maia firCxaZe swavleba kognituri sqemebiT pedagogikis erT-erT ...
maia firCxaZe swavleba kognituri sqemebiT pedagogikis erT-erT ...
maia firCxaZe swavleba kognituri sqemebiT pedagogikis erT-erT ...
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1<br />
<strong>maia</strong> <strong>firCxaZe</strong><br />
<strong>swavleba</strong> <strong>kognituri</strong> <strong>sqemebiT</strong><br />
<strong>pedagogikis</strong> <strong>erT</strong>-<strong>erT</strong> urTules problemad rCeba kavSiri adamianis<br />
<strong>swavleba</strong>sa da ganviTarebas Soris. es sakiTxi aqtualuria reformis<br />
periodSic, rodesac icvleba sistemuri midgoma swavlebis mTeli rigi<br />
sakiTxebisadmi.<br />
saswavlo procesSi <strong>kognituri</strong> sqemebis CarTva xels uwyobs moswavlis<br />
azrovnebis ganviTarebas, mecnieruli codnis dauflebisaTvis saWiro<br />
unarebis gamomuSavebas, intuiciuri da logikuri azrovnebis<br />
ganviTarebas, Sinagani motivebis win wamowevas: cnobismoyvareobas,<br />
kompetenturobisadmi swrafvas, jgufuri muSaobis unar-Cvevebis SeZenas,<br />
diskusiis efeqtianad warmarTvas, seminaris momzadebas;… xels uwyobs<br />
agreTve moswavlis SemoqmedebiTi unarebis ganviTarebas, informaciis<br />
moZiebis damoukidebeli gzebis aRmoCenas, codnis struqturirebas.<br />
terminiT “kognitivizmi” aRniSnaven saWiro sakiTxis kvlevis sazRvrebs,<br />
enas/metyvelebas, mexsierebas, warmodgenebs. am dros aqtiurad xdeba<br />
arsebuli codnis organizeba-kognizacia, gaanalizeba, informaciis<br />
transformacia. sqema warmoadgens teqstis kontrolis meqanizms,<br />
romelic nawilisa da mTelis, konceptisa da detalebis<br />
urTi<strong>erT</strong>mimarTebebis dadgenasa da danaxvaSi gvexmareba. amitomaa, rom<br />
xSirad am sqemebs kognitur diagramebs uwodeben.<br />
<strong>kognituri</strong> sqemebis gamoyenebis areali:
2<br />
Teoriulma kvlevebma da praqtikulma magaliTebma aCvena, rom <strong>kognituri</strong><br />
sqemebi exmareba moswavleebsac da maswavleblebsac:<br />
moswavleebs: informaciis mwyobrad organizebaSi; informaciis<br />
gaanalizebaSi; vizualizaciaSi; kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis<br />
ganviTarebaSi.<br />
maswavleblebs: <strong>kognituri</strong> sqemebis gamoyenebisas maswavlebeli<br />
moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, gaaaqtiuron winare codna. aseTi sqema<br />
exmareba maswavlebels axali masalis axsnaSi; zedmiwevniTi<br />
konkretulobiT ajamebinebs moswavleebs aTvisebul masalas. exmareba<br />
pedagogs moswavlisaTvis iseTi saswavlo garemos SeqmnaSi, romelic<br />
xels uwyobs movlenebis sworad gaanalizebas; exmareba pedagogs<br />
moswavlis progresis, misi akademiuri moswrebis aRnusxvasa da<br />
SefasebaSi.<br />
ganvixiloT ramdenime <strong>kognituri</strong> sqema Semdeg formatSi:<br />
K<strong>kognituri</strong> sqemis<br />
dasaxeleba<br />
Aambis/Sinaarsis<br />
organizebis sqema.<br />
ra mizniT iyenebs<br />
maswavlebeli?<br />
zedmiwevniTi<br />
konkretulobiT<br />
ajamebinebs<br />
moswavleebs<br />
aTvisebul masalas.<br />
Mmovlena da Sedegebi <strong>kognituri</strong> sqemebis<br />
gamoyenebiT xsnis axal<br />
masalas.<br />
Mmizez-Sedegobriobis<br />
ruka<br />
exmareba pedagogs,<br />
moswavles Seuqmnas<br />
iseTi saswavlo garemo,<br />
romelic masalis<br />
sworad gaanalizebas<br />
uwyobs xels.<br />
raSi exmareba<br />
moswavles?<br />
gaixsenos: istoriuli<br />
pirovnebebi, moqmedebis<br />
adgili. dainaxos<br />
problemis dinamika da<br />
Sedegi.<br />
informaciis<br />
gaanalizebaSi<br />
Mmovlenis/problemis<br />
gaanalizebaSi (ama-Tu<br />
im movlenis gamomwvevi<br />
mizezebisa da<br />
Sedegebis analizi).
3<br />
maswavlebeli, gakveTilis miznidan gamomdinare, iyenebs am an sxva<br />
kognitur sqemas, romlis daxmarebiTac axdens azrovnebis aqtivacias.<br />
magaliTad:<br />
_ sagani – istoria<br />
_ klasi – X<br />
_ Tema – aRmosavluri istoriografia Sua saukuneebSi<br />
_ davaleba: waikiTxeT nawyvetebi ibn xaldunis “wignidan” da SeasruleT<br />
praqtikuli samuSao<br />
wyaro a:<br />
“adamianTa sazogadoebam gaiara veluroba, primitiuli arseboba da<br />
gardaiqmna civilizebulad. magram saqalaqo cxovrebis zrda-ganviTareba<br />
Tavis TavSi itevda sawyiss TviTganadgurebisas da dacemisas.<br />
ganviTarebis kvalobaze xdeboda xelisuflebis gaucxoeba<br />
sazogadoebisagan, warmoebis ganviTareba ki iwvevda samarTlianobis<br />
principis rRvevas, fufunebisken miswrafeba warmoSobda socialur<br />
diferenciacias. yovelive amis gamo mosaxleobaSi izrdeboda maqinaciebi,<br />
tyuili, qurdoba,… bolos, konfliqtis bunebis Tanaxmad da, alahis<br />
nebiT, moxdeboda “elituri~ jgufebis morigi wriuli cvla... nebismier<br />
sazogadoebas sWirdeba “TavSekaveba~ agresiis, TviTganadgurebis<br />
bunebrivi midrekilebebisagan, amgvar qmedebebs sazogadoeba win unda<br />
aRudges. amaSi mas exmareba saxelmwifo, romelic <strong>erT</strong> mTlianobad aqcevs<br />
xalxs, magram Tavad saxelmwifoebic icvlebian garkveuli principebis<br />
mixedviT, rogoricaa warmoSoba _ ga<strong>erT</strong>ianeba _ gafurCqvna _<br />
Zaladobaze gadasvla _ dacema da aRsasruli. da yvelaferi iwyeba<br />
Tavidan. cxovreba, adamianTa sazogadoeba, samyaro _ kvlav Tavisi gziT<br />
midis”.<br />
wyaro b:<br />
“mravalma, romlebic gadmogvcemen cnobebs, ar ician mizani imisa, rac<br />
naxes da gaigones da gadmogvcemen Sexedulebebs anda varaudebs, riTac<br />
eflobian tyuilSi. amitom cnobebi daSorebulebi arian sinamdviles.<br />
mizezTa Soris, romelsac mivyavarT tyuilamde – esaa sazogadoebis<br />
bunebis ucodinroba, radgan yovel movlenas gaaCnia Tavisi buneba da<br />
masTan dakavSirebuli garemoebebis xasiaTi. da Tu (mematiane) icnobs<br />
movlenaTa bunebas da garemoebebs _ rogor arseboben isini da riT<br />
arseboben, es daexmareba mas, gaarCios cnobebi da gamoyos tyuili<br />
marTlisagan~.<br />
gakveTilis saswavlo mizani standartis mixedviT: moswavle gaecnos<br />
aRmosavluri istoriografiis ZiriTad mimarTulebebs; imsjelos<br />
politikuri sistemebis cvlilebis mizezebze; gamoyos civilizaciis<br />
niSnebi.
4<br />
teqstze dayrdnobiT moswavleebs, sasurvelia, mivceT aseTi tipis<br />
davaleba:<br />
a) mocemulia sazogadoebis ganviTarebis kibe. wyaros mixedviT,<br />
daasaTaure civilizaciis istoriis TiToeuli safexuri:<br />
1<br />
2<br />
b) ganviTarebis romeli safexuri uqmnis safrTxes sazogadoebis<br />
arsebobas? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
g) ra iwvevs politikuri sistemebis rRvevas da daSlas?<br />
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />
d) wyaroze dayrdnobiT gamoyavi, ra etapebs gadis saxelmwifo,<br />
sazogadoebis ga<strong>erT</strong>ianebis yvelaze myari forma, arsebobis manZilze:<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
e) Seavse sqema _ `aRmosavluri istoriografiis mTavari damaxasiaTebeli<br />
niSnebi~:<br />
aRmosavluri<br />
istoriografiis<br />
mTavari damaxasiaTebeli<br />
niSnebi<br />
zemoT moyvanili xuTi savarjiSo exmareba moswavles wyaroSi mocemuli<br />
masalis gaazrebasa da gamoyenebaSi.<br />
3
5<br />
mas Semdeg, rac moswavle, savarjiSoebis daxmarebiT, mocemul<br />
wyaros/teqsts gaiazrebs, SegviZlia mas sxva <strong>kognituri</strong> sqema mivceT,<br />
romliTac igi miRebul codnas daukavSirebs winare codnas an axal<br />
masalas.<br />
cxadia, aq moyvanili <strong>kognituri</strong> sqemebis garda arsebobs kognitur<br />
savarjiSoTa mTeli kaleidoskopi.<br />
sqema _ vici, minda vicode, viswavle<br />
igi gamoiyeneba sagakveTilo procesSi teqstze muSaobisas, rac<br />
amzadebs moswavles masalis mTlianobaSi gaazrebisaTvis;<br />
gviCvenebs, ra aris mocemul teqstSi moswavlisaTvis<br />
mniSvnelovani;<br />
gviCvenebs, ra iswavla man am teqstiT;<br />
aviTarebs informaciis daxarisxebis unar-Cvevas;<br />
aZlierebs teqstis kiTxvisa da masze muSaobis motivacias;<br />
aviTarebs kiTxvis dasmis unar-Cvevas;<br />
aviTarebs weriTi metyvelebis unar-Cvevas.<br />
es strategia gamoiyeneba rogorc individualuri muSaobisas, aseve<br />
wyvilebsa da jgufebSi.<br />
(gamoyenebis wesi: I etapi: maswavlebeli, saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare, acnobs<br />
moswavleebs, ra sakiTxs exeba wasakiTxi teqsti da sTxovs, Seavson sqema.<br />
amisaTvis maT unda gaixsenon da pirvel grafaSi Caweron yvelaferi, rac ician,<br />
an hgoniaT, rom ician mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb; meore grafaSi SekiTxvebis<br />
saxiT unda Camoayalibon, risi gagebac ainteresebT am sakiTxis Sesaxeb.<br />
II etapi: es etapi kiTxvis dasrulebis Semdeg iwyeba. sqemis mesame grafaSi<br />
moswavleebi weren imas, rac iswavles).<br />
venis diagrama<br />
vici minda vicode viswavle<br />
gansxvaveba msgavseba gansxvaveba<br />
efeqturia:
6<br />
sxvadasxva saswavlo disciplinis swavlebisas; SedarebiTi<br />
analizisTvis; informaciis TvalsaCinoebisaTvis.<br />
ama Tu im formis diagramis Seqmnis procesSi moswavleebs uviTardebaT:<br />
informaciis Sekrebisa da daxarisxebis unar-Cveva;<br />
raodenobrivi da Tvisobrivi monacemebis organizaciisa da<br />
warmodgenis unar-Cveva;<br />
raodenobrivi monacemebis dalagebis unar-Cveva;<br />
Tvisobrivi monacemebis Sedarebis unar-Cveva;<br />
monacemebis analizis safuZvelze daskvnis gamotanis unar-Cveva.<br />
Tu davakvirdebiT sqemebs, davinaxavT, rom maTi gamoyenebisas mudmivad<br />
xdeba codnis e.w. “spiraluri” ageba. mas Semdeg, rac moswavle ZiriTad<br />
cnebebs daeufleba, maswavlebeli am cnebebs isev daubrundeba, oRond<br />
ufro garTulebuli formiT.<br />
ganvixiloT T diagrama:<br />
igi mosaxerxebelia: sapirispiro mosazrebaTa gamosaTqmelad, movlenebisa<br />
Tu faqtebis Sesadareblad, moqmed pirTa dasaxasiaTeblad, informaciis<br />
dasaxarisxeblad.<br />
Sevsebis wesi: dafaze, rveulSi an Tabaxis furcelze ixazeba T diagrama.<br />
magaliTad, SeavseT sqema:<br />
ra SemorCa<br />
adamians uZvelesi<br />
Sexedulebebidan?<br />
ra ar SemorCa<br />
adamians uZvelesi<br />
Sexedulebebidan?<br />
saswavlo miznidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba Seivsos jer sqemis marcxena mxare,<br />
Semdeg _ marjvena. marcxena mxaris Sevsebis Semdeg, marjvena mxareze iwereba<br />
sapirispiro mosazrebebi; samuSao sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebSi an<br />
jgufurad, maswavleblis Sexedulebisamebr.<br />
drois diagrama saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs: daamuSaon istoriuli<br />
faqtebis, movlenebis Semcveli didi teqstebi da sakiTxebi wyvilebSi,<br />
jgufebSi da individualurad.
7<br />
Sevsebis wesi<br />
a-varianti: jer ivseba diagramis I nawili, romelSic aRiniSneba dro<br />
(welTaRricxva, saukune, weli, Tve, ricxvi, dRe), Semdeg II nawilSi TiToeuli<br />
droiTi aRniSvnis gverdiT _ Sesabamisi movlena, faqti.<br />
wlebi<br />
kartografiis ganviTareba<br />
Seqmnili rukebis tipebi<br />
b-varianti: <strong>erT</strong>droulad da TanmimdevrobiT ivseba diagramis orive nawili.<br />
Tu moswavle masalis Seswavlis, gamoyenebis, analizis, sinTezis,<br />
Sefasebis dros gamoiyenebs kognitur savarjiSoebs, sistematuri<br />
varjiSisas, mas azrovnebis, Semecnebis, gansjis unarebi ganuviTardeba.<br />
saboloo jamSi, am gziT moswavlis inteleqtualuri SesaZleblobebi<br />
viTardeba, rac <strong>kognituri</strong> <strong>sqemebiT</strong> swavlebis upiratesobaa.