Tbilisis municipaluri narCenebis marTvis sistema kvlevis ...

Tbilisismunicipalurpaluri narCenebismarTvis sistemakvlevis angariSiTbilisi, 2006 w., ivlisi-agvisto

© mwvane alternativa, 2006© BCG Research, 2006ISBN: 99940-65-07-6kvleva Sesrulebulia BCG Research-is -is mier, asociacia “mwvane alternativa”-sdakveTiT da euTo-s finansuri mxardaWeriT.gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ar warmoadgens euTo-s oficialurpozicias.

winasityvaobanarCenebis marTvis sakiTxi erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualuria msoflioSi.ganviTarebul qveynebSi jer kidev 70-iani wlebidan daiwyo narCenebis marTvismdgradi meTodebis danergva, romlebic, pirvel rigSi, narCenebis raodenobisSemcirebazea orientirebuli da aseve, narCenebis usafrTxo marTvas gulisxmobs.am mxriv, saqarTvelo am sferos ganviTarebis mxolod adreul stadiazeimyofeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResdReobiT narCenebis Tema saqarTveloSicaqtualuri gaxda, arsebobs mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa, romlebic jer kidevgadaWras saWiroebs.warmodgenili sociologiuri kvleva, romelic ZiriTadad eyrdnoba rogorcnarCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli saxelmwifo Tu kerZo organizaciebis, ise TbilisSimcxovrebi moqalaqeebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs, miznad isaxavs TbilisSiamJamad arsebuli narCenebis marTvis sistemis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi aspeqtebisgamovlenas, amJamad mimdinare da mosalodneli procesebis Seswavlas, iseverogorc narCenebis marTvis alternatiuli meTodebis danergvis SesaZleblobebisgamovlenas da amdenad, arsebuli da momavali mimarTulebebis garkveulianalizis saSualebas iZleva.vimedovnebT, rom kvlevaSi warmodgenili informacia saintereso dasasargeblo aRmoCndeba narCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli saxelmwifo uwyebebisTvisda aseve, sxva dainteresebuli pirebisa da organizaciebisTvis.sociologiuri kvleva asociacia “mwvane alternativa”-s dakveTiT Caatarakompaniam BCG Research. BCG Research-s rCevebs uwevda “mwvane alternativa”-seqsperti Tamar guguSvili. kvlevis Sesavali da daskvniTi nawilisavtoric Tamar guguSvilia.“mwvane alternativa” madlobas uxdis euTo-s kvlevis finansuri mxardaWerisTvis,BCG Research-sa da Tamar guguSvils gaweuli samuSaosTvisda yvela im pirsa Tu organizacias, romlebmac ar daiSures dro da energiakvlevis Casatareblad saWiro informaciis mowodebisTvis.asociacia “mwvane alternativa”agvisto, 2006 w.

anotacia2006 wlis ivlis-agvistoSi Tbilisis narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi gatarebulicvlilebebis Sedegad amJamad narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi ZiriTad rgols qalaqisdasufTavebis samsaxuri warmoadgens. sworedQqalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxurma itvirTais funqciebi, romlebsac adre raionuli gamgeobebi asrulebdnen. samsaxuri dakve-Tas aZlevs SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebebs (Sps), romlebic sxvadasxvaraionebSi narCenebis Segrovebasa da gatanaze muSaoben da akontrolebs maT saqmianobas.respondentebi miesalmebian qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuris Camoyalibebas,radgan, erTi centralizebuli organos Seqmnam sferoSi gazarda masSi SemavalierTeulebis koordinaciis xarisxi da ,,sferos gauCnda patroni”.Sps-ebis saqmianobis mTavar problemas maT xelT arsebuli manqanebis gaumarTaobada muSaxelis nakleboba warmoadgens. Tavis mxriv, dasaxelebul problemebsfinansebis simwire ganapirobebs. Kkvlevis mimdinareobis etapze qalaqis municipalitetmadasaxelebul organizaciebs axali nagvis manqanebi gadasca, ramac Sps-ebssaSualeba misca gaeumjobesebinaT avto-parki. 2006 wlis 1 agvistodan gaizardasferoSi dasaqmebulTa xelfasebic, ramac SedarebiT unda moagvaros kadrebis naklebobisproblemac, rasac finansebis simwiresTan erTad, nawilobriv, sferos araprestiJulobacganapirobebs.Sps-ebis TanamSromelTa anazRaurebisa da narCenebis gatanis safasuris daangariSebissqema Tbilisis sakrebulos mier aris damtkicebuli da saerToa yveladasaxelebuli organizaciisTvis. Sps-ebis saqmianoba nawilobriv saxelmwifosgan,nawilobriv ki mosaxleobisagan amoRebuli gadasaxadebiT finansdeba. dasaxelebuliori wyarodan ufro stabilurs saxelmwifo dafinanseba warmoadgens, radganmosaxleobis garkveuli nawili wlobiT ar ixdis gadasaxads. organizaciebs argaaCniaT berketi maT winaaRmdeg - narCenebSi urCi da patiosani gadamxdelisnarCenis gamoyofa da gatana\argatana, SeuZlebelia.gadasaxadebis amoRebaze eleqtro-energiis mimwodebel kompania ,,TelasTan” er-Tad muSaobam mniSvnelovnad gazarda mosaxleobidan gadasaxadis amoRebis maCvenebeli.Aes maCvenebeli TiTqmis yvela gamokiTxul raionSi 1.5-2-jer gaizarda. AamasTan,mosaxleobam ,,ubralod, SeiZina nagvis gatanis safasuris gadaxdis Cveva”.amis miuxedavad, gadasaxadebis amoRebis maCvenebeli iSviaTad aRemateba 50%-s (Tumca,mosaxleobaSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, gamokiTxulebis 80%narCenebis gatanis gadasaxads ixdis).kidev ufro rTuli viTarebaa biznes-struqturebTan urTierTobisas. am ukanasknelTmoeTxovebaT gaaformon xelSekruleba maTi raionis dasufTavebaze momuSaveSps-ebTan da yovelTviurad gadaixadon gadasaxadi. biznes-struqturebisumravlesoba gadasaxads ar ixdis, MmaTi momsaxurebis subsidirebas ki saxelmwifoar axdens. praqtikulad, maT Sps-ebi usasyidlod emsaxurebian. Tavis mxriv, problemasqmnis isic, rom ar arsebobs sqema, romlis mixedviTac biznes-struqturebis4

gadasaxadis sidide ganisazRvreba. gadasaxadi ufro metad damokidebulia arabiznes-organizaciis mier dagrovebuli narCenis raodenobaze an xasiaTze, aramedurTierTSeTanxmebaze Sps-sa da biznes-organizaciis xelmZRvanelobas Soris, romeliciSviaTad sruldeba. SesaZloa, swored dadgenili tarifis ararsebobis gamo,biznes-struqturebs ar aqvT gaTavisebuli nagvis gatanis safasuris gadaxdis aucileblobada pirad urTierTobas Sps-ebis xelmZRvanelobasTan araseriozulad aRiqvamen.respondentebis informaciiT, qalaqis munici paliteti gegmavs sakuTar TavzeaiRos gadasaxadebis amoReba rogorc mosaxleobidan, isee biznes-organizaciebidan.urCi gadamxdelebisaTvis ki dawesdeba didi fuladi jarimebi (es gansakuTrebiTbiznes-struqturebs exeba). Sps-ebi miiReben srul dafinansebas maT mier nagavsayrelzeganTavsebuli narCenis odenobis Sesabamisad.qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuris eqspluataciaSia nagavsayrelebic (gldanisada ialRujas). nagavsayrelze saqmianobas kerZo kompaniebi axorcieleben. nagavsayrelebzemravali problemaa, maT Soris: nagavsayrelebi ganicdian teqnikis naklebobas,sadrenaJo sistemebi moZvelebulia, gldanis nagavsayrelze xdeba aaleba, romlislikvidaciac ver xerxdeba erTi mxriv, wlebis manZilze narCenebis arasworidakonservebis, meore mxriv ki, imis gamo, rom nagavsayrels wyali ar miewodeba.teritoriis srulad morwyva ver xerxdeba ialRujazec. ar xdeba nagavsayrelebissaTanadod dezinfeqcia, maTi muSaoba Tanamedrove standartebs ver akmayofilebs.zogadad, narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi ar arsebobs konkurencia. sistemaSi CarTvissurvils periodulad ara mxolod qarTuli, aramed ucxouri kompaniebic gamoTqvamdnen,Tumca, sabolood uars ambobdnen, radgan gadasaxadebis dabali amoRebisa dasistemis gaumarTaobis gamo, miRebuli Semosavlebi mcirea. sferoSi, praqtikulad,ar tardeboda tenderebi. amisMmagaliTia Sps-ebi, romlebic sxvadasxva raionebisdasufTavebas emsaxurebian da wlebis manZilze am saqmiT arian dakavebulni. DdamkveTimaT ubralod periodulad ugrZelebs xelSekrulebas, rogorc yvelaze gamocdilebsada awyobil sistemaze morgebul, mocemul pirobebSi metnaklebad efeqturad momuSaveorganizaciebs.im sirTuleebis garda, romlebic narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi momuSave kompaniebssaqmianobis procesSi xvdebaT, gamosayofia mosaxleobis damokidebuleba,zogadad narCenis dagrovebisa da misi gatanis mimarT. gamokiTxulebis azriT,sistemis muSaobis mimarT mosaxleobis zerele damokidebuleba gacilebiT sazianoa,vidre nagvis gadasaxadis argadaxda. mosaxleoba xSirad narCens yris pirdapirquCaSi, SesaZloa nagavSemkreb konteinerTan, magram ara masSi. QquCebis sistematuridagvis miuxedavad, isini Zalze male binZurdeba, radgan quCas abinZureben rogorcgamvlelebi, aseve manqanebis mZRolebi. amasTanave, mosaxleoba Sps-ebs aramarto sayofacxovrebonarCenebis, aramed samSeneblo nagvis gatanasac avaldebulebs. es, Tavismxriv, moiTxovs damatebiT muSaxels, damatebiT teqnikas (radgan konteinerTan dayrilinagvis gatanas, xSirad, erTi manqana ar hyofnis). samSeneblo narCenebi quCebSi,ZiriTadad, Rame gamoaqvT. mimarTvis SemTxvevaSi, Sps garkveul safasurad moemsaxurebamosaxles, romelsac aqvs samSeneblo narCeni, Tumca, aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaTia.5

espondentebi varaudoben, rom mosaxleobis daudevroba kidev ufro met problemasSeuqmniT momavalSi – municipalitetis mier Camoyvanil axal nagvis manqanebsaqvT damaqucmacebeli, romelic sayofacxovrebo narCenzea gaTvlili da sxva ti pisnarCens rTulad amuSavebs. dasaxelebuli mizezis gamo, isini SesaZloa, male gamovidesmwyobridan.respondentebi fiqroben, rom narCenebis daxarisxebas didi potenciali aqvs,radgan nagavsayrelebze uamravi sxvadasxva saxis resursi grovdeba (mina, plastmasi,qaRaldi, feradi liToni da sxva), romelsac iyeneben kidec calkeuli kerZo pirebian organizaciebi. dReisaTvis qaRalds da plastmass presavs da yidis ori Sps -,,vake” da ,,Tbilservisi”. calkeuli kerZo kompaniebi ibareben da Tavad yidiansxvadasxva masalebs. narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebisa da gadamuSavebis\reciklirebisdanergvis procesSi gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi aspeqtebi:• mosaxleobas didi dro dasWirdeba narCenebis daxarisxebasTan Sesagueblad, radgan,,maT jer nagvis urnamde mitana unda iswavlon”. amasTan, mosaxleobas undahqondes stimuli narCenebis sanacvlod fuladi anazRaurebis an momgebiani moraluripoziciis saxiT, rom isini amcireben garemos dabinZurebas, rasac Sesabamisiagitacia sWirdeba;• gadamamuSavebeli qarxnis agebas did finansebTan erTad sWirdeba zusti informaciaimis Taobaze, Tu narCenis ra resursi arsebobs qveyanaSi (narCenebis inventarizaciisproeqtze amJamad garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministromuSaobs);• rac mTavaria, narCenebis Segrovebisa da meoradi nedleulis gadamuSavebas \reciklirebassWirdeba gamarTuli sakanonmdeblo baza, vinaidan zogierTma kompaniamnarCenebze muSaoba swored saTanado urTierTobebis dauregulireblobisa dasferoSi qaosis gamo Sewyvita.meore mxriv, saqarTveloSi arsebobs ramodenime sawarmo (qsnis minis tarisqarxana, Tbilisis qaRaldis fabrika), romlebic meorad nedleuls amJamadac gadaamuSavebenda gacilebiT metis aTviseba SeuZliaT. MnarCenebis daxarisxeba ki zogadad,nagvis SemcirebasTan erTad xels Seuwyobs rogorc qalaqis naklebad dabinZurebas,aseve garkveuli tipis biznesis ganviTarebasa da saxelmwifos Semosavlebis zrdas(narCenebis Semcireba ar Sedis mxolod narCenebis Semgrovebeli da gamtani Spsebisada nagavsayrelebis interesSi, radgan maT Semosavals swored narCenis odenobagansazRvravs).respondentebis saerTo azria, rom narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebis makoordinireblisfunqcia qalaqis municipalitetma unda itvirTos. Mmanve undamisces sistemaSi monawileobis stimuli kerZo kompaniebsac (SeZlebisdagavarad,xeli Seuwyos maT saqmianobas, izrunos saxelmwifos mxridan maTTvis garkveuliSeRavaTebis dawesebaze da a.S.).6

s a r C e v i1. Sesavali.....................................................................................................................................81.1 kvlevis miznebi ........................................................................................................................... 111.2 kvlevis farglebi ..................................................................................................................... 111.2 meTodologia ...............................................................................................................................122. Tbilisis munici paluri narCenebis marTvis sistemada narCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli struqturebi.............132.1 municipaluri narCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli struqturebi, maTi ierarqia damovaleobebi ................................................................................................................................. 132.2 munici paluri narCenebis marTvis sqema - zogadi suraTi ............................162.3 munici paluri narCenebis marTvis finansuri aspeqtebi ..................................203. problemebi munici paluri narCenebis marTvissferoSi..........................................................................................................................................223.1 gadasaxadebis amoReba mosaxleobidan .........................................................................243.2 urTierToba biznes-struqturebTan .............................................................................263.3 kadrebi ........................................................................................................................................... 283.4 arakonkurentuli garemo narCenebis marTvis sferoSi .................................. 293.5 mosaxleobis cnobierebis done ....................................................................................... 304. cvlilebebi munici paluri i narCenebis marTvissferoSi..........................................................................................................................................325. narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebis perspeqtivebi355.1 narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi CarTuli organizaciebi daxarisxebulinarCenebis gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb ...................................................... 355.2 mosaxleobis roli narCenebis daxarisxebulad SegrovebaSi ...................... 365.3 sxvadasxva kerZo kompaniebi, daxarisxebuli narCenebis gadamuSavebisSesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb .............................................................................................................. 385.4 narCenebis Semcirebis sxva perspeqtivebi ..................................................................406. meoradi nedleulis gadamamuSavebeli kompaniebi426.1 qsnis minis taris qarxana...................................................................................................426.2 qaRaldis fabrika ...................................................................................................................446.3 plastmasis gadamamuSavebeli kompania ,,metaloplastiki~ ........................... 476.4 meoradi nedleulis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis rekomendaciebi ....... 476.5 ualkoholo sasmelebis mwarmoebeli msxvili kompaniebi meoradigadamuSavebis Sesaxeb..................................................................................................................... 49daskvna .............................................................................................................................................. 517

1. SesavalidResdReobiT narCenebis Tema mTels msoflioSi Zalze mwvavea. narCenebisaraswori marTvis Sedegad gamowveulma garemos problemebma bolo aTwleulebisganmavlobaSi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miipyro.Tumca, saqarTveloSi narCenebis sfero uaxloes periodamde erT-erT yvelazeugulvebelyofil seqtorad rCeboda sxva garemosdacviT sakiTxebs Soris. amismizezad SeiZleba dasaxeldes problemebi garemosdacviTi da kerZod, narCenebismarTvis dagegmvis sferoSi, administraciuli da finansuri resursebissimcire, iseve rogorc mosaxleobis arasakmarisi daintereseba garemos sakiTxebiTda saerTo socio-ekonomikuri da politikuri viTareba.me-20 saukunis meore naxevridan, roca narCenebis raodenobam mosaxleobiszrdasTan da industriis ganviTarebasTan erTad katastroful zRvarsmiaRwia, msoflios mraval qveyanaSi naTeli gaxda narCenebis marTvis alternatiulimeTodebis danergvis aucilebloba. erTis mxriv, dedamiwis SezRuduliresursebi, rac narCenebis ganTavsebisTvis aris saWiro, da meore mxriv, nagavsayrelebismaRali toqsiuroba, rac gamowveuli iyo teqnologiuri inovaciebiTda mzardi warmoebiT, eWvis qveS ayenebda nagavsayrelebis, rogorc narCenebisganTavsebis yvelaze iafi saSualebis rols. sinamdvileSi, garemosa daadamianis janmrTelobaze miyenebuli zianis kompensaciisaTvis saWiro socialurida ekonomikuri xarjebi gacilebiT meti aRmoCnda. amdenad, aqtualurigaxda narCenebis marTvis alternatiuli meTodebis Zieba, rac narCenebis raodenobisSemcirebisken iqneboda mimarTuli da nakleb zians miayenebda garemos. Seiqmnae. w. narCenebis ierarqia, romlis mixedviTac narCenebis marTvis sistemaSiyvelaze maRali prioriteti narCenebis Tavidan acilebis da narCenebis SemcirebisiseT meTodebs miekuTvneba rogoricaa meoradi gadamuSaveba, kompostirebada nivTebis xelmeored gamoyeneba. Semdeg safexurzea narCenebis dawva energiismiRebis mizniT, da sul bolos, yvelaze naklebi prioritetiT narCenebisnagavsayrelze ganTavsebis meTodi sargeblobs. narCenebis es ierarqia msofliosyvela ganviTarebuli qveynis narCenebis marTvis strategiis safuZvelswarmoadgens. swored masze dayrdnobiT xdeba narCenebis marTvis gegmisa dameTodebis SemuSaveba, romlebic mimarTulia iqiTken, rom nagavsayrelze narCenebisminimaluri raodenoba moxvdes.narCenebis ierarqiis principebis gansaxorcieleblad sxvadasxva qveynebiTavad SeimuSaveben konkretul meTodebs da meqanizmebs. arsebobs narCenebisSemcirebis sxvadasxva xerxebi. magaliTad, produqtebis reciklireba da xelmeoredgamoyeneba; warmoebuli produqciis Semcireba; narCenebze gadasaxadisgazrda; nagavsayrelis dabegvra da sxv. xSirad saxelmwifo subsidiebi Tugadasaxadebi mimarTulia meoradi gadamuSavebis waxalisebisaken. zogjer adgiliaqvs iZulebiT reciklirebasac, roca gadamuSavebadi produqtis narCenebissaerTo konteinerSi ganmTavsebeli jarimiT isjeba. narCenebis Semcirebisken8

mimarTuli sxva meTodebi uSualod warmoebis etapze axdenen gavlenas. magaliTad,gadasaxadis daweseba warmoebuli produqtis erTeulze, an gadasaxadiSesafuT masalaze, rac mniSvnelovnad amcirebs SesafuTi masalis fraqciasnarCenebis saerTo raodenobaSi. produqtze mwarmoeblis gadasaxadis dawesebisidea mdgomareobs imaSi, rom rogorc wesi, produqtis TviTRirebulebaSi arSedis am produqtis, rogorc narCenis ganTavseba-gauvnebleblebisaTvis saWiroxarjebi, rac imas niSnavs, rom im zianis sakompensacio xarjebi, romelsac esnarCeni garemos da adamianis janmrTelobas miayenebs, ar aris Sesuli sabazrofasebSi da, sabolood, saxelmwifos an sazogadoebis gadasaxdelia. mwarmoeblispasuxismgeblobis danergva swored am darRveuli sabazro balansis aRdgeniserTgvar mcdelobas warmoadgens.miuxedavad imisa, rom garemoze miyenebuli zianis gamo nagavsayrelebsyvelaze dabali prioriteti eniWebaT, yovelTvis darCeba garkveuli raodenobiTnarCeni, romelic nagavsayrelze ganTavsebas saWiroebs. amdenad, did mniSvnelobasiZens nagavsayrelebis saTanado mowyobis sakiTxi. Tanamedrove nagavsayrelebie.w. sanitariuli nagavsayrelebi uzrunvelyofs drenaJis gaJonvisprevencias. aseve xdeba meTanisa da naxSirorJangis Segroveba raTa ar moxdeshaeris dabinZureba. narCenebi Sreebad aris ganlagebuli da periodulad saizolaciofeniT ifareba. amdenad, nagavsayrelebis problemebi, rac gansakuTrebiTmwvaved idga me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi ganviTarebul qveynebSi, kerZod,narCenebis aaleba, haeris dabinZureba, drenaJis gaJonvis Sedegad miwisqveSawylebis, niadagisa da zedapiruli wylebis dabinZureba, mRrRnelebis gavrceleba,suni da mtveri nagavsayrelebze, mniSvnelovanwilad gadaiWra.miuxedavad msoflioSi arsebuli tendenciebisa, saqarTveloSi narCenebismarTva mxolod teqnikuri momsaxurebis xasiaTs atarebs da ZiriTadad, sanitarul-higienurifunqciiT Semoifargleba. narCenebis marTvis ZiriTad formadkvlav narCenebis nagavsayrelze ganTavseba rCeba. amasTan, nagavsayrelebimouwyobelia, arcerTi parametriT ar Seesabameba zogad garemosdacviT standartebsda mudmivi dabinZurebis wyaros warmoadgens. aRsaniSnavia isic, rommaTi sicocxlis xangrZlivoba SezRudulia da ramdenime weliwadSi amoiwureba.garda amisa mTeli rigi naklovanebebia narCenebis gatanis sferoSic. narCenebisgatanis xSiri dagvianeba, moZvelebuli teqnika, mouwyobeli bunkerebi dakonteinerebi, quCebis danagvianeba mudmiv antisanitariul garemos qmnis.mniSvnelovania is faqti, rom bolo wlebSi narCenebis sakiTxi sakmaodaqtualuri gaxda saqarTvelos politikur arenaze. amJamad igegmeba narCenebismarTvis saxelmwifo strategiisa da koncefciis Camoyalibeba, aseve mimdinareobsnarCenebis marTvis sistemis struqturuli reorganizacia. Tumca mTelirigi sakiTxebisa – socio-ekonomikuri problemebi, mosaxleobis dabali daintereseba,administraciul-finansuri saxsrebis nakleboba da sxv. garkveulsirTuleebs qmnis sferos ganviTarebisaTvis. amdenad, am etapze mniSvnelovania9

kvleva romelic arsebuli sistemis funqcionireba-naklovanebebs, aseve narCenebismarTvis alternatiuli meTodebis danergvis SesaZleblobebs gamoavlens.miT ufro, rom kvleva iTvaliswinebs sferoSi CarTuli da potenciuraddainteresebuli mxareebis gamokiTxvas da maTi savaraudo rolis SefasebasnarCenebis marTvis momaval sistemaSi. kvleva daemTxva mniSvnelovan cvlilebebsam sferoSi, rac garkveulad, momavali mimarTulebebis analizis saSualebasiZleva, Tumca, bevri ram jer kidev Camoyalibebis procesSia, miT ufro, romar aris SemuSavebuli narCenebis marTvis saxelmwifo strategia.1.1 kvlevis miznebikvlevis mizans warmoadgenda Tbilisis municipaluri narCenebis marTvissistemis, misi upiratesobebisa da naklovanebebis, mosalodneli cvlilebebis,masSi monawile sxvadasxva saxelmwifo Tu kerZo organizaciebis saqmianobiskvleva; aseve, narCenebis marTvis dRevandeli praqtikisgan gansxvaveebuli, garemosdacviTiTvalsazrisiT ufro misaRebi meTodebis danergvis SesaZleblobebisgamovlena. aRniSnul sakiTxTa sakvlevad gamoiyo Semdegi erTeulebi:• municipaluri narCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli struqturebi da maTi ierarqia;• dasaxelebuli struqturebis uflebebi da movaleobebi;• qalaqis municipaluri narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi ZiriTadi problemebi;• narCenebis gatanis gadasaxadebi, maT gansazRvrasa da amoRebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, satarifo politika;• konkurencia narCenebis Segrovebis, gatanis da gauvnebelyofis sferoSi;• narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebisa da meoradi gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebi;• sferoSi mimdinare da SesaZlo cvlilebebis Sefaseba.1.2 kvlevis farglebiwarmodgenili kvleva Sesrulda mxolod TbilisSi (sadac saqarTvelosmosaxleobis TiTqmis naxevari cxovrobs) da ar moicavs informacias saqarTvelossxva dasaxlebuli punqtebSi arsebuli narCenebis marTvis sistemisSesaxeb.kvleva aseve, Semoifargleba municipaluri, anu sayofacxovrebo narCenebismarTvis sistemis SeswavliT da ar exeba sxva saxis narCenebs (sayofacxovrebonarCenebi Sedgeba fizikuri pirebis mier moxmarebisa da sacxovrebeliadgilebis sanitariuli dasufTavebis procesSi warmoqmnili narCenebisagan,aseve, iuridiuli pirebis mier dasaxlebuli punqtebisa da Senoba-nagebobebissanitariuli dasufTavebis Sedegad warmoqmnili narCenebisagan. sayofacxovrebonarCenebi ar moicavs fizikuri pirebis mier piradi saWiroebis mizniTganxorcielebuli samSeneblo saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnil samrewvelonarCenebs).10

kvlevis mimdinareobis periodi daemTxva mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs TbilisisnarCenebis marTvis sistemaSi, rodesac Zveli urTierTobebi sxvadasxva struqturebsSoris icvleboda, axali ki, jer ar iyo Camoyalibebuli. amis gamo,respondentebis mier gamoTqmuli azri xSirad varaudis xasiaTs atarebda,zogierTi maTgani mimarTuli iyo warsuli urTierTobebisa da gamocdilebisaRweraze, sxvebi ki azrs im cvlilebebze gamoxatavdnen, rasac elian. dasaxelebulmasirTuleebma angariSSic hpova asaxva.1.2 meTodologiakvlevisaTvis gamoyenebul iqna rogorc Tvisebrivi, ise raodenobrivikvlevis meTodebi.Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi Catarda 23 CaRrmavebuli interviu Tbilisissxvadasxva raionis dasufTavebis samsaxurebis, Tbilisis meriis saqalaqo samsaxurisada zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris, saqarTvelos garemos dacvis dabunebrivi resursebis saministros, aseve sxvadasxva sawarmoebis warmomadgenlebTan.kvlevis farglebSi aseve gamoikiTxa ramodenime e.w. ,,bomJi~ Tbilisissxvadasxva ubnebidan. raodenobrivi kvlevis farglebSi pirispir interviusmeTodiT gamoikiTxa TbilisSi mcxovrebi 600 respondenti.Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi gamosakiTxi respondentebi SerCeul iqnenSemdegi principiT:gamoikiTxa rva piri SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebebSi, romlebicTbilisis sxvadasxva raionebis dasufTavebas emsaxurebian (didube-CuRureTis, isani-samgoris, mTawmindis, krwanisis, vakis, saburTalos, naZaladevisada gldanis raionebi). aseve, gamoikiTxnen pirebi ori nagavsayrelis (gldani,ialRuja), qalaqis zedamxedvelobis da dasufTavebis saqalaqo samsaxurebidan,garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrodan, romlebic monawileobenTbilisis municipaluri narCenebis marTvaSi.kvlevam moicva sawarmoebi, romlebic saqmianobaSi iyeneben meorad nedleuls– qsnis minis taris qarxana, Tbilisis qaRaldis fabrika, plastmasis gadamamuSavebelikompania ,,metaloplastiki”, aseve, kompaniebi, romlebic SesaZloa,dainteresebulebi yofiliyvnen meoradi gadamuSavebiT: ,,koka-kola”, ,,yazbegi”,,,saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompania”, ,,nabeRlavi”, ,,evropaplius Treidingi”, ,,tao+”, ,,elkana”.yvela dasaxelebul saxelmwifo da kerZo struqturaSi gamoikiTxnenxelmZRvaneli pirebi. e.w. ,,bomJebis” SerCevis erTaderTi kriteriumi iyo maTisaqmianoba Tbilisis sxvadasxva ubnebSi.11

aodenobrivi kvlevisTvis respondentebis SerCeva moxda Semdegi principiT:SerCevis pirvelad erTeuls (klasters) warmoadgenda saaRwero ubani.saaRwero ubnebis SerCeva ganxorcielda SemTxveviTi, Probability Proportionalto Size (PPS) meTodis gamoyenebiT. SerCevis meorad erTeuls warmoadgendaojaxi. ojaxebis SerCeva ganxorcielda e.w. “SemTxveviTi xetialis” meTodiT.SerCevis saboloo erTeuls warmoadgenda respondenti. respondenti ojaxSiSeirCa bolo dabadebis dRis principis gamoyenebiT.2. Tbilisis municipalurpaluri narCenebis marTvis siste-ma da narCenebis marTvaSi CarTuli struqturebi2.1 municipalurpaluri i narCenebis marTvaSi CarTulistruqturebi, maTi ierarqia da movaleobebiTbilisis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuriqalaq TbilisSi municipaluri narCenebis marTvis mTavari makoordinirebeliorgano qalaqis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuria, romelic 2006 wlis 1ivliss Seiqmna. mis funqciebSi Sedis rogorc qalaqis sayofacxovrebo narCenebisgatanis organizeba, aseve nagavsayrelebis marTva. am TvalsazrisiT meriisdasufTavebis samsaxurma SeiTavsa is funqciebi, romlebsac adre raionuligamgeobebis keTilmowyobis ganyofilebebi da meriis keTilmowyobis samsaxuriasrulebdnen. meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuri Tbilisis calkeuli raionebisdasufTavebisaTvis xelSekrulebiT qiraobs SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobissazogadoebebs (Sps-ebs), romlebic maT qvemdebare raionebSi qalaqis dasufTavebisaTvisaucilebel sxvadasxva RonisZiebebs axorcieleben. analogiurad, daqiravebuliSps-ebi axorcieleben narCenebis ganTavseba-gauvneblebis samuSaoebsqalaqis or nagavsayrelze - gldanisa da iaRlujas nagavsayrelebze, sadacnarCenebis Semgrovebel da gamtan Sps-ebs Tbilisis municipaluri narCenebigaaqvT.Tbilisis meriis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuriqalaqis meriis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri 2005 wlis agvistodan aer-Tianebs sxvadasxva profilis samsaxurebs: yofili sanitariuli zedamxedvelobissamsaxurs, qalaqis garemosdacviT samsaxurs da administraciul inspeqcias.qalaqis meriis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris movaleobebSi Sedis qalaqis teritoriissanitariuli mdgomareobis Seswavla, nagavsayrelebis sanitariulimdgomareobis kontroli, adgilobrivi organoebisaTvis informaciis miwodebadasufTavebis procesis (narCenebis Segroveba-gatana) mimdinareobis Sesaxeb,nagavsayrelebis funqcionirebis Sesaxeb da sxv.rogorc meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuri, ise zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri,maTi funqciebis farglebSi, makontrolebel organoebs warmoadgenen, TumcamaTi funqciebi gamijnulia da erTmaneTs ar kveTs. dasufTavebis samsaxuriZiriTadad orientirebulia finansuri da samarTlebrivi mxareebis mogvarebaze,12

xolo zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri - sanitariuli normebis dacvis kontrolze.magaliTad, dasufTavebis samsaxuri gegmavs SeimuSaos, rogori unda iyos jarimebissistema, rogor unda moxdes misi aRsruleba, zedamxedvelobis samsaxuriki gansazRvravs normebs, Tu ra pirobebs unda akmyofilebdes konteinerebi,manqanebi da a.S; nagavsayrelis eqspluatacias axorcielebs qalaqis dasufTavebissamsaxuri, zedamxedvelobis organos muSaoba ki, imisken aris mimarTuli,rom nagavsayrelebis funqcionireba moxdes saTanado wesebis dacviT, ise, romaman safrTxe ar Seuqmnas mosaxleobis janmrTelobas.unda aRiniSnos, rom kvleva daemTxva mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs Tbilisismunicipaluri narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi. am mizezis gamo, respondentebiyvela uwyebaSi mxolod varaudebiT saubrobdnen maT awmyo da momaval funqciebze.maTi TqmiT, sistemuri cvlilebebi jer ganxorcielebis procesSia, amitomsabolood SesaZloa, kidev bevri ram Seicvalos.SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebebiqalaq Tbilisis dasufTavebas raionebis mixedviT rva SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobissazogadoeba emsaxureba. kerZod:• naZaladevis raioni – Sps ,,naZaladevi~;• mTawmindis raioni – Sps ,,Tbilservisi~ (Tbilisi-saarbriukenis erToblivisawarmo);• saburTalos raioni – Sps ,,saburTalos raionis sanitariuli dasufTavebisspecavtomeurneoba”;• gldanis raioni – Sps ,,sanitari gldani”;• krwanisis raioni – Sps ,,specavtomeurneoba krwanisi”;• vakis raioni – Sps ,,vake”;• isani-samgoris raioni – Sps ,,isani-samgoris sanitariuli dasufTavebisspecavtomeurneoba”;• didube-CuRureTis raioni – Sps ,,didube-CuRureTis sanitariuli dasufTavebisspecavtomeurneoba”.aRniSnuli SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebebi Seqmnilia raionuligamgeobebis im rgolis bazaze, romelic aseve qalaqis dasufTavebas emsaxureboda.amdenad, maTi xelmZRvanelebis umravlesobas aqvs municipalur organoSian uSualod dasufTavebis samsaxurSi muSaobis gamocdileba. Sps-ebis Tanam-Sromlebs warmoadgenen: administraciuli personali, mtvirTavi muSebi, mZRolebi,damgvelebi\meezoveebi, distributorebi, manqanis saremonto saamqroebis Tanam-Sromlebi. sul maTi ricxvi sxvadasxva Sps-ebis SemTxvevaSi 200-dan 400adamianamde meryeobs.qalaqis dasufTavebaze pasuxismgebeli Sps-ebis ZiriTad movaleobebswarmoadgens:13

• sayofacxovrebo narCenebis Segroveba-gatana;• quCebis dagva-dasufTaveba, morwyva, morecxva da monaxvetis gatana;• urnebis movla;• xevebis dasufTaveba;• upatrono ZaRlebis daWera-likvidacia.Sps-ebs Segrovebuli municipaluri narCenebi gldanis an ialRujasnagavsayrelebze gaaqvT. ialRujas nagavsayreliT sargebloben Sps-ebi, romlebicmTawmindis, krwanisisa da isani-samgoris raionebis dasufTavebas emsaxurebian.danarCen organizaciebs narCenebi gldanis nagavsayrelze gaaqvT. amJamadmoqmedebs erTi gadamzidi sadguri, romelic uqmdeba. sakuTari gadamtvirTisadgurebi aqvT organizaciebs, romlebic saburTalos, da vakis raionis dasufTavebasemsaxurebian. maT narCenebi Tavdapirvelad SeaqvT gadamzid sadgurebze,sadac nagavs ufro didi moculobis ramodenime manqanaze tvirTaven,rac narCenebis nagavsayrelze transportirebis xarjebs amcirebs.Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebi gansxvavebul informacias iZlevian upatronoZaRlebis daWeris funqciasTan dakavSirebiT. respondentebis nawili aRniSnavs,rom maT movaleobebSi es saqmianoba aRar Sedis, radgan amis winaaRmdeg cxovel-Ta dacvis organizaciebma gailaSqres. meore mxriv, aris raionebi, sadac Sesabamisiorganizaciebi ZaRlebis daWerasa da likvidacias axlac agrZeleben,magaliTad, didube-CuRureTis raionSi. am raionSi upatrono ZaRlebis problemagansakuTrebiT aqtualuria, radgan masSi savaWro adgilebis simravle ZaRlebissimravlesac iwvevs. yoveldRiurad organizacia 20-25 ZaRlis daWerasa dalikvidacias axdens. yoveldRiurad, daaxloebiT, imave odenobis mkvdari ZaRlebisgatanac uwevT. amasTan, xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac ama Tu im quCaze mawanwalaZaRlis arsebobis Sesaxeb samsaxurebs moqalaqeebi atyobineben, magram winaaRmdegobasuweven maT cxovelebis ganadgurebisas. mawanwala ZaRlebs iWers dagldanis nagavsayrelze miyavs Sps ,,vakesac.~ erT-erTi Sps-s warmomadgenlisinformaciiT, 2007 wlis ianvridan Sps-ebis funqciebSi mxolod cxovelebisdaWera da maTi cxovelTa TavSesafrebSi ganTavseba darCeba. SesaZloa, ZaRlebiSemowmebis Semdeg aicran da gamoyenebul iqnen laboratoriuli dakvirvebebisaTvis.gamokiTxuli Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebi miesalmebian am gadawyvetilebas.qalaqis nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ganTavsebisa da gauvnebelyofis samuSaoebsasrulebs ori kerZo kompania axorcielebs. amasTan, orive nagavsayrelisadministracias, Tavis mxriv, gaformebuli aqvs xelSekrulebebi kerZokompaniebTan, teritoriaze sadezinfeqcio samuSaoebis Casatareblad. nagavsayrelzemomuSave Sps-ebSi TanamSromelTa raodenoba gacilebiT naklebia – 11 kacigldanis nagavsayrelze da 16 kaci ialRujas nagavsayrelze (mmarTvelebi, dispetCerebi,meqanizatorebi, traqtoristebi, muSebi, darajebi).14

urTierToba saqalaqo samsaxurebsa da SezRuduli pasuxismge-blobis sazogadoebebs Sorisdedaqalaqis sxvadasxva ubnebis dasufTavebaze pasuxismgebeli Sps-ebismier nakisri valdebulebebis uxeSad darRvevis an sistematiuri SeusruleblobisSemTxvevaSi, damkveT organos (qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxurs) Seu-Zlia daqiravebuli organizaciebis winaaRmdeg garkveul sanqciebs mimarTos.qalaqis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuridan TiToeul raionze mimagrebulia teqzedamxedvelebi,romlebic dadian ubnebze da aRricxaven yvela SesaZlo Seferxebasqalaqis dasufTavebaSi. maT mier miwodebuli informaciis safuZvelzedasufTavebis samsaxurs SeuZlia garkveuli sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis gatareba,kerZod, Sps-s srulad ar gadauricxos kuTvnili Tanxa (magaliTad, Tu quCaar daigava droulad an ar moxda narCenebis droulad gatana).amas garda, rogorc qalaqis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuri acxadebs, sanitarulinormebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, amoqmeddeba administraciul samar-TaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis ramodenime muxli teritoriis dasufTavebis Sesaxeb,romlebic iTvaliswinebs jarimis dakisrebas im Sps-ebisTvis, romlebic jerovnadver asruleben dakisrebul movaleobas. ukidures sadamsjelo RonisZiebasSps-ebis mimarT kontraqtis gauqmeba warmoadgens, Tumca, jerjerobiT, aseTiSemTxveva ar yofila. xSiria Tanxis “CamoWris” SemTxvevebi sxvadasxva dar-RvevebisaTvis, Tumca, rogorc Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebi aRniSnaven, damkveTiyovelTvis iTvaliswinebs Semsrulebeli organizaciis SesaZleblobebs.nagavsayrelebis saqmianobasac qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuri akontrolebs.kerZod, dasufTavebis samsaxuri amowmebs ramdenad sworad aRricxaven nagavsayrelzemomuSave dispetCerebi Semosul nagvis manqanebs. rac Seexeba sanitarulinormebis dacvas, rogorc samsaxurSi aRniSnes, am mxriv nagavsayrelebzerTuli mdgomareobaa. pirobebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi, damkveTs SeuZliakontraqti gaauqmos nagavsayreli poligonis administraciasTan. jerjerobiTnagavsayrelebze raime sadamsjelo RonisZiebebis gatarebis an fuladi sajarimosanqciebis dakisrebis precendenti ar yofila.2.2 munici paluri i narCenebis marTvis sqema - zogadisuraTidasufTavebis sistemadReisaTvis TbilisSi moqmedebs narCenebis Segrovebis konteineruli,bunkeruli da zaris tipis sistemebi. maT Soris yvelaze gavrcelebulskonteineruli sistema warmoadgens. bunkeruli sistema ZiriTadad funqcionirebsmaRalsarTulian SenobebSi, xolo zaris sistema Tbilisis Zvel ubnebSi,romlebic Znelad misawvdomia nagvis manqanebisaTvis.korpusebSi bunkerebis daclis periodi mkafiod gansazRvruli ar arisda SeiZleba 5-dan 10 dRemde meryeobdes. nagvis Semgrovebeli konteinerebi ki15

unda daicalos yoveldRe (centralur quCebze dReSi or-samjer). rac SeexebaquCebis dasufTavebas, dReisaTvis dagvas eqvemdebareba pirveli da meore kategoriisquCebi. pirveli kategoriis (centraluri quCebi) igveba dReSi orjeran samjer, meore kategoriis quCebi – dReSi erTxel. saerTod ar igvebaquCebi, romlebsac ar aqvs asfaltis safari da gadaTxrilia.sad yriT nagavs Tqven da Tqveni ojaxis wevrebi?mosaxleobaSi Catarebulmakvlevamac daadastura, romgamokiTxulebis zustad naxevari –50.1% nagavs yris konteinerSi,saxlTan axlos. maTi 27.3%sargeblobs sadarbazoSi arsebulinagvis bunkeriT.rogorc kvlevam gamoavlina, narCenebis Segrovebis yvelaze efeqtur sistemaskonteineruli sistema warmoadgens, yvelaze araefeqturad ki, bunkerul sistemasTvlian. bunkerebidan narCenebis gatana ufro rTulia, vidre konteinerebisSemTxvevaSi. amas garda, ver xerxdeba bunkerebis dezinfeqcia, ris gamoc, bunkerimudmivi antisanitariis keraa da xels uwyobs mwerebisa da mRrRnelebisgavrcelebas. bunkeruli sistema sruliad gauqmebulia gldanSi. Sps ,,sanitarigldani”-s warmomadgeneli acxadebs, rom aman gaamarTla, radgan korpusebSiSemcirda virTxebis raodenoba.bunkeruli tipis sistemis erTaderT dadebiT mxared saxeldeba is, rommaRalsarTuliani korpusebis mcxovreblebs narCenebis gadasayrelad ezoSiCasvla ar uwevT. Tumca, respondentebi miiCneven, rom bunkeruli sistemiTmiyenebuli diskomforti – antisanitaria da suni, gacilebiT metia. amas isicemateba, rom bunkerTan miaxloeba muSebisTvis zogjer fizikurad SeuZlebelia,radgan zogierTi mosaxle manqanas Zalze mouxerxeblad ayenebs.konteineris upiratesoba is aris, rom igi advilad irecxeba da adviladutardeba dezinfeqcia. Tavdaxuruli konteineridan ar xdeba nagvis mimofantva.16

nagvis gatanis romel sistemas aniWebT upiratesobas?Tbilisis TiTqmis yvela raionSi garkveul monakveTze SemorCenilia zarissistema. rogorc respondentebi aRniSnaven, zaris sistema SedarebiT amarTlebsim raionebSi, sadac viwro quCebia, Tumca am sistemasac axlavs problemebi.sirTuleebi gansakuTrebiT Tavs iCens qalaqis ganapira raionebSi, sadac kerZodasaxlebebia da mosaxleobas Sinauri cxovelebic hyavs. respondenti Sps-dan,romelic isani-samgoris raionis dasufTavebas emsaxureba, zaris sistemis naklsase aRwers: sakuTar saxlebSi xSirad hyavT Sinauri cxoveli da frinveli,aqvT gacilebiT meti da specifiuri narCeni, vidre korpusebis mcxovreblebs(Tiva, nakeli da sxva). Sedegad, sami-oTxi ojaxisgan Segrovebuli nagavi sakmarisiaerTi manqanis gasavsebad. mosaxleoba daJinebiT moiTxovs, rom nagvismanqanam saojaxo narCenebTan erTad zemoT dasaxelebuli narCenebic gaitanos.nagviT datvirTuli manqana iZulebulia ramodenimejer miakiTxos quCas, magramdRis ganmavlobaSi yvelas Semovlas ver aswrebs. amis gamo, mosaxleobacukmayofilo rCeba da momsaxure Sps-c.sxva respondentebisgan ramdenadme gansxvavebul azrs gamoTqvams qalaqismeriis dasufTavebis samsaxuris warmomadgeneli. igi fiqrobs, rom TiToeulisistema garkveuli aucileblobiT aris gamowveuli. zaris sistema, magaliTad,amarTlebs raionebSi, sadac ar aris korpusis tipis dasaxlebebi. zogierTubanSi ki, dasufTavebis samsaxuri apirebs daarigos didi tevadobis konteinerebida winaswar moxdes SeTanxmeba mosaxleobasTan, Tu ra sixSiriT daiclebaisini.respondentma Sps ,,specavtomeurneobidan”, romelic saburTalos raionsemsaxureba, yuradReba gaamaxvila imaze, rom narCenebis SegrovebasTan dakavSirebuliproblemebi mosalodnelia axladaSenebul korpusebSic. man magaliTadmoiyvana axladaSenebuli korpusebi sportis sasaxlis mimdebare teritoriaze,romlebsac arc bunkerebi aqvT da arc miTiTebuli adgili, sadac nagvisSemgrovebeli konteinerebi unda daidgas. organo, romelic am saxlebis gegmasamtkicebs, am sakiTxiT saerTod ar interesdeba.17rogorc kvlevis monacemi cxadyofs,gamokiTxuli mosaxleobacupiratesobas konteiners aniWebs,magram rogorc Sps-ebiswarmomadgenlebi aRniSnaven, aravisunda konteineri misi saxlis windaidgas. es problema mougvarebeliamanam, sanam isini narCenebs arakonteinerSi, aramed mis gareT yrian.amas isic emateba, rom nagvisSemgrovebel konteinerebTan mudmivadyria samSeneblo narCenebi.mniSvnelovania im respondentebisraodenobac, romlebsac narCenebisgatanis zaris sistema moswonT(37.8%).

dReisaTvis qalaqis dasufTavebaSi jer kidev xSiria Seferxebebi. amasTavad Sps-ebic aRiareben da mizezad kadrebis simciresa da teqnikis siZvelesasaxeleben. narCenebis Segrovebasa da gatanasTan dakavSirebiT xSiria pretenizebirogorc Tbilisis mcxovrebTa, ise Sps-ebis makontrolebeli organoebismxridan.kvlevis dasrulebis etapze sxvadasxva Sps-ebma ukve daiwyes axaliteqnikis gamoyeneba, romelic qalaqis munici palitetma Semoiyvana. rogorcrespondentebi aRniSnavdnen, aman garkveuli Sedegi ukve gamoiRo, rac TbilisSigansakuTrebiT saRamos saaTebSi igrZnoba (magaliTad, sufTa da SampuniT morecxiliquCebi, sasiamovno surneli da a.S.). miuxedavad amisa, axali teqnikis eqspluataciisgamocdileba Zalize mwiria da maTi muSaobis Sefaseba Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebsmainc uWirT. amasTanave, zogierT gamokiTxuls aqvs informacia, romqalaqis municipalitetis mier Sesyiduli manqanebi sakmaod Zvelia da Sesa-Zloa, male gamovides mwyobridan.nagavsayrelebiamJamad qalaqs ori – gldanisa da ialRujas nagavsayrelebi emsaxureba.gldanis nagavsayrels didi tevadoba aqvs. igi 10 weliwadze metiamoqmedebs da mxolod 1000 kvadratuli metria aTvisebuli. misi moqmedebisvada ar aris gansazRvruli da damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra siswrafiT gaivsebanagavsayreli.poligonze yoveldRiurad Sedis daaxloebiT 250 manqana narCeni, rac2400 kubur metramde sayofacxovrebo narCens Seadgens. Semosuli narCenebisodenoba sistematiurad aRiricxeba, ramdenadac swored amiT ganisazRvrebanarCenebis Semgrovebeli kompaniebis da Tavad nagavsayrelze momuSave Sps-ebisbiujeti.poligonze Setanili narCenebi iwnexeba da xevSi traqtorebiT izideba.Semdeg xdeba sxvadasxva aalebis sawinaaRmdego saSualebebis Setana da morwyvakvamlis CaxSobis mizniT. nagavsayrelze traqtori tkepnis da garkveulad“akonservebs” narCenebs. amasTan, nagavsayreli or nawilad aris gayofili.rodesac erTi maTgani muSaobs, meores ukeTdeba dezinfeqcia da ar muSaobs dapiriqiT.gldanis nagavsayrelisaTvis yvelaze seriozul problemas wylis naklebobawarmoadgens. nagavsayreli Tavad zrunavs sakuTar wyalmomaragebaze. wyaliaucilebelia kvamlis lokalizaciisTvis. am etapze gldanis nagavsayrelzekvamlis likvidacia ver xerxdeba, ramdenadac wlebis manZilze dakonservebaarasworad xdeboda.18

iaRlujas nagavsayreli moqmedebs 12 welia. misi saerTo moqmedebisvada 30-40 wels Seadgens. poligonis farTobia 3 heqtari. yoveldRe nagavsayrelzesaSualod 1300-dan 1600 kuburi metri narCeni Sedis. bolo oriTvis ganmavlobaSi sagrZnoblad moimata narCenebis raodenobam: Tu manamdenagavsayrelze dReSi Sedioda daaxloebiT 1200 kuburi metri narCeni, axlapoligonze yoveldRiurad Sesuli narCenebis raodenoba aWarbebs 1700 kuburmetrs.nagavsayreli dRes Zalze martivad aris mowyobili. sadrenaJo sistemamoqmedebs, Tumca is Zalze Zvelia da misi moqmedebis xarisxi eWqveS dgas.narCenis konservacia, izolacia, miwiT dafarva da a.S. ar xdeba. narCeni iyrebaxevSi da xdeba misi wyliT morwyva. Tumca teritoriis sididis gamo, masiuradpoligonis morwyva, faqtobrivad, verc ialRujas nagavasayrelze xerxdeba.amdenad, adgili aqvs aalebas.rogorc respondentebi aRniSnaven, arcerTi nagavsayreli ar aris mowyobilidadgenili wesis Sesabamisad - ar aris SemoRobili, ar xdeba perioduladmiwiT gadafarva da sxva, ris gamoc xSiria TviTaaleba, rac sazianoa adamianisjanmrTelobisaTvis, miT ufro, rom nagavsayrelze aris polieTilenuri dasamedicino narCenebi. orive nagavsayrelze problemad rCeba sanitariuli mdgomareobiskontroli. poligonze moxvedrili narCenebis Semadgenloba arisazRvreba. ialRujas nagavsayrelis warmomadgeneli aRniSnavs, rom Tanxebissimciris gamo poligonze dezinfeqcia srulyofilad ver xorcieldeba.aRniSnuli problemebis gamo, ramdenadac ar xdeba narCenebis sworiganTavseba/gauvnebelyofa nagavsayrel poligonebze, rac mudmiv safrTxes uqmnismosaxleobis janmrTelobas, qalaqis zedamxedvelobis samsaxuris warmomadgenelifiqrobs, rom unda moxdes narCenebis utilizacia/dawva an meoradigadamuSaveba. misi azriT, magaliTad, narCenebis dawva specialur qarxnebSi(energiis gamoyofis mizniT an mis gareSe), iseve rogorc narCenebis gadamuSaveba,mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs narCenebis odenobas.2.3 munici palururi i narCenebis marTvis finansuri i as-peqtebiqalaq Tbilisis sakrebulos 2001 wlis 20 ivnisis gadawyvetilebiT, 1kuburi metri narCenis gatanis zRvruli tarifi (Rirebuleba) ganisazRvrebaq. Tbilisis TiToeuli raionisaTvis individualurad narCenebis zidvis saSualomanZilis mixedviT. aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebiT qalaq Tbilisis sakrebulomdaadgina, rom mosaxleobidan sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana-gauvneblebisRirebuleba 50 km saSualo zidvis manZilis pirobebSi Seadgens TveSi 67.2TeTrs. sakrebulom ZalaSi datova narCenebis gatana-gauvneblebis mosaxleobisTvisdamtkicebuli tarifi (40 TeTri TveSi erT sul mosaxleze) da19

daadgina, rom mosaxleobidan sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana-gauvneblebisRirebulebasa da mosaxleobisaTvis damtkicebul tarifs Soris sxvaoba, asevexarjebi 50 km-ze meti zidvis manZilisaTvis, unda daifaros raionul biujetebSigaTvaliswinebuli subsidiebis xarjze.sxvadasxva raionis Sps-ebisTvis ki, erTi sulis momsaxurebis xarjisxvadasxvaa. Sesabamisad, gansxvavebulad subsidirdeba sxvaoba mosaxlis miergadasaxdelsa da momsaxurebis realur Rirebulebas Soris. magaliTad, isanisamgorisraionSi Sps-s erTi mosaxlis momsaxureba 57 TeTri ujdeba. saxelmwifogamoyofs 17 TeTris subsidias TiToeul mosaxleze; saburTalos raion-Si Sps-s erTi mosaxlis momsaxureba 70 TeTri ujdeba. am SemTxvevaSi subsidia30 TeTrs Seadgens. aseve saxelmwifo subsidiis xarjze xdeba quCebis dasufTavebada monaxvetis gatana.qalaqis sxvadasxva raionebis dasufTavebaze momuSave Sps-ebis saqmianobisanazRaureba xdeba mosaxleobidan amoRebuli gadasaxadebiT, biznes struqturebidanamoRebuli gadasaxadebiTa da saxelmwifo subsidiiT. am etapze,narCenebis gatanis dabali gadasaxadisa da gadasaxadis gadaxdis dabali maCveneblisgamo, dafinansebis yvelaze stabiluri wyaro saxelmwifo subsidiaa.amJamad Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebi saxelmwifosTan urTierTobaSi aseTproblemaze amaxvileben yuradRebas: Sps-ebi ixdian damatebiTi Rirebulebisgadasaxads, romlis odenoba iangariSeba im Tanxidan, romelsac Sps-ebi TeoriulidaangariSebiT gadasaxadebiT unda iRebdnen. realuri amoReba gacilebiTnaklebia, magram es ar amcirebs maT mier biujetSi gadasaxdel Tanxas. amis gamo,praqtikulad, yvela gamokiTxul Sps-s aqvs biujetis davalianeba. respondentebiimedovneben, rom erTiani biujetirebis SemTxvevaSi, isini SeZleben maTikuTvnili Tanxebis srulad miRebas:,,magaliTad, me yovel Tve unda Semomdiodes 113 aTasi lari mosaxleobidan,realurad ki, 35-40 aTasi lari Tu Semomivida, kargia. me saxelmwifosdRg-s saxiT vuxdi am 113 aTasis 18%-s. ase xelSekrulebaSi miweria da Tanxasrulad Semomdis, Tu ara, mainc fiqsirebul gadasaxads vixdi. amas ematebamogebis gadasaxadic da rac mosaxlidan Semodis, is TiTqmis biujetis valebSimidis (Sps ,,specavtomeurneoba~ - isani-samgoris raioni)~.saxelmwifo aseve gamoyofs nagavsayrelze ganTavsebuli narCenebis adeqvaturTanxas. 1 kuburi metri narCenis ganTavsebisTvis gldanis nagavsayrelzesaxelmwifo 36 TeTrs gamoyofs, xolo iaRlujas nagavsayrelzeganTavsebisTvis - 47.5 TeTrs. amdenad nagavsayrelebze mimdinare samuSaoebimTlianad subsidirebulia. xarjebi ZiriTadad nawildeba sadezinfeqcio saSualebebze,teqnikis SekeTebaze, sawvavze, wylis miwodebaze da a. S.20

garda amisa, biznes struqturebi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ixdianSesabamis Tanxas poligonze narCenebis ganTavsebisaTvis. zogjer poligonzemosaxleoba aTavsebs remontis, an sxva didi moculobis narCens, Tumca rogorciaRlujas nagavsayrelis warmomadgenelma ganmarta, es erTeuli SemTxvevebiada am momsaxurebaSi poligoni mosaxles Tanxas ar Txovs.ramdenadac saxelmwifo subsidiebis odenoba rogorc narCenebis gatanis,aseve nagavsayrel poligonze ganTavsebis samuSaoebisaTvis ganisazRvreba narCenebissaerTo raodenobiT, aucilebelia poligonze Setanili narCenebis aRricxva.nagavsayrelze narCenis Setanis aRricxvis furclis Sedareba xdeba nagavsayrelsada Sps-s Soris, romelic mowmdeba beWdiT. es aqti Semdeg gadaecemameriis saqalaqo samsaxurs (magaliTad, respondentma Sps-dan, romelic naZaladevisraionis dasufTavebas emsaxureba, warmoadgina xarjTaRricxvis furceli,sadac Tveebis mixedviT aRniSnulia, Tu ramdeni kuburi metri narCeniSeitanes TiToeul Tves poligonze).narCenebis raodenobazea aseve damokidebuli calkeuli TanamSromlebisxelfasebic. magaliTad, yvela gamokiTxul Sps-Si, romlebic qalaqis dasufTavebasemsaxureba, mtvirTavi da mZRoli muSebis xelfasi ganisazRvreba maT miergatanili narCenebis odenobiT. meezove\damgvelis xelfass gansazRvravs mismier dagvili teritoriis sidide da kategoria.amdenad, rogorc gamtani, ise poligonze momuSave organizaciebi dainteresebulniunda iyvnen narCenebis raodenobis gazrdiT. Tumca, rogorc erT-erTiSps-s warmomadgenelma aRniSna, narCenebis gamtanis mier narCenebis poligonzeSetanis stimuli unda momdinareobdes ara moculobis gazrdiT pirdapirifinansuri dainteresebidan, aramed narCenebis aralegalur nagavsayrelze gan-TavsebisaTvis maRali sajarimo sanqciebidan. dReisaTvis arsebuli urTierTobebipirdapir uwyobs xels poligonze Setanili narCenebis maCveneblis xelovnuradgazrdas, vinaidan es saSualebas aZlevs narCenebis gamtans daafiqsirosmeti xarji, xolo poligons – miiRos damatebiTi dafinanseba. lavirebissaSualebas iZleva manqanebSi nagvis moculobac (savsea Tu ara manqana).rogorc respondentebma aRniSnes, dasaxelebuli problemis mosagvarebladpoligonebze sasworebis damontaJeba igegmeba.3. problemebi munici paluri narCenebis marTvissferoSidReisaTvis narCenebis sistemaSi arsebul problemebze saubroben rogorcsaqalaqo samsaxurebis warmomadgenlebi, ise am sistemaSi momuSave Sps-ebisTanamSromlebi da mosaxleoba.munucipaluri narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi ZiriTad problemas finansebisnakleboba warmoadgens. Tavis mxriv, resursebis simwires ukavSirdebamoZvelebuli avtoparki da muSaxelis denadoba. aseve, sistemas sirTuleebs21

uqmnis mosaxleoba da biznes-struqturebi, romlebic ara mxolod ar ixdiangadasaxads narCenebis gatanisaTvis, aramed nagvis quCaSi dayrasac ar eridebian.teqnikis siZvelis gamo, ferxdeba monaxvetis da sayofacxovrebo narCenisgatana. manqanebi xSirad gamodis mwyobridan. zogjer erTsa da imave ubanzeramdenime manqanis gagzavna xdeba saWiro. muSaoba dilis 6 saaTze iwyeba, magramteqnikuri problemebis gamo, mis dasrulebas droulad (dilis 8 saaTisaTvis)ver axerxeben. moZvelebuli manqanebidan nagavi nagavsayrelamde mitanamdeccviva.yvela Sps-Si, romlebic qalaqis dasufTavebas emsaxureba, aRniSnaven, rommosaxleobisgan saCivrebi xSirad Semodis da maTi Sinaarsi, ZiriTadad, erTnairia:• korpusebSi problematuria bunkerebis arseboba, romlebic ar icleba droulad;• mosaxleoba pretenzias gamoTqvams quCebSi samSeneblo narCenebis dagrovebisgamo;• problematuria mawanwala ZaRlebis arseboba;• problematuria bomJebis arseboba qalaqSi, rasac mosaxleoba avtomaturadukavSirebs Qqalaqis dabinZurebas.saSualod, kviraSi ramdenjer xdeba bunkeris dacla?is respondentebi, romelTa ojaxis wevrebi nagavs yriansadarbazos nagvis bunkerSi, gamokiTxulTa 27,3%respondentebi pretenziebiT, ZiriTadad, qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuris cxelxazs mimarTaven. aris uSualod Sps-ebisadmi mimarTvis SemTxvevebic. saCivrebs,erTgvarad, ,,sezonuri” xasiaTi aqvs – maTi raodenoba mkveTrad matulobszafxulSi.22

mosaxleobis ukmayofilebaze saubroben yvela gamokiTxul Sps-Si. gamonaklisskrwanisis raionis dasufTavebaze momuSave Sps warmoadgens. respondentiamas imiT xsnis, rom ubani ZiriTadad, italiuri ezoebisgan Sedgeba, sadackonteineruli momsaxurebaa. konteinerebi yovelTvis droulad icleba. bunkerebigauqmebulia. zogierT monakveTze aris zaris sistemac.rogorc Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebma da qalaqis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxurisxelmZRvanelma ganmartes, mas Semdeg, rac qalaqis meriam kompaniebsaxali nagavSemkrebi konteinerebi da nagvis manqanebi gadasca, situacia gaumjobesda.Tumca, kvlevis etapze gamokiTxul Sps-ebs praqtikulad ar hqondaTmaTi eqspluataciis gamocdileba.finansebis nakleboba problemebs qmnis nagavsayrelebzec. poligonebimouwyobelia da saWiroebs Sesabamisi teqnikiTa da kadrebiT aRWurvas, esaucilebelia imisaTvis, raTa ar moxdes ekologiuri safrTxis Seqmna dasafrTxeSi ar aRmoCndes mosaxleobis janmrTeloba. sadrenaJo sistema moZvelebuliada Tavis funqcias veRar asrulebs. nagavsayrelebis muSaoba arSeesabameba Tanamedrove standartebs.3.1 gadasaxadebis amoReba mosaxleobidanmosaxleobisagan gadasaxadis amoRebis maCvenebeli sxvadasxva raionSisxvadasxvaa, Tumca arsad aRemateba 65%-s. yvelaze maRali maCveneblebia vakis(daaxloebiT, 60%) da saburTalos (daaxloebiT, 65%) raionebSi. yvelazedabali ki naZaladevisa da krwanisis raionebSi (daaxloebiT, 25%). gadaxdismaCvenebeli yvela raionSi gaizarda mas Semdeg, rac Sps-ebma xelSekrulebebigaaformes eleqtro-energiis mimwodebel kompania ,,TelasTan~ da gadasaxadisamoReba masTan erTad daiwyes, Tumca gadasaxadebis amoReba mainc erT-erTyvelaze seriozul problemad rCeba.zogadad, TbilisSi mosaxleobidan gadasaxadis amoRebis maCvenebeli, daaxloebiT,50%-ia. Tumca, gansxvavebul suraTs qmnis Tavad mosaxleobis gamokiTxvisSedegebi.ixdiT Tu ara gadasaxads regularulad?Sps-ebisa da oficialuristruqturebisagan gansxvavebulinformacias iZlevian TbilisSigamokiTxuli respondentebi. maTiabsoluturi umravlesoba (80.4%)aRniSnavs, rom narCenebis gatanisgadasaxads regularulad ixdis.23

problemas qmnis is faqti, rom ar arsebobs meqanizmi, romlis daxmarebi-Tac Sps aiZulebs mosaxles dafaros nagvis gatanis safasuri. mizezi martivia– Tu Sps gadawyvets ar moemsaxuros romelime mosaxles korpusSi, es niSnavs,rom mas ar gaaqvs misi mezoblebis narCenebic, romelTa Sorisac TanabradSeiZleba iyvnen patiosani da urCi gadamxdelebi.respondentebis saerTo azria, rom gadasaxadis amoRebaSi ,,Telasis”CarTvam gaamarTla. Sps-ebi aRniSnul momsaxurebaSi ,,Telass~ amonagebidangarkveul procents uxdian, magram rogorc respondentebi aRniSnaven, gadasaxadisamoRebis gazrda am Tanxad uRirT - ,,Telass” qviTari absoluturadyvela ojaxSi miaqvs, sadac misi mricxveli dgas da erTgvarad axsenebs, rom maTara marto eleqtro-energiis, aramed wylis da dasufTavebis safasuric undagadaixadon. amdenad mosaxleobas TandaTan uyalibdeba nagvis gatanis gadasaxadisgadaxdis Cveva. ,,Telasi” uzrunvelyofs qviTrebis dabeWdvas da darigebasac.narCenebis gatanis safasuri Tavdapirvelad iricxeba ,,Telasis~ angariSze,Semdeg ki Sps-s angariSze im Tanxis gamoklebiT, rasac es ukansknelimomsaxurebaSi ,,Telass” uxdis.Tavdapirvelad Tanxis amoRebas servis-centrebis (e.w. saxlmmarTvelobebis)distributorebi axdendnen. maTi amoRebac ar iyo didi, magram isiniiyenebdnen sadamsjelo RonisZiebebs – magaliTad, davalianebis mqone moqalaqesar aZlevdnen saxlmmarTvelobidan moTxovnil cnobas. servis-centrebis gauqmebisSemdeg Sps-ebi dadgnen distributorebis daqiravebisa da sxvadasxva saorganizaciosakiTxebis mogvarebis aucileblobis winaSe, rac met danaxarjebsmoiTxovda, vidre ,,TelasisTvis~ gadaxdili safasuri.narCenebis gatanis gadasaxadis ,,TelasTan” erTad amoRebas mxolod erTiproblema axlavs Tan: nagvis gatanis gadasaxadi suladobiT iangariSeba, ,,Telasis”qviTrebze miTiTebuli ojaxebis suladoba ki xSirad ar aris swori.,,Telass” ojaxebis suladobis Sesaxeb informacia “Tbilwyalkanalma” miawoda.im ojaxebSi, romelTa Sesaxeb wyalsadens informacia ar hqonda, ,,Telasis”gadawyvetilebiT 4 suli Caweres. amis gamo, moqalaqeebs uxdebodaT misvladasufTavebis samsaxurebSi da monacemebis Secvlis moTxovna. am mizezis gamo,zogierTi mosaxle principulad ambobs uars nagvis gatanis safasuris gadaxdaze.Sps-ebSi dasaqmebuli respondentebi narCenebis gatanis tarifis simcirezecsaubroben. magaliTad, maTi TqmiT, tarifSi aisaxa sawvavis xarji, magramtarifis damtkicebis Semdeg sawvavis safasurma mniSvnelovnad moimata. amasdaemateba municipalitetis mier gadacemuli axali manqanebis momsaxurebisxarjebi, rac ufro Zviri iqneba. amitom, maTi azriT, tarifi aucilebladsaWiroebs gadaxedvas da realur xarjebTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanas.24

kvlevis sawyis etapze respondentebi ufro aqtiurad saubrobdnen tarifismomatebaze, Tumca, kvlevis dasasruls maT SedarebiT meti informaciahqondaT mosalodnel cvlilebebze sferos dafinansebisa da finansuri resursebiskontrolis TvalsazrisiT, amitom tarifis Tema ar yofila Zalze aqtualuri.amasTan, miuxedavad imisa, rom uklebliv yvela respondenti miuTiTebs,rom nagvis gatanis gadasaxadi minimaluria, Sps-ebs sakuTari Semosavlebisgazrdis yvelaze efeqtur saSualebad ara gadasaxadis gazrda, aramed amJamadarsebuli gadasaxadis srulad amoReba miaCniaT:,,tarifis gazrdam SeiZleba ara Tu gazardos, aramed Seamciros kidecCveni Semosavlebi, radgan patiosan gadamxdelebs bunebrivad gauCndebaT protesti– ,,gadasaxads me vixdi da fass me mimateb, naxevari qalaqis nagvisgadasaxadi Cems xarjze gindaT amoiRoT?” (Sps ,,specavtomeurneoba”, krwanisi).Tanaxma xarT, Tu ara, rom gadaixadoT meti Tanxa imisTvis,rom mowesrigdes dasufTavebis sakiTxi qalaqSi?narCenis gatanis gadasaxadismatebasTan dakavSirebiTgamokiTxuli mosaxleobis azridaaxloebiT Tanabrad iyofa,Tumca yoveli meoregamokiTxuli Tanaxmaa gazrdilisafasuri gadaixados, Tu esmoagvarebs dasufTavebisproblemas qalaqSi.3.2 urTierToba Toba biznes-struqturebTanmosaxleobisgan gadasaxadis amoRebasTan erTad Sps-ebs, romlebic sxvadasxvaraionebis dasufTavebas emsaxurebian, aqvT biznes-struqturebTan urTierTobisproblemac. biznes-struqturebs evalebaT xelSekrulebis gaformebaSesabamis Sps-ebTan da narCenebis gatanis gadasaxadis gadaxda ramdenadmegansxvavebuli tarifiT. realurad, problemebi iqmneba biznes-struqturebTanrogorc xelSekrulebis gaformebis, aseve gadasaxadis amoRebis etapze.biznes-organizaciebis mier narCenebis gatanis tarifi mkafiod gansazRvruliar aris. amaze is garemoeba miuTiTebs, rom gamokiTxuli Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebisxvadasxva Tanxebs asaxeleben da aRniSnaven, rom tarifi dgeba urTierT-25

SeTanxmebis safuZvelze – daaxloebiT gamoiTvleba dagrovebuli narCenismoculoba da maTi gatanis Rirebuleba.biznes-organizaciebisTvis tarifis gansazRvraSi unda monawileobdesrogorc zidvis manZili, aseve narCenebis odenoba da Tavad organizaciisxasiaTi. biznes-struqturebisaTvis tarifis dadgenas erT-erT seriozul problemadmiiCnevs qalaqis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuri. amis mizezi is aris, rom:• yvela struqturaSi sxvadasxva tipisa da moculobis narCeni grovdeba;• dasadgenia, konkretulad, ra kriteriumebis mixedviT SeiZleba gadaixadonnarCenebis gatanis safasuri sxvadasxva profilis dawesebulebebma (magali-Tad, ris mixedviT unda dafaros nagvis gatanis xarji sastumrom – farTis,Tu sawolebis odenobis mixedviT);biznes-organizaciebisaTvis tarifis daangariSebis sqemas mkafiod mxolodSps ,,vakis~ warmomadgeneli aRwers (es sqema ar moqmedebs Tbilisissxva raionebSi): vakis raioni nagavsayrelidan 78 km-iT aris daSorebuli. ammanZilis gaTvaliswinebiT, 1 kubur metr nagavze organizacias uwevs 11.97laris gadaxda. am TanxaSi gaTvaliswinebulia sawvavis, xelfasebis, manqanebiscveTisa da biujetis gadasaxadebi. narCenebis raodenobis gasarkvevad aucilebelia,savaWro obieqtebma an dawesebulebebma gaaformon xelSekruleba, risSemdegac maT teritoriaze daidgmeba konteineri da gaadvildeba gatanilinagvis moculobis daTvla.biznes-struqturebis umravlesoba narCenis gatanis gadasaxads saerTodar ixdis da mosaxleobis kuTvnili konteinerebiT sargeblobs. zogierTimaTgani ki uars ambobs maT mier Segrovebuli narCenis adeqvaturi Tanxisgadaxdaze da mxolod 3-5 lars ixdis. es ki Zalze mcirea, radgan respondentebisTqmiT, 1 kubur metr narCens saSualo sididis maRaziac ki 2-3 dReSiagrovebs, romelzec 10 lars mainc unda ixdides.biznes-organizaciebTan urTierTobis problemebze naklebad saubrobenim raionebSi, sadac maTi raodenoba ar aris didi da Sps-ebis SemosavalSi amgziT miRebul Semosavals mniSvnelovani wili ar uWiravs (magaliTad, naZaladevis,isani-samgoris raionebi). gacilebiT met problemas awydebian Sps-ebiqalaqis centralur raionebSi, sadac biznes-organizaciebis umetesobaa ganlagebuli,radgan amis gamo isini mniSvnelovan Semosavlebs kargaven. magaliTad,respondentma Sps-dan, romelic saburTalos raionis dasufTavebas emsaxureba,aRniSna, rom biznes-organizaciebis 70%, romlebic mis raionSia ganlagebuli,nagvis gatanis gadasaxads ar ixdis.gadasaxadis cudi gadamxdelia zogierTi saxelmwifo dawesebulebac.zogierTi maTganis davalianeba ramodenime aTasi laria. respondentebis in-26

formaciiT, am dawesebulebebs Soris garkveuli nawili ubralod urCi gadamxdelia,romelTac aqvT saSualeba nagvis gatanis mizeruli gadasaxadi gadaixadon,magram Tanxebs sxvagvarad xarjaven. zogierT dawesebulebas ki ara aqvsgadasaxadis dafarvis saSualeba. am ukanasknelT miekuTvneba sabavSvo baRebi daskolebi.biznes-struqturebTan urTierTobis sirTule mdgomareobs imaSi, rom ararsebobs aranairi berketi, romelic aiZulebs biznes-organizacas gaaformosxelSekruleba dasufTavebis organoebTan. saxelmwifo ki ar uzrunvelyofsbiznes-organizaciebis momsaxurebis subsidirebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom safasurisgadauxdelobis SemTxvevaSi Sps-s ufleba aqvs saerTod ar moemsaxurosbiznes-organizaciebs, realurad amis ganxorcieleba SeuZlebelia – sawarmoebimainc maT raionSi dayrian nagavs (SesaZloa, pirdapir quCebSic) da, sabolood,Sps-s mainc mouwevs maTi momsaxureba. erTaderTi gza biznes-organizaciebiswinaaRmdeg nagvis gatanis garkveuli droiT Seferxebaa, rac maT garkveuldiskomfots Seuqmnis.biznes-struqturebTan xelSekrulebas debs nagavsayrelebis administraciac.magaliTad, gldanis nagavsayrels aseTi xelSekruleba aqvs kompania,,eniselTan”. tarifi, iseve rogorc zemoT aRweril SemTxvevebSi, xelSekrulebissafuZvelze dgindeba.erT-erTi respondentis rekomendaciiT, umjobesi iqneba, Tu yvela biznesstruqturisSesaxeb informacias miiReben sagadasaxado samsaxuridan da Ti-Toeuls garkveuli meqanizmiT aiZuleben narCenebis gatanis safasuris gadaxdas(magaliTad, farTis mixedviT). SesaZloa, Seiqmnas konkretuli organizaciac,romelic narCenebis gadasaxadebis amoRebasa da jarimebze imuSavebs.3.3 kadrebidabali Semosavlebis gamo Sps-ebs, romlebic Tbilisis sxvadasxva raionebisdasufTavebas emsaxureba, uCndebaT kadrebis mozidvis problema. im SemTxvevaSicki, Tu muSis Sesrulebuli samuSao ar akmayofilebs damqiraveblismoTxovnas, es ukanaskneli ver aTavisuflebs mas, radgan ara aqvs imedi, romsxvis daqiravebas SeZlebs.magaliTad, Zalze dabali iyo mtvirTavi muSisa da mZRoli muSis xelfasi.mtvirTavi muSa TveSi saSualod, 65-70 lars gamoimuSavebda, mZRoli muSa ki –daaxloebiT 120-dan 160 laramde. Tu damgveli dagvis pirveli kategoriisquCas, 2500 kvadratul metrs, misi xelfasi 60 laramdea. meore kategoriisquCisaTvis damgveli igive anazRaurebas iRebs 3 aTasi kvadratuli metrisdagvisas. erTi ganakveTi 2 aTasi kvadratuli metris dagvas gulisxmobs.27

amasTan, TanamSromlebis didi nawili araqarTvelia, romlebic TbilisTanaxlomdebare raionebidan arian. amdenad maT TbilisSi binebis daqiraveba uxdebaT,xelfasi ki Zalian dabalia. amis gamo, Sps-ebis moTxovnebic maT mimarTminimaluria. imisaTvis, rom TanamSromlebis xelfasi ar iyos Zalze dabali,Sps-ebi cdiloben maT bevri saqme daavalon. magaliTad, damgvels dReSi saSualebamiscen dagavos 3 aTasi kvadratuli metri. damgvelebma saqmis dasrulebadilis rva saaTamde unda moaswron. xSirad es dro teritoriis dagvisTvis aryofniT, amitom isini Cqaroben da uxarisxod asruleben dakisrebul movaleobas.respondentebis azriT, xelfasebis gazrda am problemasac moagvarebs.aris aseTi SemTxvevebic: zogjer bevri muSa erTi da igive soflidan anraionidan aris. rodesac aRniSnul sofelSi an raionSi raime mniSvnelovanixdeba (religiuri dResaswauli, dakrZalva), yvela muSa erTad midis Sin. esiwvevs muSaxelis naklebobas.kvlevis dasrulebis etapze zogierTi Sps-s warmomadgeneli ukve aRni-Snavda, rom Sps-ebis TanamSromlebis xelfasebma moimata.3.4 arakonkurentuli garemo narCenebis marTvissferoSinarCenebis marTvis sistemis ganviTarebas xels uSlis is faqti, romnarCenebis marTvis sferoSi ar aris konkurencia. periodulad sakiTxiT interesdebianara mxolod qarTuli, aramed ucxouri kompaniebic, magram bevrimaTgani aRniSnul sistemaSi monawileobaze sabolood uars ambobs, radgan:• Tbilisi rTuli ganaSenianebis mqonea. mtkvris xeobaSi qalaqi gaSenebulia45 kilometris manZilze da rTuli mosavlelia;• aris sxvadasxva tipis dasaxlebebi. maRal korpusebSi bunkeruli sistemarTuli mosavlelia;• gadasaxadis amoRebis maCvenebeli dabalia, ris gamoc saqme ararentabeluria.amasTanave, ucxouri kompaniebi momsaxurebis sanacvlod maRal safasursiTxoven, risi dakmayofilebac Tbilisis municipalitets ar SeuZlia.yvela respondenti Tanxmdeba imaze, rom zogadad narCenebis biznesimTels msoflioSi perspeqtiulia, magram adeqvaturi dafinansebis gareSe igivesmiRweva saqarTveloSi SeuZlebelia. praqtikulad, yvela Sps-s, romlebic Tbilisissxvadasxva raionebis dasufTavebas emsaxureba, hqonda an aqvs saxelmwifosvali imis gamo, rom mosakreblis srulad amoReba ver xerxdeba. magaliTad, Sps,,specavtomeurneobaSi~ (krwanisi) aRniSnes, rom organizaciam bankidan orjergamoitana sesxi imisaTvis, rom saxelmwifosTvis damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxadigadaexada da muSaoba gaegrZelebina.28

narCenebis sferoSi arakonkurentul garemoze metyvelebs tenderebismimdinareobis xasiaTic. Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebis gancxadebiT, ukanaskneladtenderi 2006 wlis gazafxulze Catarda. tenderis pirobebze konkretuladisini ver saubroben. bevri maTgani aRniSnavs, rom ubralod, Seitana ganacxadida pirobebs detalurad ar gacnobia. zogadi moTxovnebi iyo, rom quCebi ukeTdaigavos da moirwyas, narCenebis gatana moxdes operatiulad da qalaqs axaliteqnika moemsaxuros. respondentebi xSirad aRniSnavdnen rom tenderebs mxolodformaluri xasiaTi aqvT, ramdenadac tederis pirobebis dakmayofilebaSps-ebs maT xelT arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebiT Zalian gauWirdebodaT.amJamad Sps-ebs moklevadiani xelSekrulebebi aqvT gaformebuli dasufTavebissamsaxurTan. respondentebi axali tenderis gamocxadebas Semodgomazeelian, romlis safuZvelzec kompaniebi xuTwliani vadiT SeirCeva. respondentebmaisic aRniSnes, rom Tu qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuri maT grZelvadianxelSekrulebebs gauformebs, isini teqnikis gaumjobesebasac SeZleben, rac verxerxdeba moklevadiani urTierTobis pirobebSi.dabali konkurenciaa nagavsayreli poligonebis marTvis saqmeSic. gldanisnagavsayrelze gamocxadebul tenderSi gamarjvebuli Sps “Zalas” warmomadgenlebmaaRniSnes, rom tenderis dros bevri predendenti ar yofila, radgansaqme maRalSemosavliani ar aris. respondentebi imedovneben, rom erTwlianikontraqtis amowurvis Semdeg isini kvlav SeZleben tenderSi gamarjvebas dasaqmianobis gagrZelebas.narCenebis sferoSi konkurenciis ararsebobas respondentebi imiT xsnian,rom ,,narCenebis sferoSi muSaoba arasasiamovnoa, amitom amis ambicia aravisaqvs”. respondentebis azriT, poligoni ucxoel investorebs mxolod im SemTxvevaSidaainteresebs, Tu Seiqmneba gadamamuSavebeli warmoeba. magaliTad, nagavsayrelzearsebuli nedleuli SesaZlebelia, gamoyenebul iqnes gazis, eleqtroenergiis,sasuqis da a.S. misaRebad. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom axali teqnikisSemoyvana momavalSi sruliad Secvlis satendero pirobebs. garda amisa, gaizrdebakontroli zedamxedveli organizaciisagan.mcire xnis win iaRlujis nagavsayrelTan TanamSromlobis survili iaponelmainvestorebma gamoTqves. maTi mizania, narCenebis gadamuSaveba energiis miRebismizniT. es molaparakeba adreul stadiazea.3.5 mosaxleobis cnobierebis donedasufTavebis organoebis warmomadgenlebi aseve gadaulaxav winaaRmdegobadmiiCneven mosaxleobis TviTSegnebis dabal dones. raionebSi, sadac ukvedaidga Tavdaxuruli konteinerebis mcire raodenoba, respondentebis infor-29

maciiT, mosaxleoba mainc konteinerTan yris nagavs – zogierTs Tavsaxurisaxda ezareba, zogierTi bavSvebs atans narCenebs, romlebic konteineris Tavsaxursver wvdebian da a.S.erT-erTi yvelaze problemuri Sps-ebisTvis samSeneblo masalebisa daremontis Semdeg darCenili narCenebis gatanaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom narCenebisSemgrovebel da gamtan Sps-ebs mxolod sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatanaevalebaT, mosaxleoba konteinerebSi sayofacxovrebo narCenTan erTad yrissamSeneblo masalebs, totebs da sxvas. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac remontisSedegad dagrovil nagavs maRalsarTuliani korpusebis mcxovreblebi pirdapirbunkerSi yrian. bunkerebidan samSeneblo masalis gamotana da manqanebzeganTavseba ki seriozul siZneleebTan aris dakavSirebuli. zogjer mosaxleobasxvadasxva tipis narCens pirdapir manqanebidan da fanjrebidanac yris.sayofacxovrebo narCenebisa da samSeneblo masalebis Sereva safrTxes uqmnisim teqnikas, romelic qalaqis municipalitetma Semoiyvana. es manqanebi axdenennarCenebis daqucmacebas, maTSi sxvadasxva tipis narCenis Serevam ki SeiZlebaisini mwyobridan gamoiyvanos. konteinerebs muSebis dauxmareblad manqanebiclian sabargulze, sadac xdeba narCenis daqucmaceba da dapresva. manqanebs aqvsramdenime saxis makontrolebeli damcavi sistema. magaliTad, ar iRebs konteiners,Tu misi wona 500 kilograms aRemateba; im SemTxvevaSi, Tu konteinerSididi raodenobiT rkina an minaa, irTveba signali, romelic acnobebs muSas, romnarCenebis gadamuSaveba rTuldeba. miuxedavad am saxis damcavi meqanizmebisa,mainc arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom konteinerebSi moTavsebulma arasayofacxovrebonarCenebma daazianon manqanebi.respondentebis informaciiT, 2007 wlis ianvridan igegmeba sareklamorgolis ganTavsebac satelevizio eTerSi imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra saxis narCenebiunda moTavsdes konteinerSi.rogorc Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebis saubridan irkveva, mkafiod ar arisgansazRvruli, rogor unda moiqces moqalaqe, rodesac mas arasayofacxovrebonarCeni daugrovdeba. respondentebis azriT, isini, ubralod, unda daukavSirdnenSps-s, romelic maTi raionis dasufTavebas axorcielebs da garkevulisafasuris sanacvlod moelaparakon narCenebis gatanaze. amas bevri moqalaqesamSeneblo narCenebis RamiT gatanasa da centralur gzaze dayras arCevs.Semdeg amas sxvebi ramodenime Sekvra narCensac Tu daamateben, Soridan moCansise, rom centralur quCaze nagvis grova yria.zogierTi mosaxle saremonto samuSaoebis Semdeg qiraobs manqanas, romelsacgaaqvs samSeneblo nagavi, magram aRniSnul manqanebs nagavi gaaqvT da isevkonteinerebTan clian. mosaxlisTvis, am SemTxvevaSi, sul erTia, Tu vis gadauxdisfuls momsaxurebisTvis, magram amiT zaraldeba raioni. zaraldeba Sps-c,30

omelsac xSirad ramodenime manqanis gagzavna uxdeba am narCenis Sesagrovebladda gasatanad. es misTvis damatebiTi xarjia.mosaxleobis mier qalaqis dabinZurebaze aramarto dasufTavebis organoebis,aramed Tavad mosaxleobaSi gamokiTxuli respondentebic saubroben.maTi 59.6% adasturebs, rom maT sadarbazosTan\ezosTan yria nagavi, amis ZiriTadmizezad ki, isini imas asaxeleben, rom ,,dasufTavebas azri ara aqvs, radganmainc yvela yris” (68%).Tqveni azriT ra aris amis mizezi?gTxovT daasaxeloT qalaqSi antisanitaruli pirobebis mTa-vari mizezebigamokiTxuli mosaxleobisTvis maTisacxovrebeli adgilis mimdebareteritoriaze arsebuli sanitarulimdgomareoba, SeiZleba iTqvas,kritikulia – fasdeba 4.1 quliT 11balian Skalaze (ixileTgrafikuli angariSi).gamokiTxulebis 81.5%-is azriT,qalaqis dabinZurebaSi lomis wiliswored mosaxleobas miuZRvis.gamokiTxulebis gacilebiT mcirenawili Semqnil mdgomareobaSikomunalur samsaxurebsacadanaSaulebs (59.2%). aseve,araukanasknel mizezad sferoSisadamsjelo RonisZiebebisararseboba saxeldeba.Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad yvelaze efeqtur saSu-alebad sajarimo sanqciebi saxeldeba.31SeniSvna: respondentebs hqondaT ramdenimepasuxis gacemis SesaZlebloba. Sesabamisad,pasuxebis jami aRemateba 100%-s. “sxva”_SigaerTianebuli is pasuxebi, romelTamaCvenebeli ar Remateba 1%-s.

4. cvlilebebibi munici paluri narCenebis marTvissferoSimunicipaluri narCenebis marTvis sferoSi momuSave uklebliv yvelarespondenti aRniSnavda, rom bolo periodSi qalaqis dasufTavebis sferoSimniSvnelovani sasikeTo cvlilebebi mimdinareobs. qalaqis meria aqtiuradaris daintersebuli municipaluri narCenebis marTvis gaumjobesebiT. es, maTimxridan, sferoSi CarTuli sxvadasxva rgolebisTvis qmediT daxmarebaSi gamoixateba.kerZod:• Seiqmna specializebuli struqtura - qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuri, ramacunda gaaZlieros sferoze kontroli da gazardos sxvadasxva rgolebsSoris koordinaciis xarisxi. Seqmnili samsaxuri uSualod qalaqis dasufTavebasuwevs kurirebas da sxva funqcia ar gaaCnia. es uzrunvelyofsyuradRebis metad koncentrirebas dasufTavebis problemebze.• municipalitetma Camoitana axali, daxuruli tipis narCenebis Semkrebikonteinerebi, aseve, ucxouri manqanebi narCenebis gasatanad da cocx-manqanebi,romlebic recxavs quCebs. amas garda, igegmeba sferos TanamSromelTa xelfasebisgazrdac.respondentebi Tvlian, rom praqtikulad, municipalitetma am etapze SpsebisgasakeTebeli saqme iTava da ukanaskneli ramdenime Tvis manZilze SesruldasamuSaoebi, romelTa msgavsi moculobiTa da mniSvnelovnebiT ,,bolo 10wlis manZilze araferi gakeTebula~.kvlevis mimdinareobis procesSi Sps-ebma, romlebic sxvadasxva raionebisdasufTavebas emsaxurebian, meriis keTilmowyobis samsaxurisgan ukve miiResaxali teqnika – narCenebis gadasazidi manqanebi, romlebic Sps-ebs ijariTgadaecaT. rogorc erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, maT transportirebasTanerTad narCenebis dapresvisa da gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebic aqvs. teqnikisSevsebas respondentebi 25 agvistomde elodebian.respondentebis azriT, municipalitetis mier ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebiamaRlebs sferos prestiJs da mosaxleobis motivacias Sesabamis organizaciebTanTanamSromlobisaTvis. erT-erTi respondenti imeds gamoTqvams, rom:,,mosaxleobisTvis axali teqnika, konteinerebi da erT uniformaSi gamowyobilidamlageblebi erTgvari stimulia. maT mudmivad hqondaT pretenziebidasufTavebis samaxurebTan, muSaobis xarisxis gamo. amJamad, yvela wertilSidadgmuli axali konteineri, SampuniT morecxili asfalti, axali nagavmzidebi,Ramis saaTebSi dasufTavebuli quCa, uxmauro dasufTaveba maTSi, piriqiT, madlierebasgamoiwvevs da TviTonac dagvexmarebian sisufTavis SenarCunebaSi~.32

zemoaRniSnuli siaxleebis garda, respondentebis informaciiT, qalaqismunicipaluri narCenebis marTvis sferoSi igegmeba Semdegi cvlilebebi:• mosaxleobidan gadasaxadebis amoRebaze pasuxismgeblobas sakuTar TavzeaiRebs meria, xolo Sps-ebTan moxdeba sruli angariSsworeba nagavsayrelzeSetanili narCenebis odenobis mixedviT. amdenad, Sps-ebs aRar eqnebaT SexebamosaxleobasTan. isini pirdapir miiReben anazRaurebas gaweuli momsaxurebisTvis.rogorc qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuris warmomadgeneli aRniSnavs,am cvlilebebis Semdeg dasufTavebis samsaxuri gacilebiT mets moiTxovsSps-ebisgan. municipalitetis mier gadasaxadis amoRebis sakuTar Tavze aRebasmiesalmeba uklebliv yvela gamokiTxuli respondenti. isini imedovneben, romam SemTxvevaSi, sakuTari danaxarjebis srulad amoRebis SeZleben.• amgvarad, saxelmwifo Tanxas isev gasatani narCenebis moculobis mixedviTgamoyofs. amasTan, erT-erTi mniSvnelovani parametri iqneba zidvis manZili.Tumca, zustad dasadgenia ramden kubur metr narCens Seadgens erTi tonanarCeni, ramden bunkers da konteiners emsaxurebian da a.S. aseve, arsebobssaSiSroeba rom Sps-ebma poligonze Seiyvanon manqanebi, romlebic ar arissavse an dacalon naxevrad savse konteineri. amis Tavidan asacilebladpoligonebze damontaJdeba sasworebi, romelzec nagvsayrelze Semsvleliyvela manqana aiwoneba.• qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuri Tavad amoiRebs gadasaxadebs biznes struqturebidanac,vinaidan Sps-ebi maT xelT arsebuli resursebiT amas veraxerxeben.• daiwyo Ssp-ebis TanamSromlebis xelfasebis gazrda. samomavlod, igegmebawarCinebuli muSebis wasaxaliseblad daajildovebac (magaliTad, fuladipremiebiT). Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebis informaciiT, 2007 wlis 1 agvistodanTanamSromlebis saSualo anazRaureba damgvelebisTvis Seadgens - 200 lars,mtvirTavi muSebisTvis - 350 lars, mZRoli muSebisTvis - 500 lars.• samSeneblo narCenis dagrovebis SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobas saSualeba eqnebaisargeblos Sps-s cxeli xaziT da mas garkveuli safasuris sanacvlodnarCenebis gatana sTxovos. Sesabamisi gadasaxadis gadaxdis Semdeg mosaxleamis damadasturebel qviTars miiRebs. es damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaroiqneba rogorc Sps-ebisTvis, aseve saxelmwifo biujetisTvis. erT-erTi Spsswarmomadgenlis informaciiT, aRniSnuli momsaxurebis Sesaxeb sareklamorgolebi satelevizio eTerSi 2007 wlis ianvridan ganTavsdeba.• rogorc mosaxleobisTvis, aseve biznes-struqturebisTvis, romlebic qalaqsanagvianeben, qalaqis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuri sajarimo sanqciebis SemoRebasapirebs. igegmeba damatebiTi ganyofilebis Seqmna, romlis TanamSromlebsaceqnebaT administraciul samarTaldarRvevaze oqmis Sedgenis da im adamianebis33

da biznes-struqturebis dajarimebis ufleba, romlebic sanitariul normebsar daicaven. meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuSi varaudoben, rom maTi dafinansebisZiriTadi wyaro swored jarimebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi iqneba (igulisxmebarogorc mosaxleobidan, aseve Sps-ebidan miRebuli Semosavlebi). aseve, samsaxurseyoleba 40 teqnikuri zedamxedveli.qalaqis meriis dasufTavebis samsaxuris warmomadgenlis informaciiT,dasaxelebuli cvlilebebi 2007 wlis 1 seqtembridan Seva ZalaSi. maleSedgeba samarTaldarRvevis oqmis nimuSic. TbilisSi axlac dadis ,,opelis~markis yviTeli avtomanqanebi, romlebiTac qalaqs teqnikuri zedamxedvelebiqalaqs amowmeben. maTi forma narinjisferia. es iqneba patrulis msgavsiorganizacia, romelic qalaqSi sisufTaves gaakontrolebs.garda amisa, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministromuSaobs ramodenime mniSvnelovan mimarTulebaze:• narCenebis marTvis saerTo strategiis, koncefciis Seqmna (mzad iqneba amawlis dasasruls an 2007 wlis dasawyisSi);• saboloo saxes iZens erovnuli gegma organuli damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb.holandiis mTavrobam daafinansa holandiuri arasamTavrobo organizacia, romelickaxeTis regions mTlianad gaasufTavebs organuli damabinZureblebisagan;• gaeros ganviTarebis programasTan erTad igegmeba narCenebis inventarizaciasaqarTvelos masStabiT. es gulisxmobs narCenebis aRricxvas, maTi Semcvelobisada adgilmdebareobis dagdenas da sainformacio bazis Seqmnas.• Seiqmna kanonproeqti narCenebis marTvasTan dakavSirebiT, romliTac ganisazRvrebasxvadasxva erTeulebis ufleba-movaleobebi am sistemaSi (kanonproeqtisxvadasxva struqturebTan SeTanxmebis stadiaSia).garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros saqmianobaSi ZiriTadproblemas kvalificiuri kadrebis simcire warmoadgens, Tumca saministroswarmomadgeneli Tvlis, rom aRniSnuli problema mogvarebadia. magali-Tad, saministrom Cex kolegebTan erTad SeimuSava narCenebis inventarizaciismeTodologia, formebi da apirebs eqspertebis daqiravebas, romlebic adgilobrivkadrebsac aumaRleben kvalifikacias.5. narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebis perspeq-tivebi5.1 narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi CarTuli organizaciebidaxarisxebuli narCenebis gadamuSavebis SesaZle-blobebis Sesaxebyvela gamokiTxuli Sps-s warmomadgeneli Tanxmdeba imaze, rom narCenebSimniSvnelovani resursi xvdeba – minis boTlebi, plastmasis nivTebi, muyaos34

yuTebi da a.S. maTi azriT, Sesabamisi teqnikisa da dafinansebis SemTxvevaSi,SeiZleba maTi damuSaveba momgebian saqmed iqces. amis miuxedavad, respondentebsara aqvT mkafio warmodgena am sakiTxze da Tvlian, rom es mainc sarisko saqmea,romlis ganxorcielebaSi lomis wili saxelmwifom unda Seasrulos. manveunda misces stimuli kerZo kompaniebs.qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuris warmomadgenlis azriT, sasurvelia, narCenebisdaxarisxebas organizeba isev Sps-ebma gaukeTon da ara iseTma organizaciebma,romlebsac sferosTan aranairi Sexeba ar aqvT. miT ufro, rom Sps-ebsukve gaaCniaT garkveuli infrastruqtura.Sps-ebis warmomadgnelebi, romlebic sxvadasxva raionebis dasufTavebasemsaxurebian, Tvlian, rom maTTvis daxarisxebuli narCenebis gatana momgebianiiqneba, Tu SeeZlebaT Segrovebuli meoradi nedleulis gayidva da, amiT damatebiTiSemosavlis miReba. amiT moigebs saxelmwifoc, romelsac Sps-ebi gayidulinedleulidan damatebiTi Rirebulebis gadasaxads gadauxdian. rogorcerT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, narCenebis meoradi nedleulis saxiT Cabarebamomgebiani iqneba, Tu am saqmis wilSi ar aris saxelmwifoc, ,,radgan narCenebsmunicipaluri hqvia. meoradi nedleulis SegrovebisaTvis me saxelmwifosgadavuxdi dRg-s. esec xom Semosavalia saxelmwifosaTvis. me dainteresebaunda mqondes da meoradi nedleulis Segroveba unda miRirdes. evropaSi asea,rom vinc narCens agrovebs, is misia~ (Sps ,,Tbilservisi~).amJamad narCenebis daxarisxebisa da meorad nedleulad gayidvis gamocdilebaaqvs mxolod or Sps-s – “Tbilservissa” da ~vakes.~ orive kompania agrovebs,wnexs da yidis qaRalds, rogorc meorad nedleuls. maTi klienti TbilisisqaRaldis fabrikaa.Sps ,,vakem~ sakuTari xarjiT SeiZina plastmasis sapresi manqanac, romlisgamoyeneba mcire xnis win daiwyo. es saqmianoba axali dawyebuli aqvT da jerCambarebeli organizacia ar mouZebniaT, Tumca fiqroben, rom klientis povna argauWirdebaT. respondents aqvs idea, rom Segrovebuli plastmasiT SesaZlebeliaigive nagavSemkrebi konteinerebis damzadeba.gamokiTxuli Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebis azriT, narCenebis daxarisxebuladSegroveba gazrdis narCenebis gatanis saerTo xarjebs, amasTan, saWiroiqneba damatebiTi konteinerebis gamoyofa. Tumca, meores mxriv, isini dadebiTefeqtebs Soris gamoyofen: narCenebis odenobis Semcirebas; utilizaciis gaaumjobesebas;poligonis ,,sicocxlis xangrZlivobis” gazrdas; da garemos dabinZurebisSemcirebas.5.2 mosaxleobis roli narCenebis daxarisxebuladSegrovebaSiimisaTvis, rom narCenebis meoradi moxmareba advilad da efeqturad moxdes,aucilebelia nagvis daxarisxeba ara nagavsayrelebze, aramed saxlis pirobebSian specialur punqtebSi xdebodes. es Seamcirebs maT dabinZurebas da gazrdismeoradi gadamuSavebisaTvis vargisi nedleulis wils.35

yuradsaRebia, rom organizaciebSi gamokiTxuli uklebliv yvela respondentiaRniSnavs, rom mosaxleobisgan narCenebis daxarisxebis moTxovna naadrevia.am periodisaTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovnad is miaCniaT, rom mosaxleobamnarCenebis uSualod bunkerSi an konteinerSi moTavseba iswavlos. Semdgometapze ki isini unda gaaTviTcnobieron problemaSi da narCenebis daxarisxebuladSegrovebis aucileblobaSi daarwmunon. saamisod yvelaze efeqturgzad gadamamuSavebeli warmoebisa da Cambarebeli punqtebis Seqmna miaCniaT:,,moqalaqes narCenebis daxarisxebulad Sesagroveblad unda hqondes stimuli:is amiT an moqalaqeobrivi poziciis gamo unda iyos dainteresebuli da icodes,rom sasargeblo saqmes akeTebs an unda hqondes finansuri interesi, dRes kiSesabamisi stimuli ar arsebobs~.Tavad gamokiTxuli mosaxleobis didi nawili ki garkveul mzadyofnasgamoxatavs narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebis sistemis danergvis mimarT:miiRebT Tu ara monawileobas nagvis daxarisxebis sistemaSi?gamokiTxulebi organizaciebidan, romlebicqalaqis dasufTavebis sferoSi muSaoben,mosaxleobis kulturis dones mTavarproblemad Tvlian da aRniSnaven, rom ,,Cvensaukune dagvWirdeba, rom nagvisdaxarisxebulad Segroveba viswavloT~. amismiuxedavad, gamokiTxuli mosaxleobis 66.5%Tanaxmaa monawileoba miiRos nagvisdaxarisxebulad SegrovebaSi. maT, visac arsurs sistemaSi monawileobis miReba an aricis, rogor moiqceva, amis ZiriTadmizezad drois faqtori moyavT - 17.1%.geqnebaT Tu ara survili CaabaroT daxarisxebuliproduqcia specialur Cambarebel punqtebSi, TuamisaTvis dawesdeba Sesabamisi anazRaureba?36mosaxleobaSi Catarebuli kvlevidanirkveva, rom korpusebSi bunkerebiiSviaTad icleba. gamokiTxulebis37.8% ambobs, rom maT sacxovrebelsaxlSi bunkeri mxolod TveSierTxel icleba. es informaciaradikalurad gansxvavdeba Sps-ebiswarmomadgenlebisgan miRebuliinformaciisgan, romlebic amboben,rom bunkerebidan nagavi 10 dReSierTxel mainc gaaqvT, TumcaaRniSnaven, rom yvelaze metproblemas swored bunkerebTanmuSaobisas awydebian.

gamokiTxuli Sps-ebidan mxolod erT respondents (didube-CuRureTis,,specavtomeurneoba~) aqvs informacia, rom 2007 wlis ianvridan, SesaZloa,daidgas ramodenime saxis konteineri da mosaxleobas sTxovon garkveulitipis narCenis gamocalkeveba danarCenisgan.Sps-ebis warmomadgenlebis azriT, gasaTvaliswinebelia Tbilisis sxvadasxvaraionebis specifikac. magaliTad, im raionebSi, sadac ZiriTadad kerZodasaxlebebia (magaliTad, naZaladevis raioni), mosaxleobas ugrovdeba iseTitipis narCeni, rac iSviaTia centraluri raionebSi – nagavi, romelic grovdebaezoebis movlisas. Sesabamisad, narCenebis raodenoba, romlebic gamodgebameorad nedleulad, SedarebiT mcirea. gansxvavebulia viTareba centraluriubnebSi, sadac ganlagebulia bevri saxelmwifo da kerZo dawesebuleba. aseTadgilebSi ufro didi raodenobiT grovdeba, magaliTad, qaRaldi.5.3 sxvadasxva kerZo kompaniebi, daxarisxebulinarCenebis gadamuSavebis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxebnagavsayrelze moxvedrili resursebis mravalferovnebasa da gamoyenebisSesaZleblobebze saubroben ara mxolod qalaqis dasufTavebis sistemaSimomuSave, aramed sxvadasxva kerZo kompaniebic, romlebsac garkveuli SexebaaqvT sferosTan an Tavad iyeneben narCens saeqsportod. nagavsayrelze Segrovebulyvela tipis resurss - plastmasi, jarTi, tyavi, feradi liToni(spilenZi, oqro, romelic aris sxvadasxva teqnikur nawilebSi), muyao da a.S.,sakuTari momxmarebeli hyavs.sxvadasxva subieqtebis TxovniT am masalebs nagavsayrelze ,,bomJebi~agroveben, magram amas organizebuli da masobrivi xasiaTi ara aqvs. nagavsayrelzearsebuli resursebis aTvisebas xels uSlis:• riski, rac am sferoSi investiciis ganxorcielebas axlavs Tan, radgan igisruliad auTvisebelia;• Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis ararseboba – narCenebis aTviseba, praqtikulad, arregulirdeba;• nagavsayrelze momuSave potenciuri muSaxelis (,,bomJebi~, maTxovrebi) arasandoobada maTi mxridan motivaciis ararseboba;• nagavsayrelze Segrovebuli narCenebis sibinZure, rac xSirad uvargiss xdismaT.erT-erTma kompaniam, romelic erTi wlis manZilze nagavsayrelze Segrovebulplastmasis nivTebsa da plastikis boTlebs recxavda, Wrida, presavdada saeqsportod gahqonda aziis qveynebSi, yvela dasaxelebuli sirTulesakuTar Tavze gamoscada. respondents problemebs uqmnida kanonmdeblobisarasrulyofileba, romelic narCenebis Segrovebasa da gatanas ar krZalavs,magram arc aregulirebs. respondentis saqmianobis kontrols, praqtikulad,37

aravin eweoda. mas xelSekruleba hqonda nagavsayrelTan da garkveul Tanxasuxdida, Tumca respondentma ver moZebna urTierTobis forma nagavsayrelTan,romelic am ukanasknels aiZulebda, miRebuli Semosavlis sanacvlod uzrunveleyois, rom respondentisTvis sasurveli resursi nagavsayrelidan sxvebsacar gaetanaT.aranakleb rTuli iyo ,,bomJebTan~ da maTxovrebTan urTierToba. respondentisgaTvlebiT, SesaZlebeli iyo TveSi 60 tonamde masala gaetana sazRvargareT.amisaTvis teritoriac daiqirava, danadgarebic SeiZina (klientebismoTxovnebi martivi iyo – masala ar unda yofiliyo WuWyiani), magram ,,bomJebs~ar awyobdaT respondentisaTvis plastikis boTlebis Segroveba. igi maT tonaSimxolod 150-200 lars uxdida. didi odenobiT plastmasis Segroveba kisakmaod rTulia. ,,bomJebis~ interesis sferos ufro metad feradi liToniwarmoadgens, romelic Tumca ufro iSviaTad xvdebaT, magram gacilebiT Zviradfasobs.amasTan, kompaniisTvis SeuZlebeli iyo ,,bomJebTan~ samarTlebrivi urTierTobisdamyareba, radgan maT umravlesobas ar hqonda mudmivi sacxovrebelida ,,samuSao~ adgili, ar hqonda piradobis mowmoba da sxva. ,,bomJebis~ gardaki, nagavsayrelze muSaobas aravin daTanxmdeboda.,,bomJebi~ xSirad narCenebs ara sxvisi davalebiT, aramed imisTvis agroveben,rom uSualod Caabaron Cambarebel punqtebs. saWiro narCens – minis taras,plastmass, jarTs, ferad liTons (spilenZs, TiTbers), gafuWebul stabilizatorebsda eleqtro-saqonels – isini iReben bunkerebidan, nagavsayrelebze anagroveben mosaxleobaSi. Segrovebul masalas isini sxvadasxva Cambarebelpunqtebs abareben. daaxloebiT 100 minis boTlis Cabarebis fasi 2-3 laria,erTi kilogrami jarTi ki 7 lari Rirs. yvelaze Zvirad feradi liTonifasobs – 7-10 lari. SedarebiT stabiluri saxe aqvs minis boTlebs Segrovebas,radgan isini bevri grovdeba. minis taras Semgroveblebi recxaven, radganaseTia Cambareblebis moTxovna. jarTsa da ferad liTons respondentebi ufroSemTxvevidan SemTxvevamde abareben. jarTTan da eleqtro-saqonelTan dakav-SirebiT Cambarebel punqtebs gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebi ar aqvT.narCenebis reciklirebisa da meoradi gadamuSavebis aucileblobaze saubrobsSps ,,tao+”-is xelmZRvaneli (kompania amzadebs erTjerad celofnis parkebs,romlebic ZiriTadad, sakvebi produqtebisaTvis gamoiyeneba) – respondentifiqrobs, rom narCenebi SeiZleba Segrovdes, gadamuSavdes da gatanil iqnessaerTaSoriso bazarze.organizaciam SeimuSava gadamamuSavebeli qarxnis gegma da proeqti, romelmacnarCenebi unda Caibaros. misi informaciiT, aRniSnuli sakiTxiT holandieliinvestorebi iyvnen dainteresebulebi. kerZod, unda Segrovdes sxvadasxva sax-38

is narCeni, romlebic gairecxeba, gadamuSavdeba da Semdeg miiReba meoradigranuli, romelzec sazRvargareT didi moTxovnaa. amis mizezi is aris, romgranulis fasi mniSvnelovnad CamorCeba pirveladi nedleulis fass, meoradinedleulis moxmarebis sfero ki, sakmaod didia. qarxana unda iyos saerTa-Soriso standartebis Sesabamisi, radgan holandiur kompanias, romelic amsakiTxiT aris dainteresebuli, evropis mraval qveyanaSi aqvs damontaJebuliigive teqnologia (axla procesi mimdinareobs ukrainaSi). respondentis gegmiT,saqarTvelos ormocdacxrave raionSi unda gaixsnas or-ori Cambarebelipunqti. Segrovebul narCens TveSi erTxel isini gadamamuSavebel qarxanasmiawvdian. amasTan, respondenti Tvlis, rom meoradi gadamuSavebis proeqtisaqarTveloSi momgebiani ar iqneba, Tu misi subsidireba garkveul etapamdemainc sakuTar Tavze saxelmwifom ar aiRo. qarxana rentabeluri daaxloebiT,5 wlis Semdeg unda gaxdes. saxelmwifosaTvis es saqme prioritetuli undaiyos, radgan naklebad dabinZurdeba garemo.,,saxelmwifos seriozuli dainteresebis gareSe am saqmis ganxorcielebaSeuZlebelia, Torem holandielebi gadamamuSavebeli qarxniT Zalian dainteresebulebiarian. maT undaT sxvebs daaswron, radgan ician, rom ori gadamamuSavebeliqarxana qveyanaSi ver imuSavebs – narCenebis moculoba ar arisimdeni, rom or qarxanas eyos~.Sps ,,tao+”-is xelmZRvanelisgan gansxvavebuli azrisaa garemos dacvisada bunebrivi resursebis saministros warmomadgeneli. misi azriT, dResdReobiT,warmoudgenelia vinme dainteresebuli iyos narCenebs gadamamuSavebeliqarxnis dafinansebiT, radgan aravin icis, ra saxis da ramdeni narCeni grovdebasaxelmwifoSi. misi azriT, es SeiZleba iyos garkveuli kompaniebis mier wamowyebuliaqcia, romlebic sxvadasxva ganviTarebad qveynebSi aSeneben narCenebisgadamamuSavebel qarxnebs da im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adgilobrivi resursi aryofniT, SemoaqvT da gadaamuSaveben nagavs sxva qveynebidan. amdenad, garkveuladdgeba qveynis usafrTxoebis sakiTxic, rom saxelmwifoSi ar Semovides ucxoqveynis narCeni.garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros warmomadgenlisazriT, gadamamuSavebel qarxanaze saubars mxolod mas Semdeg eqnebaazri, rac saqarTvelos masStabiT ganxorcieldeba narCenebis aRricxva da maTiSemcvelobisa da adgilmdebareobis dadgena. narCenebis inventarizacia SesabamisiTemiT dainteresebul pirebs ukve konkretul mimarTulebas miscems.5.4 narCenebis Semcirebis sxva perspeqtivebigansxvavebuli mosazrebebi arsebobs narCenebis Semcirebis sxvadasxvaqveynebSi aprobirebuli meTodebze, rogoricaa nagavsayrelze narCenebis gan-39

TavsebisaTvis begaris daweseba, mwarmoeblis pasuxismgeblobis danergva, narCenebzegadasaxadis daweseba wonis mixedviT da sxv.respondentebis azriT, nagavsayrelebze narCenebis ganTavsebis dabegvra(Tu aseTi ram moxda), aucileblad gaxdis aqtualurs narCenebis Semcirebas.Tumca, narCenebis Semcirebis perspeqtiva ar moswonT nagavsayrelebis mepatroneebs,radgan maT interesebSia rac SeiZleba meti narCeni Sevides poligonze,ramdenadac es maT Semosavlebs gansazRvravs. rac Seexeba narCenebisSemcirebas sxvadasxva masalebis (magaliTad, SesafuTi masalebis) warmoebisSemcirebis gziT, es respondentebs sasurvelad, magram am etapze ararealuradmiaCniaT, radgan:• SesafuTi masalebis xarisxis gazrda did xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli;• SeufuTav produqcias mosaxleoba undoblobiT ekideba;• zogierTi kompania swored SesafuTi masaliT uwevs konkurencias sxvebs.narCenebze gadasaxadis dawesebas wonis mixedviT ar miesalmeba mosaxleoba:ramdenad mizanSewonilad migaCniaT gadasaxadisdaweseba narCenebis raodenobis mixedviT?nagavsayrelze arsebuli resursi aseve, SeiZleba gamoiyenon kompostirebisaTvis(organuli sasuqis warmoebisaTvis) da energiis miRebis mizniT.saqarTveloSi narCenebis kompostirebas arcerTi kompania ar axorcielebs.biologiur meurneobaTa asociacia ,,elkana” ki, erTaderTia, vinc glexebskompostirebas aswavlis, Tumca sakuTari produqtis saxiT kompostis warmoebisgamocdileba ar aqvs. mis programas ewodeba ,,soflis meurneobis xelSewyobisprograma”, rac moicavs ekologiurad sufTa sasuqis damzadebas sasoflo-samurneonarCenebis saSualebiT.40

organizaciis muSaobis ZiriTadi mizania, glexebisaTvis kompostis gamoyenebisCvevis Camoyalibeba, maTTvis Sesabamisi meTodologiis swavleba treningebissaSualebiT. ,,elkanas” xuTi konsultati periodulad Cadis sxvadasxva soflebSida mosaxleobas uxsnis narCenebis kompostad Camoyalibebis procesisdetalebs.,,elkanas” warmomadgeneli aRniSnavs, rom komposti Zalze iafi da sasargeblosasuqia. nedleulad gamoiyeneba nebismieri saxis sasoflo-sameurneo produqtisnarCeni. garda amisa, naxerxi, nakeli, foTlebi, nacari, Tiva da a.S. kompostisgamoyenebiT miRebuli produqtebi maRalxarisxiani da ekologiurad sufTaa,rac Zvirad fasobs saerTaSoriso bazarze. saqarTveloSi kompostze moTxovnaamJamad mcirea, radgan glexebis didma nawilma ar icis, ra aris komposti.respondentis TqmiT, imis gamo, rom glexebma niadagSi nakelis Setanis wesebicar ician, xSirad arasaxarbielo Sedegs iReben, rac bunebrivi sasuqebis mimarTundoblobas iwvevs. imisaTvis, rom moxdes kompostis masStaburi warmoeba,aucilebelia narCenebis daxarisxeba – narCenebs Soris unda gamocalkevdesorganuli narCenebi (magaliTad, sazRvargareT saaxalwlo naZvis xeebi ammizniT gamoiyeneba). respondentis informaciiT, kompostis niadagSi SetanasaqarTveloSi aranair xarjs ar ukavSirdeba, radgan yvela saxis sasuqi niadag-Si muSaxels Seaqvs da ara teqnikas. aRniSnuli meTodis danergvisaTvis erTaderTaucileblobas organul sasuqze moTxovna warmoadgens, rac glexebTansistematur muSaobas moiTxovs.6. meoradi nedleulis gadamamuSavebeli kompaniebimeorad nedleuls gadaamuSavebs kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxuli orimsxvili sawarmo: qsnis minis taris qarxana da qaRaldis fabrika TbilisSi.orive iyenebs narCens, romelTa Segroveba SeiZleba rogorc mosaxleobaSi,aseve sxvadasxva sawarmoebSi. qsnis minis qarxana lews (msxvreul minas)iyenebs meoradi nedleulis saxiT. qaRaldis fabrikisaTvis ki, meoradi produqciasasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa, radgan makulaturis gareSe fabrika gaCerebulia.kvlevis farglebSi gamoikiTxa aseve, erTi plastmasis gadamamuSavebelikompania, romelic awarmoebs plastikis konteinerebs.aRsaniSnavia, rom qsnis minis taris qarxanasa da qaRaldis fabrikasgacilebiT meti narCenis gadamuSaveba SeuZliaT, vidre dRes amis saSualebaaqvT. meoradi nedleulis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, minis taris qarxanas SeuZliagamoiyenos daaxloebiT, 2-3-jer meti lewi, qaRaldis fabrikas ki SeuZlia,daaxloebiT, 6-jer meti makulaturis gadamuSaveba. metic, am SemTxvevaSi, qaRaldisfabrika SeZlebs sruli datvirTviT amuSavebas.41

6.1 qsnis minis taris s qarxanaqsnis minis taris qarxana awarmoebs minis konteinerebs sasmelebisaTvis.misi klientebi arian sasmelis mwarmoebeli msxvili kompaniebi. qarxana maRalievropuli standartebiT muSaobs, ramdenadac bevr kompanias nawarmi qveynisfarglebs gareT gaaqvs da xarisxze Tavis moTxovnebs ayenebs.qsnis minis taris qarxana minis warmoebis procesSi pirvelad nedleul-Tan (qviSa) erTad iyenebs meorad nedleulsac. meorad produqcias (minis tara,lewi) qarxanas awvdian:• sxvadasxva wvrili iuridiuli pirebi;• kerZo pirebi;• msxvili kompaniebi (,,koka-kola”, ,,yazbegi”, ,,nataxtari”).sul qsnis minis taris qarxanasTan muSaobs aTamde iuridiuli piri. maTSoris ramdenime SedarebiT stabiluri mimwodebelia. isini ZiriTadad, sxvadasxvasawarmoebidan agroveben Zvel, sabWoTa periodidan SemorCenil minisnarCenebs.imisaTvis, rom qarxanam lewi miiRos, man garkveuli pirobebi unda daakmayofilos.ZiriTadad:• lewi unda iyos sufTa, masSi talaxis, qvis da a.S. Semcveloba dasaSveb zRvarsar unda aRematebodes;• lewi unda iyos misaRebi feris.qsnis minis taris qarxanas miewodeba rogorc boTlebi, aseve misi namsxvrevebi.qarxana lews iyenebs da misTvis boTlis dauzianebloba ar arismniSvnelovani. metic, Tu mina damsxvreulia, es orive mxarisTvis momgebiania,radgan manqana namsxvrevs mets itevs, vidre boTls, romelic moculobiT didiada did adgils ikavebs.sasmelebis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi qarxanas mxolod im boTlebs awvdian,romlebic warmoebis procesSi tydeba. TiTqmis yvela didi kompania - ,,kokakola”,,,yazbegi”, ,,nataxtari” da a.S. – mosaxleobisgan ibarebs minis taras,romelSic xelmeored axdens Camosxmas. minis boTlis gamoyeneba SeiZlebaramodenimejer (10 jerac ki), Tu boTlma ar miiRo dazianeba, ar ganicadadeformacia an sxva raRac mizezis gamo gamouyenebeli ar gaxda.boTlis da qilis SuSasTan erTad qarxana yidulobs fanjris minasac.lewSi SeiZleba iyos 10%-mde fanjris SuSa. aseve, iReben manqanebis SuSasac,Tu masSi ar aris mavTuli.42

mina grovdeba restornebSi da bazrobebzec, sadac minas Wrian. qarxanaSiamboben, rom maT savaraudod, awvdian nagavsayrelze Segrovebul minasac. esqarxnisaTvis sirTules ar warmoadgens, Tu nedleuli damakmayofileblad arisgarecxili. Tu miRebis dros lewi Zalian WuWyiani ar aris da misi garecxvamniSvnelovan finansur resursebs ar moiTxovs, minis WuWyi problemas arwarmoadgens, radgan garda imisa, rom qarxanas aqvs misi recxvis gamarTuliteqnologia, lewi dneba 1500 gradusis simxurvalis RumelSi, sadac yvelanairimikrobi iRupeba.gamoyenebuli nedleulis 10-dan 30%-mde meorad nedleulze – garedanSemosul lewze modis. es maCvenebeli damokidebulia konkretuli droisperiodze da imaze, Tu ra feris minaze muSaoben. Tu qarxana TeTri ferisminaze muSaobs, meorad nedleuls naklebad iyeneben, radgan TeTri feris minismopoveba Wirs da qarxanas SedarebiT naklebad miewodeba. gacilebiT didiraodenobiT Sedis mwvane feris lewi. sirTules qmnis isic, rom Tu erTmanqanaSi erTad aris TeTri da mwvane lewi, misi gamoyeneba ukiduresad rTulia.am namsxvrevebis qimiuri Semadgenloba sxvadasxvaa. isini, praqtikulad,sxvadasxva nedleulia. maTi gadarCeva TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. mwvane namsxvrevSiSesaZlebelia TeTris Sereva, magram ara piriqiT.raodenobrivad, qarxana weliwadSi daaxloebiT 3 aTasidan dan 6 aTastonamde lews moixmars. amas emateba sakuTari wuni, romelsac qarxana ar yris,aramed xelmeored uSvebs RumelSi da ciklSi abrunebs. dRevandeli warmoebisgaTvaliswinebiT, qarxanas wlis ganmavlobaSi SeuZlia miiRos da gamoiyenos 10aTas tonamde lewi. ufro meti meoradi nedlelulis SeZenis SemTxvevaSiriski matulobs – mina bevrnairia da didia saSiSroeba, rom masSi arasasurveliminarevebi Seerios. Sesabamisad, qarxanas meti danakargi eqneba.meoradi nedlelulis gamoyenebas amJamad qarxnisaTvis aranairi upiratesobaara aqvs, radgan mas lewis da qviSis SeZena daaxloebiT erTi fasi ujdeba.amJamad 1 tona lews qarxana 82 larad yidulobs. gasul wels 1 tona lewi57 lari Rirda, magram sawvavze fasis momatebasTan erTad misma Rirebulebamacmoimata. im SemTxvevaSi Tu lewi iqneba kidev ufro sufTa, imdenad, rom qarxanasmisi garecxva minimaluri Tanxa daujdeba, qarxnis xelmZRvaneloba Tanaxmaamomwodebels amJamindelze 10%-iT meti gadauxados. amrigad, recxvaSi ekonomiisxarjze SesaZlebelia gaizardos Tavad nedleulis Sesyidvis fasi.Tu saxelmwifo meoradi gadamuSavebis waxalisebis mizniT gamoyofssubsidiebs, an kompanias sagadasaxado SeRavaTebs SesTavazebs, cxadia, kompaniakidev ufro dainteresdeba meoradi nedleuliT.43

6.2 qaRaldis fabrikaTbilisis qaRaldis fabrika awarmoebs gofrirebul qaRalds yuTebisaTvis.misi pirdapiri momxmareblebi gofris mwarmoeblebi arian, romlebicSemdeg Tavad yidian qaRalds kvebis produqtebis mwarmoeblebze. fabrikaTavadac awarmoebs yuTebs. fabrikis nawarmiT maragdeba nayinis qarxnebi, Rvinisqarxnebi da a.S. sezonurad yuTebs umzadeben ,,TbilaviamSens” gamaTboblebisCasawyobad. aseve, amzadeben qaRaldis parkebs cementisTvis da tolis qaRalds.qaRaldis fabrikis ZiriTad nedleuls makulatura warmoadgens. makulaturisgareSe fabrika gaCerebulia.makulatura ZiriTadad, Semodis bazrobebidan da msxvili kompaniebidan(,,koka-kola”, ,,nabeRlavi” da sxva). amas garda, fabrikas makulaturas sistematiuradawvdis Sps ,,Tbilservisi” da ,,vake”. iyo makulaturis miRebis mcdelobanagavsayrelidanac, Tumca am wamowyebam ar gaamarTla, radgan nagavsayrelzemakulaturis saTanadod daxarisxeba ar xdeboda. Tanmdevi minarevebi da WuWyiki arTulebda makulaturis damuSavebas. warumatebeli iyo makulaturis mosaxleobidanCabarebis mcdelobac, radgan makulaturis Cabarebis fasi Zaliandabalia – 1 kilogrami makulaturis fasi 10 TeTrs ar aRemateba, amitommoqalaqes misi Segroveba da fabrikamde transportireba ar uRirs.makulaturis fasi meryeobs xarisxidan, miwodebis pirobebidan da sistematiurobidangamomdinare. erTjeradad miwodebul makulaturas sxva fasi aqvs,magram Tu mimwodebeli stabiluria, maSin fasis daregulireba xdeba. am kriteriumebisSesabamisad 1 tona makulaturis Rirebuleba 50-dan 100 laramdemeryeobs. Tumca, es fasebi makulaturis Cabarebis finansur dainteresebas veruqmnis msxvil organizaciebs. maTi interesi mxolod nagvisgan gaTavisuflebada erTgvari moqalaqeobrivi poziciis dafiqsireba SeiZleba iyos. fabrikismanqana zogjer Tavad agrovebs makulaturas ofisebidan, magram amas masiurixasiaTi ara aqvs. ZiriTadi problema mainc is aris, rom dawesebulebebma,romlebic didi odenobiT qaRalds moixmaren, ubralod ar ician qaRaldisfabrikis Sesaxeb, am ukanaksnels ki ara aqvs saSualeba iyidos sareklamo droda organizaciebs TanamSromloba SesTavazos.qaRaldis fabrika amuSavebs yvela saxis makulaturas. sxvadasxva xarisxismakulaturisgan aseve sxvadasxva xarisxis da tipis nawarmi mzaddeba.magaliTad, sxvadasxva saxis makulatura gamoiyeneba gofrirebuli yuTebis datolis qaRaldis warmoebisaTvis. sxvadasxva saxis makulaturis SereviT qaRaldisxarisxi klebulobs.qaRaldis fabrikisTvis makulatura ramodenime kategoriad iyofa:44

• SesafuTi yuTebi, romlebic rCeba ,,koka-kolas~, Sps ,,omegas~ da sxvebs. esaris maRali xarisxis masalisgan damzadebuli yuTebi.• saSualo xarisxisaa bazrobebze mogrovebuli yuTebi, romlebsac SeZlebisdagvaradasufTaveben da ise awvdian fabrikas. mowodebuli makulaturisdidi nawili swored saSualo xarisxis makulaturas warmoadgens (saSualoxarisxis makulaturaSi gadis ,,Tbilservisis~ mier Segrovebuli da dapresilimakulaturac).• dabali xarisxis makulaturad iTvleba wignebi, radgan isini droTa ganmavlobaSiifiteba, masSi boWkoebis SeerTebis xarisxi Zalian dabalia. aseve, dabalixarisxis makulaturaa nagavsayrelze Segrovebuli makulatura.fabrika iRebs rogorc TeTr, aseve yavisfer makulaturas. makulatura SeiZlebaiyos daSlil-daqucmacebuli da tenianic. Tumca igi ramdenime pirobasunda akmayofilebdes, raTa fabrikam misi gadamuSaveba SeZlos:• qaRaldi ar unda iyos celofniani (igulisxmeba specialuri xarisxis qaRaldiromelsac celofans akraven);• qaRaldi ar unda iyos danagvianebuli penoplastiT. fabrika aSenda da masSidanadgarebi damontaJda 1935 wels, rodesac penoplastis warmoeba ar iyomasiuri. danadgari ver axdens penoplastis mocilebas, rac azaralebs xarisxs.• makulaturas ar unda hqondes Znelad mosacilebeli WuWyi (ar unda iyoszeTiani, cximiani da a.S.)fabrikis mier warmoebul yuTebSi Tavsdeba kvebis produqtebi, romlebicuSualod edeba yuTs (orcxobila, vafli da sxva). amdenad, yuTebis xarisxsdidi mniSvneloba aqvs. amasTan, gaSualebulad, fabrikis klientebi arian msxvilisawarmoebi, romelTaTvisac Zalze mniSvnelovania kargi reputacia, Sesabamisadki, xarisxi. yvela msxvil mwarmoebels aqvs laboratoria, romelSicyuTebsac amowmeben. fabrikis direqtori aRniSnavs, rom maT yuTSi arasodesaRmoCenila raime daavadebis gamomwvevi Cxiri.,,amitom klientebi CvenTvis yvelaze kargi makontroleblebi arian. yvelasanitaruli norma dakmayofilebulia, radgan jer wyliT irecxeba nedleuli,Semdeg 100-150 gradusze tardeba da baqteriebi amis Sedegadac iRupeba”.dResdReobiT yvelaze did problemas fabrikisaTvis nedleulis naklebobawarmoadgens. qaRaldis fabrika erTi dRis erTi ciklis (12 saaTi)muSaobiT awarmoebs im odenobis qaRalds, romlis miRebasac daaxloebiT 4heqtari tye sWirdeba. fabrika weliwadSi saSualod 2000 tona makulaturasgadaamuSavebs, Tumca aqvs 12000 tonis gadamuSavebis potenciali. mTeli wlismanZilze mowodebuli makulatura SeuZlia or TveSi aiTvisos. amdenad fabri-45

ka mxolod 15-20% datvirTviT muSaobs, Tumca, mis produqciaze didia moTxovnaara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed somxeTsa da azerbaijanSic, radganmsgavsi profilis fabrika samxreT kavkasiaSi ar arsebobs. fabrika ki moTxovnassaqarTveloSic ver akmayofilebs. TbilisSi arsebuli sawarmoebi, romlebsacqaRaldis fabrika gofrirebuli qaRaldiT amaragebs, nedleuls xSiraddamatebiT sazRvargareTac iZenen.garda Tbilisis qaRaldis fabrikisa, arsebobs sxvadasxva wvril-wvrilisawarmoebi (qaRaldis xelsaxocebis an tualetis qaRaldis mwarmoeblebi),romlebic mxolod stambis makulaturas iyeneben.6.3 plastmasis gadamamuSavebeli kompania ,,metalo-plastiki~plastmasis gadamamuSavebeli kompania ,,metaloplastiki” awarmoebs plastikiskonteinerebs sxvadasxva sasmelisaTvis. meoradi nedleulis (damtvreuliyuTebi, taStebi, boTlebi, polieTilenis narCenebi da sxva) wili warmoebulproduqciaSi TiTqmis 80%-s Seadgens. pirvelad nedleuls dabali damaRali wnevis polieTilenis granulebi. warmoadgens. meoradi nedleulisgamoyeneba sakmaod momgebiania, radgan es warmoebis xarjebs mkveTrad amcirebs.Tumca, meoradi nedleuliT warmoebuli produqciis xarisxi SedarebiT dabalia.,,metaloplastikis~ klientebi, ZiriTadad, gamagrilebeli sasmelebismwarmoebeli wvrili sawarmoebi arian. maTTvis meoradi warmoebis produqciafinansurad gacilebiT xelmisawvdomia.meoradi nedleulis momwodeblebi ZiriTadad kerZo pirebi arian, romlebicquCebSi an nagavsayrelebze agroveben narCenebs. Tumca, respondentmasawarmodan aRniSna, rom narCenebis mopoveba nagavsayrelze garTulda xelisuflebisSecvlis Semdeg. minimaluri safasuri, romelsac organizacia mowodebul1 tona narCenSi ixdis, 500-600 laria. Cambarebeli punqtebTan organizaciaver TanamSromlobs, radgan Cambarebeli punqtebisTvis plastikatis nawarmisCabareba ararentabeluria am saxis narCenis didi moculobisa da mcirewonis gamo. am TvalsazrisiT isini upiratesobas minis boTlebs aniWeben.miRebuli narCenebis gadaxarisxeba kustarulad xdeba. muSebi maT xeliTarCeven. Semdeg xdeba am masalis garecxva, daWra, dafqva da granulebad damuSaveba.narCeni damuSavebas gadis 200-250 gradusze.nedleulis simcire “metaloplastikisTvisac” problemas warmoadgens.organizacias aqvs SesaZlebloba dReSi 700-800 kg nedleuli gadaamuSaos,46

magram nedleulis simciris gamo, zogjer mTeli Tvis manZilze erTi tonanedleulis gadamuSavebasac ver axerxeben.6.4 meoradi nedleulis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoe-bis rekomendaciebimeoradi nedleulis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebSi gamokiTxuli respondentebisrekomendaciebi aseTia:• municipalitetma Tavad unda gauwios organizeba narCenebis Segrovebas daSemdeg mis gayidvas qarxnebze;• unda moxdes Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis Seqmna da danergva;• narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebas unda axldes Sesabamisi propaganda –bukletebis gavrceleba, sareklamo rgolebi da a.S;• gadamamuSaveblebs saxelmwifom unda gauwios qmediTi daxmareba;• boTlis Cambarebeli punqtebi da boTlis xelmeored gamoyeneba unda aikrZaloskanoniT, rac iqneba pirveli nabiji narCenebis daxarisxebulad Segrovebisgzaze;respondentis informaciiT, firmebi, romlebic sxvadasxva sasmels asxamenmeorad boTlebSi, boTlebs ar recxaven standartis Sesabamisad. ,,nagvidanboTli ara sawarmoSi, aramed lewSi unda midiodes. amaze sxvadasxva saxelmwifoorganoebma unda izrunon, radgan es qveynis da ara kerZo biznesisproblemaa. yvela boTlma aucileblad unda gaiaros xelmeored gadamuSaveba,sul ukanaskneli, wesierad unda gairecxos mainc~.respondentebs municipalitetis daxmareba sxvadasxvagvarad warmoudgeniaT– daxmareba farTis daqiravebaSi, garkveuli teqnikis SeZenaSi (magaliTad,specialuri urnebis SeZena, romlebic avtomaturad presavs qaRals), sesxismiRebaSi, sareklamo rgolebis gadaRebasa da eTerSi ganTavsebaSi (magaliTad,rgolebi, romlebSic sazogadoebisTvis nacnobi saxeebi daxarisxebulad yriannagavs urnebSi). respondentebis azriT, narCenebis gadamuSavebis perspeqtivebiimazea damokidebuli, Tu vin uxelmZRvanelebs am saqmes. savaraudod, am saqmesbevri xarji eqneba da SesaZloa, narCenebis gadamuSaveba, rogorc biznesiarasodes iyos momgebiani. amitom es sistema saxelmwifom unda aawyos.kerZo kompaniebi ar gamoricxaven sakuTar aqtiur rolsac. magaliTad,qaRaldis fabrikis administracia Tanaxmaa sakuTari xarjiT daarigos celofnisparkebi, sadac daxarisxebul narCens Cayrian, radgan nagavsayrelze moxvedrisSemdeg makulaturis gamocalkeveba sxva tipis narCenisagan ukiduresadrTulia. amas garda, respondentebis azriT, gadamamuSavebeli warmoebis danergva47

da gaZliereba rogorc socialur-ekonomikuri, ise ekologiuri problemebisgaumjobesebas uzrunvelyofs:• dasaqmdebian adamianebi (maT Soris, SesaZloa dasaqmdnen igive ,,bomJebic~,romlebic isedac agroveben sxvadasxva saxis narCens nagavsayrelebidan);• biujeti Seivseba damatebiTi SemosavlebiT;• qalaqi gaTavisufldeba nagvisgan;• gaumjobesdeba ekologiuri mdgomareoba.qsnis minis taris qarxnis generaluri direqtori ase aRwers minisdaxarisxebulad Segrovebis gamocdilebas TurqeTSi: daaxloebiT milionianqalaqSi, saSualod 200 cali boTlis bunkeri dgas – mwvane da TeTri boTlisbunkerebi cal-calke. amas aqvs erTgvari Sesawiris forma mosaxleobis mxridan– maT mier gaRebuli TiToeuli boTlidan miRebuli Tanxa iricxebaupatrono bavSvebis, invalidebis, moxucebis dasaxmareblad. analogiurad, Tuqsnis qarxana iyidis weliwadSi 10 aTas tona lews, igi Tanaxmaa Rirebulebisnawili marTlac gaiRos maT dasaxmareblad, visac es sWirdeba – Tundac imave,,bomJebs~, romlebic nagavsayrelebze boTlebs agroveben.6.5 ualkoholo sasmelebis mwarmoebeli msxvilikompaniebi meoradi gadamuSavebis SesaxebgamokiTxuli sasmelis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi: ,,koka-kola”, ,,yazbegi”,,,nabeRlavi”, ,,saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebis kompania” konteinerebssasmelisTvis ar awarmoeben. amdenad isini TiTqmis gamoricxaven kompaniaSimaTi narCenebis meoradi gadamuSavebis danergvas.kompaniebs – ,,koka-kola”, ,,yazbegi”, ,,saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluriwylebis kompania”, ,,nabeRlavi” aqvT rogorc minis, aseve plastikis SefuTvisnawarmi. kompania ,,yazbegi” aseve nawarms uSvebs aluminis qilebSi. minis boTlebisZiriTadi momwodebelia qsnis minis taris qarxana. kompania ,,nabeRlavs”minis boTlebi somxeTidanac Semoaqvs. plastikis boTlebisaTvis kompaniebiiZenen specialur nedleuls kafsulebis saxiT, romelic Semdeg wneviT iberebada plastikis boTlis saxes Rebulobs. ,,yazbegi” da ,,minisa da mineraluriwylebis kompania” aRniSnul nedleuls yiduloben kompaniisgan ,,kaukazus petkompani”, romelic mdebareobs rusTavSi. kompaniebs ,,koka-kola” da ,,nabeRlavi”Sesabamisi nedleuli ucxoeTidan SemoaqvT. rac Seexeba aluminis qilebs,kompania ,,yazbegi” axdens maT imports – calke boTlebis, calke ki misi xufis.aluminis boTlebi kompanias miewodeba mza saxiT. isini ,,yazbegSi” aranairdamuSavebas ar gadis.48

,,koka-kolas” ,,kolega” kompaniam azerbaijanSi Tavad daiwyo plastikisboTlebis preformis warmoeba, romelis gabervis Sedegad miiReba plastikisboTli. imisaTvis, rom saqarTveloSic danergon igive, saWiroa Sesabamisi nedleuli,danadgarebi, teqnologiuri procesis awyoba, kadrebi da sxva, rac Tavis mxriv,damatebiT investiciebs ukavSirdeba. respondenti ambobs, rom am Temaze kompaniasumuSavia da ar gamoricxavs, rom raRac etapze azerbaijanelebis msgavsadisinic daiwyeben preformis warmoebas.rac Seexeba konteinerebis xelmeored gamoyenebas, minis taras ibarebsyvela dasaxelebuli kompania ,,saqarTvelos minisa da mineraluri wylebiskompaniis garda”. plastikis boTlebs ki ar ibarebs arcerTi gamokiTxulikompania, radgan maTSi sasmelis xelmeored Camosxma ar SeiZleba. ar xdebaaluminis boTlebis Cabarebac. kompania “yazbegis” warmomadgenlis azriT, masnaklebad savaraudod miaCnia rom aluminis konteinerebis SegrovebiT dainteresebuliiyon sxva kompaniebi an kerZo pirebi, radgan aluminis qila Zalianmsubuqia (10-12 grami) da fizikurad rTulia im odenobis aluminis qilebisSegroveba, rom misma Semgrovebelma garkveuli mogeba naxos. respondentikompania ,,nabeRlavidan” aRniSnavs, rom qalaqSi aris ramodenime punqti, sadacplastikis boTlebs ibareben. Semdeg am boTlebSi xdeba falsificirebulisasmelis Camosxma, Tumca am ,,biznesTan~ BbrZolis aprobirebuli meqanizmi ararsebobs.kompaniebSi ,,yazbegi”, ,,nabeRlavi” da ,,minisa da mineraluri wylebiskompania” Tvlian, rom meoradi gadamuSaveba sruliad sxva saxis warmoebaa,romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo maT ZiriTad saqmianobasTan. amasTan, meoradgadamuSavebas sakuTari qarxana, kargad gamarTuli, ZviradRirebuli teqnologiebida kvalificiuri kadri sWirdeba. maTTvis mosaxerxebelia pirveladiproduqciis SeZena, rac gaTvaliswinebulia maTi produqtis TviTRirebuleba-Sic. amitom am etapze meoradi gadamuSavebis danergva am kompaniebs, Tundacsaxelmwifo subsidiebisa da gadasaxadebis sanacvlod, ar uRirT.aseTi kategoriuli ar yofila ,,koka-kolas” warmomadgeneli. misi TqmiT,Tu saxelmwifo am TemiT seriozulad dainteresdeba, gamoyofs subsidiebs,imuSavebs gadasaxadebis Semcirebaze, daexmareba kompaniebs sabanko sesxebisaRebaSi da sxva, kompaniaSi, savaraudod, Seiqmneba jgufi, romelic Seafasebswinadadebis finansur momgebianobas, ganixilavs procesis teqnikur mxareebs daufro konkretul gadawyvetilebas ,,koka-kola” mxolod amis Semdeg miiRebs.respondenti fiqrobs, rom daintereseba kompaniis mxridan aucileblad iqneba,magram aq gasaTvaliswinebelia kompaniis standartebi.respondentebma gaixsenes, rom plastikis boTlis warmoebisTvis gadasaxadisdawesebis Tema (garkveulad, produqtze gadasaxadis SemoRebis mcdeloba,49

ac farTod gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva qveynebSi, rogorc narCenebis SemcirebiskenmimarTuli instrumenti) ramdenime wlis win iyo aqtualuri. kerZod, saubariiyo Sesabamisi aqcizuri markis SemoRebaze. am SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba sxvadasxvaSeTavazebebi arsebobdes kompaniebTan. magaliTad, kompaniam SeiZleba ubralodgadaixados gadasaxadi TiToeul warmoebul boTlze meoradi gadamuSavebisfondSi. an am gadasaxadisagan gaTavisuflebis sanacvlod SeiZleba organizaciagaukeTos momxmareblis mier meoradi produqciis Cabarebas. am SemTxvevaSiCambarebels Tanxas gadauxdis meoradi gadamuSavebis saxelmwifo fondi. msgavsperspeqtivebTan dakavSirebiT gamokiTxulebs jer-jerobiT uWirT zusti pasuxisgacema, radgan maTi TqmiT, amas saTanado daangariSeba da analizi sWirdeba.,,koka-kolis” warmomadgeneli varaudobs, rom kompania arCevs gauwios organizebamomxmareblebis mier meoradi produqciis Cabarebas, Tu igi gaTavisufldebaSesabamisi gadasaxadisagan. ,,yazbegis” warmomadgeneli ki piriqiT, fiqrobs,rom aqcizuri markis SemoReba da TiToeul warmoebul plastikis boTlzegadasaxadis daweseba SeiZleba ufro misaRebi aRmoCndes kompaniisaTvis (Tumca,es gazrdis produqciis Rirebulebas), vidre meoradi produqciis Cabarebisorganizeba. im SemTxvevaSic, Tu Cambarebels Tanxas uxdis meoradi gadamuSavebissaxelmwifo fondi, kompania ,,yazbegs” mouwevs gamoaTavisuflos am saqmianobisTvisresursi (rogorc fuladi, aseve adamianuri). respondentis azriT,amis organizebas gacilebiT ukeT SeZlebs qalaqis municipaliteti.50

daskvname-20 saukunis meore naxevridan da gansakuTrebiT 70-iani wlebidansaerTaSoriso sazogadoebam aqtiuri moqmedeba daiwyo narCenebis mzardi problemisgadasaWrelad im meTodebisa da meqanizmebis SemuSavebiT, romlebicmimarTulia narCenebis raodenobis Semcirebisa da narCenebis gauvneblebisusafrTxo xerxebis danergvisaken. amgvarad, ganviTarebul samyaroSi moxdanaklebad prioritetuli meTodebis (narCenebis nagavsayrelze ganTavseba dainsineracia) TandaTanobiTi Canacvleba iseTi meTodebiT, rogoricaa meoradigadamuSaveba, produqtis xelmeored gamoyeneba da narCenebis prevencia. amTvalsazrisiT, saqarTveloSi narCenebis marTvis sistema jer kidev ganviTarebisadreul stadiaSi imyofeba. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, narCenebis marTvissistemaSi arsebuli naklovanebebis ZiriTad mizezebs da sferos ganviTarebisSemaferxebel faqtorebs Soris upirvelesi iyo dagegmvis problema, iseverogorc administraciuli problemebi – finansuri, sakadro, aRsruleba/kontrolTandakavSirebuli sakiTxebi da sxv. amas garda, aRsaniSnavia monacemebissimcire, kvlevebis ararseboba, monitoringis sistemis moSla da mosaxleobisdabali interesi garemosTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis mimarT.amJamad am sferoSi mimdinare cvlilebebi SeiZleba bevri TvalsazrisiTpozitiurad CaiTvalos. kerZod, Seiqmna erTiani makoordinirebeli organo –qalaqis dasufTavebis samsaxuri, romelic gaaerTianebs keTilmowyobis samsaxurisada gamgeobis funqciebs. Seiqmneba erTiani biujeti narCenebis gatanisservisisaTvis, rac gadaWris finansur problemebs da gamWvirvales gaxdisxarjTaRricxvas. biujetis daqsaqsuloba da narCenebze gadasaxadis amoRebisarastabiluroba Sesabamisad aisaxeboda narCenebis gamtani Sps-ebis SesrulebulisamuSaos xarisxze. amasTan, Sps-ebs yovelTvis hqondaT gasamarTlebelfaqtorad finansebis simcire, rac arastabiluri anazRaurebiT iyo gamowveuli.biujetis gaerTianebiT ki, Sps-ebTan sruli angariSsworeba moxdeba, racSesabamisad samuSaos xarisxze moTxovnas gazrdis. amas garda, savaraudod,moxdeba arsebuli tarifebis gadaxedva, romlebic Zvel, sabWoTa sistemisdroindel gaTvlebzea damyarebuli, garkveulad morgebulia amJamindel saWiroebebsada finansur SesaZleblobebze da sruliad moklebulia realur safuZvels.mosaxleobdan tarifis amoRebis meqanizmi kvlav SeumuSavebeli rCeba,Tumca amis xarjze aRar dazaraldeba Sps. aseve saxelmwifos mier mogvardebabiznes-struqturebidan gadasaxadis amoRebis problemac.Seiqmna erTiani makontrolebeli samsaxuri – qalaqis meriis zedamxedvelobissamsaxuri, romelmac sami sxvadasxva saqalaqo samsaxuri gaaerTiana.rac aseve pozitiurad unda aisaxos qalaqis sanitariuli mdgomareobis iseverogorc nagavsayrelebis kontrolis sistemis gamarTulad muSaobaze. aseveigegmeba sajarimo sanqciebis SemuSaveba qalaqis danagvianebisaTvis rac Seexebarogorc mosaxleobas, ise biznes struqturebs.51

aris praqtikuli xasiaTis daxmarebebic meriis mxridan. kerZod, teqnikisgamoyofa da axali konteinerebiT momarageba, rac narCenebis gatanis proceszedadebiTad unda aisaxos. aRsaniSnavia narCenebis sferoSi momuSaveTa xelfasebismatebac, rac kadrebis stabilurobas Seuwyobs xels. garda amisa, igegmebamosaxleobasTan muSaoba, sareklamo rgolebis damzadeba da sxv.rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, igegmeba narCenebis marTvis stragegiisSemuSaveba. amasTan, rogorc mosamzadebeli etapi, igegmeba narCenebis inventarizaciasaqarTvelos masStabiT, rac TavisTavad aucilebelia, ramdenadacnarCenebis marTvis dawyeba pirvel rigSi niSnavs sul mcire, narCenebis raodenobisada Semadgenlobis gansazRvras. rogorc cnobilia, monacemebi romlebicaqamde arsebobda arazustia da xSir SemTxvevaSi urTierTgamomricxavi.Tumca, aris mTeli rigi sakiTxebisa, romlebic kvlav gadauWreli rCeba.qalaqis dasufTavebis sistema jer kidev Sors aris srulyofisagan. arsebulinagavsayrelebi kvlav rCeba mudmivi dabinZurebis wyarod. maTi rekonstruqciaan axali nagavsayrelis mSenebloba jerjerobiT gaTvaliswinebuli ar aris.amasTan, gadauWrelia narCenebis raodenobis gayalbebis problema. maSin,roca narCenebis gamtanebi da ganmTavseblebi isev pirdapir dainteresebulniarian narCenebis raodenobis gazrdiT (ramdenadac maTTvis gamoyofili saxsrebinarCenebis raodenobiT ganisazRvreba), yovelTvis iqneba monacemebis xelovnuradgazrdis saSiSroeba. narCenebis aRricxvis arsebuli sistemis garkveuligaumjobesebis mcdelobas warmoadgens nagavsayrelze Sesuli manqanebisawonva. Tumca, kontrolis meqanizmebis gamkacrebis da Zveli sistemisaTvisdamaxasiaTebeli korufciuli garigebebis gamoricxvis gareSe, am meTodmacSeiZleba formaluri saxe miiRos.ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli meqanizmi, romelic gamoricxavda narCenebisgayalbebis SesaZleblobas an waaxalisebda narCenebis Semcirebas. magaliTisaTvis,aseTi meqnizmi SeiZleba iyos nagavsayrelis dabegvra. am SemTxvevaSinagavsayrelis mepatrone saxelmwifos uxdis gadasaxads ganTavsebuli narCenebisTiToeuli kuburi metrisaTvis. Sesabamisad, nagavsayrels uxdian narCenebismimwodeblebi ganTavsebuli narCenebis raodenobis mixedviT. am SemTxvevaSifinansebis daregulireba sabazro urTierTobebiT xdeba da narCenebisgayalbebis saWiroeba gamoiricxeba. amasTan, narCenebis mimwodeblebis interesebSiarac SeiZleba naklebi narCeni Sevides nagavsayrelze, rac meoradigadamuSavebisaTvis xelSemwyob faqtors warmoadgens. Tumca, am meqnizmis danergvanarCenebis marTvis gazrdil xarjebs ukavSirdeba, rac dRevandeli finansuriproblemebis gaTvaliswinebiT naklebad savaraudoa ganxorcieldes.amas garda, arsebuli administraciuli problemebis pirobebSi, rodesac praqtikuladar muSaobs kontrolis sistema da sadamsjelo meqanizmebi, amanSeiZleba gazardos narCenebis aralegalur nagavsayrelze ganTavsebis SemTxvevebi.amdenad, narCenebis raodenobis gayalbebis Tavidan asacileblad aucile-52

elia administraciuli zomebis gamkacreba da nagavsayrelze Sesuli narCenebisaRricxvis mudmivi zedamxedveloba.amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mimdinare cvlilebebi jerjerobiT mimarTuliadasufTavebis sistemis metnaklebad gaumjobesebisaken da ar cvlis ZireuladnarCenebis marTvis sistemas. erT-erTi mTavari faqtoria is, rom adamianebiscnobierebaSi narCenebis marTva kvlav mxolod qalaqis dasufTavebasa da sanitarul-higienurinormebis dacvasTan asocirdeba. kvlav araaqtualuri rCebanagavsayrelebze mimdinare procesebi, garemos mudmivi dabinZureba da adamianisjanmrTelobaze miyenebuli ziani. aqedan gamomdinare, arsebobs saSiSroeba, romnarCenebis marTvis sistemisaTvis wayenebuli moTxovnebi qalaqis dasufTavebisda misi garegnuli iersaxis gaumjobesebiT Semoifarglos. am TvalsazrisiT,mniSvnelovania momavali narCenebis marTvis saxelmwifo strategiis da qalaqisnarCenebis marTvis generaluri gegmis mimarTulebebi ramdenadac, sworedmaT unda gansazRvron ZiriTadi miznebi, prioritetebi da realuri amocanebinarCenebTan mimarTebaSi. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac ganisazRvreba saxelmwifosdamokidebuleba da miznebi narCenebis mimarT, gaxdeba aqtualuri narCenebismarTvis sxvadasxva meTodebis da meqanizmebis SemuSaveba da danergva dasaxulimiznebis realizaciisaTvis.aRniSnuli nabijebis gansaxorcieleblad didi mniSvneloba aqvs sakiTxisaqtualobis SenarCunebas. kerZod, imas, Tu ramdenad darCeba narCenebis sferoprioritetad, ramdenad iqneba cvlilebebi mimarTuli Zireuli gardaqmnebisakenda ar eqneba simboluri xasiaTi, rogorc adre xdeboda. narCenebis marTvissistemis Camoyalibeba xangrZlivi procesia da ramdenime konkretuli aqciiTar amoiwureba. am TvalsazrisiT mniSvneloba aqvs kadrebis denadobis Semcirebasac.rogorc cnobilia, kadrebis arastabiluroba, gansakuTrebiT mmarTvelpostebze, seriozul problemas warmoadgenda narCenebis sferos ganviTarebisaTvisbolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. wamowyebuli programebi xSiradver poulobda ganxorcielebas swored mTavari koordinatorebis an sxvapasuxismgebeli pirebis axal postebze gadayvanis gamo.rac Seexeba narCenebis Semcirebis meTodebis danergvas, jerjerobiT, amisnaTlad gamoxatuli perspeqtiva ar SeiniSneba. rogorc aRiniSna narCenebismarTvis saxelmwifo strategia, jerjerobiT, SemuSavebuli ar aris da mxolodaxla iwyeba mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi, maT Soris narCenebis aRricxva, risgareSec rTulia narCenebis marTvis dagegmva da meoradi gadamuSavebis potencialzesaubari. Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, mainc sainteresod CavTvaleT, kvlevisfarglebSi, dainteresebuli mxareebis gamokiTxva narCenebis Semcirebis savaraudomeTodebis danergvasTan dakavSirebiT. sainteresoa is faqti, rom mniSvnelovanimoTxovnaa meorad nedleulze, kerZod, minaze, qaRaldze da plastikurnawarmze, rac raodenobriv maCveneblebSi aisaxa kvlevis angariSSi.arsebuli qarxnebi da sawarmoebi, romlebic am tipis produqcias gadaamuSavebennedleulis mudmiv naklebobas ganicdian. Tumca, maTi absoluturi umravle-53

soba aRniSnavs, rom meoradi gadamuSavebis ganviTarebaSi swored saxelmwifomunda Seasrulos mTavari roli. narCenebis marTvis alternatiuli meTodebisdanergva udaod finansur xarjebTan iqneba dakavSirebuli. kerZod, meoradinedleulis Segroveba damatebiT infrastruqturas moiTxovs da aseve, zrdisnarCenebis gatanis xarjebs. amas garda, aucilebelia mosaxleobasTan muSaobada kontrolis gamarTuli sistemis funqcionireba, raTa gamoiricxos aralegalurinagavsayrelebiT sargebloba da ar moxdes narCenebis ukanonod dayraqalaqis quCebSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi, es sistema gansakuTrebiT, rodesac amasiZulebiTi reciklirebis forma aqvs, Tavis Tavs ver anazRaurebs da saxelmwifosubsidiebis xarjze arsebobs. Tumca, rig SemTxvevebSi, es SeiZlebamomgebianic iyos, gansakuTrebiT, roca reciklireba Sewyvilebulia narCenebismarTvis sxva meqanizmebTan. nebismier SemTxvevaSi, imisaTvis, raTa moxdes qalaqisaTvisnarCenebis marTvis optimaluri paketis SerCeva, saWiroa, zustad iqnesSeswavlili meorad nedleulze moTxovnisa da miwodebis Sesabamisoba.rogorc kvlevam gamoavlina, mosaxleobis didi nawili (60%) survilsgamoTqvams miiRos monawileoba narCenebis daxarisxebulad SegrovebaSi, racTavisTavad pozitiuri movlenaa, ramdenadac, mosaxleobis roli da mxardaWeranarCenebis marTvis sistemis sworad funqcionirebaSi gadamwyvetia. Tumca, rogorcmosaxleobis gamokiTxvidan Cans, garkveuli nawili kvlav gulgrili rCebanarCenebis sakiTxisadmi. gamokiTxulTa didi nawili kvlav mosaxleobas asaxelebsqalaqis danagvianebis mTavar wyarod. rogorc cnobilia, narCenebissferos kontroli garkveul sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebuli, gansakuTrebiT,roca saqme exeba quCebis da ezoebis danagvianebas, narCenebis arasworadganTavsebas konteinerebSi da a. S. saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis cnobierebisdone, zogadad garemosdacviT sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, sakmaod dabalia, racgarkveuli socio-ekonomikuri da politikuri winapirobebiT aris gamowveuli.amdenad, Zalze mniSvnelovania mosaxleobisaTvis informaciis miwodeba(sainformacio kampaniebi, saganmanaTleblo programebi), saganmanaTlebo procesida Sesabamisi praqtikuli saqmianobebis danergva skolebSi. aseve, aRsaniSnaviamosaxleobis dabali gadamxdelunarianoba, rac gasaTvaliswinebelia narCenebzegadasaxadis dawesebisas an sxva ekonomikuri meqanizmebis danergvisas, imisaTvis,rom ar moxdes narCenebis aralegalurad dayra.narCenebis marTvis sistemaSi didi mniSvneloba eniWeba “mwarmoeblispasuxismgeblobis” principis danergvas. Tumca, SesaZloa, es naklebad prioritetuladCandes dRes, ramdenadac warmoeba mxolod ganviTarebis stadiaSia.magram savaraudo da sasurveli ekonomikuri zrdis pirobebSi es sakiTxiudaod aqtualuri gaxdeba. amdenad, mniSvnelovania “mwarmoeblis pasuxismgeblobis”meqanizmis gaTvaliswineba ukve am etapze, imisaTvis, raTa mosalodneligarTulebebi Tavidan iqnes acilebuli momavalSi. dResdReobiT “mwarmoeblispasuxismgeblobis” principis gamocdileba saqarTveloSi ar aris. iyo erTeulimcdelobebi, ewarmoebinaT molaparakeba sasmelis mwarmoebel msxvil kompaniebTan,rac ukavSirdeboda warmoebul plastikur boTlebze gadasaxadis54

dawesebas. Tumca, es mcdeloba SemdgomSi ar ganviTarebula. aRsaniSnavia, romkompaniebi mzad arian iTanamSromlos saxelmwifosTan, Tu es maTTvis xelsayreliiqneba.rogorc garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros warmomadgenelicaRniSnavs, narCenebis inventarizaciamde naadrevia narCenebis gadamamuSavebeliqarxnis saWiroebaze saubari. aRsaniSnavia, rom am tipis qarxnebTanmTel msoflioSi garkveuli problemebia dakavSirebuli, rac aseve unda iyosgaTvaliswinebuli. kerZod, narCenebis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebis mSeneblobadid xarjebs ukavSirdeba da rentabelurobis SesanarCuneblad didi raodenobiTenergiasa da resursebs moiTxovs, rac xSirad sxva qveynebidan narCenebisimportis saSiSroebas qmnis. garda imisa, rom am tipis qarxnebTan dakavSirebuliamTeli rigi garmosdacviTi problemebi, igi ar aris mimarTuli narCenebisSemcirebisaken da mxolod waaxalisebs moxmarebuli narCenebisa da energoresursebiswilis zrdas da ewinaaRmdegeba narCenebis mdgradi marTvisprincipebs. aseve gamoiricxeba mosaxleobis roli da narCenebisadmi sworidamokidebulebis Camoyalibeba.nebismier SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria imis gacnobiereba, rom narCenebis marTvasakmaod rTuli da kompleqsuri procesia. qalaqis dasufTavebidan narCenebismarTvaze gadasvla, am terminis Tanamedrove gagebiT, radikalur cvlilebebsmoiTxovs, rac pirvel rigSi, narCenebis marTvis dagegmvis ganviTarebas danarCenebiT gamowveuli problemebis mimarT strategiul midgomas gulisxmobs.am procesSi Zalze mniSvnelovania rogorc saxelmwifos roli, ise mosaxleobismxardaWera. amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom maqsimalurad bevri ram gakeTdesswored axlo momavalSi, sanam sakiTxi sakmaod aqtualuria. Tumca, aseve saWiroa,rom Temam aqtualoba arc momavalSi dakargos da mxolod sanitarul-higienurinormebis gaumjobesebiT ar Semoifarglos. am TvalsazrisiT, gadamwyvetiaswori damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba narCenebis mimarT. mTavari gardatexismomenti saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisaTvis, narCenebis marTvis sferos ganvi-Tarebis procesSi, iyo swored imis gacnobiereba, rom narCenebis mdgradi marTva,niSnavs ara mxolod narCenebis raodenobis klebas, rac misi ganTavsebisaTvissaWiro miwis resursebs zogavs, aramed aseve pirveladi nedleulis, anu bunebriviresursebis dazogvas da haeris, wylisa da miwis dabinZurebis, iseverogorc saTburis efeqtis gamomwvevi airebis Semcirebas. amdenad, narCenebisTema mdgradi ganviTarebis samive – ekonomikur, ekologiur da socialuraspeqtebs moicavs da kompleqsur midgomas saWiroebs. SeiZleba iTqvas, romnarCenebis marTvis sistemis Camoyalibeba sakmaod xangrZlivi procesi iqnebaamJamindeli finansuri da administraciuli resursebis simciris gaTvaliswinebiT.Tumca, SesaZlebelia arsebuli sistemis pirobebSi etapobrivad daiwyos narCenebismdgradi marTvis principebis danergva, raTa momavalSi, TandaTan moxdesmsoflioSi miRebul tendenciebTan miaxloeba.55

misamarTi: saqarTvelo, TbilisiyifSiZis q. # 5a. me-4 korpusi;me-7 sarTuli.safosto misamarTi: saqarTvelo,0162 Tbilisi; WavWavaZis q. #62tel.: (+995 32) 22 16 04; 22 38 74.faqsi.: (+995 32) 22 38 74.el. fosta: greenalt@wanex.netveb gverdi: www. greenalt.orgvrceldeba ufasod56