saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo
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<strong>saqarTvelos</strong> <strong>Teatris</strong>, <strong>musikis</strong>, <strong>kinosa</strong> <strong>da</strong> <strong>qoreografiis</strong> <strong>saxelmwifo</strong> muzeumi<br />
wels gaqalkedonitebuli <strong>da</strong> somexTa mier devnili<br />
mRvdelTmoZRvari sakuTar sofelSi <strong>da</strong>brun<strong>da</strong> <strong>da</strong><br />
zvarTnocis tipis eklesiis mSenebloba <strong>da</strong>iwyo. nersesis<br />
eklesiis sakurTxeveli (qveviT TaRebiT gaxsnili<br />
afsidi) CarTulia arsebuli taZris struqturaSi<br />
_ es iyo eqsedrebiT gaxsnili tetrakonqi, romelsac<br />
mrgvali garSemosavleli ertya (i. giviaSvili, i. koplataZe,<br />
“tao-klarjeTi“. Tbilisi, 2004. gv129)<br />
nersesi gar<strong>da</strong>icvala 661 wels, xolo misi eklesia<br />
iSxanSi, rogorc Cans, maleve <strong>da</strong>ingra murvan yrus<br />
736-738 wlebis <strong>da</strong>msjeli laSqrobebis Sedegad.<br />
<strong>da</strong>ngreuli taZris aRorZineba IX saukunis I naxevar-<br />
Si momx<strong>da</strong>ra. es procesi grigol xancTelis <strong>da</strong> misi<br />
diswulis _ sabas saxels ukavSirdeba. giorgi mer-<br />
Culis cnobiT bagrat I kurapalatisa <strong>da</strong> misi Zmebis<br />
nivTieri <strong>da</strong>xmarebiT sabam nerse episkoposis taZris<br />
nangrevebze xelmeored aago iSxnis axali kaTedrali<br />
(e.TayaiSvili, 1917 wlis arqeologiuri eqspedicia<br />
samxreT saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 1960. gv. 8).<br />
XI saukunis pirvel naxevarSi taZarma orjer ganica<strong>da</strong><br />
mniSvnelovani ga<strong>da</strong>keTeba. pirvelad <strong>saqarTvelos</strong><br />
mefis giorgi I-is dros (1014-1027), razec<br />
metyvelebs samxreTi mklavis karis monoliTur timpanze<br />
Sesrulebuli warwera (Cvens mier mikvleuli<br />
warwerac amave kedelze fiqsirdeba). testi<strong>da</strong>n cxadi<br />
xdeba, rom aw ukve gamqrali karibWe giorgi I-is dros<br />
augiaT <strong>da</strong> taZris momgebeli antoni iSxnis episkoposi<br />
yofila (v. jobaZe, adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli<br />
monastrebi istoriul taoSi, klarjeTsa <strong>da</strong> SavSeT-<br />
Si. Tbilisi, 2006. gv. 240)<br />
meore <strong>da</strong> ufro vrceli ga<strong>da</strong>keTeba bagrat IV-is<br />
zeobaSi (1027-1072), 1032 wels momx<strong>da</strong>ra, <strong>da</strong>mkveTi<br />
iSxnis mTavarepiskoposi antoni, xuroTmoZRvari<br />
ki iovane morCaisZe yofila (iqve, gv.241). am dros<br />
taZarze safuZvliani samuSaoebi Catarebula gumbaTi<br />
ga<strong>da</strong>uxuravT moWiquli kramitiT, misTvis <strong>da</strong>umatebiaT<br />
sarkmlebi, fasadebi kveTili ornamentirebuli<br />
sarkmlis sapireebiTa <strong>da</strong> portalebiT SeumkviaT, uxvad<br />
gamouyenebiaT wnuli ornamentebiT gamoqan<strong>da</strong>kebuli<br />
jvrebic. am safuZvliani ga<strong>da</strong>keTebis Sedegad un<strong>da</strong><br />
gamqraliyo giorgi I-is mefobaSi aSenebuli <strong>da</strong>savleTi<br />
mklavis karibWe (v.jobaZe, adreuli Sua saukuneebis<br />
qarTuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi, klarjeTsa<br />
<strong>da</strong> SavSeTSi. Tbilisi, 2006. gv.227; i.giviaSvili,<br />
i.koplataZe, tao-klarjeTi. Tbilisi, 2004.gv133).<br />
didi saxecvlileba ganucdia uSualod samxreTis<br />
fasadsac, 1032 wlis ga<strong>da</strong>keTebis dros xuroTmoZRvars<br />
“giorgi I-is droindeli mxolod karakini <strong>da</strong><br />
misi warwera <strong>da</strong>utovebiaT xel-uxlebeli, <strong>da</strong>narCeni<br />
ki yvelaferi (karis momrgvalebuli saTauri horizontuli<br />
quslebiT, CarCoebiT, ormagi grexili<br />
svetebi, faqizi wnulebi <strong>da</strong> sxv.) xelaxla gaukeTebiaT,<br />
zustad iseTive samkaulis msgavsad, taZris samxreTi<br />
kedlis sam sarkmels rom amkob<strong>da</strong> im mxares, sa<strong>da</strong>c<br />
kari iyo“ (e. TayaiSvili, 1917 wlis arqeologiuri<br />
eqspedicia samxreT saqarTveloSi. Tbilisi, 1960. gv.<br />
39).<br />
amdenad, cxadia, rom taZris samxreTi kedlis<br />
dRevandeli saxe safuZvliani restavraciis Sedegia,<br />
swored amiT aixsneba Cvens mier mikvleuli warwerebis<br />
esoden fragmentulad <strong>da</strong> uwesrigod CaSeneba<br />
samxreTi fasadis ze<strong>da</strong> registrSi. Tumca es faqti<br />
kidev erTi mosazrebisaken gvibiZgebs, advili Sesa-<br />
Zlebelia rom dRes ukve gafantuli warwerebi Tavis<br />
droze giorgi I-is mefobaSi, anton iSxnis episkoposis<br />
TaosnobiT agebul karibWes amSveneb<strong>da</strong>. Tu am azrs<br />
marTebulad CavTvliT maSin Tr<strong>da</strong>tis Zis vinaobac<br />
SegviZlia vivaraudoT.<br />
giorgi I-is epoqaSi, kerZod ki 950-1020 wlebSi imdroindeli<br />
kavkasiisa <strong>da</strong> bizantiis imperiis xuroTmoZRvarTa<br />
Soris gansakuTrebulad saxelmox-<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
veWili Tr<strong>da</strong>ti gax<strong>da</strong>. arqiteqtor Tr<strong>da</strong>ts miandes<br />
konstantinopolis wmin<strong>da</strong> sofiis taZris gumbaTis<br />
aRdgena, manve aago anisis kaTedrali, mas <strong>da</strong>ukveTes<br />
eklesiis mSenebloba kaTolikosis rezidenciaSi<br />
arginSi (985 w) <strong>da</strong> gagik II samreklos aRmarTva (1001-<br />
1005 ww axlo periodi). Tr<strong>da</strong>ts miaweren marmaSenis,<br />
sanainisa <strong>da</strong> axpatis mTavari taZrebis mSeneblobasac<br />
(К.Маранчи,«Архитектор Трдат и купол Святой Софии»,<br />
Jurn. “Анив” N4, 2006 ). amdenad, cxadia rom xuroTmoZRvris<br />
vinaoba <strong>da</strong> ostatoba kargad iqnebo<strong>da</strong><br />
cnobili <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> samefo karisTvisac, miTumetes<br />
giorgi I-isTvis, romelsac vaspurakanis somxuri<br />
samefos mefis seneqerim arwrunis qaliSvili<br />
hyav<strong>da</strong> colad. aqe<strong>da</strong>n gamomdinare advili SesaZlebelia<br />
qarTvel mefes iSxanSi mimdinare ganaxlebiTi<br />
samuSaoebis dros Tr<strong>da</strong>tis ojaxisaTvis miemarTa,<br />
Sua saukuneebSi xom xelosnoba memkvidreobiT ga<strong>da</strong>dio<strong>da</strong><br />
mami<strong>da</strong>n Svilze, arc isaa gamoricxuli, rom<br />
Tr<strong>da</strong>tis ze<strong>da</strong>mxedvelobiT samuSaoebs uSualod<br />
misi Svili xelmZRvanelob<strong>da</strong>. amitom iSxnis kedelze<br />
mikvleuli warwera Zvirfasi SenaZenia saxelganTqmuli<br />
xuroTmoZRvris biografiisTvisac. es warwera<br />
Tr<strong>da</strong>tis biografiis kidev erT saintereso detals<br />
usvams xazs, misi Zis qarTuli eklesiis kedelze,<br />
qarTulad moxsenieba xom ar niSnavs imas, rom es<br />
saxelganTqmuli ojaxi qarTuli garemos <strong>da</strong>, aqe<strong>da</strong>n<br />
gamomdinare, qalkedonituri samyaros wevri iyo.<br />
giorgi I-is karze es Cveulebrivi movlena gaxl<strong>da</strong>T,<br />
saukeTeso magaliTi mefis meuRle, <strong>saqarTvelos</strong> dedofali<br />
mariam arwrunia, romlis sulieri moZRvari<br />
giorgi mTawmindeli iyo. am garemoebas imitom<br />
vusvamT xazs, rom Znelad warmosadgenia, qarTuli<br />
taZris kedelze araqalkedoniti xuroTmoZRvris<br />
saxeli <strong>da</strong>etanaT. Tumca, asec rom iyos, <strong>da</strong>moukideblad<br />
konfesiisa, faqtia, erT-erTi saukeTeso arqiteqtori<br />
amierkavkasiaSi qarTveli mefis qarTul<br />
SekveTas asrulebs. Sesabamisa<strong>da</strong>c, iSxnis kedelze<br />
warwera Cndeba mxolod qarTul enaze, kaligrafiuli<br />
asomTavruliT. isic aSkaraa, rom iSxnis mar-<br />
Tlamdidebluri kaTedris aRdgenis dros qtitorebi<br />
xuroTmoZRvris aRmsareblobas saTanado<br />
yuradRebas miaqcevdnen.<br />
meore CvenTvis saintereso warwerebis rigi samxre-<br />
Tis kedlis <strong>da</strong>savleTiT mdebareobs. igi ori didi<br />
fragmentisagan Sedgeba, pirveli fragmenti oTx<br />
qvazea ganawilebuli, meore ki xuTzea warmodgenili.<br />
wakiTxvis Semdeg cxadi gax<strong>da</strong>, rom meore SemTxveva-<br />
Si qvebi Tanmimdevrulad Cawyobili _ striqonebi<br />
qviSaqvis kvadrebze Sinaarsis mixedviT grZeldeba.<br />
pirvel fragmentze ki es principi an aRreulia an warwera<br />
imdena<strong>da</strong>a <strong>da</strong>zianebuli, rom frazebis amokiTxva<br />
dRes ukve SeuZlebelia (sur 2).<br />
# #2 1 (01) (01) 24.02.2011<br />
01.09.2009 5
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