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Ecologie des glossines en secteur pré-forestier de Côte d'Ivoire : 2 ...

Ecologie des glossines en secteur pré-forestier de Côte d'Ivoire : 2 ...

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J.-P. GOUTEUX, C. LAVEISSIÈRE, P. F. L. BOREHAMLes contacts 1~orri.me~nrortcli.e dans ces régions à vocation eaféière et cacaoyhe sembl<strong>en</strong>t donc être directem<strong>en</strong>tliés au.~ mo<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> d’occupa,tion <strong>de</strong> d’espace adoptés par les populations hrcmaines.Mots-clés : Glossines - Trophisme - Cote d’ivoire.SummaryECOLOGT 0~ TSETSE FLIE~ IN TEE SUB-FOREST AREA 0~ IV~RY COAST. 2. FEEDING HABITS OF Glossinapalpalis s. Z.Out of 6.94 6loodineal.s of Glossina palpalis s.l. cnptured in a* sub-forest a,rea of Ivory Coast, only 14,4%were tnkcrl from mcn rvh ibe 56,2 7; tome from pigs.011 tht~ wholn, ma,les seem to be more a,nthropophilic thon females (27,5 o/. to 10,l Oh oftheir bloodme~ls tnk<strong>en</strong> 077. m<strong>en</strong>).Fccding in m<strong>en</strong> is ev<strong>en</strong> more taoticea.ble in the coffee pla~ntcrtions in the trypa.nosomiasis focus (61,l O/.for tl;)mgles t c 16;ï % for t1z.f fc?ma,les).8 z<strong>en</strong> ts are dlst.~ngursh.ed according to the perc<strong>en</strong>trrge of humain bloodmeals :- The ” fous zone ” itself dominnted by a.lbochtones (Mossi ethnie gr0u.p) tvhere human ha,bitat is m.ainlycomposed of cultivating grounds, scattered in the middle of plantations (38 y$, of human bloodmeals) ;- 7’he ii stiuhy zone ” ~IL a.utochtor~ous soi1 (kou!ja~ ethnie group) tvhich inclu<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> tha surroundings of a village :plantations, fa.llow grounds and <strong>de</strong>gra<strong>de</strong>d forest (18 %i of hrcman bloodmeals) ;- A village (Kouya. ethn.ic group) tvhere only 9 yo of the meals are tnk<strong>en</strong>. on m<strong>en</strong>..-ls to the actwal village 72 y; of glossina feed on pigs. In th,e territory of the Kou,ya vilbages, the perc<strong>en</strong>tageof pig blootJmea.ls ranges bet.we<strong>en</strong> 38 and 44 OA,. The perc<strong>en</strong>tage of hrcman bloodmea~ls amou.nts to 24 yo nearwuter holes, 18 ;$, in the pla,nta,tions a.nd 16 o/. in. the forest islets.In the focus ;OH~, the eat<strong>en</strong>.sive cultivation. of coffee a,n.d cucao cnused a close contact betwe<strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong> and tsetseflics. On the con.tra.ry, in the nu~toc1~tonou.s pop&tinn soil, the con.c<strong>en</strong>.tration of agricultural area*s around thesiblages where domestw (rnirna.1,~ abound (especially pigs) contacts betwe<strong>en</strong> m<strong>en</strong> and vectors are limited.The ferdirlg habits of G. palpalis s.l. va,ry with uge : 36 94 o f nu .ll’p ~ arous feed on pigs, 78 o/. nmong the veryyoung, arld this perc<strong>en</strong>tage incrrases as the flics get ol<strong>de</strong>r. 22 o/. o f nu llp L arous feed on m<strong>en</strong> (on.5 6 o/. of theyouqest) iind this perc<strong>en</strong>tage <strong>de</strong>crea.ses with age.Th ancrlysis of secrsonal wrriat.io7L.s shows that the feecling habits va,ry bittle in the coffee plantations of thef OCll,S aorie. I~L the coffee plnntations of Kouya, soib, human bloodmeals a,re more tlumerous in the dry season(agricrcltural a,ctivities a.t thr masimum) tlmn during the rainy season.In conclusions, mun-@es contacts appear to bp very <strong>de</strong>p<strong>en</strong>d<strong>en</strong>t upon the space-occupation system adoptedb;y mr:n _Key words : Tsetw flks - Trophism - Ivory Coast.1. INTRO’L-)UCTI’)NL’analyse <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> préfér<strong>en</strong>ces trophiques <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> <strong>glossines</strong>n’a pas seulem<strong>en</strong>t pour but l’approfondissem<strong>en</strong>t<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> connaissances <strong>en</strong> ruatié.re <strong>de</strong> bio-Ccologie,elle doit aussi, et surtout, apporter une meilleurecompréhrnsion <strong>de</strong> l’épidémiologie <strong>de</strong> la trypanoso-miase humaine.Cette étu<strong>de</strong> a étk rkal.isÊe dans la région <strong>de</strong>Vavoua, <strong>en</strong> <strong>secteur</strong> prb-<strong>forestier</strong> <strong>de</strong> Côte d’ivoireprés<strong>en</strong>té dans un préckdont article (Gouteux et al.,l%l bj.Il eut étk intéressant <strong>de</strong> pouvoir m<strong>en</strong>er davantagecette étu<strong>de</strong> au cceur mème du foyer <strong>de</strong> maladiedu sommeil, dans la zone <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> plantations appart<strong>en</strong>antaux Voltaïques d’ethnie mossi et <strong>de</strong> comparerles résultats à ceux obt<strong>en</strong>us dans une région différ<strong>en</strong>tedu point <strong>de</strong> vue mo<strong>de</strong> d’occupation <strong>de</strong>l’espace par l’homme. Malheureusem<strong>en</strong>t, la réalisationd’essais <strong>de</strong> lutte & gran<strong>de</strong> échelle et lapréparation d’une campagne pilote <strong>de</strong> lutte, n’ontpermis que <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> ét.u<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> partielles dans la zone dufoyer. La plupart <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> mouches gorgées a étécapturée aux <strong>en</strong>virons <strong>de</strong> Gatifla, village Kouya :c Gnh. O.R.S.T.O.M., sér. Ent. méd. et Parasitol., ~01. XX, no 1, 1982 : 3-18

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