bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcieleba saqarTveloSi - Unicef.ge
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcieleba saqarTveloSi - Unicef.ge
bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcieleba saqarTveloSi - Unicef.ge
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<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi erovnuli da serTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis samuSao jgufi<br />
evriCaildi – saqarTvelo; saqarTvelos bavSvebi; federaciis<br />
„gadavarCinoT bavSvebi‟ ofisi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>; guriis axalgazrduli<br />
resurs centri (GYRC); saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da<br />
samedicino ganviTarebis fondi (PHMDF); bavSvi da garemo; asociacia<br />
„mkurnali‟; pediatrebisa da ojaxis eqimebis asociacia „klaritas XXI‟;<br />
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (GYLA); samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTlebis centri „gaia‟; unarSezRuduli bavSvebi, ojaxi, sazogadoeba;<br />
pediatrebisa da neonatolo<strong>ge</strong>bis kavSiri „alternativa‟; cixis<br />
saerTaSoriso reforma (PRI); asociacia aTinaTi – zugdidi; bavSvebisa<br />
da axalgazrdebis uflebebis dacvis asociacia (ACYRP); bavSvTa<br />
uflebebis dacvis saqalaqo centri; konstituciis 42-e muxli;<br />
demokratiis instituti; kavSiri „safari‟; iZulebiT gadaadgilebul<br />
qalTa asociacia „Tanxmoba‟.<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong> <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>:<br />
alternatiuli angariSi<br />
momzadebulia:<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi erovnuli da serTaSoriso<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufis mier<br />
evriCaildis koordinaciiT<br />
2007 wlis agvisto<br />
saqarTvelo<br />
1
Sinaarsi<br />
1. Sesavali .............................................................................................................................................................. 6<br />
2. zogadi mimoxilva....................................................................................................................................... 7<br />
3. ganxorcielebis zogadi saSualebebi ....................................................................................... 8<br />
3.1 kanonmdebloba....................................................................................................................................... 8<br />
3.2 erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma: <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>, koordinacia da<br />
Sefaseba ............................................................................................................................................................... 9<br />
3.3 damoukidebeli monitoringi.................................................................................................. 10<br />
3.4 resursebis ganawileba ................................................................................................................ 10<br />
3.5 monacemTa mopoveba ........................................................................................................................ 11<br />
3.6 treningi da <strong>konvenciis</strong> gavrceleba ................................................................................ 11<br />
4. <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganmarteba ................................................................................................................................... 12<br />
5. zogadi principebi .................................................................................................................................... 13<br />
5.1 diskriminaciis dauSvebloba (muxli 2) ......................................................................... 13<br />
5.2 <strong>bavSvis</strong> WeSmariti interesebi (muxli 3) ........................................................................ 14<br />
5.3 sicocxlis, sicocxlis SenarCunebisa da jansaRi ganviTarebis<br />
ufleba (muxli 6) ....................................................................................................................................... 14<br />
5.4 <strong>bavSvis</strong> Sexedulebebisadmi pativiscema (muxli 12) ............................................. 15<br />
6. samoqalaqo uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi ........................................................................... 15<br />
6.1 dabadebis registracia (muxli 7) ........................................................................................ 15<br />
6.2 gamoxatvis Tavisufleba (muxli13) .................................................................................... 16<br />
6.3 asociaciebisa da mSvidobiani Sekrebebis Tavisufleba (muxli 15) ..... 17<br />
6.4 informaciaze xelmisawvdomoba (muxli 17) ............................................................... 19<br />
6.5 wameba da sxva saxis sastiki, arahumanuri da damamcirebeli<br />
mopyroba an dasja (muxli 37a) ................................................................................................... 19<br />
7. ojaxuri garemo da alternatiuli zrunva ..................................................................... 20<br />
2
7.1 alternatiuli momsaxurebebi mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebuli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis (muxli20) ................................................................................................................... 20<br />
7.2 ganTavsebis perioduli mimoxilva (muxli 25) ..................................................... 25<br />
7.3 qveynis SigniT da qveynis gareT gaSvileba (muxli 21) ................................. 26<br />
7.4 <strong>bavSvis</strong> mimarT Zaladoba da ugulebelyofa (muxli 19) .............................. 26<br />
8. bazisuri jandacva da keTildReoba ...................................................................................... 29<br />
8.1 unarSezRuduli bavSvebi (muxli 23) ................................................................................ 29<br />
8.2 janmrTeloba da jandacvis servisebi (muxli 24) ............................................... 31<br />
8.4 socialuri uzrunvelyofa, bavSvTa jandacva da samedicino<br />
momsaxurebis obieqtebi (muxlebi 18.3 da 26) ................................................................... 34<br />
8.5 cxovrebis standarti (muxli 27) ........................................................................................ 34<br />
9. ganaTleba, Tavisufali dro da kulturuli RonisZiebebi (muxlebi 28,<br />
29, 31) .......................................................................................................................................................................... 35<br />
10. specialuri damcavi zomebi .........................................................................................................38<br />
10.1 ltolvili da iZulebiT gadaagdilebuli bavSvebi (muxli 22) ...........38<br />
10.1.1 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebi post-konfliqtur zonebSi:<br />
cxinvalis regionsa da galis raionSi .......................................................................... 39<br />
10.1.2 saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze<br />
macxovrebeli iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis mdgomareoba ....... 41<br />
10.2 ekonomikuri eqspluatacia (muxli 32) ........................................................................ 43<br />
10.3 seqsualuri eqspluatacia, trefikingi (muxlebi 34 da 35) ........................ 44<br />
10.4 quCis bavSvebi .................................................................................................................................... 45<br />
10.5 narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli problema (muxli 33) .................................... 47<br />
10.6 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba (muxlebi 37, 39, 40) ........................ 47<br />
10.7 bavSvebi, romlebic ganekuTvnebian umciresobaTa jgufebs .................... 53<br />
11. bavSvebis monawileoba <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> alternatiuli<br />
angariSis momzadebaSi .............................................................................................................................. 54<br />
11.1 saqarTvelos axalgazrda liderebi <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb ..................................................................................................................... 54<br />
3
11.2 bavSvebi, romlebic ver axorcieleben uflebas hqondeT bednieri<br />
bavSvoba: SeumCnevlebi da daviwyebulebi ........................................................................ 56<br />
12. regionaluri arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileoba <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
<strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis alternatiuli angariSis<br />
momzadebaSi ........................................................................................................................................................ 57<br />
13. rekomendaciebi ........................................................................................................................................ 58<br />
14. gamoyenebuli literatura ........................................................................................................... 60<br />
15. danarTi 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 61<br />
4
akronimebis CamonaTvali<br />
CAP Government’s Action Plan for Children – mTavrobis samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma<br />
bavSvebisaTvis<br />
CESCR Committee on Economic Social and Cultural Rights- ekonomikuri,<br />
socialuri da kulturuli uflebebis komiteti<br />
CCG Criminal Code of Georgia – saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsi<br />
CPCG Criminal Procedure Code of Georgia – saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi<br />
CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child – <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> dacvis<br />
komiteti<br />
EDPRP Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy Plan –<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis<br />
strategiuli <strong>ge</strong>gma<br />
EU European Union – evrokavSiri<br />
GEL Georgian Lari – qarTuli lari<br />
GoG Government of Georgia – saqarTvelos mTavroba<br />
GYLA Georgian Young Lawyers’ Association – saqarTvelos axalgazrda<br />
iuristTa asociacia<br />
GYRC Guria Youth Resource Centre – guriis axalgazrduli resurs centri<br />
IDP Internally Displaced Person – iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri<br />
ILO International Labour Organization – Sromis saerTaSoriso<br />
organizacia<br />
IMR Infant Mortality Rate – bavSvTa sikvdilianoba<br />
MDG Millennium Development Goals – aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi<br />
MoF Ministry of Finance of Georgia – saqarTvelos finansTa saministro<br />
MoES Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia – saqarTvelos<br />
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro<br />
MoLHSA Ministry of Labour Health and Social Affairs – saqarTvelos Sromis,<br />
janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro<br />
NGO Non-Governmental Organization – arasamTavrobo organizacia<br />
NPA National Plan of Action – erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma<br />
PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper – siRaribis daZlevis strategiuli<br />
dokumenti<br />
SAESA State A<strong>ge</strong>ncy for Employment and Social Assistance – dasaqmebisa da<br />
SIDA<br />
socialuri daxmarebis saxelmwifo saa<strong>ge</strong>nto<br />
Swedish International Development Cooperation A<strong>ge</strong>ncy – SvedeTis<br />
saerTaSoriso ganviTarebisa da TanamSromlobis saa<strong>ge</strong>nto<br />
SDS State Department of Statistics – statistikis saxelmwifo<br />
departamenti<br />
STD Sexually Transmitted Disease – sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi<br />
daavadebebi<br />
U5MR<br />
Under 5 Mortality Rate – 5 wlamde asakis bavSvTa sikvdilianoba<br />
5
1. Sesavali<br />
winamdebare alternatiuli angariSi <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb [SemdgomSi konvencia, an CRC] momzadda<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli erovnuli da saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis samuSao jgufis mier, iunisefis mxardaWeriT.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufi, romelic <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
bavSvTa uflebebisa da saWiroebebis sakiTxebze muSaobs, Camoyalibda<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis alternatiuli angariSis<br />
SemuSavebis mizniT. aRniSnuli dokumenti unda waredginos<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis komitets. samuSao jgufi<br />
Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba oci arasamTavrobo organizaciisagan, romlebic <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
uflebebze muSaoben <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> (ixileT danarTi 1). <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong><br />
<strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis alternatiuli angariSis momzadebas<br />
evriCaildis saqarTvelos warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba uwevda koordinacias.<br />
alternatiul angariSSi warmod<strong>ge</strong>nilia saqarTvelos samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis Sexedulebebi <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb,<br />
rogorc es <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> konvenciaSia mocemuli.<br />
alternatiuli angariSis mizania <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvTa mdgomareobisa<br />
da <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb analizis gakeTeba. angariSi<br />
upirveles yovlisa efuZneba informacias, rac xelmisawvdomia<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> uSualod <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebsa da saWiroebebze momuSave<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebisaTvis. alternatiuli angariSi<br />
momzadda <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis mesame<br />
perioduli saxelmwifo angariSis pasuxad da moicavs saxelmwifo<br />
angariSis analizs nawilebis mixedviT. ufro metic, angariSi exmaureba<br />
mTavar mosazrebebsa da rekomendaciebs, rac mocemulia <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
<strong>uflebaTa</strong> dacvis komitetis daskvniT SeniSvnebSi [SemdgomSi komiteti],<br />
romelic momzadda saxelmwifos meore perioduli angariSis pasuxad.<br />
alternatiuli angariSi aCvenebs sxvaobas saxelmwifo angariSSi<br />
aRweril <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebul bavSvTa mdgomareobasa da bavSvTa<br />
uflebebis sakiTxebze momuSave adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis mier danaxul mdgomareobas Soris. alternatiuli<br />
angariSi aseve warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns yvela uaryofiT da dadebiT cvlilebas<br />
bavSvTa uflebebisa da saWiroebebis sferoSi, rac ukve wina angariSis<br />
Semdeg ganxorcielda. amgvarad, arasamTavrobo organizaciis angariSSi<br />
mocemulia alternatiul Sexeduleba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb .<br />
arsamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufma yvela Rone ixmara<br />
imisaTvis, raTa alternatiuli angariSis momzadebis procesi rac<br />
SeiZleba monawileobiTi yofiliyo. upirveles yovlisa, evriCaildis<br />
saqarTvelos ofisma moiwvia yvela adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso<br />
arasamTavrobo organizacia, romlebic muSaoben bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
dacvis sferoSi rogorc TbilisSi, aseve saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi,<br />
raTa maT alternatiuli angariSis momzadebis procesSi mieRoT<br />
6
monawileoba. amgvarad Camoyalibda Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva<br />
regionebSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis “samuSao jgufi”.<br />
Semdeg, samuSao jgufma qalaq baTumSi Ria diskusia gamarTa dasavleT<br />
da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebTan. Ria diskusiebis mizani iyo saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />
regionebSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis azris ga<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSis uflebebis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>sTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
sabolood ki samuSao jgufma Zal-Rone ar daiSura, raTa angariSis<br />
momzadebis procesSi bavSvebis CarTuloba uzrunveleyo. samuSao jgufi<br />
ecada gaego, Tu ras fiqrobdnen bavSvebi maTi uflebebis<br />
ganaxorcielebisa da saxelmwifos im mcdelobis Sesaxeb, rac <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
uflebebis <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis mxardaWerasTan aris<br />
dakavSirebuli. am miznebiT samuSao jgufma diskusiebi gamarTa<br />
axalgazrda liderebTan, romlebic aqtiurad iyvnen CarTulni<br />
sxvadasxva socialur da samoqalaqo RonisZiebebSi, aseve saqarTvelos<br />
socialurad daucvel iseT bavSvebTan, rogoricaa quCis bavSvebi.<br />
2. zogadi mimoxilva<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis analizma,<br />
romelic adgilobrivma da saerTaSoriso organizaciebis samuSao<br />
jgufma moamzada, gamoavlina, rom <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebis mdgomareoba<br />
jer kidev arastabiluria. bavSvTa keTildReobis sistemaSi garkveuli<br />
miRwevebi namdvilad saxezea 2003 wlidan, Tumca, 2003 wlis Sedeg<br />
miRweuli progresi bavSvTa uflebebis efeqturad ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
arasakmarisi aRmoCnda. bavSvebi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> jer kidev dganan iseTi<br />
sxvadasxva sakiTxebis winaSe, rogoricaa siRaribe, socialuri<br />
izolireba, saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis nakleboba da SezRuduli<br />
xelmisawvdomoba bazisur socialur da jandacvis momsaxurebaze.<br />
saxelmwifosaTvis mniSvnelovan gamowvevad rCeba is faqti, rom bavSvTa<br />
saWiroebebi da uflebebi ugulebelyofilia.<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mimdinare swrafi ekonomikuri zrda Zalian<br />
araTanasworad mimdinareobda, ramac Sedegad moitana sazogadoebis<br />
ukiduresi polarizacia mdidrebsa da Raribebs Soris. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
axlo warsulSi miRweulma ekonomikuri ganviTarebis maRalma donem<br />
ver gaaumjobesa iseTi yvelaze gaWirvebuli da socialurad daucveli<br />
jgufebis keTildReoba, rogoricaa bavSvebi, faqtobrivad ki maT yvelaze<br />
naklebad miiRes raime sar<strong>ge</strong>beli <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> momxdari ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis Sedegad.<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebi mTeli rigi problemebis winaSe dganan; Tumca,<br />
gansjisaTvis axlaxans wamoWril yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxs<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saxelmwifos reagireba arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis<br />
gazrdili maCveneblis mimarT. bavSvTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebulma saxelmwifo<br />
iniciativam, aseve nulovani Semwynareblobis politikam gaaZliera<br />
7
ZiriTadi sazogadoebidan kanondamrRvev bavSvTa socialuri<br />
gariyuloba. amJamad arsebuli saxelmwifo politika mimarTulia ara<br />
bavSvebis fsiqosocialuri reabilitaciisa da dacvisaken, aramed xels<br />
uwyobs bavSvTa kriminalizacias da dakavebis gamoyenebas rogorc<br />
saSualebas, romelsac unda mimarTon ara pirvel, aramed ukanasknel<br />
SemTxevaSi.<br />
3. ganxorcielebis zogadi saSualebebi<br />
3.1 kanonmdebloba<br />
saxelmwifos mier momzadebuli meore perioduli angariSis pasuxad<br />
daweril “daskvniTi SeniSvnebSi” komiteti miesalmeba sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebebs, romlebic meore perioduli angariSis war<strong>ge</strong>namde iqna<br />
SemuSavebuli; Tumca, gamoTqmulia wuxili aRniSnuli sakanonmdeblo<br />
iniciativebis gafantuli xasiaTis Sesaxeb, aseve im didi garRvevis gamo,<br />
rac kanonebsa da Sesabamis praqtikas Soris arsebobs. sakanonmdeblo<br />
RonisZiebebi, romlebic bavSvTa keTildReobazea orientirebuli, ar<br />
iqna konsolidirebuli erT kanonmdeblobaSi da kvlav gabneulia<br />
sxvadasxva kanonebsa da normatiul aqtebSi. saqarTvelos<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi jer kidev arsebobs didi xarvezi, rac bavSvze zrunvasa<br />
da bavSvTa keTildReobis regulaciebs ukavSirdeba; ufro metic, ar<br />
momxdara qarTuli kanonmdeblobis sruli harmonizeba <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
<strong>uflebaTa</strong> konvenciasTan (esaZe, 2007). esaZis mixedviT, saWiroa bavSvTa<br />
keTildReobis Sesabamis kanonmdeblobas mieces sistematizebuli da<br />
logikurad erTiani saxe; <strong>bavSvis</strong> keTildReobis kodeqsis miReba<br />
saukeTeso SesaZlo gza iqneboda aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad. eqspertis<br />
rekomendaciiT, am kodeqsis miRebisaTvis saukeTeso droa 2008/2009<br />
wlebi, roca <strong>bavSvis</strong> keTildReobis sistemaSi ZiriTadi reformebi<br />
saboloo saxiT iqneba ganxorcielebuli. saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi jer<br />
kidev mimdinareobs diskusiebi <strong>bavSvis</strong> keTildReobis kodeqsis miRebis<br />
irgvliv. zogadad, Cans, rom saqarTvelos mTavroba sakanonmdeblo<br />
ganxilvebis mimarT ar aris didi enTuziazmiT ganwyobili. ufro metic,<br />
kanonis praqtikaSi danergvis problema mniSvnelovanwilad aferxebs<br />
“<strong>konvenciis</strong>” srul realizebas.<br />
gansjis yvelaze didi sfero, romelic axlaxans gamovlinda, aris mTeli<br />
rigi kanonebis SemoReba, egreT wodebuli nulovani tolerantobis<br />
politika da saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi. saxlmwifos nulovani tolerantobis politika<br />
mniSvnelovnad zRudavs mosamarTlis diskreciul uflebamosilebas, rac<br />
arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebis dakavebis alternatiuli zomebis<br />
gamoyenebas exeba. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi axlaxans<br />
Setanili cvlilebebis Sesabamisad, bavSvTa sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asaki 14-dan 12 wlamde Semcirda. amgvarad,<br />
8
olodroindeli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi xels uwyobs<br />
kanondamrRvevi bavSvebis kriminalizacias, aseve seriozulad abrkolebs<br />
maT reabilitaciasa da socialur reintegracias. sakanonmdeblo<br />
cvlilebebi, rasakvirvelia, ar eTanxmeba arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis saerTaSoriso standartebs, kerZod ki gaerTianebuli<br />
erebis iuvenaluri samarTalwarmoebis standartul minimalur wesebs<br />
(pekinis wesebi) da gaeros gaidlainebs arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis<br />
prevenciisaTvis (riadis gaidlainebi). 1<br />
3.2 erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma: <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>, koordinacia da Sefaseba<br />
komiteti miesalmeba prezidentis mier 2003 wels gamocemul<br />
dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebas, romelic Sesabamisi samTavrobo organoebisagan<br />
moiTxovs 2003-2007 ww erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis (NPA)<br />
<strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s da mis gaTvaliswinebas socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis <strong>ge</strong>gmebis SemuSavebisas. Tumca, komiteti miiCnevs, rom<br />
erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma ar aris sakmarisad orientirebuli bavSvebze<br />
da misi ganxorcielebisaTvis naklebad aris gamoyofili adamianuri da<br />
finansuri resursebi. 2003-2007 wlebisaTvis erovnul samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmaSi<br />
mocemuli miznebis da amocanebis didi nawili kvlav ararealizebuli<br />
rCeba. ar aris makoordinirebeli organo, romelic monitorings<br />
gauwevs bavSvebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs da aseve <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis<br />
<strong>konvenciis</strong> <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. mTavari mizezi imisa, rom<br />
erovnuli samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma ver ganxorcielda iyo is, rom misi miznebi<br />
da amocanebi ar iqna Cadebuli saqarTvelos socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis mTavar <strong>ge</strong>gmaSi, siRaribis daZlevis strategiul<br />
dokumentSi (PRSP), romelsac formalurad moixsenieben rogorc<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis <strong>ge</strong>gma (EDPRP).<br />
bavSvTa uflebebi da saWiroebebi ar iqna warmatebiT asaxuli<br />
ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da siRaribis daZlevis <strong>ge</strong>gmaSi. arsebobs<br />
socialuri keTildReobis programebis konkretulad bavSvebisadmi<br />
mimarTvis mniSvnelovani problema. socialuri keTildReobis ZiriTadi<br />
programebi socialurad daucveli ojaxebisadmi aris mimarTuli da<br />
amgvarad, potenciuri sar<strong>ge</strong>beli bavSvebisaTvis rCeba mxolod<br />
nagulisxmevi. da bolos, socialuri keTildReobis danaxarjebi,<br />
romlebic gaRebulia konkretulad bavSvTa keTildReobis mimarT, isev<br />
arasakmarisia bavSvTa uflebebisa da saWiroebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis daxmarebiT, mTavroba muSaobs<br />
2008-2011 ww. „mTavrobis samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmaze bavSvebisaTvis‟ (CAP)<br />
romelic Caanacvlebs amJamad arsebul erovnul samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmas.<br />
samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis mTavari miznebia mxari dauWiros bavSvebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobas bazisur socialur da janmrTelobis momsaxurebaze,<br />
1 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 4: <strong>bavSvis</strong> gansazRvreba, aseve nawili 10.6:<br />
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba<br />
9
daicvas bavSvebi ugulebelyofisa da Zaladobisagan, aseve miawodos<br />
ojaxur garemoze dafuZnebuli momsaxurebebi mSobelTa mzrunvelobas<br />
moklebul bavSvebs. <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebze momuSave arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis samuSao jgufi imedovnebs, rom saboloo „samoqmedo<br />
<strong>ge</strong>gma bavSvebisaTvis‟ iqneba srulyofili da moaxdens <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
uflebebisa da saWiroebebis realizebas <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. samuSao jgufi<br />
aseve imedovnebs, rom „samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma bavSvebisaTvis‟ uzrunvelyofili<br />
iqneba adeqvaturi sajaro dafinansebiT, raTa ganxorcieldes <strong>ge</strong>gmaSi<br />
asaxuli miznebis praqtikuli realizeba.<br />
3.3 damoukidebeli monitoringi<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom komiteti miesalmeba <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis centris<br />
Camoyalibebas saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis ofisSi, is aseve<br />
gamoTqvams SeSfoTebas organizaciuli struqturisa da araadeqvaturi<br />
SesaZleblobisadmi, rac ukavSirdeba organizaciis mandatis efeqturad<br />
<strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s. amas garda, is aseve gamoTqvams wuxils imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom centrma ar moaxdina Tavisi saqmianobis ganvrcoba eqvsi regionis<br />
miRma. <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis centrs, romelic saqarTvelos saxalxo<br />
damcvelis ofisSi muSaobs, amJamad warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba mxolod sam<br />
regionSi gaaCnia. es gansakuTrebiT zRudavs organizaciul<br />
SesaZleblobas, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis darRvevis sakiTxebi<br />
ganixilebodes mTeli qveynis masStabiT, ramdenadac ki amas organizaciis<br />
mandati moiTxovs. gaeros bavSvTa fondis mier inicirebulma centris<br />
Sefasebam gamoavlina, rom organizaciis struqturuli SesaZlebloba<br />
Zalze SezRudulia. kerZod, centri ganicdis rogorc adamianuri, aseve<br />
finansuri resursebis simcires. amgvarad, monawile saxelmwifom ar<br />
gaiTvaliswina komitetis mier gakeTebuli rekomendaciebi, kerZod ki<br />
zomebis miReba centris RonisZiebebis sistematiuri organizebis<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis, misi saTanado adamianuri da finansuri resursebiT<br />
uzrunvelyofa, aseve misi gavrceleba qveynis yvela regionSi.<br />
3.4 resursebis ganawileba<br />
komiteti gamoxatavs Tavis mosazrebas <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
ganxorcielebisaTvis biujetidan Zalian mcire Tanxebis gamoyofis<br />
Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT ki imis gamo, rom miuxedavad ekonomikuri zrdis<br />
sakmaod didi maCveneblisa (5.2% 2002 wels) sajaro danaxarjebi<br />
janmrTelobasa da ganaTlebisaTvis ganuwyvetliv mcirdeba. xazi unda<br />
gaesvas imas, rom ekonomikuri zrdis maCvenebeli 2006 wels<br />
mniSvnelovnad maRali iyo, kerZod ki 9.4%. miuxedavad amisa,<br />
saqarTvelos ekonomikis uwyveti da swrafi zrda ar gadaizarda iseTi<br />
yvelaze mowyvladi jgufebis keTildReobis gaumjobesebaSi, rogoric<br />
bavSvebia. socialuri keTildReobis danaxarjebis zrda 2003 wlis<br />
Semdeg, kerZod ki ganaTlebasa da jandacvaSi, ar Seesabameboda qveynis<br />
ekonomikis zrdis arsebul doneebs. 2 saerTo mosaxleobis 25%-ze meti<br />
2<br />
sajaro danaxarjebi rogorc mSp-s procenti 2004-dan 2007 wlamde 1) jandacvis<br />
seqtorSi 4.71%-dan 5.73%-mde da 2) ganaTlebaSi 0.93%-dan 2.47%_mde gaizarda, wyaro:<br />
10
jer kidev ukidures siRaribeSi cxovrobs da mosaxleobis 50% Raribia 3 .<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebobs uTanasworobis maRali maCvenebeli (ginis<br />
indeqsiT es maCvenebelia 40.4 4 ) da aseve mniSvnelovani problemebi,<br />
romlebic resursebis Tanabar ganawilebas ukavSirdeba. faqtobrivad,<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> uTanasworobis donem miaRwia im niSnuls, rac ufro<br />
metad laTinuri amerikisa da afrikis, kerZod ki saharis qvemoT<br />
mdebare teritoriisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. da bolos,<br />
Tanasworobis problemebi Zalian uSlis xels <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
uflebebis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s.<br />
3.5 monacemTa mopoveba<br />
komitetma xelaxla gaakeTa rekomendaciebi, romlebic saxelmwifo<br />
organoebs mouwodebda gamoeCinaT ufro meti Zalisxmeva, raTa<br />
monacemTa mopovebisaTvis Camoyalibebuliyo centraluri reestri da<br />
dainergiliyo erTiani sistema, rac moicavda konvenciiT<br />
gaTvaliswinebul yvela sferos. Tumca, monacemTa mopovebis sistema jer<br />
kidev ar gaumjobesebula da aseve ar aris progresi centraluri<br />
reestris formirebis kuTxiT. monacemebis mopoveba saqarTvelos<br />
bavSvTa keTildReobis Sesaxeb jer kidev arasistematuria. arsebobs<br />
mniSvnelovani saWiroeba imisa, rom monacemebi sistemuri da farTod<br />
xelmisawvdomi gaxdes mosaxleobisaTvis.<br />
3.6 treningi da <strong>konvenciis</strong> gavrceleba<br />
komiteti miesalmeba sazogadoebis informirebulobis iniciativas, rasac<br />
mxars gaeros bavSvTa fondi da sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebi uWeren. garda amisa, komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifo<br />
mxareebs ganagrZon RonisZiebebi imisaTvis, rom uzrunvelyon<br />
adeqvaturi da sistematuri treningi <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis Sesaxeb im<br />
profesionalebisaTvis, romlebic bavSvebTan an bavSvebisaTvis muSaoben<br />
, gansakuTrebiT ki es exeba samarTaldamcav oficialur pirebs,<br />
parlamentarebs, mosamarTleebs, iuristebs, jandacvis personals,<br />
maswavleblebsa da sxvebs. rasakvirvelia, didia saWiroeba imisa, rom<br />
treningi CautardeT samarTaldamcav oficialur pirebs da sxva<br />
profesionalebs bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi da konvenciaSi Cadebuli sxva<br />
uflebebis Sesaxeb. treningi bavSvebTan momuSave sxvadasxva profesiis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nelTaTvis ar aRmoCnda sakmarisi. magaliTad, axlaxans<br />
miRebuli kanoniT „ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb‟ arsebobs moTxovna, rom<br />
policiisa da sxva profesionalebs CautardeT treningi bavSvze<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis erovnuli perioduli angariSi 2002-2006 ww. momzadebuli<br />
organizaciisaTvis „saTanado msoflio bavSvebisaTvis‟ „plus 5‟, 2002 w. UNGA-s<br />
bavSvebisaTvis gamarTuli specialuri sesiis mimoxilva.<br />
3 wyaro: msoflio banki: www.worldbank.org<br />
4<br />
wyaro: gaerTianebuli erebis ganviTarebis programa (UNDP, 2006). adamianTa<br />
ganviTarebis angariSi 2006.<br />
11
Zaladobis gamoZiebis Temaze; Tumca, jerjerobiT SesaZleblobis<br />
ganviTarebis kuTxiT ar momxdara aranairi RonisZiebis SeTavazeba .<br />
sazogadoebis informirebuloba bavSvTa uflebebisa da saWiroebebis<br />
Sesaxeb, rogorc es konvenciaSia mocemuli, jer kidev Zalian dabalia.<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufi<br />
ganamtkicebs komitetis mier gakeTebul rekomendaciebs, raTa<br />
gaafarTovon SesaZleblobis ganviTarebaze mimarTuli trenin<strong>ge</strong>bi im<br />
sxvadasxva profesionalebisaTvis, romlebic pirdapir an iribad<br />
muSaoben bavSvebTan. aq igulisxmeba policiis oficrebi, eqimebi, meddebi,<br />
maswavleblebi, parlamentarebi da mosamarTleebi.<br />
4. <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganmarteba<br />
rogorc saxelmwifom ganacxada Tavis mesame periodul angariSSi<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos<br />
sisxlissamarTlebrivi kanonmdebloba krZalavs sisxlissamarTlebrivi<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis aRZvras 14 wlamde asakis pirTa mimarT. saxelmwifo<br />
aseve akeTebs ganacxads, rom „amgvari akrZalva aris im faqtis miniSneba,<br />
rom saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba uzrunvelyofs <strong>bavSvis</strong> Sesabamisi<br />
interesebisa da uflebebis dacvas‟ (saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2007, punqti<br />
56). saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi cvlilebebis<br />
Setana SemoTavazebul iqna 2007 wels, romelTa mixedviT sxvadasxva<br />
saxis danaSaulis CadenisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis<br />
minimaluri asaki 2008 wlis 1 ivlisidan bavSvebisaTvis 14-dan 12 wlamde<br />
Semcirdeba. <strong>bavSvis</strong> sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis<br />
Semcireba uaRresad ukiduresi zomaa, romelic saxelmwifom miiRo<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis gazrdili maCveneblis sapasuxod.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsSi Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi, romlebic sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asaks<br />
amcirebs, ar Seesabameba bavSvTa uflebebis konvencis debulebebs da sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso standartebs minimaluri asakis regulaciebis Taobaze,<br />
rac gaeros iuvenaluri samarTalwarmoebis standartul minimalur<br />
wesebSi aris mocemuli (pekinuri wesebi).<br />
saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufma gamoxata<br />
SeSfoTeba, rom saxelmwifom arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis gazrdil<br />
maCvenebelze reagirebisaTvis sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis<br />
asakis Semcirebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebisas, ar moiZia bavSvTa<br />
fsiqolo<strong>ge</strong>bisa da sxva kompetenturi profesionalebis Sexedulebebi<br />
amgvari sadamsjelo zomebis SemoRebis Sesaxeb,. samuSao jgufma aseve<br />
gamoxata wuxili imis Sesaxeb, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebamde<br />
saxelmwifom ar warmarTa saTanado kvleva Tu rogori emociuri,<br />
sulieri da intelqtualuri Sedegi SeiZleba gamoiRos bavSvebis mimarT<br />
amgvari meqanizmis SemoRebam. da bolos, samuSao jgufis gansjis sagans<br />
aseve warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns is faqti,, rom sisxlis samarTlis pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>bloba<br />
Semcirebulia im pirobebSi, roca iuvenaluri samarTlis sistema<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> ar uzrunvelyofs arsrulwlovani damnaSaveebis<br />
12
socialur intergracias. amgvarad, arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
sistema bavSvTa ganaTlebisa da reabilitaciis miznebs ar emsaxureba.<br />
5. zogadi principebi<br />
5.1 diskriminaciis dauSvebloba (muxli 2)<br />
komiteti gamoxatavs wuxils saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi – sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsSi arsebuli antidiskriminaciuli debulebebis<br />
Sesaxeb, aseve im faqtis mimarT, rom kanonmdebloba srulad ar asaxavs<br />
<strong>konvenciis</strong> me-2 muxls. kerZod, komiteti miiCnevs, rom aRniSnuli<br />
kanonmdebloba ar moicavs yvela mowyvlad jgufs, rogoricaa<br />
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi. komiteti Tavis<br />
rekomendaciebSi imeorebs, rom monawile saxelmwifos mier arsebuli<br />
kanonmdeblobis ganxilva unda warimarTos misi <strong>konvenciis</strong> meore<br />
muxlTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis kuTxiT. am mimarTulebiT jer<br />
aranaeri progresi ar SeimCneva. maSin, roca aradiskriminaciuli<br />
moTxovnebis CamonaTvali Zalian vrcelia, is mainc ar asaxavs<br />
diskriminaciis dauSveblobas „SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis‟ mimarT.<br />
SezRuduli fizikuri, inteleqtualuri da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis<br />
mqone bavSvebi ganicdian ugulebelyofas ojaxebis mxridan , ganaTlebis<br />
SezRudvas da gariyvas farTe sazogadoebidan, ris gamoc isini xSirad<br />
erT adgilas arian mijaWvulni da sxva mZime pirobebSi cxovroben.<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebi xSirad xdebian fizikuri da seqsualuri<br />
Zaladobis, aseve mwvave ugulebelyofis msxverplni saxelmwifos mier<br />
marTul mraval instituciur dawesebulebaSi, xolo ojaxTan erTad<br />
yofnis SemTxvevaSi izolirebulad da ganmartoebiT cxovroben.<br />
aRniSnuli bavSvebis mimarT arsebuli ganwyoba ara marto primitiulia,<br />
aramed aseve saxezea informirebulobis nakleboba. yovelive es xels<br />
uwyobs aratolerantulobas unarSezRuduli bavSvebis mimarT da maT<br />
socialur diskriminacias. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufi<br />
daJinebiT moiTxovs, rom saxelmwifom uzrunvelyos efeqturi<br />
sakanonmdeblo dacva unarSezRuduli mozrdilebisa da bavSvebisaTvis,<br />
aseve miiRos zomebi imisaTvis, rom bolo moeRos uaryofiT da saziano<br />
damokidebulebas aRniSnuli adamianebis mimarT.<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebi, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirni da sxva<br />
mowyvladi jgufebi ZiriTadi sazogadoebidan jer kidev gariyulia.<br />
eTnikuri umciresobis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli bavSvebisa da iZulebiT<br />
gadaadgilebul pirTa xelmisawvdomoba bazisur jandacvasa da<br />
saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebaze xSirad SezRudulia siRaribisa da<br />
arsebuli SesaZleblobebis gamo. magaliTad, romas (e.w. boSa) bavSvebi<br />
ar iReben savaldebulo ganaTlebas da savaraudod isini ufro metad<br />
dganan siRaribis da sxva socialuri problemebis winaSe, vidre<br />
eTnikurad qarTveli bavSvebi (msoflio banki, 2005). saxelmwifo<br />
intervenciebi eTnikuri umciresobis bavSvebis saganmanaTleblo<br />
13
uflebis warTmevis sapasuxod an saerTod ar xorcieldeba, an<br />
SemTxveviTi xasiaTisaa. amgvarad, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2005<br />
wels miRebuli koncefciis „adamianis uflebebisa da erovnuli<br />
umciresobebis integraciis‟ mizani, rom moxdes <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis integrireba politikur, socialur da<br />
ekonomikur cxovrebaSi, jer praqtikulad ar ganxorcielebula. 5<br />
5.2 <strong>bavSvis</strong> WeSmariti interesebi (muxli 3)<br />
komiteti gamoTqvams wuxils imis Sesaxeb, rom saxelmwifos<br />
kanonmdeblobaSi, politikasa da programebSi rogorc centralur, aseve<br />
adgilobriv doneze ar aris srulad asaxuli <strong>bavSvis</strong> ufleba, misi<br />
WeSmariti interesebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2003<br />
wlis Semdeg garkveul progress hqonda adgili, bavSvTa<br />
keTildReobasTan dakavSirebuli saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba,<br />
erovnuli da adgilobrivi politika, ar aris moyvanili srul<br />
SesabamisobaSi <strong>konvenciis</strong> me-3 muxlTan, sadac mocemulia, rom<br />
upirvelesi yuradReba unda daeTmos <strong>bavSvis</strong> interesebis dacvis ukeT<br />
uzrunvelyofas. amJamad <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli sajaro politika ar<br />
aris bavSvze orientirebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom progresi<br />
TvalSisacemia, bavSvebis uflebebi da saWiroebebi ar dgas mTavrobis<br />
dRis wesrigze, rogorc umTavresi sakiTxi.<br />
5.3 sicocxlis, sicocxlis SenarCunebisa da jansaRi ganviTarebis ufleba<br />
(muxli 6)<br />
komitetma gamoxata Tavisi mosazreba im faqtis Sesaxeb, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
sicocxlis, sicocxlis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis ufleba ar aris<br />
srulad asaxuli monawile qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi, politikasa da<br />
programebSi. komiteti monawile qveynisagan daJinebiT moiTxovs, rom<br />
moaxdinos am muxlis integracia kanonmdeblobasa da yvela Sesabamis<br />
administraciul da politikur gadawyvetilebaSi, aseve gamoiyenos<br />
aRniSnuli principi politikis SemuSavebis procesSi yvela doneze.<br />
saxelmwifos ar gamouyvia sakmarisi adamianuri da finansuri resursebi,<br />
aseve ar gadaudgams adeqvaturi nabijebi imisaTvis, rom uzrunveleyo<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> sicocxlisa da sicocxlis SenarCunebis uflebis realizeba.<br />
oficialuri statistikis mixedviT, axalSobilTa da xuT wlamde asakis<br />
bavSvTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 21.1-dan 18.1-mde da, Sesabamisad, 24.9-<br />
dan 19.9-mde Semcirda; Tumca, arsebuli mimarTulebebi ar aris sakmarisi<br />
imisaTvis, rom dakmayofildes aTaswleulis ganviTarebis <strong>ge</strong>gmebis<br />
miznebi bavSvTa sicocxlis SenarCunebisaTvis. 6<br />
5 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 10.7 umciresobaTa jgufebis bavSvebi<br />
6<br />
mizani 4: bavSvTa sikvdilianobis Semcireba; samizne: xuT wlamde bavSvTa<br />
sikvdilianobis Semcireba ori mesamediT. aTaswleulis ganviTarebis (MDG) miznebis<br />
miRweva 2015 wlisaTvis aris navaraudevi.<br />
14
5.4 <strong>bavSvis</strong> Sexedulebebisadmi pativiscema (muxli 12)<br />
komiteti miesalmeba saqarTvelos axalgazrduli saqmeebis saxelmwifo<br />
departamentis Zalisxmevas, rasac mxars gaeros bavSvTa fondi uWers,<br />
raTa aRadginos bavSvTa parlamenti da sxva RonisZiebebi, romelTa<br />
mizani aris sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazrda bavSvTa<br />
monawileobiTi uflebebisa da samoqalaqo kodeqsSi Setanili<br />
cvlilebebis Sesabamisad. komitetma gamoTqva Tavisi mosazreba imis<br />
Sesaxeb, rom saxezea RonisZiebebis nakleboba, rac mxars dauWerda<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> Sexedulebebisadmi pativiscemas ojaxsa da sxva garemoSi. ar<br />
gamarTula sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebis kampaniebi mTavrobis<br />
mier, raTa mxari daeWiraT ojaxebsa da sxva garemoSi <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
Sexedulebebis mimarT pativiscemis gamomJRavnebisaTvis. <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
Sexedulebebis gamoxatvis Tavisufleba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> jer kidev<br />
problemad rCeba. kvlevam aCvena, rom bavSvebi ZiriTadad gamoTiSulni<br />
arian gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesidan TavianT sakuTar ojaxebSi.<br />
isini aRniSnaven, rom maT ufrosebi pativs ar scemen da ar afaseben maT<br />
Sexedulebebs (guriis axalgazrduli resurs-centri, bavSvTa<br />
monawileobis SeswavlisaTvis gamarTuli kvleva).<br />
6. samoqalaqo uflebebi da Tavisuflebebi<br />
6.1 dabadebis registracia (muxli 7)<br />
komitetma gamoTqva Tavisi Sexeduleba imis Sesaxeb, rom dabadebis<br />
saTanado registraciasTan dakavSirebiT sirTuleebs awydebian iseTi<br />
bavSvebis jgufebi, rogoricaa samSobiaroSi mitovebuli bavSvebi,<br />
bavSvebi, romelTa mSoblebsac registraciasTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis<br />
dafarva ar SeuZliaT, ltolvili da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa<br />
bavSvebi. komitetis rekomendaciaa, rom monawile mxareebma yvela zoma<br />
miiRon rTul pirobebSi myof bavSvTa dabadebis mowmobis gaformebis<br />
xelSewyobisaTvis da maTTvis registracia ufaso gaxadon. 2004 wlis<br />
ivnisidan procesi gamartivda da ufaso gaxda, ramac wvlili Seitana<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> dabadebis registraciis gaumjobesebis saqmeSi. 2005 wels<br />
gamarTuli reproduqciuli janmrTelobis kvlevam gamoavlina, rom<br />
bavSvTa registraciis maCvenebelma gacilebiT maRla aiwia. Tumca,<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> problemebi jer kidev saxezea.<br />
bavSvTa mniSvnelovnad did raodenobas dabadebis mowmobebi jer kidev<br />
ara aqvs. amJamad, aRniSnuli problemi gamowveulia Semdegi mizezebiT: 1)<br />
mSoblebs ara aqvT materialuri SesaZlebloba, rom miakiTxon im<br />
adgils, sadac formdeba dabadebis registracia; 2) mSobels xSirad ara<br />
aqvs piradobis mowmoba an sxva dokumenti, rac <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
registraciisaTvis aris saWiro; ufro metic, mSoblebs xSirad ar<br />
SeuZliaT piradobis mowmobebis aRd<strong>ge</strong>na masTan dakavSirebuli xarjebis<br />
gamo; 3) registraciis procesis garTuleba iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca<br />
mSobeli qorwinebaSi ar imyofeba, an rodesac deda dakargulia; 4)<br />
15
informaciis mopovebis SeuZlebloba konfliqtis zonebSi dabadebuli<br />
bavSvebis da e.w. „quCis bavSvebis” registraciis Sesaxeb da 5)<br />
registraciis sirTuleebi, roca <strong>bavSvis</strong> dabadeba samSobiaro saxlebSi<br />
ar xdeba. amas garda, kidev mravali SemTxvevaa, roca dedebi<br />
samSobiaroebSi sxva saxeliT registrirdebian, raTa Tavi aaridon<br />
mSobiarobasTan dakavSirebul oficialur xarjebs 7 . amgvar SemTxvevebSi<br />
dedebs ar SeuZliaT bavSvi sakuTari saxeliT daaregistriron.<br />
dabadebis mowmobis arqona abrkolebis <strong>bavSvis</strong> xelmisawvdomobas<br />
bazisuri jandacvis, saganmanaTleblo da sxva socialur momsaxurebaze.<br />
amavdroulad, ar arsebobs politika, romelic uzrunvelyofda<br />
socialurad daucveli bavSvebis xelimsawvdomobas aucilebel<br />
momsaxurebebze, dabadebis mowmobis gareSe. arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis samuSao jgufi monawile qveynebisagan moiTxovs, rom<br />
SeimuSaon meqanizmi, romelic Seqmnis garantias imisa, rom yovel bavSvs<br />
miuwvdebodes xeli bazisur socialur da sxva momsaxurebebze,<br />
miuxedavad imisa, aqvT Tu ara dabadebis mowmoba.<br />
6.2 gamoxatvis Tavisufleba (muxli13)<br />
komitetma gamoxata SeSfoTebas imis Taobaze, rom 18 wlamde asakis<br />
bavSvebisaTvis gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis TvalsazrisiT aRiniSneba<br />
samarTlebrivi garantiebis simcire. komiteti aRniSavs, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebis mxardaWerasa da mis pativiscemas ar<br />
eTmoba sakmarisi yuradReba. aseve, tradiciuli kulturuli midgomebi<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> rolis Sesaxeb ojaxsa da sxva garemoSi dabrkolebas<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns <strong>bavSvis</strong>aTvis, rom Tavisuflad moiZios informacia an<br />
moaxdinos misi komunikacia. komitetis rekomendaciaa, rom monawile<br />
qveynebma yvela Sesabamisi zoma miiRon, sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis<br />
CaTvliT, raTa mxari dauWiron da uzrunvelyon <strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoxatvis<br />
Tavisuflebis uflebis dacva ojaxsa da sxva garemoSi.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciam “guriis axalgazrduli resursebis centri”<br />
Caatara mciremasStabiani kvleva bavSvTa iseTi monawileobiTi<br />
uflebebis Seaxeb, rogoricaa <strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis ufleba.<br />
gamoikiTxa daaxloebiT 50 moswavle, raTa dad<strong>ge</strong>niliyo aRniSnuli<br />
kvlevis mizani. mignebebma gamoavlina, rom bavSvebs TavianTi<br />
Sexedulebebis Tavisuflad gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba ara aqvT. isini<br />
fiqroben, rom skola aris adgili, sadac maTi uflebebi umetes<br />
SemTxvevebSi irRveva. sajaro skolebis sistemaSi mimdinare reformis<br />
procesi moicavs aqtiuri axalgazrduli TviTmmarTvelobis organos<br />
Seqmnas, romelmac savaraudod bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi unda<br />
moicvas. Tumca, bavSvebi fiqroben, rom TviTmmarTvelobis organoebis<br />
Seqmna mxolod formalobaa da rom maT ar aZleven nebas Tavisuflad<br />
7 <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mxolod ukiduresi siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myof dedebs SeuZliaT<br />
miiRon ufaso samedicino daxmareba samSobiaroebSi.<br />
16
gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi Tundac saganmanaTleblo procesisa<br />
da maswavleblebis Sesaxeb. maswavlebelTa umravlesobas, gansakuTrebiT<br />
ki ufro asakovan kategorias miaCnia, rom bavSvebi adeqvaturad unda<br />
iqnan informirebulni TavianTi pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobebisa da<br />
vadlebulebebis, da ara TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb. meores mxriv,<br />
arsebobs ramdenime gazeTi, romlebsac axalgazrdebi uZRvebian<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mxardaWeriT, rac maT saSualebas uqmnis<br />
Tavisuflad gamoxaton TavianTi Sexedulebebi sxvadasxva sakiTxebis<br />
Sesaxeb. bavSvebi mainc aRniSnaven, rom arsebobs raRac sakiTxebi,<br />
romelTa Sesaxeb sazogadoebis zewolis gamo mainc ver weren.<br />
advokatireba skolebTan, bavSvebsa da TemebTan, romlebic mimarTulia<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoxatvis Tavsuflebis uflebis mxardaWerisaken, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
mxolod arasamTavrobo organizaciebis iniciativebamdea dayvanili.<br />
saxelmwifos ar miuRia raime zoma <strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis<br />
uflebis mxardasaWerad sxvadasxva garemoebebSi, rac aseve ojaxebsa da<br />
skolebs moicavs. amgvarad, saxelmwifos mier ganxorcielebuli<br />
Zalisxmeva <strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis garantirebisaTvis,<br />
ukiduresad SezRuduli da formaluria.<br />
6.3 asociaciebisa da mSvidobiani Sekrebebis Tavisufleba (muxli 15)<br />
komiteti monawile saxelmwifos urCevs, rom ganagrZos bavSvTa iseTi<br />
RonisZiebebis mxardaWera da daxmareba, rogoricaa bavSvTa parlamenti,<br />
bavSvTa forumi da saqarTvelos bavSvTa asociacia. kerZod, komitetis<br />
rekomendaciaa, rom monawile saxelmwifom mxari dauWiros SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis da instituciur dawesebulebebSi myofi bavSvebis<br />
monawileobas amgvar RonisZiebebSi. aRniSnuli iniciativa<br />
saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebis mier aris dafinansebuli.<br />
dafinansebis Sewyvetis gamo aRniSnuli iniciativebi aRar arsebobs.<br />
bavSvTa TviTrealizaciis mxardaWeris mizniT, aseve maTi Sekrebis<br />
Tavisuflebis garantirebisaTvis, Seiqmna axali organizacia „bavSvTa<br />
sabWo‟, „Tbilisis bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis centris‟ daqvemdebarebaSi,<br />
romelic Tbilisis meriasTan funqcionirebs. aRniSnuli organizaciis<br />
misias warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns konvenciaSi mocemuli bavSvTa uflebebis<br />
mxardauWera. bavSvTa sabWos wevrebis mier ganxorcielebuli mTeli<br />
rigi proeqtebi exmianeba unarSezRuduli, mSobelTa mzrunvelobas<br />
moklebuli da quCis bavSvebis saWiroebebsa da uflebebs. sabWo muSaobs<br />
TbilisSi; Tumca, didi imedia, rom misi saqmianoba TandaTanobiT<br />
saqarTvelos sxva regionebsac moicavs.<br />
saqarTvelos axalgazrduli resurs centris kvlevam bavSvTa<br />
monawileobis Sesaxeb aCvena, rom miuxedavad imisa, rom axalgazrdebs<br />
skolaSi TviTmmarTvelobis Camoyalibebis ufleba eZlevaT, isini<br />
mxolod da mxolod maSin grZnoben TviTrealizacias, roca sxvadasxva<br />
asociaciebs an moxaliseTa klubebs uerTdebian, romelTac ZiriTadad<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebi uWeren mxars. axalgazrda adamianebma<br />
ganacxades, rom asociaciebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nda adgils, sadac isini<br />
17
ganixilebodnen rogorc Tanabarni, ar grZnobdnen sazogadoebis<br />
zewolas da sadac maT Sexedulebebs pativs scemdnen.<br />
mesame periodul angariSSi saxelmwifo akeTebs ganacxads <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
uflebebis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb, rac ukavSirdeba asociaciebis<br />
uflebas. <strong>konvenciis</strong> me-15 muxlSi mocemulia, rom garda asociaciis<br />
Tavisuflebisa, bavSvs aseve mSvidobiani Sekrebis uflebac gaaCnia.<br />
saxelmwifom ver SesZlo moewodebina informacia samarTlebrivi<br />
debulebebis Sesaxeb, rac bavSvTa mSvidobiani Sekrebis uflebis<br />
garantias iZleva. saxelmwifos mier momzadebul meore da mesame<br />
angariSSi ar aris mocemuli informacia „Sekrebebisa da manifestaciebis‟<br />
Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis, kerZod ki misi 5.3 muxlis Taobaze.<br />
aRniSnuli muxlis Sesabamisad, 18 wlamde asakis saqarTvelos moqalaqes<br />
ar SeuZlia gamarTos mSvidobiani Sekreba/demonstracia Tu<br />
manifestacia. piri, romelsac demonstraciis gamarTva surs, valdebulia<br />
winaswar Seatyobinos adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas amgvari<br />
RonisZiebis mowyobaze im adgilebSi, sadac sazogadoebrivi transporti<br />
moZraobs. Tu Setyobineba ar moxda, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis<br />
erTeulebi aZleven policias uflebas, rom daSalon demonstracia.<br />
imisaTvis, rom bavSvebma TavianTi Sexedulebebi sxvadasxva sakiTxebis<br />
Sesaxeb mSvidobiani Sekrebis formiT gamoxaton, bavSvma unda miiRos<br />
ufrosis Tanxmoba. amis Semdeg, <strong>bavSvis</strong> saxeliT ufrosma adamianma<br />
TanxmobisaTvis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos unda<br />
mimarTos . bavSvebma, ufrosebisgan gansxvavebiT, demonstraciis<br />
gasamarTavad ormagi Tanxmoba unda miiRon, rac seriozulad abrkolebs<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> mSvidobiani Sekrebisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis uflebis<br />
<strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s. bavSvebs SeiZleba undodeT demonstraciis gamarTva im<br />
sakiTxebze, rac ufrosebis interesebSi ar Sedis, an rac ufrosebis<br />
Rirebulebebsa da interesebs ewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>ba.<br />
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa<br />
asociaciam sarCeli Seitana saqarTvelos sakonstitucio sasamarTloSi,<br />
raTa eRiarebinaT muxli 5.2. rogorc arakonstituciuri da misi<br />
gauqmebisaTvis mieRwiaT. Tumca, sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ZalaSi<br />
datova gasaCivrebuli muxli da aRniSna, rom bavSvebi momwifebulni ar<br />
arian da „SezRuduli samoqalaqo da iuridiuli SesaZlebloba‟ gaaCniaT.<br />
sakonstitucio sasamarTlom daadgina, rom saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kanonmdeblobisa da konstituciis Sesabamisad, bavSvebisaTvis<br />
amgvari SezRudvebis daweseba SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas rogorc misaRebi<br />
praqtika. Tumca, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufs Rrmad<br />
swams, rom Sekrebis Tavisufleba demokratiul procesebSi aqtiuri<br />
monawileobis saSualebas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. amgvarad, kanonis me-5.2 muxliT<br />
dawesebuli SezRudva dabrkolebas uqmnis bavSvebs miiRon aqtiuri<br />
monawileoba demokratiul procesebSi da seriozulad zRudavs <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
mSvidobiani Sekrebis uflebas, rac <strong>konvenciis</strong> me-15 muxlSi aris<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli.<br />
18
6.4 informaciaze xelmisawvdomoba (muxli 17)<br />
komiteti miesalmeba cvlilebebs kanonmdeblobaSi, romelic bavSvebs<br />
icavs mavne zegavlenis mqone informaciisagan, mag: cvlileba kanonSi<br />
reklamis Sesaxeb; Tumca SemoTavazebulia rekomendacia, rom monawile<br />
mxarem uzrunvelyos axali kanonmdeblobis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>. komiteti<br />
saxelmwifosagan moiTxovs, rom mxari dauWiros bavSvebis<br />
xelmisawvdomobas saTanado informaciaze. erTi mxriv, kanonmdeblobis<br />
Sesabamisi debulebebi mTlianad ar icavs bavSvebs mavne zegavlenis<br />
mqone informaciisagan, xolo meore mxriv bavSvebis Sesaxeb arsebul<br />
informaciaze xelmisawvdomoba, gansakuTrebiT ki socialurad daucveli<br />
bavSvebis SemTxvevaSi, Zalian SezRudulia. mTian regionebSi mcxovreb<br />
bavSvebsa da sxva socialurad daucvel jgufebs, rogoricaa quCis<br />
bavSvebi, ar miuwvdebaT xeli adeqvatur informaciaze, rac maTi<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis aris sWiro. es xSirad SeZlebuli ojaxebis Svilebis<br />
privilegiaa, Tumca, saxelmwifos jer kidev ar miuqcevia saTanado<br />
yuradReba komitetis mier SemoTavazebuli rekomendaciisaTvis, rac<br />
informaciaze bavSvebis xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas exeba.<br />
6.5 wameba da sxva saxis sastiki, arahumanuri da damamcirebeli mopyroba<br />
an dasja (muxli 37a)<br />
komiteti miesalmeba 2003-2005 ww „samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmas wamebis winaaRmdeg‟ ,<br />
romelic prezidentis dad<strong>ge</strong>nilebiT iqna damtkicebuli da miznad isaxavs<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> dacvas wamebisagan, arahumanuri, damamcirebeli, zianis mqone<br />
mopyrobisagan an sasjelisagan. Tumca komiteti mainc aris SeSfoTebuli<br />
imis gamo, rom bavSvebi xSir SemTxvevaSi wamebis an sxva saxis Zaladobis<br />
msxverplni arian skolebSi, instituciebSi da policiis ganyofilebebSi.<br />
komiteti aseve mouwodebs wevr qveyanas, rom miiRos aucilebeli zomebi<br />
„samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis‟ efeqturi ganxorcielebisaTvis, raTa uzrunvelyos<br />
bavSvebis sruli dacva nebismieri formis Zaladobisagan.<br />
mciredi ganxorcielda Zaladobisagan bavSvTa dacvis kuTxiT sxvadasxva<br />
garemoebebSi, rogoricaa maTi sakuTari ojaxebi, skolebi, policiis<br />
ganyofilebebi da penitenciuri dawesebulebebi. upirveles yovlisa,<br />
oficialuri akrZalvis miuxedavad, fizikuri dasja skolebSi jer kidev<br />
gamoiyeneba. meorec, ar arsebobs sakuTar ojaxebSi <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
mdgomareobis monitoringis saTanado meqanizmi. axlaxans miRebuli<br />
kanoni ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb, romlis mizania ojaxuri da <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
mimarT gamoyenebuli Zaladobis sakiTxebis mowesri<strong>ge</strong>ba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />
jer praqtikulad ar xorcieldeba 8 . sabolood, saqarTvelos sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsSi mocemulia debuleba, romelic kanondamrRvev<br />
bavSvebs icavs wamebisa da Zaladobisagan. Tumca, masSi ar aris mocemuli<br />
is debulebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofda Zaladobisagan bavSvebis srul<br />
8<br />
damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 7.4 <strong>bavSvis</strong> mimarT Zaladoba da<br />
ugulvebelyofa.<br />
19
dacvas. kerZod, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi ar aris<br />
mocemuli Semdegi kategoriebi: 1) pirveladi cxovrebiseuli saWiroebebi<br />
arasrulwlovanTaTvis, rac <strong>bavSvis</strong> sikvdils iwvevs, mag. samedicino<br />
daxmarebis an iseTi aucilebeli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis<br />
nakleboba, rogoricaa kveba da TavSesafari; 2) <strong>bavSvis</strong> ugulebelyofa,<br />
rasac avadmyofoba, kvebis darRveva da emociuri travma mohyveba imis<br />
gamo, rom ar dakmayofilda sicocxlisaTvis saWiro aucileblobebi.<br />
amas garda, saWiroa arsebobdes efeqturi angariS<strong>ge</strong>bis, gamoZiebisa da<br />
devnis sistemebi, momsaxurebebi da procedurebi, raTa uzrunvelyofil<br />
iqnas saCivrebis miReba, rasac mohyveba swrafi da efeqturi gamoZieba.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss zurgs <strong>bavSvis</strong> movlisa da<br />
dacvis standartebi unda umagrebdes, romelsac efeqturad unda<br />
axorcielebdnen Sesabamisi uwyebebi im bavSvebis WeSmariti interesebis<br />
dasacavad, romlebic wamebisa da Zaladobis msxerplni gaxdnen. ufro<br />
metic, unda ganxorcieldes momsaxurebebi, romlebic bavSvebs icaven da<br />
uzrunvelyofen maT mudmiv movlasa da zrunvas. Tu yvela es komponenti<br />
ar iqna Sesrulebuli, funqciurad da adeqvaturad dafinansebuli,<br />
kanonmdebloba ver daicavs bavSvebs arahumanuri mopyrobisa an/da<br />
dasjisagan.<br />
7. ojaxuri garemo da alternatiuli zrunva<br />
7.1 alternatiuli momsaxurebebi mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebuli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis (muxli20)<br />
saxelmwifos mier momzadebuli meore perioduli angariSis sapasuxod<br />
momzadebul „daskvniT SeniSvnebSi‟ komiteti gamoxatavs wuxils<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebebSi bavSvebis cxovrebis arasaTanado<br />
standartebis Sesaxeb, aseve im faqtis gamo, rom mTavroba aRniSnuli<br />
instituciebisaTvis saTanado dafinansebas ar gamohyofs. am kuTxiT<br />
aranairi progresi ar aris miRweuli. dawesebulebebSi bavSvTa<br />
cxovrebis standarti jer kidev savalaloa. mTavrobis mier<br />
ganxorcielebul bavSvTa keTildReobis sistemis reformis dRis<br />
wesrigSi umTavres prioritets bavSvTa deinstitucionalizacia<br />
warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. deinstitucionalizaciis reforma iTvaliswinebs ojaxis<br />
rRvevis prevencias, bavSvTa reintegracias biologiur ojaxebSi,<br />
alternatiuli movlis uzrunvelyofasa da gadaudebeli daxmarebis<br />
programebis miwodebas mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebuli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo sakmaod aqtiurad aris CarTuli<br />
mSobelTa mzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebis Tavis sakuTar Temsa da<br />
ojaxTan reintegraciis procesSi, dawesebulebebSi jer kidev 5,000<br />
bavSvi imyofeba. statistikis Tanaxmad, romelic mogvawoda<br />
„evrokavSiris bavSvTa keTildReobis reformis xelSewyobis proeqtma‟<br />
(e. nacvliSvili, 2006), amJamad xorcieldeba 7,566 socialurad daucveli<br />
20
avSvis uzrunvelyofa sxvadasxva saxis saxelmwifo, ojaxis damxmare an<br />
ojaxuri zrunvis Camnacvlebeli momsaxurebiT. aseve statistikis<br />
Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli bavSvebis 66% cxovrobs rezidentul saxelmwifo<br />
samzrunvelo dawesebulebebSi (5,000 bavSvi), 3% uzrunvelyofilia`quCis<br />
bavSvebisaTvis~ gaTvaliswinebuli momsaxurebiT‟ an ganTavsebulia<br />
TavSesafarSi (205 bavSvi); xolo bavSvebis danarCeni 31%-dan zogma miiRo<br />
Temze da ojaxur garemoze dafuZnebuli ojaxis mxardamWeri<br />
momsaxureobebi (mcire saojaxo tipis saxlebi, Svilobiloba, dRis<br />
ganmavlobaSi gaweuli zrunva da sxv.), zogi ki reintegrirebul iqna<br />
TavianT biologiur ojaxebTan (2,357).<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebebSi arsebuli pirobebi bavSvebisaTvis Zalze<br />
Sorsaa adeqvaturisagan, <strong>bavSvis</strong> movlis da maTi Zaladobisgan dacvis,<br />
aseve sacxovrebeli pirobebis, kvebis, higienis, jandacvisa da<br />
saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis standartebis TvalsazrisiT. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT exeba fizikurad an gonebrivad unarSezRuduli bavSvebis<br />
movlas (iunisefi da saqarTvelos bavSvebi, 2007). amas garda,<br />
instituciebis daxurvis da<strong>ge</strong>gmva da bavSvebis gadayvana alternatiuli<br />
mzrunvelobis qveS (mag. Svilobiloba, mcire saojaxo tipis saxlebi an<br />
sxva instituciebi) an usistemoa, an ar arsebobs. es procesi moiTxovs<br />
koordinirebul da efeqtur midgomas raTa moxdes bavSvebis momzadeba,<br />
gadayvana da ojaxebis monitoringi mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
amgvarad, bavSvebi, romelTac ar SesTavazes sazogadoebaze dafuZnebuli<br />
alternatiuli movla, jer kidev Zalian mZime pirobebSi cxovroben<br />
instituciebSi da ar arian CarTulni mTavrobis mier ganxorcielebul<br />
mimdinare deinstitucionalizaciis programaSi. <strong>ge</strong>gmebis araefeqturad<br />
SemuSavebam da momsaxurebis arakoordinirebulad miwodebam SeiZleba<br />
Sedegad moitanos is, rom bevri bavSvi savaraudod Zaladobis,<br />
ugulebelyofisa da kriminaluri gavlenis qveS moeqceva, aseve<br />
gaizrdeba maTi usaxlkarod darCenis, an gadarCenis mizniT<br />
prostituciasa Tu kriminalur saqmianobebSi Cabmis riski.<br />
mTavrobas zogadad gaaCnia valdbeuleba, rom Camoayalibos<br />
`<strong>ge</strong>iTqifingis~ sistema, raTa dablokos bavSvebis Sesvla rezidentuli<br />
mzrunvelobis dawesebulebebSi da uzrunvelyos pirobebi<br />
instituciebidan bavSvebis advilad gamosvlisaTvis.<br />
deinstucionalizaciis procesi TandaTanobiT viTardeba da bavSvebis<br />
ojaxebsa da sazogadoebasTan sruli integraciis miznis miRwevas sul<br />
mcire ramdenime weli dasWirdeba. analizma gamoavlina, rom bavSvebis<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebebSi moxvedris maCvenebeli 34 procentiT<br />
naklebia iseT adgilebSi, sadac ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros<br />
socialuri samuSaos samsaxurebia Camoyalibebuli. Tumca, im sferoebSi,<br />
sadac socialuri samsaxuris servisebi ar arsebobs, instituciebSi<br />
bavSvebis moxvedris yovelwliuri klebis maCvenebeli 13 procents<br />
utoldeba (nacvliSvili, 2007).<br />
mTavrobam jer kidev ver SesZlo yvela <strong>bavSvis</strong> gamoyvana<br />
instituciebidan da alternatiuli movla bavSvebis mxolod mcire<br />
raodenobisaTvis iqna SeTavazebuli. amgvarad, aucilebelia<br />
21
instituciebSi myofi bavSvebisaTvis moxdes ukeTesi piroebebis<br />
SeTavazeba rac sakmaod did resursebs moiTxovs, xolo mTavrobisaTvis<br />
amgvari xarji naklebad gamarTlebulia. mwiri resursebis sakiTxis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, ris winaSec mTavroba jer kidev dgas, samoqalaqo<br />
sazogadoebis organizaciebisaTvis rTulia daJinebiT moiTxovon<br />
resursebis gamoyofa instituciebis kapitaluri remontisaTvis da iq<br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
komiteti aseve gamoxatavs SeSfoTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom im upirveles<br />
mizezebs Soris, rac ojaxebis dacilebasa da bavSvTa<br />
institucionalizacias iwvevs, ekonomikuri siduxWire dominirebs. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT exeba im bavSvebs, romlebic specialur zrunvas<br />
moiTxoven. rogorc Tvisebrivi, aseve raodenobiTi kvleva aCvenebs, rom<br />
dawesebulebebSi myof bavSvebs sul mcire erTi biologiuri mSobeli<br />
hyavT da maTi institucionalizaciis yvelaze gavrcelebuli mizezi am<br />
ojaxebis ukiduresi siRaribea (nacvliSvili, 2007). aRniSnul bavSvebs<br />
zogjer „socialur oblebs‟ uwodeben. mTavrobam gaacnobiera is faqti,<br />
rom siRaribe ojaxebis rRvevis yvelaze didi mizezia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
2002 wlidan, ojaxebis rRvevis Tavidan acilebis da bavSvebis<br />
biologiur ojaxebTan reintegraciis uzrunvelsayofad saxelmwifom<br />
daiwyo sazogadoebis daxmarebis programa, rac moicavs rogorc<br />
ojaxebis daxmarebis samsaxurs, aseve droebiT materialur daxmarebas<br />
socialurad daucveli darRveuli an ukiduresi siRaribis gamo am<br />
riskis winaSe mdgari ojaxebisaTvis.<br />
saxelmwifos mier 2003 wels ward<strong>ge</strong>nili meore perioduli angariSis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, komiteti wevr saxelmwifos sTavazobs Semdeg<br />
rekomendaciebs:<br />
ojaxebis daxmarebis gaZliereba, raTa Tavidan iqnas acilebuli<br />
ojaxebis rRveva da uzrunvelyofil iqnas ojaxebis gaerTianeba<br />
bavSvze da ojaxze orientirebuli erTiani politikis meSveobiT.<br />
rogorc zemoT iqna aRniSnuli, 2002 wels mTavrobam SeimuSava<br />
ojaxebis daxmarebis programebi da daiwyo fuladi daxmarebis<br />
gacema; Tumca, fuladi daxmareba droebiTia da sakmarisi ar aris<br />
imisaTvis, rom mSoblebma TavianT saxlebSi SeZlon bavSvebis<br />
movla. bavSvze da ojaxze orientirebuli politikis SemuSaveba<br />
Cadebulia mTavrobis politikur dRis wesrigSi. CAP-is 2008-2011<br />
ww samuSao varianti socialuri politikis SemuSavebas<br />
iTvaliswinebs, romelic konkretulad saqarTvelos<br />
socialurad daucvel bavSvebsa da ojaxebzea mimarTuli. CAP-is<br />
mTavari mizania mxari dauWiros im programebs, romlebic<br />
aumjobeseben socialurad daucveli bavSvebis xelmisawvdomobas<br />
elementarul socialur momsaxurebaze, rac xels Seuwyobs<br />
bavSvebis dadebiT fsiqosocialur ganviTarebas.<br />
socialuri daxmarebis gaumjobeseba, aseve <strong>bavSvis</strong>a da mSoblis<br />
dadebiTi urTierTobebis mxardaWera ojaxebisaTvis Sesabamisi<br />
codnis gaziarbisa da maTTvis sxva saxis daxmarebis programebis<br />
22
SeTavazebiT: 2006 wels miRebuli kanoni socialuri daxmarebis<br />
Sesaxeb naTlad gansazRvravs oblebsa da mSobelTa<br />
mzrunvelobamoklebul bavSvebs rogorc <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
socialurad yvelaze daucvel jgufs, romelsac saxelmwifos<br />
mxridan gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da dacva sWirdeba. kanonSi<br />
yvelaze did kritikas imsaxurebs is, rom igi ukiduresad viwroa<br />
samizne jgufebis gansazRvris kuTxiT da amgvarad ar moicavs<br />
mosar<strong>ge</strong>bleTa garkveul kategoriebs, romlebsac kanonSi<br />
mocemul sar<strong>ge</strong>belze xeli unda miuwvdebodes (niumeni, 2007).<br />
droebiTi sajaro daxmarebis programa ar aris sakmarisi<br />
rRvevis safrTxis winaSe mdgari an ukve gaxleCili gaWirvebuli<br />
ojaxebisaTvis, rom maT bavSvebis mimarT minimaluri<br />
mzrunveloba ganaxorcielon; amgvarad, programa ojaxebisaTvis<br />
gaerTianebis stimuls ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns. ojaxuri daxmarebis<br />
momsaxurebebi arastruqturizebulia da ZiriTadad maTi<br />
miwodeba xdeba spontanurad ufro metad mesame seqtoris, da ara<br />
saxelmwifos mier. miuxedavad imisa, rom <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> udidesi<br />
saWiroeba arsebobs mSoblebis unarebis gaumjobesebisaTvis,<br />
saxelmwifo ar axorcielebs saganmanaTleblo da sazogadoebis<br />
cnobierebis asamaRlebel programebs, romlebic mimarTuli<br />
iqneboda uSualod <strong>bavSvis</strong>a da mSoblebis dadebiTi<br />
urTierTobebis mxardasaWerad.<br />
miRebuli zomebis gaZliereba bavSvTa mitovebis Semcirebisa da<br />
ojaxebis rRvevis prevenciis mizniT, rogoricaa strategiebisa<br />
da cnobierebis asamaRlebeli RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba:<br />
mTavrobam SeimuSava sagan<strong>ge</strong>bo mxardaWerisa da fuladi<br />
daxmarebis programebi ojaxebis rRvevis prevenciisaTvis.<br />
droebiTi finansuri daxmareba ar aris sakmarisi imisaTvis, rom<br />
ojaxebma SesZlon TavianT biologiur Svilebze zrunva da<br />
amgvarad es raime saxis arsebiT Sedegs ar gamoiRebs.<br />
SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebis mitovebis, maTi<br />
sajaro skolebSi CarTvisa da sazogadoebaSi integraciis<br />
kuTxiT arsebul mdgomareobaze mimarTuli strategiebis<br />
gaTvaliswineba: miuxedavad imisa, rom mTavrobam gamoxata<br />
Tavisi valdebuleba, rom uzrunvelyos inkluziuri ganaTleba<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebisaTvis, amgvari bavSvebis mitovebis<br />
maCvenebeli jer kidev Zalian maRalia. bevri samSobiaro da<br />
pediatriuli dawesebuleba aqtiurad uWerda mxars mSoblebis<br />
mier unarSezRuduli bavSvebis saxelmwifo rezidentul<br />
dawesebulebaSi datovebas. es amgvar bavSvs arTmevs ojaxur<br />
garemos da mSoblebis mzrunvelobas da amavdroulad<br />
yovelgvari saWiroebis gareSe zrunvis mTels tvirTs<br />
saxelmwifos akisrebs. unarSezRuduli bavSvebis ojaxebSi<br />
darCenis uzrunvelyofa ufro metad rogorc <strong>bavSvis</strong>, aseve<br />
saxelmwifos interesebSia. ukiduresad mniSvnelovania finansuri<br />
da praqtikuli daxmarebis uzrunvelyofa unarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebis ojaxebisaTvis, raTa bavSvebis mitoveba Tavidan iqnas<br />
23
acilebuli. saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos, rom SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi cxovrobnen TavianT ojaxebTan<br />
da CarTulni iyvnen adgilobriv saganmanaTleblo<br />
momsaxurebaSi.<br />
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis ojaxebSi<br />
SenarCunebisaTvis saxelmwifom unda SeimuSaos daxmarebis<br />
programebi im ojaxebisaTvis, sadac unarSezRuduli bavSvebi<br />
imyofebian. unarSezRuduli bavSvebis SenarCuneba mSoblebis<br />
mier ufro gaizrdeba, Tu xelmisawvdomi iqneba daxmarebis<br />
programebi, rac moicavs droebiT mzrunvelobas, profesiuli<br />
daxmarebis momsaxurebas, aRWurvilobasa da adaptirebul<br />
garemos, rogoricaa siarulis dros dasayrdeni CarCoebi,<br />
etlebi, pandusebi da adeqvaturi treningi im ojaxebisaTvis,<br />
sadac unarSezRuduli bavSvebi izrdebian. aseve saWiroa, rom<br />
mTavrobam uzrunvelyos ufaso xelmisawvdomoba qirurgiul<br />
mkurnalobaze im bavSvebisaTvis, romelTa unarSezRuduloba<br />
SeiZleba SedarebiT advilad ganikurnos samedicino Carevis<br />
Sedegad, rogoricaa mglis xaxa da mcire fizikuri deformaciebi<br />
umetes SemTxvevaSi, adreuli koreqciuli qirurgiuli Carevis<br />
ararsebobam, rac uzrunvelyofda unarSezRudulobis raRac<br />
nawilis gamosworebas, saboloo jamSi bavSvTa mitoveba<br />
gamoiwvia. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifo qirurgiuli da sxva<br />
saxis samedicino intervenciebis xarjebi minimaluria<br />
instituciaSi myof bavSvebze mravalwliani zrunvis xarjebTan<br />
SedarebiT, mravali <strong>bavSvis</strong> mkurnalobaze xSirad uTqvamT uari<br />
da nacvlad mkurnalobisa isini ganTavsebulan saxelmwifo<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebaSi.<br />
adeqvaturi resursebis uzrunvelyofa „Svilobilobis Sesaxeb‟<br />
kanonis efeqturi ganxorcielebisaTvis da zomebis miReba<br />
naTesaobrivi Svilobilobis regulirebisaTvis, bavSvTa<br />
WeSmariti interesebsi uzrunvelsayofad: ukve gadaidga<br />
mniSvnelovani nabijebi mSobelTa mzrunvelobamoklebuli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis alternatiuli, ojaxur garemoze dafuZnebuli<br />
momsaxurebis miwodebis TvalsazrisiT, rogoricaa Svilobiloba<br />
da bavSvebis mcire saojaxo tipis saxlebSi ganTavseba. donori<br />
organizaciebis daxmarebiT saxelmwifom <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
Svilobilobis sistema SeimuSava. bavSvebisaTvis alternatiuli<br />
mzrunvelobis uzrunvelyofas saqarTvelos mTavrobis<br />
politikur dRis wesrigSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs.<br />
ufro metic, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis<br />
saministros ganzraxuli aqvs gazardos mSobelTa<br />
mzrunvelobamoklebuli bavSvebisaTvis alternatiuli, ojaxur<br />
garemoze dafuZnebuli samzrunvelo momsaxurebebis dafinanseba .<br />
deinstitucionalizaciiis programis gaZliereba da<br />
intensiurobis gazrda; rezidentul dawesebulebebSi arsebuli<br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobeseba da bavSvebis yofnis<br />
24
periodis maqsimalurad Semcireba, aseve maTi uzrunvelyofa<br />
adeqvaturi jandacvis momsaxurebiT ganaTlebiTa da sakvebiT,:<br />
deinstitucionalizaciis programis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong><br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> sakmaod warmatebuli gaxldaT. jer kidev<br />
mniSvnelovnad unda gaumjobesdes ojaxur garemoze dafuZnebuli<br />
alternatiuli momsaxurebebis miwodeba mSobelTa<br />
mzrunvelobamoklebuli bavSvebisaTvis, rogoricaa<br />
Svilobilobis moklevadiani momsaxurebis SemuSaveba, aseve<br />
prevenciuli samsaxurebis ganviTareba, rac mdgomareobs<br />
socialurad daucveli bavSvebisaTvis dRis momsaxurebis<br />
uzrunvelyofasa da rRvevis riskis winaSe mdgari ojaxebisaTvis<br />
ufro meti fuladi daxmarebis miwodebaSi. sacxovrebeli<br />
pirobebi rezidentul dawesebulebaSi jer kidev Zalian mZimea.<br />
sakvebis, jandacvisa da saganmanaTleblo momsaxurebis miwodeba<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebaSi myofi bavSvebisaTvis wlebis<br />
ganmvlobaSi ar gaumjobesebula. saxelmwifos ubralod ar<br />
gaaCnia sakmarisi resursebi rezidentul dawesebulebebSi<br />
sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebisaTvis.<br />
7.2 ganTavsebis perioduli ganxilva (muxli 25)<br />
komitetis gansjis sagania aseve bavSvTa samzrunvelo dawesebulebebSi<br />
bavSvTa ganTavsebis perioduli ganxilvisaTvis Sesabamisi<br />
sakanonmdeblo CarCoebis ararseboba da iZleva rekomendacias, rom<br />
saxelmwifom Camoayalibos standartebis kodeqsi, aseve bavSvTa<br />
samzrunvelo dawesebulebebSi bavSvTa ganTavsebis perioduli ganxilvis<br />
sistema. ganTavsebis regularuli monitoringi, ganxilva da<br />
instituciuri Semowmeba aucilebelia bavSvTa keTildReobis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad instituciebSi. SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone<br />
bavSvebi, romelTac SeiZleba ar hqondeT arasaTanado movlis, maT<br />
Soris Zaladobisa da ugulebelyofis Sesaxeb gancxadebis gakeTebis<br />
unari, saxelmwifosagan specialur dacvas moiTxovs. amis uzrunvelyofa<br />
SesaZlebeli iqneba adeqvaturi ganTavsebis ganxilviT, rasac<br />
periodulad Seasrulebs am sferoSi momuSave socialuri muSaki.<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobas gacnobierebuli aqvs ganTavsebis ganxilvis<br />
sistemis Camoyalibebis saWiroeba, romelic uzrunvelyofs ganTavsebis<br />
procesis sistemur da normalur mimdinareobas. 2006 wlis dekemberSi<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeimuSava bavSvze zrunvis standartebi, romlis<br />
mixedviTac socialur muSakebs gaaCniaT instituciaSi moTavsebuli an<br />
alternatiuli mzrunvelobis qveS myofi bavSvebis mdgomareobis<br />
perioduli ganxilvis Sesrulebis uflebamosileba. kerZod, socialur<br />
muSakebi sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben uflebamosilebiT ganaxorcielon regularulad<br />
vizitebi da rezidentul da alternatiul mzrunvelobaSi myofi bavSvebis<br />
situaciis monitoringi. bavSvze zrunvis standartebi jer srulad ar<br />
xorcieldeba, magram misi pilotireba moxda rogorc ramdenime<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebaSi, aseve ojaxur garemoze dafuZnebul<br />
alternatiul servisebSi mTeli qveynis masStabiT. etapobrivad, bavSvze<br />
25
zrunvis srtandartebis monitoringi eqskluziurad ganxorcieldeba<br />
socialuri muSakebis mier mTeli qveynis masStabiT arsebul bavSvTa<br />
yvela samzrunvelo dawesebulebaSi.<br />
7.3 qveynis SigniT da qveynis gareT gaSvileba (muxli 21)<br />
komiteti gamoTqvams SeSfoTebas qveynis Sida da gare gaSvilebis<br />
adeqvaturi monitoringis procedurebis ararsebobis gamo. miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom es bolomde warmatebuli ar yofila, iyo garkveuli<br />
Zalisxmeva qveynis gareT bavSvebis gaSvilebis Sesamcireblad. meores<br />
mxriv, Svilobilobis sistemis ganviTarebasTan erTad qveynis SigniT<br />
gaSvileba ufro garTulda. Sesabamisad, Sida gaSvilebis SemTxvevebi<br />
mniSvnelovnad Semcirda.<br />
kanoni Svilad ayvanis Sesaxeb Zalian kompleqsuria da saxelmwifos ar<br />
aqvs Svilad ayvanis regulaciebis ganaxorcielebis sakmarisi<br />
SesaZlebloba. Tumca, amJamad mimdinareobs kanonmdeblobis gadasinjva.<br />
saqarTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebas imedi aqvs, rom saqarTvelos<br />
mTavroba sabolood miiRebs <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> konvenciasa da sxva<br />
saerTaSoriso standartebTan srul SesabamisobaSi moyvanil kanons<br />
qveynis SigniT da mis farglebs gareT <strong>bavSvis</strong> gaSvilebis Sesaxeb da<br />
moaxdens mis praqtikul <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s.<br />
7.4 <strong>bavSvis</strong> mimarT Zaladoba da ugulebelyofa (muxli 19) 9<br />
ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso kvlevam aCvena, rom ojaxuri<br />
Zaladobis mxverpli yvelaze xSirad qalebi da bavSvebi xdebian.<br />
rogorc raodenobrivi, aseve xarisxobrivi kvleva aCvenebs, rom<br />
Zaladoba Zalian gavrcelebulia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. sxvadasxva angariSebis<br />
mixedviT ojaxur Zaladobas <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> adgili aqvs ojaxebis 5-31%<br />
(minesotas advokatebi adamianis uflebebisaTvis da politikis<br />
Semswavleli instituti, 2006). Tumca, uSualod ojaxuri Zaladobis<br />
masStabi gacilebiT ufro didia. qalebi xSirad Tavs ikaveben ojaxuri<br />
Zaladobis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis gakeTebisagan. qalebze<br />
fizikuri da emociuri Zaladoba bavSvebze fizikuri da emociuri<br />
Zaladobis sinonimuria. ojaxuri Zaladoba SeiZleba aseve<br />
sazogadoebaSi Zaladobis xelis Semwyobi faqtori gaxdes. es<br />
gansakuTrebiT exeba mozardebsa da axalgazrdebs, romlebic Zaladobas<br />
ojaxebSi, skolaSi Tu quCaSi uyureben. bolo periodSi dramatulad<br />
gaizarda Zaladoba skolebSi, romelsac Sedegad bavSvebis<br />
sikvdilianoba moyveba,<br />
9 ufro detaluri informaciisaTvis <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> 19-e muxlis Sesaxeb<br />
ixileT gaeros bavSvTa <strong>uflebaTa</strong> komitetisaTvis OMCT, PHMDF, HRIDC-s mier 2007<br />
wels momzadebuli alternatiuli angariSi.<br />
26
komitetma gamoTqva SeSfoTeba bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobisa da<br />
ugulebelyofis SemTxvevebis matebasTan dakavSirebiT. bavSvebis mimarT<br />
Zaladobisa da ugulebelyofis SemTxvevebi, rogorc ojaxSi, aseve sxva<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebebSi SedarebiT naklebad gamokvleuli<br />
problemebia. bavSvebze fizikuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb informacia an<br />
saerTod ar arsebobs, an Zalian mwiria, xolo informacia<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb saerTod ar<br />
arsebobs. iunisefis egidiT wiTeli jvris mier <strong>bavSvis</strong> mimarT<br />
Zaladobisa da ugulebelyofis kvlevam gamoavlina, rom gamokiTxuli<br />
bavSvebis 60.8% (sul gamokiTxulia 4,385 bavSvi) gamoucdia arafizikuri<br />
saxis, verbaluri Zaladoba, xolo 39.2% gamocdili aqvs fizikuri<br />
Zaladobac. kvleva aseve exeboda bavSvebis ugulebelyofas ojaxebSi da<br />
gamovlinda, rom "mSoblebis dakavebuloba samsaxurSi" da "ojaxis mZime<br />
ekonomikuri mdgomareoba" ugulebelyofis yvelaze xSiri mizezia.<br />
seqsualuri Zaladobis TvalsazrisiT, gamokiTxul bavSvTa naxevarze<br />
metma aRniSna, rom maTTvis mouyoliaT seqsualuri xasiaTis anekdotebs,<br />
xolo 20%-ze metma aRniSna, rom maTTvis uCvenebiaT erotikuli filmebi<br />
da suraTebi. kulturuli tabu, romelic seqsualuri Zaladobis<br />
gamxelasTan aris dakavSirebuli, xels uSlis dazaralebulebis mier am<br />
SemTxvevebis Setyobinebas. sakmaod xSiria bavSvze Zaladoba<br />
rezidentul dawesebulebebSi. arasamTavrobo organizacia "bavSvi da<br />
garemos" mier Seiqmna bavSvze mzrunvelobis dawesebulebebis kvleva,<br />
romlidanac Cans, rom TanamSromlebs ar gaaCniaT saWiro kvalifikacia<br />
bavSvebze adeqvaturi mzrunvelobisaTvis (minesotas advokatebi<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis da politikis Semswavleli instituti, 2006).<br />
komiteti problemad miiCnevs, rom ojaxur garemoSi fizikuri dasja ar<br />
aris akrZaluli <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>. am problemasTan dakavSirebiT ar<br />
yofila raime Careva saxelmwifos mxridan. adgilobrivi konteqstidan<br />
gamomdinare fizikuri dasja miCneulia rogorc dasaSvebi zoma bavSvebis<br />
disciplinirebisaTvis. doqtor selim iltusis mier 2005 wels<br />
Catarebuli bavSvTa adreuli ganviTarebisa da skolamdeli ganaTlebis<br />
kvleva ganixilavs <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebul bavSvTa adreuli asakis<br />
gamocdilebas, maT Soris <strong>bavSvis</strong> disciplinirebis meTodebs. kvlevis<br />
dros aRmoCnda, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong> aRzrda da disciplinireba ZiriTadad<br />
dedis movaleobad iTvleba (75%) da rom cema <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
disciplinirebis yvelaze metad gavrcelebul formas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
(minesotas advokatebi adamianis uflebebisaTvis da politikis<br />
Semswavleli instituti, 2006).<br />
komiteti rekomendacias aZlevs saxelmwifos gaaZlieros Tavisi<br />
Zalisxmeva da Camoayalibos strategia ojaxuri da sxva saxis<br />
Zaladobis, maT Soris skolaSi arsebuli Zaladobis prevenciisa da<br />
aRmofxvrisaTvis. saqarTvelos mTavrobam mniSvnelovani nabiji gadadga<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> ojaxuri Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad. 2006 wlis maisSi<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobam miiRo kanoni ojaxuri Zaladobis aRmofxvris,<br />
msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb. es kanoni mTavrobas<br />
avaldebulebs miiRos prevenciuli zomebi saministroebTan,<br />
sasamarTloebTan, prokurorebsa da sxva partniorebTan erTad. kanoni<br />
27
savaldebulos xdis administraciuli, kriminaluri da samoqalaqo<br />
sanqciebis gamoyenebas da Semoaqvs axali zomebi: damcveli orderi da<br />
SemzRudavi orderi, romelsac sasamarTlo gamoscems. kanoni aseve<br />
avaldebulebs policias moaxdinos dauyovneblivi reagireba da<br />
uzrunvelyos msxverplis dacva. kanoni aseve moiTxovs TavSesafarisa da<br />
socialuri momsaxurebis Seqmnas da avaldebulebs mTavrobas<br />
Camoayalibos samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma kanonSi mocemuli zomebis gasatareblad.<br />
(minesotas advokatebi adamianis uflebebisaTvis da politikis<br />
Semswavleli instituti, 2006).<br />
mTavrobis samuSao jgufma da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebma Camoayalibes samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma, romelic<br />
oficialurad 2007 wlis 30 ivliss iqna miRebuli. samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis<br />
yvelaze mTavari sisustea is, rom mas ar aqvs detaluri miznebi,<br />
gazomvadi amocanebi da monitoringis indikatorebi. dafinansebis<br />
direqtivebi ar aris naTlad gansazRvruli da ar arsebobs erovnuli<br />
referirebis sistema ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTaTvis. ojaxuri<br />
Zaladobis aRmofxvraze momuSaveebi aRniSnaven, rom samTavrobo<br />
resursebis nakleboba ojaxuri Zaladobis problemis mosagvareblad<br />
miuTiTebs politikuri nebis ararsebobaze (minesotas advokatebi<br />
adamianis uflebebisaTvis da politikis Semswavleli instituti, 2006).<br />
ojaxuri Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli organizaciebi problemurad<br />
miiCneven kanonSi mocemul garkveul xarvezebs. magaliTad, am<br />
organizaciebis azriT kanoni ar iTvaliswinebs <strong>bavSvis</strong> WeSmarit<br />
interesebs da sakmarisad ar icavs <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebs. magaliTad, kanonSi<br />
ar aris raime regulacia, romelic <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganTavsebis sakiTxs<br />
moawesri<strong>ge</strong>bda, Tu orive mSobeli moZaladea, an Tu erTi mSobelia<br />
moZalade, xolo meore sazRvargareT cxovrobs. kidev erTi<br />
mniSvnelovani problemaa is, rom am kanonis praqtikaSi gatarebis<br />
sakiTxi jer kidev Senelebulia. jer ar Camoyalibebula kanoniT<br />
gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri samsaxuri an TavSesafari. da bolos,<br />
mocemuli kanonmdebloba ar icavs ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTa –<br />
qalebisa da bavSvebis qonebriv uflebebs.<br />
zogadad, sakanonmdeblo sistemas aqvs potenciali moawesrigos bavSvTa<br />
mimarT Zaladobis problema <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, gansakuTrebiT ki sisxlis<br />
samarTlis kodeqsis, samoqalaqo kodeqsisa da ojaxuri Zaladobis<br />
Sesaxeb kanonis meSveobiT. Tumca, mocemul kanonebSi arsebuli<br />
Sesabamisi Sinaarsis mqone muxlebi praqtikaSi jer kidev ar<br />
xorcieldeba. aseve problemuria policiis SesaZleblobebi, vinaidan<br />
maT ar CatarebiaT raime treningi bavSvze fizikuri Tu seqsualuri<br />
Zaladobis gamoZiebis kuTxiT. sasamarTloebSi ar ganxilula bavSvze<br />
Zaladobis raime SemTxveva. da bolos, ar arsebobs raime adeqvaturi<br />
savaldebulo angariS<strong>ge</strong>bis sistema da Sesabamisad ar xdeba bavSvebisa da<br />
maTi ojaxebis mdgomareobis monitoringi.<br />
28
8. bazisuri jandacva da keTildReoba<br />
8.1 unarSezRuduli bavSvebi (muxli 23)<br />
komiteti miesalmeba im reformebs, romelic unarSezRuduli bavSvebis<br />
kuTxiT mimdinareobs da aRniSnavs, rom socialuri daxmareba, romelic<br />
gankuTvnilia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis<br />
ojaxebisaTvis, mxolod 16 wlamde bavSvebs ekuTvniT. fuladi daxmareba,<br />
romelsac formalurad ojaxis daxmareba ewodeba, axla gankuTvnilia 0-<br />
18 wlis asakis bavSvebisaTvis. Tumca, aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom ojaxis<br />
daxmareba Zalian mwiria – TveSi 22 lari (daaxloebiT 13 a.S.S. dolari).<br />
Semdegi wlidan es daxmareba uqmdeba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone<br />
bavSvebs aseve ekuTvniT saxelmwifo pensia, romelic 38 lars<br />
(daaxloebiT 23 a.S.S dolars) Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. is SezRuduli fuladi daxmareba,<br />
romelsac saxelmwifo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebs uwevs,<br />
ar aris sakmarisi maTi minimaluri saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.<br />
saWiroa iseTi arafuladi saxis daxmarebis programebis Camoyalibeba,<br />
rogoricaa mSobelTa mxardaWeris jgufebi, raTa ar moxdes SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis instituciebSi Sedineba. 10<br />
socialuri daxmarebis programa arsebobs im ojaxebisTvisac, romlebic<br />
siRaribis zRvars qvemoT imyofebian. aRniSnuli programa Rarib ojaxebs<br />
uzrunvelyofs fuladi daxmarebiT da SeRavaTebiT komunalur<br />
gadasaxadebze. es aris programa, romelic mimarTulia yvelaze Raribi<br />
da socialurad daucveli mosaxleobisaken, Tumca masSi bevri<br />
socialurad daucveli bavSvi da misi ojaxi ver moxvda. amis mizezi ki is<br />
gaxda, rom programa siRaribis Sefasebis Zalian mkacr kriteriumebs<br />
efuZneboda. garda amisa, bevri ojaxi ver moxvda programaSi, vinaidan<br />
maT Sesabamisi dokumentebi ar hqondaT an ubralod ar icodnen am<br />
fuladi daxmarebis Sesaxeb. 11<br />
komiteti aseve aRniSnavs, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone<br />
bavSvebi jer kidev ar arian sakmarisad CarTulebi saganmanaTleblo<br />
dawesebulebebSi da gariyulebi arian sazogadoebidan. amgvarad,<br />
komiteti rekomendacias uwevs saxelmwifos gaagrZelos misi Zalisxmeva,<br />
konkretulad ki:<br />
- gadasinjos arsebuli politika da praqtika SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis kuTxiT, SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis Tanabari uflebebis standartuli<br />
wesebisa (<strong>ge</strong>neraluri asambleis rezolucia 48/96) da<br />
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>ge</strong>neraluri ganxilvis dRes miRebuli komitetis<br />
10 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis gTxovT ixileT nawili 6.1: mSoblis mzrunvelobas<br />
moklebuli bavSvebis alternatiuli momsaxureba (muxli 20)<br />
11 iqve<br />
29
ekomendaciebis gaTvaliswinebiT: kanonmdeblobaSi SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis uflebebis Sesaxeb jer<br />
kidev bevri xarvezia da seriozul gadaxedvas saWiroebs.<br />
bavSvebze mzrunvelobis sakiTxs saqarTvelos ramdenime<br />
saxelmwifo organo inawilebs da miuxedavad amisa, SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi yuradRebis naklebobas jer<br />
kidev ganicdian. ar arsebobs raime erTiani politika, romelic<br />
mimarTuli iqneba aseTi bavSvebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebis<br />
dacvisaken. saxelmwifos strategiuli xedva SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebisadmi Zalian sustia. amgvarad,<br />
saxelmwifo ver axerxebs Seqmnas Tanabari saganmanaTleblo da<br />
sxva SesaZleblobebi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis<br />
bavSvebisaTvis, rac xels uwyobs maT marginalizacias da<br />
gariyvas sazogadoebidan.<br />
- saWiroa ufro meti Zalisxmeva profesionali (mag,<br />
unarSezRudulobis specialistebis) da finansuri resursebis<br />
Sesaqmnelad, gansakuTrebiT ki adgilobriv doneze; saTemo<br />
sareabilitacio programebis xelSewyoba da gaZliereba, maT<br />
Soris mSoblebis mxardamWeri jgufebis Camoyalibeba: jer<br />
kidev saxeze gvaqvs adgilobrivi mTavrobisa da Temis pasiuri<br />
monawileoba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebis<br />
saWiroebebis mogvarebis TvalsazrisiT. adgilobriv mTavrobas<br />
ar gaaCnia finansuri da adamianuri resursebi am<br />
bavSvebisaTvis Sesabamisi momsaxurebis gasawevad. saTemo<br />
sareabilitacio programebi da mSobelTa mxardamWeri jgufebi<br />
jer kidev Zalian iSviaTia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
- sazogadoebrivi kampaniebis gaZliereba unarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebis mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebulebis Secvlis mizniT:<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebi jer kidev ganicdian socialur stigmas<br />
da seriozul problemebs awydebian sxva bavSvebTan<br />
urTierTobisas, rasac maT marginalizaciamde da<br />
sazogadoebidan gariyulobamde mivyavarT. saxelmwifo am<br />
sakiTxebs sakmao yuradRebas ar uTmobs. sazogadoebrivi<br />
cnobierebis amaRlebisaken mimarTuli kampaniebi arc Tu ise<br />
xSiria da maTi organizeba saerTaSoriso donori da<br />
adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier ufro xdeba,<br />
vidre saxelmwifos mxridan.<br />
- zomebis miReba unarSezRuduli bavSvebis Cveulebriv<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi da sazogadoebaSi integraciisaTvis:<br />
rogorc saxelmwifos mier mesame saangariSo periodSi<br />
warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil angariSSi iyo miTiTebuli, ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministrom Tbilisis 10 sajaro skolaSi<br />
ganaxorciela sapilote proeqti. am proeqtis mizani iyo<br />
Cveulebriv saganmanaTleblo procesSi unarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebis integracia. miuxedavad imisa, rom saxelmwifos mier<br />
moxsenebuli Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi mniSvnelovania, ar momxdara an proeqtis<br />
30
detalebis, monacemebisa Tu aRmoCenebis gavrceleba farTo<br />
masStabiT. es aZnelebs am proeqtisa da misi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis<br />
damoukidebeli da kritikuli ganxilvis SesaZleblobas.<br />
- zomebis miReba unarSezRudul bavSvebze mzrunvelobis kuTxiT<br />
mSoblebisaTvis codnis gasaziareblad: mxardamWeri jgufebi an<br />
raime saganmanaTleblo programebi unarSezRuduli bavSvebis<br />
mSoblebisaTvis spontanur xasiaTs atarebs, an saerTod ar<br />
arsebobs. es qmnis iseT seriozul problemebs, rogoricaa<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebis institucionalizaciis maRali<br />
maCvenebeli da sazogadoebis cnobierebis dabali done am<br />
bavSvebis saWiroebebis Sesaxeb.<br />
8.2 janmrTeloba da jandacvis servisebi (muxli 24)<br />
komitetma gamoTqva SeSfoTeba axalSobilebis sikvdilianobis maRali<br />
maCveneblisa da usafrTxo da kargi xarisxis sasmeli wylis<br />
arasakmarisad miwodebis gamo. oficialuri statistikis mixedviT<br />
axalSobilTa sikvdilianoba sakmaod maRali rCeba, daaxloebiT 18.1%<br />
yovel 1,000 cocxladSobilze. Tumca, reproduqtiuli janmrTelobis<br />
kvlevam, romelic 2005 wels UNFPA-m Caatara, aCvena, rom axalSobilTa<br />
sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli, romelic oficialurad mogvawoda<br />
statistikis departamentma, aSkarad ufro dabalia arsebul<br />
realobasTan SedarebiT. kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis mixedviT axalSobilTa<br />
sikvdilianoba 1,000 cocxladSobilze 28 erTeuls Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns.<br />
axalSobilTa sikvdilianobis 68.7% gamowveulia neonataluri<br />
sikvdilianobiT. neonataluri sikvdilianoba yvelaze xSirad<br />
dakavSirebulia dabadebis mcire wonasTan, romelic prenataluri<br />
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mniSvnelovani indikatoria. qveynis<br />
janmrTelobis statistika ar gvTavazobs raime monacemebs neonataluri<br />
sikvdilianobis dros dabadebis woniT kategoriaze. amgvarad,<br />
SeuZlebelia specifiurad dabadebis wonasTan dakavSirebuli<br />
neonataluri sikvdilianobis analizisa da SedarebiTi analizis<br />
Catareba, raTa gamovlindes, Tu jandacvis seqtoris romeli nawili<br />
saWiroebs gaumjobesebas. ZiriTadi problemebi, romelic <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
bavSvTa sikvdilianobas iwvevs, aris:<br />
- dedebi arasakmarisad arian informirebulebi orsuli<br />
qalebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi saxelmwifo SeRavaTebis Sesaxeb<br />
- zogierT raionsa da TemSi kvalificirebuli jandacvis<br />
personalis ararseboba<br />
- jandacvis momsaxurebis mimwodeblebis xarisxis gazomvis<br />
sistemis ararseboba; finansuri da sxva saxis daxmarebis<br />
ararseboba momsaxurebis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad<br />
- mtkicebulebaze dafuZnebuli klinikuri gaidlainebis<br />
ararseboba<br />
31
- saWiro unar-Cvevebisa da gamocdilebis ararseboba mcire<br />
wonis mqone bavSvebze zrunvisaTvis; axalSobilebis<br />
movlisaTvis saWiro aparaturis ararseboba.<br />
- erovnuli statistikis mier saWiro da mniSvnelovani<br />
indikatorebis miwodebis SeuZlebloba, rac xels Seuwyobda<br />
dedaTa da bavSvTa janmrTelobis mdgomareobis ukeT<br />
gaanalizebas; aseve arsebobs prenataluri janmrTelobis<br />
sainformacio sistemis reformis saWiroeba.<br />
komiteti kidev erTxel imeorebs mis wina rekomendacias erovnuli<br />
jandacvis politikis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro adamianuri da<br />
finansuri resursebis gamoyofis Sesaxeb. ufro konkretulad, komiteti<br />
saxelmwifos urCevs:<br />
- gaaZlieros Zalisxmeva jandacvis erovnuli politikis<br />
ganxorcielebis mimarTulebiT, resursebis adeqvaturi da<br />
mdgradi uzrunvelyofis saSualebiT<br />
- gaaZlieros prenataluri movlisa da dedaTa janmrTelobis<br />
Sesaxeb ganaTlebis efeqturoba axalSobilTa sikvdilianobis<br />
Sesamcireblad<br />
- miiRos zomebi usafrTxo sasmeli wylis miwodebis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad<br />
- moiZios daxmareba gaeros bavSvTa fondidan (iunisefi).<br />
saxelmwifom araerTi pozitiuri nabiji gadadga am amocanebis<br />
gasaxorcieleblad, magaliTad, dedaTa da bavSvTa jandacva<br />
prioritetul mimarTulebad gamocxadda jandacvis erovnul<br />
politikaSi. Tumca, jer kidev arsebobs mniSvnelovani problemebi,<br />
romelic dauyovnebilv unda mogvardes:<br />
- saqarTvelos konstituciis mixedviT bavSvi aris piri,<br />
romelsac 18 wlamde jer ar miuRwevia. miuxedavad amisa, aris<br />
rigi saxelmwifo programebisa, romelic moicavs mxolod 15<br />
wlamde bavSvebs. aseve, saxelmwifo programa 3-15 wlis<br />
bavSvebisaTvis faravs xarjebis mxolod 80%, xolo ojaxma<br />
danarCeni 20% unda dafaros.<br />
- 16-18 wlis mozardebi Sesabamisi momsaxurebis gareSe rCebian,<br />
vinaidan maT bavSvTa saavadmyofoebisa da sxva prevenciuli<br />
dawesebulebebis momsaxureba ar ekuTvniT; aseve zrdasrulebis<br />
saavadmyofoebi ufaso gadaudebel daxmarebas uweven mxolod<br />
siRaribis zRvars miRma myof mosaxleobas.<br />
8.3. mozardebis janmrTeloba<br />
32
komiteti gamoTqvams SeSfoTebas sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi<br />
daavadebebis gazrdili maCveneblebis gamo da aseve aRniSnavs, rom<br />
arsebuli jandacvis momsaxureba ar aris mimarTuli mozardebis<br />
saWiroebebisaken, rac amcirebs maT mzaobas mimarTon pirveladi<br />
jandacvis momsaxurebas. komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifos ufro<br />
gaaZlieros Tavisi Zalisxmeva mozardebis jandacvis politikis<br />
xelSewyobisa da skolebSi janmrTelobis ganaTlebis gaumjobesebis<br />
mizniT. saxelmwifom unda miiRos zomebi Sesabamisi adamianuri da<br />
finansuri resursebis gamoyofisa da bavSvebisa da mozardebis<br />
saWiroebebisaken mimarTuli konfidencialuri konsultaciebis,<br />
mzrunvelobisa da gamajansaRebeli dawesebulebebis arsebobis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad, romelic mozardebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi iqneba<br />
mSoblis Tanxmobis gareSe, roca es <strong>bavSvis</strong> interesebs emsaxureba.<br />
am kuTxiT progresi an Zalian mcire iyo an saerTod ar yofila. ar<br />
arsebobs raime erovnuli strategia, romelic mimarTulia<br />
konkretulad mozardebis janmrTelobisa da ganviTarebisaken.<br />
mozardebis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb arsebuli statistikuri monacemebi<br />
arasandoa. arsebobs garkveuli Seusabamoba oficialur informaciasa da<br />
kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs Soris. ar xdeba janmrTelobis Sesamowmeblad saWiro<br />
momsaxurebis SeTavazeba mozardebisaTvis. da bolos, arsebobs<br />
informaciis aSkara nakleboba mozardebis cxovrebis jansaRi wesis<br />
Sesaxeb.<br />
erovnulma reproduqciulma kvlevam aCvena, rom abortis maCvenebeli<br />
mozard gogonebSi gacilebiT ufro maRalia, vidre es oficialur<br />
statistikaSia miTiTebuli – 12 yovel 1000 mozard gogonaze. abortis<br />
maCvenebeli gacilebiT ufro maRalia Rarib, naklebi ganaTlebis mqone<br />
an sofelSi macxovrebel qalebSi. oficialuri statistikuri monacemebi<br />
sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebebis Sesaxeb asakis mixedviT<br />
Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:<br />
SemTxvevebis raodenoba 100,000 erTeulze<br />
14 wels qvemoT 15-19 wlebi 20-29 wlebi<br />
sifilisi 0.4 7.9 29.0<br />
<strong>ge</strong>nokokis infeqcia 0.9 10.7 23.1<br />
sxva sggi 0 0.6 8.0<br />
qlamidiis infeqcia 0.2 66.7 103.1<br />
triqomonaluri<br />
infeqcia<br />
0.2 115.7 280.0<br />
mozardebi jer kidev arasakmarisad arian ganaTlebulni<br />
reproduqciuli janmrTelobis Sesaxeb. sakonsultacio momsaxureba da<br />
informacia mozardebis janmrTelobis Sesaxeb praqtikulad<br />
miuwvdomelia. arsebobs mxolod ramdenime proeqti, romelic<br />
sakonsultacio momsaxurebas iTvaliswinebs. da bolos, sazogadoeba<br />
Zalian skeptikurad aris ganwyobili skolebSi reproduqciuli<br />
ganaTlebis Setanaze. Sesabamisad, arsebobs sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis<br />
33
amaRlebisaken mimarTuli kampaniebis saWiroeba, romelic skolebSi<br />
reproduqciuli ganaTlebis ararsebobidan gamowveul negatiur<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bs Seexeboda.<br />
8.4 socialuri uzrunvelyofa, bavSvTa jandacva da samedicino<br />
momsaxurebis obieqtebi (muxlebi 18.3 da 26)<br />
komiteti saxelmwifos mouwodebs ganaxorcielos socialuri<br />
uzrunvelyofis sistemis reforma bavSvebTan mimarTebaSi CESCR<br />
rekomendaciebis mixedviT. komiteti aseve rekomendacias uwevs<br />
saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli yuradReba dauTmos yvelaze daucvel da<br />
gariyul jgufebs. ufro metic, komiteti saxelmwifos mouwodebs fuladi<br />
daxmareba ganavrcos SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone yvela bavSvze,<br />
maT Soris 16-18 wlis asakis mozardebzec. saqarTvelos socialuri<br />
usafrTxoebis sistema jer kidev sustia. igi ar iZleva yvelaze daucveli<br />
jgufebis, maT Soris bavSvebis uflebebisa da saWiroebebis realizaciis<br />
garantias. finansuri daxmarebis gaweva socialurad daucveli<br />
ojaxebisaTvis TiTqmis ar xdeba da ver uzrunvelyofs socialurad<br />
daucveli bavSvebis saWiroebebis minimalur doneze dakmayofilebas. rac<br />
Seexeba unarSezRudulobasTan dakavSirebul Semweobas, SezRuduli<br />
SesaZleblobebis mqone 0-18 wlis asakis bavSvebs ekuTvniT finansuri<br />
daxmareba, Tumca es Tanxa Zalian dabalia da albaT momavali wlidan<br />
isic gauqmdeba 12 . kategoriaze dafuZnebuli socialuri daxmareba,<br />
rogoricaa fuladi daxmareba unarSezRuduli bavSvebisaTvis, Seicvleba<br />
saWiroebaze dafuZnebuli programiT siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi<br />
ojaxebisa da bavSvebisaTvis,. imis gamo, rom siRaribis zRvars qvemoT<br />
myofi ojaxebis gamovlenis kriteriumebi Zalian mkacria, Zalian bevri<br />
socialurad daucveli Raribi da SezRudulobis mqone bavSvi darCa<br />
saWiroebaze dafuZnebuli programebis miRma.<br />
8.5 cxovrebis done (muxli 27)<br />
komitetma gamoTqva SeSfoTeba mosaxleobaSi siRaribis maRali donis,<br />
mZime sacxovrebeli pirobebis, umuSevrobis maRali maCveneblis, dabali<br />
xelfasebis, dabali socialuri uzrunvelyofisa da qveyanaSi arsebuli<br />
korufciis gamo. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2003 wlis Semdeg mTavrobam<br />
garkveuli anti-korufciuli zomebi da rigi ekonomikuri da socialuri<br />
reformebi ganaxorciela, romelsac Sedegad garkveuli pozitiuri<br />
Zvrebi mohyva, mosaxleobis sacxovrebeli pirobebi jer kidev aramyari<br />
rCeba 13 . yvelaze imedgamacruebeli ki aris is, rom saqarTvelos bavSvebi<br />
12 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 8.1 SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone<br />
bavSvebi (muxli 23)<br />
13 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 3.4. resursebis ganawileba<br />
34
ver iReben mniSvnelovan sar<strong>ge</strong>bels mimdinare ekonomikuri zrdidan.<br />
bavSvebSi siRaribis done mcirdeba, magram siRaribis Semcirebis<br />
progresi maTTvis ufro nelia, vidre gaWirvebaSi myofi sxva<br />
jgufebisaTvis.<br />
bavSvebis siRaribe erT-erTi yvelaze didi problemaa<br />
saqarTvelosaTvis. msoflio bankis angariSSi progresisa da evropisa<br />
da centraluri aziis perspeqtivebis Sesaxeb (2005) naTqvamia, rom am<br />
regionis yvela qveyanaSi bavSvebi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns jgufs, romelic yvelaze<br />
metad aris siRaribis riskis qveS da evropisa da centraluri aziis<br />
Raribebis saerTo ricxvis mesameds Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> sxvadasxva<br />
mimdinareobebi arsebobs, magaliTad, eTnikuri umciresobebi ufro<br />
metad dganan siRaribis riskis winaSe qarTvel mosaxleobasTan<br />
SedarebiT.<br />
saqarTvelos aseve didi raodenobiT hyavs iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli<br />
pirebi (igp). es jgufi ufro metad ganicdis siRaribes, romelic aseve<br />
ganpirobebulia maTi socialuri gariyviT SromiTi bazridan da<br />
diskriminaciiT sajaro momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT.<br />
siRaribis maRali maCvenebeli da socialuri gariyuloba ZiriTadad<br />
miuTiTebs <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> Sesabamisi socialuri dacvis sistemis<br />
ararsebobaze.<br />
komiteti saxelmwifos aZlevs rekomenacias mTlianad ganaxorcielos<br />
PRSP da miiRos zomebi, raTa daexmaros mSoblebsa da bavSvebze<br />
mzrunvel sxva pirebs dasZlion siRaribe da gaaumjobeson yvelaze metad<br />
daucveli jgufis – bavSvebis sacxovrebeli pirobebi. savaraudod EDPRP<br />
aRwers mTavrobis makroekonomikur, struqturul da socialur<br />
politikasa da programebs, roemlic mimarTulia zrdisa da siRaribis<br />
Semcirebisaken. EDPRP-m ver moaxerxa Camoeyalibebina Sesabamisi<br />
socialuri politika da programebi, romelic mimarTulia bavSvebisa da<br />
sxva socialurad daucveli jgufebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebisaken.<br />
9. ganaTleba, Tavisufali dro da kulturuli RonisZiebebi<br />
(muxlebi 28, 29, 31)<br />
komiteti moxarulia, rom ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro<br />
aqtiurad TanamSromlobs saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemis reformis farglebSi, rac mas ufasos xdis.<br />
komiteti gamoTqvams SeSfoTebas ganaTlebaze sajaro danaxarjebis<br />
uaryofisa da araformaluri gadaxdis sistemebis arsebobis Sesaxeb, rac<br />
xSirad skolebis biujetis dafinansebis wyarod gvevlineba. komitets<br />
aseve problemurad miaCnia monacemebis ararseboba skolaSi CarCenebis,<br />
garicxvebisa da Tavis danebebis Sesaxeb. da bolos, komitets aseve<br />
problemad miaCnia fizikuri da gonebrivi unarSezRuduli bavSvebis<br />
gariyva saganmanaTleblo sistemidan.<br />
35
komiteti saxelmwifos mouwodebs miiRos konkretuli zomebi, raTa<br />
yvela bavSvs hqondes saSualeba ganaxorcielos misi ufleba ganaTlebis<br />
miRebaze, <strong>konvenciis</strong> 28-29 muxlebis Sesabamisad. igi aseve mouwodebs<br />
saxelmwifos gazardos sajaro dafinanseba ganaTlebis sistemisaTvis,<br />
raTa Sewydes mosaxleobis Tanamonawileoba "saskolo fondSi".<br />
Tanamonawileobis moTxovnam SeiZleba gamoiwvios bevri socialurad<br />
daucveli <strong>bavSvis</strong> mier savaldebulo ganaTlebis miuRebloba. da bolos,<br />
komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifos Seagrovos monacemebi<br />
saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi CarCenebis, garicxvebisa da Tavis danebebis<br />
Sesaxeb, an nebismieri sxva skolasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis<br />
Sesaxeb, da SesTavazos am problemis mqone bavSvebs daxmareba da<br />
sakonsultacio momsaxureba.<br />
garkveuli progresi SeiniSneba bavSvTa saganmanaTleblo uflebebis<br />
kuTxiT. savaldebulo saganmanaTleblo sistebis dafinansebis vauCerul<br />
sistemaze gadasvlam mniSvnelovnad gaaumjobesa socialurad daucveli<br />
bavSvebis xelmisawvdomoba ganaTlebaze. Tumca, jer kidev arsebobs<br />
problemebi, romelic xels uSlis maTi saganmanaTleblo uflebebis<br />
realizacias. dafinansebis axali sistemis mixedviT bavSvebi iReben<br />
vauCers, romelic maT ganaTlebas afinansebs. bavSvebs SeuZliaT airCion<br />
sajaro skola da vauCeri iq gamoiyenon. miuxedavad amisa, ojaxebs mainc<br />
uwevT sakmaod didi Tanxebis gaReba ama Tu im mizeziT. rogorc<br />
saxelmwifo angariSSi iyo naTqvami, skolebs aqvT oficialuri ufleba<br />
moaxdinon resursebis mobilizacia, Tumca, bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis<br />
an momvlelebis mier gaRebuli Tanxebi nebayoflobiTi unda iyos. es<br />
gadasaxadi jer kidev arsebobs da SeiZleba seriozulad SeuSalos xeli<br />
socialurad daucveli bavSvebis xelmisawvdmobas savaldebulo<br />
ganaTlebaze.<br />
yvelaze didi problema mainc saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebis da sxva<br />
saWiro saskolo nivTebis siZvirea. saxelmwifo ar uzrunvelyofs<br />
saskolo masalebs da ojaxebs Tavad uwevT maTi SeZena. saskolo<br />
nivTebi, gansakuTrebiT ki wignebi Zalian Zviria ara mxolod Raribi<br />
mosaxleobisaTvis, aramed saSualo Semosavlis mqone ojaxisTvisac ki.<br />
yovel wels ganaTlebis saministro saskolo wignebis axal redaqcias<br />
gamoscems, romelic arc Tu ise arsebiTadaa Secvlili, Tumca, ojaxSi<br />
myof ufro patara asakis bavSvebs ar SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ufrosi da-<br />
Zmis saxelmZRvaneloebi. bevri socialurad daucveli bavSvi<br />
formalurad dadis skolaSi, Tumca isini ver Rebuloben adeqvatur<br />
ganaTlebas iseTi resursis ararsebobis gamo, rogoricaa wignebi.<br />
aRricxulia araerTi SemTxveva, roca bavSvebi adreul asakSi toveben<br />
skolas, raTa finansurad daexmaron TavianT ojaxebs da quCis<br />
cxovrebaSi ebmebian. e.w. "quCis bavSvebi" quCaSi muSaoben an maTxovroben<br />
da Sesabamisad minimaluradac ki ver iReben savaldebulo ganaTlebas 14 .<br />
14 damatebiTi informaciisaTvis ix. nawili 10.2, ekonomikuri eqspluatacia<br />
36
saxelmwifos jer kidev ar gaaCnia erTiani monacemebi skolebisaTvis<br />
Tavis danebebis, garicxvebisa da skolebTan dakavSirebuli sxva<br />
problemebis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifos aseve ar gaaCnia raime daxmareba,<br />
rogoricaa konsultacia bavSvebTan skolebisaTvis Tavis danebebisa da<br />
skolebTan dakavSirebuli sxva SemTxvevebis dros.<br />
rogorc ukve aRiniSna nawilSi 8.1. unarSezRuduli bavSvebi, ganaTlebis<br />
saministrom Camoayaliba sapilote proeqti Tbilisis me-10 sajaro<br />
skolaSi inkluziuri ganaTlebis kuTxiT. am proeqtis mizani iyo<br />
bavSvebis CarTva Cveulebriv saskolo procesSi. imedia, rom inkluziuri<br />
ganaTleba TandaTan saqarTvelos yvela sajaro skolaSi Seva. garda am<br />
10 sacdeli adgilisa, fizikurad da gonebrivad unarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis ganaTlebis micema SesaZlebelia mxolod<br />
specializirebul rezidentul instituciebSi.<br />
sajaro dafinanseba ganaTlebis seqtorze gaizarda mTliani Sida<br />
produqtis 0.93%-dan 2.47%-mde (saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2007). Tumca,<br />
rogorc es ukve aRiniSna nawilSi 3.4 resursebis ganawileba,<br />
ganaTlebaze gamoyofili dafinanseba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebul<br />
ekonomikur zrdas ar Seesabameba. sajaro ganaTleba sakmaod maRal<br />
prioritetad aris miCneuli mTavrobis reformebSi, Tumca, ganaTlebis<br />
sajaro dafinanseba jer kidev dabalia da saqarTvelos yvelaze<br />
gaWirvebuli bavSvebis saganmanaTleblo uflebis realizacias srulad<br />
ver uzrunvelyofs.<br />
socialurad daucvel bavSvebs sakmarisad ar miuwvdebaT xeli gasarTob<br />
da sportul wreebze. skolis Semdegi yvela wre sakmaod Zviria saSualo<br />
SeZlebis mqone ojaxisTvisac ki. bavSvebi xSirad dadian sportsa Tu<br />
musikaze orientirebul rezidentul skolebSi imis gamo, rom ojaxs ar<br />
aqvs saSualeba gadaixados skolis Semdgomi programebis Tanxa. musika,<br />
sporti da sxva gakveTilebi, romelsac bavSvebs rezidentuli<br />
dawesebulebebi sTavazoben, sakmao mizezs warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns mSoblisaTvis,<br />
rom Tavisi Svili kviris ganmavlobaSi rezidentul dawesebulebaSi<br />
datovos. socialurad daucveli bavSvebis sazogadoebaSi integraciis<br />
mizniT saWiroa skolis Semdgomi programebis - dRis servisebisa Tu<br />
klasgareSe saqmianobebis ufasod SeTavazeba daucveli bavSvebisaTvis. es<br />
mniSvnelovani finansuri SeRavaTi iqneboda bevri ojaxisaTvis da<br />
mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebda bavSvebis Sedinebas rezidentul skolebSi.<br />
gaxangrZlivebuli programebi daexmareba bavSvebs gamoavlinon<br />
TavianTi potenciali da CaerTon maTTvis saintereso sxvadasxva<br />
sferoSi. amgvarad, saxelmwifom socialurad daucvel ojaxebs unda<br />
SesTavazos ojaxisa da <strong>bavSvis</strong> damxmare programebi.<br />
kidev erT problemad miiCneva is, rom samoqalaqo ganaTleba, romelic<br />
1998 wels daiwyo skolebSi, 2003 wels Sewyda. 1998-2001 wels daiwyo<br />
axali programa iunisefis TaosnobiT. misi mizani iyo bavSvebis<br />
ganaTleba maTi uflebebisa da valdebulebebis Sesaxeb, rogorc es<br />
aRwerilia <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> konvenciaSi. am programas axorcielebda<br />
arasamTavrobo organizacia samoqalaqo ganaTlebis centri "gaia". am<br />
37
programis farglebSi skolebSi daiwyo axali gakveTilis, "Cveni<br />
uflebebi" Catareba. am programis Sefasebam gamoavlina, rom skolebSi,<br />
sadac tardeboda es gakveTili, viTareba mniSvnelovnad Seicvala.<br />
zogadi atmosfero ufro demokratiuli gaxda da Zaladobam<br />
sagrZnoblad iklo. miuxedavad dadebiTi Sede<strong>ge</strong>bisa, ganaTlebisa da<br />
mecnierebis saministros erovnuli ganaTlebis da<strong>ge</strong>gmvisa da Sefasebis<br />
centrma (SemdgomSi "centri") gaauqma es gakveTili. kidev erTi<br />
iniciativa, romelsac iunisefi uWerda mxars, cxovrebiseul<br />
gamocdilebasa da jansaR cxovrebis wess Seexeboda. am iniciativis<br />
farglebSi moxda maswavleblebis treningi, programis SemuSaveba da<br />
dawyebiTi klasebis bavSvebisaTvis saWiro wignebis gamosacemad<br />
momzadeba. Tumca, centrma es programa erovnul saganmanaTleblo<br />
programaSi ar CarTo. sabolood ki ganxorcielda adamianis uflebebis<br />
programa, romelic dafinansebuli iyo norvegiis ltolvilTa sabWos<br />
(NRC), SIDA-sa da Ria sazogadoeba saqarTvelos mier da romelic<br />
miznad isaxavda skolis moswavleebisaTvis adamianis uflebebis gacnobas<br />
meore doneze – sabaziso doneze. es gakveTili Tbilisisa da regionebis<br />
500-mde skolaSi tardeboda. amJamad es gakveTili aRar tardeba<br />
calkeuli saxiT, magram igi integrirebulia me-8 klasis istoriisa da<br />
<strong>ge</strong>ografiis programaSi.<br />
ganaTleba yvelaze efeqturad uwyobs xels sazogadoebis<br />
demokratizacias, adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb cnobierebis amaRlebas da<br />
tolerantobis gasaZlierebas skolebsa da sxva garemoSi. skolebSi<br />
bolo xanebSi gazrdili Zaladobis fonze rTuli gasa<strong>ge</strong>bia, Tu ratom<br />
aRar xdeba centris mier adamianis uflebebisa da samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTlebis klasebis mxardaWera. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
samuSao jgufebi imedovneben, rom adamianis uflebebi da samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTleba TandaTan isev CaerTveba erovnul saswavlo programaSi.<br />
10. specialuri damcavi zomebi<br />
10.1 ltolvili da iZulebiT gadaagdilebuli bavSvebi (muxli 22)<br />
komiteti problemurad miiCnevs progresis simcires iZulebiT<br />
gadaadgilebuli pirebisa da bavSvebis saxlebSi dabrunebis kuTxiT da<br />
gamoTqvams mwuxarebas, rom meore perioduli angariSi ar Seicavs raime<br />
informacias iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis axlandeli<br />
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb. komitets aseve problemad miaCnia<br />
ltolvili bavSvebis mdgomareoba da iseTi programebis arasakmarisi<br />
raodenobiT arseboba, romelic am bavSvebis saWiroebebisa da<br />
uflebebisaken iqneba mimarTuli. komiteti isev imeorebs Tavis<br />
rekomendacias da mouwodebs mTavrobas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba<br />
dauTmos iZulebiT gadaadgilebul bavSvebsa da maT ojaxebs. igi aseve<br />
mouwodebs saxelmwifos mxari dauWiros iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli<br />
bavSvebis uflebas nebayoflobiT, usafrTxod da Rirseulad dabrundnen<br />
38
sakuTar saxlebSi. kidev erTi rCeva, romelsac komiteti aZlevs<br />
saxelmwifo mxares aris: gadaxedos 1998 wlis kanons ltolvilebis<br />
Sesaxeb da Sesabamis kanonqvemdebare aqtebs, raTa ltolvilis statusis<br />
Sesaxeb 1951 wlis <strong>konvenciis</strong>a da 1967 wlis protokolis moTxovnebis<br />
gatareba srulad moxdes.<br />
2006 wels ltolvilad registrirebuli iyo 329 bavSvi (0-17 wlis) 15 . es<br />
bavSvebi ZiriTadad <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, pankisis xeobaSi cxovroben. viTareba<br />
ltolvili bavSvebis kuTxiT jer kidev arastabiluria. ufro metic, jer<br />
ar momxdara iseTi saxelmwifo programebis Camoyalibeba, romelic<br />
orientirebuli iqneboda am bavSvebis saWiroebebsa da uflebebze. ar<br />
arsebobs informacia im iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis Sesaxeb,<br />
romlebic SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis gamo iZulebulebi gaxdnen<br />
gadasuliyvnen TviTgamocxadebul afxazeTisa da samxreT oseTis<br />
respublikebSi an sxva qveynebSi, maT Soris ruseTSi. Tumca, savaraudo<br />
statistikis mixedviT gadaadgileba saqarTvelos sxva adgilebidan<br />
konfliqturi zonebisaken gacilebiT patara masStabiT moxda im masiur<br />
gadaadgilebasTan SedarebiT, romelsac adgili hqonda saqarTvelos<br />
mTavrobis mier kontrolirebadi teritoriebisaken. oficialuri<br />
samTavrobo statistikis mixedviT 2007 wlis 1 aprilis mdgomareobiT<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> registrirebulia 234,664 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli<br />
piri 16 . Sesabamisad, qvemoT moyvanil nawilSi mocemulia postkonfliqtur<br />
zonebSi (galis raioni da cxinvalis regioni) axlaxan<br />
dabrunebuli adamianebis situaciisa da saqarTvelos kontrolirebad<br />
teritoriebze mcxovrebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis<br />
mdgomareobis analizi.<br />
10.1.1 iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebi post-konfliqtur zonebSi:<br />
cxinvalis regionsa da galis raionSi<br />
saxelmwifom konfliqtis mSvidobiani gadawyvetis mizniT araerTi<br />
mniSvnelovani Zalisxmeva ganaxorciela, romelic saSualebas miscems<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul ojaxebs, maT Soris axalgazrdebsa da<br />
bavSvebs, nebayoflobiT, usafrTxod da Rirseulad daubrundnen sakuTar<br />
saxlebs. Tumca, afxazeTsa (afxazeTis TviTaRiarebuli respublika) da<br />
oseTSi (samxreT oseTis TviTaRiarebuli respublika) iZulebiT<br />
gadaadgilebuli pirebis organizebulad dabruneba jer kidev<br />
SeuZlebeli rCeba. igp_Ta garkveuli raodenoba, maT Soris bavSvebi da<br />
axalgazrdebi spontanurad dabrundnen postkonfliqtur zonebSi: galis<br />
raionsa da cxinvalis regionSi. es bavSvebi ver axorcieleben<br />
elementarul uflebebs, rogoricaa pirveladi jandacvisa da xarisxiani<br />
ganaTlebis ufleba. cxinvalis regionSi unda gamovlindes iZulebiT<br />
15 ufro meti informaciis miReba SesaZlebelia Semdeg veb-gverdze:<br />
http://www.mra.gov.<strong>ge</strong>/index.php?m=7003&tid=257&e=1 ; saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da<br />
gansaxlebis saministro<br />
16 iqve.<br />
39
gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis ori kategoria: igp bavSvebi, romlebic<br />
komunalur centrebSi cxovroben da bavSvebi, romlebic saqarTvelos<br />
xelisuflebis mier kontrolirebul soflebSi cxovroben. orive saxis<br />
igp mosaxleobis janmrTelobis statusi Zalian dabalia. cxinvalsa da<br />
sxva adgilebSi mcxovrebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebi ganicdian<br />
Sesabamisi racionis mqone sakvebis naklebobas, fsiqologiur tramvas,<br />
miRebuls SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros da mudmiv fsiqologiur<br />
zewolas. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani problema igp-Ta janmrTelobis<br />
statusis kuTxiT aris: sggi-s gavrceleba, qalebis arasakmarisi<br />
reproduqciuli ganaTleba da SesaZleblobebis ararseboba <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
ganviTarebis kuTxiT. moZraoba am soflebSi (qarTuli mTavrobis mier<br />
kontrolirebuli cxinvalis regionis soflebi) Zalian SezRudulia da<br />
asocirebulia cxovrebisa da janmrTelobisaTvis saSiS riskebTan, rac<br />
aseve moicavs adamianebis gatacebasa da sxva SemTxvevebs, romelsac<br />
Zalian xSirad hqonda adgili 2006 wlis ganmavlobaSi.<br />
afxazeTidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa situacia xarisxobrivad<br />
gansxvavebulia. igp-Ta mxolod patara nawili aris galis raionidan<br />
(afxazeTis regionis nawili), romlebsac SeuZliaT gadalaxon afxazeTis<br />
administraciuli sazRvari mdinare engurze. amJamad daaxloebiTY 76,100<br />
galeli aris registrirebuli rogorc iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piri.<br />
zogierTi maTgani sezonurad brundeba galSi, raTa miwebi daamuSaon da<br />
raRac Semosavali miiRon, xolo sxvebi uSualod raionSi cxovroben.<br />
Tumca, galSi dabrunebuli igp-ebi mainc ver CaiTvlebian oficialurad<br />
dabrunebulebad, vinaidan ar arsebobs raime pirobebi maTi<br />
usafrTxoebisa da Rirsebis dasacavad. es adamianebi iZulebulebi arian<br />
icxovron galSi, raTa iarsebon. arsebobs gansxvavebuli statistika im<br />
igp_Ta raodenobis Sesaxeb, romlebic galSi cxovroben da es<br />
raodenoba 40,000-dan 65,000-mde meryeobs. sxvadasxva organizaciebs<br />
sxvadasxva daSvebebi gaaCniaT spontanurad dabrunebuli mosaxleobis<br />
realuri raodenobis Sesaxeb. es raodenoba xSirad gaberilia<br />
politikuri miznebisaTvis, magaliTad, im politikuri<br />
manipulaciebisaTvis, romelsac eweva adgilobrivi de faqto mTavroba.<br />
adgilobrivi de faqto mTavroba xSirad acxadebs, rom eTnikuri<br />
qarTveli igp-ebi ukve dabrunden galSi. Zalian mniSvnelovania igp-Ta<br />
statusis ganmsazRvreli garkveuli kriteriumebis Camoyalibeba. Tu<br />
fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, legaluri, socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
usafrTxoebis pirobebi ar iqneba dakmayofilebuli, adamianebi,<br />
romlebic spontanurad dabrundebian galSi, igp statuss unda<br />
inarCunebdnen.<br />
arsebobs erTiani xedva, rom postkonfliqturi zonebi ufro usafrTxoa<br />
qalebisaTvis, vidre mamakacebisaTvis. am mizeziT qalebs xSirad<br />
agzavnian maTi ojaxebi galSi, raTa miwaze imuSaon da mosavali<br />
moiyvanon. es Zalian araswori damokidebulebaa. postkonfliqtur<br />
zonaSi mgzavroba xSirad asocirebulia qalebis fizikur, fsiqologiur<br />
da moralur riskTan. qalebisa da axalgazrda gogonebis janmrTeloba,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki fsiqologiuri da reproduqciuli janmrTelobis<br />
40
pirobebi seriozul safrTxeSia postkonfliqtur zonaSi mgzavrobis<br />
dros.<br />
spontanurad dabrunebuli mosaxleobis politikuri da samoqalaqo<br />
monawileoba, aseve xarisxian ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomoba Zalian<br />
SezRudulia. bavSvebs didi sirTuleebi eqmnebaT mSoblebis sezonuri<br />
migraciis dros. Tu bavSvebi mSoblebs mihyvebian am migraciis dros, maT<br />
Cveulebrivi ganaTlebis miReba uZneldebaT. Tu bavSvebi mSoblebTan<br />
erTad ar mgzavroben sezonuri migraciis dros, mSoblis<br />
zedamxedvelobis gareSe rCebian da aseve ganicdian msgavs emociur da<br />
fsqologiur problemebs.<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis ganaTleba maT mSobliur enaze –<br />
qarTulze jer kidev erT-erT mTavr problemad rCeba galis raionSi.<br />
igp-Ta erovnuli strategiis Camoyalibebis dros Catarebulma kvlevam,<br />
aCvena, rom galidan Camosul bavSvebs Zalian iSviaTad aqvT maRali<br />
qulebi umaRles saswavleblebSi misaRebi erovnuli gamocdebis dros da<br />
xSirad esaWiroebaT damatebiTi treningi mSobliur enaSi.<br />
dabadebis registracia postkonfliqtur zonaSi Zalian rTuli procesia.<br />
gansakuTrebiT galis raionSi bavSvebis umravlesoba ibadeba ojaxur<br />
pirobebSi. dedebs, romlebmac saxlSi imSobiares, gansakuTrebulad<br />
uWirT bavSvebis registracia. magaliTad, Tu deda registraciisaTvis<br />
mimarTavs galis administracias, bavSvi ar CaiTvleba saqarTvelos<br />
moqalaqed, xolo zugdidis 17 administraciasTan mimarTvis dros<br />
dabadebis registracia yovelTvis ar aris SesaZlebeli postkonfliqturi<br />
zonebis macxovrebelTaTvis 18 .<br />
postkonfliqtur zonaSi cxovreba iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis<br />
fsiqologiur travmasTan aris dakavSirebuli. mobiluri samedicino<br />
jgufebis diagnozebis mixedviT postkonfliqtur zonaSi mcxovreb<br />
bavSvebs xSirad aReniSnebaT Ramis koSmarebi, enurezi, depresia da SiSi.<br />
da bolos, janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli yvelaze didi problema<br />
galis raionSi aris tuberkulozis, hipertenziisa da nevrozis<br />
gavrceleba.<br />
10.1.2 saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze<br />
mcxovrebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis mdgomareoba<br />
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier kontrolirebad teritoriaze mcxovrebi<br />
afxazeTidan da cxinvalidan gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis mdgomareobis<br />
gamosworeba unda moxdes igp-Ta saxelmwifo strategiis farglebSi,<br />
17 zugdidi aris qalaqi dasavleT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, romelic afxazeTTan administraciuli<br />
sazRvris gaswvriv mdebareobs<br />
18 wyaro: medikosebi, romlebic galis raionis saswrafo daxmarebis samsaxurSi<br />
muSaoben<br />
41
omelic damtkicda 2007 wlis TebervalSi #47 samTavrobo<br />
gankargulebiT. aRniSnuli gankargulebis mixedviT saxelmwifo komisiam<br />
unda Camoayalibos samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gma am strategiis ganxorcielebis<br />
mizniT. erT-erTi principi, romelic aRwerilia igp-Ta strategiaSi,<br />
<strong>ge</strong>nderul Tanasworobasa da bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas uzrunvelyofs.<br />
savaraudoa, rom samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis ganxorcielebisas sakmao yuradReba<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebis saWiroebebsa da problemebs<br />
daeTmoba.<br />
amJamad igp bavSvebis mdgomareoba saqarTvelos teritoriaze Zalian<br />
arastabiluria. 25,000 bavSvze meti – <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi igp<br />
bavSvebis TiTqmis naxevari – jer kidev TiTqmis mTlianad dangreul e.w.<br />
"koleqtiur centrebSi" cxovrobs. es centrebi ganla<strong>ge</strong>bulia yofil<br />
sajaro SenobebSi, sastumroebSi, maRaziebsa da sabavSvo baRebSi,<br />
romelic mTavrobam devnilebs TavSesafris saxiT 15 wlis win SesTavaza.<br />
koleqtiur centrebSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis ZiriTadi problemebis<br />
gansazRvris mizniT iunisefis saqarTvelos ofisma maTi mdgomareobis<br />
Sefaseba Caatara. am Sefasebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom igp bavSvebsa da<br />
axalgazrdebs specialuri dacva esaWiroebaT iseTi sxvadasxva<br />
problemebisagan, rogoricaa siRaribe, umuSevroba, alkoholi da<br />
narkotikebi, fsiqologiuri travma, gaurkveveli momavali, stigma da<br />
socialuri gariyuloba. vinaidan axlaxans daiwyo koleqtiuri<br />
centrebis privatizacia, bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi iZulebulebi arian<br />
datovon centrebi raime alternatiuli TavSesafris an Sesabamisi<br />
kompensaciis gareSe.<br />
garda binis problemebisa, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi devnili bavSvebi<br />
umZimesi siRaribis pirobebSi cxovroben, rac xels uSlis maT miiRon<br />
xarisxiani ganaTleba. ganaTleba, romelsac maT sTavazobs koleqtiur<br />
centrebSi ganTavsebuli skolebi, xarisxis standartebs ver<br />
akmayofilebs. ufro metic, bavSvebis CarTuloba koleqtiuri centrebis<br />
skolebSi maT marginalizacias da socialur gariyulobas ufro uwyobs<br />
xels. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi stigmasa da<br />
stereotipul damokidebulebas ganicdian sxva Tanatolebisgan,<br />
maswavleblebisa da sxva adamianebisgan. es maT uyalibebs<br />
arasrulfasovnebis, dabali TviTSefasebis, TviT-identurobis<br />
ararsebobisa da socialuri izolaciis kompleqss.<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa saxelmwifo strategiis mizania<br />
TandaTan daxuros koleqtiur centrebSi arsebuli skolebi da iq<br />
mcxovrebi bavSvebi Cveulebriv saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi CarTos.<br />
Tumca, bevri iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvi jer kidev dadis calke<br />
igp-Ta skolebSi, romelic ganla<strong>ge</strong>bulia koleqtiur centrebSi.<br />
strategiis mizania igp-ebi gamoasaxlos koleqtiuri centrebidan.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisagan Semdgari samuSao jgufis<br />
rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifom samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis ganxorcielebis<br />
dros miiRos yvela saxis saWiro zoma, raTa daicvas igp bavSvebi<br />
nebismieri fsiqologiuri travmisagan da gaiTvaliswinos bavSvebis<br />
WeSmariti interesebi. bavSvebis pozitiuri fsiqologiuri da fizikuri<br />
42
ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad, axali saxis daucvelobis warmoqmnis<br />
Tavidan asacileblad koleqtiuri centrebis daxurvis dros da<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebis gadaadgilebisas,<br />
saWiroa saxelmwifom dauyovnebliv gaataros Sesabamisi zomebi.<br />
fsiqologiuri reabilitaciisa da sxva mxardamWeri programebi, aseve<br />
finansuri daxmareba, gansakuTrebiT ki iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis jer kidev arastabiluria an saerTod ar arsebobs.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom iZulebiT gadaadgilebul bavSvebs janmrTelobis<br />
seriozuli problemebi aqvT, maTTvis miwodebuli jandacvis<br />
momsaxureba jer kidev mwiria. ar arsebobs oficialuri monacemebi<br />
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis Sesaxeb, magaliTad, <strong>ge</strong>nderuli<br />
balansis kuTxiT. es seriozulad aferxebs socialuri servisebisa da<br />
programebis Camoyalibebas, romelic mimarTuli iqneba igp bavSvebisa<br />
da axalgazrdebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebis realizaciisaken.<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan Semdgari samuSao jgufis<br />
rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifom uzrunvelyos igp bavSvebis CarTuloba<br />
maTi uflebebisa da saWiroebebisaken mimarTuli programebis<br />
Camoyalibebis dros. samuSao jgufi aseve mouwodebs mTavrobas xeli<br />
Seuwyos samoqalaqo organizaciebis CarTulobas im socialuri<br />
politikisa da programebis ganxorcielebis dros, romelic iZulebiT<br />
gadaadgilebuli pirebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebisaken aris<br />
mimarTuli.<br />
10.2 ekonomikuri eqspluatacia (muxli 32)<br />
komitetis gansjis sagania bavSvebis CarTuloba ekonomikur<br />
saqmianobaSi. komitetis rekomendaciaa, rom saxelmwifom miiRos zomebi<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> 32-e muxlisa da saerTaSoriso Sromis<br />
organzaciis (ILO) konvenciiebis #138 da 182 mixedviT da gaiTvaliswinos<br />
ILO-s rekomendacia minimaluri asakis, 1973 (#146) da bavSvTa Sromis<br />
yvelaze uaresi formebis Sesaxeb, 1999 (#190). komiteti aseve sTxovs<br />
saxelmwifos ganagrZos TanamSromloba IPEC-Tan da aseve gaaZlieros<br />
partnioruli urTierTobebi am sferoSi momuSave arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebTan.<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvTa Sromis aRmofxvris mizniT ar yofila raime<br />
progresi. bavSvTa Sromis kvleva, romelic SDS-ma Caatara ILO_s<br />
finansuri da teqnikuri daxmarebiT, mimarTuli iyo saqarTvlos 7-17<br />
wlamde bavSvebze (SDS, 2004). kvlevis mizani iyo ekonomikurad aqtiuri<br />
bavSvebi da bavSvTa Sromis aRmofxvra IKO #138 da 182 konvenciebis<br />
mixedviT. am kvlevam aCvena, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong> mier Sesrulebuli yvela<br />
samuSao SeiZleba ar kvalificirdebodes rogorc "bavSvTa Sroma".<br />
arsebobs garkveuli saqmianoba, romelic emsaxureba ganaTlebis miznebs<br />
da sasar<strong>ge</strong>bloa <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganviTarebisaTvis. ILO-m gamoavlina<br />
statistikuri zRvari bavSvTa muSaobasa da iseT bavSvTa Sromas Soris,<br />
romelic saWiroebs aRmofxvras. kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi aCvenebs, rom<br />
43
avSvebis 21.5% CarTulia ekonomikur saqmianobaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom es<br />
procentuli maCvenebeli ufro maRalia, vidre saerTaSoriso Sromis<br />
organizaciis mier gardamavali ekonomikisaTvis dawesebuli 10.1%. ufro<br />
metic, bavSvebis 10.56% Seusabamo pirobebSi muSaobs, romelic<br />
aucileblad unda aRmoifxvras. bavSvebi, romlebic CarTulebi arian<br />
aRmofxvris saWiroebis mqone bavSvTa SromiT saqmianobaSi, Sead<strong>ge</strong>ns 7-11<br />
wlis bavSvebis 2.79%-s, romlebic kviraSi 14 saaTze naklebs muSaoben, 7-<br />
14 wlis bavSvebis 7.26%, romlebic muSaoben 14-43 saaTs kviraSi da<br />
bavSvebis 0.43%, romlebic kviraSi 43 saaTze mets muSaoben.<br />
bavSvTa Sromis kvleva aCvenebs, rom bavSvebis CarTuloba ekonomikur<br />
saqmianobaSi uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens maT daswrebaze skolaSi.<br />
uaryofiTi zegavlena ufro Zlierdeba, vinaidan samuSao saaTebi kviris<br />
ganmavlobaSi izrdeba. isini, vinc kviraSi 43 saaTze mets muSaoben, 12-jer<br />
ufro xSirad anebeben Tavs skolas. roca bavSvebi CarTulebi arian<br />
ekonomikur saqmianobaSi da xangrZlivi saaTebis ganmavlobaSi muSaoben,<br />
mSoblis zedamxedveloba gacilebiT naklebia. bavSvebi, romlebic<br />
kviraSi 14 saaTze mets muSaoben da gansakuTrebiT ki isini, romlebic 43<br />
saaTze mets muSaoben, specialur saxelmwifo daxmarebasa da<br />
zedamxedvelobas saWiroeben miuxedavad imisa, muSaoben Tu ara isini<br />
iseT sferoSi, romelic aRmosafxvrel saqmianobad iTvleba.<br />
10.3 seqsualuri eqspluatacia, trefikingi (muxlebi 34 da 35)<br />
komiteti aRniSnavs, rom adamianis uflebebis xelSekrulebis<br />
organizaciebi, romlebic saqarTvelos mTavrobis angariSs ganixilaven,<br />
problemad miiCneven qveyanaSi adamianebis trefikingis praqtikas,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki qalebis trefikings. adamianis uflebebis<br />
xelSekrulebis organizaciebi aseve problemad miiCneven qalebis, maT<br />
Soris patara bavSvebis dacvis meqanizmebis ararsebobas seqsualuri<br />
eqspluataciisa da trefikingis TvalsazrisiT. komiteti saxelmwifos<br />
urCevs gaataros zomebi, raTa Semcirdes da Tavidan iqnas acilebuli<br />
seqsualuri eqspluatacia da trefikingi. es moicavs: sainformacio<br />
kampaniebis Catareba profesionalebisa da zogadad sazogadoebisaTvis,<br />
romelic mimarTuli iqneba bavSvTa mimarT seqsualuri Zaladobisa da<br />
trefikingis winaaRmdeg; seqsualuri Zaladobisa da trefikingis<br />
msxverplTa dacva, maT Soris socialuri reintegracia, jandacva da<br />
fsiqologiuri daxmareba; konfidencialuri, xelmisawvdomi da bavSvebis<br />
mimarT sensitiuri meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic miiRebs da efeqtur<br />
reagirebas moaxdens bavSvebis mier individualurad warmod<strong>ge</strong>nil<br />
saCivrebze; samarTaldamcavi struqturebis warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebis,<br />
socialuri muSakebisa da prokurorebis treningi imis Sesaxeb Tu<br />
rogor unda xorcieldebodes bavSvebisaTvis sensitiuri formiT<br />
seqsualuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis miReba,<br />
monitoringi da gamoZieba; da <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> kovenciis alternatiuli<br />
protokolis ratificireba bavSvebis gayidvis, bavSvTa pornografiisa<br />
da bavSvTa prostituciis Sesaxeb.<br />
44
komitetis rekomendaciis miuxedavad bavSvebze seqsualuri Zaladobis<br />
individualuri saCivrebis meqanizmi jer ar Camoyalibebula,.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 143-e muxli bavSvebis<br />
trefikings sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad miiCnevs. TiTqmis ar<br />
arsebobs statistikuri informacia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvTa trefikingis<br />
Sesaxeb, xolo rac Seexeba dacvis meqanizmebs, adamianebis trefikingis<br />
winaaRmdeg brZolis kanoni ambobs, rom moxdeba specialuri dacvis<br />
meqanizmebis Camoyalibeba trefikingis arasrulwlovani msxverplebis<br />
dacvis mizniT. kanonis es regulacia ar aris sakmarisi mcirewlovani<br />
msxverplis dasacavad. iunisefis mxardaWeriT ukve momzadda kanonSi<br />
Sesatani cvlilebebi. kanons daemateba axali Tavi, sadac detalurad<br />
iqneba aRwerili socialuri da iuridiuli dacva, daxmareba da<br />
sareabilitacio momsaxureba trefikingis arasrulwlovani<br />
msxverplisaTvis.<br />
jer kidev ar Camoyalibebula socialuri samsaxurebi trefikingis<br />
msxverplTaTvis. World Vision-is proeqtis farglebSi moxda 12<br />
socialuri muSakis treningi trefikingis msxverplTaTvis daxmarebis<br />
gawevis mizniT; Tumca ar aris informacia am proeqtis farglebSi<br />
Catarebuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. garda amisa, ar Catarebula raime<br />
treningi samarTaldamcavi struqturebis, prokurorebisa Tu socialuri<br />
muSakebisaTvis, rogorc es komitetis rekomendaciebSia aRniSnuli. da<br />
bolos, rekomendirebuli treningi socialuri muSakebisa da<br />
samoqalaqo seqtoris warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebisaTvis ZiriTadad xorcieldeba<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis<br />
xarjze.<br />
10.4 quCis bavSvebi<br />
komiteti iziarebs ekonomikis, socialur da kulturul <strong>uflebaTa</strong><br />
komitetis SeSfoTebas da gamoTqvams mosazrebas specialuri<br />
momxseneblis kvlevis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bis Sesaxeb, roemlic asaxavs Tu ramdenad<br />
maRalia quCis bavSvebis CarTuloba trefikingis qselSi da<br />
eqspluataciis sxva formebSi, bavSvTa gayidvis, bavSvTa prostituciisa<br />
da bavSvTa pornografiis saxiT. komiteti aseve problemurad miiCnevs<br />
quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis mzard raodenobas, aseve im ojaxebis mzard<br />
raodenobas, romlebic uflebas aZleven 7 wlis asakis bavSvebsac ki<br />
moipovon fuli quCaSi. da bolos, komiteti SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams<br />
quCebSi policiis mier quCis bavSvebisadmi gamovlenili sisastikis<br />
mimarT. komiteti saxelmwifos urCevs Caataros quCis bavSvebis kvleva<br />
da Camoayalibos gaazrebuli strategia quCis bavSvebis mzardi<br />
raodenobis problemis mogvarebis mizniT. saxelmwifom aseve unda<br />
miiRos damatebiTi zomebi, raTa daicvas quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi da<br />
uzrunvelyos maTTvis saWiro ganaTlebisa da jandacvis momsaxurebis<br />
miwodeba.<br />
ar arsebobs zusti statistikuri monacemebi quCaSi myofi bavSvebis<br />
Sesaxeb. arsebuli statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT 2002 wels quCebSi<br />
45
daaxloebiT 1,322 bavSvi cxovrobda (momavali, 2002). 2006 wlis maisSi<br />
Camoyalibda samuSao jgufi, romlis mizani iyo saqarTvelos quCis<br />
bavSvebis situaciis Seswavla. samuSao jgufis mier inicirebuli kvlevis<br />
Tanaxmad, informacia quCis bavSvebisa da maTi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb<br />
cnobili iqneba 2007 wlis bolosaTvis. federacia „gadavarCinoT<br />
bavSvebis‟ saqarTvelos ofisis monacemebiT proeqtis "axali cxovrebis<br />
dasawyisi" farglebSi monawile 200 bavSvidan 95%-s hyavs ojaxi, xolo<br />
bavSvebis 91% aris quCaSi (an dgas quCaSi gasvlis riskis winaSe)<br />
ojaxuri problemebidan gamomdinare.<br />
quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis raodenoba da maTi mdgomareoba TandaTan<br />
uaresdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom ar arsebobs xarisxobrivi an<br />
raodenobdivi monacemebi quCis bavSvebis seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da<br />
bavSvebis trefikingis kuTxiT, cnobili faqtia, rom quCis bavSvebi ufro<br />
daucvelebi arian seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da trefikingisgan.<br />
siRaribe da socialuri problemebi xSirad aiZulebs am bavSvebs<br />
miatovon skola da Caeban quCur cxovrebaSi, sadac uwevT Sroma<br />
ojaxisaTvis lukmapuris mosaZieblad. quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebi<br />
iZulebulebi arian imaTxovron an imuSaon gadarCenis mizniT. quCis<br />
bavSvebi xSirad xdebian policiisa Tu moqalaqeebis sisastikisa da<br />
Zaladobis msxverplni da ar aqvT saSualeba ganaxorcielon maTi<br />
ganaTlebisa da adeqvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebis ufleba. quCis<br />
cxovreba xels uwyobs maT socialur gariyulobasa da marginalizacias<br />
sazogadoebidan.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom quCaSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis problema Zalian<br />
mwvavea, saxelmwifos jer kidev ar miuRia raime zomebi am problemis<br />
gadasaWrelad. ar arsebobs raime calkeuli strategia, romelic<br />
mimarTuli iqneboda quCis bavSvebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebisaken.<br />
Tumca, bavSvebis Sesaxeb samTavrobo samoqmedo <strong>ge</strong>gmis samuSao versia<br />
(CAP) 2008-2011 wlebisaTvis quCis bavSvebs calke samizne jgufad<br />
moiazrebs. CAP-is 2008-2011 wlebis samuSao versiis erT-erTi ZiriTadi<br />
mizania daicvas bavSvebi Zaladobisa da eqspluataciisagan. aseve CAP-is<br />
mizania gaaumjobesos yvela <strong>bavSvis</strong>, gansakuTrebiT ki yvelaze<br />
daucvelebis – quCis bavSvebis xelmisawvdomoba socialur,<br />
saganmanaTleblo da jandacvis momsaxurebis mimarT.<br />
quCis bavSvebisaTvis zogierTi momsaxurebis gaweva xdeba<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier. Tumca, am momsaxurebas ar aqvs<br />
sistematuri xasiaTi da damokidebulia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis<br />
dafinansebaze. aseve arsebobs quCis bavSvebis sareabilitacio<br />
momsaxurebis Camoyalibebis saWiroeba. 2005 wels oficialurad<br />
Camoyalibda Sps. `bavSvTa socialuri adaptaciis centri~. es centri ar<br />
aris kanonierad uflebamosili ganaxorcielos bavSvze mzrunveloba da<br />
meurveoba. saxelmwifos mesame periodul angariSSi mocemulia centris<br />
miznebisa da funqciebis detaluri CamonaTvali. Tumca, saxelmwifo<br />
angariSSi araferia naTqvami bavSvebis mdgomareobaze da rom centrSi<br />
mcxovrebi bevri bavSvi isev dabrunda quCaSi.<br />
46
10.5 mavne nivTierebebis moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi<br />
(muxli 33)<br />
komiteti iziarebs saxelmwifos mosazrebas <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mavne<br />
nivTierebebze damokidebulebis zrdis problemis Sesaxeb da mwuxarebas<br />
gamoTqvams, rom saxelmwifo sakmaris yuradRebas ar uTmobs am<br />
problemis mogvarebas. komiteti saxelmwifos mouwodebs gaaZlieros<br />
prevenciuli zomebi da mxari dauWiros sareabilitacio programebs,<br />
romlebic SemuSavdeba mavne nivTierebebis zegavlenis msxverpli<br />
bavSvebisaTvis. mavne nivTierebebis zegavlenis problemis mogvarebis<br />
kuTxiT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> ar yofila raime progresi. es problema ufro da<br />
ufro izrdeba mozardebSi, xolo mis sawinaaRmdegod miRebuli zomebi<br />
Zalian mcire masStabisaa. ar arsebobs raime prevenciuli an damxmare<br />
sareabilitacio momsaxureba, romelic mimarTuli iqneba msxverpli<br />
bavSvebis dasaxmareblad. saxelmwifo ZiriTadad fokusirebulia<br />
damsjeli meqanizmebis gamkacrebaze da ara iseT prevenciul zomebze,<br />
rogoricaa saganmanaTleblo da sazogadoebrivi sainformacio<br />
kampaniebi, romlebic Catardeba bavSvebis narkotikebisagan da sxva mavne<br />
nivTierebebisagan dasacavad.<br />
10.6 arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajuleba (muxlebi 37, 39, 40)<br />
komiteti problemad miiCnevs policiis mier bavSvebisadmi uxeS<br />
mopyrobas da arasrulwlovanTa samarTlis Sesaxeb komitetis wina<br />
rekomendaciebis Sesasruleblad zomebis miuReblobas. amgvarad<br />
komiteti saxelmwifos mouwodebs:<br />
- uzrunvelyos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
standartebis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>, ufro konkretulad ki <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
37-e, 39-e da 40-e muxlebis moTxovnebis, gaeros iuvenaluri<br />
samarTalwarmoebis standartuli minimaluri wesebis (pekinuri<br />
wesebi) da arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis<br />
gaeros gaidlainebis (riadis gaidlainebi) Sesruleba,<br />
arasrulwlovanTa damnaSaveobis Sesaxeb komitetis mier 1995<br />
wlis ganxilvis kuTxiT:<br />
aranaeri progresi ar aRiniSneba arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis Camoyalibebis kuTxiT, romelic srul<br />
SesabamisobaSi unda movides saerTaSoriso standartebTan. ar<br />
momxdara <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
sistemis harmonizeba pekinis wesebTan. bavSvebis winaaRmdeg<br />
aRZruli saqmeebi ganixileba igive sasamarTloebis mier da<br />
igive wesebis mixedviT, rogorc es xdeba zrdasrulebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi. bavSvebis sakiTxebze momuSave profesionalebs ar<br />
CatarebiaT raime treningi kanonTan konfliqtSi myof<br />
bavSvebTan muSaobis Sesaxeb. aq igulisxmeba policielebi,<br />
47
mosamarTleebi da prokurorebi (raionuli prokuraturebi).<br />
miuxedavad didi saWiroebisa, saxelmwifom ver moaxerxa<br />
policiis treningi mcirewlovnebis dakiTxvasa da maTTan<br />
urTierTobasTan dakavSirebiT (hamiltoni 19 , 2007).<br />
mosamarTleebs, romlebic ganixilaven arasrulwlovnebis<br />
saqmeebs, moeTxovebaT mxolod mokle pedagogikisa da<br />
fsiqologiis kursebis gavla, romelic ar aris sakmarisi<br />
mosamarTleebis adeqvaturi treningisaTvis.<br />
saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 wlis iniciativis mixedviT<br />
parlamentma miiRo ramdenime kanoni, romelsac nulovani<br />
tolerantobis politika ewoda da romelic Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba<br />
saqarTvelis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis, sisxlis samarTlis<br />
saproceso kodeqsisa da patimrobis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sesatani<br />
cvlilebebisagan.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi, romelic zRudavs mosamarTlis diskrecias, xSirad<br />
ewinaaRmde<strong>ge</strong>ba pekinur wesebs. ufro konkretulad ki,<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 63-e muxli<br />
mosamarTles aniWebda pirobiTi sasjelis gamoyenebis uflebas.<br />
amgvarad mosamarTles hqonda ufleba gadaewyvita rodis<br />
gamoeyenebina pirobiTi sasjeli patimrobis sanacvlod.<br />
mosamarTleebi sakuTari diskreciis uflebas ZiriTadad<br />
iyenebdnen arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis mimarT.<br />
nulovani tolerantobis politikidan gamomdinare<br />
mosamarTle SezRudulia misi diskreciis gamoyenebisagan<br />
pirobiTi sasjelis Sefardebis dros. amJamad pirobiTi<br />
sasjelis Sefardeba sruliad damokidebulia prokurorze.<br />
ufro konkretulad, pirobiTi sasjelis Sefardeba<br />
damokidebulia prokurorsa da mcirewlovanis damcvels Soris<br />
gamarTul molaparakebis procesze.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT,<br />
gansakuTrebuli Semamsubuqebeli garemoebis arsebobis<br />
SemTxvevaSi, mosamarTles SeuZlia gamoiyenos ufro rbili<br />
sasjeli, vidre es kanoniT aris gansazRvruli. am muxls<br />
mosamarTle ZiriTadad iyenebs maSin, roca xdeba ufro<br />
humanuri sanqciis gamoyeneba arasrulwlovani<br />
samarTaldamrRvevebis mimarT. nulovani tolerantobis<br />
Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT mosamarTles aRar aqvs ufleba<br />
gamoiyenos ufro rbili sasjeli, Semamsubuqebeli garemoebebis<br />
arsebobis dros. patimrobis alternativis gamoyeneba, maT<br />
19 karolin hamiltoni, eseqsis universitetis profesori <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> imyofeboda<br />
iunisefis mowveviT, raTa Seefasebina <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis sistema<br />
48
Soris ufro humanuri sasjelis Sefardeba, rCeba prokuroris<br />
uflebamosilebad da damokidebulia gari<strong>ge</strong>baze.<br />
pekinuri wesebis 26.5 punqtis mixedviT "instituciaSi<br />
ganTavsebuli arasrulwlovnis keTildReobis uzrunvelyofis<br />
mizniT mSoblebs da mzrunvelebs unda hqondeT misi naxvis<br />
ufleba" (UN, 1985). nulovani tolerantobis Sesaxeb kanonebis<br />
gaTvaliswinebiT, cvlilvbebi ganicada saqarTvelos kanonma<br />
patimrobis Sesaxeb. kanonis 83-e muxli arasrulwlovan<br />
samarTaldamrRvevebs aniWebda mnaxvelebis moklevadiani<br />
vizitebis uflebas SeuzRudavi sixSiriT da yovelTviuri erTi<br />
xangrZlivi vizitis uflebas. es xels uwyobda<br />
arasrulwlovanis urTierTobis SenarCunebas rogorc<br />
ojaxTan aseve danarCen gare samyarosTan. nulovani<br />
tolerantobis politikis miRebam patimrobaSi myof<br />
arasrulwlovnebs CamoarTva xangrZlivi vizitis ufleba da<br />
mokle vizitebis raodenoba daiyvana TveSi 4 vizitamde. es<br />
cvlileba ar aris mimarTuli <strong>bavSvis</strong> saukeTeso interesebis<br />
gatarebisaken, rasac moiTxovs pekinuri wesebis 26.5 punqti da<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> me-3-e muxli. cvlileba xels<br />
uSlis arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis socialur<br />
integracias.<br />
unda aRiniSnos, rom kriminaluri pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis<br />
minimaluri asakis 14-dan 12 wlamde 20 Semcirebis garda<br />
mTavrobam cvlilebebi Seitana kanonSi patimrobis Sesaxeb. am<br />
cvlilebis mixedviT specialuri privilegiebi dawesda 12-14<br />
wlis samarTaldamrRvevebisaTvis sazogadoebasTan kontaqtis<br />
TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, ignorirebuli iyo 14-18 wlis patimrebis<br />
interesebi.<br />
hamiltonis (2007) azriT, saqarTvelos kriminaluri<br />
marTlmsajulebis sistema Zalian mkacria da ar akmayofilebs<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> moTxovnebs. arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis sistema ver akmayofilebs pekinis wesebSi<br />
aRweril saerTaSoriso standartebs da arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis yvelaze efeqtur politikasa da praqtikas,<br />
imis gamo, rom sistemaSi arsebobs sxvadasxva lafsusebi, Zalian<br />
advilia bavSvebis kriminalizacia. ufro metic, hamiltonis<br />
azriT arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema uaryofiT<br />
zegavlenas axdens <strong>bavSvis</strong> fsiqologiur da emociur<br />
ganviTarebaze da ver axerxebs <strong>bavSvis</strong> reabilitaciasa da<br />
socialur integracias.<br />
20 ufro meti informaciisaTvis ixileT nawili 4: <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganmarteba:<br />
sisxlissamarTlebrivi danaSaulis asaki<br />
49
- patimroba, maT Soris winaswari patimroba gamoyenebul iqnas<br />
rogorc ukiduresi zoma da rac SeiZleba mcire droiT; aseve<br />
Camoayalibdes alternatiuli zomebi, magaliTad, saTemo<br />
momsaxureba, raTa moxdes arasrulwlovanTa damnaSaveobasTan<br />
ufro efeqturi da Sesabamisi brZola:<br />
patimroba gamoiyeneba rogorc pirveli da ara rogorc<br />
yvelaze ukiduresi zoma. arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebisaTvis<br />
ar arsebobs iseTi programebi, rogoricaa saTemo servisebi.<br />
kanonebisa da nulovani tolerantobis politikis SemoRebis<br />
Semdeg, sasamarTlo sistemas CamoerTva ramdenime iuridiuli<br />
saSualeba sasjelis Sefardebis dros emoqmeda<br />
arasrulwlovani damnaSavis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT. 2006<br />
wlis ganmavlobaSi sazogadoebrivi damcvelis mier<br />
mowodebuli informaciis mixedviT, sasamarTlos mier<br />
arasrulwlovnebis mimarT ar yofila gamoyenebuli<br />
gafrTxilebis, zaralis anazRaurebis, mSoblis<br />
zedamxedvelobis qveS gamoSvebisa da TavdebobiT<br />
mzrunvelobaSi ganTavsebis SemTxvevebi, rac warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns<br />
saganmanaTleblo da samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi ganTavsebis<br />
an sxva zomebis alternativas.<br />
2007 wlis monacemebiT 243 arasrulwlovani ixdis sasjels. es<br />
cifri miuTiTebs ara arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis zrdaze,<br />
aramed saxelmwifos mier bavSvebis mimarT Zalian mkacr da<br />
Seubralebel politikaze. ufro metic, patimrobaSi myofi<br />
bavSvebis 15% ixdis sakmaod mkacr sasjels patara<br />
darRvevebisaTvis, magaliTad, 7-wliani patimroba maRaziaSi<br />
yvelisa da erTi boTli koka-kolas moparvisaTvis (informacia<br />
mogvawoda organizacia "mkurnalma"). unda aRiniSnos, rom<br />
sasjelis Sefardebis dros mosamarTleebi ar iTvaliswineben<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> asaks. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 59-e<br />
muxlSi naTqvamia, rom sasjelis Sefardeba unda moxdes<br />
calkeuli sasjelisaTvis gankuTvnili wlebis erTmaneTze<br />
damatebiT. amgvarad, Tu arasrulwlovani braleulad iqna<br />
cnobili ramdenime danaSaulSi, mosamarTlem unda daajamos<br />
sanqciebi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia mocemul Sesabamis<br />
muxlebSi Tu muxlebis nawilebSi. 545 arasrulwlovani<br />
damnaSavidan 71-s aqvs Sefardebuli 5-10 wlis patimroba, xolo<br />
13 maTgans miesaja 10-15 wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTa.<br />
amJamad 170 arasrulwlovani imyofeba winaswari dakavebis<br />
dawesebulebebSi. hamiltonis (2007) mixedviT mosamarTles<br />
SeuZlia giraos sanacvlod gaaTavisuflos bavSvi, gamouSvas<br />
igi zedamxedvelobis qveS an moaTavsos winaswar patimrobaSi.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mTavrobam axlaxans<br />
Seamcira winaswari patimrobis vada, patimroba ar gamoiyeneba<br />
rogorc ukiduresi saSualeba da maqsimalurad mcire droiT,<br />
rogorc es mocemulia <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
moTxovnebSi. winaswari patimroba aseve gamoiyeneba im<br />
50
avSvebis mimarT, romlebmac Caidines mcire danaSaulebi,<br />
magaliTad, <strong>bavSvis</strong> etlis qurdoba da taqsis mZRolisaTvis<br />
mgzavrobis safasuris gadauxdeloba. umetes SemTxvevebSi<br />
saxelmwifo ar iyenebs raime damatebiT zomebs bavSvebis<br />
winaswari patimrobis Tavidan asacileblad. hamiltonis TqmiT,<br />
winaswari patimrobis centrebi ar Seesabameba adamianis<br />
uflebebis saerTaSoriso standartebs.<br />
saxelmwifos monacemebis mixedviT 2005 wels<br />
arasrulwlovnebis winaaRmdeg aRZruli saqmeebis raodenoba<br />
samjer Semcirda 2004 welTan SedarebiT (mesame perioduli<br />
saxelmwifo angariSi, paragrafi 280). Zalian paradoqsulia,<br />
rom 290 paragrafSi mocemuli statistikuri monacemebi<br />
aCvenebs, rom 2005 wlis ganmavlobaSi Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />
dawesebulebebSi myofi bavSvebis raodenoba wina welTan<br />
SedarebiT gaizarda 84-dan 176-mde. mesame periodul angariSSi<br />
saxelmwifos mier mocemuli informacia winaaRmdegobrivi da<br />
urTierTgamomricxavia.<br />
saxelmwifo angariSSi naTqvamia, rom Tbilisis #5 qalTa<br />
koloniis teritoriaze 2005 wels aSenda arasrulwlovanTa<br />
sapatimro dawesebuleba da rom amJamad iq sasjels 119<br />
arasrulwlovani msjavrdebuli ixdis. es informacia arc Tu<br />
ise zustia, vinaidan am dawesebulebaSi ganTavsebulebi arian<br />
ara msjavrdebulebi, aramed arasrulwlovani braldebulebi.<br />
saqarTvelos patimrobis Sesaxeb kanonis 82-e muxlis<br />
Sesabamisad arasrulwlovani msjavrdebulebi specializebul<br />
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi unda ganTavsdnen. TbilisSi<br />
arsebobs aseTi dawesebuleba, romelic 75 arasrulwlovanzea<br />
gaTvlili. Tumca, amJamad am dawesebulebaSi sasjels 243<br />
msjavrdebuli ixdis.<br />
kidev erTi mniSvnelovani problema, romelic xels uSlis<br />
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s aris is,<br />
rom bevr bavSvs ar gaaCnia finansuri saSualeba daiqiraos<br />
advokati. aseT SemTxvevaSi advokatis daniSvnas saxelmwifo<br />
uzrunvelyofs. saxelmwifos mier daniSnul advokatebs ar<br />
gaaCniaT finansuri interesi Sesabamisi iuridiuli daxmareba<br />
gauwion bavSvs da xSirad aZaleben bavSvebs aRiaron<br />
danaSauli, romelic maT arc ki CaudeniaT, an aiZuleben<br />
daTanxmdnen ufro mkacr sasjelze, romelsac iTxovs<br />
prokurori. meores mxriv, arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis<br />
SemTxvevebis gamoZieba xSirad formalur xasiaTs atarebs da<br />
ar iTvaliswinebs <strong>bavSvis</strong> interesebs. Sedegad bavSvebi<br />
iZulebulebi arian moixadon Zalian mZime sasjeli im<br />
danaSaulisaTvis, romelic ar CaudeniaT an umniSvnelo<br />
darRvevisaTvis. da bolos, hamiltonis (2007) monacemebis<br />
mixedviT, bavSvebs aqvT ufleba yavdeT kanonieri<br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>neli da miiRon iuridiuli rCevebi, Tumca es<br />
51
iuristebi xSirad studentebi an axladkvalificirebuli<br />
advokatebi arian, romlebsac ar aqvT sakmarisi gamocdileba an<br />
zedamxedveloba. amgavrad, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos, rom<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis SemTxvevebis gamoZieba iyos<br />
samarTliani da obieqturi da am bavSvebs hqondeT Sesabamisi<br />
kanonieri warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlis yolis SesaZlebloba.<br />
2007 wlis dasawyisSi arasrulwlovanTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi<br />
dawesebulebis gadavsebis gamo zogierTi bavSvi gadayvanil<br />
iqna rusTavis mkacri reJimis #6 sapyrobileSi. am bavSvebis<br />
moTavseba moxda Caketil saknebSi, sadac ar hqondaT ufleba<br />
mieRoT ganaTleba, CarTuliyvnen sportul, kulturul Tu sxva<br />
aqtivobebSi. msjavrdebuli Tu aramsjavrdebuli<br />
arasrulwlovnebi erTad iyvnen ganTavsebulebi kanonis<br />
sawinaaRmdegod. es aris arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis<br />
sferoSi nulovani tolerantobis gamocxadebis Sedegi.<br />
hamiltonis (2007) mixedviT policias, prokurorsa da<br />
mosamarTles ar aqvs ufleba bavSvi samarTaldamcavi sistemis<br />
magivrad gadasces sazogadoebriv programas. aramoZalade<br />
arasrulwlovani samarTaldamrRvevebis, pirvel jerze<br />
danaSaulis Camdenebisa da ganmeorebiT mcire danaSaulis<br />
Camdeni arasrulwlovnebis ganTavseba saTemo programebSi<br />
Tavidan aicilebda sasamarTloSi bavSvebis ward<strong>ge</strong>nas mcire<br />
danaSaulisaTvis. es aseve saSualebas miscems bavSvebs icxovron<br />
sakuTar ojaxebSi da sazogadoebaSi, miiRon Sesabamisi<br />
ganaTleba da sxva saWiro daxmareba.<br />
- zomebis miReba arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebaSi CarTuli<br />
bavSvebis reabilitaciisa da socialuri integraciisaTvis, maT<br />
Soris adeqvaturi ganaTlebisa da sertificirebis<br />
uzrunvelyofa xelaxali integraciis xelSewyobis mizniT:<br />
bolo xanebSi arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulebrivi qmedebis<br />
zrdam xeli Seuwyo isedac ukve mkacri sistemis kidev ufro<br />
gamkacrebas. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis politikas, nulovani tolerantobis<br />
politikasa da kriminaluri pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis<br />
Semcirebas ukiduresad uaryofiTi Sedegi eqneba asobiT<br />
bavSvze. Tu moxdeba maTi gamoketva ganviTarebis am yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovan etapze, qarTveli mozardebi TavianT ojaxebsa da<br />
sazogadoebas daubrundebian Sesabamisi cxovrebiseuli unar-<br />
Ceevebis an nayofieri cxovrebisaTvis saWiro mxardaWeris<br />
gareSe. saerTaSoriso kvlevam aCvena, rom arasrulwlovanTa<br />
danaSaulis sapasuxod politikis gamkacrebas mohyveba biujetis<br />
zrda cixeebsa da sapyrobileebSi. kvlevam aseve aCvena, rom<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis politikis gamkacrebas xSirad<br />
Sedegad mosdevs gazrdili recidivizmi, sazogadoebis<br />
usafrTxoebis Semcireba da adamianuri kapitalis dakargva.<br />
52
- iseTi prevenciuli zomebis gaZliereba, rogoricaa ojaxebisa<br />
da sazogadoebis rolis mxardaWera arasrulwlovanTa<br />
danaSaulis prevenciisaTvis:<br />
saxelmwifos ar gautarebia arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulTan<br />
dakavSirebuli raime prevenciuli zoma. saxelmwifo bolomde<br />
ver afasebs ojaxebisa da sazogadoebis rols<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis sakiTxebSi, da rac yvelaze<br />
mTavaria, misi prevenciis kuTxiT. arasrulwlovanTa inspeqcia,<br />
erTaderTi organo, romelic pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>beli iyo bavSvebTan<br />
prevenciul saqmianobaze, policiis reformebis dros gauqmda<br />
da mis Semcvlelad ar yofila Seqmnili raime axali<br />
samTavrobo saa<strong>ge</strong>nto (hamiltoni, 2007). saxelmwifo cdilobs<br />
misi Zalisxmeva mimarTos ufro mkacri damsjeli RonisZiebebis<br />
SemoRebisaken da ara adreuli intervenciis programebis<br />
da<strong>ge</strong>gmvisaken, romelic arasrulwlovanTa danaSauls<br />
Seamcirebda. ar xdeba organizaciebis mier sazogadoebrivi<br />
programebis administrireba, romelic mimarTuli iqneboda<br />
arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis prevenciisaken. amgavrad,<br />
saxelmwifom ver moaxerxa arasrulwlovanTa politikisa da<br />
praqtikis gaumjobeseba, romelic xels Seuwyobda mozardTa<br />
ojaxebisa da sazogadoebis CarTulobaze fokusirebuli saTemo<br />
prevenciuli programebis Camoyalibebas .<br />
10.7 bavSvebi, romlebic ganekuTvnebian umciresobaTa jgufebs<br />
komiteti miesalmeba rasobrivi diskriminaciis formebis aRmofxvris<br />
Sesaxeb <strong>konvenciis</strong> ratificirebas saxelmwifos mier. komitetisaTvis<br />
cnobilia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli eTnikuri da religiuri<br />
mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb; Tumca, dRis wesrigSi mainc dgas pirdapiri<br />
Tu arapirdapiri diskriminaciisa da aratolerantobis SemTxvevebi da<br />
adeqvaturi reagirebis ararseboba, rac aRiniSna evropis sabWos<br />
rasizmisa da aratolerantobis winaaRmdeg mebrZoli komisiis mier.<br />
amgvarad, komiteti mouwodebs saxelmwifos miiRos saWiro zomebi<br />
rasizmis, qsenofobiis, diskriminaciisa da aratolerantobis winaaRmdeg,<br />
gansakuTrebiT ki im SemTxvevebSi, roca es bavSvebs exeba.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi mocemulia<br />
specifiuri regulaciebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs saqarTvelos yvela<br />
adamianisaTvis adamianuri uflebebis miniWebas eTnikuri<br />
warmomavlobis, kulturisa da sxva identobis gamo diskriminaciis<br />
gareSe, <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi umciresobebis jgufebi ver<br />
sar<strong>ge</strong>bloben im uflebiT, rogorc qarTvelebi. eTnikuri umciresobebi<br />
saqarTvelos zogierT regionSi umravlesobas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen,<br />
magaliTad, azerbaijanelebi qvemo qarTlis regionSi. Tumca,<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi ar arian warmod<strong>ge</strong>nili<br />
regionis adgilobrivi mTavrobis administraciaSi. arsebobs eTnikuri<br />
53
umciresobebis integraciis problema saqarTvelos sazogadoebaSi.<br />
eTnikuri umciresobebis bavSvebisaTvis ar aris xelmisawvdomi<br />
xarisxiani ganaTleba da sxva elementaruli momsaxureba da<br />
amavdroulad ufro daucvelebi arian siRaribisa da sxva socialuri<br />
sakiTxebis TvalsazrisiT, vidre qarTveli bavSvebi. axlaxans miRebuli<br />
iuridiuli regulaciebi, rogoricaa saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis<br />
kodeqsSi Camatebuli muxli 142 rasobrivi diskriminaciis Sesaxeb, aseve<br />
adamianis uflebebisa da erovnuli umciresobebis integraciis koncefcia<br />
da CarCo xelSekruleba umciresobebis dacvis Sesaxeb, praqtikaSi jer<br />
kidev ar xorcieldeba.<br />
11. bavSvebis monawileoba <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
alternatiuli angariSis momzadebaSi<br />
saqarTvelos arasamTavrobo organizaciaTa samuSao jgufs surs xeli<br />
Seuwyos bavSvebis Tanamonawileobasa da baSvebis uflebas Tavisuflad<br />
gamoxaton azrebi maTTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong><br />
<strong>konvenciis</strong> alternatiuli angariSis momzadebis dros arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebma gadawyvites gamoerkviaT, Tu ras fqroben bavSvebi da<br />
axalgazrdebi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb. fokus<br />
jgufebis ganxilva Catarda bavSvebis or jgufTan: (1) axalgazrda<br />
liderebTan, Tbilisis bavSvTa uflebebis centrTan moqmedi sabavSvo<br />
sabWos warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nlebTan da (2) yvelaze socialurad daucvel<br />
bavSvebTan, rogoricaa quCis bavSvebi da instituciebSi mcxovrebi<br />
mSobelTa mzrunvelobamoklebuli bavSvebi. am nawilSi moyvanili iqneba<br />
bavSvebTan Catarebuli fokus jgufis diskusiebis Sede<strong>ge</strong>bi, romelic<br />
eZRvneboda <strong>konvenciis</strong> <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>sa da <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis<br />
darRvevebs <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
11.1 saqarTvelos axalgazrda liderebi <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> Sesrulebis Sesaxeb fokus jgufis<br />
ganxilvaSi monawileobis misaRebad mowveulni iyvnen axalgazrda<br />
liderebi, 14-18 wlis axalgazrdebi. axalgazrda liderebi, romlebic<br />
monawileobas iRebdnen ganxilvaSi, warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ndnen bavSvTa sabWos.<br />
fokus jgufis fasilitatorebma axalgazrda liderebTan erTad <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
<strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> Sesabamisad ganixiles <strong>bavSvis</strong> sxvadasxva uflebebi,<br />
rogoricaa socialuro, ekonomikuri, samoqalaqo da politikuri<br />
uflebebi.<br />
fokus jgufebis monawileebs sjeraT, rom <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis dacvaze<br />
pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>beli unda iyos saxelmwifo. monawileebi fiqroben, rom<br />
bavSvebi sazogadoebis daucvel nawils warmoad<strong>ge</strong>nen, romelTac<br />
esaWiroebaT gansakuTrebuli mzrunveloba da dacva, rac unda<br />
uzrunvelyos saxelmwifom. monawileebs aseve sjeraT, rom saxelmwifo<br />
54
dainteresebuli unda iyos <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis dacviT, raTa saqarTvelos<br />
momavali Taoba jansaRi da ganaTlebuli gaizardos. da bolos,<br />
monawileebma gamoTqves imedi, rom saxelmwifo ar daiSurebs<br />
Zalisxmevas, raTa <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mcxovreb yvela bavSvs hqondes<br />
bednieri bavSvoba da ukeTesi momavlis Sansi.<br />
axalgazrda liderebma Zalian kargad Camoayalibes sxvadasxva<br />
problemebi, romelsac bavSvebi awydebian <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> da aseve<br />
isaubres im Zalisxmevis sisworeze, romelsac saxelmwifo axorcielebs<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis ganxorcielebisa da maTi elementaruli saWiroebebis<br />
dakmayofilebis mizniT. axalgazrda liderebma isaubres sxvadasxva<br />
sakiTxebze, romlis winaSec dganan bavSvebi: siRaribe, ganaTlebis<br />
nakleboba, iZulebiTi gadaadgileba, quCis cxovreba, mSoblis<br />
mzrunvelobis nakleboba da fizikuri Tu gonebrivi SezRuduloba.<br />
liderebi yvelaze meti emociiT saubrobdnen saxelmwifos mier axlaxans<br />
miRebul zomebze arasrulwlovanTa danaSaulis Sesaxeb. monawileebi<br />
fiqroben, rom iseTi agresiuli da sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis<br />
gatarebiT, rogoricaa sisxlis samarTlis pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis asakis<br />
Semcireba da Zalian mkacri sasjelis Sefardeba arasrulwlovani<br />
damnaSaveebisaTvis, bavSvebSi iwvevs saxelmwifo antagonizms da piriqiT<br />
xels uwyobs maT kriminalizacias. axalgazrda liderebs sjeraT, rom<br />
aseTi gziT saxelmwifo xels uwyobs bavSvebis socialur gariyulobas,<br />
romelic namdvilad ar warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns arasrulwlovanTa<br />
damnaSaveobasTan brZolis saSualebas. monawileebis azriT,<br />
saxelmwifom Tavisi Zalisxmeva ufro metad unda mimarTos prevenciul<br />
zomebze da alternatiuli gadaWris gzebis Camoyalibebaze, romelic<br />
mimarTuli iqneba bavSvebis socialur integraciasa da fsiqologiur<br />
reabilitaciaze.<br />
axalgazrda liderebi fiqroben, rom saxelmwifo ar mimarTavs sakmaris<br />
Zalisxmevas da ar uzrunvelyofs sakmaris resursebs bavSvebis<br />
uflebebis dasacavad da ZiriTadi saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad.<br />
monawileebs sjeraT, rom saxelmwifom unda moaxdinos misi yvela<br />
resursis mobilizeba, raTa bavSvebis saWiroebebis dasakmayofileblad<br />
Camoyalibdes Sesabamisi programebi, rogoricaa ganaTleba, jandacva,<br />
sporti da sxva kulturuli saqmianobebi, romelic aucilebelia <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
monawileebis azriT saxelmwifo ar aris sakmarisad fokusirebuli<br />
bavSvebis uflebebis dacvaze da ar moqmedebs maTi interesebis<br />
Sesabamisad. fokus jgufis wevrebs sjeraT, rom saxelmwifom unda<br />
Camoayalobos strategia, romelic mimarTuli iqneba bavSvebis<br />
keTildReobisa da maTi uflebebisa da saWiroebebis realizaciisaken.<br />
axalgazrda liderebi fiqroben, rom saxelmwifom aseTi strategiis<br />
momzadebis procesSi unda CarTos bavSvebi da amavdroulad gamoTqves<br />
mwuxareba, rom saxelmwifo ar cdilobs gaigos ras fiqroben bavSvebi<br />
maTi uflebebisa da saWiroebebis Sesaxeb. amgvarad, programebi da<br />
politika, romelic Camoyalibebulia bavSvebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani<br />
sakiTxebis irgvliv, sinamdvileSi ar pasuxobs maT realur saWiroebebs.<br />
55
monawileebma garkveviT Camoayalibes TavianTi pozicia imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom saxelmwifo ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvebis mosazrebebs maTi<br />
saWiroebebisa da maTTan dakavSirebuli sxva sakiTxebis irgvliv da rom<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> ufleba Tavisuflad gamoxatos sakuTari azri da Sexeduleba<br />
sakmaod SezRudulia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>.<br />
11.2 bavSvebi, romlebic ver axorcieleben uflebas hqondeT bednieri<br />
bavSvoba: SeumCnevlebi da daviwyebulebi<br />
fokus jgufis ganxilvaze aseve mowveulni iyvnen quCis bavSvebi da<br />
instituciebSi mcxovrebi ojaxur mzrunvelobas moklebuli bavSvebi,<br />
socialurad yvelaze metad daucveli adamianebi. fokus jgufis ganxilvis<br />
yvelaze mniSvnelovani amocana iyo esaubraT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebis<br />
yvelaze didi problemebis Sesaxeb. fokus jgufis monawileebi, quCis<br />
bavSvebi da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bavSvebi saubrobdnen<br />
arasamarTlian damokidebulebasa da socialur aratolerantulobaze,<br />
romelsac isini xvdebian yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. bavSvebis<br />
monaTxrobma aCvena, rom es bavSvebi arian SeumCnevlebi da<br />
daviwyebulni rogorc saxelmwifos, aseve sazogadoebis mier.<br />
egreT wodebuli quCis bavSvebi, fokus jgufis monawileebi saubrobdnen<br />
problemebze, romelsac yoveldRiurad awydebian. am bavSvebma skolas<br />
Tavi 7 wlis asakSi mianebes. skolisaTvis Tavis danebebis yvelaze didi<br />
mizezi is udidesi siduxWire iyo, romelsac maTi ojaxebi ganicdidnen.<br />
bavSvebs uwevdaT muSaoba an maTxovroba Oojaxebis finansuri<br />
daxmarebisaTvis. es bavSvebi ver axorcieleben TavianT uflebas<br />
ganaTlebasa da usafrTxo da jansaR bavSvobaze da erTaderTi, rasac<br />
Rebuloben sazogadoebisagan, stigma da uaryofiTi damokidebulebaa.<br />
quCis bavSvebi saubrobdnen maT gamocdilebaze policiis uxeSobasTan<br />
dakavSirebiT. monawileTa umravlesoba konfliqtSi imyofeboda<br />
kanonTan. bavSvebs xSirad apatimrebdnen mcire danaSaulisaTvis, maT<br />
Soris maRaziidan sakvebis moparvis gamo. monawileebma erTmaneTs<br />
gauziares patimrobis dros policiis mier fizikuri da emociuri<br />
Seuracxyofis gamocdileba. bavSvebs xSirad aiZulebdnen eRiarebinaT<br />
danaSauli, romelic ar CaudeniaT an sastikad cemdnen policiis<br />
TanamSromlebi sxvadasxva danaSaulze waswrebis dros.<br />
monawileebma gamoTqves sinanuli, rom saxelmwifo <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebis<br />
dacvas ver axerxebs. bavSvebma ar ician wera da kiTxva, ver Rebuloben<br />
ganaTlebas, jandacvisa Tu bevr sxva momsaxurebas, romelic aqvs sxva<br />
ukeTes mdgomareobaSi myof qarTul ojaxs. es bavSvebi gariyulebi<br />
arian elementaruli momsaxurebis miRebis SesaZleblobidan, romelic<br />
maT esaWiroebaT Sesabamisi fizikuri da fsiqologiuri<br />
ganviTarebisaTvis.<br />
da bolos, monawileebi saubrobdnen quCaSi gasvlis mizezebze. saubris<br />
dros gamovlinda, rom siRaribe yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtoria maT<br />
56
mier skolis mitovebisa da gadarCenis mizniT quCaSi gasvlisaTvis.<br />
bavSvebma daadastures, rom maT ar hqondaT sxva arCevani garda imisa,<br />
rom unda ezrunaT sakuTar Tavsa da ojaxebze. Sedegad, bavSvebi<br />
CaerTnen quCis cxovrebaSi da amgvarad ver axorcieleben maT uflebas<br />
miiRon ganaTleba da hqondeT jansaRi da usafrTxo bavSvoba.<br />
12. regionaluri arasamTavrobo organizaciebis monawileoba<br />
<strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis alternatiuli<br />
angariSis momzadebaSi<br />
winamdebare alternatiuli angariSi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns saqarTvelos<br />
dedaqalaqsa da sxvadasxva regionebSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis mosazrebas. erovnuli da saerTaSoriso<br />
organizaciebidan dakompleqtebuli samuSao jgufi oTxi regionuli<br />
organizaciisagan Sed<strong>ge</strong>ba, romelic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva<br />
teritoriaze moqmedebs. samuSao jgufis mizani iyo alternatiuli<br />
angariSis ufro monawileobiTi principiT momzadeba. am mizniT Catarda<br />
ganxilvebi mrgvali magidis irgvliv aRmosavleT da dasavleT<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi organizaciebis monawileobiT. amgvarad ufro<br />
met regionalur organizacias hqonda SesaZlebloba gamoeTqva Tavisi<br />
mosazreba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
<strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>sTan dakavSirebiT.<br />
regionalur organizaciebTan ganxilvebis dros gamovlinda, rom<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> ar xdeba sakmarisi Zalisxmevis mimarTva <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
<strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebisaken. regionaluri organizaciebis<br />
azriT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bevri socialurad daucveli <strong>bavSvis</strong> mdgomareoba<br />
jer kidev sagangaSoa. regionalur organizaciebTan ganxilvis dros<br />
aseve gamovlinda, rom <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bevr socialurad daucvel bavSvs<br />
jer kidev ar aqvs saSualeba miiRos elementaruli momsaxureba,<br />
rogoricaa jandacva da ganaTleba. arasamTavrobo organizaciebma aseve<br />
gamoTqves TavianTi uaryofiTi mosazreba nulovani tolerantobis<br />
politikis Sesaxeb, romelic ar iZleva bavSvebis reabilitaciis da<br />
sazogadoebaSi reintegraciis saSualebas. organizaciebis rekomendacia<br />
iyo, rom saxelmwifom Camoayalibos bavSvsa da ojaxze orientirebuli<br />
socialuri dacvis sistema, romelic yovel bavSvs uzrunvelyofs<br />
elementaruli socialuri momsaxurebiT. da bolos, organizaciebi<br />
saxelmwifos mouwodeben SeimuSaos Tavisuflebis aRkveTis<br />
alternatiuli programa arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebisaTvis.<br />
mrgvali magidis ganxilvebSi monawile regionaluri organizaciebi<br />
aRniSnaven, rom saxelmwifos mier bavSvebis uflebebisa da<br />
saWiroebebisaken mimarTuli Zalisxmeva arasakmarisia. arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciebis azriT kidev erT problemas warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns samTavrobo<br />
politikis interpretacia. ufro konkretulad, aq saubaria im miznebsa da<br />
amocanebze, romelic mocemulia sxvadasxva samTavrobo politikasa da<br />
strategiaSi, rogoricaa EDPRPP da romelic praqtikaSi jer ar<br />
57
ganxorcielebula. regionuli organizaciebis azriT saxelmwifos<br />
strategiebsa da politikaSi mocemul miznebs da amocanebs saxelmwifos<br />
mier gamoyofili resursebi xSirad ar Seesabameba. amgvarad,<br />
organizaciebi Tvlian, rom bavSvebis saWiroebebi da uflebebi<br />
sakmarisad ar aris prioritizirebuli <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> arsebuli sajaro<br />
dafinansebis sistemis farglebSi. da bolos, organizaciebma ganacxades,<br />
rom saxelmwifom unda gaagrZelos saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis<br />
gadaxedva da uzrunvelyos misi Sesabamisoba saerTaSoriso<br />
standartebTan, romelic Camoyalibebulia <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong><br />
konvenciaSi.<br />
13. rekomendaciebi<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebis samuSao jgufis mignebebis analizis<br />
Sedegad gamovlinda, rom bavSvebis uflebebi da saWiroebebi amJamad ar<br />
gvevlineba saxelmwifos politikuri dRis wesrigis prioritetad.<br />
garkveuli miRwevebi SeiniSneba bavSvTa keTildReobis sistemis<br />
reformis TvalsazrisiT, magram progresi mainc imdenad umniSvneloa<br />
rom kvlav SeumCneveli rCeba saqarTvelos yvelaze socialurad<br />
daucveli bavSvebis mier. <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebis mdgomareoba kvlav<br />
rTulia. bavSvTa keTildReobis reforma saWiroebs saguldagulo<br />
gadaxedvas politikisa da xelmisawvdomobis gaumjobesebis mizniT.<br />
Tumca, saqarTvelos socialuri politika da programa bavSvebze<br />
sakmarisad orientirebuli ar aris. saqarTvelos bavSvebis situaciis<br />
analizis safuZvelze samuSao jgufi iZleva Semdeg rekomendaciebs:<br />
- politikur dRis wesrigze bavSvebis dayeneba umTavres<br />
prioritetad: samuSao jgufis mier Catarebuli analizis<br />
safuZvelze gamovlinda, rom bavSvTa uflebebi sakmarisad ar aris<br />
asaxuli dokumentSi <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> mimdinare ekonomikuri da<br />
socialuri politikis Sesaxeb. amgvarad, samuSao jgufis<br />
rekomendaciaa saxelmwifom socialuri da ekonomikuri<br />
ganviTarebis dRis wesrigSi prioriteti bavSvebis saWiroebebsa da<br />
uflebebs mianiWos<br />
- adgilobrivi mTavrobisaTvis ufro meti uflebamosilebis<br />
delegireba bavSvebze zrunvis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT:<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebze zrunvis sistema Zalian centralizebulia.<br />
saqarTvelos raionebis adgilobrivi mTavroba ar aris<br />
uflebamosili Tavad izrunos bavSvebis saWiroebebze. ufro meti<br />
uflebamosilebis gadacema adgilobrivi TviTTmarTvelobis<br />
struqturebisaTvis mniSvnelovnad daaCqarebs im araerTi sakiTxis<br />
mogvarebas, romelic awuxebT saqarTvelos bavSvebs.<br />
- ufro meti resursebis gamoyofa <strong>bavSvis</strong> uflebebisa da<br />
saWiroebebis realizaciisaTvis: <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bolo dros<br />
mimdinare swraf ekonomikur ganviTarebas ar hqonia raime<br />
58
zegavlena bavSvebisa da sxva socialurad daucveli jgufebis<br />
situaciis gaumjobesebis kuTxiT. <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong><br />
moTxovnebis realizacia mniSvnelovan finansur resursebs<br />
saWiroebs; amgvarad, saxelmwifom unda moaxdinos bavSvebis<br />
saWiroebebis yvelaze did prioritetad dasaxva sajaro<br />
dafinansebis sistemisaTvis.<br />
- bavSvebis CarTva socialuri dacvis sistemaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki<br />
saganmanaTleblo da jandacvis seqtorebSi: imisaTvis, rom yvela<br />
bavSvi iyos ganaTlebuli, janmrTeli da cxovrobdes usafrTxo<br />
garemoSi, saxelmwifom unda gaaZlieros yvelaze metad gariyuli<br />
da daucveli bavSvebis socialuri dacva. amgvarad Semcirdeba<br />
bavSvebis daucveloba siRaribisa da sxva socialuri problemebis<br />
kuTxiT.<br />
- kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebis socialuri reintegraciis<br />
xelSewyoba TavianT ojaxebSi da sazogadoebaSi: saqarTvelos<br />
arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistemam ver moaxerxa<br />
bavSvebis fsiqologiuri da emociuri gamojansaRebis xelSewyoba.<br />
saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi axlaxans Setanili<br />
cvlilebebi da nulovani tolerantobis politika xels uwyobs<br />
bavSvebis kriminalizaciasa da maT socialur gariyulobas.<br />
arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebisaTvis ufro mkacri sasjelebis<br />
SemoRebas Sedegad moyveba cixeebisa da sapyrobileebis biujetis<br />
gazrda, xolo ufro mogvianebiT SeuZlebeli gaxdeba amis<br />
anazRaureba adamianuri potencialis dakargviT. saxelmwifom unda<br />
gaaumjobesos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis politika da<br />
misi gamoyeneba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, aseve gaiTvaliswinos<br />
Tavisuflebis aRkveTis zomebis alternativebis Camoyalibeba.<br />
saxelmwifom aseve unda uzrunvelyos arasrulwlovanTa<br />
marTlmsajulebis sistemis Sesabamisoba saerTaSoriso<br />
standartebTan. ufro konkretulad rom iTqvas, saxelmwifom unda<br />
Camoayalibos arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis sistema,<br />
romelic uzrunvelyofs arasrulwlovanTa pasuxism<strong>ge</strong>blobis<br />
zrdas da am procesSi maTi ojaxebisa da sazogadoebis<br />
CarTulobas, xels Seuwyobs maT reabilitacias, ar dauSvebs<br />
arasrulwlovanTa kriminalizacias Tu socialur gariyulobas.<br />
59
14. gamoyenebuli literatura<br />
1. Esadze, L. (2007). Views about the Relevance of the Child Welfare Code. “EU<br />
Support to Child Welfare Reform Project, Georgia.”<br />
2. The Future (2002). Monitoring and Categorization of Street Children and<br />
Creation of the Registration System: Case Study. UNICEF: Tbilisi.<br />
3. Government of Georgia (2007). Draft World Fit for Children: “Plus 5” Review of<br />
2002 UNGA Special Session on Children. National Progress Report, Georgia:<br />
Tbilisi.<br />
4. Government of Georgia (2007). Implementation of the Convention on the Rights<br />
of the Child: Third Periodic Report. Georgia: Tbilisi<br />
5. Hamilton (2007). Analysis of Juvenile Justice System in Georgia. UNICEF<br />
Georgia CO: Tbilisi. Retrieved from the World Wide Web:<br />
http://www.unicef.org<br />
6. Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights & Institute for Policy Studies (2006).<br />
Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Georgia: An Assessment of Current<br />
Standings of Law and Practice Regarding Domestic Violence and Child Abuse<br />
in Georgia, and Recommendations for Future United Nations Country Team<br />
Involvement. UN Country Team of Georgia: Tbilisi<br />
7. Natsvlishvili, E. (2007). Draft Baseline Data Analysis: Referrals to Residential<br />
Care and Social Services for Children 2004-2007. EC-TACIS “EU Support to<br />
Child Welfare Reform Project, Georgia.”<br />
8. Natsvlishvili, E. (2006). Mapping of Child Care Services in Georgia: September-<br />
October, 2006. EC-TACIS “EU Support to Child Welfare Reform Project,<br />
Georgia.”<br />
9. Newman, C. (2007). Comments to the Law of Georgia on Social Assistance of<br />
December 29, 2006. EC-TACIS “EU Support to Child Welfare Reform<br />
Project, Georgia.”<br />
10. SDS (2004). Child Labour in Georgia. UNDP/ILO Project: Reporting on the<br />
State of the Nation’s Working Children: Child Labour Survey Module of<br />
Georgia, Georgia: Tbilisi<br />
11. UNICEF & Children of Georgia (2007). Report on the “Assessment for Social<br />
Inclusion: 2007,” Georgia: Tbilisi<br />
12. United Nations (1990). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Adopted by the<br />
General Assembly Resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989. Retrieved from<br />
the World Wide Web: http://www.ohchr.org/law/crc.htm<br />
13. United Nations (1985). United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the<br />
Administration of Juvenile Justice (“The Beijing Rules”), the Resolution of<br />
UN General Assembly 40/33, November 29, 1985 paragraph 4.1. Retrieved<br />
from the World Wide Web:<br />
http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_comp48.htm<br />
14. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (2003). Consideration of Reports<br />
Submitted by State Parties Under Article 44 of the Convention: Concluding<br />
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child: Georgia. 34 th<br />
Plenary Session: Geneva<br />
15. UNDP (2006). Human Development Report 2006. UNHQ: NY<br />
16. World Bank (2005). Millennium Development Goals: Progress and Prospects in<br />
Europe and Central Asia. World Bank: Washington, D.C.<br />
60
15. danarTi 1<br />
samuSao jgufis monawile <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedi qarTuli da<br />
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi<br />
organizaciebis CamonaTvali<br />
1. saqarTvelos bavSvebi www.childrenof<strong>ge</strong>orgia.org<br />
organizaciis misias warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns profesionaluri fsiqologiuri<br />
daxmarebis gaweva qarTveli bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis.<br />
organizaciis umTavresi mizana xarisxiani kvlevis Catareba,<br />
samkurnalo momsaxurebis gaweva bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis,<br />
konsultaciebi, politikis Camoyalibeba, saganmanaTleblo da<br />
profesionaluri ganviTarebis trenin<strong>ge</strong>bis Catareba<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciebisaTvis, sazogadoebisa da<br />
samTavrobo struqturebisaTvis da organizaciis misiis Sesabamisi<br />
codnis gaziareba.<br />
2. `evriCaildi~ saqarTvelo www.everychild.<strong>ge</strong>;<br />
www.everychild.org.uk<br />
`evriCaildi~ warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns uflebebze momuSave organizacias,<br />
romlis saTao ofisi mdebareobs gaerTianebul samefoSi, xolo<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> moqmedebs misi warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba. mTavrobasa da<br />
sazogadoebasTan TanamSromlobiT organizacia xels uwyobs<br />
bavSvze zrunvis reformis <strong>ganxorcieleba</strong>s da Tavisi wvlili<br />
Seaqvs socialuri momsaxurebis qselis CamoyalibebaSi<br />
socialurad daucveli bavSvebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis.<br />
`evriCaildi‟ iyo erT-erTi pirveli organizacia <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />
romelmac qveyanaSi ganaviTara ojaxze da sazogadoebaze<br />
dafuZnebuli bavSvze mzunvelobis alternatiul meqanizmebi.<br />
`evriCaildis~ mier 1998 wlidan ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis<br />
Sede<strong>ge</strong>bma aCvena, rom ojaxebis mxardaWera TavianT Svilebze<br />
mzrunvelobis dros, aseve bavSvze zrunvis ojaxur garemoze<br />
dafuZnebuli alternativebi, rogoricaa Sveilobiloba, meurveoba<br />
da naTesaobrivi mzrunveloba xels uwyobs bavSvebis ojaxebSi<br />
SenarCunebas da maTi WeSmariti interesebis dacvas;.<br />
3. federacia „gadavarCinoT bavSvebi‟, saqarTvelos ofisi<br />
www.savethechildren.org<br />
federacia „gadavarCinoT bavSvebi‟ damoukidebeli organizaciaa,<br />
romelic cdilobs Secvalos bavSvebis cxovreba rogorc amerikis<br />
61
SeerTebul StatebSi, aseve msoflios sxva qveynebSi. federacia<br />
„gadavarCinoT bavSvebis‟ a.S.S ofisi warmoad<strong>ge</strong>ns federacia<br />
„gadavarCinoT bavSvebis‟ saerTaSoriso aliansis da msoflios 110-<br />
ze met qveyanaSi moqmedi bavSvebis keTildReobasa da dacvaze<br />
momuSave federacia „gadavarCinoT bavSvebis‟ 27 damoukidebeli<br />
ofisis globaluri qselis nawils..<br />
federacia „gadavarCinoT bavSvebis‟ a.S.S-s ofisma <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba 1993 wels Camoayaliba da mas Semdeg<br />
saqarTvelos ofisi warmatebiT axorcielebs proeqtebs sxvadasxva<br />
sferoebSi, rogoricaa socialuri ganviTareba, jandacva,<br />
ganaTleba da samoqalaqo sazogadoeba. federacia „gadavarCinoT<br />
bavSvebs‟ aqvs warmomad<strong>ge</strong>nloba saqarTvelos ramdenime regionSi,<br />
maT Soris afxazeTSi, xolo ofisebi aqvs quTaisSi, baTumsa da<br />
soxumSi. Cveni mizania ganurCvelad davicvaT bavSvebi zianisagan,<br />
xeli SevuwyoT maT ganviTarebas da asakis Sesabamis ganviTarebasa<br />
da ganaTlebas, uzrunvelvyoT maTi janmrTeloba da kargi<br />
aRzrda-ganviTareba ekonomkurad Zlier ojaxebSi, raTa xeli<br />
SevuwyoT maT cxovrebaSi xangrZlivmoqmedi cvlilebis miRwevas.<br />
4. guriis axalgazrduli resurs centri (GYRC)<br />
guriis axalgazrduli resurs centri arasamTavrobo<br />
axalgazrduli organizaciaa, romelic 2002 wels Camoyalibda.<br />
organizaciis wevrebs gaaCniaT sul mcire 14-wliani gamocdileba<br />
arasamTavrobo seqtorSi. organizacia mdebareobs ozur<strong>ge</strong>TSi,<br />
guriis regionSi, saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, Savi<br />
zRvis piras. guriis axalgazrduli resurs centris daniSnulebaa<br />
daicvas bavSvTa uflebebi, uzrunvelyos axalgazrdebis aqtiuri<br />
CarTuloba demokratiis ganviTarebis procesebSi da xeli<br />
Seuwyos axalgazrdebis socialur, ekonomikur, kulturul,<br />
janmrTelobisa da saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi.<br />
5. saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da medicinis<br />
ganviTarebis fondi (PHMDF) info@phmdf.<strong>ge</strong><br />
fondi arasamTavrobo organizaciaa, romelic Camoyalibda 1999<br />
wels da misi misiaa saqarTvelos bavSvebis dacva Zaladobisagan<br />
da maTTvis iseT garemoSi cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa, romelic<br />
xels Seuwyobs maTi, rogorc sazogadoebis srulfasovani<br />
wevrebis Camoyalibebas. am misiis Sesasruleblad organizacia<br />
xels uwyobs bavSvebis dacvas Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva<br />
regionebSi. organizacia cdilobs gaicnos saerTaSoriso<br />
gamocdileba, moaxdinos misi adaptireba saqarTvelos realobaze<br />
da Semdeg SesTavazos igi saxelmwifos, rogorc aprobirebuli<br />
modeli. aseve fondis mizania saxelmwifos politikur dRis<br />
wesrigze daayenos bavSvebis mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxis gadaWra.<br />
garda amisa, fondi muSaobs sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebaze<br />
da arsebuli stigmisa da stereotipebis Secvlaze.<br />
62
6. bavSvi da garemo, www.childandenvironment.org.<strong>ge</strong><br />
arasamTavrobo organizacia "bavSvi da garemo" 1995 wels<br />
Camoyalibda. misi daniSnulebaa fizikuri da fsiqologiuri<br />
daxmarebis gaweva saqarTvelos bavSvebisaTvis. organizaciis<br />
mizania daicvas bavSvTa uflebebi, gansakuTrebiT ki iseTi<br />
bavSvebis, romlebic moklebulni arian mSoblis mzrunvelobas,<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebi, quCis bavSvebi da iZulebiT<br />
gadaadgilebuli bavSvebi. "bavSvi da garemo" aseve cdilobs<br />
daexmaros socialurad yvelaze metad daucvel bavSvebs miiRon<br />
xarisxiani ganaTleba da sxva saWiro momsaxureba da xeli Seuwyos<br />
yvelaze gariyuli bavSvebis integracias sazogadoebaSi.<br />
7. asociacia “mkurnali”<br />
asociacia mkurnali humanitaruli arasamTavrobo organizaciaa,<br />
romelic 2000 wels Camoyalibda. organizaciis daniSnulebaa<br />
daexmaros "quCis bavSvebs" da kanonTan konfliqtSi myof bavSvebs.<br />
mkurnali bavSvebs uzrunvelyofs sakvebiTa da sxva saxis<br />
daxmarebiT maTi elementaruli saWiroebebis dakmayofilebis<br />
mizniT. organizaciis yvelaze didi prioriteti bavSvebisaTvis<br />
iuridiuli da socialuri daxmarebis gawevaa, rogoricaa<br />
profesiuli treningi, iuridiuli daxmareba samarTaldamcavebTan<br />
urTierTobis dros da arasrulwlovani damnaSaveebis daxmareba<br />
penitenciur dawesebulebebSi.<br />
8. pediatrTa da ojaxis eqimTa asociacia "klaritasi XXI"<br />
klaritasi XXI arasamTavrobo organizaciaa, romelic<br />
Camoyalibda 1997 wels bavSvebis uflebebis dacvis, maTTvis<br />
saWiro daxmarebis gawevisa da ojaxebis keTildReobis<br />
uzrunvelsayofad. organizacia nebayoflobiT wevrobazea<br />
dafuZnebuli da Tavis misias qarTveli da saerTaSoriso<br />
donorebis daxmarebiT axorcielebs. klaritasi XXI cdilobs<br />
uzrunvelyos qalebisa da bavSvebis janmrTelobis maRali done<br />
rogorc <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>, aseve mTels kavkasiaSi, jandacvis<br />
momsaxurebis mimwodeblebTan, mTavrobasTan, parlamentTan,<br />
donorebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan muSaobis gziT, rac<br />
miznad isaxavs Tanamedrove da ojaxze orientirebuli praqtikis<br />
prevenciuli janmrTelobis qcevaSi gamoyenebas. klaritasi<br />
cdilobs daicvas yvela <strong>bavSvis</strong> interesi maTi dedebisaTvis,<br />
bavSvebisa da ojaxis sxva wevrebisaTvis usafrTxo da adeqvaturi<br />
jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebiT ara mxolod <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>,<br />
aramed yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva qveynebSic.<br />
9. saqarTvelos axalgazrda iurisTa asociacia (GYLA), www.gyla.<strong>ge</strong><br />
63
saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia (saia)<br />
arasamTavrobo organizaciaa, romlis mizania adamianis<br />
uflebebisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacva. organizacia icavs<br />
saqarTvelos konstitucias, kanonmdeblobasa da mis moTxovnebs<br />
saqarTvelos mTels teritoriaze. asociacia wevrobaze<br />
dafuZnebuli organizaciaa. misi mizania xeli Seuwyos kanonis<br />
uzenaesobas, daicvas adamianis uflebebi da ZiriTadi<br />
Tavisuflebebi, gazardos sazogadoebis cnobierebis done<br />
kanonTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze, xeli Seuwyos profesional<br />
iuristTa Soris profesionaluri eTikis normebis danergvas,<br />
iuristTa unar-Cvevebisa da kompetenciis Camoyalibebas da<br />
sakanonmdeblo bazis Seqmnas samoqalaqo sazogadoebisaTvis.<br />
10. samoqalaqo ganaTlebis centri “gaia”<br />
samoqalaqo ganaTlebis centri "gaia" arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciaa, romelic 1994 wels Camoyalibda. organizaciis<br />
mizania ekologiuri ganaTlebis Camoyalibeba da misi<br />
popularizacia formaluri da araformaluri sistemiT; cxovrebis<br />
jansaRi wesis xelSewyoba da informaciis gavrceleba <strong>bavSvis</strong><br />
janmrTlobaze garemos zegavlenis Sesaxeb; samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTlebisa da <strong>bavSvis</strong> <strong>uflebaTa</strong> <strong>konvenciis</strong> ganxorcielebis<br />
xelSewyoba <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong>; sazogadoebis informireba<br />
garemosdacviT sakiTxebze da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis<br />
xelSewyoba regionuli ganviTarebis programebSi.<br />
11. unarSezRuduli bavSvi, ojaxi, sazogadoeba, www.itic.org.<strong>ge</strong><br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvi, ojaxi, sazogadoeba aris cerebruli<br />
damblis mqone bavSvebis mSoblebis gaerTianeba. es aris<br />
arapolitikuri arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelic 1997 wels<br />
Camoyalibda. cerebruli damblis mqone bavSvebis mSoblebi<br />
gaerTiandnen, raTa erTad gadaeWraT saerTo problemebi. amJamad<br />
asociacias hyavs 8 aqtiuri wevri da 50 moxalise, aseve 879<br />
registrirebuli bavSvi. organizaciis wevrebi muSaoben<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebis problemebze da aseve socialurad<br />
daucveli mosaxleobis problemebze, romelic maT <strong>saqarTveloSi</strong><br />
eqmnebaT. organizaciis mizania xeli Seuwyos UunarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebis integracias, maTi ojaxebis daxmarebas, UunarSezRuduli<br />
bavSvebis CarTulobas saganmanaTleblo saqmianobasa da sxva<br />
servisebSi da sazogadoebis damokidebulebis Secvlas<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebis mimarT.<br />
12. pediatrebisa da neonatolo<strong>ge</strong>bis kavSiri "alternativa"<br />
kavSiri "alternativa" TerapevtTa, ufro konkretulad ki<br />
neonatologTa da pediatrTa profesiuli gaerTianebaa, romelic<br />
jandacvis momsaxurebiT uzrunvelyofs bavSvebsa da dedebs da<br />
xels uwyobs maTi uflebebis dacvas. donor organizaciebTan da<br />
64
samTavrobo saa<strong>ge</strong>ntoebTan TanamSromlobiT kavSirma Camoayaliba<br />
meTodologiuri rekomendaciebi/gaidlainebi da protokolebi.<br />
kavSiri "alternativa" aseve monawileobda<br />
deinstitucionalizaciis mxardamWer proeqtSi. am proeqtis<br />
farglebSi kavSirma monawileoba miiRo socialuri<br />
muSakebisaTvis meTodologiuri rekomendaciebis SemuSavebaSi<br />
bavSvze mzrunvelobisa da <strong>bavSvis</strong> ganviTarebis kuTxiT.<br />
13. cixis saerTaSoriso reforma (PRI), www.pri.<strong>ge</strong><br />
cixis saerTaSoriso reforma (PRI) saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo<br />
organizaciaa, romelic muSaobs penitenciuri da sisxlis<br />
samarTlis marTlmsajulebis reformaze mTeli msoflios<br />
masStabiT. PRI cdilobs xeli Seuwyos penitenciur reformas<br />
saerTaSoriso adamianis uflebebis instrumentebis ganviTarebiT<br />
da ganxorcielebiT samarTaldamcavi da cixis pirobebis mimarT;<br />
arasamarTliani da araeTikuri diskrminaciis aRmofxvra<br />
penitenciur dawesebulebebSi; msoflioSi patimrobis, rogorc<br />
sadamsjelo RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Semcireba; konstruqciuli<br />
sanqciebis gamoyeneba, romelic ar iTvaliswinebs Tavisuflebis<br />
aRkveTas, xels uwyobs samarTaldamrRvevebis socialur<br />
integracias, magram amavdroulad iTvaliswinebs msxverplis<br />
interesebs. organizacia muSaobs penitenciuri reformis<br />
aqtivistebTan, arasamTavrobo organizaciebsa da mTavrobasTan,<br />
aseve mTavrobaTaSoris organizaciebTan, rogoricaa<br />
gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia. samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan<br />
muSaoba PRI programis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. amgvarad, PRI<br />
aqtiurad uwyobs xels samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ufro farTo<br />
CarTulobas sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis reformaSi.<br />
14. asociacia aTinaTi - zugdidi, www.atinati.org<br />
asociacia aTinaTi arasamTavrobo organizaciaa, romelic 1995<br />
wels Camoyalibda da misi misiaa samoqalaqo sazogadoebis<br />
ganaTlebisa da ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. organizaciis mizania<br />
daexmaros saqarTvelos socialurad daucvel mosaxleobas.<br />
aTinaTi aris asociacia, romelic aerTianebs sxvadasxva sferos<br />
profesionalebs, rogoricaa kvalificiuri maswavleblebi da<br />
Jurnalistebi. aTinaTs hyavs 5 moxalise, amaTgan erT-erTi<br />
polonelia (evropis moxaliseTa organizacia).<br />
15. bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis uflebebis dacvis asociacia - gori<br />
bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis uflebebis dacvis asociacia<br />
arapolitikuri, arasamTavrobo, aramom<strong>ge</strong>biani moxaliseobrivi<br />
organizaciaa, romelic 1999 wlis 1 ivniss daarsda gorSi.<br />
asociacia dafuZnebuli iyo goris moswavleebisa da studentebis<br />
mier. asociaciis sabWo (Semdgari xuTi wevrisgan) iRebs ZiriTad<br />
gadawyvetilebebs organizaciis saqmianobis Sesaxeb. amJamad<br />
asociaciaSi gaerTianebulia 400-mde moswavle da 35 wlamde<br />
65
axalgazrda. asociaciis mizania daicvas bavSvebis da<br />
axalgazrdebis uflebebi da misces maT saSualeba gamoavlinon<br />
sakuTari talanti da SesaZleblobebi, aseve daimkvidron adgili<br />
sazogadoebaSi. organizaciis amocanaa xeli Seuwyos<br />
TanamSromlobas axalgazrdebsa da bavSvebs Soris, samoqalaqo<br />
ganaTlebis ganviTarebasa da bavSvebis inteleqtualuri da<br />
kulturuli donis amaRlebas.<br />
16. bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis saqalaqo centri<br />
bavSvTa uflebebis dacvis saqalaqo centris daniSnulebaa daicvas<br />
TbilisSi mcxovrebi bavSvebis uflebebi. qalaqis centri TbilisSi<br />
mcxovreb socialurad daucvel bavSvebs sTavazobs socialur,<br />
iuridiul da fsiqologiur daxmarebas. saqalaqo centri aseve<br />
xels uwyobs bavSvebis monawileobas mniSvnelovan sakiTxebSi.<br />
saqalaqo centrSi moqmedi bavSvTa sabWo axorcielebs<br />
<strong>saqarTveloSi</strong> bavSvebis saWiroebebisa da specifikuri<br />
problemebis gadaWraze mimarTul proeqtebs. bavSvTa sabWos mier<br />
ganxorcielebuli ramdenime proeqti mimarTuli iyo<br />
unarSezRuduli bavSvebis, mSoblis mzrunvelobas moklebuli da<br />
quCis bavSvebis saWiroebebisa da uflebebisaken.<br />
17. konstituciis 42-e muxli, www.article42.<strong>ge</strong><br />
kavSiri "konstituciis 42-e muxli" arasamTavrobo, arapolitikuri,<br />
adamianis uflebebis dacvaze momuSave organizaciaa, romelic<br />
daarsda 1997 wels. organizaciis wevrebi arian profesionali<br />
iuristebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen ufaso iuridiul daxmarebas<br />
da sasamarTlosa da sxva saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi gamodian<br />
adamianis uflebebis darRvevis msxverplTa dasacavad.<br />
organizaciis misiaa xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi kanonis uzenaesobis<br />
Camoyalibebas adamianis uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso<br />
standartebis ganviTarebiT da sazogadoebis informirebiT.<br />
organizaciis mizania gariyuli da socialurad daucveli<br />
jgufebisaTvis, maT Soris religiuri da eTnikuri<br />
umciresobebisaTvis xelmisawvdomi gaxados marTlmsajuleba da<br />
xeli Seuwyos qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis Camoyalibebas<br />
adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis informirebis<br />
meSveobiT.<br />
18. demokratiis instituti, baTumi<br />
baTumis demokratiis institutis misiaa xeli Seuwyos da<br />
gaaZlieros samoqalaqo Tanasworobis principebi, qveyanaSi<br />
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mSeneblobis mizniT. instituti<br />
iTvaliswinebs zemoxsenebuli principebis realizacias, maT Soris<br />
adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis xelSewyobas, saxelmwifo<br />
organoebis saqmianobis monitorings, maTi saqmianobis<br />
gaumjobesebasa da sistemis Camoyalibebas. demokratiis instituti<br />
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eZiebs gzebs, raTa wvlili Seitanos saarCevno procedurebSi misi<br />
gamWvirvalobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT da daexmaros moqalaqeebs<br />
gaxdnen ufro aqtiurebi sakuTari uflebebisa da interesebis<br />
dasacavad da daicvan socialurad daucveli jgufebis<br />
konstituciuri uflebebi.<br />
19. kavSiri "safari"<br />
kavSiri safaris daniSnulebaa xeli Seuwyos ojaxuri Zaladobis<br />
aRmofxvras da ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplTa fsiqologiur da<br />
samedicino reabilitacias. kavSiris miznebia fsiqologiuri da<br />
samedicino daxmareba gauwios ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverplebs,<br />
TavSesafriT uzrunvelyos travmirebuli qalebi, daxmareba<br />
gauwios moZaladeebs agresiis kontrolis swavlebiT, Cautaros<br />
profesionalebs treningi ojaxur Zaladobaze muSaobis Sesaxeb,<br />
xeli Seuwyos ojaxuri Zaladobis Tavidan acilebas ojaxuri<br />
Zaladobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebiT.<br />
20. igp qalTa asociacia "Tanxmoba", www.idpwa.org.<strong>ge</strong><br />
igp qalTa asociacia "Tanxmoba" 1994 wlis Semdeg muSaobs rogorc<br />
moxaliseTa jgufi. organizacia muSaobs demokratiuli<br />
sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis, igp qalebis daxmarebis kuTxiT, raTa<br />
Seuqmnas maT xelsayreli garemo socialur da politikur<br />
cxovrebaSi Tanabari pirobebiT monawileobis misaRebad,<br />
miuxedavad maTi ekonomikuri, socialuri da politikuri<br />
statusisa. organizaciis daniSnulebaa uzrunvelyos qalebi da<br />
axalgazrdebi araformaluri ganaTlebiT, gauwios fsiqosocialuri<br />
reabilitacia travmirebul bavSvebsa da qalebs,<br />
daicvas igp-Ta uflebebi da <strong>ge</strong>nderuli Tanasworoba.<br />
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