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485 giorgi gociriZe, nino RambaSiZe qarTuli tradiciuli sufris liturgiuli ...

485 giorgi gociriZe, nino RambaSiZe qarTuli tradiciuli sufris liturgiuli ...

485 giorgi gociriZe, nino RambaSiZe qarTuli tradiciuli sufris liturgiuli ...

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<strong>485</strong><br />

<strong>giorgi</strong> <strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> <strong>RambaSiZe</strong><br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> <strong>liturgiuli</strong> buneba,<br />

sadideblebi da salxino sagaloblebi<br />

ar viqnebiT originalurni, Tu vityviT, rom musika <strong>tradiciuli</strong><br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> organuli da ganuyofeli nawilia. sufruli simRerebi<br />

da garToba-TamaSobani sityvakazmulobis verbalur mxareebTan<br />

erTad satrapezo urTierTobis sistemas qmnian. <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong><br />

fesvebi uZvelesi rwmena-warmodgenebiTaa nasazrdoebi da imavdroulad<br />

musikaluri Tanxlebis raobis ganmsazRvrelia. <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong><br />

fenomens mravalma mkvlevarma miapyro yuradReba da misi sxvadasxva<br />

kuTxiT Seswavla scada. igi sociologebis, mwerlebis, fsiqologebis<br />

da sxvaTa kvlevis sagnadac iqca. <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> fenomenis<br />

garSemo arsebul mraval urTierT gamomricxav da kuriozul SexedulebaTa<br />

ganxilvas Cven aq ar SevudgebiT. aRvniSnavT mxolod imas,<br />

rom isini <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> gaukuRmarTebuli tradiciebis ganxilvis<br />

Sedegadaa gamoTqmuli da araferi aqvT saerTo mis warsulTan,<br />

istoriasTan, realur bunebasTan. xSir SemTxvevaSi amgvari mosazrebebi,<br />

rbilad rom vTqvaT, araseriozulia.<br />

RvTaeba, salocavi, Tayvaniscemis obieqti is centri iyo, romlis<br />

garSemo erTiandeboda Temi, sociumi da erToblivi Tayvaniscemis<br />

kulminaciis dros anu msxvelpSewirvis dros, dakluli cxovelis<br />

xorcs eziareboda. es iyo umniSvnelovanesi da ganuyofeli nawili<br />

sociumis umtkicesi duRabisa, romelsac saerTo kulti hqvia. ritualuri<br />

trapezi da Wama-sma msxverplSewirvis iseTive aqti iyo,<br />

rogorc samsxverplo cxovelis Sewirva. Wamis procesi msxverplSewirvis<br />

procesia. slavur enebSi, kerZod rusulSi sityva æðàòü<br />

(Wama) niSnavs “msxverpls vwirav RvTaebas”. aqedan ki warmomdgaria<br />

sityva æðåö – qurumi (Êàëåíäàðíûå îáû÷àè, 1983:168, 175). cnobilia,<br />

rom winaqristianuli msxverpli ieso qristes winasaxea. ieso qristem<br />

Tavis TavSi gaaerTiana yvela saxis msxverpli, axali saxis erTobis,<br />

qristianTa erTobis anu eklesiis centrSi moeqca da RvTismsaxurebisas<br />

maT msxverplad ewireba. misi eri ki macxovris trapezze mis<br />

sisxlsa da xorcs eziareba. amgvari Sexeduleba didi xani, taZris<br />

garda, saero cxovrebaSic damkvidrda da qristiani xalxebis garkveul<br />

tradiciaTa Camoyalibebasac Seuwyo xeli.<br />

is azri, rom qarTul sufras religiuri safuZveli aqvs da saweso<br />

xasiaTisaa, gamoTqmuli aqvs sxvadasxva avtors (<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2001, 2004,<br />

2007; abakelia, 1997; ivelaSvili, 1995; banZelaZe, 1999; ioseliani, 1999,<br />

2005 da sxv.). magram Tu saidan iRebs saTaves, ra religiur safuZvelze,<br />

rogor msoflmxedvelobaze aRmocenda da rogori xasiaTi<br />

SeiZina qristianobis damkvidrebis Semdeg qarTulma tradiciulma


486<br />

<strong>giorgi</strong> <strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> <strong>RambaSiZe</strong><br />

sufram, am kuTxiT sagangebo kvleva dRemde ar warmarTula. SevecdebiT,<br />

garkveulwilad gavceT pasuxi dasmul kiTxvebs.<br />

qarTul enaSi sxvadasxva saxis purobis aRmniSvneli mravali terminia.<br />

Cven SeviswavleT zogadad sufrasTan sakvebis miRebis aRmniSvneli<br />

terminebi: trapezi, seroba, seri, taZari, taZroba, puri,<br />

puroba, puris Wama, puris rTva, puris gatexa, romlis Sedegad<br />

gairkva, rom isini ZiriTadad saero da religiuri mniSvnelobis mqoneni<br />

arian(orbeliani, 1991, 1993; CubinaSvili n., 1961; CubinaSvili d.,<br />

1984; abulaZe, 1973; imnaiSvili, 1986). aRniSnul terminTagan calke<br />

gvinda gamovyoT puris gatexa. xevsurul dialeqtologiur leqsikonSi<br />

purs ax{leCs-niSnavs purs gatexs, Wamas daiwyebs (WinWarauli,<br />

2005:698). raWaSi ritualuri daniSnulebis mqone didi zomis<br />

gulian qadas ganatexs eZaxian (kobaxiZe, 1987:31-32). Tedo saxokia<br />

puris gatexas puris Wamad xsnis. igi wers: “qarTul sufraze, Zvelad,<br />

ar egeboda puri daniT daeWraT, ueWvelad xeliT unda datexaT<br />

da ise daerigebinaT. puris gatexa ki Wamis dawyebas niSnavda, xolo<br />

igive gavrcelebiT megobrobas” (saxokia, 1979: 505). jer kidev ebrauli<br />

wesis mixedviT, sakvebis miRebis win macxovaric purze warmoTqvamda<br />

locvebs, RmerTs madlobas swiravda, Semdeg ki gatexda purs<br />

da meinaxeebs Soris anawilebda. man es wesi aRasrula saidumlo serobaze,<br />

rac Tavidanve daukavSirda evqaristias anu gaxda am saidumlos<br />

aRmniSvneli termini ( Bernas, 1967:779-780). evqaristia adreul<br />

eklesiaSi yoveldRe aResruleboda ( Ñêàáàëàíîâè÷, 2004:92). uZvelesi<br />

qristianebisTvis puris Wama uflis sxeulTan ziarebas niSnavda.<br />

`puris gatexa~ aRapsac erqva. amgvari Sexedulebebi dRemde Cans qristianTa<br />

msoflmxedvelobaSi. sakvebis kurTxevisas sauflo locvas<br />

anu “mamao Cvenos” amboben, rogorc marTlmadideblebi, aseve sxva<br />

konfesiis qristianebi.<br />

rogorc cnobilia, pirveli qristianebi sinagogaSi siarulis garda<br />

kvira saRamos, zogan sxva dReebSi an yoveldRe ikribebodnen. Tavyriloba<br />

imarTeboda saxlebSi (Äþøåíü, 1912: 31). eklesia, romelic,<br />

“krebas” niSnavs, evqaristiuli xasiaTisaa. rogorc aleqsandre Smemani<br />

wers, “masze sruldeba seroba uflisa (uflis sufra), evqaristiuli<br />

“puris gatexa”, rogorc misi dasruleba da aRsruleba... amgvarad,...<br />

arsebobs ganuyofeli erToba samisa _ kreba, evqaristia<br />

(wirva), eklesia qristesi” (Smemani, 2004:163). adreuli eklesiis sulze<br />

saubrisas Smemani wm. egnate antioqielis sityvebs imowmebs, romli-<br />

Tac wmindani qristianebs ase mimarTavda: “ecadeT, rac SeiZleba xSirad<br />

iyoT erTad” (Smemani, 2003:189). pirveli Taobis qristianebisaTvis<br />

evqaristia, romlis Semadgenel nawils aRapi warmoadgenda, im zeciuri<br />

serobis miwieri trapezi iyo, romelsac xSirad axsenebda ieso<br />

qriste mamis sasufevlis metaforis saxiT (uaibru, 2004:29). kvira<br />

dRes da saeklesio dResaswaulebze RvTismsaxurebis Semdeg erTmaneTTan<br />

stumrad siaruli da trapezis gaziareba qristianuli


<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> <strong>liturgiuli</strong><br />

buneba, sadideblebi da salxino sagaloblebi<br />

487<br />

cxovrebis wesia da CvenSic <strong>tradiciuli</strong> iyo (episkoposi nikolozi,<br />

1997:53; Àðõèìàíäðèò Ìàêàðèé, 1997:71).<br />

cnobilia, rom Tavdapirvelad qristianTa Sekreba sadResaswaulo<br />

xasiaTis iyo da imgvarad aResruleboda, rogorc macxovarma daadgina<br />

saidumlo serobis dros. igi iwyeboda wminda werilis kiTxviT,<br />

mas mosdevda episkoposis qadageba, locva, seroba anu aRapi. mas mere,<br />

rac mrevli siyvarulisa da erTobis niSnad erTmaneTs eamboreboda<br />

Zmuri, mSvidobis amboriT, mrevlis Semowirulobebidan arCeul<br />

saukeTeso puris nawilebze da wyalgareul Rvinoze episkoposi loculobda<br />

da samadlobels aRavlenda. Semdgom yvela iq myofs aziarebdnen.<br />

msaxurebis ganuyofel nawils fsalmunTa an sxva saRmrTo<br />

sagalobelTa Sesruleba warmoadgenda.<br />

aRapebi iwyeboda da mTavrdeboda xelebis ganbanviT da locviT.<br />

rogorc sayovelTaodaa cnobili, aRapebi Temis mdidari wevrebis<br />

mier saxlidan motanili SemowirulobebiT imarTeboda da miznad<br />

isaxavda Raribi Zmebisa da debis daxmarebas da qristianTa Soris<br />

Zmuri siyvarulis gaRviveba-SenarCunebas. aRaps uZRvebodnen sasuliero<br />

pirebi locviT, vedrebiT, mrevlis damoZRvriT. es xdeboda<br />

taZarSic da maSinac, rodesac man erSi gadmoinacvla. Tumca, erSi<br />

gamarTul aRapebis sufras ufro saero pirebi uZRvebodnen. aRapebze<br />

gadaWarbebuli Wama-sma sircxvilad iTvleboda, vinaidan, erTi<br />

mxriv, es iyo RvTis trapezi, xolo, meore mxriv, locva. mrevls mTeli<br />

Rame unda eloca. aRapebis locviTi mxare galobiT mTavrdeboda.<br />

TiTqmis yvela galobda (Ôóíê, 1911:59-61; Èñòîðèÿ Ïðàâîñëàâíîé<br />

Öåðêâè, 1902:89-90; Òàëüáåðã,2000: 102; Ïîñíîâ, 1991: 205-206; Áðîêãàóç-Åôðîí,<br />

1890: 129; Ñêàáàëàíîâè÷, 2004: 51-55; Bernas, 1967: 194; Bechwith, 1998:236).<br />

mogvianebiT, aRapi gamoeyo liturgias, rac sabolood IV-Vss. moxda,<br />

gaxalxurda da adgilobrivi eklesiebis tradiciebis gavleniT<br />

ganviTarda (Bernas,1967a:149). ukve IVs-Si aRapis eklesiaSi aRsruleba<br />

aikrZala, magram, rogorc Cans, es kanoni VIIs-mde irRveoda, rodesac<br />

trulis krebam kvlav akrZala igi da sasjelad gankveTa daawesa<br />

(Ìèëàø, 1911: 565). mas mere, rac saeklesio krebebma aRapebi akrZales<br />

taZrebSi, qristianebma maTi gamarTva saxlebSi daiwyes. igi qristian-<br />

Ta Soris didi siyvaruliT sargeblobda. romelime wmindanis xsenebis<br />

dRes isini marTavdnen sufras axloblebis, megobrebis, mezoblebis,<br />

naTesavebisa da RaribebisaTvis (Àðõèìàíäðèò Ìàêàðèé, 1997:72-73).<br />

cnobilia, rom qristianebi trapezebs wmindanTa saflavebzec mar-<br />

Tavdnen. mogvianebiT trapezebi naTesavebis dakrZalvis dReebSi imarTeboda<br />

(Bernas,1967a:149). sabolood aRapebma dakarges simboluri<br />

mniSvneloba da gadaiqcnen Cveulebriv trapezebad anu iseTebad,<br />

romlebic dakrZalvis, qorwilis, Zeobis dros an mdidrebis mier<br />

RaribebisTvis imarTeboda (Ìèëàø,1912:100). saqarTveloSic aRapebi,<br />

garda salxino <strong>sufris</strong>a, samgloviaro sufradac Camoyalibda. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom qarTl-kaxeTSi Wiris sufrasTan dasxdomamde, xelis


488<br />

dabanis Semdeg Camoatarebdnen boRlowos (Sav RvinoSi Cambal purs).<br />

RvinoSi im lavaSs Caalbobdnen, romelsac manamde mkvdris gulze gadatexavdnen<br />

da miaCndaT, rom es lukma micvalebuls aucileblad<br />

miuvidoda. sxva kuTxeebSi micvalebulis Sesandobaris dros icodnen<br />

Rvinian WiqaSi puris Cawoba an Rvinis purze dasxma, rac faqtobrivad<br />

igive boRlowos Camotarebaa. vfiqrobT, samive wesi am<br />

konkretul konteqstSi ganasaxierebs ziarebas (<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2004:150;<br />

<strong>RambaSiZe</strong>, 2004:114-116, 272), es ki imis sabuTia, rom samgloviaro <strong>sufris</strong><br />

qristianuli mxare dasabams aRapidan da evqaristiidan iRebs,<br />

rac erTi da igivea. am wesis aRsruleba micvalebulTa maradiul sicocxlesTan<br />

ziarebaa. micvalebulTa moxsenieba xom qristianuli<br />

liturgiis ganuyofeli da mniSvnelovani nawilia.<br />

tradiciulad, saqarTvelos eklesiebSi micvalebulTa mosaxseneblad<br />

gamarTuli aRapi, garda imisa, rom “mkvdrisaTvis Wamas” (orbeliani,<br />

1991:75), “purs, sadils” (abulaZe, 1973:12) niSnavda, gulisxmobda<br />

micvalebulTa saxelze msaxurebis dayenebas. aRapi orgvari<br />

iyo. erTi, rodesac masSi mxolod berebi monawileobdnen da meore,<br />

romelsac saero pirebic eswrebodnen. saaRape Rvinisa da sanovagis<br />

momzadeba glexebs evalebodaTn (Tofuria, 1984: 68-70).<br />

ierusalimis TemSi aRapis wesi gamorCeulad <strong>tradiciuli</strong> iyo. aq<br />

gansakuTrebiT mWidro iyo aRapisa da evqaristiis kavSiri. aRsaniSnavia,<br />

rom Tu ierusalimis eklesiaSi ori tipis aRapi iyo, imTaviTve arsebobda<br />

iseTi eklesiebic, romelTa cxovrebis amsaxvel Cvenamde moRweul<br />

wyaroebSi aRapebis kvalic ki ar Cans (Òàëêîâàÿ Áèáëèÿ, 1987:23-24).<br />

rogorc cnobilia, <strong>qarTuli</strong> eklesia samociqulo da ierusalimuri<br />

warmoSobis aris. faqtobrivad, igi liturgikul cxovrebas, ierusalimuri<br />

tipikoniT aRasrulebda V-Xss, rasac, Tavis Tavad, saeklesio<br />

cxovrebis tradiciac unda mohyoloda Tan. igi garkveuli formiT<br />

adgilobriv religiur tradicias Tu kulturas unda Serwymoda. imis<br />

garda, rom saqarTvelo elinur samyaroSi mimdinare procesebis Tu ,<br />

mogvianebiT msoflio eklesiis cxovrebis aqtiuri monawile iyo, mas<br />

qristianobis pirvelive saukuneebidan mWidro kavSiri hqonda wmida<br />

miwasTan (aleqsiZe, 2004:35-39,41). amdenad, savaraudoa, rom ierusalimuri<br />

RvTismsaxurebis forma anu evqaristia aRapiTurT CvenSic<br />

adreve unda Semosuliyo, razedac vfiqrobT, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong><br />

<strong>sufris</strong> bunebac metyvelebs. ufro metic, igi uadresi liturgiidan<br />

unda iRebdes saTaves da aRapebis memkvidre unda iyos. rogorc iTqva,<br />

puris gatexa aRapsac erqva, evqaristiasac da sufrasac.<br />

yvela saxis <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> puroba qarTvelisTvisac xelis<br />

damSvenebiT (dabaniT), locviT anu sazrdelis kurTxeviT, Tamadis<br />

arCeviT, uflis didebiT da puris gatexiT iwyeboda. morwmune<br />

qristianTa Soris es wesi dRemde SenarCunebulia. msgavsad aRapebisa,<br />

Zvelad qarTul sufrasTan sxdomis dros daculi iyo ufros-umcrosobis<br />

ierarqiuli wesi da rigi. mosawoni iyo TavSekavebuli, darbaisluri<br />

qceva da sityva-pasuxi, riskenac mouwodebda eklesia. san<strong>giorgi</strong><br />

<strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> <strong>RambaSiZe</strong>


<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> <strong>liturgiuli</strong><br />

buneba, sadideblebi da salxino sagaloblebi<br />

489<br />

adimo sufrebi ZiriTadad imarTeboda saRamos da SeiZleboda, Ramec<br />

gagrZelebuliyo.<br />

etiketis Tanaxmad, pirvel rigSi mowveul, sapatio stumrebs svamdnen,<br />

Semdeg naTesavebs, axloblebs, mokeTeebs. Rvino meriqifeebs<br />

mohqondaT da <strong>sufris</strong> wevrebs usxamdnen (<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2000:154-155).<br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> TavSi an SuaSi sapatio, gamorCeul<br />

adgilze ijda Tamada. saxarebis ZvelqarTulma redaqciebma termin<br />

Tamadis/tolumbaSis (romelic mecnierTa garkveul nawils kavkasiur-sparsuli<br />

warmoSobis terminebad miaCnia) <strong>qarTuli</strong> Sesatyvisi<br />

Semogvinaxes. es aris puris ufali, mTavari taZrisaQ, m{nis Taoba,<br />

winamZRoli, winamZRvari (<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 1999:59-65; <strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2004:127;<br />

ioseliani, 1999:4-6). Zvelad, msgavsad sataZro Tu saero aRapebisa,<br />

<strong>sufris</strong> winamZRolis funqcias asrulebda xucesi, xevisberi, dekanozi,<br />

ojaxis ufrosi da sxv. mogvianebiT sazogadoebis socializaciisa<br />

da desakralizaciis gamo, Tamada xdeba eriskaci, xolo kidev<br />

ufro mogvianebiT, saTanado oratorul-mWermetyveluri RirsebiT<br />

gamorCeuli pirovneba. <strong>sufris</strong> gaZRolis es wesi ki <strong>qarTuli</strong>dan Sevida<br />

zogadkavkasiur kulturul sivrceSi. Tamada ambobda warsaTqmels,<br />

rac Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> terminia (<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2004:127; 2001:120-122).<br />

mas locva-vedrebis, locvis an didxans sicocxlis survebis xasiaTi<br />

aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom <strong>qarTuli</strong> sufra zogjer ayal-mayaliTac<br />

mTavrdeboda, rac did sircxvilad iTvleboda, misi arsi urTierT<br />

siyvaruli, pativiscema, dalocva da mocemuli socialuri erTobis,<br />

RvTaebrivi patronebis, RmerTis mfarvelobis qveS gaerTianeba iyo.<br />

sufrasTan msxdari qristianebisaTvis maT serobas uxilavad uZRveboda<br />

ufali, romelic pirvelierarqi, uzenaesi sasuliero piric aris<br />

imavdroulad. Tamadobis aRmniSvnel yvela terminSi aSkarad Cans,<br />

rom Tamada aris mTavari figura, <strong>sufris</strong> warmmarTveli. vfiqrobT,<br />

terminebSi: mTavari taZrisaQ da puris ufali garkveul wilad <strong>sufris</strong><br />

winamZRolis arasaero kuTvnilebac Cans. termini taZari/<br />

taZroba sadResaswaulo sufras, lxins niSnavs. aseve, samlocvelo<br />

saxls da sasaxles, sadac saxelmwifoebrivi da samarTlebrivi sakiTxebi<br />

ganixileba. TiTqos da termini taZari sazeimo sufrasa da<br />

samlocvelo saxls semantikurad aerTianebs. TiTqos da mTavari<br />

taZrisaQ-<br />

Q-is winamZRolia, romelic sazeimo sufras uZRveba taZar-<br />

Si. mistikurad ki, taZris mTavari Tavad ufalia. rac Seexeba puris<br />

ufals, igi purobis ufross unda niSnavdes. ufali qarTulSi RmerTs,<br />

ieso qristes aRniSnavs da ufross, batons, patronsac niSnavs. magram<br />

am SesityvebaSi meore, arapirdapiri, msoflmxedvelobrivi plania,<br />

romelmac, albaT, qvecnobieradac iCina Tavi da RmerTsa da mis sxeulTan<br />

gaigivebul purs daukavSira <strong>sufris</strong> winamZRoli. xom ar<br />

ikiTxeba ukana planze Tamadis or Zvel qarTul terminSi mTavari<br />

taZrisaQ da puris ufali, romelic evqaristiisa da aRapis saxiT<br />

gamarTul uflis trapezs uZRveboda da mistkurad ganasaxierebda


490<br />

ieso qristes, rom saidumlo serobaze Tavad RmerTia mTavari<br />

taZrisaQ da puris ufali.<br />

urTierT siyvarulisa da Zmobis suli qarTul sufraze Zlieria,<br />

rac msgavsad aRapebisa, xSirad aris amboris saxiT gamoxatuli.<br />

dRevandel sufrazec SemorCenili amgvari qmedeba Zalzed abnevs<br />

Tanamedrove mentalobis mqone Sinaursa Tu stumars. es ambori mSvidobis,<br />

Zmobis amboria, romelic aRapebidan iRebda saTaves da<br />

evqaristiuli liturgiis nawili gaxda (uaibru, 2004:31). amgvari ambori<br />

transformirebuli saxiT Tanamedrove <strong>qarTuli</strong> da ara marto<br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> tradiciaSi unda ikiTxebodes. CvenSi, roca vaxtanguris<br />

saxeliT cnobil wesSi ori meinaxe jvris formiT xeli-xel<br />

gadaWdobili svams Rvinos, igi qristeSi Zmobasa da erTobas unda<br />

niSnavdes. am azrs vfiqrobT, germanuli Brüderschaft-is wesic ganamtkicebs,<br />

romelic Zmobas niSnavs da imavdroulad religiur gaer-<br />

Tianebas, saZmos.<br />

sufrasTan RvTis sadideblis garda iTqmeboda winaparTa mosagonari,<br />

samSoblos, eris, gmirebis, gamoCenili adamianebis, <strong>sufris</strong><br />

wevrebis sadRegrZeloebi. sufra yovladwmindas an yvelawmindas<br />

sadRegrZeloTi mTavrdeboda. am sadRegrZelosTan dakavSirebiT<br />

arsebobs ori mosazreba. pirvelis mixedviT, igi yvelawmindas sadRegrZelo<br />

unda yofiliyo da Semdeg daukavSirda RvTismSobels<br />

(<strong>gociriZe</strong>, 2001:121). meoris mixedviT, RvTismSoblis warsaTqmelma<br />

mogvianebiT SeiZina yvelawmindas mniSvneloba (abakelia, 1997:161).<br />

vinaidan <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> sufra <strong>liturgiuli</strong> bunebisaa da<br />

evqaristia-aRapidan momdinareobs, xsenebuli sadRegrZeloc,<br />

vfiqrobT, piradi dilis locvis Tu <strong>liturgiuli</strong> msaxurebis bolo,<br />

gantevebis locvasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli (RamisTevis locva,<br />

2000: 85-86). piradi locvebis bolos Cven vambobT: “ufalo ieso<br />

qriste, Zeo RvTisao locviTa yovladwmindisa dedisa SenisaTa,<br />

RirsTa da RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa CvenTaTa da yovelTa wmidaTa,<br />

Segviwyalen Cven. amin”. sagulisxmoa, rom dRemde saWmlis win saTqmel<br />

locvebSi “mamao CvenosTan” erTad iTqmeba msgavsi locva. amdenad,<br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> sufrac im bolo locviT mTavrdeba, romelic liturgiis<br />

an piradi locvis bolos iTqmis. ufro metic, ukavSirdeba purobis<br />

dawyebis win saTqmel locvas.<br />

vfiqrobT, <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> religiur xasiaTsa da<br />

liturgiul warmomavlobas e.w. salxino sagaloblebic usvams xazs<br />

maT Seswavlas sagangebo naSromebi miuZRvnes m. SilakaZem da m. erqvaniZem.<br />

vfiqrobT, m. erqvaniZe marTebulad aRniSnavs, rom Zvelad<br />

galobas da simReras maTTvis gankuTvnili adgili ekavaT, magram<br />

imavdroulad Tanaarsebobdnen. m. SilakaZis mier Sekrebili eTnografiuli<br />

masala guriasa da raWaSi (1971, 1974) naTlad mowmobs,<br />

rom xalxi ansxvavebda sagaloblebs, romlebic taZarsa da erSi igalobeboda<br />

(SilakaZe, 2001:170). m. erqvaniZis mixedviT salxino saga<strong>giorgi</strong><br />

<strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> <strong>RambaSiZe</strong>


<strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> <strong>liturgiuli</strong><br />

buneba, sadideblebi da salxino sagaloblebi<br />

491<br />

loblebi “Sualeduri movlenaa galobasa da simReras Soris. melodika<br />

wminda saeklesioa. mxolod sityvieri teqstia Secvlili, anu<br />

gaxalxurebuli...eri yofaSi saeklesio hangebs iyenebda, ucvlida<br />

ra maT saeklesio teqstebs da ara piriqiT”. Tu salxino sagaloblebis<br />

teqsti gaxalxurebulia, misi melodia upirobod saeklesio sagaloblisaa,<br />

mxolod rig SemTxvevaSi (mag. `movediT da vsvaT~), avtoris<br />

azriT, SeiniSneba garkveuli saero gavlena, rac saeklesio<br />

galobis ojaxebSi gadasvlis gamo unda momxdariyo (<strong>qarTuli</strong> saeklesio<br />

galoba, IX-XI, XIV), anu ZiriTadad saojaxo yofaSi Sesul sagalobels<br />

ecvleboda teqsti, xolo melodia igive rCeboda. ojaxSi<br />

sagaloblebis Sesrulebis tradiciam, aTeisturi periodis miuxedavad,<br />

SesaZlebeli gaxada misi SenarCuneba. eTnografiuli monacemebis<br />

mixedviT, ojaxebSi sagaloblis Sesrulebis tradiciam guriaSi,<br />

raWaSi, qarTlSi, zemo imereTSi XXs. 40 -60-ian wlebamde moaRwia<br />

(SilakaZe, 2001:164). qarTul tradiciul sufraze warmoTqmul sadRegrZeloebs<br />

Sesabamisi salxino sagaloblebi mosdevda. mag. mefededoflis<br />

sadRegrZelos `Sen xar venaxi~, `mravalJamieri~, xelismomkideebis<br />

sadRegrZelos dros `Sen romelma gananaTle da~<br />

sagaloblebTan erTad simRera `Sen Cemo naTlidedao~, gardacvlili<br />

mSoblebis sadRegrZelos _ JamTa da welTa (guria), `sulTa<br />

maTTa~ (raWa) da sxv. masalidan Cans, rom qorwilSi, ZeobaSi Wrelebi<br />

da dasdeblebi igalobeboda (SilakaZe, 2001:164-167). aleqsandre<br />

jambakur-orbelianis cnobili aRwerilobis mixedviT, nadimze mgaloblebs<br />

TavSi mjdomi yvelaze pativcemuli pirovnebis magidis win<br />

muxlmoyriT unda egalobaT. nadimze asrulebdnen salxino sagaloblebs,<br />

saero simRerebs RiRinebiT, mravalJamiers. oTxi saaTis<br />

Tavze erTmaneTis madlieri stumrebi Tav-Tavis gzaze midiodnen<br />

(Jambakur-Orbeliani, 2005:14).<br />

amrigad, saero sufraze eklesiidan ucvleli melodiiT Semosuli<br />

sagaloblebi, Wrelebis, dasdeblebis, Zlispirebisa da maTi vrceli<br />

repertuaris, faqtobrivad gansxvavebuli Janris, sagaloblis anu<br />

salxino sagaloblis arseboba, naTlad miuTiTebs <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>tradiciuli</strong><br />

<strong>sufris</strong> religiur semantikaze, rac XIX-XXss. mijnazec iyo<br />

Semonaxuli da kargad esmoda qarTul sazogadoebas. aki dekanozi<br />

raJden xundaZe wers: qorwili da nadimi naxevrad locvas warmoadgendao.<br />

amas garda, salxino sagaloblebis repertuari da nairferovneba<br />

<strong>qarTuli</strong> samgaloblo da zogadad musikaluri kulturis<br />

ganviTarebaze metyvelebs da im faqtzec, rom oficialuri eklesia<br />

garkveuli saxis sagaloblebis nadimze Sesrulebas aramc Tu ar krZalavda,<br />

aramde miesalmeboda kidec, vinaidan kargad icoda <strong>tradiciuli</strong><br />

<strong>sufris</strong> buneba da fesvebi. imavdroulad, igi ukuprocess erideboda.<br />

saero simRerebi aramc da aramc ar Sehqonda eklesiaSi. Tumca,<br />

qarTul saero da saeklesio musikalur kulturas erTi saerTo<br />

musikaluri azrovneba, ena da tradicia qmnida.


492<br />

<strong>giorgi</strong> <strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> <strong>RambaSiZe</strong><br />

damowmebuli literatura<br />

abakelia, <strong>nino</strong>. (1997). simbolo da rituali qarTul kulturaSi. Tbilisi:<br />

mecniereba.<br />

abulaZe, ilia. (1973). Zveli <strong>qarTuli</strong> enis leqsikoni (masalebi). Tbilisi:<br />

mecniereba.<br />

aleqsiZe, zaza. (2004). qristianoba saqarTveloSi andria pirvelwodebulidan<br />

dRemde. krebulSi: gordeziani, rismag (red.). qristianobis oci<br />

saukune saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi: logosi.<br />

banZelaZe, <strong>giorgi</strong>. (1999). sadRegrZelo. krebulSi: futkaraZe, tariel<br />

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<strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>giorgi</strong>. (1999). <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> kulturuli mozaika (Tamadis<br />

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<strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>giorgi</strong>. (2000). <strong>tradiciuli</strong> <strong>qarTuli</strong> <strong>sufris</strong> etiketi da misi<br />

socialuri dinamika. krebulSi: futkaraZe, tariel (red.). qarTveluri<br />

memkvidreoba, IV. (gv. 150-159). quTaisi: quTaisis saxelmwifo universiteti.<br />

<strong>gociriZe</strong>, <strong>giorgi</strong>. (2001). mWermetyvelebis sakraluri semantika <strong>qarTuli</strong><br />

<strong>sufris</strong> wesebSi (sadRegrZelo). krebulSi: futkaraZe, tariel (red.).<br />

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Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba.


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bubulaSvili, eldar; <strong>RambaSiZe</strong>, <strong>nino</strong> (redaqtorebi). (gv.163-177).<strong>qarTuli</strong><br />

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