Tamar lomiZe filosofia da poezia (fixte da baraTaSvili) aRiarebulia ...
Tamar lomiZe filosofia da poezia (fixte da baraTaSvili) aRiarebulia ...
Tamar lomiZe filosofia da poezia (fixte da baraTaSvili) aRiarebulia ...
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filologiis mecnierebaTa<br />
doqtori, ilia<br />
WavWavaZis saxelmwifo<br />
universitetis humanitarul<br />
mecnierebaTa <strong>da</strong><br />
kulturis kvlevebis fakultetis<br />
asocirebuli<br />
profesori;<br />
ZiriTadi naSromebi:<br />
`qarTuli riTmis istorii<strong>da</strong>n~,<br />
`feris mxatvruli<br />
gaazrebis Taviseburebebi<br />
n. <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s<br />
<strong>poezia</strong>Si~, `Teoriuli <strong>da</strong>fuZnebis<br />
problema poetikaSi,<br />
`me~-s koncefcia<br />
qarTvel romantikosTa<br />
SemoqmedebaSi~.<br />
interesTa sfero:<br />
semiotika, leqsmcodneoba,<br />
literaturis istoria<br />
<strong>da</strong> Teoria, mxatvruli<br />
Semoqmedebis fsiqologia.<br />
75<br />
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>lomiZe</strong><br />
<strong>filosofia</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>poezia</strong><br />
(<strong>fixte</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>)<br />
<strong>aRiarebulia</strong>, rom romantizmma SeimuSava<br />
pirovnebis axleburi koncefcia <strong>da</strong>, kerZod,<br />
gamoavlina a<strong>da</strong>mianis sulieri samyaros mTeli<br />
winaaRmdegobrioba <strong>da</strong> sirTule. romantikuli<br />
literaturaSi pirovnebis `me~ garkveuli<br />
simravlis (ramdenime `me~-s) saxiT warmogvidga,<br />
ramac safuZveli <strong>da</strong>udo e.w.<br />
`oreulebis~ poetikis~ <strong>da</strong>mkvidrebas.<br />
gamoiTqmis sapirispiro Sexedulebebic.<br />
ase, magaliTad, s.s. averincevi kiTxulobs:<br />
`rogor un<strong>da</strong> mivudgeT a<strong>da</strong>mianis Sinagan<br />
samyaros – rogorc Ria <strong>da</strong> mravalkomponentian<br />
struqturas Tu rogorc Caketil,<br />
TviTkmarsa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>unawevrebel mona<strong>da</strong>s?~ <strong>da</strong><br />
askvnis: `meorenairi midgoma ... Zalze gvian<br />
warmoiSva <strong>da</strong> gamoiyenebo<strong>da</strong> literaturuli<br />
faqtebis martooden viwro wreSi. warsulis<br />
diadi literaturuli epoqebi sxva koncefciebiT<br />
suldgmulobdnen~ (averincevi 1972:<br />
235). Tavisi Tvalsazrisis <strong>da</strong>sa<strong>da</strong>stureblad<br />
mkvlevars mohyavs saTanado argumentebi iseTi<br />
masali<strong>da</strong>n, rogoricaa miTologia, Zveli<br />
berZnuli literatura, Sua saukuneebis mwerloba,<br />
XIX saukunis realisturi xelovneba,<br />
<strong>da</strong>, bolos, imowmebs m.m. baxtinis debulebas:<br />
`a<strong>da</strong>miani arasodes emTxveva sakuTar Tavs.<br />
mis mimarT ver gamoviyenebT igiveobis<br />
formulas: A aris A. amgvarad, averincevis<br />
azriT, pirovnebis is koncefcia, romlis
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>lomiZe</strong><br />
warmoSobasac romantizmis epoqiT aTariReben, gacilebiT adre<br />
funqcionireb<strong>da</strong> literaturaSi.<br />
amasTan, aSkaraa, rom pirovnebis romantikuli koncefcia metad<br />
specifikuria <strong>da</strong> aerTianebs orivenair midgomas: pirovneba erTiani<br />
`mona<strong>da</strong>a~ samyarosTan mimarTebaSi; meore mxriv, es `Ria struqturaa~,<br />
rodesac ganixileba TavisTavad, am samyarosgan izolirebulad.<br />
rogoria TviT sityva `me~-s semantika? b. raselma `me~ miakuTvna<br />
im `egocentrul sityvaTa~ ricxvs, romelTa mniSvnelobas gansazRvravs<br />
mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod molaparakis mdgomareoba drosa <strong>da</strong> sivrceSi<br />
(raseli 1957: 103).<br />
XX saukuneSi ganxorcielebul semantikur kvlevaTa Sedegad<br />
aRmoCn<strong>da</strong>, rom `me~ ganumartavi sityvaa. saxeldobr, originaluri<br />
semantikuri Teoriis avtorma, a. veJbickam miznad <strong>da</strong>isaxa, gamoevlina<br />
is semantikuri erTeulebi (`primitivebi~), romlebic, TavisTavad,<br />
ganumartavia (intuiciurad cxadi mniSvnelobisaa) <strong>da</strong> romelTa<br />
meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia nebismieri sityvis an gamonaTqvamis<br />
ganmarteba. mecnierma <strong>da</strong>asabuTa, rom erT-erTi amgvari `primitivi~<br />
aris `me~.<br />
amgvarad, `me~-s semantika ver ganimarteba sxva sityvebis meSveobiT<br />
(ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, aq vgulisxmobT fsiqologiur, filosofiur <strong>da</strong> a.S.<br />
eqsplikaciebs), e.i. is TavisTavad cxadi mniSvnelobisaa - `me aris<br />
me~, an `me var me~.<br />
magram `me var me~ aris im filosofiuri koncefciis pirveli<br />
(samTagan) ZiriTadi debuleba, romelmac, v. Slegelis azriT, biZgi<br />
misca romantizmis warmoSobas. vgulisxmobT iohan gotlib <strong>fixte</strong>s<br />
`zogad moZRvrebas mecnierebis Sesaxeb~. <strong>fixte</strong>s Teoriuli sistemis<br />
es pirveli debuleba logikur aspeqtSi niSnavs `me~-s TviTigiveobriobas,<br />
xolo semantikurSi (Tumca filosofoss es sakiTxi<br />
ar <strong>da</strong>usvams) – imas, rom `me~ ganumartavi cnebaa * .<br />
* veJbickas Teoria miznad isaxavs imis <strong>da</strong>mtkicebas, rom azrovneba emyareba<br />
elementarul, TavisTavad cxad cnebebs (maT Soris - `me~-s cnebas). aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare, azrovneba warmogvidgeba, rogorc semantikurad <strong>da</strong>fuZnebuli procesi.<br />
analogiurad, <strong>fixte</strong>sTan uTvisebo (ganumartavi), TviTigiveobrivi `me~-s cneba<br />
filosofiuri moZRvrebis logikuri safuZvelia. amgvari `wertilovani~ cnebebis<br />
Sesaxeb v.s. bibleri SeniSnavs: `obieqti iqceva ufro rTuli obieqtebisa <strong>da</strong><br />
procesebis argumentad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu es obieqti SeiZleba gaviazroT<br />
rogorc erTiani ... misive myofobis TviTkmari aucileblobis wyalobiT~ (bibleri,<br />
1975; 205). amgvari TviTkmari `obieqtia~ `me~ veJbickas TeoriaSic <strong>da</strong> <strong>fixte</strong>s<br />
sistemaSic. orive SemTxvevaSi `me~-s uTviseboba (ganumartavoba) emsaxureba<br />
`ufro rTuli obieqtebis~ (veJbickasTan – sityvebisa <strong>da</strong> gamonaTqvamebis, <strong>fixte</strong>sTan<br />
ki `arame~-s) – Semecnebisa <strong>da</strong> ganmartebis mizans.
<strong>filosofia</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>poezia</strong> (<strong>fixte</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>)<br />
<strong>fixte</strong> mouwodebs mkiTxvels: `Cawvdi sakuTar Tavs, moacile<br />
mzera yvelafers, rac Sen garSemoa, <strong>da</strong> mimarTe is sakuTari Tavisken~<br />
(<strong>fixte</strong> 1993: 448). `mas, vinc icnobierebs sakuTar Tavisuflebas <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>moukideblobas garemosgan ... ar sWirdeba sagnebi sakuTari `me~s<br />
sayrdenad <strong>da</strong> verc isargeblebs sagnebiT, radgan isini aqarwyleben<br />
<strong>da</strong> Zirs uTxrian am <strong>da</strong>moukideblobas~ (iqve, 460).<br />
<strong>fixte</strong>s am msjelobaSi ukve igulisxmeba pirovnebis is koncefcia,<br />
romelmac gamoxatuleba pova romantizmSi. marTlac, pirovnebis<br />
garemos warmoadgens, upirveles yovlisa, misi uaxloesi socialuri<br />
garemo, anu `Sen~. `Tavisuflebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>moukideblobis~ misaRwevad<br />
saWiroa am `Sen~-isgan `mzeris acileba~, misgan gamijvna. amasTan<br />
`Sen~ ukvalod ver gaqreba. hkargavs ra Tavis funqcias (rogorc<br />
pirovnebis uaxloesi socialuri garemo), is interiorizdeba,<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>inacvlebs TviT `me~-s farglebSi <strong>da</strong> iqceva mis Semadgenel<br />
komponentad. warmoiqmneba pirovnebis `mravalkomponentiani~<br />
struqtura, mis garSemo ki – socialuri vakuumi. safiqrebelia,<br />
rom swored amgvaria romantizmSi `Siangani oreulebis~ an, saerTod,<br />
`oreulebis poetikisa~ <strong>da</strong> martoobis motivis popularobis mizezebi<br />
(sul erTia, hqon<strong>da</strong>T es gacnobierebuli romantikosebs an TviT<br />
<strong>fixte</strong>s, Tu – ara).<br />
* * *<br />
<strong>da</strong>vubrundeT <strong>fixte</strong>s moZRvrebis pirvel debulebas - `me var<br />
me~. am debulebis mixedviT, samyaros logikuri centria `me~, anu<br />
samyaro logikurad fuZndeba `me~-Si, rogorc `saganSi~. es niSnavs,<br />
rom sxva `sagnebi~, `garemo~ ar arsebobs. Sesabamisad, romantikul<br />
literaturaSi mkvidrdeba samyaros asaxvis imgvari xerxi, romelic<br />
warmoaCens mis idumalebas (uTvisebobas). peizaJi ZiriTa<strong>da</strong>d<br />
`Rameulia~, bindSia Cafluli. aseTia gr. orbelianis `saRamo<br />
gamosalmebisa~. nik. <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s leqsebSi - `cisa fers~ <strong>da</strong><br />
`SemoRameba mTawmin<strong>da</strong>zed~ - samyaro gaazrebulia, rogorc `bneliT<br />
moculi~, Tvisebrivad ganusazRvreli mocemuloba. calkeuli sagnebi<br />
masSi TiTqos uCinardeba, araaRqmadia. <strong>baraTaSvili</strong> xSirad mimarTavs<br />
agreTve sagnebisa <strong>da</strong> movlenebis Tavisufal predikacias, ise, TiTqos<br />
ar arsebobdes konkretuli sagnebi myari niSanTvisebebiT. al.<br />
WavWavaZisa <strong>da</strong> gr. orbelianis <strong>poezia</strong>Si samyaros groteskuli xati<br />
emyareba samyarosgan `mzeris acilebis~ (samyaros suraTis<br />
deformaciis) princips.
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>lomiZe</strong><br />
Tavisi moZRvrebis pirvel debulebas <strong>fixte</strong> uwodebs `sruliad<br />
upirobos~. esaa TavisTavad cxadi debuleba, romelic am niSniT<br />
gansxvavdeba meore debulebisagan: `me~ ar udris `arame~-s. meore<br />
debuleba, filosofosis gansazRvriT, `ganpirobebulia Tavisi<br />
SinaarsiT~, e.i. `me~-s postulireba garduvalad gulisxmobs `arame~s<br />
postulirebasac. amasTan, mesame debulebis (`me~ udris `me~-sa <strong>da</strong><br />
`arame~-s) mixedviT, sasruli `me~ <strong>da</strong> `arame~ gaerTianebulia erTi<br />
<strong>da</strong> imave cnobierebis farglebSi.<br />
rogoria logikuri safuZveli, romelmac <strong>fixte</strong> mesame<br />
debulebamde miiyvana?<br />
germaneli filosofosis mizani <strong>da</strong> saboloo amocanaa `me~-s<br />
arsis Semecneba, misi, rogorc cnebis gansazRvra. magram rogor<br />
un<strong>da</strong> SevimecnoT `me~, Tu is predikatebis armqone, TavisTavad cxadi<br />
<strong>da</strong> ganumartavia? ra Tqma un<strong>da</strong>, es SesaZlebelia mxolod sxva cnebasTan<br />
misi Sepirispirebis meSveobiT. <strong>da</strong> es ukanaskneli aucileblad un<strong>da</strong><br />
iyos ... isev `me~, magram pirveli `me~-sgan gansxvavebuli, rac <strong>da</strong>saSvebia<br />
martooden maSin, rodesac pirveli `me~ <strong>da</strong> meore `me~ (`arame~,<br />
`Sen~) erTi <strong>da</strong> imave cnobierebis farglebSi igulisxmeba.<br />
marTlac, cnebis Camoyalibebis procesi amgvaria: `ori `sagnis~<br />
urTierTSenacvlebadoba warmoqmnis `cnebis~ safuZvels. Tu ori<br />
gansxvavebuli sagani urTierTSenacvlebadia garkveuli sityvis mimarT,<br />
maSin mocemul sityvaSi xorcieldeba mTi invariantis an kontaqtis<br />
ganyeneba <strong>da</strong> ganzogadeba~ (porSnevi 1974: 474). cxadia, es ori (an<br />
meti) sagani absoluturad identuri ki araa, aramed – gaaCnia<br />
arsebiTi erTgvarovani niSanTvisebebi, romlebic aucileblad<br />
ganekuTvneba am sagnebs <strong>da</strong> Seesabameba maT arss. amgvarad, vinai<strong>da</strong>n<br />
interiorizebis Sedegad `arame~ (`Sen~) imave cnobierebis komponentad<br />
iqceva, romelic `me~-s moicavs, es `arame~-c `me~-s nairsaxeobaa, misi<br />
sxvadyofnaa. `me~-sa <strong>da</strong> `arame~-s invariantis ganzogadeba saSualebas<br />
iZleva, Camoyalibdes `me~-s cneba.<br />
* * *<br />
nik. <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s <strong>poezia</strong>Si TvalsaCinod vlindeba `oreulebis<br />
poetikis~ <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi. magaliTad, `meranSi~<br />
lirikuli gmiris oreulia merani, rogorc Sinagani `arame~.<br />
faqtobrivad, lirikuli gmiri aq pasiuria, xolo aqtiuroba,<br />
qmedebis unari miewereba merans, romelsac mihyavs lirikuli gmiri<br />
bedis `samZRvrisken~. am nawarmoebis ZiriTadi motivia Tavisuflebisken<br />
ltolva, rac yovelgvari (socialuri Tu sxva saxis)
<strong>filosofia</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>poezia</strong> (<strong>fixte</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>)<br />
kavSirebisgan ganTavisuflebis tolfasia (`raa, movSorde Cemsa<br />
mamulsa ...~ <strong>da</strong> a.S.). sagnobrivi garemosgan ganTavisufleba, leqsis<br />
mxatvruli koncefciis mixedviT (zustad ise, rogorc <strong>fixte</strong><br />
fiqrob<strong>da</strong>), cnobierebis ganTavisuflebas moaswavebs <strong>da</strong> aseT pirobebSi<br />
`me~-s ZaluZs, `mimarTos mzera sakuTari Tavisken~ <strong>da</strong> Seimecnos es<br />
ukanaskneli Tavisi `arame~-s meSveobiT.<br />
`xma idumalSic~ aqtiuria Sinagani xma (Sinagani `arame~), romelic<br />
iqvemdebarebs gmirs, mis fiqrebs <strong>da</strong> mTel cxovrebas. aseTivea `sulo<br />
boroto~, romlis pirvelsave taepSi lirikuli gmiri Tavis<br />
`winamZRvars~, Tavisi `gonebisa <strong>da</strong> sicocxlis aRmaSfoTars~ uwodebs<br />
Sinagan oreuls (imaze, rom boroti suli Sinagani oreulia,<br />
migvaniSnebs Sesityveba `ganvedi Cemgan~). amitom SeiZleba iTqvas,<br />
rom <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s SemoqmedebaSi `arame~ yovelTvis aqtiuria, `me~<br />
ki – umoqmedo, pasiuri.<br />
SemTxveviTia Tu ara `me~-sa <strong>da</strong> `arame~-s amgvari gaazreba? Tu<br />
is ganpirobebulia romantikuli msoflaRqmis specifikiT?<br />
vnaxoT, rogor gansazRvravs <strong>fixte</strong> `me~-sa <strong>da</strong> `arame~-s<br />
urTierTmimarTebebs Tavisi sistemis mesame debulebis ganmartebisas.<br />
filosofosi xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom moqmedeba <strong>da</strong> realuroba<br />
identuri Sinaarsis mqone cnebebia (realuria is, rasac moqmedebis<br />
unari aqvs, <strong>da</strong> piruku). `me~-s TviTSemecneba moqmedebaa (garkveuli<br />
aqtia) <strong>da</strong>, amgvarad, `me~ realuria. meore mxriv, `me~ Seimecnebs<br />
sakuTar Tavs `arame~-s meSveobiT, anu `arame~-m un<strong>da</strong> gansazRvros<br />
(gansazRvra ki moqmedebaa) `me~. maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, `arame~-c realuria; es<br />
ki logikuri winaaRmdegobaa, radgan `me~ <strong>da</strong> `arame~, rogorc<br />
urTierTsapirispiro mocemulobebi, erTi <strong>da</strong> imave niSniT ar un<strong>da</strong><br />
xasiaTdebodes. am winaaRmdegobis moxsnis mizniT <strong>fixte</strong> miawers<br />
`me~-s (romelsac gansazRvravs `arame~) moqmedebis sapirispiro<br />
mdgomareobas – vnebiTs. amasTan, `arame~-s ar gaaCnia araviTari<br />
realuroba, Tu `me~ ar imyofeba vnebiT mdgomareobaSi, xolo im<br />
SemTxve-vaSi, rodesac `arame~-s realuroba miewereba, es realuroba<br />
moCvenebiTia.<br />
<strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s mxatvruli azrovnebisa <strong>da</strong> <strong>fixte</strong>s filosofiur<br />
debulebaTa Tanxvedra ar amoiwureba imiT, rom qarTveli romantikosis<br />
nawarmoebebSi `me~ pasiuria (vnebiT mdgomareobaSia), `arame~-sgan<br />
gansxvavebiT. `meranSi~ `me~ (metyvelebis subieqti) realuria –<br />
imdenad, ramdena<strong>da</strong>c realuria teqsti, romlis meSveobiTac `me~<br />
gamoxatavs sakuTar Tavs. `arame~ realuri araa, radgan ar gaaCnia<br />
araviTari sagnobrivi denotati (merani aRniSnavs ara `cxens~, aramed
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>lomiZe</strong><br />
– Sinagan `arame~-s) <strong>da</strong>, gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, ar warmoadgens metyvelebis<br />
subieqts. amave mizeziT, realuria lirikuli gmiri (rogorc `me~)<br />
<strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s yvela im nawarmoebSi, romlebSic aisaxa lirikuli<br />
gmiris Sinagani gaoreba, <strong>da</strong>, Sesabamisad, ararealuria misi `arame~.<br />
iseT nawarmoebebSi, rogoricaa `SemoRameba mTawmin<strong>da</strong>zed~ <strong>da</strong> `fiqrni<br />
mtkvris piras~ (sa<strong>da</strong>c avtori mimarTavs movlenaTa Tavisufal<br />
predikacias) realuria pirveli gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisi, romelsac<br />
ganamtkicebs teqstis realuroba, misi myofoba. meore (sapirispiro)<br />
Tvalsazrisi un<strong>da</strong> mivakuTvnoT `arame~-s (niSandoblivia, rom is<br />
yovelTvis gamoTqmulia nawarmoebis bolo strofSi).<br />
al. WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi, sa<strong>da</strong>c gamoxatuleba pova<br />
karnavalurma motivebma <strong>da</strong> romantikuli groteskis poetikam, Tavs<br />
iCens pirovnebis garegnuli gaoreba. misi karnavaluri niRabi `arame~s<br />
erTgvari nairsaxeobaa, radgan is enacvleba (faravs) a<strong>da</strong>mianis<br />
saxes. aseT SemTxvevaSi a<strong>da</strong>mians aqvs ori saxe: saCinari <strong>da</strong> uCinari,<br />
socialuri <strong>da</strong> individualuri, WeSmariti <strong>da</strong> araWeSmariti, realuri<br />
<strong>da</strong> ararealuri. WeSmariti saxe, rogorc uCinari, `pasiuria~<br />
(ufunqcioa). a<strong>da</strong>miani aRiqmeba mxolod misi niRbis mixedviT. am<br />
gagebiT, vnebiT mdgomareobaSia `me~ xolo aqtiuria `arame~<br />
(igulisxmeba socialuri roli, romelsac akisrebs a<strong>da</strong>mians niRabi<br />
karnavalur situaciaSi). aseve, realuria (radgan WeSmaritia) niRbiT<br />
<strong>da</strong>faruli saxe, xolo ararealuria (moCvenebiTi realurobiT<br />
xasiaTdeba) niRabi.<br />
gr. orbelianis SemoqmedebaSi `arame~ xorcSesxmulia<br />
karnavaluri crumefeebis saxeebSi. maTi ararealuroba imaSi<br />
gamoixateba, rom isini swored rom crumefeebia <strong>da</strong> karnavalis<br />
<strong>da</strong>mTavrebis Semdeg ga<strong>da</strong>inacvleben `sikvdilis fazaSi~, anu kvlav<br />
`monebad~ iqcevian. aRsaniSnavia, rom gr. orbelianis, iseve, rogorc<br />
al. WavWavaZis SemoqmedebaSi `me~-sa <strong>da</strong> `ara-me~-s <strong>da</strong>pirispireba<br />
vlindeba maSin, rodesac TiToeuli maTganis nawarmoebTa erTobliobas<br />
ganvixilavT, rogorc erTian teqsts.<br />
zemoTqmuli<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, SeiZleba <strong>da</strong>vaskvnaT, rom qarTvel<br />
romantikosTa (<strong>da</strong>, gansakuTrebiT, nik. <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>s) <strong>poezia</strong>Si `me~s<br />
poeturi xati yalibdebo<strong>da</strong> imave principebis Sesabamisad, romlebic<br />
safuZvlad <strong>da</strong>edo `me~-s cnebis SemuSavebas <strong>fixte</strong>s filosofiur<br />
sistemaSi.
<strong>filosofia</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>poezia</strong> (<strong>fixte</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>)<br />
* * *<br />
rogorc irkveva, genetikurad cnebiTi azrovneba mWidrod<br />
ukavSirdeba xatovan azrovnebas <strong>da</strong>, faqtobrivad, am ukanasknelis<br />
wiaRSi aRmocen<strong>da</strong>. es procesi detalurad aRwera o.m. freidenbergma<br />
Tavis naSromSi `xati <strong>da</strong> cneba~.<br />
mecnieris miTiTebiT, xatovani azrovnebis Camoyalibebamde,<br />
miTologiur azrovnebaSi, ZiriTad princips warmoadgen<strong>da</strong> saxeTa,<br />
warmodgenaTa polisemantizmi. `amgvari msoflaRqmis wanamZRvrebi<br />
ganpirobebuli iyo gnoseologiuri mizezebiT – Tvisebriv<br />
maxasiaTebelTa ararsebobiT, warmodgenaTa <strong>da</strong>unawevreblobiTa <strong>da</strong><br />
igiveobriobiT, rac aiZuleb<strong>da</strong> a<strong>da</strong>mians, <strong>da</strong>eyo samyaro iseT<br />
urTierTsapirispiro movlenebad, rogoricaa sicocxle <strong>da</strong> sikvdili,<br />
siTbo <strong>da</strong> sicive, sinaTle <strong>da</strong> wyvdiadi <strong>da</strong> a.S. isini<br />
personificirdebo<strong>da</strong> `msgavs~ arsebaTa wyvilebSi. maTgan erTi<br />
(<strong>da</strong>debiTi sawyisi) ganasaxiereb<strong>da</strong> `Tvisebas~, xolo meore (uaryofiTi<br />
sawyisi) – mxolod mis konkretul `msgavsebas~, garegnul iers<br />
`Tvisebis~ gareSe~ (freidenbergi 1998: 235).<br />
maSasa<strong>da</strong>me, miTologiuri azrovneba waagavs sagnis (kerZod, `me~s)<br />
gaazrebas romantizmis epoqaSi – romantizmma `me~-s miawera<br />
binaruli struqtura, romelSic erT wevrs (`arame~-s) hqon<strong>da</strong><br />
`Tviseba~ (moqmedebis unari, aqtiuroba), meore ki – pasiuri, `vnebiT<br />
mdgomareobaSi~ myofi iyo.<br />
subieqtisa <strong>da</strong> obieqtis urTierTgamijvnis Semdeg, aRniSnavs o.<br />
freidenbergi, sinamdvile aRiqmebo<strong>da</strong>, rogorc realuri movlenebisa<br />
<strong>da</strong> garegnulad maTi `msgavsi~ (iluzoruli) movlenebis erToblioba,<br />
anu originalisa <strong>da</strong> misi oreulis uwindel igiveobriobas Seenacvla<br />
gansxvavebuli sagnebis moCvenebiTi msgavseba, rac gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> sagnis<br />
Tvisebis ga<strong>da</strong>tanas meore saganze. swored amgvarad warmoiSva,<br />
freidenbergis miTiTebiT, metafora, romelsac cnebis funqcia hqon<strong>da</strong>.<br />
amasTan, ga<strong>da</strong>taniTi mniSvneloba warmoiqmnebo<strong>da</strong> mxolod maSin, rodesac<br />
ori sagani semantikurad igiveobrivi iyo.<br />
`rodesac esqile ambobs, rom gmiri `Sevi<strong>da</strong> aboboqrebul zRvaSi~,<br />
is ar ganmartavs Tavis azrs. antikuri mayurebeli, romlisTvisac<br />
`qariSxali~ <strong>da</strong> `qariSxlisgan aboboqrebuli zRva~, rogorc wesi,<br />
aRniSnav<strong>da</strong> `<strong>da</strong>Rupvas~, Tavis warmosaxvaSi xatavs gamouvali<br />
ubedurebis suraTs. amasTan, gmiris garSemo araa araviTari zRva, is<br />
arsad Sesula <strong>da</strong> misi mdgomareobis tragizmi moraluri <strong>da</strong><br />
religiuri xasiaTisaa. magram mayurebeli, romelic ismens zRvis<br />
Sesaxeb naTqvam sityvebs, fiqrobs moraluri koliziis Sesaxeb.
<strong>Tamar</strong> <strong>lomiZe</strong><br />
xati metyvelebs Tavisi xatovani eniT yovelgvari cnebis gareSe,<br />
xolo msmeneli yurs ugdebs ambavs <strong>da</strong> aRiqvams sruliad sxvas –<br />
ideis donemde ganzogadebul cnebas. xatis semantika ga<strong>da</strong>tanilia<br />
cnebaze. aboboqrebuli zRva zneobrivi koliziaa~ (freidenbergi<br />
1998: 544).<br />
freidenbergi vrclad msjelobs metaforisa <strong>da</strong> cnebis genetikuri<br />
erTianobis Sesaxeb <strong>da</strong>, marTlac, sagnis Tvisebis ga<strong>da</strong>tana meore<br />
saganze sxva araferia, Tu ara metafora, magram vlindeba Tu ara<br />
mecnieris mier moyvanil magaliTebSi enobrivi plani? 1 Tu asea, maSin<br />
metaforuli paradigmis sityvier gamoxatulebebSi Tavs un<strong>da</strong> iCendes<br />
seleqciis principi 2 , anu Tavisufali SerCeviToba, es ki xorcieldeba<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac paradigma moicavs orze met wevrs, an Tu<br />
paradigmis wevrebs Soris arsebobs ara uzualuri, aramed –<br />
okazionaluri kavSiri.<br />
magram metafora, rogorc aRniSnavs freidenbergi, warmoiqmnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
mxolod ori gansazRvruli sagnis semantikuri igiveobriobis<br />
pirobebSi – ar SeiZlebo<strong>da</strong> nebismieri sagnis Tvisebis ga<strong>da</strong>tana<br />
nebismier sxva saganze. enobrivi koleqtivis cnobierebaSi<br />
`aboboqrebuli zRva~ yovelTvis gulisxmob<strong>da</strong> gamouval ubedurebas,<br />
xolo homerosiseuli gamoTqma `rkinis guli~ - Seupovrobas, xasiaTis<br />
simtkices. amgvari metaforebi, Cveni azriT, miekuTvneba metonimiuri<br />
metaforebis rigs, radgan isini sintagmebia, romlebic gamoricxavs<br />
yovelgvar seleqcias (sainteresoa, rom termin `metaforis~ farTod<br />
gagebis gamo freidenbergi metaforad miiCnevs poetur xats ãóáû<br />
òâîè – âèíîãðàäíàÿ ëîçà, romelic, arsebiTad, Se<strong>da</strong>rebaa). amgvarad, im<br />
etapze, rodesac warmoiqmneba cnebiTi azrovneba, metafora myar<br />
sintagma<strong>da</strong>a qceuli <strong>da</strong> ukve ganekuTvneba `metonimiur poluss~<br />
1 metaforas, iakobsonis kvalobaze, mivakuTvnebT paradigmatul poluss (enobriv<br />
plans), paradigmis wevrebi ki, sosiuris gansazRvriT, `ar aris cnobierebaSi<br />
mocemuli arc garkveuli raodenobis, arc – garkveuli mimdevrobis saxiT~<br />
(sosiuri, 1977; 258). amitom gansazRvruli sityvebis (cnebebis) myari SekavSirebis<br />
gziT wrmoqmnil sintagmebs metaforebad ar miviCnevT, ganurCevlad imisa, rogoraa<br />
isini warmodgenili metyvelebaSi – orive wevriT Tu mxolod erTiT.<br />
2 sagulisxmoa, rom iakobsoni metaforis principad asaxulebs xan substitucias<br />
(Senacvlebas), xan seleqcias, xan ki – orives erTad. vfiqrobT, ufro koreqtulia<br />
metaforis principad martooden seleqciis aRiareba, radgan subtitucia saufZvlad<br />
udevs ara marto metaforas, aramed – sxva tropebsac (J. Jenetis azriT – yvela<br />
trops). rac Seexeba seleqcias, e.i. alternatiuli variantebis SerCevis operacias,<br />
is <strong>da</strong>maxasiaTebelia mxolod <strong>da</strong> mxolod metaforisTvis.
<strong>filosofia</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>poezia</strong> (<strong>fixte</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>baraTaSvili</strong>)<br />
(iakobsonis termini). aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare, cnebiTi azrovneba<br />
genetikurad ukavSirdeba metonimias <strong>da</strong> ara metaforas.<br />
rogorc vnaxeT, antikur epoqaSi, cnebiTi azrovnebis warmoSobisas,<br />
xati gvevlinebo<strong>da</strong> cnebis funqciiT, romantizmis epoqaSi, rodesac<br />
filosofiuri refleqsis sagnad iqca a<strong>da</strong>mianisTvis umniSvnelovanesi<br />
cneba - `me~-s cneba, xats (kerZod, `me~-s xats) igive funqcia <strong>da</strong>ekisra.<br />
literatura<br />
averincevi 1972: Àâåðèíöåâ Ñ. Ñ. «Àíàëèòè÷åñêàÿ ïñèõî ëîãèÿ».<br />
Ê.Ã. Þíãà è çàêî í îìåðíîñòè òâî ð÷åñêîé ôàíòàçèè – kreb. «Î<br />
ñîâðåìåííîé áóðæóàçíîé ýñòåòèêå», Ì. 1972.<br />
bibleri 1975: Áèáëåð Â.Ñ. Ìûøëåíèå êàê òâîð÷åñòâî, Ì. 1975.<br />
porSnevi 1974: Ïîðøíåâ Á.Ô. Î íà÷àëå ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé èñòîðèè, Ì.<br />
1974.<br />
raseli 1957: Ðàññåë Á. ×åëîâå÷åñêî å ïîçíàíèå, Ì. 1957.<br />
sosiuri 1977: Ñîññþð Ô. äå Òðóäû ïî ÿçûêîçíàíèþ, Ì. 1977.<br />
<strong>fixte</strong> 1993: Ôèõòå È. Ã. Ñî÷èíåíèÿ â 2-õ ò., ò. I, Ñ.-Ïá. 1993.<br />
freidenbergi 1998: Ôðåéäåíáåðã Î. Ì. Ìèô è ëèòåðàòóðà äðåâíîñòè,<br />
Ì. 1998.<br />
<strong>Tamar</strong> Lomidze<br />
Self-conception in the Works of Georgian Romanticist<br />
Poets<br />
The article observes the Self-image structure in the works of Georgian<br />
Romanticist poets (Al. Chavchavadze, Gr. Orbeliani and Nic. Baratashvili), which<br />
is compared with Self-conception in the philosophical system of I.G. Fixte. It has<br />
been found that in these poet’s works cognizing of Self essence is realized in the<br />
same ways, which is observed in philosophy, that is, the Self poetic image has a<br />
notional structure. After that the problem of genesis of notional and picturesque<br />
thinking and their correlation in the antique epoch are being analyzed. It is mentioned<br />
that during the antique epoch, while appearing abstract thinking the image carried<br />
out the function of notion, but at the of Romanticism epoch, when the object of<br />
philosophical reflection was the most important notion – Self’s notion – the image<br />
(in particular, Self~s image) was carrying out the same function.
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