gavigoT politika
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Sesavali: politikis Seswavla<br />

romlisTvis sabrZolvelad, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi ki misTvis sikvdilisTvisac<br />

mzad arian xolme.<br />

erebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian warsulisa da homogenurobis (erTgvarovnebis<br />

anu wevrTa msgavsebis) mixedviT. qveynebi, romlebsac SedarebiT<br />

erTgvarovani mosaxleoba hyavs, ZiriTadad evropaSi gvxvdeba. magaliTad,<br />

poloneTi Zalian homogenuri eria, iseve rogorc skandinaviuri qveynebi<br />

(dania, SvedeTi da norvegia), fineTi, safrangeTi, avstria, portugalia da saberZneTi.<br />

ufro araerTgvarovania didi britaneTi, germania, niderlandebi,<br />

espaneTi da italia, mag ram aqac erT saxelmwifo enaze laparakoben (Tumca<br />

qveynis sxvada sxva nawilSi sxvadasxva dialeqtzec saubroben). belgia kontinentze<br />

im mcirericxovan qveynebs ganekuTvneba, romlebic mkafiodaa gayofili<br />

kulturuli da lingvisturi TvalsazrisiT (frangulad molaparake<br />

valonebad da holandiurad molaparake flamandielebad). misgan gansxavevebiT,<br />

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, rogorc imigrantebis saxelmwifo, gansakuTrebuli<br />

mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. magram `sadnobi qvabi~ sabolood<br />

yvela axalCamosuls amerikuli sazogadoebis ZiriTad nakadSi aqcevs (asimilirebas<br />

axdens), riTac amkvidrebs saerTo erovnulobas. 2<br />

aSkaraa, rom eri-saxelmwifos, rogorc ideis da rogorc idealis fesvebi,<br />

konkretul droSi da adgilas unda veZioT: es axali drois evropis,<br />

gansakuTrebiT ki dasavleT evropis istoriaa. igi naklebad miesadageba<br />

msoflios sxva regionebs, sadac suverenuli saxelmwifoebis (romelTagan<br />

bevri meore msoflio omamde evropuli qveynebis kolonia iyo) politikuri<br />

sazRvrebi xSi rad ar emTxveva eTnikur Tu kulturul sazRvrebs. zogierT<br />

SemTxvevaSi, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu tomobrivi dajgufebebi, romlebic<br />

tradiciulad erTmaneTs Zlier emterebodnen, aRmoCndnen axal `saxelmwifoSi~,<br />

ris Sedegadac miviReT arastabilurobisa da samoqalaqo omebis<br />

maRali riskis mqone sazogadoebebi.<br />

meore msoflio omis Semdgomma dekolonizaciam dasabami misca bevr<br />

erTbaSad Seqmnil mravalerovnul saxelmwifos, romlebSic bevri erovnuli<br />

jgufi (eTnikuri Tu tomobrivi) axal sazogadoebriv wyobaSi asimilirebuli<br />

ar iyo. mravali aTwleulis Semdegac es problemad rCeba; am axal<br />

saxelmwifoebSi erad Camoyalibeba Soreuli perspeqtivaa. argumentis gasa­<br />

Zliereblad ramdenime magaliTs mo viyvanT. 1967 wels, nigeria gaafTrebul<br />

samoqalaqo omSi CaiZira, romlis drosac erTi didi eTnikuri jgufi (ibo)<br />

warumateblad Seecada qveyanas gamoyofoda da damoukidebeli saxelmwifo<br />

Seeqmna. 1994 wels, ruandaSi mow me gavxdiT Tanamedroveobis erT­erTi<br />

yvelaze didi xocva­Jletisa, romelSic hutus ufro mravalricxovani tomis<br />

warmomadgenlebi tutsis tomis asiaTasobiT adamians, qalebisa da bavSvebis<br />

CaTvliT, sastikad gauswordnen. sruliad uadgilo da gaumarTlebelia<br />

indoeTis eri­saxelmwifod miCneva, radganac aq aseulobiT enasa da<br />

dia leqtze laparakoben, xSiria Setakebebi indusebsa da muslimebs Soris,<br />

agreTve penjabSi Zaladobis talRis sporaduli agoreba meomari sinxebis<br />

monawileobiT. Sri­lankaze (yofili ceiloni) indusi Tamilebi didi xania<br />

awarmo eben partizanul oms sinhalelebis winaaRmdeg, romlebic budistebi<br />

arian da mosaxleobis umravleso bas Seadgenen.<br />

23

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