively . Tur 

gar conditioning midrib and stem resulted 

in 30 %o and 20 %e solute losses, respectiveh 

. Freeze-during cured midrib and stalk 

resulted in reduced levels for water soluble 

acids, alkalinity of water-soluble ash . total 

sugars, total alkaloids, pol'phenols . nitrates . 

chlorides, ash. and alpha-amino nitrogen . 

Levels of holocellulose, petroleum ether 

extract. waxes. and starches increased in 

freeze.dned midrib and stalk compared to 

control midrib and stalk . 



I 

151 

illation a temperature constante de 2P et 

H .R. constante de 70 ô, conditions optimales 

du sechage en tige de burley. Les qua . 

tre programmes bill ete : duree de venti . 

lation 100 4 ou ventilation continue ; 50 %a 

de ventilation sur on cycle complet de 

24 It ; 50 %e de ventilation sur un cycle 

complet de 3 It ; et 25 %o de ventilation 'sur 

60 minutes. Towles les ventilations ant etc 

reglees pour on debit de 7 .48 m'/h/kg de 

feuilles verses au niveau du premier plan 

de pente. Une ventilation de 50 4 donne 

can tabac de meilleure valour marchande 

qu'une ventilation de 25 ou 100 N . Cependant 

. les programmes optimaux semblent 

se situer entre 25 et SO % . On ne note 

pas de difference entre cycles longs et cycles 

courts. Tous les pro grammes de senolation 

donnent on tabac de valeur marchande 

sensiblement inferieure a celle du ter 

main burley seche en tiges . 


3385 WILLIAMSON R .E ., JOHNSON W .H . 

(En anglais) Caracteristiques chladques 

at physiques des tiges at cotes 

de tabac lyophlltsees. - 

Tab. int . 1981 . 183-12, p. 45-7 . 

Tab. Sci., 1981, XXV . p . 61-3 . 

Des cotes medianes et tiger sechees a lair 

force (tabac Speight G-28) ont etc conditionnees 

a turgescence et Ivophilisees . On 

a determine les pertes en solutes au tours 

du traitement et It volume specifique des 

materiaux resultants, et compare quinze de 

curs constituants chimiques ainsi Due le 

pH par rapport a cc qu'ils sont dans les 

produits simplement scones . Le conditionnement 

a turgescence et la Ivophilisation des 

cotes et ages sechees accroissent leurs sclumes 

specifiques respecuvement de 135 

ei 45 %a, Le conditionnement entraine one 

perte en solutes de 30 %o pour les corn, 

et de 20 %o pour Its; tiges . La lvophilisation 

fail baisser les indices chimiques sunants 

aades hvdrosolubles. alcalinite des cendres 

hvdrosolubles . sucres totaax, alcaloides to . 

taux. polphenols . nitrates . chlorures . cendres 

et azote alpha-amine . Les teneurs en 

holocellulose. extras a Tether de petroie 

ores et amidon augmentent dans les cotes a 

trees Ivophilisees par rapport aux temoin s 

D'apres resume d'auren r s 

2348009

I 


See also : 3215, 3216, 3223, 3246 

and title ref. : 3567-358 4 

3386 AKAKI T ., WATANABE R ., TANA" H . 

(In Japanese) Effect of degree of perforation 

of cigarette paper and tipping 

paper on the performance of 

filter cigarettes . 9. Sensory evaluation 

said its correlation with physical and 

chemical characteristics. 

Sci. Pap. cent,. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt Co . 1980, 122. p . 123 .30 . 

The influence of cigarette papers, of which 

air permeability ranges from 12 ml/min/cm' 

to 50 ml/min/cm'. on smoking characteristics 

is verv small. The increase of ventilation 

degree through tipping paper causes 

the weakening of aroma and taste, difficulty 

in puffing, and lack of smoking satisfaction. 

but bad characteristics such as 

bitterness, astringency or harshness are not 

affected by the ventilation degree . Cigaret . 

tes made with different kinds of tipping 

paper, have different aromas and different 

tastes even if their total ventilation rates 

are the same. Smoking characteristics such 

as strength of aroma and taste. easiness in 

Puffing and smoking satisfaction have a 

highly positive correlation with pressure 

drop value, TPM. tar, nicotine in smoke 

and some gas constituents, and a negative 

correlation with ventilation degree through 

tipping paper. The relation between smoking 

quality and total ventilation through cigarette 

paper and tipping paper can be re . 

presented as a curve and is independent 

of each ventilation degree through cigaret . 

to paper or tipping paper. This finding 

agrees well with that of previous paper . 


3387 BRYANT H .G. Jr ., NORMAN V . 


Tobacco composition. 

U .S. Paten, n 4 .248 .251, 1981, 8 p . 

The concentration of the polycyclic aromatic 

hydrocarbons (PCAH) fraction normally 

found to the smoke of a natural leaf smoking 

tobacco can be substantially reduced 

without adverse organoleptic effects on tobacco 

smoke by incorporating both palladium 

. in metallic or salt form . and an in 

organic salt of nitric or nitrous acid. The 

amount of added inorganic nitrate or m 

trite sale required to decrease the PCAH 

lesels in tobacco smoke can be lowered by 

182 

TECHNOIOGIEINDUSTRIEI.L E 

Voir aussi : 3215, 3216, 3223, 3246 

et ref. signal. : 3567-358 4 

3386 AKAKI T ., WATANABE R ., TANAKA H . 

(En japonais) Influence this degre de 

perforation du papier a cigarette et 

du papier de bout star leg performances 

deg cigarettes a Mire . 9. Evalua' 

tion sensortelie et correlation avec Its 

caractertstiqua physiques et chlmlqua 

. 

Sci. Pap. cenrr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt Co, 1980, 122, p . 123-30. 

Dart Is ¢amme de permeabilite a fate de 

12 mlicm-/min . a 50 ml/cm :/min .. I'influence 

des papiers a cigarette est tres faible . L'augmentation 

du degre de ventilation du papier 

de bout provoque un affaiblissement de 

I'arome et du gout, des difficultes de fu 

mage et can marque de satisfaction, macs 

n'influence pas les caracteristiques negatives 

telles que I'amertume. l'astTingenc e 

ou i'acrete . Les cig. faites de differents types 

de papiers de bout ont des aromes et 

des gouts differents . meme si leurs taux de 

ventilation totaux sont identiques . Les ca 

racteristiques de fumage telles que force 

de l'arome et du gout . facilite a carer Les 

bouffees et satisfaction de fumage presem 

tent une forte correlation avec la valeur de 

chute de pression. Its MPT. les goudrons et 

la nicotine, ainsi que quelques constituants 

gazeux de la fumee . et une correlation ne 

gative avec It degre de ventilation a [ravers 

It papier de bout. La relation entre 

qualite de fumage et ventilation totale a 

[ravers It papier a cigarette et It papier 

de bout peut titre representee par une your 

be et elle est independante des taux de 

ventilation de I'un ou de 1'autre papier 

Cc qui confirme les observations dun pre' 

cedent article . 

Extr. resume anglais d'aureur s 

3387 BRYANT H .G. Jr . . NORMAN V . 

(En anglais) Composition de tabac . 

L .S. Parent it' 4 .248 .251 . 1981 .8 p 

La conc en hvdrocarbures aromauque, 

polycycliques de )a fumee de tabac peu : 

titre sensiblement reduite, sans modifier Irs 

qualites organoleptiques de celle-ci . par in 

corporation de palladium sous forme me' 

tallique ou sel arcs : que d un sri morea 

nique de I'acide mtnque ou n:treu' On 

peut diminuer Its quantites de nitrate ou 

nitrite inorganique aioutees pour require 

la conc, en HAP de la fumee de tabac er. 

utilisant des tabacs a fortes conc . en N 

2348010

T TECHNOLOGIEJNDUSTRJELL E 

the use of tobaccos containing a high concentration 

of native nitrate nitrogen . When 

both nitrate and palladium were added to 

tobacco. the PCAH content in the smoke 

was 50 percent of that of the untreated tobacco. 

Palladium alone and nitrate alone 

resulted in PCAH concentrations of 60 and 

78 percent, respectively . 

3388 COHN C .C . 

Treatment of cigarette paper . 

V .S. Patent n 4 .187 .862 . 1980. 7 p . 

Two cigarette paper treatment processes 

are described which would improve fire 

safety by better ash retention and minimize 

the unpleasant effects of cigarette 

smoke to nonsmokers by reducing the smoke 

to negligible quantities between puffs . The 

first alternative process is characterized by 

the step of coating between 40 and 100 4 

of the surface area of the paper with an 

aqueous alkali metal silicate solution (e .g .. 

sodium oxide and silica (SiO,l) . the SiO2 

concentration of which ranges from between 

12 and 16 as for 40 ao coverage, to be . 

tween 7 and 15 spa for full coverage . The 

second alternative process is characterized 

by two sequential uniform coatings with an 

aqueous alkali metal silicate solution, the 

SiO, concentrations in each solution rang. 

ine from 1 .7 to 6 it. . 

From Authors Summary. 

3389 lunutA M ., KAw*ZOE S ., As*xuRA A . & 

al . 

(In Japanese) Productivity of tobacco 

cells in continuous and semlcontinuous 

culture . 

Sc., Pap. centr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt Co ., 1980. 122, p . 1-11 . 

The growth characteristics of tobacco cells 

in suspension cultures. such as growth 

rate. dilution rate, cell production and 

cell productivity . were investigated . These 

talues were compared among batch . semicontinuous 

and continuous cultures . Cell 

productivmes in both continuous and semicontinuous 

cultures were calculated by appiv:ng 

growth characteristic values obtain . 

ed from batch cultures . The productivity 

obtained in continuous cultures agreed well 

with the calculated values . There was no 

difference in cell production between continuous 

and semi-continuous cultures . In 

order to increase cell productivity of semicontinuous 

culture, it is necessary to shorten 

the time required for cell harvesting and 


183 

nitrate d'origine . Lorsqu'on ajoute a Is foil 

du nitrate et du palladium au tabac. Its 

teneur en HAP de la fumee represente 

50 An de celle du tabac non trait!. Pour le 

palladium soul et le nitrate seul . ces proportions 

sont respectivement de 60 et 78 It . 

3388 CoHN C .C . 

(En anglais) Trsltement du papler It 

cigarette . 

U.S. Patent n 4.187 .862, 1980. 7 p . 

On decrit deux procedes de traitement du 

papier destines a ameliorer Its securite en 

matiere d'incendie - par une meilleure retention 

des cendres - et a diminuer les 

effets deplaisants de Its fumee de ciga' 

retie pour le non-fumeur . en reduisant cette 

fumee a des quantites minimes entre bouffees. 

Le premier procede est caracterise 

par l'enduction de 40-100 ao de Is surface du 

papier au moyen d'une solution aqueuse 

alcaline de silicate metalliqaque (par exem 

pie oxyde de sodium et SiOi) . is conc . en 

SiO2 !cant comprise entre 12 et 16 as pour 

une couverture de 40 % et entre 7 et IS a 

pour une couverture totale . Le second procede 

est caracterise par deux enductions 

uniformes ei successives a V aide dune solo' 

tion aqueuse alcaline d'un silicate metalli 

que, la conc. en SiO: de chaque solution 

allant de 13 a 6 ao . 

D'apres resume d'auteur . 

3389 lisiMA M ., KAWAZOE S . . ASAKCRA A . & 

al . 

(En japonais) Productlvlte des cellu . 

les de tabac an culture continue et 

serrdaontinue. 

Sci. Pap. centr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob 

Salt Co., 1980, 122, p . 1 .11 . 

On a examine les caracteristiques de cross 

sance de cellules de tabac en suspension 

notamment le taux de croissance, le taus 

de dilution. la production cellulaire ei 

sa productivite. Ces valeurs ont etc cote 

parees pour different, systemes de cu 111 

re discontinue, semi-continue, continue 

La productivite cellulaire en continu et 

semicontmu est calculee en appliquant les 

caracteristiques de croissance obtenues en 

culture discontinue . La productivite en 

continu concorde been avec les valeurs calculees. 

II ny a pas de difference de production 

cellulaire entre les systemes continu 

et semi-continu . Pour augmenter la 

productivite cellulaire en semi .conunu . it 

est necessaire de raccourcir It temps requi s 

2348011

subsequent supply of fresh medium. De . 

creasing of nitrogen content in the medium 

resulted in a reduced cell production and 

instability of the culture . The continuous 

culture was the most preferable method 

for the large scale production of tobacco 

cells among the three cultural methods . 

From Authors English Summary . 

3390 LARsoN T .M ., MoRINc T .B., IReun M .S . 

Nicotine transfer process. 

U .S. Patent n 4 .215 .706, 1980. 5 p . 

A nicotine transfer process is described in 

which a donor tobacco is contacted with 

a receiving substrate (e .g .. tobacco filler 

materials or reconstituted leaf) which has 

been treated with strong acid. or an ammonium 

salt of a strong acid . Part of the 

nicotine in the donor tobacco is transfer. 

red to the receiving substrate . Thereafter 

the donor tobacco and the substrate may 

be separated. The donor tobacco has a reduced 

nicotine content and is therefore 

more desirable for use in a smoking product. 

When the receiving substrate is a 

low nicotine tobacco by-product (or artificial 

smoking material) enriched in nicotine 

as a result of the transfer, it may be 

used as a filler material for smoking products. 

In one of the experimental examples, 

treated reconstituted tobacco leaf sub . 

Strait, when exposed to donor tobacco for 

2 hours at 95 C, increased in nicotine content 

from 0.6 to 3.05 % while the nicotine 

content of the donor was reduced by approximately 

50 % . 

3391 MASUO Y ., SHIBATA M ., TOMITA H . 


(In Japanese) Effect of the degree 

of perforation of cigarette paper and 

tipping paper on the performance of 

filter cigarettes . 8. On the relationship 

between volume of air entering the 

burning cone and burning character. 

istics of cigarette . 

Sec. Pap. cent.. Res. Inst. Ipn Tab . 

Salt Co. 1980. 122, p . 115.22 

The volume of air entering the burning cone 

of a cigarette increased with decreasing 

hole area on tipping . air permeability of 

aearette paper and butt length . The sum 

of the volume entering at the burning cone 

and ventilating air through the tobacco 

column and the vented filter was alwats 

lower than puff volume . The difference . 

accounted for the gas generated from burn 


184 

pour Is collecte des cellules et I'approvisionnement 

ulterieur en milieu frais . Diminuer 

la teneur en N du milieu a pour effet de 

reduire Its production cellulaire ei de rem 

dre Its culture instable, Parmi Its trots me 

thodes. la culture continue est de loin la 

meilleure pour Is production a grande echelle 

de cellules de tabac . 

D'apres resume anglais d'aureurs . 

3390 LARSON T .M., Moatnc T .B ., IRELAND M .S . 

(En anglais) Procede de transfers de 

Is nicotine . 

U .S. Patent n- 4 .215 .706, 1980, 5 p . 

On decrit un procede de transfers de la 

nicotine clans lequel tin tabac donneur „ 

est mis en contact avec un substrat re 

ceveur . (par exemple tabac de remplissage 

ou feuille reconstituee) . traite a I'aide 

d'un acide fort ou d'un sal ammoniacal d'acide 

fort . Une partie de la nicotine du don 

new est transferee au receveur . apres qum 

its sons separes. L'on obtient ainsi un don . 

new a teneur reduite en nicotine, souhat . 

to par certains prodtnts a turner . Lorsque 

Ic substrat receveur est un sous-produit tabacole 

Lou un materiau a fumer svnthetique) 

a faible teneur en nicotine . it se trou . 

re ainsi enrichi et peut titre utilise comme 

materiau de remplissage des produits a fm 

met. Un exemple experimental parmi d'autres 

un substrat de tabac reconstitue et 

traite. expose a un tabac donneur pendant 

2 h A 95-, a une teneur en nicotine accrue 

de 0.6 a 3,05 % . tandis que la teneur en 

nicotine du donneur est reduite d'enrvon 

50 % . 

3391 MASUO Y ., SHIBATA M ., TOMITA H . 

(En japonais) Influence du dept de 

perforation du papier a cigarette et du 

papler de bout sur lea performances 

des cigarettes A filtres. S. Relation 

entre It volume d'alr penetrant au 

niveau du cone incandescent et les 

caracteristiques de combustion de Is 

cigarette. 

Sci. Pap. cent. Res. Inst. Iprr Tob 

Salt Co. 1980. 122, p. 11522 . 

Le volume d'air penetrant par le cone in 

candescent augmente quand la zone perforce 

du papier de bout . la permeabilte dpapter 

a cigarettes et la longueur du me 

got diminuent. La Somme du volume d a :7 

penetrant par le cone incandescent et de 

]air de ventilation penetrant par la colon 

ne de tabac et le filtre ventile est touiours 

inferieure au volume de bouffee . La diff e 

2348012

ing cigarette. corresponded to 10-20 % of 

puff volume. The burn length of cigarette 

during a puff depended on the volume of 

air entering the burning cone of cigarette. 

The burn length between puffs depended 

on the type of cigarette paper regardless 

to the air permeability of the cigarette 

paper. The gas volume generated 

was found to be linearly proportional to 

the volume of air entenng at the burning 

cone, i .e. the gas volume depended on the 

amount of tobacco consumed during a puff . 

Practically, mainstream delivery of 7PM per 

cigarette could be predicted from the volume 

of air entenng at the ht end obtained 

from unlit cigarette, which is easier to 

measure than on lit cigarette . 


3392 SAIGER G .L . 

Summary : reductol V' in perspective. 

Tob . int., 1981, 183.10, p . 29-31 . 

Reductol V is said to make the tobacco 

in cigarettes burn more completely . This 

reduces tar. nicotine and benzo(a)pgrene . 

Reductol V is said to have a neutralizing 

or detoxifying effect at the tissue level on 

benzolaipvrene and other tumor-producing 

polvnuclear aromatic hydrocarbons which 

remain in tar, Reductol V can be used 

either with an applicator to treat finished 

cigarettes or as a final step in treatment 

of the tobacco at the factorv level. Reductol 

V could reduce tar and nicotine by 

much higher percents per puff. on the average. 

than recent tobacco industry methods . 

3393 SAKUMA H ., KUSAMA M ., MUSAKATA S . 

& al . 

(In Japanese) Irritation and paper . 

burning aroma of cigarette smoke 

derived from cellulose . 

Sc: . Pap. cerur. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt Co . 1980, 122, p . 21-31 . 

The irritation of cellulose cigarette smoke 

was mosth due to low boiling carbonyl 

compounds such as formaldehyde . acrolein, 

and 3-buien.2one. and sucnnaldehyde . As 

regards paper-burning aroma of cellulose 

cigarette smoke, compounds having burnt 

odor such as furans and monohydricphenols 

as well as those having sweet . caramel-like 

odor such as cvclopentane-I2-dione, cyclo- 


TECHNOLOGIEINDUSTRIELL E 

183 

rence, imputable au gaz forme par Is combustion 

de Is cigarette . correspond a lo- 

20 % du volume de Is bouffee . La longueur 

de cig. consumee lors d'une bouffee depend 

du volume d'air entrant par le cone 

incandescent. La longueur consumee entre 

bouffees depend du type de papier a 

cigarette, mais non de sa permeabilite a 

fair. Le volume de gaz engendre au yours 

d'une bouffee apparait lineairement proportionnel 

au volume d'air entrant par le cone 

incandescent, c'est-a-dire a la quantite 

de tabac consume durant Its bouffee . On 

peut pratiquement predire la production de 

MPT Bans le courant principal, par cigarette, 

d'apres le volume d'air entrant par 

le bout allume, cc volume etant mesure sur 

la cigarette non allumee pour des raisons 

de commodite . 

D'apres resume anglais d'au :eur s 

3392 SAIGER G .L . 

(En anglais) En bref : It Reductol 

V'" an perspective . 

Tob . inc ., 1981 . 183.10, p . 2931 . 

Le Reductol V est presents par l'auteur 

comme avant Its capacite de faire brulcr 

plus completement le tabac des cigarettes, 

cc qui en reduit les goudrons, Its nicotine 

et le benzo(a)pvrene. Ce produit aurait un 

effet neutralisant ou detoxifiant, au mveau 

tissulaire, sur le benzo(a)pvrene et les au 

tres HAP tumorigenes restant dans les gou' 

drons, 11 peut eve utilise snit en application 

au dernier stade de fabrication de )a 

cigarette. soit comme traitement terminal 

du tabac en usine . Le Reductol V reduirait 

les goudrons et Is nicotine Bans des proportions 

plus grandes par bouffee movenm 

ne que cc qui a etc obtenu jusqu'ici aver 

les methodes industrielles recentes . 

3393 SAKCMA H ., KUSAMA M., MCVAKATA S . 

& al . 

(En japonais) Irritation et arome de 

papier brvie de Is fumee de cigarette 

faire de cellulose . 

Sc,. Pap. centr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob 

Salt Co, 1980, 122 . p . 2131 . 

L'irritation due a la fumee de cigarette de 

cellulose est due en ma cure partie aux 

composes carbom9es a bas point d ebulh 

lion tels que le formaldehyde . I'acrole :nc 

le 3-butene2-one et le succmaldeh'at En 

ce qui concerne I'arome de papier brule do 

cette fumee. on constate que des composes 

a odeur de brute, tels que furannes et phe' 

nols monohvdnques . de meme que ceux a 

2348013

tene and maltol showed appreciable contribution 

to addition to the compounds responsible 

for the irritation . The reduction 

of the irritation and paper-burning aroma 

of cellulose cigarette smoke was efficiently 

achieved by the absorbent filters containing 

charcoal or synthetic high porous polymer 

resins of ethylene diamine type, or by the 

addition of hot water extract of tobacco 

leaf. - I . value obtained by the following 

formula was proposed as an index for the 

strength of irritation and paper-burning 

aroma of cigarette smoke : . I . = (amount 

of formaldehyde - 5) x (amount of acroloin) 

. . I Value was proved to be well 

applicable for evaluation of the irritation 

of paper-burning aroma of cellulose cigarette 

smoke or reconstituted tobacco cigarette 

smoke , 


3394 TERAHARA A ., HATAAEYAMA M ., MAEDA K . 

& al . 

(In Japanese) Effect of the degree 

of perforation of cigarette paper and 

tipping paper on the performance of 

filter cigarettes. 7. Effects on the pressure 

drop, the ventilation rate, the 

delivery of smoke constituent and the 

reduction of vapor phase components . 

Sci. Pap. centr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob . 

Salt Co, 1980. 122, p . 103.13 . 

When employing porous cigarette paper, 

the ventilation rate of cigarette paper is 

lowered . but the reduction of tar and nicotine 

delivery is more important than when 

employing mechanical perforated cigarette pa . 

per, both papers being approximately equal 

in air permeability. The reason is that 

porous cigarette paper makes tobacco column 

more combustible . Tipping paper with 

a lot of small holes can provide higher 

level of ventilation rate and lower pressure 

drop than tipping paper with a few large 

holes, both being equal in total hole area . 

Besides, as the number of rows of holes 

increase, the reduction of tar and nicotine 

delivery increases . As degree of perforation 

of tipping paper changes, a linear relation . 

ship exists between ventilation rate and 

pressure drop . With ventilation rate being 

100 °° . the pressure drop is equal to the 

pressure drop of filter portion from mouth 

end to hole position. Mean value of yen . 

tilation rates through tipping in puff by 

puff smoking is approximately equal to 

those of vented cigarette in no smoking . As 

ventilation rate through tipping increases . 

the reduction of tar and nicotine increases 

linear)'. But smoke constituents are effec' 

tiseh reduced beyond 50 ae in ventilation 

rate Reduction of smoke constituents bs 



lac 

odeur sucree, de type caramel, tels que cvclopentane-1l-dione, 

cyclotene et maltoi. v 

contribuent largement . On reduit efficacement 

('irritation et l'arome de papier bru 

le de Is fumee de cigarette de cellulose 

au moyen de filtres absorbants contenant 

du charbon ou des resiDes svnthetiques a 

haute porosite du type ethylene diamme . ou 

par l'addition d'un extrait a l eau chaude 

de feuille de tabac. On propose . commit in . 

dice de 1. force d'irntation et de I'arome 

de papier bride, Is valour . I obtenue 

par Is formule suivante : I = tquantite 

de formaldehyde + 5) x (quantize d'acroleine). 

Cette valour apparait facilement applicable 

pour evaluer ('irritation ei I'arome 

de papier brule de Is fumee de cigarette 

de cellulose ou de tabac reconstitue . 

Exrr. resume anglats d'auteurs . 

3394 TERAHARA A ., HATAKEYAMA M ., MAEDA K . 

& al . 

(En japonais) Influence du degre de 

perforation du papfer It cigarette et 

du papfer de bout sur Its performances 

des cigarettes a filtres. 7. Influen. 

cc star Ia chute de presalon . It taux 

de ventilation, 1. formation des earnpoaants 

de Is fumee et In reduction 

des compoaants de Is phase gateuse. 

Set. Pap. cenrr. Res. Inst. Jpn Tob 

Salt Co, 1980. 122, p . 103 .13 . 

L'emploi de papier a cigarette poreux dominue 

Is ventilation par rapport a on pa' 

pier a cigarette perfore par vote mecant 

que : en revanche, le premier induct one 

reduction de la production de goudrons et 

de nicotine plus importante que le second . 

pour une meme permeabilite a lair des 

papiers. Cela tiendrait au fait que le pa' 

pier poreux rend la colonne de tactic plus 

combustible. Le papier de bout comportant 

on grand nombre de petits trous donne 

one ventilation plus elevee et une chute de 

pression plus faible que le papier cote 

portant quelques grands trous, ei ce pour 

une meme surface totale de perforations 

En outre. plus les targets de trous sort 

nombreuses. plus la reduction des goudrons 

et de la nicotine est importance . En mode . 

fiant la perforation du papier de bout on 

obsen'e une relation lmeaire entre le taus 

de ventilation et la chute de pression 

Pour une ventilation de 100 °e . la chute de 

pression est egale a celle de la pornor 

de filtee comprise entre I"extreme to '5L,u 

the et la zone des trous . Les tarn mosenc 

de ventilation par It papfer de bout lot, 

dun fumaae bouffee par bouffee. soot ap' 

proximativement egaux a ceux des c :gave : . 

tes ventilees lors du non fumaee . A me 

sure que la sentilation de bout augment e 

2348014

porous tipping and zonal electrically perforated 

tipping depends on ventilation rate 

obtained . 

3395 WHITE J .L . 


Process for cxp .nding tobacco . 

U .S. Parent n- 4 .257 431, 1981, 3 p . 

An invention to improve a tobacco expansion 

process wherein tobacco impregnated 

with an expansion agent is contacted with 

hot inert solid particles to effect expan . 

sion of the tobacco is described . The solid 

particles or beads are heated by appropriate 

means such as radiant heat energy, hot 

gases, or contact with suitable heat ex. 

changing surface. The contact time between 

the hot inert solid particles and the impregnated 

tobacco should be such that no 

significant charring of the tobacco will 

occur under the processing conditions employed 

. 

From Author's Summary 

PHARMACOLOGY 

See also : 3213, 3225, 3387, 3392 

and title re(. : 3585-3600 

3396 BRUSZELL l .D, . GOLDBERG A .P ., SCHWARTZ 

R .S . 

Cigarette smoking and adipose tissue 

lipoprotein lipase . 

Irtt J Obesity, 1980, 4-2 . p . 101-3 . 

Adipose tissue lipoprotein activity was 

measured m 10 otherwise health, smokers 

Ica ho smoked at least 20 cigarettes per days 

and compared with that of 12 nonsmoking 

controls. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase 

activity was significantly higher (p < 0 .001) 


PHARMACOLOGJ E 

187 

Is reduction des goudrons et de la nicotine 

augmente de facon lineaire. Mats Its constituants 

de Is fumee ne sont effectivement 

reduits qu'au dela de 50 % de ventilation . 

La reduction des constituants de Is fumee 

par bout poreux et bout it zone perforce 

electriquement depend de Is ventilation obtenue. 

3395 WHITE J .L . 

D'apres resume anglais d'auteurs . 

(En anglais) Proctdt d'expanslon du 

tabac. 

U .S. Parent n 4257 .431 . 1981 . 3 p . 

On decrit tine invention pour ameliorer le 

processus d'expansion du tabac, Bans laquelle 

le tabac impregne d'un agent d'expansion 

(liquide ou gazeux) est mis en 

contact avec des particules inertes solider . 

Ces particules ou perles sont chauffees par 

des moyens appropries, energie radiante, 

gaz chauds. ou contact avec une surface ade . 

quate echangeuse de chaleur . Le temps de 

contact entre ces particules chauffees et le 

tabac impregne doit titre tel qu'aucune carbonisation 

du tabac ne se produise clans 

Its conditions operatoires utilisees . 

D'apres resume d'aureur . 


Voir auss+ : 3213, 3225 . 3387, 3392 

ei ref. signal . : 3585-3600 

3396 BRUNZELL J .D ., GOLDBERG A .P ., SCHWARTZ 

R.S . 

(En anglais) Le fumage de Is cigarette 

et Is lipase llpoproteique des tissus 

adlpeux . 

Int. J. Obesity, 1980, 4-2. p . 1013 . 

Lactivite de la lipase lipoproteique des it, 

sus adipeux a etc mesuree chez do fumeurs 

par ailleurs en bonne sante tau morns 

20 cig .: lour) et comparee a Celle de 12 temoins 

non-fumeurs. Cette acurite lipasique 

est apparue significativement plus el e 

2348015

in smokers (5.4 _ 2.6 mU/10' cells) than 

in controls (1.9 0.7 mU/10' cells) of 

similar weight . 


3397 DAHLGREN E . 

(In Swedish) Lung cancer, cardiovascular 

disease and smoking In a 

group of mineworkers . 

Ldkartidningen, 1979, 76-52, p. 48114 . 

Increased mortality from lung cancer has 

been demonstrated in mineworkers exposed 

to radon gas and in copper smelters exposed 

to arsenic . Among the latter, excess 

mortality from cardiovascular disease has 

also been demonstrated . A lower frequency 

of lung cancer but a shorter period of latency 

among smokers than among non 

smokers has been reported in the case of 

workers at a sulfur ore mine in central 

Sweden. In the present investigation, the 

causes of death have been studied among 

workers who have been exposed to both 

radon gas and arsenic in a Norriand sulfur 

ore mine. As regards lung cancer, there 

was a fivefold excess mortality. Relatively 

more nonsmokers than smokers were affected, 

but the difference was not significant 

. As regards cardiovascular disease, 

there was no excess mortality . and it is 

therefore hardly likely that the exposure 

to arsenic could have contributed to the increased 

frequency of lung cancer . 


3398 JAcoss D .R ., GorrEs'aoac S . 

Smoking and weight : the Minnesota 

Lipid Research Clinic . 

.4m. J. Pub . Health . 1981, 714, p . 391-6 . 

Fmdmes confirm that weight differences 

between smokers of 15-29 cigarettes per day 

and those who never smoked are noticeable 

in 20- to 39.vearold and quite marked in 

the 40- to 50-year-old age group . Ex-smokers 

are somewhat heavier than those who never 

smoked while among smokers . a U-shaped 

curve exists with those smoking 1529 cie. 

arettes per day being the tightest class 

Height varied little between smoking classes. 

As regards dails caloric intake . the re, 

suits showed that smokers of 1529 ci¢aret- 

PHARMACOLOG Y 

vee (p < 0,001) chez Its fumeurs (5,4 

2.6 mU/10' cellules) que chez Its terrains 

(1,9 = 0,7 mU/10' cellules), pour un ponds 

corporel identique . 


3397 DAHLGREN E . 

(En suedois) Cancer du poumon, male. 

din cardlovasculalres et usage du tabac 

daze on groupe de mineurs . 

Ldkarridningen, 1979, 76-52, p. 48114 . 

On a mis en evidence une monalite accrue 

par cancer du poumon chez des mineurs 

exposes au gas radon et chez des fondeurs 

de cuivre exposes a ('arsenic . Chez ces der . 

niers, on a egalement note une surmortalite 

par maladies cardio-vasculaires . Une morn 

tire frequence de cancers du poumon macs 

avec une periode d'incubation plus course 

chez Its fumeurs par rapport aux non-fumeurs 

a ere signalee clans It cas de per 

scones travaillant clans une mine de sou 

ire du centre de Is Suede. Dans la pre . 

sense etude, les causes de monalite ont 

ete etudiees chez des travailleurs exposes 

au radon et a ('arsenic dans une mine de 

soufre du Norrland . En cc qui concerne le 

cancer du poumon, la sur-mortalite est 

d'un facteur cinq. Elie touche un nombre 

relativement plus important de non-fumeurs 

que de fumeurs . mais Is difference nest pas 

significative . En cc qui concerne Its mala . 

dies cardio-vasculaires, it ny a pas de surmonalite 

; it est done peu vraisemblable 

que ('exposition a 1'arsenic puisse avoir con. 

tribue a is frequence accrue du cancer du 

poumon . 


3398 JAcoas D .R ., GorrENaORG S . 

(En anglais) Usage du tabac et ponds 

corporel. La clinique de recherche sur 

In Ilpides du Minnesota . 

Am. J. Pub. Health 1981, 714, p . 3916 . 

Les observations faites ici confirment que 

les differences de ponds entre fumeurs de 

15.29 cig./jour et personnes navant )amais 

fume sont sensibles dans It groupe d age 

2639 ans et tres marquees daps It groupe 

40-50 ans . Les ex-fumeurs sort un peu plu s 

i giros que Its personnes qui n'oni tamats 

fume. tandts que parmi Its fumeurs 1 anparait 

une courbe en U ou la categoric de, 

fumeurs de 1529 sag ., lour est celle des 

Bens Its mains Bros . La taille cane peu en 

ire classes de fumeurs . En cc cut concer . 

18 8 

i 2348016 

http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/kxt71b00/pdf

PHAR,NACOLOGI 

tes per day generally are consuming at least 

as many or more calories as those who 

never smoked . 

3399 RIMINOroN J . 


The effect of filters on the incidence 

of lung cancer In cigarette smokers . 

Environ. Res ., 1981 . 24-1 . p . 162-6 . 

A follow-up study was carried out on 2,393 

nonfilter and 3,045 filter cigarette smokers 

aged 40 or more . The follow-up period . which 

was a minimum of 69 months and a maxi . 

mum of 81 months, revealed 104 cases of 

lung cancer . The incidence of lung cancer 

in nonfilter cigarette smokers (24 .2/1 .000) 

was more than 50 % higher than that of 

filter cigarette smokers (15 .1/1,000) . This 

relationship was maintained irrespective of 

age and amount smoked, and because of 

the fact that most filter smokers smoked 

nonfilter cigarettes for years before Chang . 

ing to filters, probably underrates the protech 

yc effect of filters . 


3400 STEPNEY R . 

Consumption of cigarettes of reduced 

tar and nicotine delivery . 

Brit. 1. Addict . . 1980 . 75-1 . p . 81 .8 . 

The results of 16 previously published stu . 

dies which have investigated the effect of 

reduced tar and nicotine deliver' on cigarette 

consumption were anahzed . In 13 of 

the studies. switching to a lower deliver, 

brand resulted in an increase in the number 

of cigarettes smoked. The regression of 

change in cigarette consumption on change 

in nicotine delivers' produced a Y value of 

0.59 (p < 0.01). clearly indicating a positive 

relationship between decrease in 'deliyen' 

and increase in consumption. On the basis 

of the regression line it was possible to 

predict that a reduction in nicotine de 

livery by 50 °o can lead to an increase of 

around 9 0° In consumption . When deliver, 

is reduced by 20 or 30 °o . an increased 

consumption of around 3 to 5 °o is to be 

expected . 


E 

189 

ne l'absorption calorique quotidienne . 'les 

resultats montrent que les fumeurs de 15- 

29 cig./jour en absorbent au mains autant . 

smon plus, clue les personnes ne fumant 

pas . 

Extr. resume d'aureurs . 

3399 RIMINGTON J 

(En anglais) Influence des Mires sur 

l'Incidence du cancer du poumon chef 

its fumeurs de cigarettes . 

Emviron. Res., 1981 . 24-] . p. 162-6 . 

Line etude a etc poursuivie sur 2 393 fm 

meurs de cigarettes sans filtres et 3 045 to 

meurs de cigarettes a filtres . ages de 40 ans 

ou plus. La periode d'observation a dure un 

minimum de 69 mois et un maximum de 

81 mots. revelant 104 cas de cancers du 

poumon. L'incidence de cc cancer chez les 

fumeurs de cigarettes sans filtres (24 .3 

1000) a etc de plus de 50 °o superieure a 

ceile observee chez les fumeurs de ciga 

rettes a filtres (15 .1/1000) . Cc rapport se 

maintient. independamment de Page et des 

quantites fumees. La plupan des fumeurs 

de cig. a filtres avant fume anterieurement 

des cig . sans filtres pendant de nombreuses 

annees, on pense que l'effet protecteur des 

filtres se trouve sousestime ici . 

3400 STEP,:EY It 

Extr. resume d'auteu r 

(En anglaisl Consommatlon de ciga' 

rettes a teneurs redultes an goudrons 

el nicotine . 

Brit. 1. Addict . . 1980, 75-I . P . 81 .8 . 

On a analyse les resultats de 16 etudes 

anterieures sur 1'influence des reductions 

de goudrons et nicotine sur la consomma' 

tton de cigarettes . Dans 13 de ces etudes 

je passage a une marque plus leeere en 

raine on accroissement du nombre de ct 

garenes turners . La regression de cc than 

gement par rapport au changement du tau, 

de nicotine donne une aleur y de 0,5a 

(p < 0.011. cc qui indlque clairement one 

relation positive entre les deuy . D apres la 

bane de regression . d est possible de predire 

qu'une reduction du rendement de r,1 

cotine de 50 °° pew conduire a one auc 

mentauon de consommauon de cigarette, 

de 9 °e Lorsque cc rendement est d :minur 

de 20-30 °° . on peut escompter one consom 

mason accrue de 3-5 ro 

2348017 

1

3401 TURNER LA .M ., SILLErr R .W ., McNmoL 

M .W . 

The inhaling habits of pipe smoker. . 

Brit. J. Dis. Chest . 1981, 75-1, p . 716 . 

The primary pipe smokers (who have never 

smoked cigarettes) had low, presmoking nicotine 

and carboxvhemoglobin levels with a 

small increase after smoking (carboxyhemoglobin 

1 .1 °'s rising to 1 .26 4v and nicotine 

7.7 nmol/l rising to 33 .9 nmol/I). Secondary 

pipe smokers (previous cigarette smokers) 

had a higher presmoking carboxvhemoglobin 

and nicotine level with a significant 

rise during smoking (carboxvhemoglobin 

3 .0 % rising to 4.3 %. plasma nicotine 

74.3 nmol/l rising to 215 .8 nmol/q, indicating 

significant inhalation and absorption of 

carbon monoxide and nicotine. These re. 

suits indicate that primary pipe smokers 

do not inhale and absorb vent' little nicotine . 

Secondary pipe smokers do not lose their 

habit of inhaling . 


3402 WALD N .. IDLE M ., BOREHAM J. & al . 

Low-reruns-vltamin .A and subsequent 

risk of cancer. Preliminary result of 

a prospective study . 

Lancer. 1980, 2-8199, p . 813-5 . 

In a prospective study serum samples from 

16.000 men were collected and stored . Vi . 

tamin A (retinol) levels were later measured 

in the stored samples from the 86 men 

who were subsequently notified as having 

developed cancer and in the stored samples 

from 172 controls who did not develop can . 

cer. Low retinal levels were associated with 

an increased risk of cancer. The association 

was independent of age, smoking habits, 

and serum cholesterol level and was greates t 

for men who developed lung cancer (mean 

retinol level 187 i .u./dl compared with 229 

i .u.idl for the controls p < 0 .005) . Th e 

risk of cancer at any site for men with 

retinols levels in the lowest quintile was 

2.2 times greater than the risk for men with 

levels in the highest quintile (p < 0 .0251 . 



PHARMACOLOG Y 

3401 TURNER J .AM., Slum R .W ., McNiCOL 

M .W . 

(En anglais) Lea habitudes d'inhalatlon 

des fumeun de pipe . 

Brit. J. Dis. Chest, 1981, 75.1, p . 71-6 . 

Les fumeurs de pipe primaires (navant jamais 

fume de cigarettes) presentent avant 

fumage des taut de nicotine et de carboxvhemoglobine 

tres bas avec tine legere augmentation 

de ceux-ci apres Line rieure de 

fumage de pipe (carboxvhemoglobine 1 .1 °b 

s'elevant a 126 At, et nicotine 7,7 nmol/l 

s'elevant it 33 .9 nmol/1). Les fumeurs de 

pipe secondaires (fumant auparavant Its cigarette) 

presentent avant fumage des taux 

de carboxyhemoglobine et nicotine plus 

elevds ci ces faux s'elevent sensiblement 

apres fumagge (carboxvhemoglobme 3 °o 

selevant a 4,3 4, nicotine dans le plasma 

74.3 nmol/I selevant a 215 .8 nmol/I ), cc 

qui indique chez eux une inhalation importante 

d'oxvde de carbone et de nicotine . 

Ainsi, les fumeurs de pipe primaires nin . 

halent pas et nabsorbent que peu de nicotine, 

Landis que Ies fumeurs de pipe secondai' 

res ne perdent pas leur habitude dinhaler . 

Exit. resume d'auteurs . 

3402 WALO N ., IDLE M ., BOREHAM J. & at . 

(En anglais) La vitamin A du s6rum 

et Its risques ultedeurs de can . 

eer. Premiers resultats dune etude 

prospective . 

Lancet, 1980, 2-8199, p . 813-5 . 

A I occasion dune etude prospective . Ies 

echantillons de serum sanguin de 16000 hommes 

ont ete collectes et stockes . Les taux 

de retinol ont etc par la suite mesures 

dans les echantillons stockes de 86 d'entre 

eux avant developpe ulterieurement tin can . 

cer du poumon et de 172 terrains exempts 

de cancer. Les faibles faux de retinol ont 

ete associes a tin risque accru de cancer 

L'association est independante de Page . des 

habitudes de fumage et du taux de cholesterol 

sanguin ; elle est particulieremenl 

etroite chez les hommes contractant le 

cancer du poumon Itaux de retinol moven 

de 187 i .u./dl, compare a 229 i .u./dl pour 

les temoms. p < 0,0051 . Le risque de cancer. 

en tour points du corps, chez Ies horn . 

mes dons le faux de retinol correspond au 

plus faible quintile est de 2.2 fois superirr 

au risque de sulets dont It taux de redol 

figure dans )e quintile le plus slew tp < 

On,

3403 WALDBILLIG RJ . 

Suppressive effects of Intnperitoneal 

and Intraventrlcular injections of nicotine 

on muricide and shock-induced 

attack on conspMfica . 

Pharmacol . Biochem . Behav.. 1980, 12- 

4. p . 619 .23 . 

It was found that intraperitoneal injections 

of nicotine (100-1 .000 4g./kg) in ra ts suppressed 

mouse-killing in a dose-dependent manner. 

The suppression of mouse-killing by nicotine 

was not blocked by hexamethonium 

(30 mg/kg). a peripheral nicotinic receptor 

blocking agent . Mecamvlamine (30 mg/kg) 

a nicotinic blocking agent with central ef . 

fects. did reduce the inhibition of attack 

produced by nicotine . Both intraperitoneal 

and intraventricular injections of nicotine 

suppressed shock-induced attack on conspecifics 

. Shock-elicited flinch, vocalization . 

and escape were not influenced by nicotine 

injections. These findings give further support 

to the view that muscarinic and nicotinic 

compounds produce antagonistic ef . 

fects on certain types of attack behaviour . 

3404 WEtss W . 


The cigarette factor in lung cancer due 

to chloromethyl ethers . 

J. occup. Med ., 1980, 22-8, p . 527 . 9 

In a prospective study of 51 men who had 

moderate to heavy cumulative exposure to 

chloromethyl ethers . 11 developed lung can . 

cer in a 10-vear period. The risk was higher 

'P < 0001) in men who were not smoking 

cigarettes at the start of observation than 

in those who were. This difference was 

es en more impressive when examined in 

relation to the risks of lung cancer by smoking 

habit in the general population . The 

data suggest that continued cigarette smoking 

entailed a factor which partially in 

hibited the carcinogenic effect of chloromethyl 

ethers . 



PHARMACOLOGJ E 

I 

191 

3403 WAIOBILLiG RJ . 

(En anglais) Action de rtpresslon des 

Infections intnptritoneales at IntraventriLnaWres 

de nicotine viN-via de 

Is disposition du rat A attaquer ses 

congtnares sous 1'effet de Is muricide 

ou d'un choc . 

Pharmacol. Biochem . Behav., 1980 . 12- 

4, p . 619-23 . 

L'injection intraperitoneale de nicotine (100- 

1(00 ug/kg) supprime le comportement 

meurtrier du rat visa-vis de la Souris dans 

des proportions dependantes de la dose . 

Cette suppression nest pas bloquee par 

I'hexamethonium (30 mg/kg), agent bloquant 

Its recepteurs peripheriques de la nicotine 

. Le mtcamylamine (30 mg/kg) . agent 

de blocage nicotimque a effet central. re 

duit I'inhibition de I'attaque due a la ni 

cotine. Les injections de nicotine sous for 

me intraperitoneale et intraventriculaire suppnmeni 

egalement I'attaque du rat visa-vis 

de ses congeneres sous I'effet dun choc . 

Le tressaillement . In emissions vocales et 

Is fuite du rat sous un tel effet ne sont 

pas influences par les injections de nicotine. 

Ces observations confirment l'idee se 

Ion laquelle les composes muscarinique et 

nicotinique auraient des effets antaeoms 

tes sur certains types de comportement d attaque 

chez le rat . 

3404 WEISS W . 

Exir. resume d'aweur 

(En anglais) Le facteur cigarette dens 

le cancer du poumon provoque par 

lea ethers chloromtthyllques- 

J. occup. Med ., 1980, 22 .8, p . 527-9 . 

Dans le cadre d'une etude prospective por 

tant sur 51 sujets exposes a des quantiles 

cumulees d'ethers chloromethyliques plus 

ou moires importantes, onze d'entre eux ont 

developee on cancer du poumon en one 

periode de 10 annees Le risque est appa . 

ru plus Strand (p < 0.0011 chez les hommes 

ne fumant pas de cigarettes au debut de 

Iobser vation que chez ceun qui en fumaieni 

Cette difference est encore plus impression 

nante lorsqu'on ('examine en relation as ec 

les risques de cancer du poumon imputables 

au tabac days la population eeneralc 

Les donnees obtenues ict donnent a penser 

que le furnace persistant comporte un tac 

teur cut inhibe partiellement ('action car 

cino_gene des ethers chloromethclique s 

Resume d'auteu r 

2348019 

1 9

3405 ZusssMN H .M . 

Tobacco sensitivity in the allergic population 

: ■ review with results of 

desensitization with 10 4v whole leaf 

tobacco extract . 

Ann . Allergy, 1980, 45.5, p . 304-9 . 

Tobacco smoke sensitivity is seen in atopic 

patients who are nonsmokers . The specificity 

of tobacco sensitivity in 16 atopic patients 

is confirmed in this study by positive skin 

reactions, passive transfer, and gel diffusion 

studies. Further purification studies . using 

saline extracts of cured tobacco leaves have 

shown the active antigenic material in tobacco 

to be a gglvcoprotem . with molecular 

weight of 18 .00, The results of desensitization 

with 10 ov whole leaf tobacco extract 

in a larger series of 100 tobacco sensitive 

patients are discussed . The criteria 

for making the diagnosis of specific clinic 

tobacco sensitivity are outlined . 



PHARMACOLOG Y 

3405 Zussturi S .M . 

(En anglais) La senatbWte on tabac 

data une population allergique : rewe 

du problems et reaultats de do 

setalbWsatton avec 10 4s d'extralt de 

feuWe entlere de abac . 

Ann. Allergy, 1980 . 45-5, p . 304-9 . 

On observe une sensibilite a la fumee de 

tabac chez des patients atopiques . non-fu . 

meurs. La spectficite de cette sensibilite a 

ete confirmee chez seize d'entre eux dans 

la presente etude, par des examens de read 

tions cutanees (positifs) . de transfert passif 

et de diffusion dans un gel . Des etudes de 

purification plus poussees . a aide dex . 

traits salins de feuilles de tabac seche . 

revele que la substance antixenique active 

est une glvcoproteine de poids moleculaire 

18000. On evoque Its essais de desenbilisation. 

effectues sur 100 patients sensibles au 

tabac, a ('aide de 10 ao d'extrait de feuille 

entiere. On presente les criteres permenani 

d'etablir le diagnostic clinique de cette sen. 

sibilite . 

Extr. resume d'aureur . 

192 2348020

I 

REFERENCES SIGNALETIQUES 

PHYSICO-CHIMIE 


3406 AKITAALA N .. MoRI M .. KAro K . 

TITLE REFERENCES 

'C-NMR analysis of hydroxyproine 

arabtnosides from Ntcotlana tabacum . 

(En anglais) Analyse par NMR-"C des 

arabinosides d'hydroxyprollne de NIcotlana 

tabactnn . 

Agnc. biol. Chen' .. 1980, 44 .10, p . 2487- 

9 . 

3407 CHAS Q. . PARK I .C . 

(In Korean) A study on isolation . purification 

and pyrolvds of brown pigment 

macromolecules in tobacco leaf . 

(En careen) Etude sur I'Isolement . Is 

purification et Is pyrolyse des macromolecules 

de pigments bruns dans Is 

feuttle de tabac . 

Res. Bull. Kor. Tob . Res . Inst . . 1980 . 

2, p . 107-14 . 

(cf. abstr . 1645 ) 

3408 DASSO I ., GROS E .G ., CATTANEO P. 

(In Spanish) Acidic and sterol composition 

values of some Solanaceae 

seed oils. 

(En espagnol) Composition en actdes 

gras et sterols de certaines huiles 

de graines de Solanacees . 

Anal Asoc . Quinn. Argent .. 1980 . 68-2 . 

p . 109-1 7 

3409 FLESSELLES J . 

In French( Determination of moisture 

content in tobacco . 

Determination de Is teneur en eau 

du tabac . 

Tab. J nr .. 1981 1 . p. 15 . 21 .22 


3410 FRANCESCHI VA., HORNER H .T. 

Calcium oxaiate crystals in plants . 

(En anglais) Les crisis= d'oxalate de 

calcium cities lea plantes . 

Bot. Rev ., 1980, 46-4. p . 361-127 . 

3411 GOOD B .W., PARRISH M .E . . DOUGLAS D.R . 

Volatile phase profiling of mainstream 

smoke by glass capillary gaschro-matographic 

techniques . 

(En anglais) Etude de profits de la 

phase volatile du courant principal 

de fainter par des techniques de chromatographic 

gaseuse a colonne de 

verre capillsire . 

J. high . Resol. Chromat . Comm ., 1980 . 

3 .9. p . 447-51 . 

(cf . abstr . 2812 ) 

3412 HARLEM N .H .. CORES B .S .. Tso T .C . 

Polonium-210 in tobacco . 

(En anglais) Le polonium-210 dans le 

tabac. 

in Radioacttru< m Consumer Products 

R'aslnngion D .C . . 1978 . NUREG'CP-0001 

p . 199 .21o . 

3413 HECHT S .S . . CARNELLA S . HOFF\IA'' D 

Quantitative analysis of alkyl 2-hydroxy' 

2-cy'clopenten .tones in tobacco smoke . 

(En anglais' Analyse quantitative des 

alcoyl - 2 - hvdroxv-2 .ccyclopentene'lones 

dans is fumee de tabac . 

I Agr(e Food Coen : 1981 . 29 .2. P 401 . 

4 

2348021

3414 JOHNSON L .P ., McLEoo 3 .K ., PARRER C .W . 

& al . 

Quantttation of adenostne 3' :5 .cycllc 

monophosphate in cultured tobacco 

tissue by mass spectrometry . 

(En anglais) Dosage de )'adenosine 3' :S' 

cycllque monophosphate dams du tin 

su de tabac an culture, par spectra 

mettle de masse. 

FEBS Lett ., 1981, 124-I . p . 119-21 . 

3415 Kim C .H .. Sovc K.1 .. KIM SI . & al . 

(In Korean) Chemical composition of 

tobacco leaves . 

(En corder) Composition chimique 

des feullies de tabac . 

Res. Bull. Kor. Tob. Res. Inst ., 1980 . 

2, p. 15164 . 

3416 MARINI'BETTOLO G .B., NICOLETTI M ., 

PATAMIA C . & al . 

Plant screening by chemical and chromatognphic 

procedures under field 

conditions . 

(En anglais) Premier examen rapide 

des vegetaux par des methodes chlmiques 

et chromatographiques mists 

en muvre sur It champ. 

I. Chromat ., 1981, 213-1, p . 1136 . 

3417 MIYANO M . . MATSCSHITA H . . YASAMATSU 

N . & al . 


N'dsopropylnornlcotlne In burley tobacco 

(Nlcotiana tabacum) . 

(En anglais) N'4sopropylnornlcotine 

dans It tabac burley (Nicotiana tabs . 

CUM) . 

.4gric. biol. Chem .. 1979, 43, p . 2205 


194 

3418 MousDALE DMA . 

Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performaace 

Liquid chromatography of the 

plant bormones tndolyl-3acetic and 

absciaic acid. 

(En anglais) Chromatographic Bgulde 

a phase inverse at apparlement Ion. 

que, it haute performance . des hormoan 

vegetalea snide indolyl-3acetique 

at anide abscissique . 

1. Chromai ., 1981 . 2093, p . 489-93 . 

3419 ROSA N . . PANDEYA R .S . 

Estimation of tobacco chemical constituents 

by infrared reflectance spectroscopy 

. 

(En anglais) Estimation des composants 

chlmiques du tabac par spectroscople 

de reflectance dana 1'Infrarouge 

. 

Lighter/Briquet, 1981, 51-I, p . 17-21 . 

3420 SCHLOTZHAL'ER W .S . . MARTIN R .H .. SE- 

VERSON R .F. & al . 

Pyrolytic determinations of the effect 

of leaf composition on levels of cats 

chol and other smoke phenols . 

(En anglais) Determination pyrolvt4 

que de )'influence de Is composition 

de is feullle sur Its taux de catechol 

et d'autres phenols de is fumee . 

Tob . Chem. Res. Conf ., 1980, 34 . p 5 . 

abstr . 

3421 SE\'ERSON R .F ., MCDCFFIE K .L . . ARRE'- 

DALE R .F. & al . 

Rapid method for the analysts of tobacco 

nicotine alkaloids. 

(En anglaisi Methode rapide pour 

I'analvse des alcaloides du tabac assimiles 

it la nicotine . 

J. Chroomr ., 198) . 211.1, p . 111-2 1 

(cf. abstr . 1231 . 

2348022

3422 SLEGERS G . . CLAEYs A . 

lnstrumeoul neutron-activstion analy . 

sis of raw tobacco leaves Imported in 

the Belgian. usembourg Economic 

Union. 

(En anglais) Analyse par activation 

neutronique des feullles de abac M. 

titre premiere Importees data ITJnlon 

economique belgoluxembourgeolse . 

Meded. Ghent Rijksuniv. Fac. Land. 

bouuwet .. 1980. 45-3, p. 1139-48 . 

3423 SoNG B . . DAVIs D .L .. SONG C .M . 

Tobacco ionones : dehydration of alonol 

. 

(En anglais) Les lonones du abac 

deshydntatlon de 1'a-lonol . 

J. Agric. Food Chem ., 1980, 28-5, p . 997- 

1000. 

3424 WARLBERG I ., EKLUND A .M ., NISHIDA T . 

& al . 

Tobacco chemistry. 53. Two new nordrimanes 

from Greek tobacco . 

(En angiais) Chimle du tabac. 33 . 

Deux nouveaux nordrimanes du U. 

bac grec . 

Acra Chem . Scand., 1981 . B354, p . 307- 

10 . 

3425 ANON . 

Methods for determination of reduc. 

ing sugars and sucrose in tobacco and 

tobacco products . 

(En anglais Methodes de determination 

des sucres reducteurs et du sac. 

charose dens It tabac cc les products 

de tabac . 

Indian Stand . Inst ., 1978 . 8846 . 



195 


BIOCHEMISTRY-BIOLOG Y 

3426 BRL'NOID C ., ZRYD IF ., LAVANCHY P . 

Regulation of enzymes of assimilatory 

sulfate reduction in aerated cell suspension 

cultures of Nicotlana sylvestra 

. 

(En anglais) Regulation des enzymes 

reductrices du sulfate d'asslmilatlon 

dana lea cultures an suspension aerees 

de cellule de Nicotiana sylvestris. 

Plant Sci . Leas., 1981, 212. P. 167.74 . 

3427 BRYANT J .A . 

Biochemical aspects of DNA-replication 

with particular reference to plants . 

(En anglais) Aspects blochimiques de 

is replication du DNA aver une reference 

partlcullen aux planter . 

Biol. Rev .. 1980. 553, p . 237-84 . 

3428 DE CLEE .NE M., VAN MOLDERS R.. DL 

LEY J . 

Feulgen-DNA content and acid lability 

of nuclei from in vivo and in vitro 

normal, wound and crown gall tissue 

of Nicotiana tabacum . 

(En anglais) Teneur en DNA-Feulgen 

at IabWte acide des noyaux de tissus 

de Nicotiana tabacum normal, endommage 

Ott attest de crown-gall, In 

vivo et in vitro . 

Carvologia . 1980 . 33-2. p . 151 .76 . 

3429 DE VEccni L . 

Effect of 33(3 .4-dichlorophenyl)l .1d1methylurea 

on chloroplast ultrastructure 

of Nicotiana glutinosa and 

Zea mays. 

(En anglais Effet de Is 3,3(3,4dichloro . 

phenylll .l.dlmethyluree sur I'ultrastruc 

lure des chloroplastes de Nicotiana 

glutinosa et de Zea mays . 

Carvologm . 1980 . 3311 . p . 93-100 . 

2348023

3430 ERuAxov IF .. MoaozovA E .M ., KARVOV A 

DNA content in nuclei of male gameto 

phytes of some flowering plants . 

(En anglais) Teneur en DNA dans lea 

noysux des gametophytes miles de 

certain" plantes a fleurs. 

Dokl. Akad. Nauk., SSSR, 1980, 252/2 . 

p . 509-12 . 

3431 KATO A ., NAGAI S . 

Energetics of tobacco calls . Nicotlana 

tabacum L, growing on sucrose medium. 

(En anglais) Energetlque des cellulea 

de tabac, Nicotiana tabacum L ., poussant 

sur can milieu de saccharose . 

Eur. 1. app1. Microbial . Biotechnol ., 

1979, 7, p . 219 . 

3432 Kovno N ., MARUTA I ., SUGAHARA K . 

Effects of sulfite and pH on abscisic 

acid-dependent transpiration and on 

stomatal opening. 

(En anglais) Effete du sulfite at du 

pH sur Is transpiration dependant de 

1'acide abscisique. et sur I'ouverture 

des stomates . 

Plant Cell Phvsiol ., 1980. 21/5. p . 817 . 

28 . 

3433 KovsRi V ., HALASZ L. 

(In Hungarian) Development of a new 

plant growing medium for tobacco. 

(En hongrois) Miss: an point d'un nom 

veau milieu de culture pour Is plants 

de tabac . 

Dohanyipar, 1981 . 3, p . 107-1 0 

3434 SIGH V .. JAIN D .K . 


Organogenesis of flower in Nicotiana 

rustics . 

(En anglaisl L'organogenese florale 

chez Nlcollana rustics . 

Proc. Indian nail Set. Acad, Pt B 

1979, 45-6, p. 5716 . 


196 

3435 Sir H . 

Nlgericin-stimulated ATPese activity in 

mlerosomal vesicles of tobacco callus . 

(En anglais) Actlvtld de I'ATPase sth 

multi par Is ulgericine daps les veslcules 

mlcrosomlques de cal de tabac . 

Natl Acad. Sn. Proc., 1980, 77-10 . 

p . 5904-8 . 

3436 UEGAKI R ., FLILMORI T ., KANEKO H . & 

al . 

Phytuberin and phytuberol from Nicotlana 

tabscum cv . Samsun NN treat . 

ed with ethrel . 

(En anglais) Phytuberlne at phvtuberol 

de N. tabacuot cv. Samsun NN 

traits a I'ethrel . 

Phytochentistrv, 1980 . 19, p . 1543 . 

3437 WHITFIELn D .M . . CONNOR D .J . 

Penetration of photosynthetically ac . 

Live radiation into tobacco crops . 

(En anglais) Penetration des ravens 

photosynthetiquement actlfs dans les 

reaches de tabac . 

Aust . 1. Plant Phvstol ., 1980, 7i4, p 449- 

61 . 

GEN£TIQUE ET SELECTIO N 


3438 BERTINusox T .A ., HALE T .S ., WATERLIB 

W .C. & al . 

Breeding for blue mold resistance in 

Connecticut Valley cigar wrapper . 

IEn anelats) Selection genetique pour 

Is resistance au mildiou : tabac de 

cape clans la Vallee du Connecticu t 

290h Tob. hark . Conf ., Lexin¢tm : B : :,, 

51o(d Symp. Rep, 1981, 2, p . 77 .8 1 

2346024

3439 CFIALEFF R .S . 

Further characterization of plcloramtolerant 

mutants of Nicotiana tabs. 

(En anglais) Sur is caracteriatlon 

des mutants de Nlcottana tabacum 

capables at tolerer le plclorame . 

Theor. appl . Genet ., 1980, 52!2, p . 91-5 . 

3440 MENDEL R .R . 

Comparative affinity chromatography 

of nitrate reductase from wild-type 

and molybdenum cofactor-defective 

cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum . 

(En anglais) Chromatographle d'afflnite 

comparative de Is nitrate reductase 

de cultures cellulatres de Nicotlena 

tabacum de type auvage at de 

type a deficlence en cofacteur molybdenique 

. 

Biochem phvstoi . Pflanc . 1980, 175-3 . 

p . 216-27 . 

3441 NAGAO T . 

The development of breeding method 

through in vitro culture by the cell 

fusion of plants. 

(En anglais) Le developpement dune 

methode de selection an culture in 

vitro par fusion des cellules de plantea 

. 

Tissue Culr., 1979, 9, p . 316 . 

3442 NIELSEN M .T . 

When to expect a blue mold resistant 

variety. 

(En anglais) Quand esperer une varletd 

realatante an mlldlou. 

29th Tob . Work . Conf .. Lexington . Blue 

Mold Symp. Rep ., 1981 . 2. p . 40-2 . 

343 REED S .M . 


Interspecific hybridization in Nicotiana 

through in vitro culture of fertilized 

ovules . 

(En anglaisi Hvbridation interspecifique 

chef Nicotiana : ovules fertilises 

en culture in vitro . 

this Ahsi, in :., Sect. B, 1980. 41 2 . 

p 424B 

GENETIQUE ET SELECTIO N 

19" 

3444 SERAFINI FRACASSINI D ., BAGNI N ., TOR 

RIGIANI P . 

Nlcotlaus glauca x Nlcotlana lang.dorffll 

tumor hybrid : growth, morphology, 

polyaminea and nucleic acid 

in vitro. 

(En anglais) Hybrides ttamoraux de 

Nicotiana gigue.- x N. langsdorfftl : 

croissance, morphologic, polyamines et 

settle nueleique in vitro . 

Can. 1. Bat., 1980 . 58-21, p . 2285.93 . 

3445 SIVOLAP Y .M . 

Problems of genetic engineering in 

plant breeding . 

(En anglais) Problemes d'Ingenlerle 

genetique dans Is selection des vegetaux. 

Cytol. Genet . . 1979 . 13-5 . p . 71-9 . 

3446 SPURR H .W . 

Greenhouse technique for screening 

tobacco resistance to blue mold . 

(En anglais) Technique de culture en 

acre pour la selection de tabacs re 

sistants au mlldlou . 

29th Tob . Work. Conf.. Lexington . Blue 

Mold Symp. Rep. . 1981 . 2. p . 82 . 

3447 SREE RAMCLC K. 

On some factors influencing estimation 

of S-gene mutation rate . 

(En anglais) Sur certains facteurs in . 

fluengant I'estlmatlon du taux de mu 

tation du gene S . 

.4ss. Euratom-bat.. Incompatibiii: 

Ne, sl .. 1978, 10, p . 94.7 

3448 ANON . 

Breeding for quality . 

IEn anglaisl Selection genetique pour 

Is qualltd . 

Zmtbab,e Tob . Todas . 1981 . 4.2, p G' 

2 5 

2348025


AGRONOMY-GENERAL 

3449 AYCOCK M .K .. SKooc H .A ., MCKEE CG- 

& al . 

Performance of Maryland tobacco varieties 

and breeding lines, 1977 and 

1978 . 

(En anglais) Performances des ven& 

its at lignees de selection de tabac 

Maryland en 1977 et 1978 . 

Md Agric. Exp. Sin, misc . Publ ., 1979, 

948. 31 p . 

3450 BASAR S .A ., BASHIR S ., GASIM M. & al . 

Chemical characteristics of various 

grades of fluecured tobacco obtained 

from different areas of NorthWest 

Frontier Province . 

(En anglais) Caractenstiques chlmtqua 

de divers grades de tabac fluecured 

obtenu, Bans d ftrentes zones 

de In Province Frontalltre du Nord . 

Ouest . 

Pak . Tob ., 1980, 4-1, p . 23-5 . 

3451 BRADFORD G .L ., HALLARION 3 .L. . SHUF- 

FETT D .M. & al . 

3452 

Developing formulas for estimating 

burley tobacco ban construction costs. 

(En anglais) Mile so point de formules 

pour esttmer la costs de cony 

traction des stcholn it tabac burley. 

Tob. int ., 1981, 183-10, p . 83-6 . 

Tob. Sci., 1981. XXV, p . 48-51 . 


(In Bulgarian) Varieties and hybrids 

of Virginia tobacco suitable for leaf 

manual or mechanised harvesting . 

(En bulgare) Varietes et hybndes de 

tabac de Virglnie convenant a Is cueib 

lette en feullles manuelle ou a Ia machine 

. 

Buig. Tjui jun . 1981, 26-4. p. 16.22 . 

198 

3453 CoLLINS W.K . 

Cultural practices increase nicotine 

content of US flue-cured leaf . 

(En anglais) Les pratlques culturales 

augtoenteat Is teneur en nicotine des 

foul es de tabac flue-cured US . 

Tabak J. int., 1981, 4, p . 32830 . 

3454 DowNS RJ . 

Phytotrons. 

(En anglais) Les phytotrons. 

Bot. Rev., 1980, 46-4, p . 447 .89 . 

3455 EDEY S .N . 

Climatic conditions in tobacco grow- 

Ing areas, Canada . 

(En anglais) Les conditions climat4 

qua dean les rtgtona tabacoles du 

Canada. 

Lighter/Briquer, 1981, 51 .2, p . 36-7 . 

3456 FLESSELLES J . 

(In German) Tobacco terminology . 

(En allemand) La terminologie du tabac. 

Tabak Zeii ., 1981, 40, p. 6. 

3457 HAEIN P . 

Results of Virginia experiments in 

France, 1980 . 

(En anglais) Resultats des essals de 

Virginia en France, an 1990 . 

Tabak J. inc. 1981, 4, p . 270.3 . 

3458 LAZAREN! A . 

(In Albanese) Observations on some 

new tobacco varieties : their product . 

ivity, quality and disease resistance . 

(En albanaisi Observations sur quel' 

ques nouvelles varietes de tabac, du 

point de rue de leur producticite, de 

leur quallte at de lour resistance aux 

maladies . 

Bul. Shkencave Bu)gsore . 1980. 19 .3, 

p. 8390 . 

2348026

3459 MARKS C .F . 

Research and tobacco utilization . 

(En anglais) La recherche at 1'utWaation 

du tabac . 

LighterlBrtquet, 1981 . 51 .2. p. 5.9 . 

3460 PECIJARESKI D ., NAJ005KI J ., SMOKVOSKI 

M . 

(In Serbo-Croatian) Chemical character. 

istics of Prilep tobacco variety produc . 

ed In conditions of water irrigation . 

(En serbocroate) Caracttristiques chirniques 

de Is varlett de tabac Prilep 

cultlvte daps des conditions d'Irr1gatlon 

. 

Turun . 1980 . 30-7/8, p . 41-51 . 

3461 SCHMIDT J .A . 

(In German) New knowledge In tobac. 

co production and activity in tobacco 

research. 

(En allemand) Nouvelles comtlaaances 

an culture du Lebec at activltb 

de Is recherche tabscole . 

Desch . Tabakbau, 1981, 61-19, p . 238-40 . 

3462 SINOH AN .. KORI S .. PANIKAR S .N . 

The production, marketing and menu . 

facture of tobacco and tobacco products. 

(En anglais) Production. marchd et 

fabrication du tabac at products de 

tabac . 

Indian Tob. l., 1980, 12-2, p . 315 . 

3463 STOCKS J . 


Characteristics of the popular var 

letles . 

(En anglais) Caraneristlques des va . 

rietes populaires. 

Zimbabwe Tob. Today . 1981 . 44. p . 7- 

9 

AGRONOMIE-GENERALITES 

199 

3464 SULLIVAN S .L . 

University of Kentucky - Centre for 

tobacco research . 

(En anglais) L'Universitt du Kentucky 

- Centre de recherche sur It 

ubac . 

Tabak J. int., 1981, 4, p . 33&9 . 

3465 VALY A . 

(In Hungarian) A new variety candidate 

for State homologation : variety 

Virginia g0 . 

(En hongrois) Une nouvelle variety 

candidate it Ihomologatlon d'Etat 

Is varittt Virginia 80 . 

3466 ANON . 

Dohanytpar, 1981, 3, p . 1013 . 

(In French) Results of the Virginia 

tobacco trials in 1980 . 

3467 ANON . 

Rtsultats des essais de Vtrglnle, 1980 . 

Volt Cult .. 1981. 398, p . 7-12 . 

(In French) Some general guidelines 

for burley tobacco production . 

Queiques prtncipe gdneraux de Is 

production de tabac type burley . 

3468 ANON . 

Vorr Cult ., 1981 . 403 . p . 15-6 . 

(In French) Tobacco-milk association 

In a Sarladais farm . 

Association tabac-ialt dans une exploitation 

du Sarladais . 

Vol, Cult ., 1981 . 403, p . 21-3 . 

2348027

AGRONOMIE-FERTILISATIO N 

AGRONOMY-FERTILIZATION 

3469 CHACDHRY G .A . . CHALDHRY N .H ., FAREED 

M. & al . 

Effect of different rates of potash on 

yield and quality of fluecured tobacco. 

(En anglais) Influence de differentes 

dose de potasse sur Is rendement at 

Is quallte du tabac fluecvred. 

Pak. Tob ., 1980, 4 .1 . p . 21-2 . 

3470 DE Roo H .C . 

Nitrate fluctuations in ground water 

as influenced by use of fertilizer . 

(En anglais) Fluctuations des nitrates 

dans 1'eu du sol en fonction de 1'emplot 

de fertWsants . 

Conn. agric. Exp. Sin, New Haven 

Bull. . 1980, 779, 13 p . 

3471 DIAs NOGCETRA F ., FERREIRA DE NovAIs 

R . . BEGAZO J .C .E .O . 

(In Portuguese) NPK nutrition of tobacco 

(Nicotiana tabacum) in sous at 

Mate, Minas Gerais . 11. Organic compounds 

content of leaves. 

(En portugais) Nutrition NPK du ubac 

dam lea sole de Mau, au Minas 

Gerais . 11. Composts organiques des 

feullles . 

Rev . Ceres .. 1980. 27152, p . 329-40 . 

3472 HAGEMAN R .H . 


Effect of form of nitrogen on plant 

growth . 

(En anelaisi Influence des formes 

d'a:ote sur la croissance vegetale . 

Ant Soc Agrmt .. spec Pub! ., 1980 . 

38, p. 4762 . 

200 

3473 JURGENS G . 

(In German) Nitrogen and complete 

fertilizer (NPK) with reinforced K to 

tobacco production . 

(En allemand) Engrala arotd et engrais 

complet (NPK) rentorce an K, dens 

Is culture du tabac . 

Ditch. Tabakbau, 1981, 615, p. 49 .50 . 

3474 KAMPE W . 

(In German) Nitrogen fertilization and 

health. 

(En allemand) la fertilisation azotte 

at Is sante humalne. 

Ditch. Tabakbau, 1981 . 615. p . 51-2 . 

3475 MARTIN K .H . 

(In German) Control methods for the 

field irrigation of tobacco . 

(En allemand) Methodes pour rdguler 

l'inigation du tabac en champ . 

Duch . Tabakbau, 1981, 61 .10, p . 117.8 . 

3476 RAsp H . 

(In German) Sol] investigation and 

fertilization in Palatinate tobacco pro 

duction . 

(En allemand) Examen at fertilisation 

des sols a tabac dans le Palatlnat . 

Ditch . Tabakbau . 1981, 61.2, p . 144 . 

3477 SRIVASTA'+ P .R .. Scaat RAo D . 

Effect of different sources and method 

of application of phosphorus on the 

chemical quality of cigar wrapper 

tobacco. 

(En analais) Influence de different" 

sources et methodes d'application du 

phosphore sur Is qualite chimique du 

tabac de cape pour cigars . 

Rib A'a: Symp. Tob., Ra)ahmundr . 

1981, p . 74 . absir . 

2348028 

I

3478 TAKAHASHI Y ., MAEHARA T., Tsczun K . 

(In Japanese) Influence of low nitro 

gen level and plant density on tobac . 

co productivity and smoking quality 

of cured lava. 

(En japonais) Influence de 1albles doses 

dame et de Ia denalte de Is 

plantation sur Is productivitt tabacole 

et Is quallte de fu-age des feuilles 

sechees . 

3479 ANON . 

Crop Sci. Soc. 1pn, Kyushu Branch, 

1980, 47, p . 21 .2 . 

(In German) Phosphate fertilisation of 

soils well provided with phosphate . 

(En allemand) Fertilisation an phosphate 

des wit blen pourvus en phosphate 

. 

Desch . Tabakbau, 1981 . 61-10, p . 119-20 . 

AGRONOMIE- 

PRATIQUES CULTURALE S 


3480 BAIER J . 

(In German) As Is the seed Is the 

harvest. Sowing methods in tobacco 

production. 

(En allemand) Telle semence, tells rtcolte. 

Methodes d'ensemencement du 

tabac . 

Tabakpflan„ Oester .. 1981, 32-82, p . 7 . 

3481 CAMPBELL C .R .. CHAPLIN JF., JOHNSON 

W .H 8: al . 

Close-grown tobacco : yield . alkaloids 

and sugar content by stalk position . 

(En anelais) Tabac en culture dense : 

rendement, alcaloides et taux de sucre 

en fonction de I'etage foliaire . 

.4L'roq J . . 1980. 72 6 p . 92932 


AGRONOMIE .PRATIQUES CULTURALES 

201 

3482 CousiNs L . 

Early season weed control is essential . 

(En anglais) Lt desherbage chlmlque 

precoce at essentiel . 

Zimbabwe Tob. Today, 1981, 4-7, p . 33- 

5. 

3483 GARVIN It 

Topping and suckering for maximum 

yield and quality . 

(En anglais) Ecimage et ebourgeonnement 

pour un rendement et one qua. 

llte mudmums . 

Zimbabwe Tab . Today, 1980, 3 .11 . p II 

3 . 

3484 GEYER J . 

(In German) Cost reduction through 

compost preparation . 

(En allemand) Reduction des coots 

dam to preparation du compost . 

Tabakpflan,. Oester ., 1981 . 3282 . Ti . 4.5 . 

3485 LAMARRE M . 

(In French) Application of suckercide 

on cigar wrapper tobacco . 

Application de drageonnicides au is . 

bac a cigars. 

Lighter/Briquet . 1981, 51-2, p . 15 . 7 

3486 LLNSFORD J .N . 

Weed control in tobacco . 

(En anglais) Le desherbage du tabac . 

Go Univ . Coop. Ext. Sen . Bull . 1980 

830, 6 p . 

3487 MARTZ' 1 .R . . HERRON 1 . K 

Chemical control of weeds in farm 

crops in Kentucky . 1981 . 

(En anglau) Desherbage chimique des 

cultures dans I. Kentucky. 1981 . 

Nv Ciii Coop. Est Serv .. 1980 a8 

p . 222930 . 

2348029 

1

3488 MIELE S . 

(In Italian) Principal agronomic ar 

pacts of cultural yractlcas for tobac . 

co production in Toscana. 

(En italien) Principaua aspects des 

praliques cultunles pour Is produc . 

tion du labile an Toaxame . 

In/. agrar ., 1981 . 37-8, p. 6 .8 . 

3489 PAPENFvs H . 

Sowing rate, mulching and dates of 

seedbeds for dry-land crop . 

(En anglais) Denslte d'ensemencement . 

patllage et date de confection des semis 

pour Is culture du tabac en region 

seche . 

Ztmbabtre Tob . Today, 1981, 4-4 . p . 13- 

21 . 

3390 PEEGI .s G . 

Fluecured tobacco : how to grow 

plants under perforated plastic. 

(En anglais) Le tabac fluecured 

comment cultiver leg planter sous 

plastique perfore . 

Prog. Farmer, 1980, 95. p. 1, 4 . 

3491 PooeeR M ., DE Rmos C . 

(In French) Chemical weed control of 

tobacco fields . 

Le desherbage chfmlque des plants. 

lions de tabac . 

Phytoma-DE/ . Cult., 1980, 321, p. 12.3 . 

3492 ' IJPCHLRCH W . 

Plantbeds - a year-round job . 

(En anelaist Les couches de semis - 

un travail pour route l'annee. 

Pro¢ Fanner, 1980 . 9512. P . 3 . 

3493 SCHIPFER L . 


On German) Seedbed sterilization . 

(En allemande Disinfection des semis . 

Tahak pllanc Oesier . 1981 32-82 . p 6 


202 

3494 

PATHOLOGIE-PARASITE S 


ANOREws K .L. 

Wboriworm, Spodopten frugiperda . in 

Central America and neighborin g 

(En anglais) Spodoptera frugiperda en 

Antique Centrale et dans les regions 

voisines. 

Fla Entomoi., 1980, 63-4, p . 456-67 . 

3495 BOLSE L .F . . CARLTOS J .B., JasEs S .L. s 

at . 

Broadcast aerial release of an egg 

parasite for lepidopterous Insect con . 

trol . 

(En anglais) LAcher par epandage 

aerlen d'un parasite des exult Bans 

It cadre de la lutte contre Its lepidopteres. 

Trans. Am. Soc. agric. Eng ., 1980 . 23-6 . 

p . 1359-63 . 

3496 CHOL' W .S . 

(In Chinese) Insect growth regulators 

from plant origin . 

(En chinois) Regulateun de croissan 

ce des Insectes, d'origlne vegetate . 

Acta Bot . Sin .. 1981 . 23.2 p. 153.61 . 

3497 GETaIN L .W . 

Degradation of chlompvrlfos In soils : 

influence of autoclaving . soil moisture 

and temperature . 

(En anglais) Degradation du chlorpv . 

rifos clans Its sols : influence de 

1'autoclavage . de 1'humidite du sol et 

de la temperature. 

I. econ . Enromol .. 1981, 74.2 [8 

622 . 

2348030

I 

PAT HOLOGI E-PARASITES 

3498 GODSE D .B ., PATIL R .B . 3503 Pupp F .W. Jr . 

Residual activity of nuclear poly. 

hedrosis virus of tobacco caterpilla r 

(Spodopten Mural after rains . 

(En anglais ) Activlte residuelle d u 

virus de Is polyhedron nuclealre d e 

Spodoptera Iltun aprts Is pule . 

Indian 1 . MrcrobioL, 1979, 19 .2, p . 85-6 . 

3499 GooDPASTCRE C ., RICHARD R .D ., MARTI N 

D . & al . 

Toxicity of synthetic pyrethrolds to 

laboratory and field populations o f 

the tobacco budworm In Central 

Texu. 

(En anglais) Toxicite des pyrtthroide s 

synthetiques via-avls des populations 

de Heliothis vlrescm de labontoire 

et de champ dais Is Texas Central . 

1 . e con . Entomol., 1981, 74-2, p . 207- 9 . 

Sperm cell abnormalities in progeny 3504 SAIAAaA H .S ., SHARABY A .F . 

from intenpecific crosses between Hellothis 

virescens and H. subflexa. 

(En anglais) Anomalies des cellules 

spermiques chez lea descendants d e 

crotsements tnterspeclfiques entre Ha 

llothis virescens et H . subfleza . 

Ann. Entamoi. Sac. Am ., 1980, 73 .5, 

p . 529-32 . 

3500 HL'SSAINI S .S . . ABDUL WAJID S .M . 

Weed hosts of tobacco isolate of not 

knot nematode (Meloldogyne Incognlta) 

in Hunsur tract. 

(En anglais) Planes adventlces, hates 

de 17solat tabac de Meloldogyne Incognita 

dens Is region d'Hunsur . 

/Vrh Na,. Svmp. Tab., Rajahmundry, 

1981, p. 61, abstr . 

3301 JOSHI B .G ., SITARAAIAIAH S ., SATYANA- 

Natural enemies of Spodoptera Btura 

and Mvzus persicae on fluecured tobacco 

in Andhra Pradesh . 

(En anglais) Ennemis naturels de Spodoptera 

Iltura et Myzus perslcae sur 

tabac fluecured dens l'Andhra Pradesh 

. 

Sc, Cu), ., 1979, 45-6. p. 2512 . 

3502 MCKEE CA . 

Pesticides for tobacco . .. 1981 . 

(En anglais) Des pesticides pour It 

tabac en 1981 . 

Tob 1 'texts Neu s . 1981. 2, 4 p . 


203 

Ef ficiency of algae as a protein sourc e 

In diet for rearing insects. 

(En anglais) Efficactte des algue s 

comme source proteique daps fall . 

mentatlon d'elevage des Insectes . 

Z. angew. Enromol . . 1980, 90.4, p . 329 - 

32 . 

3505 SHAW M . 

Insecticides - Money well spent . 

(En anglais) Ics insecticides, de l'argent 

blen depense . 

Zimbabwe Tab. Today. 1981, 4-7, p . 9 . 

15 . 17 . 

3506 SITARAMAIAH S ., RAMAPRASAD G . 

Studies on the biology of Coranus 

sptnlsurtls at C. articapillus (Reduvidae-Heteroptera) 

on Spodoptera Iltura 

from India. 

(En anglais) Etudes sur Is biologic 

de Coranus spWsurtls et C . arttcapth 

lust (ReduvldeeaHNeropteres) sur Spa 

doptera Btura en Inde . 

IVth Na,. Svmp. Tob., Rajalnnundrv . 

1981 . p. 69, abstr. 

3507 ZIPAGAN D.T .. MASIPIQUENA M .D . 

Control of pests and disease studies . 

(En anglais) Lutte contre les Insectes 

et etudes sur Its maladies du tabac . 

NSDB Tectmol. J .. 1980, 5-2, P . 17.25 . 

I



3508 ALLINGHAM E .A ., GRANETTA L.. SMITH 

E .C . 

A system for exposing plants for 

short periods to large concentrations 

of hydrogen fluoride gas. 

(En anglais) Un systeme d'exposltlon 

des plantes pendant de coupes pt . 

Modes a de tones concentrations de 

fluonsrc d'hydrogene . 

Phytoparhology. 1981 . 71 .8, p. 877, abstr . 

3509 ARNETT J .D . 

Blue mold control methods . 

(En anglais) Methodes de Julie contre 

Is mldiou . 

29th Tob. Work. Conf ., Lexington, Blue 

Mold Symp . Rep., 1981, 2, p . 37 .9. 

3310 BLRGYAN J ., KLEMENT Z . 

Early induced selective inhibition of 

Incompatible bacteria in tobacco 

plants. 

(En anglais) Inhibition selective et 

pracote des batteries incompatibles 

daps leg plantes de tabac . 

Phvropathol. Medirerr ., 1979. 18, p 153- 

61 . 

3511 CAMPBELL C .L ., PoWELL N .T . 


Progression of disease induced by 

soilborne pathogens : tobacco black 

shank . 

(En anglais) Progression des maladies 

dues aux pathogenes du sol : Ph, 

tophthors parasitica var . nicotianae. 

Pro :. Ecol. . 1980 . 2 .3 p 18998 

3512 CstNos AS , 

Seedbed application of Rldomll for 

blue mold control . 

(En anglais) Application de Rldomll 

scar semis poor )utter contra It mil . 

diou . 

29th Tob. Work. Conf ., Lexington. Blue 

Mold Symp . Rep., 1981, 2, p. 924 . 

3513 DAVIS J .M ., BRUCK R .I .. MAIN C .E. & 

al . 

The tobacco blue mold epidemic of 

1980. 

(En anglais) L'tplddmle de mildiou du 

tabac en 1980 . 

Phvtopathology, 1981, 713, p . 560. abstr . 

3514 DEALL M . 

Disease control . Methods of application 

are most important . 

(En anglais) Lutte contre Its maladies . 

its methodes d'application soot tres 

Importantes. 

Zimbabwe Tob . Today, 1981, 4-7, p . 39- 

41 . 

3515 EVERSMEYER M .G ., KRAMER C .L . 

Comparison of spore concentrations 

measured by single and multiple samplers 

. 

(En anglais) Comparaison des concen. 

trations en spores mesurees par echam 

tlllonneurs simples ou multiples . 

Phrroparhology, 1981 . 71-8, p . 873 . abs :r 

3516 FERRISS R .S . 

Soil pasteurization by microwave oven 

treatment . 

(En anglaist La pasteurisation du sol 

par traitement clans un four a micro 

ondes . 

Phcroparholog, . 1981, 71.8, p 873 abstr

3517 FORTNUM B .A ., CURRIN R.E . 

Effectiveness of fungicides for blue 

mold control in the plant bed and 

field . 

(En anglais) Effludte des fonglcides 

pour lutter contre It mildlou cur se, 

must et an champ . 

29th Tob . Work. Con! .. Lexington, Blue 

Mold Svmp . Rep., 1981, 2 . p . 97-100 . 

3518 FORTNUM B .A . . CURRIS R .E . 

Response of fluecured tobacco cu] 

tlvan to blue mold. 

(En anglais) Reaction au mldlou des 

cultivars de tabac luecured . 

29th Tab . Work . Con! . . Lexington . Blue 

.Mold Svmp . Rep . . 1981 . 2. p. 83-5 . 

3519 GONZALEZ-LOPEZ J . . RHODES-ROBERTS 

M .E . . PATON A .M . i at . 

Selective activity of benzosuoie brightener 

against phytopathogenic bacteria. 

(En anglais) Activite selective de I'azurent 

optique benzoxazole via-a-vis des 

batteries phytopathogenes . 

1, app). Bacterial ., 1981, 50-2, p . 319- 

34 . 

3520 Goss G .R .. JOSHI M .M . . HILLEBRENNER 

S .N . 

Antagonism of Rhizoctonia solanl by 

Trichoderma harztartum in two soils . 

(En anglais) Antagonisms de Trichoderma 

harzlanum visa-vls de Rhizoc . 

tonla solanl dana deux types at sol. 

Phvtopathologv . 1981 . 71-8 . p. 877, abstr . 

3521 HARMA\ G .E . . CHET I . . BAKER R . 

Factors affecting Trichoderma hams . 

tuns applied to seeds as a blocontrol 

agent . 

(En anrlam Facteurs affectant 1'efficacite 

at Trichoderma hamatum applique 

aux semences comma agent 

de lutte blologique. 

Phvtopathologv, 1981 . 716. p. 56972 . 



205 

3522 HARTMANN H ., SUTTON J .C . . THL'RTELL 

G .W . 

An apparatus for control of atmospheric 

potentials in studies of Pero 

nospora parsstlca and other loiter 

pathogens . 

(En anglais) Apparel pour mesurer 

lea potentials atmospheriques lore des 

etudes cur Peronospora parasttlca et 

autres pathogens des feulles . 

Phvtopathologv, 1981, 71-5 . p. 561, absir . 

3523 IZOL'IERDO TASuYO A . . MUNoz NOLL'ER A 

C . 

(In Spanish) Molds which develop during 

tobacco fermentation in Spain . 

(En espagnol) Molsissures se developpant 

pendant Is fermentation du is . 

bac en Espagne . 

An. Inst . nac. Invest. agrar ., Ser . .4grzc . . 

1980. 13, p . 161-7 . 

(cf. abstr . Tokyo P023 ) 

3524 IZOuIERDo TAMAY0 A ., MuNoz NOGUER.A 

C ., MORENO GONZALEZ V . 

(In Spanish) Molds which develop U. 

tobacco barns in Spain. 

(En espagnoll Molsissurea se develop . 

pant clans lea sechoirs 9 tabac en Es 

pagne . 

An. Inst. noc . Invest . agrar., Ser. Agnc . . 

1980, 13, p . 169-74. 

3525 JouNsoN It 

(cf. Bull . 1978-I . p . 24 ) 

Durable resistance definition of . 

genetic control, and attainment in 

plant breeding . 

(En anglais) Resistance durable : de 

finition. maitrise genetique et obtenlion 

par Is selection . 

Ph, topaz holoer . 1981, 71 .6. p . 567-8 . 

2348033 

11

3526 KENNEDY P .C ., TAYLOR I .B . 

Blue mold control in flue-cured tobacco 

seedbeds with metalaxyl . 

(En anglais) Lutte contra It mlldlou 

scar semis de tabac nut-cured a I'eide 

du metalaxyl. 

29th Tob . Work. Cont., Lexington, Blue 

Mold Symp. Rep., 1981, 2, p . 95-6 . 

3527 KENNEDY P .C ., TAYLOR I .B . 

Blue mold control in flue-cured tobacco 

with metalaxyl . 

(En anglais) Lutte contra It mildiou 

Sur tabac flue-cured a 1'alde du me. 

taiaxyl . 

29th Tob . Work. Conf., Lexington. Blue 

.Mold Symp . Rep .. 1981, 2. p . 10&9 . 

3528 KHAN A .N .A ., SHE'rTY K.S., PAUL R .B . 

Occurrence of bacterial wilt of chill 

In Karnataka and its relationship to 

the wilts of other solanaceous crops. 

(En anglais) Le fletrissement bacterien 

du polvre au Karnataka at sa 

relation avec . ]as fletrtssements d'autres 

cultures de Solanacees. 

Indian Phyropathol ., 1979, 324, p . 507- 

12 . 

3529 KHAN' M .A . 

Tobacco disuses . 

(En anglais) Its maladies du tabac . 

Pak . Tob. . 1980, 0.1, p. 7.9 . 

3530 KLCHAREK T . 


Impact of weather variables on tobacco 

blue mold during 1980 In Flori 

da . 

(En anglais) Impact des variables 

meltorologiques sur le mildlou du ta . 

bac en 1980 en Flortde . 

29th Tob Work . Co .,! . Lexington. Blue 

Mold Symp . Rep . . 1981 . 2, p . 68.9 . 


206 

3531 KUCHAREK T. 

Temperature and moisture require, 

ments for the blue mold disease of 

tobacco caused by Peronospora tabs . 

clna . 

(En anglais) Temperature et humidite 

requises pour It developpement du 

mildlou dd it Peronospora tabecina . 

29th Tob . Work. Cont .. Lexington . Blue 

Mold Symp . Rep., 1981. 2. p. 2932 . 

3532 LUCAS G .B . 

Blue mold resistance of European blue 

mold trap collection and selected U .S. 

cultivars tested in 1980. 

(En anglais) Resistance au mildlou des 

cultivars de I'assortimenupiege europeen 

et de ceux testes aux USA en 

1980 . 

29th Tob .,Work . Conf., Lexington. Blue 

Mold Svmp. Rep., 1981, 2, p. 756 . 

3533 McKEE C .G . 

Control of blue mold in tobacco beds 

in 1981 . 

(En anglais) Lutte contra It mildlou 

Sur semis en 1981 . 

Tob. Views News, 1981 . 1, 2 p . 

3534 MORTON H .V. 

Rldornll, new 

disuses. 

fungicide for tobacc o 

(En anglais) Le R1domll, nouveau for . 

gicide pour les maladies du tabac . 

29th Tob . Work . Cont., Lexington Blue 

Mold Svmp . Rep., 1981, 2 . p . 33-e 

3535 NESMITH K .C . 

Studies on over-wintering of tobacco 

blue mold in Kentucky . 

(En anglais) Etudes sur la sunirance 

hlvernale du mildlou du tabac dans 

It Kentucky . 

29th Tob Work Co .,! .. Lexi,cto: B ::,, 

Mold Svmp . Rep.. 1981, 2 . p . 45 . 0 

2348034

3536 NESMITH W .C . 

Field tests for blue mold control in 

Kentucky . 

(En anglais) Essals de lutle an champ 

contre It mtldlou. dans Is Kentucky . 

29th Tob . Work. Con! ., Lexington, Blue 

Mold Svmp . Rep., 1981. 2, p . 105-7 . 

3537 NtsHiMCRA K ., TANAKA Y . 

(In Japanese) Effect of streptomycin 

on development of streptomycin tealstent 

Isolates of Pseudomonas tabacl 

and Pseudomonas angulata . 

(En japonais) Influence its Ia streptomycine 

sur It developpement d'isotats 

de Pseudomonas tabaci et P. angutata 

resistants is cette substance . 

Kyushu agric . Res., 1980, 42, p . 55 . 

3538 PATRICK Z .A., SINGH H . 

Studies of the blue mold disease of 

fluecured tobacco in Ontario : the 

oospore stage. 

(En anglais) Etudes sur Is mlldiou du 

tabac fluecured dans t'Ontario : Is 

stade oospore. 

29th Tob . Work . Cont., Lexington, Blue 

Mold Symp. Rep.. 1981, 2, p . 47-61 . 

7539 SPURR H .W . 

Peronospora, the pathogen . 

(En anglais) Peronospora. It pathogene 

. 

29th Tob . Work . Cont . Lexington, Blue 

Mold Svmp . Rep., 1981, 2, p . 26-8 . 

3540 TAwta Y . 

(In Japanese) Effectiveness of carboxtn 

for controlling stem rot of tobacco . 

lEn )aponaisl Efflcacite de Is carboxi . 

ne pour maitriser Is pourriture raci . 

naire du tabac . 

Proc. Ass. Plant Prot . . Kyushu . 1980 

26, p . 67 .9 . 


PATHOLOGIE-MALADIES 

207 

3541 TANAKA Y ., NISHIMURA, K ., FCKu'DOME N . 

& al . 

(In Japanese) Pathogenicity of Paeudomonas 

angulsta to tobacco and 

other plants . 

(En japonais) Pathogenicite de Pseu . 

domonas angulata v1s-e .v1s this tabac 

et d'outres plantes. 

Kyushu agric . Res ., 1980. 42, p . 54 . 

3542 TAYLOR G .S ., AYUoR D.E . 

Weather and blue mold in Connect) . 

cut . 

(En anglais) Meteorologic et tnlldiou 

dans It Connecticut . 

29th Tob . Work . Cant., Lexington . Blue 

Mold Symp . Rep., 1981, 2 . p . 26 .8 . 

3543 TODD F .A . 

Tobacco field blue mold control 

burley . 

(En anglais) Lutte contre It mildiou 

en champ de burley . 

N .C. State Univ . Raleigh . Agric. Ext . 

Serv ., 1980, 213. 14 p . 

3544 TODD F .A . 

Blue mold story . 

(En anglais) Hlstolre du mlidlou . 

29th Tob . Work. Cont., Lexington . Blue 

Mold Svmp. Rep ., 1981 . 2, p . 9 .25 . 

3545 TODD F .A . 

Results of plant bed and field test 

for control of blue mold in North 

Carolina . 

IEn anglaisl Resultats d'essais sur se 

mis et en champ dans Is Imte contre 

It mlldlou en Caroline du Nord . 

29th Tub tl'ork. Con' .. Lexmgrou Blue 

tlold Srrnp . Rep.. 1981, 2. p. 1014 . 

1 

I

I 

I 

3556 MATTHEws R .E .F . 

Host plant responses to virus Infection . 

(En anglais) Reactions des plants-h6 

its aux Infections vlrales. 

Compr. Viral., 1980, 16, p . 297-359 . 

3557 MERNAUGH R .L ., GARDNER W .S .. Yocou 

K .L . 

ThreeAlmensIonal structure of pinwheel 

inclusions as determined by 

analytic geometry . 

(En anglais) Structure tAdmenslon 

netle des inclusions en tome de roue 

a fuseaux. determine. par geometric 

analytique . 

Virologc, 1980, 106/2, p . 273-81 . 

3558 TALLEI J ., WARREN F .H .J .B ., TORR.WCE 

L. & al . 

Simple kit for detection of plant v4 

ruses by the latex serological lest . 

En anglais) Materiel Simple et transportable 

pour I. detection des virus 

vegetaux par It ten at serologic au 

latex . 

Plant Parhol., 1980, 29 .2, p . 77-9 . 

3559 UEGAKI B . . FUJIMORI T ., KANExo H. & 

al . 

Phvruberol, from Nicotiana rustics 

Inoculated with tobacco mosaic virus. 

En anglais) Phytuberol provenant de 

Nicotuna rustics Inocule par TMV, 

Phviochemisny, 1980. 19, p. )229. 

3560 Y0sH1z ;K1 T . 

Recoverv of Infectious TMV from a 

single aphid by the use of bentonite . 

En anglaisl Recuperation du TMV 

infectitux a partir d'un soul puceron 

en utlilsant de Is bentonlte , 

Ann phv'ropmhol Sac Jpn 1980, 46-4 

2 464-70 . 


TECHNOLOGIE .AGRICOL E 

209 

TECH NOLOGI E-AGRICOLE 

TECHNOLOGY-AGRJCULTURE 

3561 BUTCHAIAH S .K . 

Flue-owing and Its effect on quality 

of leaf in flue-ured tobacco . 

(En anglais) Le aechage t fair chaud 

at son influence sur Is quatite des 

feullles de ubac abut aechees . 

Tob. News, India. 1991, 4.8, p . 5-8 . 

3562 PENNACCHI F . . SEOIARI T . 

(In Italian) Some considerations on 

the operating costs of tobacco hat 

vesters . 

(En italien) Quelques considerations 

sur lea .outs operatotres des machi . 

nes a recolter Is tabac . 

Ann. Perugia Unrr, Fac . .4grar .. 1979 . 

33, p . 631-44 . 

3563 PENNACCRI F., SEDIARr T . 

(in Italian) Important turning point 

In the process of tobacco production . 

(En italieni Tournant important dens 

le processus de production du tabac . 

Ann. Perugia Univ. Fac . .4grar .. 1979, 

33, p. 64540. 

3564 KAUSCHEOER A . 

In German) Harvesting aid for priming 

sand leaves : a step toward mechanised 

stalk harvesting . 

(En allemande Porte-cueflleur pour in 

cuelllette des feuilles de sable : tine 

slept vets Is recolle mecaniset en II' 

ties . 

3565 A~o\ . 

Tabakp(lmrz . Oestec . 1981, 32 .82, p . 8 . 9 

Harvester for tobacco pianibeds. 

tEn anRlaist Machine A recolter Its 

plantules sur semis . 

Prot Fanner . 1980 . 9512, p 16 . 

2348037

3575 MCRAMATSU M .. U .MEMURA S ., OHTA K . 

& at . 

Studies on the natural smouldering 

of cigarettes. V. Thermal analysis of 

tobacco on a view point of kinetic 

approach . 

(En anglais) Etudes sur is combua 

tlon naturelle des cigarettes. V. Ans. 

lyre thermique du tabac : approahe 

clnetique . 

Netsusokutei, 1979 . 6. p. 137 . 

3576 PROCTER P . 

Thoughts on using directly reconstituted 

tobacco . 

(En anglais) Refiexlons sur I'emploi 

de tabac directement reconstitue . 

tiorld Tob . . 1981. 73, p . 67-70 . 


Green leaf threshing has come to stay. 

(En anglais) Le battage an Vert est 

Ict pour dearer . 

World Tob., 1981, 71, p . 73-6 . 


What future for green leaf threshing ? 

(En anglais) Quel at 1'avenir du bat . 

tage en Vert ? 

World Tob .. 1981, 72. p. 65 .7. 

3579 SAITO K ., ARE I . 


Study on the compression character. 

Istlcs of tobacco. II. Complex effect 

of temperature . moisture content . 

length of shreds and stalk position 

on filling capacity of tobacco shreds . 

(En anglais) Etude sur Its caracteris 

tiques de compression du tabac . If . 

Effet complexe de IS temperature, de 

I'humidlte, de Is longueur des brins 

ainsi que de I'etage follaire sur It 

pouvoir de remplissage des morceaux 

de tabac . 

J Soc . .Vmerrals Sci .. Japan . 1978 . 27 . 

119196 . 

TECHNOLOGIE.INDUSTRJELL E 

211 

3580 SAITO K ., FUKUZUMI F . ABE I . 

Study on the compression character . 

Istlcs of tobacco. IV. Filling capacity 

of shreds consisting in two kinds of 

tobacco leaves . 

(En anglais) Etude sur In caracteristiques 

de compression du tabac . W . 

Pouvolr de rempWuge du tabac en 

morceaux provenant de deter types 

de feuWes de tabac . 

J. Soc. Materials Sci ., Japan, 1980 . 29, 

p . 1234-39 . 

3581 SAMFIEID M . 

Research and manufacturing In the 

US cigarette industry . 

(En anglais) Recherche at fabrication 

Bans l'industrie US de Ia cigarette . 

Lockwood Book Pub! . Co Inc .. Sew- 

York, 1980, 175 p . 

3582 SPRECKER M .A ., SCH .MITT F .L., Car: MH . 

& at . 

Use of 2oxablcyciooctane derivatives 

in augmenting or enhancing the aro 

ma or taste of smoking tobacco and 

smoking tobacco articles . 

(En anglais) Emploi des derives de 

2oxabicvclooctane pour augmenter ou 

renforcer l'ardme ou le gout du tabac 

a fumer et des products de tabac a 

fumer. 

Off. Gaz. U .S. Pat. Off . . 1981 . 10043 

p. 985 . 

3583 TOTH I . 

(In Huneariani Control of stead ., tobacco 

flow using an electronic bell 

weigher . 

(En honerois) Regulation de I'ecoule. 

ment du tabac a I'aide d'une peseuse 

electronique a bande . 

Dohancrpar, 1981 3 . P . 103-$ . 

2348039 

91

3584 ANON . 

Direct reconstitution is now a practical 

reality. 

(En anglais) La reconstitution dlrecte 

S partir de tabac en culture dense 

eat au)ourd-hul we rtalite pratique. 

World Tob ., 1981, 72, p . 59-62. 


PHARMACOLOG Y 

3585 BARDELL D ., SMITH J .E. 


An in vitro study of the exposure of 

mixed populations of normal oropharyngeal 

bacteria to cigarette smoke . 

(En anglais) Etude In vitro sur 1'exposition" 

de populations melangees de 

batteries oropharyngiques a Is fumee 

de cigarette . 

Microbios, 1979. 26 .105/106. p . 159-64 . 

3586 COHEN B .S ., HARLEY N .H . . ROGERS A .W . 

Autoradiographic search for radioac . 

tive particles in the lungs of cigarette 

smokers . 

(En anglais) Recherche autoradlographique 

dt panicules radloactives dans 

les poumons its fumeurs de cigarettes . 

Arch . environ . Health, 1980, 35 .5, p . 313- 

4 . 

3587 CRCMFACKER D .W ., CEDERLOF R ., FRIBERG 

L. & a t 

A twin methodology for the study of 

genetic and environmental control of 

variation in human smoking behavior . 

(En anglais) Methods baste sur les 

jumeaux pour 1'etude des facteurs genetiques 

et d'environnement susceptibles 

d'influer sur It comportement 

tabagique de I'etre humain . 

Ana Gene: iced. Ge-nellol . . 1979 . 28-3 . 

p. 1739 : 

PHARMACOLOG Y 

212 

3588 DA\Is l .W., Davis R .F . 

Prevention of cigarette smoking-induc' 

ed platelet aggregate formation by as 

ptrin. 

(En anglais) Prevention par 1'aspirine 

de Is, formation d'agregat de plaquettes 

due on fumage de Is cigarette . 

Arch. intern. Med ., 1981 . 14.2. p . 206-7 . 

3589 GIELEN J .E., GoujoN F .. SELE J_ & al . 

Organ specificity of induction of activating 

and inactivating enzymes by 

cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke 

condensate. 

(En anglaisl Spectflclte organique du 

declenchement des enzymes activantea 

et Inactivantes par Is fumee de 

cigarette at son condensat . 

Arch. Tosicol.. Suppl ., 1979 . 2. p 239- 

51 . 

3590 HAINES A .P., LMESOR I .D. . MEADE T .W . 

Psychoneurotic profiles of smokers 

and non-smokers . 

(En anglais) Profits psychoneurotiques 

des fumeurs et des non-fumeurs . 

Brit. med. 1., 1980, 280-6229. p 142 2 

3591 HATCHELL P .C . . COLLINS A .C . 

The influence of genotype and sex on 

behavioral sensitivity to nicotine in 

mice. 

(En anglaisl Influence du genotype e t 

du sexe sur Is senslbilite comport s 

mentale a In nicotine chez Is Souris . 

Psvchopharmacologv, 1980 . 71 .1 p t 5 

9. 

3592 HEN]INGFIELD l .E . . STITZE R 

FITHS R .R. 

M L Gg I F 

Expired air carbon monoxide accumul . 

ation and elimination as a function 

of number of cigarettes smoked . 

(En anglaisl Accumulation el elimina . 

lion de I'oxyde de carbone dans lair 

expire en function du nombre de cigarettes 

fumees . 

Addict . Behan . 1980, 53 . p 22e5 _ 

2348040

PHARMACOLOGIE 

3593 IZARD C . . GROG R . . REMOND A. 3597 STEPNEY R . 

(In French) Research into the elaciro . 

= physiological effects of nlcotir- and 

their interpretation in terms of- 

&] and sedation. 

Recherches sur lea effete eleetrophy. 

slologlques de Is nicotine at sur leur 

Interpretation en termer d'evell et 

de sedation . -$: 

Rev. Efectroenesphal. 'Nmropftsiof. 

1979, 9-4, p . 34665 . 

3594 L.EU CRTENBERGEA C., LzucHiErr-Eftmrt, 

CRAPUSS L . 

Diffetaaee in response to vltamWC 

between martjuana and tobacco smoke 

exposed hmnan cell cultures. --- 

(En anglais) Difference de reaction a 

Is vttamine C entre cultures eeuuleiras 

humalnes exposees a Is turner 

de marijuana at cultures exposees it 

In fumes de tabac . 

Adv. Biosciz1978, 22-23, p . 2g9- 

3595 Lswts DJ . . BaAYatmaa. .ILt PRENTICE 

D .E . 

The measurement of ultra .trueuiral 

changes induced by tobacco smoke in 

rat alveolar macrophages. A compartson 

of high and low tar cigarettes . 

(En anglais) Mason des chatagennents 

ultrastructurels produits per Is fumes 

de tabac chex Its macrophages alveohires 

du rat. Comparafson des sign. 

rattes a forte at fslble teneur an goudrons 

. 

Toxicol . Lett., 1979, 4, p . 17581 

3596 ONAR $°SADAMOTD K., TAKAISHI M . k 

al . 


Immunological studies on cigarette 

smokers. Pan II3-Cell mediated Immunity 

in cigaret smokers and the 

Influence of the water-soluble fns 

tion of cigarette smoke in the Immunity 

of mice . 

(En anglais) Etudes Immunologiques 

sur les fumeurs de cigarettes . II . Im . 

munite cellulaire des fumeurs et influence 

de Is fraction hvdrosoluble de 

la fumee de cigarette sur I'immunite 

de Is sourfs. 

Nvoslurna J . fined . Sci. . 1980 . 29-2 . p . 29 

34 . 

S 

213 

Tr:nicutine alb .y¢ cigarattea 1973- 

79 :- 

(En anglais) Le rapport goadQtas-nlc . 

otlne des Cigarettes de 1973 it 1979 . 

Lancer, 1979, 2-8139, p . 4223. 

3596 STila1 _' U 

9me, havlour : a psychology 

of the cigarette habit . 

(En anglais) Le comportement de fumage 

: tine psychologle de lunge de 

Is Cigarette. 

Brit. J. Dis. Chest, 1980, 74-4, p . 325- 

44 . 

3599 At SC- 

Report of tar and nicotine content 

-, - of the smoke of 176 varlatift -of CIS . 

arettes . 

(En anglais) Compte rendu sur les to 

nears an goudrom et nicotine de 

Is fumes de 176 varietes de cigarettes . 

3600 ANON . 

U .S. Fed. Trade Comm. Rep.. 1979 

13 p . 

Symposium on the effects of nicotine 

on nervous functions. 

(En anglaisl Symposium sur ?'influence 

de Is nicotine sur les fonctions net . 

veuses. 

Ana PiivSio( Scald 1980. 1St supp! 

479 . 

2348041 

1

AUTHOR INDEX INDEX D'AUTEURS 

The asterisks (') indicate co-Authors Les asterisques (') indiquent 

lea co-Auteur s 

ABDUL WAIID S .M. . 3500' 

ABE 1, 3579' 3580' . 

ABU-IRMAILCH D .E .. 3326 . 

ADAMS LD .. 3219' . 

AKAKI T ., 3386 . 

AKAZAWA Y ., 3319' . 

AKIMOTO K .. 3256' . 

AKIYAMA Y .. 3606 . 

ALSO JP 3201, 

ALEXSANDROVA N .M . . 3369' . 

ALANOHAM EA . 3506 . 

ANDREWS K.L. . 3696 . 

ANTONTW IF . 334 6 

ANZAI Y . 3573 

APPARAO K . . 3251 . 

ARNETT I .D. . 3509 

ARRENDALE R .F . . 3421' . 

ASAKURA A . 3389' . 

ATHANASIADIS V .N ., 3289' . 

AVIV D . . 3252 . 

AWASTHI L .P . . 3370' . 

AYCOCK M.K . . 3449 . 

AStOR D .E .. 3512. 

BABAR S .A . 3150. 

BABU M .S . . 3301' 

BAGNI N ., 3446' . 

BAXADUR S .. 3550. 

BALER i . . 3480 . 

BAKER R ., 3521' . 

BALA75 L. 3374' . 

BAN YS . . 3279' . 

BANGARAYYA M . . 3296 . 3297. 3298 

BANTTARI EC . 334 7 

BARDELL D. . 2515 . 

BASHIR 5 ., 3650' . 

BASKEVITCH N., 2597 . 

BEEVER I .E . 3221' . 

BEG AZO I .C .E .O . . 3287 . 3471' . 

BEE . I ., 3569. 

BEATINUSON T .A .. 3638 . 

BHASKAAAN G . . 3312' . 

BIOS IS . . 3300' . 

BISKUP 1 ., 3379' . 

BISSIG P ., 3307' , 

BOO K .S . . 3313' . 

BOAEHAM I, 302' . 

SOUSE L.F. . 3695 . 

BRADFORD GL . 3651 . 

BRAYBROOK 46 .7 3595' . 

BRENNAN E., 3352' . 

BRISKIN D.P .. 3226 . 

BROOKS R .R . . 3202 

BRUCK AJ . . 3327, 3332' . 3336' . 3513' 

BRUNNEMANN K.D ., 3203. 3204 . 

BRUNOLD C . 3426 . 

BPUNZELL ID 3396 . 

BRYANT MG . Ir . 3397 

BRYANT I A 3427 

BURGYAN I . 3510 . 

BURK L G . 3253', 3264' . 3271' 

BUTCHAIAM 5.K .. 3561 

CALIGARI P.D .S. . 3258' 

CAMPBELL C L 3328. 3491 . 3511 

CARLIER G 322 7 

CARLTON I .B .. 3695' 

CARMELLA S 3113 ' 

CASA DA IN 3299 . 3303', 3391' 

CASADEVALLKELLER ML . 3329 

CASSELLS A C .. 3368 

CATTANEO P 3108' 

CAUGHILL C W H 2303' 


Bulletin 1981-2/3 : ref. 3201-3600 

CEDERLOF R. . 3567' . 

CHAE Q., 3407 . 

CHAKARVARTI S .E., 3205 . 

CXAKRABORTY MX .. 3215' . 

CHALETF RS . . 3439 . 

CHAPLIN IF . . 3253 . 3234'. 301' . 

CXAPUS L ., 3594' . 

CHAUDHARI S ., 3320' . 

CHAUDRY G A , 3669 

CXAU0XRY N.M .. 3469' . 

CHEN W.Y ., 3330 . 

CHEN Y . 3240- 

C HET I . 3521' 

CHINCHEV B .. 3452. 

CXOU W .S . . 3496 . 

CHUMAN T . 3318' 

CIXOV D. . 3276 . 

CIKOVA E .. 3256. 

CLAEYS A . 3422' . 

COCKED P .M ., 3346' . 

COHEN B .S . 3112', 3586 . 

COHEN V . 3331 . 

COHN CC, 338 6 

I COLBERT K .A . 3220 

, COLLINS AC ., 3591' . 

I COLLINS W K . 345 3 

COLZANI G . 3376, 3377 . 3378 

CONNOR Di . 3637 ' 

CORE MT . 3310' 

COSTA CL . 3356' 

COUCH TL . 3309' 

COUSDIS L . 302 

COUSSIRAT I .C .. 3255 

COUSSON A . 3229 

CRUBVACKER D.W . 3517 . 

CSINOS AS . 351 2 

CURRIN R .E .. 3277, 3516' . 3517' . 

DAHLGREN E . 3397 

DASSO 1 . 3606 

DAVIS Dl . . 3423' . 

DAVIS I M . 3332 . 3336' . 3513 

DAVIS 7W . 350 

DAVIS A .F . 3$06' 

DEALL M . 351 6 

DE BEER MC . 3280' 

DE CLEENE M . 3429 

DE LEY I . 3426' 

DELON A . 3221', 3230 

DE ROO H C . 3470 

DE AOTON C 3691' 

DE VECCNI L . 3429 

DHILLON 55 . 3231 

DHIMAN I 3205 ' 

DIAS NOOUEIAA F . 3287' . 3471 

DOROKXOV Y L . 3349 

DOUGLAS DR . 3411' 

DOUGLAS T I . 3232 

DOWNS RI . 3454 

DRAGANIAC M E . 3218' 

DRWIEGA 1 3381' 

DUMEAY B . 3201' 

DUVICK I P 3333 

DWIVEDI $5 L . 330 5 

EAGLES 1 . 3206 

ECHANDI E . 3330' 

EDEY 5 N 3455 

EGUCHI K 3256 

EKLUND A D 3424' 

ELLIOT 1 M 32'8 

ERMAKOV : P . 3130 

213 

ESPDIO E 3257 

EVFASM£YFA M G . 3515 

FAREED N . 3469' 

FERR65 R .5 . 351 6 

FERREIAA DE NOVAIS R . 3287' . 

3171' 

FEYERABEND C .. 3207 

FINE W . 3203' 

FIST M W . 3209' 

FLESSFILL6 1 . 3409 3656 

FORTNUM B A . 3517, 3518 

FOSTER R . 3260' 

FRANCESCHI V R . 3610 

FRANCKI R 1 B . 3553 ' 

FRASER A SS . 3350 . 3372' . 3373' 

FRIDEAO L . 3587' 

MITI T . 3211' 

FUITMORI T . 3222' . 3436' . 3559' 

FUiTTA T . 356 9 

FUKUDOME N 2561' 

I FUKUEUMI F . 3580' 

FUKA I R . 3306 . 

GALUN E . . 3252' 

GARCIA C . 3309' 

GARDNER WS . 3537' 

GARVIN B . 3683 

GEORGMVA ID . 3251' 

GETZIN L W . 3497 

GEVER I . 34014 

GROSS J- 34B3208 

GIBBS A . 355 1 

GIELEN LE . 3589 

GD. N . 3257 ' 

I GODSE D 5 .D 308570' . 

GOKAN7 VN . . 3200' . 

GOLDBERG AP . 3396' 

GONZALII'LOPEZ I . . 3519 

GOOD BW . 341 1 

GOODING G V It ., 3253', 3327' 

GOODPASTURE C . . 3499 

GOPALACHARI N .C ., 3233', 3242' 

GOPALAKRISHNA C V,S S V . 3233 

GOES G R . 352 0 

GOTO T . 3552 

GOTTENBORG S . 3398' 

GOUION F 2589' 

GOULD A A . 355 3 

I GAANETTAR 1 . 3500332 

GAEUTTB H . 3307 

GAIFFITHS R A . 3592' 

GROB R . 3593 ' 

GROS EG . 3408' 

CRUSHER 0 . 3209 

NA YL . 3213' 

MADDEN C H 3359' 

HAEIN P 345- 

HAGEMAN RH 36': 

HAINES A P 3590 

HALAS2 L . 3433' 

MALE -5 3438 ' 

H ALLARION I L 3451- 

MAN SB . 3" 9 

MARADA H 3235' . 3 :]6' 

HARDING ]A 331" 

MART V 3234 33'0 

HAAKES P A A 3250' 

MARKOV P 33'_2 

MARLEM N M 3412 3586' 

HARMAN G E 3$2 1 

2348042

HMTMAHN H . 3522 

HATAKEYAMA M . 3394' . 

HATCHOI PC . 3591 

HAUT SA 321 0 

HECHT 5 .5 .. 3633 . 

HELGESON I .E . 3336' 

HENDRICK C A ., 3336 

HENNINGFIELD I0 . 3592 

HENRY E W 3353 

HENRY IE . 3308 

HERRON I W , 3487' 

HIGGINS DB, 3570 

HILLEBRENNER S N . 3520' 

HOFFMAN D 3204', 3219' . 3413' 

HOPI H 321 1 

HORNER HT, 3410' 

HOSOKAWA D, 3555' . 

HSU A T C . 3212 ' 

HSU Sc . 3213 

HUBER CL . 3309' 

HVDYKA H . 3379' 

HUSSAINI SS 3322', 3500 

HWANG IK, 3261 ' 

IDLE M . 3402' 

IGNOFFO C M 3309 

IIIIMA M . 3389 

IMAMURA 1 3235 . 3236 

MMLON ID . 2590' 

INGRAM NA . 3258' 

IRELAND M S . 3390' . 

RAAD C 3593 

IZQVIERDO TAMAYO A . 3523, 352 4 

JACKSON W I Jr . 3574' . 

IACOBI B . 3229' 

JACOBS DR, 3396 

IAGADISH CHANDRA I ., 3321' 

IAIN DK . 3434' , 

IEN S Y ., 3260' 

IEONG KT 3300 . 

1!NKS I L . 3258 

IDHNSON A W . 3310 . 

JOHNSON LP, 341 . 

JOHNSON B . 3525 

JOHNSON WE . 3481' . 

JONES CA . 3311 

JONES D 3312 

JONES 0 3312' 

JONES G A . 3269' 

JONES $ L ., 3495' . 

JOSHI B G . 3342' . 3501 . 

JOSHI M M 3520' 

IVDAXOVA Z .5 .. 3375' . 

IURGENS G . 3473 . 

KAMPE W . 3474 . 

KANDASWAMY S . . 3266' 

KANEKO H , 3222' . 3436' . 3559- 

357 1 

KANG L Y . 3354, 3554 . 

KARPOVA L .V . 3430' 

KATO A . 343 1 

KATO K .. 3406' 

KAUSCHEDER A, 3564 

KAWAZOE S, 3389' 

KAZIMTEBSKI T 3259 

KEMP£ I A . 3335' 

KENNEDY GS . 3341' 

KENNEDY PC 3526, 3527 

KESHAVA PRASAD PK . 3314' 

KESSELMEIER 1 . 3237 

KEUM W S 3260 

KHAN ANA . 3528 

KHAN M A ., 3529 

KIFFEB E 323 0 

KIM CF . 3213 3214'1 3217' . 3415 

KIM, 1 C 3261 . 

KIN 10 3213 ' 

Y!M S 1 221 . 3415' 

KIM 5 S 3313 

Y,ISITYO Y G 3365' 

KITAIAMA M T 3356' 

KLEMENT 2 35!0' 

KOBAYASHI S 355 5 

KONDO N 343' 

KORI S . 3462' 

NOVAE V 3433 

KRAMER C L 

KRISHNAMURTMY V 3286 


KRISHNA PRASAD NK ., 3314 

KUC I . 3331' 

KUCHMEK TA . . 3530 . 3531 . 3567' 

KUMAA 5 , 3320 ' 

KUNG 5 D . 3262 

KUSAMA M . 3393' . 

LAMAARE M 3485 

LAMPRECHT M P 3280 

LAPORTE G . 3282' . 3283', 3380' 

LAPUSHNER D . 3263 

LARSON TM 3390 

LAVANCHY P . 3426' 

LAZAAENI A 3458 

LEACH I E 3335 

LARSON N! .. 3361 

LEE DG, 3315 

LERICERIDQ I .. 3249' . 

LEONARD D A ., 3355 

LEONARD RT, 3226' . 

LEVCHRNBEAGEA C .. 3594 

LEUCHTENBERGER R . . 3$94' 

LEWIS DI . 3595 

LIB6ENGA R .P . 3250- 

1 LIE M T , 3356 

1 LUCAS O .B . . 3532 

LUNSFOAD I N . 3486 

LUTZ 1 . 3239' . 3240 ' 

MADHAVA RAO C . 3297' 

MADAUGA A 357 2 

MAEDA K , 3216' . 3394', 351 . 

MAEHARA T .. 3478' 

MAILLOUX 0 . 3316 ' 

MAW C E , 332" . 3332', 3336, 3513' 

MARCH IF . 3206' 

MAAINLBEJTOLO GE . 3416 

MARKS C F 345 9 

MARSHALL M A . 3218' 

MARTIN D . 3499' 

MARTIN JR . 3497 

MARTIN K .M , 3475 

MARTIN P . . 3307' 

MARTIN R M . 3420' 

MARUTA I . 3432' . 

MASIPIQUENA MD . 3507' 

MASUO Y . 3391 . 

MATSUMOTO T . 3225' 

MATSUSHITA H, 3417' 

MATTHEWS R EF .. 3556 

MATZJNGER DF . 3274 

MAZUR M 3379 

M

RAO M .S . 3301' 

RAO RSN, 3342 

RAO 5 V . 3261 . 3322 

R .ASMID A . 3265 

RASP H ., 3476 

REDDY PRS, 3261' 

REDDY T S N 3261 . 3369' 

REED S M . . 3443 . 

REILLY II . 3502 

REINERT 1 . 324' 

REMOND A . 5593' 

REYNOLDS BE . 3311' 

RHODE PR . 3262' 

RNODES-ROBERTS ME . 3519' 

RICHARD RD . 3499' 

RIMINGTON I - 3399 

ROBERTS K .L . 3269 

ROBERTS P .L . 3364 

ROBMSON IL . 3216 

ROBINSON NP . 3361- 

Room A W . 356 ' 

ROSA N . 3303 . 1619 

RUHL C ]21 9 

RUM GUTrRII V . 3246 

RUSSELL M A H , 3207 

SADAMOTO K . 3596' 

SAILER C L . 339, 

SAP.O K . 3579. 3580 

SAKUMA N . 3393 

SALAMA HS, 3506 

SAMFIELD N . 3581 

SAMSON RA, 3323 

SANT0ETEBAN 1 . 3363' 

SARAGONI H . 322D 

SARMA CB . 3290' . 3362' 

SASSER M , 1329' 

SASTRI A B . 3270 

SATYANAAAYANA K V . 3213' 

SATYANARAYANA S V V , 3501' 

SCHAEFFER G W, 3262' . 

SCHILTZ P . 3230' . 3255' 

SCHIPFER L . 3693 

SCHLOTZHAUER W S . 3420 

SCHMIDT I A . 3304 3461 

SCHMIDT FL . 3582 ' 

SCHNELL R I . 3271 

SCHWARTZ A .S . 1396' 

SECOY DM . 3325' 

SEDIARI T . 3562', 3565' 

SEKHARA BABU AV , 3266' 

SELL 1 . 3589 ' 

SERAFINI FAACASSINI D . 3444 

SEVERSON R T 3620' . 301 

SEOUEIRA L . 3333' . 3336' . 3335' 

SHALAKOV KA ., 3326 , 

SHARABY A .F . 3504' 

SHARMA 1,L 3291 

SHAW M . 3505 

SCHLTTTIN TV . 3365 

SHITTY K 5 . 3521' 

SHIBATA M . 3391' 

SHIMRU Y ., 3569' 

SHINOHAAA T, 3256' 

SXUFTETT DM . 3451' 

SIDDIOI 2 . 3272 

SIDIAOPOULOS 10 . . 5289' 

SILLETT R W . 3601' 


SINGH VP . 3292' . 

SMHA A, 3305 

SINK K C . 5244 

SITAAAMAIAH S . 3508 . 350 6 

SIVOLAP YM . 3445 

SKOOG NA . 3449 

ST MZIEWSKI P . 3226 

SLICERS G, 3422 

SLOAN CH, 3576' 

SMITH A E 3325 

SMTM EC . 5508' 

SMITH I E . 5515' 

SMOKVOSKI M . 3660' 

SON I5 . 2313 ' 

SONG B . 3423 

SONG CM . 3633' . 

SONG R I I . 1615' 

SPRECKER M .A ., 3582 . 

SPURDON C . . 3366' 

SPURR H W . 3441, ]539 

SREE RAMULU K ., 3447 

SAFVASTAVA PS .. 3215. 3477 

STEPNEY R . 3600 . 3591, 3598 

STEVENS W A . 3366 

STIREA M1 , 3592' 

STOCKS 1 . 346 3 

SUBBA AAO D . 3285' . 3477' 

SJBASHMI U . 3273 

SUGAHARA K . 3432' 

SUGGS C W . 3382 

SIXILIVAN SL . 3464 

SUTTON I C 3522 ' 

SVIBCEV A M , 3337 ' 

SWETNAM LD . 3299' . 3383' . 3386' 

SYNGE R L M . 3206 ' 

SYONO K . 3263' 

SZE H, 3435 

SZOPA I. 320 

TAXAHASHI Y . 3678 

TAXAISMI M . 3596' 

TAKANAMI K , 3367 

TAKEUCHI Y . 3211' 

TALLEY I . 3550 

TANAKA H .. 3386 ' 

TANAKA Y . 3531', 3560, 3562 

TANCOGNE 1 . 3221 

TANIGUCHI T . 3552' 

TAYLOR C S . 354 2 

TAYLOR I B . 3526' . 3527' . 350' 

TEAAHARA A . 3394 

THAKKEA M .N .. 3208' 

THERIAULT R .. 3380' . 

THOMAS 1 . 3368 

THURTELL G W . 3522' 

THURSTON R . 3269 

TOAN Y C 3356' : 3554' 

TODD F A . 3543 . 3566, 3545 

TOMFTA H . 3391 

TORRANCE L . 3550' 

TORRIGIANI P . 3446 

TOTH I . 358 3 

TRAN THANH VAN K . 3229' 

TAOW IM . 3202' . 

TSO T O . ]306' . 2612' 

TSUZAKI K . 3670' 

TURNER I .A M . 360 1 

j TURNER I G . 334 3 

SINGH BL, 3290', 3292 . 3293 . 3294 I UEGAKI R . 3222 3436. 3559 

3295' I UMCMUAA S . 3575 ' 

SINGH H 3539' UMEYA K 3569' 

SINGH K D . 3290' . 3293' . 3294' . UMIEL N 326 9 

2295 UNNIKAISHNAN M, 3273 

SINGH SP 2550' UPADHY A YA R K . 3291' 

SINGH V 3434 UPCHURCH W , 3492 

USIIASRI V . 3369 

VALY A, 3465 

VAN MOLDERS R . 362 8 

VAN SLOGTEREN C M 5 . 3249 

VEERAPPA 6,1 , 3316' 

VENTTIE 1 A . 3347- 

V ERMA NN 3370 355C' . 

VOCK M .X . 3512 ' 

VON WLCRMAA MB . 3362' 

VAEUGDENHC.L D . 3250 

WAGGONER PE - 3566 

WAGNER K .G .. 320' 

WAHIBERG I . 3426 

WALD N . . 3402 

WALDBDIIG R i . 3403 

WALKER KM . 322 3 

WALTON L R . 3299' . 3383, 3304 

WARREN FHIB . 3558' 

WATANABE T 3386 

WATERTFELD W F . 3344 

WATEALAB WC . 3438' 

WEARER K . 3374- 

W E65 W . 360 6 

WERNSMAN EA . 3371', 3274 

WETSTEIM EA- 3371 

WHENN AM R I . ]ll : 3373 

WHITE F H . 3296' . 3286 

WHITI I L , 339 5 

WHITE R F . 3346- 

"MY EB, 3547, 

WHF]TIELD D M 3437 

WILLIAMSON AE . 3385 

WFTAS T . 3224 

WOLFENBARGEA D A . ]31" 

WOOD K .P . 3366' 

WRICHER M, 3358 ' 

Wit HS . 3275' 

YASUMATSU N . 3417 

YOCOM KL . 3$57' 

YOSHIDA D . 3225 

YCSHMAXI T . 3560 

YOUNG T .A . . 3548 

ZAGOASKA N . 3256' 

ZAHAVI E ., 3268' 

ZAITLM M . 3355' 

ZELCER A . 3374 

ZIPAGAN DT . 3507, 

ZHU ZC . 3275 

ZHURALEV Y N . 3375 

2RYD I P . 3426' 

ZUSSMAN BM . 360 5 

ANONYMS : 

ACTA PNY5IOL SCAND . 3600 

BLUE MOLD CENTR REP . 3549 

DTSCH TABAKBAU, 3479 

INDIAN STAND MST . 342$ 

PROG FARMER, 356 5 

TROPICAL PET MANAGEMENT . 3345 

US FED TRADE COMM REP 3599 

VOIX CULT . 9666 . 346, 3668 3566 

WORLD TOE . 358 4 

ZIMBABWE TOE TODAY, 344 8 

I mpnme en-France Grande Imprlmerle de Troves 

Depul local n 637 . 3e trim. 19EI 130. rue Gal-de-Gaulle . 00000 Troves i 

Le directeur de la publication ' P . RA Y 

_716 

2348044

MULTIPt85 CT SOUS-MULTIPLES DECIMAU* - EXPLANATION OF AIETRIC TEAM S 

da deca- x 10' d : deci- = x 10- ' 

b hecto- x 10' c centi- = x 10- ' 

k kilo. x 10' m milli- = x 10- ' 

M . mega . x 10' p micro = x 10-' 

G giga- x 10' n nano = x 10- ' 

T . ters- x IOU is pica- = x 10- ° 

UNITS I TR1OUSS m Ia]AS IIDUNAIaars - a@tilc UIdTI AND T®t a0U1VALRlr a 

Langueur - Linear mature 

(Rena . 1s1 0l!) 

km kilometre 0 .62137 mile 

hm hectometre 10936 yd . 

dam decametre 10 .936 yd . 

1 .0936 yd . 

TO metre 32809 ft . 

393708 in . 

dm decimetre 3 .937 in. 

cm centimetre 0.3937 in . 

mm millimetre 0 .03937 in. 

P micron = 10-' m 

mrs millimicron = 10-' m 

am nanometre = 10-' m 

A angstrom = 10-n m 

Superfidt - Square ocean ue 

b4u.r. m.rr . . Meal .ma ) 

km' kilometre carte 03861 sq . mile 

.1960 sq . yd. 

m' metre card 1 

10 .7639 sq. ft. 

dm' decimetre carrel 15500 sq . in . 

cm' centimetre carre 0 .1550 sq . in . 

mm' millimetre carr6 = 10-'m' 

be hectare = 10t' 2.4711 acres 

.024 acre 

are = 10'm' 1190 599 sq. yd. 

Volume - Cubic measur e 

(Ca4M nVtr. . Maur um ) 

M' metre cube 13079 cu . vd. 

35 .3148 Cu. ft , 

dm' decimetre cube 61 .024 as. in . 

cm' centimetre cube 0 .0610 Cu. in . 

mm' millimetre cube = 10-'m ' 

Capactte - Capacit y 

UK u s 

hl hectolitre 2.7497 2 .8378 bu . 

dal : decalitre 2 .2000 3 .7853 gal . 

litre 

0.2200 02641 gal . 

cl : 

ml 

centilitre 

millilitre 

r 1 .7598 pint s 

0.0 7 

1 cm' 

gill s 

Masse - Weight 

IAJOgr~ - Mad unit) 

T tonne merrique = 10'kg 2204 .62 lb 

q quintal mCtrique = 10'kg 220 .462 lb 

kg kilogramme 22046 lb 

0 .03527 oz . 

g gramme = 10-'kg y 0 .03215 oz. troy 

15 .432 grains 

mg milligramme = 10-'kg 0 .015 grains 

PACTEURS Da CONVERSION CaO0563 - COMPOUND CONVERSION FACTOR S 

kilog. par metre = 2 .016 pounds per yard 

= 0.672 pounds per foo t 

kilog. par m' = 0 .2048 pounds per square foot 

gramme par m' = 0 .029 oz. per. sq . yard 

kilog. par cm' = 14123 pounds per sq . inch 

gramme par cm' = 0 .014223 pounds per sq . inch 

kilog. par m' = 1 .686 pounds per cubic yard 

= 0.0624 pounds per cubic foot 

gramme par m' = 0 .998407 pounds percubicfoot 


gramme par litre = 0 .16035 oz. per UK gallon 

= 0 .13353 oz. per US gallo n 

litre par m' = 0 .0204 UK gallons per sq . foot 

= 0.0245 US gallons per sq foo t 

kilogrammetre = 7 .23 foot-pounds 

calorie = 3.968 B .T .U . 

calorie par m' = 0 .369 B .T .U. per sq foo t 

lux = 0 .0929 foot.candles 

kilog. par litre = 10.020 pounds per UK gallon 1 1 kg par hectare = 0 .892 pounds per acre 

= 8.345 pounds per US gallon 1000 plantes par ha x 405 plants per acr e 

2348045 

W4

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