monacemTa bazebis struqturireba da proeqtireba - Unicef.ge
monacemTa bazebis struqturireba da proeqtireba - Unicef.ge
monacemTa bazebis struqturireba da proeqtireba - Unicef.ge
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modeli “arsi-kavSiri”-s versiebi<br />
modeli “arsi-kavSiri” (Entity-Relationship Model, E-R model) warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
cnebebisa <strong>da</strong> grafikuli simboloebis erTobliobas konceptualuri sqemis<br />
asa<strong>ge</strong>bad. modeli “arsi-kavSiri” SemoTavazebul iqna piter Ceinis mier 1976<br />
wela. SemdgomSi mox<strong>da</strong> am modelis gafarToeba, ris Sedega<strong>da</strong>c warmoiSva “arsikavSiri”<br />
gafarToebuli modeli (Extended E-R model). dReswdReobiT umTavresad<br />
gamoiyeneba “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebuli modeli.<br />
miuxe<strong>da</strong>vad imisa, rom profesionalTa farTo wris mier gamoiyeneba “arsikavSiri”<br />
gafarToebuli modelis esa Tu is modifikacia, samwuxarod arsebobs<br />
am modelis sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva versiebi. erT-erTi versia informaciuli inJineriis<br />
(Information En<strong>ge</strong>nrering, IE) saxeliTaa cnobili, SemuSav<strong>da</strong> jeims martinis mier 1990<br />
wels. Eigi naklebad gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove warmoebaSi.<br />
1993 wels stan<strong>da</strong>rtebisa <strong>da</strong> teqnologiebis erovnuli institutis (National<br />
Institute of Stan<strong>da</strong>rds and Technology) mier gamoqveyn<strong>da</strong> “arsi-kavSiri” modelis versia,<br />
rogorc aSS erovnuli stan<strong>da</strong>rti. am versiam miiRo saxelwodeba IDEF1X, rac<br />
aRniSnavs “Integrated Definition 1, Extended” – “erTiani stan<strong>da</strong>rti, versia 1,<br />
gafarToebuli”. es versia moicavs “arsi-kavSiri” modelis ZiriTad ideas, magram<br />
mis gamosaxatavad gamoiyeneba sxva grafikuli simboloebi. IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi<br />
gaTvaliswinebulia rogorc konceptualuri, aseve Si<strong>da</strong> sqemis SemuSavebis<br />
saSualebebi <strong>da</strong> aseve erTi meored gar<strong>da</strong>qmnis meTodebi.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa farTo<strong>da</strong>a gavrcelebuli axali obieqturad-orientirebuli<br />
modeli UML (Universal Modeling Lagua<strong>ge</strong>) saxelwodebiT, romelsac aseve safuZvlad<br />
udevs modeli “arsi-kavSiri”, magram amasTan Semoitana sakuTari simboloebi <strong>da</strong><br />
Semoitana obieqrurad-orientirebuli specifikacia.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti aris “arsi-kavSiri” modelis modificirebuli modeli,<br />
romelic gamocxad<strong>da</strong> aSS erovnul stan<strong>da</strong>rtad 1993 wels. am modelis<br />
saSualebiT SesaZlebelia konceptualuri <strong>da</strong> Si<strong>da</strong> sqemis SemuSaveba. SemdgonSi<br />
es sqema relizdeba relaciul modelSi.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti aseve moicavs ZiriTad elementebs arsi, kavSiri <strong>da</strong><br />
atributi, magram maTi mniSvneloba aq ufro viwroa <strong>da</strong> maT gansamartad<br />
gamoiyeneba ufro zusti terminologia. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa IDEF1X-Si Semotanilia<br />
domenis (Domain) cneba. Setanilia cvlilebebi grafikul simboloebSic: kerZod<br />
amoRebulia rombi <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>matebulia axali simboloebi. cxrilSi 2 mocemulia<br />
gansxvaveba “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul modelsa <strong>da</strong> IDEF1X models Soris.<br />
arsi IDEF1X-Si<br />
arsi IDEF1X-Si igivea, rac arsi “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul modelSi –<br />
momxmareblis interesebis areSi identificirebuli raime obieqti. grafikulad<br />
arsi aqac gamoisaxebas sworkuTxediT (marTi <strong>da</strong> momrgvalebuli kuTxeebiT),<br />
magram IDEF1X-Si momrgvalebul kuTxeebs sxva mniSvneloba gaaCniaT.<br />
arsebi SesaZloa gamoixatebodes rogorc atributebiT (nax. 9.b.) aseve maT<br />
gareSec (nax. 9.a), an im atributebis miTiTebiT, romlebic warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen<br />
pirvelad gasaRebebs (nax.9.g). im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac arsi gamoisaxeba<br />
atributebiT, sworkuTxedi iyofa or nawilad. ze<strong>da</strong> nawilSi Tavsdeba<br />
pirveladi gasaRebi, xolo qvemoT sxva atributebi.<br />
1
cxrili 2. cnebaTa SeTanadeba “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul modelsa <strong>da</strong> IDEF1X-Si<br />
“arsi-kavSiri”<br />
gafarToebuli modelis<br />
terminebi<br />
IDEF1X modelis<br />
terminebi<br />
arsi arsi erTi<strong>da</strong>igivea<br />
atributi atributi erTi<strong>da</strong>igivea<br />
kavSiri kavSiri erTi<strong>da</strong>igivea<br />
kavSiri 1:1 <strong>da</strong> 1:N<br />
kavSiri N:M<br />
identifikaciurad<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
kavSirebi<br />
susti, magram<br />
identifikaciurad<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli<br />
kavSirebi<br />
mikuTvnebis<br />
araidentificirebuli<br />
kavSirebi<br />
araspecifiuri kavSirebi<br />
mikuTvnebis<br />
identificirebuli<br />
kavSirebi<br />
-<br />
SeniSvna<br />
mikuTvnebis kavSirebi es<br />
igivea rac “aqvs” tipis<br />
kavSiri<br />
zetipis arsi warmomSibi arsi warmomSobi arss gaaCnia<br />
“aris” tipis kavSiri<br />
kategorialuri<br />
klasteriT<br />
qvetipis arsi arsi-kategoria arsi-kategoria,<br />
miekuTneba erT-erT<br />
kategorialur klasters,<br />
romelic warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
urTierTgamonricxavs<br />
- domeni<br />
winswrebiT aRvniSnoT, rom relaciur modelSi kavSiri or cxrils Soris<br />
xorcieldeba erTis gasaRebis meoreSi CasmiT. meore cxrilTan mimarTebaSi<br />
aseTi gasaRebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns gare gasaRebs (Foreigh Key). gare gasaRebis Seqmnis<br />
wesis, regulirebis <strong>da</strong> ganTavsebis sakiTxi ganekuTvneba <strong>monacemTa</strong> bazis<br />
<strong>proeqtireba</strong>s. Ees gasaRebebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen Si<strong>da</strong> sqemis nawils.<br />
radgan IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti SesaZloa gamoiyenebodes, rogrc<br />
konceptualuri aseve Si<strong>da</strong> modelis Sesaqmnelad, is saSualebas iZleva<br />
gamovsaxoT sqemaze gare gasaRebebi.<br />
kavSiri IDEF1X-Si<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtiSi ganixileba oTxi tipis kavSiri:<br />
mikuTvnebis araidentificirebadi kavSirebi;<br />
mikuTvnebis identificirebadi kavSirebi;<br />
araspecifiuri kavSirebi;<br />
kategorialuri kavSirebi.<br />
2
studenti<br />
a. arsi atributis gareSe<br />
studenti<br />
studentis nomeri<br />
gvari<br />
saxeli<br />
misamarTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>badebis TariRi<br />
b. arsi atributebiT<br />
studenti<br />
studentis nomeri<br />
g. arsi pirveladi gasaRebis miTiTebiT<br />
nax. 9. arsis gamosaxvis variantebi IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi.<br />
mikuTvnebis araidentificirebadi kavSirebi<br />
mikuTvnebis araidentificirebadi kavSirebi (non-identifying connection<br />
relationships) – es aris 1:1 <strong>da</strong> 1:N tipis kavSiri or identifikatorulad<strong>da</strong>moukidebel<br />
arsebs Soris. mikuTvnebis kavSiri (connection relationship) – es igivea<br />
rac “aqvs” tipis kavSiri “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul modelSi.<br />
am stan<strong>da</strong>rtis Sesabamisad, araidentificirebadi kavSirebi gamoisaxeba<br />
wyvetili xazebiT. gar<strong>da</strong> amisa, mikuTvnebis kavSiri IDEF1X –Si yovelTvis<br />
ixateba mimarTulebiT “warmomSobi<strong>da</strong>n” “STamomavlisken” (cxr.3). 1:N kavSiris<br />
SemTxvevaSi warmomSobs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns 1-is mxares mdgomi arsi. “STamomavlis”<br />
mxares wyvetili xazis bolos ganaTavseben Seferadebul wres. gaCumebis<br />
principiT araidentificerebad kavSirs gaaCnia kardinaloba “erTi bevrTan”<br />
aucilebeli “warmomSobiT” (minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvi tolia 1-is) <strong>da</strong><br />
araaucilebeli “STamomavliT” (minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvi tolia 0-is).<br />
aseTi kavSiri gamoisaxeba wyvetili xaziT “STamomavlis” mxares Seferadebuli<br />
wriT raime miTiTebebis gareSe. magram gvxvdeba SemTxveva, rodesac kavSiris<br />
kardinaloba gansxvavdeba gaCumebis principiT gansazRvrulisagan, am<br />
SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba <strong>da</strong>matebiTi aRniSvnebi. Tu “STamomavlis” arseboba<br />
aucilebelia wris gverdiT xazis Sesabamis mxares ganaTavseben P (Positive)<br />
3
simbolos. Tu “warmomSobis” arseboba ar aris aucilebeli, maSin xazis<br />
“warmomSobis” mxares <strong>da</strong>ismis rombi.<br />
1:1 kavSiri ganixileba rogorc 1:N kavSiris kerZo SemTxveva, amitom igi<br />
gamoisaxeba 1:N kavSiris analogiurad, STamomavlis mxares gansxvavebuli<br />
simboloebiT. Tu STamomavlis mxares minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvi erTis<br />
toria <strong>da</strong>ismis “1”, xolo Tu nulis toili – “Z”. 1:1 kavSiris SemTxvevaSi<br />
nebismier ars SeuZlia iyos “warmomSobi”, magram aucilebelia erTis amorCeva.<br />
Sesabamisad arsebobs erTi<strong>da</strong>igive kavSiris gamosaxvis ori variant, romelic<br />
Sinaarsobrivad identuri iqneba.<br />
cxrili 3.<br />
mikuTvnebis araidentificirebadi kavSiris aRniSvnebi IDEF1X<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi .<br />
kavSiri “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul<br />
modelSi<br />
kavSiri IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtsi<br />
4
–Si.<br />
sicxadisaTvis ganvixiloT nax.3. moyvanili sqema. gamovsaxoT isini IDEF1X<br />
nax.3.a–ze kavSiri “kavSiri” aris 1:1 tipis. yvela fakultets aucilebelad<br />
hyavs dekani, mgram yvela TanamSromeli ar aris fakultetis dekani. IDEF1X –Si<br />
am sqemas eqneba nax. 10. a-zeA gamosaxuli saxe. imis gamo rom “warmomSobi”<br />
SeiZleba iyos am ori arsi<strong>da</strong>n nebismieri, es kavSiri SeiZleba gamoisaxos ori<br />
gansxvavebuli, magram Sinaarsobrivad identuri formiT.<br />
nax.3.b –ze kavSiri “ZiriTadi TanamSromeli” aris 1:N tipis. yvela<br />
fakultets aucilebelad hyavs ZiriTadi TanamSromeli (an TanamSromlebi),<br />
mgram yvela TanamSromeli SeiZleba ar iyos fakultetis ZiriTadi<br />
TanamSromeli.<br />
dekani<br />
fakulteti<br />
1:1<br />
TanamSromel<br />
i<br />
fakulteti<br />
fakulteti<br />
Z<br />
1<br />
TanamSromel<br />
i<br />
TanamSromel<br />
i<br />
a. kavSiri “dekani”<br />
fakulteti<br />
1:N<br />
ZiriTadi<br />
TanamSromeli<br />
di<br />
TanamSromel<br />
i<br />
fakulteti<br />
P<br />
TanamSromel<br />
i<br />
b. kavSiri “ZiriTadi TanamSromeli”<br />
nax. 10. kavSiris sqematuri warmod<strong>ge</strong>na IDEF1X –Si<br />
5
mikuTvnebis identificirebadi kavSirebi<br />
mikuTvnebis identificirebadi kavSirebi (identifying connection relationships) – es igivea<br />
rac identifikatorulad-<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli kavSiri “arsi-kavSiri” gafarToebul<br />
modelSi. “warmomSobis” identifikatori yovelTvis warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns “STamomavlis”<br />
identifikatoris nawils. identificirebadi kavSirebi gamoisaxeba uwyveti<br />
xaziT, xolo arsi -“STamomavali” gamoisaxeba momrgvalebulkuTxiani<br />
sworkuTxediT (nax.11). kavSirSi “Senoba-ofisi” Senoba warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns warmomSobs<br />
inedtificirebulad <strong>da</strong>mokidebul kaSirSi “ofisTan”. arsis Senoba<br />
identifikatori Senobis nomeri warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns arsis ofisi identifikatoris<br />
nawils. aRniSvna gg miuTiTebs, rom mocemuli atributi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns am arsis<br />
gare gasaRebs. yvela <strong>da</strong>matebiTi aRniSvna, romelic ganvixileT mikuTvnebis<br />
araidentificirebadi kavSirebis SemTxvevaSi ZalaSia. moyvanil magaliTSi<br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi aRniSvnebi ar gvaqvs. es miuTiTebs im faqtze, rom SenobaSi<br />
SesaZlebelia iyos, nuli, erTi an bevri ofisi.<br />
Senoba<br />
Senobis nomeri<br />
farTi<br />
sarTulebis raodenoba<br />
ofisebis raodenoba<br />
ofisi<br />
Senobis nomeri (gg)<br />
ofisis nomeri<br />
<strong>da</strong>mqiravebeli<br />
organizacia<br />
ofisis menejeri<br />
telefoni<br />
nax.11. mikuTvnebis identificirebadi kavSiri<br />
arsebobs mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba “arsi-kavSiris” sust arsebsa <strong>da</strong><br />
identificirebad kavSirebs Soris IDEF1X modelSi. rogorc aRvniSneT, susti<br />
arsi es iseTi arsia, romelic logikurad <strong>da</strong>kavSirebulia sxva arsTan. es<br />
SesaZloa iyos, rogorc identifikatorulad <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli arsi, aseve arsi,<br />
romelsac sakuTari identifikatori gaaCnia: mTavaria, rom isini logikurad<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebulni iyvnen saxva arsebze. ase magaliTad: ganvixiloT kavSiri<br />
“studenti_studenturi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli” (nax.12). arsi<br />
“studenturi TviTmmarTvelobis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli” warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sust arss,<br />
magram mas gaaCnia sakuTari identifikatori, gansxvavebuli studentis<br />
identifikatorisagan.<br />
Tumca IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi <strong>da</strong>Svebulia susti arsebi, romlebic ar arian<br />
identificirebulad <strong>da</strong>mokidebulni, maTTvis ar gaiTvaliswineba raime<br />
specialuri aRniSvnebi. minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvi “warmomSobi”<br />
arsisaTvis am SemTxvevaSi 1-is tolia, magram raime sxva specifiuri xerxi am<br />
faqtis <strong>da</strong>safiqsireblad ar arsebobs.<br />
gafarToebul “arsi-kavSiri” modelSi momrgvalebuli kuTxeebiT<br />
aRiniSneba susti arsebi, romlebic SesaZloa iyvnen, rogorc<br />
identificirebulad <strong>da</strong>mokidebulni, aseve logikurad <strong>da</strong>mokidebulni. IDEF1X<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi momrgvalebuli kuTxeebiT aRiniSneba mxolod identificirebulad<br />
<strong>da</strong>mokidebuli arsebi, xolo araidentificirebulad <strong>da</strong>mokidebuli arsebis<br />
gamosaxatavad raime xerxi ar arsebobs.<br />
6
studenti<br />
1:N<br />
studenturi<br />
TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli<br />
identifikatori:<br />
man<strong>da</strong>tis nomeri<br />
Senoba<br />
Senobis nomeri<br />
farTi<br />
sarTulebis raodenoba<br />
ofisebis raodenoba<br />
ofisi<br />
Senobis nomeri (gg)<br />
ofisis nomeri<br />
<strong>da</strong>mqiravebeli<br />
organizacia<br />
ofisis menejeri<br />
telefoni<br />
nax. 12. susti arsi <strong>da</strong> kavSiri<br />
araspecifiuri kavSirebi<br />
araspecifiur kavSiris (non-specific relationship) qveS IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi<br />
igulisxmeba kavSiri “bevri-bevrTan”. araspecifiuri kavSiri diagramaze<br />
aRiniSneba uwyveti xaziT boloebSi Seferadebuli wreebiT. (nax. 13). IDEF1X<br />
stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi ar gaiTvaliswineba minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvis miTiTeba<br />
araspecifiuri kavSirebisaTvis.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti am kavSirs epyroba “zereled”. amis mizezad miiCneva<br />
is, rom kavSiri “bevri-bevrTan” relaciur terminebSi pir<strong>da</strong>pir ar gamosaxeba –<br />
is jer un<strong>da</strong> gar<strong>da</strong>iqmnes “erTi-bevrTan” kavSirebad.<br />
სტუდენტი<br />
პირადი ნომერი<br />
სახელი<br />
გვარი<br />
ტელეფონი<br />
. . .<br />
საგანი<br />
საგნის კოდიერი<br />
დასახელება<br />
სპეციალობა<br />
. . .<br />
nax. 13 araspecifiuri kavSiri<br />
ზღაპარი: უნივერსიტეტის საქმიანობის საწყის ეტაპზე, ჩვენთვის საკმარისი იყო გვქონოდა<br />
ინფორმაცია ცალკე საგნების (დასახელება, დარგი, მოცულობა კრედიტი/საათი, სწავლების საფეხური)<br />
და პედაგოგის (ძირიტადი მონაცემები) შესახებ. და შესაბამისა გვქონოდა საშუალება გვცოდნოდა<br />
რომელი საგნის წაკითხვა რომელ პედაგოგს შეეძლო. შემდგომში აღმოჩნდა, რო ეს საკმარისი არაა -<br />
საჭირო იყო გვცოდნოდა რომელმა პედაგოგმა, რომელ სასწავლო წელს და რომელ სემესტრში<br />
წაიკითხა ეს საგანი.<br />
miiCneva, rom bunebaSi “bevri-bevrTan” kavSiri ar arsebobs. maTi<br />
moCvenebiTi arseboba ganpirobebulia konceptualuri modelirebis safexurze<br />
7
gamotovebuli raRac obieqtebiT, romlebic TiTqos masSi ar udna iRebdnen<br />
monawileobas. <strong>da</strong>vubrondeT Cvens “zRapars” <strong>da</strong> ganvixiloT kavSiri arsebs<br />
Soris TanamSromeli – sagani (nax. 14. a). TanamSromelTa ricxvSi Sedian<br />
pe<strong>da</strong>go<strong>ge</strong>bi <strong>da</strong> universitetisaTvis sasurvelia cnobili iyos aramarto is, Tu<br />
romel pe<strong>da</strong>gogs romeli sagnis wakiTxva SeuZlia, aramed isic, Tu rodis<br />
aswavlis. am SemTxvevaSi SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom raRac arsi gvaklia. Tu Cevns<br />
modelSi CavamatebT arss <strong>da</strong>tvirTva (nax. 14.b) Cveni N:M kavSiri <strong>da</strong>iSleba 1: N<br />
tipis or kavSirad. arsis <strong>da</strong>tvirTva pirveladi gasaRebi iqneba arsebis<br />
gasaRebebis TanamSromeli <strong>da</strong> sagani kombinacia.<br />
ganvixiloT kavSiri studenti <strong>da</strong> sagani (nax.13). erTi SexedviT eWvs ar<br />
iwvevs is faqti, rom es kavSiri aris N:M tipis, radgan erTi studenti swavlobs<br />
bevr sagans, xolo erTi sagani SeiZleba Seiswavlos bevrma studentma. magram<br />
umTavresad Cven gvainteresebs <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia am or arss arsebuli<br />
kavSiris Sesaxeb (gaixseneT kavSiris SesaZlo atributebi “arsi-kavSiri”<br />
modelSi), magaliTad Sefaseba. Tu <strong>da</strong>vamatebT nax.13-ze warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil models<br />
kidev erT arss Sefaseba, kavSiri N:M warmod<strong>ge</strong>ba rogorc ori 1:N tipis<br />
kavSiri studenti- Sefaseba <strong>da</strong> sagani- Sefaseba.<br />
ganxilul magaliTSi arsis Sefaseba <strong>da</strong>mateba logikurad gveCveneba,<br />
magram aris SemTxveva, rodesac or arss Soris aris mimarTeba N:M tipis <strong>da</strong><br />
<strong>da</strong>matebiTi arsis Semotana xelovnurad gamoiyureba. magaliTad kavSiri arsebs<br />
Soris studenti-momRerali, romelic aRniSnavs, Tu romel students romeli<br />
momRerali moswons. Znelia moifiqro <strong>da</strong>matebiTi informacia roemlmac<br />
SeiZleba migviyvanos sxva <strong>da</strong>matebiTi (SemaerTebeli) arsis Seqmnamde.<br />
თანამშრომელი<br />
პირადი ნომერი<br />
სახელი<br />
გვარი<br />
ტელეფონი<br />
. . .<br />
საგანი<br />
საგნის კოდიერი<br />
დასახელება<br />
სპეციალობა<br />
. . .<br />
ა<br />
თანამშრომელი<br />
პირადი ნომერი<br />
სახელი<br />
გვარი<br />
ტელეფონი<br />
. . .<br />
საგანი<br />
საგნის კოდიერი<br />
დასახელება<br />
სპეციალობა<br />
. . .<br />
დატვირთვა<br />
პირადი ნომერი<br />
საგნის კოდიერი<br />
სასწავლო წელი<br />
სემესტრი<br />
ბ<br />
nax.14. araspecifiuri kavSirebi: a. modeli kavSiriT N:M, b. modeli<br />
gamotovrbuli arsiT<br />
8
kategorialuri kavSirebi<br />
kategirualuri kavSirebi (categorization relationships) warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
ganzogadeba/qvetipi kavSiris kerZo SemTxvevas gafarToebul modelSi “arsikavSiri”.<br />
kategorialuri kavSiri es aris kavSiri warmomSob arssa (<strong>ge</strong>neric entity)<br />
<strong>da</strong> sxva arsi-kategoriad (category entity) wodebul arsebs Soris. arsebikategoriebi<br />
jgufdebian kategorialur klasterebad (categorization clusters).<br />
magaliTad nax. 15 arsi TanamSromeli warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns warmomSob arss, xolo<br />
arsebi akademiuri personali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxmare personali warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen arsebskategoria,<br />
xolo kategorialuri klasteri, romelic gamosaxulia writ ori<br />
horizontaluri xazis Tavze, Tavis TavSi aerTianebs arsebs akademiuri<br />
personali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxmare personali.<br />
kategorialuri kavSiri es “aris” tipis kavSiria. mag. akademiuri<br />
personali aris TanamSromeli. Sesabamisad, rogorc gansazRvrulia aseTi<br />
tipis kavSirrebisaTvis, arsi-kategoriis pirvelad gasaRebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
warmomSobi arsis kategorialuri gasaRebi. Cvens magaliTSi akademiuri<br />
personali <strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong>mxmare personali arsebis pirvelad gasaRebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
atributi piradi nomeri. amis gamo arsi-kategoria naxazze gamoisaxeba<br />
pirveladi gasaRebis gareSe.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi kategorialur klasterSi KSemavali arsebi,<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen urTierTgamomricxavs. Cvens magaliTSi TanamSromeli<br />
SessaZlebelia iyos an akademiur personali an <strong>da</strong>mxmare personali.<br />
TanamSromeli erTdroulad or Tanamdebobaze ver iqneba.<br />
kategorialur klasters SesaZloa hqondes diskriminatori (Discriminator) –<br />
warmoqmneli arsis atributi, romelic miuTiTebs qvetize. nax. 15-ze<br />
diskiminators warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns atributi Tanamdebobis kodi. amgvarad, am atributis<br />
mniSvnelobiT SesaZloa ganisazRvros Tu ra Tanamdebobas ikavebs<br />
TanamSromeli. zogierT kategorialur klasters ar gaaCnia diskriminatori, <strong>da</strong><br />
konkretuli klasteri-kategoria maTSi rCeba ganuzRvreli.<br />
arsebobs ori tipis kategorialuri klasterebi: sruli <strong>da</strong> arasruli.<br />
srul kategorialur klasterSi (complete category claster) naCvenebia am klasteris<br />
yvela SesaZlo kategoria. sruli kategorialuri klasteri aRiniSneba ori<br />
horizontaluri xaziT. nax.15-ze gamosaxuli kategorialuri klasteri<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sruls.<br />
yvela arsi-kategoria arsebobiT <strong>da</strong>mokidebulni arian warmomSob arsze,<br />
amitom minimaluri kardinaluri ricxvi warmomSobi arsis mxri<strong>da</strong>n erTis<br />
toilia. radgan es msjeloba samarTliania yvela SemTxvevaSi, mocemuli<br />
kardinaluri ricxvi diagramaze ar aRiniSneba.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtis Sesabamisad, arsi kategoriis mxares kardinaluri<br />
ricxvi yovelTvis tolia 1 an 0. warmomSobi arsis klasteris simbolosTan<br />
SemaerTebeli xazis gaswvriv ganTavsebuli Z indeqsi miuTiTebs, rom ar aris<br />
savaldebulo warmomSob arss gaaCndes kategoriebi. klasteris simbolos arsikategoriiis<br />
SemaerTebeli xazis gaswvriv ganTavsebuli Z indeqsi miuTiTebs,<br />
warmomSob arss SeuZlia, magram ar aris valdebuli miekuTvnebodes mocemul<br />
tips.<br />
praqtikaSi gvxvdeba arasruli klasterebic, ris aRsaniSna<strong>da</strong>c diagramaze<br />
nacvlad ori horizontaluri xazisa erTi xazi (nax. 16). es niSnavs, rom<br />
modelSi klasters, sul mcire, erTi kategoria mainc aklia.<br />
9
TanamSromeli<br />
piradi nomeri<br />
saxeli, gvari<br />
telefoni<br />
Tanamdebobis kodi<br />
Z<br />
Tanamdebobis kodi<br />
Z<br />
akademiuri personali<br />
Z<br />
<strong>da</strong>mxmare personali<br />
akademiuri Tanamdeboba<br />
samecniero <strong>da</strong>rgi<br />
samecniero xarisxi<br />
Tanamdeboba<br />
kvalifikacia<br />
nax. 15 kategorialuri kavSiri<br />
TanamSromeli<br />
piradi nomeri<br />
saxeli, gvari<br />
telefoni<br />
Tanamdebobis kodi<br />
Z<br />
Tanamdebobis kodi<br />
Z<br />
administracia<br />
Z<br />
droebiTi<br />
TanamSromeli<br />
Tanamdeboba<br />
departamenti<br />
…… . . .<br />
Tanamdeboba<br />
kvalifikacia<br />
nax. 16 arasruli kategorialuri kavSiri<br />
10
kavSirebis saxelebi<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi yvela kavSirs, gar<strong>da</strong> kategorialurisa, SesaZloa hqondeT<br />
saxeli. Cveulebriv kavSiris saxeli Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba sami nawilisagan: zmna an zmnuri<br />
sityvaTwyoba, romelic aRwers kavSiris sagans warmomSobis TvalsazrisiT,<br />
<strong>da</strong>xrili xazi <strong>da</strong> analogiuri zmna an zmnuri sityvaTwyoba STamomavlis<br />
TvalsazrisiT (N:M kavSirSi warmomSobi SesaZloa iyos nebismieri am orTagan).<br />
nax.10–ze moyvanili magaliTi: TanamSromeli fakultetis dekania,<br />
TanamSromeli muSaobs fakultetze. rogorc wesi zmnuri sityvaTwyoba,<br />
romelic aRwers kavSiris sagans STamomavlis TvalTaxedviT, warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns zmnis<br />
vnebiT formas. im SemTxvevaSi Tu amas mivyavarT gaumarTav sityvaTwyobasTan<br />
<strong>da</strong>saSvebis sxva zmnebis gamoyeneba. Sablonis ganmeorebadobis gamo, kavSirebis<br />
saxelebi xSirad ganWvretadi <strong>da</strong> ara informatiulia, magram sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloa<br />
rodesac kavSiri or arss Soris aracxadi <strong>da</strong> mravalmniSvnelovania (Sinaarsis<br />
TvalsazrisiT).<br />
wigni<br />
wignis kodi<br />
<strong>da</strong>saxeleba<br />
avtori<br />
gamomcemloba<br />
iyideba/iyi<strong>da</strong><br />
Cabar<strong>da</strong>/sTavazobs<br />
klienti<br />
piradi nomeri<br />
gvari<br />
saxeli<br />
misamarTi<br />
<strong>da</strong>badebis TariRi<br />
nax.17 kavSiris saxelebi<br />
kavSirebis saxelebis unikaluroba moiTxoveba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu<br />
or arss Soris arsebobs sxva<strong>da</strong>sxva Sinaarsis kavSirebi. nax.17.<br />
domenebi<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtma gaafarTova “arsi-kavSiri” modeli domenis cnebiT.<br />
domeni (domain) – es aris im mniSvnelobebis saxeldebuli nakrebi, romelic<br />
SesaZloa miiRon atrebutebma. domeni SesaZloa iyos fiqsirebul mniSvnelobaTa<br />
sia, an ufro zoga<strong>da</strong>d warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili aRwera. magaliTad fakultetebis<br />
<strong>da</strong>sexelebis domenis aRwera warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns fakultetebis sias. am domenis<br />
gansazRvra warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns fakultetebis <strong>da</strong>saxelebebis CamonaTvals:<br />
{zusti <strong>da</strong> sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebi, humanitaruli mecnierebebi,<br />
socialuri <strong>da</strong> politikuri mecnierebebi, ekonomika <strong>da</strong> biznesi, samedicino,<br />
iuridiuli}.<br />
meore tipis domenis magaliTs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns domenis studentis gvari,<br />
romelic SesaZloa ganisazRvros, rogorc 30 simboloiani striqoni.<br />
domenebi mniSvnelovani <strong>da</strong> sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloa. magaliTad arss programisti <strong>da</strong><br />
arss teqnikuri personali gaaCnia atributi ena. domenis gamoyenebis gareSe<br />
gaurkvevelia ra igulisxmeba mis qveS – <strong>da</strong>programebis ena (romelic<br />
mniSvnelovania programistisaTvis), Tu metyvelebis ena. TiToeul SemTxvevaSi<br />
un<strong>da</strong> moxdes domenis <strong>da</strong>zusteba. domeni <strong>da</strong>programebis ena moicavs<br />
mniSvnelobebs {C#, C++, Java, VB}, xolo domeni metyvelebis ena {qarTuli,<br />
rusuli, inglisuri, <strong>ge</strong>rmanuli, franguli, espanuri}.<br />
11
gar<strong>da</strong> zemoaRniSnulisa domeni aRmofxvris araerTmniSvnelovnebas im<br />
atributebs Soris, romlebic aRniSnaven gansxvavebul sagnebs, magram msgavsi<br />
mniSvnelobebiT. magaliTad arsSi personali atributis Svebulebis dReebi<br />
maqsimaluri mniSvnelobaa 30 dRe. <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT, rom arsSi programisti atributis<br />
samuSao gamocdileba maqsimaluri mniSvnelobaa 30 weli. orive atributi iRebs<br />
mniSvnelobas 0-30 diapazonSi. domenis miTiTebis gareSe SeuZlebelia gairkves<br />
Tu ra sididesTan gvaqvs saqme.<br />
domenebi sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloa praqtikuli TvalsazrisiTac. <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT<br />
sauniversiteto <strong>monacemTa</strong> bazaSi gvaqvs artibuti specialobis kodi, roemlic<br />
gamoiyeneba araerT arsSi. es SesaZloa iyos, studenti, pe<strong>da</strong>gogi, fakulteti<br />
<strong>da</strong> a.S. <strong>da</strong>vuSvaT rom yvela es atributi ganekuTvneba erTdomens specialobis<br />
kodi, romelsac aqvs saxe FFF-SSS, FFF – fakultetebis kodebia, xolo - SSS –<br />
specialobis kidebi. maSin yvela atributs un<strong>da</strong> hqondes aseTi saxe.<br />
<strong>da</strong>vuSvaT Cven aRmovaCineT, rom romeliRac specialobas aqvs oTxniSna<br />
kodi. rom ar gvqondes domeni Cven mogviwev<strong>da</strong> yvela samniSna kodis oTxniSnaze<br />
Secvla. xolo maSin, rodesac gvaqvs domeni, Cven vcvliT mxolod domenis<br />
ganmartebas.<br />
gar<strong>da</strong> amisa domenis saSualebiT SesaZloa ganisazRvros iseTi<br />
gansxvavebuli saxelis mqone atributebis arseboba, romlebic Sinaarsobrivad<br />
aRniSnaven erTi<strong>da</strong>igives. magaliTad sauneversiteto studentur bazaSi<br />
saidentifikacio kodi saswavlo baraTSi <strong>da</strong> piradi nomeri studentis anketaSi.<br />
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rtSi ganimarteba ori tipis domenebi: sabazo domeni<br />
(base domain) <strong>da</strong> tipuri domeni (type domain).<br />
sabazo domeni - es aris domeni, romesac miniWebuli aqvs monacemebis<br />
tipebi <strong>da</strong>, SesaZloa, mniSvnelobebis CamonaTvali an gansazRRvrulia diapazoni.<br />
monacemebis stan<strong>da</strong>rtul tipebs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen simboluri tipi (Character),<br />
ricxviTi tipi (Nunerical), logikuri (Boolean). domenebis specifikaciaSi SesaZloa<br />
gamoiyenebodes <strong>da</strong>matebiTi tipis monace,ebi, iseTebi rogoriciaa TariRi (Data),<br />
dro (Time), valuta (Currency) <strong>da</strong> a.S..<br />
tipuri domeni warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns sabazo domenebis an sxva tipuri domenebis<br />
qvesimravles. nax.18 warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia tipuri domeni, romelic warmoagdens<br />
domenze mecnierebis <strong>da</strong>r<strong>ge</strong>bi <strong>da</strong>fuZnebul domenebs.<br />
domeni<br />
mecnierebaTa<br />
<strong>da</strong>r<strong>ge</strong>bi<br />
fizika, qimia, biologia,<br />
maTematika, <strong>ge</strong>ografia,<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ologia, kompiuteruli<br />
mecniereba, ekologia, medicina,<br />
sociologia, filosofia,<br />
fsiqologia, sainformacio<br />
teqnologiebi<br />
biologia,<br />
medicina<br />
domeni<br />
sicocxlis<br />
Semswavleli<br />
mecnierebebi<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ografia,<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ologia,<br />
ekologia<br />
domeni<br />
de<strong>da</strong>miwis<br />
Semswavleli<br />
mecnierebebi<br />
kompiuteruli<br />
mecniereba,<br />
sainformacio<br />
teqnologiebi<br />
domeni<br />
kompiuteruli<br />
mecnierebebi<br />
nax.18 tipuri domeni<br />
12
IDEF1X stan<strong>da</strong>rti <strong>da</strong> <strong>monacemTa</strong> modelirebis saSualebebi<br />
arsebobs mTeli rigi programuli produqtebisa, romlebic gankuTvnilni arian<br />
<strong>monacemTa</strong> modelirebisaTvia:<br />
CA ERwin® Data Model Vali<strong>da</strong>tor r7.2 Evaluation Software<br />
– Computer Assosiates (www.ca.com)<br />
Visio - Microsoft (www.microsoft.com)<br />
Desin<strong>ge</strong>r/2000 – www.oracle.com<br />
13