Systèmes d'information géographique. Dossier ... - CiteSeerX

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IGN 67013
WOOD (T.), CASSETTARI (S.)
GEOINFORMATION INTERNATIONAL, MVA
GI-meta final report prepared for the european commission
Cambridge, GeoInformation International, 1997.- 164 p., 21 x 30 cm ; en anglais
Cette étude fait le point sur les besoins en métadonnées du secteur européen de l’information
géographique : les métadonnées disponibles, les exigences des utilisateurs, les types de services de
métadonnées et les aspects coûts/avantages pour les utilisateurs.
IGN 66983
CREPEAU (C.)
Méta-données et géomanagement
in SIG et télédétection n° 14, juill. 1995.- pp.7-10
La problématique du domaine de l’information géographique s’est déplacée peu à peu vers les données.
Deux éléments à la fois distincts et fortement liés sont présentés ici : les métadonnées (données sur les
données) et le géomanagement qui permet de gérer les métadonnées.
IGN P072
WEICHEL (Bernhard C.)
The MEGRIN project
International workshop « Current status and challenges of geoinformation systems » IUSM working
group on GIS/LIS, Hannovre, 25 au 28 sept. 1995.- pp.231-234
MEGRIN, the Multipurpose European Ground-Related Information Network, represents a joint venture
between the CERCO member states of the European Community (CERCO, Comité européen des
responsables de la cartographie officielle). The MEGRIN project is designed to simplify and ease the
transfer of digital geographical data from the suppliers (i.e. National Mapping Agencies, NMAs) to the
customers within Europe. To realize this, MEGRIN follows the aim to provide for : 1. a system describing
which geographical data are, or will be, available for which areas, i.e.a geographical Data Description
Directory (GDDD), 2. a system transferring geographical data in standardized for but converted to
specifications if required, 3. a system monitoring and controlling the commercial aspects of the
transactions. Further MEGRIN serves for the needs of the European Commission in the field of
topographic data. That means the building of unified and homogeneous geographical data sets by using
existing data from the NMAs of Europe. As a first result of this work the seamless Administrative
Boundaries of Europe (SABE) were created and other data sets like a digital elevation model, gazetteer
and digital raster data sets of topographic maps will follow.
IGN 64222
ASPECTS ECONOMIQUES
LAWRENCE (V.)
European geoinformation data publishing : understanding the commercial industry. in :
European geographic information infrastructures : opportunities and pitfalls
Londres, Taylor & Francis, 1998.- pp.87-99 (GISDATA 5)
Organisations are run by data ; they collect them, analyse them and, from these analyses, determine
how they might be run more effectively. In the 1980s, as more organisations adopted geographic
information systems, it became known that the cost of the hardware and software needed for a GIS often
represented only approximately 30 per cent of the final costs of implementing the GIS project ; the
majority of the budget was being spent on data collection and conversion. These percentages are
changing as the commercial data market starts to operate efficiently in the GIS arena. The 70:30 ratio is
now only representative of high value, low volume situations involving start-ups of operational systems
such as utilities. It is estimated that between 60 and 80 per cent of all data held by government
departments can be classed as geospatial, where this is defined as any data that have associated with
them some geographical referencing, including to a national grid, a postcode system, latitude/longtitude
or defined areas such as parliamentary constituencies. As government and private sector organisations