samecniero-popularuli Jurnali
samecniero-popularuli Jurnali
samecniero-popularuli Jurnali
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saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
<strong>samecniero</strong>-<strong>popularuli</strong> <strong>Jurnali</strong><br />
#1 (01) 20.11.2009<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 1
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
mTavari redaqtori<br />
giorgi kalandia<br />
saredaqcio jgufi<br />
Tamar natroSvili<br />
rati gumaSvili<br />
gubaz megreliZe<br />
2<br />
mail@artpalace.ge<br />
gamodis kvartalSi erTxel<br />
gasayidad ar vrceldeba<br />
JurnalSi ganTavsebuli masalebis<br />
raime saxiT gamoyeneba<br />
SeTanxmebuli unda iyos<br />
redkolegiasTan<br />
sarCevi<br />
Tamar natroSvili<br />
redaqtorisagan ............................................................... 3<br />
giorgi kalandia<br />
xelovnebis sasaxlis arqiteqtura .................................... 4<br />
meri macaberiZe<br />
SoTa xuciSvili ............................................................... 6<br />
mzia merkvilaZe<br />
zurab anjafariZis vokaluri Semoqmedeba ..................... 10<br />
maia naglaZe<br />
unikaluri adamianis unikaluri nivTi .......................... 12<br />
qeTevan keleptriSvili<br />
kino, rogorc anTropologiuri fenomeni ................ 15<br />
rubrika moamzada marina goZiaSvilma<br />
fotorubrika ................................................................ 18<br />
qeTevan uznaZe<br />
erTi afiSis istoria .................................................... 20<br />
rubrika moamzada Tamar maisuraZem<br />
MEMOIR ............................................................................ 22<br />
lali xositaSvili<br />
erTi saRamo da bevri sixaruli ................................... 28<br />
xaTuna kikvaZe<br />
"kalmis wveri Sens sakadriss veras SemogvTavazebs" ...... 30<br />
rubrika moamzada maka kukulavam<br />
kinoafiSa ...................................................................... 32<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
redaqtorisagan<br />
Tamar natroSvili - aRmosavleTmcodne.<br />
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da<br />
qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumis saganmanaTleblo<br />
programebis xelmZRvaneli.<br />
es is muzeumia, sadac warsuli TanamedroveobaSi aRibeWda<br />
Artpalace – <strong>Jurnali</strong>saTvis es araqarTuli saxeli im muzeums<br />
vesesxeT, romelsac ufro vrclad saqarTvelos Teatris,<br />
musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi hqvia.<br />
saxelis garda muzeumis zogad Tematikasac ar avuareT gverdi<br />
da mkiTxvels Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis Sesaxeb<br />
statiebs vTavazobT.<br />
muzeumSi, romelic 1927 wels daarsda, 300, 000 eqsponatia daculi.<br />
fondebi da arqivebi wlebis ganmavlobaSi muSavdeboda,<br />
mimdinareobda mecnieruli kvleva, ris Sedegadac auarebeli<br />
masala dagrovda, romelic, samwuxarod, farTo mkiTxvel-<br />
TaTvis xelmisawvdomi ar iyo.<br />
Artpalace - is ideac swored am muzeumma warmoSva: Segveqmna <strong>Jurnali</strong>,<br />
sadac mkiTxveli yovel nomerSi waikiTxavs mravalferovan<br />
<strong>samecniero</strong>-popularul statiebs Teatris, musikis, kinosa<br />
da qoreografiis, zogadad xelovnebis Sesaxeb.<br />
pativiscemiT,<br />
Tamar natroSvili<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 3
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
ukve ori saukunea, saqarTvelos dedaqalaqs<br />
unikaluri sasaxle amSvenebs. kargareTelis<br />
quCa, sadac nagebobaa aRmarTuli, XIX saukunis 60ian<br />
wlebSi baRis (SemdgomSi pirogovis) quCad<br />
iwodeboda. am adgilas germanelma kolonizatorebma<br />
ulamazesi baRnarebi gaaSenes. quCasac<br />
saxeli swored aqedan gamomdinare daerqva.<br />
teritoriis didi nawili avstriis imperiis<br />
qveSevrdoms, franc titels ekuTvnoda. 1895<br />
wels titelis qaliSvils, emilias paule (paul)<br />
fridrix SternisaTvis am quCaze sasaxlis mSenebloba<br />
SeukveTavs. rogorc Cans, es proeqti<br />
srulad ver ganxorcielda... man saxecvlileba<br />
ganicada, radgan, savaraudod, nageboba mSeneblobisas<br />
germanelma princma qarTveli mandilosnisTvis<br />
Seisyida. es istoria sasaxles<br />
met momxibvlelobas matebs. cnobilia, rom<br />
1882 wels ruseTis imperatoris naTesavma,<br />
warmoSobiT germanelma konstantine petres<br />
Ze oldenburgelma (1850-1906) qalaq quTaisSi<br />
ulamazesi qalbatoni, Tavad dadianis meuRle,<br />
agrafina jafariZe gaicno. princi imdenad<br />
moixibla qalis mSvenierebiT, rom misi ojaxuri<br />
mdgomareoba arad Caagdo da siyvaruli<br />
gaumxila. oldenburgelis mxurvale grZnobam<br />
agrafinas qmaric daaviwya da movaleobac.<br />
Seyvarebulebma quTaisi datoves da sacxovreblad<br />
TbilisSi gadmovidnen. princma qmrisa-<br />
4<br />
paul fridrix Sterni<br />
xelovnebis sasaxlis<br />
arqiteqtura<br />
gan gamoqceul satrfos emilia titelis miwaze<br />
ulamazesi sasaxle auSena. gadmocemis<br />
mixedviT, am sasaxleSi mogvianebiT<br />
ekaterine WavWavaZis umcrosi vaJi, andria dadiani<br />
cxovrobda. Semdeg ki salome dadianis<br />
meuRle, princi aSil miurati dasaxlda.<br />
im drois erT-erTi saxelganTqmuli arqiteqtori<br />
paul Sterni iyo. misi stili, erTi<br />
mxriv, "aguris goTikis" xasiaTisaa, meore mxriv<br />
ki - did adgils uTmobs islamuri arqiteqturi-<br />
saTvis damaxasiaTebel detalebs. oldenburgelis<br />
sasaxle Sternis Tbilisur tradicias<br />
scildeba. cixe-darbazis tipis nagebobas aqvs<br />
Ria terasa, qvismoajiriani kibe, Sua bastioni<br />
aziduli cicabo saxuraviT da samsarTuliani<br />
koSki saidumlo oTaxiT. mTavar fasadze Tavmoyrili<br />
Seisruli TaRebi, kedelSi Casmuli<br />
vardulebi, moajiris wvrili svetebi goTuri<br />
stilizaciis uCveulo da saintereso nimuSs qmnis.<br />
Senoba or nawilad iyofa. 1900-ian wlebSi<br />
mas samxreTiT ramdenime oTaxi miaSenes. arsebobs<br />
varaudi, rom Sualeduri proeqtis avtori<br />
xuroTmoZRvari aleqsandre rogoiski<br />
iyo. XX-saukunis 40-ian wlebSi ki sabWoTa arqiteqtorebma<br />
Senobas samsarTuliani nageboba<br />
miadges, romlis gare fasadic zustad imeorebs<br />
istoriuli sasaxlis mxatvrul iersaxes.<br />
sagangebod unda aRiniSnos mTavari bas-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
tionis gerbi. aq farze miTuri cxoveli, monocerozi<br />
anu rqosani cxenia gamosaxuli. es aris<br />
TeTri cxeni Sublze didi rqiT. igi Zvel saber-<br />
ZneTsa da romSi realur cxovelad miiCneoda<br />
da ubiwoebisa da sulieri siwmindis simbolos<br />
ganasaxierebda. berZnul miTologiaSi rqosani<br />
cxeni qalwuli RvTaebis artemidas kuTvnilebaa.<br />
legendis Tanaxmad, TeTri cxeni mouxelTebelia,<br />
misi damorCileba mxolod qalwuls SeuZlia<br />
da isic oqros jaWviT unda daabas. rqosani cxeni<br />
daxatuli hyavs rafaelo santis; igi gamosaxulia<br />
Sotlandiis, kanadis, inglisis gerbebze; aRbe-<br />
Wdilia ivane mrisxanis taxtze. igi aseve figurirebs<br />
Suvalovebis, kudriavcevebis, romanovskebis<br />
da rusiSvilebis sagvareulo gerbebze.<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
agrafina jafariZe, grafinia zarnikau - oldenburgi<br />
rogorc Cans, es simbolo qarTul heraldikaSic<br />
Zveli droidanve gamoiyeneboda.<br />
interess ar aris moklebuli ioane batoniSvilis<br />
cnoba, rom daviT IV aRmaSeneblis gerbze<br />
"cxeni rqosani" iyo gamoxatuli. "Rerbsa ama<br />
mefisa SehsZines cxeni rqosani, romelic moipova<br />
TviT mefeman, mimavalman martod tfilisidan<br />
quTaiss saSeneblad.... ixila mcxeTis<br />
iwroTa adgilTa Sua cxeni ese rqosani, dauZaxa<br />
mefeman... aRudva lagami wmidis giorgis cxenisa...<br />
cxeni igi esreT iyo mkvircxl da mali,<br />
romel erT dRes mividis tfilisdgan quTais<br />
da munidgan qarTls da qarTlidan kaxeTs".<br />
giorgi kalandia<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 5
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
SoTa xuciSvili<br />
mxatvari, romelic erT dekoracias ori nawarmoebisaTvis qmnida<br />
Teatraluri mxatvari, SoTa xuciSvili 1950-iani<br />
wlebis bolos gamoCnda SemoqmedebiT asparezze.<br />
rogorc cnobilia, 30-iani wlebis miwurulidan<br />
50-iani wlebis dasawyisamde sabWoTa da, kerZod,<br />
qarTul xelovnebaSi gavrcelda erTgvari viwro<br />
gageba realizmis cnebisa, rodesac aqtualuri Tematika<br />
xSirad ar poulobda Sesabamis mxatvrul formas,<br />
xolo naturalisturad gadmocemuli realoba<br />
gaigivebuliqna realizmTan. xSirad mxatvrul Ziebas<br />
formalizmad naTlavdnen. cxadia, am period-<br />
Sic iqmneboda mniSvnelovani nawarmoebebi, magram,<br />
mTlianobaSi, es calmxrivi tendenciebi aferxebdnen<br />
mxatvrul ganviTarebas. 1950-iani wlebidan<br />
iwyeba am tendenciebis daZleva. metad mniSvnelovani<br />
iyo, rom ufrosi Taobis wamyvan mxatvrebTan er-<br />
Tad axali etapis CamoyalibebaSi didi roli iTamaSa<br />
axalgazrda mxatvarTa mTelma pliadam, romlebic<br />
am wlebSi gamodian samxatvro asparezze. am<br />
axalgazrda mxatvarTa Soris iyo SoTa xuciSvili.<br />
SoTa xuciSvilis Semoqmedebas mkafio saxe aqvs,<br />
radgan kargad icnobda rogorc qarTul sabWoTa,<br />
ise dasavleT evropul da, saerTod, msoflio xelovnebis<br />
saukeTeso nimuSebs.<br />
SoTa xuciSvili 1958 wels aformebs giorgi<br />
erisTavis saxelobis goris dramatuli Teatris<br />
speqtakls - n. vinikovis "rodesac yvavis akacia". samwuxarod,<br />
dekoraciis eskizebi ar SemorCenila, magram<br />
mis warmatebaze metyvelebs is, rom speqtaklis<br />
gaformebis Semdeg igi Teatris mTavar mxatvrad miiwvies.<br />
1958 wlidan sicocxlis ukanasknel dRemde<br />
iq muSaobda.<br />
SoTa xuciSvils, rogorc Teatralur mxatvars,<br />
axasiaTebs gamomsaxvelobiTi saSualebebis<br />
lakonizmi, formis simkveTre da Tetraluri pirobiToba.<br />
speqtaklis pirobiTi gaformeba mis<br />
SemoqnedebaSi TiTqmis yovelTvis emorCileba msaxiobisaTvis<br />
farTo samoqmedebo asparezis Seqmnis<br />
inetresebs. arcerTi zedmeti da gaumarTebeli sagani,<br />
rac xels SeuSlida msaxiobs scenaze moZraobis<br />
dros! yvelaferi, rac scenaze dgas, ferisa da<br />
ganaTebis zemoqmedebis saSualebiT zustad emTxveva<br />
speqtaklis arsis gamovlinebas. dekoracia, sasceno<br />
aqsesuarebi xSirad iZenen garkveul metaforul an<br />
simbolur mniSvnelobas. magram es araa TviTmiznuri.<br />
piriqiT, ise esisxlxorceba gmirebs, rom<br />
bunebrivad, SeumCnevlad erwymis speqtaklis arssa<br />
da aqtiorTa TamaSs. mxatvari fexdafex mihyveba<br />
reJisoris Canafiqrs da zog SemTxvevaSi mxatvris<br />
migneba speqtaklSi mniSvnelovani biZgi xdeba xolme<br />
reJisoruli an dramaturgiuli gadawyvetilebisaTvis.<br />
erTi aseTi magaliTis moyvana SegviZlia<br />
rafiel mamulaSvilis mogonebidan SoTa xuciSvilze.<br />
`goris Teatrma damavala piesa damewera samamulo<br />
omis gmir Tina iosebiZeze. Cavedi Tinas mSobliur<br />
sofelSi - TortizaSi, vnaxe da vesaubre gmiris<br />
mSoblebs, Zmas, naTesavebs, axloblebs, megobrebs,<br />
Tanasoflelebs, erTi sityviT, damigrovda uamravi<br />
masala, romlis safuzvelzec SeiZleboda Tina<br />
6<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
SoTa simonis Ze xuciSvili<br />
Tavisi arcTu xangrZlivi sicocxlis manZilze SoTa xuciSvilma<br />
142 speqtakli gaaforma. ar yofila SemTxveva,<br />
rom misi xelovnebiT ukmayofilo darCeniliyo msaxiobi,<br />
reJisori an mayurebeli. mayurebeli sixaruliT<br />
egebeboda mis mier gaformebul speqtakls, radgan icoda,<br />
rom xelovani raRac axliT gaaxarebda misi niWis<br />
Tayvanismcemlebs.<br />
goris Teatri<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
iosebiZis saxis aRdgena imgvarad, rom damajerebeli<br />
yofiliyo. masala ki Sevagrove, magram<br />
piesis qargis mofiqreba gamiWirda: moqmedeba<br />
unda gaSliliyo TortizaSic da brZolis<br />
velzec (CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, baltiispireT-<br />
Si). rogor damekavSirebina es ori samoqmedo<br />
asparezi, erTmaneTisagan daSorebuli aseuli<br />
kilometrebiTa da gansxavebuli xasiaTiT?<br />
ai, swored im xanebSi Semxvda SoTa xuciSvili<br />
da miTxra: fardaze rom CamovkidoT didi<br />
samkuTxa werili-konverti, frontidan gamogzavnili,<br />
zed eweros: `goris raioni sof.<br />
Tortiza, daviT iosebiZes", ras ityvi? uzomod<br />
gavocdi. Turme Teatris mxatvari ukve muSaobda<br />
jer kidev dauwereli piesis mxatvrul gadawyvetaze!<br />
piesis weras imdResve Sevudeqi. am samkuTxa<br />
werilma akinZa piesis epizodebi. piesis premieraze<br />
mayureblis pirveli taSi fardis gaxsnisa-<br />
Tanave speqtaklis mxatvars ergo (`Teatraluri<br />
moambe", 1987, #6).<br />
mxatvari ZiriTadad akeTebda maketebs, rom<br />
scenis muSisaTvis naTeli yofiliyo is amo-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
aleqsandre sumbaTaSvil-iuJinis "Ralati". giorgi erisTavis saxelobis goris Teatri. 1979 weli<br />
cana, rasac mas mxatvari sTxovda. muSaobisas<br />
maketi fuWdeboda da nadgurdeboda. xSirad<br />
Rames aTenebda, rom dilisaTvis maketi TeatrSi<br />
mietana. aseTi SemTxvevebi mis cxovrebaSi<br />
bevri yofila. magaliTad, erT RameSi gadawyda<br />
speqtaklis - a. fadeevis `axalgazrda gvardiis"<br />
- mxatvruli saxe. gvian Ramemde muSaobda mxatvari,<br />
xatavda eskizebs, eZebda variaciebs, qaRaldze<br />
qmnida dekoraciis sxvadasxva rakurss,<br />
adarebda erTmaneTs... da ucbad, erTi xelis<br />
mosmiT daxia, gadayara eskizebi, uxmod, saocari<br />
gulmodginebiT daiwyo maketis keTeba.<br />
diliT uZinari da daRlili mivida TeatrSi<br />
da reJisor iuri kakulias maketi miutana.<br />
mZafri dramatuli gadawyveta mouZebna mxatvarma<br />
m. mrevliSvilis `zvavis" mxatvrul gaformebas.<br />
Tivis zvini, romelic Tovliani<br />
mTis daniSnulebasac asrulebs, Zirs dawyobili<br />
xis morebi, da haerSi dakidebuli zvavis<br />
pirobiTi gamoxatuleba, romelic elodeba<br />
sabediswero gasrolas. am ganwyobas mxatvari<br />
Semdegnairad qmnis: scena dafarulia TeTri<br />
qsoviliT, romlis qveS moqceuli dekoraciebi<br />
7
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
saintereso moculobebad ikiTxeba. iwyeba speqtakli.<br />
TeTri qsovili nelnela Sordeba iataks da<br />
iwevs zeviT. msubuqi TeTri naWeri, haerisagan<br />
ibereba, moZraobaSi dinamiur formebs iRebs,<br />
mas ecema sinaTlis Zlieri nakadi, naWridan cviva<br />
vercxlisferi mtveri, romelic sinaTleze<br />
elvarebs. dameTanxmebiT, rom aseTi gadawyveta<br />
ucbad moaqcevs mayurebels piesis dramatuli zegavlenis<br />
qveS. amrigad, mxatvarma scenuri pirobiTobiT<br />
Seqmna zvavis wamosvlis saSiSroeba. eskizze<br />
zvavi gamoxatulia funjis Zlieri wriuli<br />
monasmebiT, rac cxovelxatulobas hmatebs mxatvrobas.<br />
speqtaklis dasasrulia, situacia momwifda<br />
dramatuli kulminaciisaTvis, ismis gasrolis<br />
xma, romelic wiTlad gaielvebs Savad<br />
moqufruli cis fonze. zvavi xmauriT, gruxuniT<br />
daiZra, magram axla ufro avis momaswavebelia<br />
misi mRelvare formebi, rasac amZafrebs muqi<br />
lurji feris ganaTeba. imsxverpla udanaSaulo<br />
sicocxle da wynardeba yvelaferi. scenis pirdaRebuli<br />
Savi sibnelidan anaTebs TeTri gamWvirvalebis,<br />
yinulis loloebiT dafaruli<br />
Tovliani mTebis gorozi gamosaxuleba.<br />
mkacri da konkretuli dekoracia, farTo<br />
samoqmedo sivrce, Zunwi feradovani gama, mo-<br />
TeTro-mooqrosfro da Sav-lurji tonebis<br />
monacvleoba reliefurad avlens nawarmoebis<br />
mZafr dramatul xasiaTs. speqtaklisagan miRebuli<br />
STabeWdileba ganumeorebelia Tavisi maxvilgonivruli<br />
mignebiTa da, amave dros, gadawyvetis<br />
dinamikurobiT.<br />
aseve originaluri da Tamami gadawyveta mouZebna<br />
mxatvarma daviT kldiaSvilis or nawarmoebs<br />
`ubedureba" da `msxverpli". erTi dekoracia - ori<br />
nawarmoebisaTvis.<br />
dekoracia ZiriTadad Sedgeba badis, jaWvebisa<br />
da zarebisagan, romlebic saTiTaod Rrma azrobriv<br />
datvirTvas atareben. gansakuTrebul STabe-<br />
Wdilebas axdens zarebidan svetebad Camosuli<br />
sinaTlis nakadi, romelic scenaze wris formas<br />
qmnis. es wreebi aRiqmneba rogorc metafora. igi<br />
gamoxatavs speqtaklSi msaxiobTa mier Seqmnili<br />
giorgi erisTavis saxelobis goris Teatri. 1976 weli<br />
8<br />
daviT kldiaSvilis "ubedureba", "msxverpli"<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
akaki gewaZis "ganZis gataceba"<br />
giorgi erisTavis saxelobis goris Teatri. 1980 weli<br />
saxeebis gonebriv SezRudulobas mTel speqtakl-<br />
Si erTaderTi naTeli saxea wiTelkabiani marine.<br />
wiTeli feris saSualebiT mxatvari migvaniSnebs,<br />
rom marine, rogorc ucodveli zvaraki, msxverplad<br />
ewireba imdroindeli sazogadoebis umecrebas.<br />
Zunwi da lakoniuria dekoraciis eskizebi o.<br />
CxeiZis piesisaTvis `visia visi?!". moqmedeba vi-<br />
Tardeba kaloze. kalo Semoxazulia dabali<br />
wriuli konstruqciis saSualebiT, romelic Semdeg<br />
iSleba xan gzad da xan sasamarTlo darbazad<br />
iqceva. dekoraciis eskizi msuye yviTel ferSia<br />
Sesrulebuli. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom minimaluri<br />
saSualebiT maqsimalur efeqts aRwevs. feris meSveobiT<br />
da dekoraciis umartivesi formiT iZleva<br />
papanaqeba sicxis, Takara mzis qveS gaTamaSebuli<br />
dramis mZafr gancdas.<br />
naRvilan ganwyobilebas qmnis m. eliozaSvilis<br />
`beberi mezurneebis" dekoraciis eskizebi. aq<br />
yofiTi sagnebi da arqiteqturis nimuSebi SerCeulia<br />
erovnuli koloritis Sesaqmnelad.<br />
sevdian ganwyobilebas iwvevs eskizi, romelzec<br />
mitovebuli moxucebi arian gamosaxuli. mwvane<br />
borcvis qveS Sav CoxebSi gamowyobili, xelSi<br />
qarTuli sakravebiT, erTad mdgomi sami Tanabari<br />
simaRlis moxucia gamosaxuli. borcvis Tavze<br />
ki, lurji cis fonze, mkafiod kikiTxeba sami,<br />
rkalad gadaxrili, erTmaneTSi gadaxlarTuli,<br />
waqcevaze misuli koSkis pirobiTi gamosaxuleba.<br />
sakmaod mkveTri lurji da mwvane lokaluri<br />
feris fonze statikur Sav laqad ikiTxeba mox-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
ucTa figurebi. irgvliv yvelaferi gairinda.<br />
mZafrad grZnob moxuc adamianTa umweo, gamoual<br />
mdgomareobas, rac adamianTa gulgrilobiTaa<br />
gamowveuli.<br />
rogorc yvela niWier mxatvars, aseve SoTa xuciSvils<br />
aqvs Tavisi xelwera. mis SemoqmedebaSi<br />
damkviderebulia `sami komponentis" principi,<br />
romelic mTeli speqtaklis dramatul arss<br />
gadmoscems. es aris sami racionaluri, dinamikuri<br />
da metyveli detali, romlebic mayureblis<br />
Tvalwin sulierdeba da erT mTlian gamas<br />
qmnis, magram sxvadasxva SemTxvevaSi, sxvadasxva<br />
formiT da sxvadasxva datvirTviT aRiniSneba.<br />
swored aseTi Zunwi xerxebis gamoyenebiT aniWebs<br />
speqtakls azris sicxoveles da, rac mTavaria,<br />
exmareba msaxiobs scenuri sivrcis aTvisebaSi.<br />
gansxvavebuli ganwyobiT xasiaTdeba<br />
komediuri Janris speqtaklTa eskizebi.<br />
dekoraciis eskizze - lope de vegas `cekvis<br />
maswavlebeli` - gamosaxulia qalaqis moedani<br />
(gaTvaliswinebulia samoqmedo are), aqeTiqiT<br />
SemosazRvruli saxlebis fragmenetebiT,<br />
romlebic erTmaneTs sakmaod plastikuri<br />
formis xidiT ukavSirdebian. eskizze<br />
mxatvars qalaqis Janruli cxovrebis momenti<br />
aqvs asaxuli. eskizze sasiamovno msubuqi ganwyoba<br />
ikiTxeba, rac miRweulia saxeebis rbili<br />
da dinamikuri moZraobiT. akvarelis saRebavis<br />
feradovani gamWvirvaleba aZlierebs satiruli<br />
komediisTvis damaxasiaTebel simsubuqes.<br />
gvamxiarulebs `babajanas qoSebis` (l. iaSvilis)<br />
lado mesxiSvilis saxelobis quTaisis Teatri. 1976 weli<br />
m. mrevliSvilis "zvavi"<br />
fardis eskizi. aq vxedavT gogirdis abanoebis<br />
wiTlad SeRebil gumbaTebs. erTmaneTis ukan Camwkrivebul<br />
meCeTebs, Zveli qalaqis suraTs - babajanas<br />
daxeuli qoSebiT, dakemsili WrelaWrula<br />
tansacmliTa da misi ganuyreli mucelgaberili<br />
doqebiT. eskizis xaliCisebri frontaluri ageba,<br />
wiTeli, mwvane da vercxlisferi tonebis Sexameba<br />
aRmosavluri koloritis SegrZnebas iwvevs.<br />
magram mxatvari arasodes im farglebidan ar<br />
gamodis, rac ase damaxasiaTebelia misi SemoqmedebisaTvis.<br />
speqtaklebs man gansxvabvebuli<br />
dekoraciuli gadawyveta mouZebna. ostaturad<br />
gamoxata is, rac aerTianebs da, amave dros, ganasxvavebs<br />
speqtaklebs erTmaneTisagan, Tan Tavisebur<br />
individualobas aniWebs. daxvewili, la-<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
koniuri kompoziciebi, marjved moZebnili<br />
moednebi, mravalferovani mizanscenebisaTvis<br />
Seqmnili efeqturi moZravi danadgari,<br />
romelic mudmiv saxecvlilebas ganicdis da<br />
riTic aqtiors aZlevs moqmedebis gaSlis saSualebas<br />
- da sxav dekoraciuli aqsesuarebi naTlads<br />
amJRavneben mxatvris mdidar gemovnebas,<br />
piesis Rrma codnas da dauSretel fantazias.<br />
SoTa xuciSvili mWidrod iyo dakavSirebuli<br />
reJisorTan (speqtaklis mTliani xati, mizanscena,<br />
ganaTeba... ). misi Semoqmedeba ganuyofeli<br />
iyo reJisoris Canafiqrisagan, mTlianad<br />
speqtaklisagan. mxatvari arasodes Ralatobda<br />
misTvis damaxasiaTebel ZiriTad principebs da<br />
arc sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi saxe daukargavs.<br />
`Teatris mxatvrisaTvis, upirvelesyovlisa,<br />
aucilebelia novatoroba, gamomgonebloba,<br />
brZola rutinis winaaRmdeg, faqturis<br />
grZnoba da gancda, rom araferi vTqvaT,<br />
iseT sinTezur xelovnebaze, rogoricaa<br />
reJisura, msaxiobis individualoba, musika,<br />
qoreografia, ganaTeba, grimi, kostiumi,<br />
agreTve literaturuli produqciis Rrma<br />
codna. speqtaklis arqitertonika da ferwera.<br />
yvelaferi amis ignorireba gamoiwvevda<br />
dramatuli nawarmoebis gaformebas da ara mis<br />
ideur-mxatvrul gadawyvetas. ideur-mxatvruli<br />
gadawyveta SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis umaRlesi<br />
gamovlenaa. rac Seexeba gaformebas - es maRaziebis<br />
vitrinebis saqmea (S. xuciSvili. 1980).<br />
SoTa xuciSvilis usazRvrod uyvarda Tavisi<br />
saqme. Tavisi arcTu xangrZlivi sicocxlis<br />
ganmavlobaSi SoTa xuciSvilma 142 speqtakli<br />
gaaforma. ar yofila SemTxveva, rom misi xelovnebiT<br />
ukmayofilo darCeniliyo msaxiobi,<br />
reJisori an mayurebeli. mayurebeli sixaruliT<br />
egebeboda mis mier gaformebul speqtakls,<br />
radgan icoda, rom mxatvari raRac axliT gaaxarebda<br />
misi niWis Tayvanismcemlebs.<br />
mxatvris SemoqmedebaSi yovelTvis igrZnoba<br />
gulwrfeloba, siyvaruli, profesiuli damokidebuleba<br />
saqmisadmi, ramac ganapiroba is faqti,<br />
rom SoTa xuciSvilma mniSvnelovani kvali<br />
datova qarTuli Teatralur-dekoraciuli xelovnebis<br />
istoriaSi.<br />
meri macaberiZe<br />
saxviTi xelovnebis fondis mcveli<br />
uiliam Seqspiris "Wirveuli colis morjuleba"<br />
axalcixis Teatri. 1978 weli<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 9
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
zurab anjafariZis<br />
vokaluri Semoqmedeba<br />
mdidari da unikaluria qarTveli eris<br />
musikaluri memkvidreoba, romelSic gamor-<br />
Ceuli adgili vokalur xelovnebas ukavia.<br />
voklauri skolis brwyinvale warmomadgenelia<br />
zurab anjafariZe, romelic qarTvel momReralTa<br />
meoTxe Taobas iwyebs.<br />
zurab anjafariZis vokaluri Semoqmedeba<br />
Taviseburi da ganumeorebelia: sasiamovno<br />
tembris xma, naTeli diqcia, xmis Tanabari xmovaneba<br />
yvela registrSi, uSualoba, artistizmi,<br />
sceniuri momxibvleloba, profesionalizmi<br />
da, rac mTavaria, erovnuli intonaciis utyuari<br />
grZnoba.<br />
zurab anjafariZe mravali musikaluri nawarmoebis<br />
pirveli Semsrulebeli da interpretatoria.<br />
misi Sesruleba emociurobiTa da<br />
musikalobiT gamoirCeva. yoveli personaJis<br />
gansaxierebisas cdilobs, Rrmad Caswvdes<br />
gmiris sulier gancdas.<br />
10 # 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
igi quTaisSi 1928 wlis 12 aprils daibada.<br />
1947 wels zaqaria faliaSvilis centraluri<br />
musikaluri skola daamTavra.<br />
1947 - 1952 wlebSi vano sarajiSvilis saxelobis<br />
saxelmwifo konservatoriaSi swavlobda profesor<br />
daviT andRulaZis klasSi.<br />
1952 wels konservatoriis damTavrebisTanave<br />
Tbilisis zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis operisa<br />
da baletis Teatris dasSi solistad Cairicxa. misi<br />
debiuti iyo guramis partia zaqaria faliaSvilis operaSi<br />
"latavra".<br />
pirvelad Tbilisis konservatoriis saopero<br />
studiaSi moamzada da imRera, xolo Semdeg 1953<br />
wlis 3 marts erovnuli saopero Teatris scenaze<br />
Seasrula abesalomis partia (zaqaria faliaSvilis<br />
opera "abesalom da eTeri").<br />
mas wilad xvda bedniereba, gaegrZelebina sauke-<br />
Teso tradiciebi, romelic daamkvidres abesalomis<br />
Semsruleblebma: vano sarajiSvilma, niko qumsiaSvilma,<br />
daviT andRulaZem.<br />
1952 - 1958 wlebSi erovnuli saopero Teatris<br />
scenaze 23 saopero saxe Seqmna, 20 wamyvani partia im-<br />
Rera: abesalomi, malxazi, gurami (zaqaria faliaSvilis<br />
"abesalom da eTeri", "daisi", "latavra"), don<br />
xoze (bizes "karmeni"), germane (Caikovskis "pikis qali"),<br />
kavaradosi (jakomo puCinis "toska") da sxva.<br />
1959 wlidan igi moskovis didi Teatris solisti<br />
xdeba. debiuti germanis partiis SesrulebiT Sedga.<br />
did TeatrSi misi moRvaweoba mravalferovani da<br />
nayofieri iyo. mReroda dramatuli da lirikuli<br />
tenoris yvela partias. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania<br />
hercogis partia ("rigoleto"), alfredis partia<br />
("traviata"), faustis partia ("fausti"), don karlosis<br />
partia ("don karlosi").<br />
zurab anjafariZem pirvelma Seasrula don karlosis<br />
partia, romelic sabWoTa periodSi daidga<br />
mas Semdeg, rac 1916 wels warmodgeniliqna Teodor<br />
Saliapinis iniciativiT. didi Teatris scenaze dadgma<br />
ganaxorcieles reJisorma ioseb TumaniSvilma da<br />
diriJorma odisei dimitriadim.<br />
did TeatrSi zurab anjafariZis partniorebi<br />
iyvnen saxelganTqmuli solistebi galina viSnevskaia,<br />
irina arxipova, Tamara milaSkina, ivane petrovi, pavle<br />
lisiciazi da sxva.<br />
1964 wlis bolos, pirvelad saopero xelovnebis<br />
istoriaSi, moxda msoflios saukeTeso Teatrebis:<br />
moskovis did Teatrsa da milanis "la skalas" Soris<br />
gastrolebis gacvla, romelSic, rogorc didi Teatris<br />
solisti, zurab anjafariZec monawileobda. igi<br />
asrulebda germanis partias petre Caikovskis "pikis<br />
qalSi". mis Sesrulebas specialistebma umaRlesi Sefaseba<br />
argunes. sainteresoa cnobili italieli pedagogis<br />
j. bara-kara-Colos werili Tavisi yofili<br />
mowafis, andRulaZisadmi: "zurab anjafariZe pirnaTlad<br />
gamovida "pikis qalSi", igi udavod flobs Zveli<br />
skolis teqnikas, misi maRali registri atyvevebs msmenels,<br />
maRali registri ki gansakuTrebiT saWiroa<br />
iseT operaSi, rogorc "pikis qalia", romelic xmas<br />
sagangebo moTxovnebs uyenebs. savsebiT damakmayofila<br />
agreTve gardamavalma registrma, friad sasurveli<br />
iqneboda misi mosmena italiur operaSi".<br />
ai, ras wers gamoCenili momRerali irina arxipova<br />
Tavis werilSi zurabisadmi: "anjafariZe - germani<br />
es aris uaRresad emociuri, brZeni, mxurvale,<br />
musikalurad da vokalurad dasrulebuli saxe. nu<br />
ewyinebaT tenorebs zurabiSvili - germanis saxemde<br />
maT zrda da zrda mouwevT".<br />
WeSmaritad, germanis saxe zurab anjafariZis Semoqmedebis<br />
mwvervals warmoadgens.<br />
zurab anjafariZis Semoqmedebis Tayvanismcemlebis<br />
ricxvi ufro metad gaizarda petre Caikovskis "pikis<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
qalis" ekranizaciis Semdeg, sadac germanis rols axmovanebda.<br />
am filmma TiTqmis mTeli msoflio moiara.<br />
1971 wels WeSmariti profesionali daubrunda<br />
erovnul saopero Teatris scenas. qarTveli kompozitorebi<br />
sakuTar Rirsebad miiCnevdnen, rom<br />
zurab anjafariZe yofiliyo maTi nawarmoebebis<br />
pirveli Semsrulebeli. oTar TaqTaqiSvilis "mindia"<br />
misTvis da masTan kavSirSi iqmneboda. 1971 - 1980<br />
wlebSi intensiurad muSaobda zaqaria faliaSvilis<br />
saxelobis operisa da baletis TeatrSi, Zvel repertuarTan<br />
erTad qmnis axal dadgmebSi axal saxeebs.<br />
berdia ("lela"), manriko ("trubaduri"), otelo ("otelo"),<br />
radamesi ("aida").<br />
radamesis partiis SesrulebiT zurab anjafariZem<br />
moxibla msmeneli. aRsaniSnavia, rom radamesi iTvleba<br />
tenoris erT - erT uZneles partiad. es is rolia,<br />
romelic amJRavnebs momRerlis Zalas, xmis<br />
unarianobas, aqtiorul monacemebs. aseTi rolebi<br />
yvela xmisaTvis arsebobs. magaliTad lirikuli<br />
sopranosaTvis Cio-Cio-sani, banisaTvis - boris godunovi,<br />
dramatuli sopranosaTvis - aida, tenorisaTvis<br />
ki - radamesi. anjafariZe radamesi iyo, gansakuTrebuli<br />
ZaliTa da temperamentiT aRsavse. man<br />
radamesis Cinebuli sceniuri saxe Seqmna. 1980 wels<br />
daidga juzepe verdis "otelo". dadgma ganaxorcieles<br />
reJisorma dimitri aleqsiZem, diriJorma<br />
givi azmaifaraSvilma, mxatvarma farnaoz lapiaSvilma.<br />
otelos partias zurab anjafariZe asrulebda.<br />
es partia moiTxovs did vokalur monacemebsa<br />
da is tenorisaTvis mwvervals warmoadgens. zurab<br />
anjafariZe sruliad daeufla am saxes da gamoavlina<br />
mkveTri saSemsruleblo individualoba. zurab anjafariZe<br />
warmatebiT mReroda aramarto saopero<br />
scenaze. is saucxoo kameruli momReralic iyo. mis<br />
repertuars amSvenebda qarTuli romansebi, qarTuli<br />
xalxuri simRerebi, qarTvel kompozitorTa kameruli<br />
nawarmoebebi. mis sakoncerto programaSi TvalsaCino<br />
adgili ekava franc Subertis, robert Sumanis,<br />
iohanes bramsis, petre Caikovskis, sergei raxmaninovis,<br />
nikoloz rimski - korsakovis romansebs.<br />
nayofier pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda vano<br />
sarajiSvilis konservatoriis voklaur kaTedraze<br />
(1971 wlidan) da Tbilisis SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis<br />
Teatraluri institutis musikaluri disciplinebis<br />
kaTedraze (1975 wlidan).<br />
1979 - 1982 wlebSi zaqaria faliaSvilis saxelobis<br />
operisa da baletis Teatris direqtori iyo.<br />
saamayoa, rom misi moRvaweoba Tbilisisa da<br />
moskovis saopero TeatrebSi, mravalricxovani<br />
gastrolebi sazRvargareT (kanadaSi, safrangeTSi,<br />
saberZneTSi, italiaSi) da agreTve sakoncerto moRvaweoba<br />
aRiarebuli iqna.<br />
1971 wels mieniWa zaqaria faliaSvilis premia.<br />
1961 wels mieniWa saqarTvelos saxalxo artistis,<br />
xolo 1966 wels ssrk saxalxo artistis wodebebi.<br />
man gaamdidra erovnuli saopero xelovneba axali<br />
saxeebiT.<br />
zurab anjafariZe didi artisti, Wkviani da iSviaTi<br />
partniori, qarTuli voklauri skolis mSveneba iyo<br />
da, imedia, rom misi sasiamovno, xaverdovani tenori<br />
da WeSmariti qarTuli belkanto kidev didxans<br />
emaxsovreba msmenels.<br />
mzia merkvilaZe<br />
mecnieri TanamSromeli musikis sakiTxebSi<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 11
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
12<br />
unikaluri<br />
adamianis<br />
unikaluri<br />
nivTi<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
didi qarTveli sazogado moRvawis, qarTuli<br />
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mier wmindanad<br />
Seracxuli dimitri yifianis cxovrebisa da<br />
Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb qarTul istoriografias<br />
ZiriTadad xelnawerebi da fotodokumentacia<br />
SemorCa. aqedan gamomdinare udidesi sulieri,<br />
simboluri da istoriuli mniSvneloba eniWeba<br />
yvela im nivTs, romelic am didi moRvawis cxovrebas<br />
ukavSirdeba. am mxriv saqarTvelos<br />
Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis<br />
saxelmwifo muzeumi gamorCeuli siZveleTsacavia,<br />
radgan aq dimitri yifianis cxovrebis amsaxveli<br />
ori relikvia SemorCa. orive maTgani<br />
qarTveli wmindanis naklebadcnobil SemoqmedebiT<br />
moRvaweobas ukavSirdeba. amjerad<br />
erT-erT maTganze SevaCerebT yuradRebas.<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
muzeumis memorialur da xelovnebis nimuSTa<br />
fondSi daculia samgzavro neseseri. neseseri<br />
franguli sityvaa (Necessaire) da pirdapir TargmanSi<br />
`aucilebels", `saWiros" niSnavs. klasikuri<br />
gagebiT es aris yuTi piradi higienis an makiaJis<br />
sagnebisaTvis. Cven SemTxvevaSic imave nivTTan<br />
gvaqvs saqme, Tumca eqsponati maRali mxatvruli<br />
RirebulebiTa da saintereso gaformebiT gamoirCeva.<br />
neseseri damzadebulia xisagan, romelic<br />
SeRebilia Savi polirebuli saRebaviT da gaformebulia<br />
zambaxis stilizirebuli formis<br />
liTonis salteebisagan, wina mxares da gverdebSi<br />
salteebi iseaa gadajaWvuli, rom jvris<br />
ornamentacias qmnis. orive mxares Camagrebulia<br />
liTonisive xelsakidebi. (eqsponatis zomebia<br />
33,5X25,5X21 sm.). neseseri SigniT datixrulia sxvadasxva<br />
zomisa da formis muyaos melnisferi<br />
ujrebiT, sam Tanabar nawilad (pirveli tixari<br />
Sedgeba 6, meore - 2 da mesame - 4 patara ujrisagan).<br />
neseseris Tavsaxuris Sida mxare gaformebulia<br />
Ria lurji feris abreSumis qsoviliT,<br />
xolo wina mxaris kideze frangulad Sesrulebulia<br />
Semdegi warwera: ROUDET. Galerie Valois 171.<br />
Palais-Royal. aRniSnuli warwera mravalmxriv<br />
sainteresoa. striqonis pirveli sityva `ROUDET”<br />
franguli gvaria da igi xelosnis vinaobaze<br />
miuTiTebs. aqve miTiTebulia nivTis Sesyidvisa<br />
da damzadebis adgili: Galerie Vallois (valuas galerea).<br />
es franguli firma saukuneze meti xania arsebobs.<br />
misi sruli dasaxelebaa JorJ filipisa<br />
da natali valuas galerea (Galerie Georges-Philippe<br />
& Nathalie Vallois). igi ZiriTadad art-dekoraciebis,<br />
Tanamedrove skulpturebis, sxvadasxva<br />
mxatvruli aqsesuarebis damzadebiT, gayidviTa<br />
da gamofeniTaa dakavebuli. striqonis bolo-<br />
Si arsebul frazas `Palais-Royal” `samefo sasaxles"<br />
meorenairad `kardinalis sasaxlesac"<br />
uwodebdnen. es aris safrangeTis erT-erTi<br />
yvelaze gamorCeuli istoriuli Zegli,<br />
igi kardinal riSelies brZanebiT<br />
aSenda da luvris win mdebareobs.<br />
swored am sasaxlis pirvel<br />
sarTulze iyo ganlagebuli<br />
sxvadasxva galereebi da, maT<br />
Soris, valuasi. 1793 wlis 13<br />
ivliss Sarlota kordem am<br />
sasaxlis pirvel sarTulze,<br />
erT-erT salonSi iyida dana,<br />
romliTac safrangeTis revoluciis<br />
winamZRoli Jan pol<br />
marati mokla.<br />
eqsponati sarestavracioa, dazianebulia<br />
kuTxeebi da amovardnilia<br />
ramdenime liTonis<br />
salte.<br />
samwuxarod samuzeumo dokumentaciaSi<br />
sruli da amomwuravi informaciis<br />
mopoveba SeuZlebelia. neseseri muzeumis sainventaro<br />
wignSi dafiqsirebulia 1961 wels, eqsponatis<br />
SemosulobaTa oqms ki ver mivakvlieT,<br />
amdenad danamdvilebiT ver vityviT vin Semoswira<br />
neseseri muzeums, an romeli koleqciidan<br />
gadmoeca igi sacavs. erTi rac danamdvilebiT<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
SeiZleba iTqvas, relikvia dimitri yifianis piradi<br />
kuTvnilebaa, rasac aqve Sesrulebuli warwera<br />
miuTiTebs.<br />
monograma ori nawilisagan Sedgeba: mTavari<br />
detali spilenZis gvirgvinia (9,5X5 sm), mis qvemoT<br />
ki iSviaTi xelovnebiT liTonis asoebiT<br />
Sesrulebulia sazogado moRvawis iniciali.<br />
warwera erTstriqoniania. asomTavruli asoebis<br />
simaRle 1-dan 8 santimetramde meryeobs,<br />
gankveTilobisa da qaragmis niSani gamoyenebuli<br />
araa. warweraSi centraluri adgili gvars ukavia,<br />
saxelis aRniSvnis dros ki sazedaod gamoyvanilia<br />
asomTavruli "d", romlis sferoSic<br />
Cawerilia "imitri".<br />
monograma CvenTvis mravalmxrivaa saintereso.<br />
upirveles yovlisa yuradRebas iqcevs<br />
gvirgvini, romelsac centraluri adgili ukavia.<br />
Cndeba kiTxva, ratom gaCnda dimitri yifianis<br />
inicialSi samefo Zalauflebis es niSani?<br />
yifianebis gvaris warmoSobaze qarTulma xalxurma<br />
zepirsityvierebam metad sayuradRebo<br />
gadmocema Semogvinaxa: uZveles dros yifianebis<br />
winaprebs svaneTSi ucxovriaT. bagrat mefis<br />
dros svaneTis sofel wvirmSi cxovrobda<br />
morkinali-meomari giorgi gogiaZe, romelsac<br />
hyavda aTasi morkinali.<br />
bagrat mefes xonTqarma metismetad gauWira<br />
saqme. osmaleTis jari gadmosxa Savi zRvis napirs<br />
da dRe-dReze unda Semoseoda imereTs.<br />
bagrat mefem maSinve afrina Sikriki giorgi gogiaZesTan<br />
svaneTSi da acnoba: aba, Cemo giorgi,<br />
rogorc imedi maqvs Seni, axlave Senis aTasis<br />
kaciT da cxeniswyals gadmoRma momeSveleo.<br />
giorgim moismina mefis brZaneba da Sikriki<br />
ukanve gamoistumra: moaxsene imereTis mefesa<br />
da Cems mbrZanebels, rom dauyovnebliv veaxlebio.<br />
giorgi meomrebiTurT gaudga gzas da dabinavda<br />
murTan (cxeniswylis marcxena napiras).<br />
aqedan Sikriki gaugzavna<br />
quTaisSi<br />
b a g r a t<br />
mefes da<br />
a c n o b a :<br />
geaxeli,<br />
mefeo.<br />
m e f e m<br />
mousmina<br />
S i k r i k s<br />
da brZana:<br />
raSi<br />
m i n d a<br />
Seni bat<br />
o n i s<br />
murSi dabanakeba,<br />
me is<br />
aq mWirdebao.<br />
Sikrikma mokrZalebiT<br />
miugo mefes:<br />
is stuma- ria, mefeo, Sen maspin-<br />
Zeli, stumars iq unda Seegeboo. -kargi,<br />
- brZana mefem: - wadi da moaxsene Sens batons,<br />
movdivar-Tqo.<br />
Sikriki gabrunda. mefe Tavis amaliT murs<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 13
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
gaemgzavra.<br />
morigeebma moaxsenes giorgis: mefe mobrZandebao.<br />
giorgi myisve gamovida Tavisi sadgomidan<br />
da mefes Seegeba.<br />
- oh, Cemo giorgi gogiaZe, ra yifiani rama<br />
xar! - miaZaxa mefem da gadaexvia giorgis (yifi -<br />
sulxan-sabas leqsikonis mixedviT amays niSnavs).<br />
mas aqeT daerqva giorgis gogiaZe-yifiani. Semdeg<br />
da Semdeg gogiaZe daikarga da darCa yifiani.<br />
gogiaZis STamomavloba gamravlda da zogi<br />
leCxums dasaxlda, zogi raWas, zogic Sorapnis<br />
mazraSi. mTavari isaa, rom yifianebi SemdegSic<br />
TavdadebiT emsaxurebodnen imereTis samefos<br />
gaZlierebis saqmes, kerZod, solomon I-is erTgul<br />
ficiskacebs Soris yifianebic moixsenebian<br />
(i. uTuraSvili. dimitri<br />
yifiani. Tb. 1989. gv 7-6).<br />
amdenad, es gadmocema kargad<br />
miuTiTebs yifianebis<br />
sagvareulos damokidebulebasa<br />
da vasalobis<br />
statuss imereTis mefisadmi.<br />
rogorc<br />
Cans, yifianebi<br />
samefo aznaurebi<br />
iyvnen da uSualod<br />
xelmwifes emor-<br />
C i l e b o d n e n .<br />
swored am faqtis<br />
gamoZaxilia<br />
inicialis Tavze<br />
m o T a v s e b u l i<br />
didi gvirgvini.<br />
savaraudoa, rom<br />
dimitri yifianma<br />
sakuTar nivTze<br />
Zalauflebis am niSnis<br />
gamosaxviT Tavisi<br />
sagvareulos istorias<br />
gausva xazi.<br />
Cvens muzeumSi daculi<br />
neseseri viwro, profesiuli<br />
daniSnulebis nivTia,<br />
mas moixmaren iseTi adamianebi,<br />
romelTac es saqmidan gamomdinare<br />
sWirdebaT. Cveni neseseri ki sasceno<br />
moRvaweTaTvisaa gankuTvnili. am SemTxvevaSic<br />
ibadeba kiTxva, ramdenad ukavSirdeba igi yifianis<br />
SemoqmedebiT moRvaweobas? cnobilia,<br />
rom dimitri yifiani me-19 saukunis 30-ian wleb-<br />
Si monawileobda scenis moyvarulTa wreebis<br />
saqmianobaSi. mas jer vxedavT manana orbelianis<br />
TaosnobiT warmodgenil `aqtisnair warmodgenaSi"<br />
da Semdeg vaxtang orbelianis wreSi. 1850ian<br />
wlebSi, giorgi erisTavTan erTad dimitri<br />
yifiani monawileobda qarTuli profesiuli<br />
dramatuli Teatris aRdgenaSi. es Teatri miznad<br />
isaxavda qarTul sazogadoebaSi patriotul<br />
ZalTa gamoRviZebas. sayuradReboa isic,<br />
rom dimitri scenazec uSualod gamodioda.<br />
1850 wlis 2 ianvars, speqtakl `gayraSi" mas Seusrulebia<br />
ivanes roli, xolo imave wlis 3 maiss<br />
`davaSi" - Tavad iaia Wiorelis roli. `gayraSi"<br />
yifianma kidev araerTxel miiRo monawileoba.<br />
14<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
rusuli imperialisturi politikis Sedegad<br />
1856-1879 wlebs Soris mudmivmoqmedma profesiulma<br />
Teatrma arseboba Sewyvita, Tumca axalgazrdoba<br />
am danaklisis gamosworebas cdilobda.<br />
dimitri yifiani am wamowyebaSic aqtiurad<br />
monawileobda. 1870-ian wlebSi igi Tbilisis<br />
scenis moyvareTa wreebs meTaurobs da maT warmodgenebsac<br />
reJisorobs. mis binaze sistematurad<br />
imarTeba repeticiebi, dimitrim scenaze<br />
gamoiyvana sakuTari rZali elene (lola) yifiani,<br />
vaJi - kote, axlo naTesavebi efro da<br />
maraim yifianebi. sazogado moRvawe dramatul<br />
wres 1878 wlamde xelmZRvanelobda. imave<br />
wels, roca dramatuli komiteti Camoyalibda,<br />
e.w. sacdeli sezonis Casatareblad<br />
komitetis Tavmjdomared air-<br />
Cies. igi iyo qarTuli dramatuli<br />
sazogadoebis er-<br />
TerTi damfuZnebeli da<br />
misi gamgeobis wevri.<br />
amdenad, dimitri<br />
yifianis<br />
m o R v a w e o b a S i<br />
Teatralur xelovnebasgansakuTrebuliadgili<br />
ekava. Cveni<br />
azriT, swored<br />
am periodiT<br />
unda ganisazRvros<br />
neseseris<br />
d a m z a d e b i s<br />
TariRic, ker-<br />
Zod 1850-1856<br />
wlebiT, es is<br />
droa, roca yifiani<br />
scenaze qarTuli<br />
profesiuli<br />
Teatris daxurvamde<br />
moRvaweobda.<br />
maia naglaZe<br />
muzeumis memorailur da xelovnebis<br />
nimuSTa fondis mcveli<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
rogorc<br />
anTropologiuri<br />
fenomeni<br />
kino - kulturis dargi, romelic awarmoebs da<br />
mayurebels uCvenebs kinofilmebs.<br />
anTropologia - mecniereba adamianis warmoSobisa da evoluciis,<br />
adamianTa rasebis Sesaxeb. ikvlevs adamianis fizikuri tipis<br />
variaciebs drosa da sivrceSi, adamianisa da misi rasebis warmoSobis,<br />
Camoyalibebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis Seswavlis mizniT.<br />
kinos magiuri bunebis Sesaxeb gansakuTrebiT saintereso naSromi<br />
aqvs edgar morens - "kino, anu warmosaxviTi adamiani". es<br />
gamokvleva pirvelad 1956 wels daibeWda, xolo 1958 wels xelmeored<br />
gamosces, radgan didi interesi gamoiwvia dasavlur<br />
literaturaSi.<br />
pirvel yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom moreni kinos kompleqsuri<br />
Sewavlis problemas exeba, xolo Seswavlis procesSi upiratesobas<br />
anTropologias aniWebs.<br />
morenis azriT homo cinematographicus-is Seswavla uaxlovdeba<br />
da erwymis homo sapiens-is Seswavlas. "kinoxelovneba, filmis<br />
industria mxolod xiluli elementebia Cven mier fenomenis<br />
cnobierebaSi, romelic Cven mis mTlianobaSi unda ganvixiloT.<br />
uxilavi nawili ki aris bundovani miniSneba Cvens adamianur arsebobaze,<br />
romelic iseTive udao da xelSeuxebelia, rogorc<br />
Cveni guliscema, Cveni sulieri moTxovnebi". - swored amitom<br />
erwymis mecniereba kinos Sesaxeb mecnierebas adamianis Sesaxeb<br />
"anTropologias, romelic ar aris Caketili <strong>samecniero</strong><br />
sistema - "anTropologia, istoria, sociologia - erwymis, gadadis<br />
erTmaneTSi". kinosa da anTropologiis dakavSireba erTi<br />
SexedviT gaocebas iwvevs, magram maT Soris paralelis gavleba<br />
marTlac SeiZleba, rasac ufro adre eizenSteinTan vxvdebiT.<br />
is aRniSnavs, rom "erTi da igive azri SeiZleba gamoiTqvas Tanamedrove<br />
gramatikuli wesebiT da ise, rogorc igi gamoiTqmeboda<br />
metyvelebis struqturis adrindeli formebiT. es ukanaskneli<br />
qmnis sityvebis grZel rigs, romlebic Zalian axloa<br />
asintaqsur rigTan - wers eizenSteini - magram Tu SevecdebiT warmovidginoT<br />
sintaqsurad sworad warmoTqmuli fraza scenaze<br />
an kinoSi, Cvenda gasaocrad miviRebT CvenTvis kargad cnobil<br />
samontaJo furcels".<br />
moreni ZiriTadad eyrdnoba frangi mkvlevaris levi-brulis<br />
naSromebs, romelmac cnobierebis qmedeba dayo or formad<br />
- pralogikurad da logikurad.<br />
morenis wignSi yvelaze xSirad sityva "gardasaxva" gvxvdeba.<br />
rac, ase Tu ise, avtoris azrovnebis stilsac axasiaTebs. moreni<br />
istorikosia. sainteresoa misi da sadulis azris Sedareba<br />
imave xasiaTis masalasTan. sadulisaTvis kinos istoria teqnikuri,<br />
fizikuri, optikuri eqsperimentebisa da aRmoCenebis uwyveti<br />
jaWvia. kinos sanaxaobiTi bunebis garkvevisaTvis saduli<br />
jadosnur farans, Crdilebis Teatrsa da kinos Soris avlebs<br />
paralels. morenic amtkicebs, rom lumierebis winamorbed-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 15
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
ni, jadosnuri faranis gamomgoneblebi, aTanazoes<br />
kirxeli (1601-1662) da robertsoni (1763-1837) iyvnen.<br />
magram Tu sadulisaTvis jadosnuri faranis damsaxureba<br />
aq mTavrdeba, morenisaTvis kirxeli da robertsoni<br />
magiis arqauli formebis saidumlo wesebisa<br />
da kultebis memkvidreni arian.<br />
Crdilebis Teatrisa da jadosnur faranSi morens<br />
surs, aRmoaCinos maTi fsiqologiuri arsi da<br />
sanaxaobrioba. Crdilebis gardasaxvaSi marTlac<br />
imaleboda raRac magiuri saidumloeba, magram am azriT<br />
kinos Sedareba Crdilebis TeatrTan albaT ar<br />
SeiZleba.<br />
moreni amtkicebs, rom kacobriobisaTvis kinos<br />
gamogonebas iseTive mniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc TviTmfrinavisas.<br />
is cdilobs aRmoaCinos kinoSi is rasac<br />
yuradRebas ar aqceven istorikosebi, romelTa<br />
namuSevrebic mas didad ver exmareba. isini mxolod<br />
faqtebs aZleven mas, romlebsac mecnieri uxvad iyenebs<br />
Tavis naSromSi. is eZebs kinos "saidumloebas", kinos<br />
fsiqologiur arss.<br />
miuxedavad imisa, rom aviaciisagan gansxvavebiT<br />
kino praqtikulad usargebloa, morenis azriT es<br />
mainc moCvenebiTi STabeWdilebaa. kinos SeuZlia<br />
Secvalos, gaagrZelos, gaejibros realobas. am debulebiT<br />
moreni cdilobs daamtkicos, rom kino<br />
akmayofilebs adamianebis moTxovnebs ise, rogorc<br />
aviacia, rom adamians kinos gareSe ar SeuZlia. adre<br />
adamiani mxolod fantaziorobda, axla is ocnebobs<br />
xelovnurad Seqmnili manqanis - kinos meSveobiT.<br />
adamianis cnobierebaSi warmoiqmneba suraTebi, kinos<br />
daxmarebiT ki isini adamianis dakvirvebis sagnad<br />
iqcevian aramarto Tavisi saboloo rezultatiT,<br />
aramed moZraobis procesSic. "kino gasagebs xdis ara<br />
marto Teatrs, poezias, musikas, aramed cnobierebis<br />
Sinagan Teatrs; gamogonili realoba, warmodgena,<br />
xilva - es Cvens cnobierebaSi arsebuli mini kinoa".<br />
kinos aRqma SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc warmosaxvis<br />
obieqtivizacia, rogorc cxovreba warmosaxviT<br />
realobaSi, romelsac aqvs realurad arsebuli<br />
yvela Tviseba. mayurebeli aRiqvams ara marto<br />
konkretuli reJisoris films, aramed mis warmosaxvaSi<br />
warmoqmnil suraTebsac, romelic mayureblis<br />
grZnobebs gamoxatavs. obieqturis da subieqturis<br />
mkacri zRvari kinos aRqmis dros qreba. iqmneba axali<br />
struqtura, romelic aerTianebs am or elements,<br />
magram ar udris maT. morenis azriT kino saocaria<br />
cxovrebiseuli suraTebis zusti aslebis gadmocemis<br />
gamo, romelnic mainc saocarni arian. gamosaxulebis<br />
mimzidvelobis saidumlo mis fotogeniurobaSia. es<br />
ukansakneli fotografiidan viciT. fotografiis<br />
aRqmisas Cndeba iluzia, rom es foto ki ara, masze<br />
gamosaxuli adamiania. moreni amtkicebs, rom foto<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
Cvenive Semecnebis meSveobiT axdens Cvenze gavlenas -<br />
"fotografiis arsi TviTon masSi ki ar aris, aramed<br />
imaSi rasac Cven vafiqsirebT" - e.i. fotografia erTdroulad<br />
obieqturi gamosaxuleba da warmosaxviTi<br />
saxea. Cveni sakuTari foto ki imis gamosaxulebaa, Tu<br />
ra Sexeduleba gvaqvs sakuTar Tavze, mokled es Cven<br />
mier warmodgenili oreulia. TiToeul Cvengan-<br />
Tan mudam aris Cveni oreuli, romelic ar aris mxolod<br />
Cveni asli, e.i. aramarto "me TviTon", aramed<br />
"me TviTon, magram sxvanairi". kinos geneziss moreni<br />
oreulis ideas ukavSirebs. igi askvnis: "mTeli<br />
Tavisi arsebobis ganmavlobaSi adamiani qmnis saku-<br />
Tar gamosaxulebebs spilos Zvalze, gamoqvabulebis<br />
kedlebze da sxva. ra Tqma unda, aseTsaves miekuTvneba,<br />
rasac elizis altamiras laskos gamosaxulebebi... magram<br />
es gamosaxulebani arasodes ar yofila xarisxiT<br />
ase axlos realobasTan. amitom iyo saWiro kino,<br />
rom warmosaxviTi procesebi obieqturad aRqmuliyo<br />
ase safuZvlianad da yovlismomcvelad".<br />
fotografiisagan gansxvavebiT kino ar SeiZleba<br />
mivakuTvnoT elementarul TviTganWvretas. Cven vcdilobT<br />
SevqmnaT aramarto Cveni msgavsi, aramed Cvengan<br />
gansxvavebuli oreuli, Cven veswrafviT idealizaciisaken,<br />
Cvens Tavs ufro Zlierebad da keTilSobilebad<br />
warmovidgenT - es sisuste fotozec Cans, magram<br />
asmagdeba kinoSi radganaq Cveni oreuli gamosaxulebis<br />
sizustiT ar aris SezRuduli.<br />
lumieris kinematografi mxolod yofiT scenebs<br />
asaxavs - man fotografiis mravali Tavisebureba gamoiyena,<br />
amitom samarTliania saduli, roca aRniSnavs,<br />
rom lumieri "uSualod ojaxuri albomidan iwyebs".<br />
rogori SezRudulic unda iyos, Tavisi SesaZleblobebiT<br />
kinematografi ukve "totaluri kinos mikrosamyaroa,<br />
romelic oreulebis mravalferovnebis<br />
restavraciaa - acocxlebs Crdilebs, romelnic<br />
momxiblavni arian da ar gaaCniaT sikvdilis SiSi".<br />
kinos es Tavisebureba saSualebas aZlevs morens<br />
ganacxados, rom kinematografi Crdil-anareklis<br />
saxea elementaruli da anTropologiouri<br />
mniSvnelobiT. is aRadgens oreulis pirvelad<br />
formebs XX saukuneSi, "es antropologiuri<br />
saocrebaa"."saocreba" kidev imaSi mdgomareobs, rom<br />
aCrdili, oreuli, Crdili obieqtur Tvisebebs<br />
iZens.<br />
morens yvelaze metad kinos mentaluri buneba ainteresebs,<br />
amitom igi rTavs kinos fsiqologiur an,<br />
misi ganmartebiT, anTropologiur process. misi<br />
azriT, lumieris dokumenturma filmebma bolomde<br />
ver gamoavlines kinos anTropologiuri arsi. lumierma<br />
warmogvidgina kinogamosaxulebis siZliere,<br />
misi materialuroba. morenisaTvis kino meliesis<br />
SemoqmedebiT iwyeba, romlis mimarT sakmaod ten-<br />
16 # 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
denciuria - mas kinematografis homeross uwodebs.<br />
kinos istorikosebi, cxadia ar uaryofen meliesis<br />
did damsaxurebas kinoenis CamoyalibebaSi. "maT<br />
ician, rom am mutrukebma Secvales kinos suli, ambobs<br />
moreni, magram maT am triukebis arsi ar ician". triuki<br />
- moZravi kinos genetikuri da struqturuli safuZvelia.<br />
anTropologi moreni da istorikosi saduli<br />
pirveli triukis warmoqmnis istorias erTnairad<br />
gadmogvcemen: parizSi, operis moedanze gadaRebisas<br />
erTi wuTiT gaCerda kinoaparati; Semdeg isev<br />
amuSavda. amasobaSi quCaSi moZraoba Seicvala. omnibusis<br />
nacvlad gamoCnda katafalki. mamakacis nacvlad<br />
qali. saduli am triukSi montaJis safuZvlebs xedavs,<br />
moreni ki imas, rac kinos anTropologiur bunebas<br />
adasturebs. moreni darwmunebulia, rom meliesis<br />
yvela triuki Tavisi bunebiT genetikurad uaxlovdeba<br />
fantastikis Teatrs da jadosnur farans. gadaqdceva<br />
- sabavSo TamaSis, zRaprebisa da im moTxrobebis<br />
aucilebeli pirobaa, romlebis pirvelyofili sazogadoebis<br />
cxovrebaze mogviTxrobs. drois ritmi<br />
kinoSi xan aCqarebulia xan Senelebuli, dro SeiZleba<br />
ukan dabrundes. kinos es Tavisebureba SesaZleblobas<br />
aZlves mas, daakvirdes iseT rames, rac cxovrebaSi<br />
SeuZlebelia. msxvili planis meSveobiT yvela sagnis<br />
gazrda SeiZleba giganturi zomiT. usulo sagnebi<br />
SeiZleba sulieri gaxdes. isini moZraoben, iZenen<br />
adamianur Tvisebebs.<br />
kinosaxeebis meSveobiT mayurebels sakuTari Tavis<br />
Sefasebis saSualebas iZleva. kinos mizani swored<br />
is aris, rom SemogvTavazos sakuTari Tavis Secnobis<br />
saSualebis dausrulebeli gama. kino gvaocebs<br />
Tavisi sinamdviliT, magram Tavis Zalas sul sxva<br />
ramiT gvaCvenebs. mayurebeli eswreba fantastikur<br />
SemTxvevebs, katastrofebs, devnas, mniSvnelovan istoriul<br />
movlenebs, Tanac iseTi emociuri gavlenaa,<br />
rom mayurebels sruli STabeWdileba aqvs, rom yvelaferi<br />
mis Tvalwin xdeba. kinos samyaros praqtikuli<br />
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, mas efeqturobis Rirebuleba<br />
gaaCnia. kinos aRqmisas praqtikul cxovrebaSi<br />
gamoumJRavnebeli "me" iRviZebs. kinoSi es procesi<br />
ufro intensiuria, vidre realur cxovrebaSi. garegnulad<br />
mayurebeli pasiuria, rac Tavis mxriv fsiqikuri<br />
regresis mizezia, ris Semdegac "Cven vxdebiT<br />
ufro sentimentalurebi, mgrZnobiareni, advilad<br />
vtiriT, roca ara gvaqvs moZraobis unari". fsiqikur<br />
regress xels uwyobs darbazSi arsebuli sibnele,<br />
neitralizebuli socialuri stereotipebi da da-<br />
Clungebuli fizikuri reaqcia. mayurebeli relaqsaciis<br />
mdgomareobaSia. mayurebeli martoa, magram, amave<br />
dros, is adamianebis garemocvaSia. koleqtiuri<br />
Tanaziareba mxolod amZafrebs individualurs.<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
regresis mdgomareobaSi yofnisas cnobierebis elementaruli<br />
Sreebi Tavisufldeba, ekranidan gadmocemul<br />
ambavs mayurebeli mxolod Tavisi Semecnebis<br />
doneze aRiqvams. a. bazeni ar eTanxmeba am azrs. igi<br />
ambobs, rom "es ori mimarTuleba miemarTeba erTi<br />
wertilisaken, magram arsad ar erwymis erTmaneTs. me<br />
ar SemiZlia erTnairad gavaigivo Cemi Tavi tarzan-<br />
Tan da soflel mRvdelTan".<br />
filmis aRqma gansakuTrebuli situaciaa, sadac<br />
mravali oreulis daxmarebiT xdeba adamianTa<br />
sruli gaxsna, - es ki sxva araferia, Tu ara anTromorfizm<br />
- kosmomorfizmi, obieqti da subieqti<br />
ganuyofelni xdebian, filmis dinebis da adamianis<br />
Semecnebis Serwymis Sedegad mayurebls ar SeuZlia<br />
uyuros films, is mas grZnobs.<br />
morenisaTvis Homo Cinematographicus-i aris Homo Sapiens<br />
- is modeli, es ukanaskneli ki SeiZleba ornairi<br />
iyos: Homo Faber - moqmedi adamiani da Homo Imaginaise -<br />
gamogonili adamiani.<br />
morenis azriT, kinos aRqma saerTod gvaZlevs<br />
adamianis mier samyaros aRqmis Seswavlis saSualebas.<br />
Semdeg avrcelebs azrs ori epoqis kinematografis<br />
da kinos Sesaxeb da askvnis, rom es aRqmis ori sxvadasxva<br />
sistemaa.<br />
kinematografiuli aRqma aris ara praqtikuli,<br />
aramed esTetikuri aRqma, es ukanaskneli ki Tavidanve<br />
gaorebulia.<br />
qeTevan keleptriSvili<br />
mecnieri TanamSromeli<br />
kinoxelovnebis sakiTxebSi<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 17
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
18<br />
lado aRniaSvilis "xoro"<br />
lado aRniaSvils udidesi wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli musikis aRorZinebaSi.<br />
man saxelganTqmuli momRerlebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan<br />
Sekriba da 1886 wels pirveli qarTuli ansambli -"xoro" Camoayaliba. manve<br />
mimarTa winadadebiT imdroisaTvis cnobil Cex musikoss - ratils, raTa am<br />
ukansaknels gundis lotbaroba ekisra. ratili uyoymanod daTanxma da didi<br />
mowiwebiT mohkida xeli am sapatio saqmes.<br />
gundis dakompleqtebam da repertuaris damuSavebam erT wels gastana. sakoncerto<br />
programa sakmaod mravalferovani iyo da masSi Sedioda rCeuli<br />
qarTuli simRerebi. pirvelma koncertma, romelic 1886 wlis 15 ianvars<br />
Sedga, didi warmatebiT Caiara da Tavidanve qarTuli elitis yuradRebis<br />
centrSi moeqca. movlenas didi gamoxmaureba mohyva...<br />
samwuxarod, aRniaSvilis da ratilis erToblivma muSaobam gundSi didxans<br />
ver gastana. 1888 wlidan "xoros" jer meliton balanCivaZe, xolo mogvianebiT<br />
aleqsandre beriZe uwevdnen lotbarobas.<br />
rubrika moamzada<br />
marina goZiaSvilma<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
1886 weli. centrSi sxedan marcxnidan marjvniv ioseb ratili da lado aRniaSvili<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
19
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis<br />
saxelmwifo muzeumSi, saafiSo fondis sacavSi, danarCen sxva<br />
mraval eqsponatTan erTad, Taroze ganTavsebulia erTi afi-<br />
Sa, romelic gulgrils ar tovebs mnaxvels. is, erTxel ukve<br />
gamofenili cisfer galereaSi 2002 wels mowyobili gamofenisas,<br />
romelic muzeumma Tavisi arsebobis 75 wlis iubiles miuZRvna,<br />
mouyva damTvalierebels SoTa rusTavelis ukvdavi poemis<br />
franguli voiaJis Sesaxeb. es aris 1946 wels, monte-karloSi,<br />
franguli sabaleto dasis mier dadgmuli baletis "SoTa<br />
rusTaveli" frangul enaze Sesrulebuli afiSa, romelic<br />
maSinve miipyrobs Tqvens yuradRebas. afiSis Sinaarsi<br />
aseTia: 19 da 20 seqtembers, 20 saaTsa da 30 wuTze, nacionalur<br />
TetrSi gaimarTeba didi gala. gazeT<br />
"qarTuli saqmis" sasargeblod, monte- karlos<br />
sabaleto dasis mier warmodgenili iqneba<br />
nikolas evreinovis da serJ lifaris oTxaqtiani<br />
qarTuli qoreografiuli epopea<br />
"SoTa rusTaveli" poema "vefxistyaosnis"<br />
mixedviT, musika - b.b. onegeris,<br />
Cerepninisa da arsanis, farda,<br />
dekoracia da kostiumebi - princ<br />
aleqsandre ServaSiZisa da s. nepokoitCistkisa.<br />
monawileoben:<br />
olga adabaCi, Janin Carati, ivet<br />
Sovire, iuli algarovi, aleqsandre<br />
kaliuJni, vladimir skuratovi<br />
da sxv. msaxiobTa gvarebi CamoTvlilia<br />
anbanuri TanamimdevrobiT.<br />
orkestris xelmZRvaneli - anri<br />
tomasi. bileTebis Rirebuleba 100<br />
frankidan 1000 frankamde.<br />
2002 wels, cisfer galereaSi gamarTul<br />
gamofenas uamravi damTvalierebeli<br />
hyavda, maT Soris ucxoelebi,<br />
romlebic am afiSis mimarT did dainteresebas<br />
iCendnen.<br />
serJ lifari (sergei lifari),<br />
ukraineli mocekvave, qoreografi da<br />
baletmaisteri, 1920 wlidan sergei diagilevis<br />
"rusuli baletis" solisti<br />
iyo. 1923 wlidan lifari emigraciaSia,<br />
xdeba parizis "grand operis" solisti,<br />
xolo mogvianebiT iwyebs muSaobas qoreografad.<br />
didia misi Semoqmedebi-<br />
Ti memkvidreoba. mis mier dadgmuli<br />
baletebia: "dneprze", "ikarosi", "SoTa<br />
rusTaveli", "aleqsandre didi", "fedra"<br />
da sxv. man Seqmna 200-ze meti sabaleto<br />
dadgma. dawera 25-mde wigni<br />
cekvis Teoriis Sesaxeb. lifarma<br />
daaarsa parizis qoreografiisa da<br />
cekvis universitetebi. igi 1986 wels<br />
gardaicvala lozanSi da dakrZalulia<br />
parizSi, sen-Jeneviev de buas sasaflaoze.<br />
mis mier dadgmul baletSi, "SoTa<br />
rusTaveli", nestans ganasaxierebda<br />
"grand operis" wamyvani mocekvave<br />
- ivet Sovire. Sovire klasikuri<br />
cekvis franguli skolis TvalsaCino<br />
warmomadgenelia. mogvianebiT<br />
is xelmZRvanelobda "grand operis"<br />
sabaleto skolas.<br />
rac Seexeba qarTvel mxatvar-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
dekorators, aleqsandre ServaSiZes, is Tavisi<br />
xangrZlivi sicocxlis manZilze, saintereso<br />
SemoqmedebiT, pedagogiur da sazogadoebriv<br />
moRvaweobas eweoda. 1895 wels daamTavra moskovis<br />
ferweris, Zerwvisa da xuroTmoZRvrebis<br />
umaRlesi saswavlebeli. 1895-99 wlebSi profesiul<br />
zrdas parizSi ganagrZobda. 1906 wels<br />
parizSi rusi mxatvrebis namuSevrebis gamofenis<br />
mowyobis aqtiuri monawile iyo. me-20 saukunis<br />
dasawyisSi aleqsandre ServaSiZe erT-erT<br />
TvalsaCino scenografad iTvleboda ruseTSi.<br />
muSaobda peterburgis saimperatoro TeatrSi.<br />
igi moRvaweobda im drois gamoCenil rus da<br />
ucxoel ostatebTan erTad, rogorebic arian:<br />
a. benua, v, serovi, n. rerixi, p. pikaso, a. derenomi.<br />
misi Tanamedrove cnobili rusi reJisori<br />
da Teatris Teoretikosi, n. evreinovi werda:<br />
"Tavadi aleqsandre ServaSiZe gaxlavT aRmosavluri<br />
rainduli keTilSobilebis gansaxiereba,<br />
rac Cvens droSi did iSviaTobas warmoadgens.<br />
erT xans, aleqsandre ServaSiZe yirimSi cxovrobda<br />
Tavis megobarTan, poet da mxatvar<br />
maqsimilian voloSinTan. swored aq miiRo<br />
man miwveva, rusuli musikaluri da sabaleto<br />
xelovnebis evropaSi da amerikaSi didi propagandistis,<br />
sergei diagilevisagan emuSava scenografad<br />
"rusul baletSi". s. diagilevi maSin<br />
Tavis sabaleto dasTan erTad londonSi imyofeboda.<br />
ServaSiZem miwveva miiRo. mis Sesaxeb<br />
sazRvargareTul presaSi ibeWdeboda: "mTeli<br />
misi Tavmdabali bunebis miuxedavad, is "rusuli<br />
baletis" fasdaudebeli muSakia, radganac<br />
mis gareSe Tamami scenografiuli siaxleebi,<br />
riskenac ase miiswrafis diagilevi da rasac igi<br />
moiTxovs mxatvrebisagan, ver miaRwevdnen im<br />
dones, xarisxsa da srulyofilebas, romelsac<br />
miaRwies."<br />
Tavis droze, maRali Sefaseba miiRo Serva-<br />
SiZis mier Sesrulebulma e. evreinovis, J. kantelis,<br />
k.bisonis da sxvaTa portretebma. misi,<br />
rogorc kritikosis kalams, ekuTvnis statiebi<br />
pol sezanze, vinsent van gogze, aleqsandre benuaze.<br />
1906-17 wlebSi moRvaweobda peterburgSi.<br />
1918-20 wlebSi misi TaosnobiT soxumSi daarsda<br />
Teatraluri sazogadoeba da samxatvro studia,<br />
sadac is pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda. 1922-<br />
46 wlebSi ucxoeTSi gaaforma speqtaklebi: j.<br />
balanCinis "neptunis triumfi" londonSi, l. be-<br />
Thovenis "promeTe" parizSi, "SoTa rusTaveli"<br />
monte-karloSi da sxv.<br />
samSoblodan Sors myofi mxatvari,<br />
Tavis qveynis cxovrebiT da kulturuli<br />
miRwevebiT interesdeboda. 1958 wels<br />
aleqsandre ServaSiZem, materialuri<br />
siduxWiris miuxedavad, uari Tqva fuli<br />
aeRo Tavis namuSevrebSi da isini usasyidlod<br />
gamoagzavna samSobloSi. namuSevrebis<br />
ZiriTadi nawili mxatvarma<br />
gadasca saqarTvelos xelovnebis<br />
muzeums da soxumis suraTebis<br />
galereas. es namuSevrebi<br />
gaxlavT "qalis portreti",<br />
"mamakacis portreti", "soxumis<br />
xedi", "parizis erT-erTi<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
kuTxe" da sxv. misi namuSevrebi aseve daculia<br />
peterburgis Teatralur biblioTekaSi, moskovis<br />
baxruSinis saxelobis Teatris muzeumSi da<br />
kerZo koleqciebSi msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi.<br />
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da<br />
qoreografiis muzeumSi inaxeba peterburgSi<br />
moRvaweobis droindeli misi sami namuSevari.<br />
esenia: mezRvauris, monis da izoldas kostiumebis<br />
eskizebi, rihard vagneris "tristan da<br />
izoldadan". damdgmeli reJisoria vsevolod<br />
meierholdi. erTi maTgani, izoldas kostiumis<br />
eskizi, amJamad gamofenilia muzeumis mudmivmoqmed<br />
sagamofeno darbazSi. es eskizebi Sesrulebulia<br />
qaRaldze, fanqriT da akvareliT.<br />
eqsponatebis muzeumSi Semomtanis vinaoba cnobili<br />
ar aris. savaraudod isini SesaZlebelia<br />
kote marjaniSvilis arqivs mohyoloda. 1985<br />
wels TbilisSi moewyo aleqsandre ServaSiZis<br />
namuSevrebis pirveli personaluri gamofena.<br />
igi 1968 wlis 17 agvistos 101 wlis asakSi gardaicvala<br />
monte-karloSi. mxatvari dakrZales<br />
qalaq nicaSi. 1985 wels neSti gadmoasvenes sam-<br />
SobloSi da dakrZales soxumSi.<br />
qeTevan uznaZe<br />
saafiSo fondis mcveli<br />
erTi afiSis<br />
mokle istoria21
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
10 aprili, 1938 weli<br />
me ager ukve ocdarva - ocdacxra wlis kaci var.<br />
ojaxs karga xania movekide, bavSvi myavs. aT welze metia,<br />
rac xelovnebis dargSi Cabmuli var da yovelive<br />
amis Semdeg me vfiqrob, saWiroa mqondes erTi iseTi<br />
kuTxe, erTi iseTi wigni, sadac srulebiT gulaRTilad<br />
aRvniSnav im movlenebs, romlebmac Cems cxovrebasa<br />
da Cems muSaobas gansakuTrebuli daRi daasva. me<br />
vfiqrob da bolosadabolos asec aris, rom Tavisi<br />
cxovrebis miwurulSi anda misi sikvdilis Semdeg,<br />
rCeba Zalian mcire ram, riTac SeiZleba misi mogoneba.<br />
"es mcire ram" Seicavs Semdegs, jildo, recenziebi,<br />
suraTebi, dRiurebi an mogonebebi, romlebic<br />
rCebian da misi avtoris saxels acocxleben. es ra<br />
Tqma unda misi avtoris sididezec aris damokidebuli,<br />
magram rogori patarac ar unda iyos avtori<br />
da rogori uferulic ar unda iyos misi recenziebi,<br />
suraTebi Tu dRiurebi - is mainc did ganZs warmoadgens<br />
Tundac mxolod misTvis, visac misi naxviT an<br />
wakiTxviT Tvalwin efineba warsuli mwuxarebebi da<br />
wuTieri bednierebebi romlebic ase Zvirfasia misTvis.<br />
da ai amitom gadavwyvite me, rom damewyo es saqme,<br />
saqme Zalian mZime da Zalian Zneli. magram raki gadavwyvite<br />
de ese iyos.<br />
vinaidan Cemi muSaoba TeatrSi 1937 wlis agvistos<br />
20-Si, didi dasvenebis Semdeg iwyeba, amisTvis minda<br />
rom Cemi es dRiuri iwyebodes swored am droidan.<br />
me Sevecdebi gadmovitano am wignze dRemde is RirS-<br />
esaniSnavi ambebi (CemTvis) romlebic moxdnen da<br />
vinaidan es Zalian Zneli ambavia, amisaTvis Cven ase<br />
movifiqreT, me dReidan Seedgebi kalendarulad<br />
dRiurSi muSaobas da Tanac gzadagza Cavwer im ambebs<br />
romlebic moxda 20 agvistodan dRemde.<br />
1937 wlis 20 agvistomde momxdari Tavgadasavali<br />
es aris CemTvis yvelaze uZvirfasesi da dauviwyari<br />
dro, ase, rom me dResve vakeTeb meore rveuls sadac<br />
TandaTanobiT movigoneb Cems ymawvilobis xanas. mesame<br />
rveuli ki minda mqondes iseTi sadac Cavwer yovelive<br />
imas, rasac gavigoneb an wavikiTxav an kidev vnaxav<br />
- da moaxdens Cemze STabeWdilebas da iqneba miqceuli<br />
mxolod rolze. ganurCevlad imisa Tu, me esa Tu is<br />
roli momwons an miTamaSnia anda minda viTamaSo da<br />
mitom mWirdeba es masalebi, ara es ise, iyos Tavis Tavad.<br />
maS ase Cems dRiurs qvia "momavali". meore rveuls<br />
sadac Cems pirvel nabijebs aRvwer, erqmeva "warsuli"<br />
da mesamec sadac iqneba yvela rolis Sesaxeb, amas, Tu<br />
ginda, davarqvaT "unda Caviwero". me TviTon ar mesmis<br />
Tu ase es ratom davanawile da Tanac aseTi ucnauri<br />
saxelebi davarqvi, magram raki Caiwera amas xom veRar<br />
wavSli da de darCes ase, rogorc aris.<br />
19 aprili. 1938 weli<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
Teatris,musikis ,kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumis xelnawerTa da saarqivo masalaTa fondSi,<br />
sxva mraval korifeebTan erTad mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia sergo zaqariaZis arqivs. igi daaxloebiT oTxi<br />
aTeuli wlis win, msaxiobis meuRlem, meri qorelma gadmosca muzeums. masala 55 saqaRaldisagan Sedgeba (fondi I,<br />
saqme 115), magram aRsaniSnavia misive xeliT naweri dRiurebi 1939 - dan 1968 wlamde.<br />
gakruli xeliT naweri, magram amave dros gasagebi CanawerebiT, vigebT msaxiobis imJamindel mdgomareobas -<br />
sixaruls Tu tkivils, fiaskos Tu warmatebas.<br />
muzeumis Tanamsromlebma gadavwyviteT rubrika "memuari", romelic yovel nomerSi daibeWdeba, swored sergo<br />
zaqariaZis dRiurebiT gagvexsna, raTa farTo sazogadoebisTvis wargvedgina msaxiobis ucnobi mxare. vgonebT,<br />
statia metad saintereso iqneba ara marto xelovnebis moRvaweTaTvis, aramed mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis...<br />
22<br />
Tamar maisuraZe<br />
xelnawerTa da saarqivo masalaTa fondis mcveli<br />
sakamod momwifda CemSi is azri, rom Cemi uTeatrod<br />
darCena yovlad SeuZlebeli iyo. mere amas-<br />
Tan dakavSirebiT isec moxda, rom saxkinmrewvSi<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
Cemi muSaoba gaTavebuli iyo da perspeqtiva ki arsad<br />
sCanda. Cemi ukanaskneli suraTis damTavrebis Semdeg,<br />
Tanaxma direqciasTan dadebuli pirobisa, me<br />
gavemgzavre moskvSi dekemberSi 1936 wels, sadac me<br />
davyavi TiTqmis sami Tve da am xnis ganmavlobaSi vnaxe<br />
49 warmodgena, eqvsi simfoniuri koncerti da ramdenime<br />
leqciasac daveswari. damrCa erTi mTavari<br />
ambavi Cems mexsierebaSi, saxeldobr is rom, aqedan<br />
wasvlisas viyavi fizikurad energiiT saves da iqedan<br />
dabrunebisas ki iseTi daRlili iseTi dasevdianebuli<br />
da damwuxrebuli, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdeni<br />
sixaruli, ramdeni bednieri wuTebi, ganvicade<br />
da gamoviare. kargad maxsov, aqedan wasvlisas gzaSi<br />
ronodaSi CemTan erTad modioda kompozitori<br />
iona tuskia. mTeli is sami dRe naxevari, es iyo ganuwyveteli<br />
kamaTi, msjeloba, azrTa gacvla-gamocvla.<br />
cota gveZina, bevrs vlaparakobdiT da mezoblebs<br />
ar vasvenebdiT, Cven kidev SemogvierTda erTi rusi<br />
(vgoneb ebraeli) prokurori viSinskis romeliRac<br />
TanaSemwe - romelic xelovnebaSi sakmaod garkveuli<br />
adamiani iyo da ra Tqma unda isec ar CamogvrCa Cvens<br />
saerTo ferxulSi. iqedan ki Cems kupeSi iyo direqtori,<br />
inJineri, romeliRac didi warmoebisa romelic<br />
maincdamainc ver grZnobda Tavs kargad. da mec aseTi<br />
daRlili, xoda ise vimgzavreT es aseTi didi gza<br />
oriode sityva Tu uTxariT erTmaneTs. is iwva qveviT<br />
da raRacas TavisTvis fiqrobda. mec viweqi zeviT da<br />
es ormocdacxra warmodgena da amdeni sanaxaoba Tavisi<br />
STabeWdilebebiT ireoda erTmaneTSi da TiTqo<br />
yvela Tavis adgils eZebda. exla rom vukvirdebi,<br />
ram SemaZlebina damdenis atana da damatebiT kidev es<br />
Zvirfasi muzeibis STabeWdilebebi. magram es advili<br />
asaxsnelia: axalgazrda msaxiobi, amdeni xnis damSeuli<br />
da uecrad amdeni saWmeli, unda vTqva simarTle,<br />
davxarbdi, Zalian viRore, yvelaferi mindoda, Teatric,<br />
disputebic, leqciebic, muzeiebic da yovelgvari<br />
sanaxaobebic rogorc aTi-asi mSieri mgeli, ase<br />
me erTi aseTi mivadeqi am gemriel saWmels da gavZexi<br />
- ise, gavibere, rom moneleba Zalian gamiWirda, da<br />
ai amiT aixsneba is, rom me bunebiT, Zler mousvenars,<br />
mxiaruls energiuls damesva beWedi CemTvis aranor-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
maluri, SemboWa adamiani da sicocxlis wyurvili<br />
momiduna; o, es sam dRe naxevari! ai swore des gza iyo<br />
CemTvis yvelaze uebari wamali. es iyo romelmac momca<br />
saSvaleba cota odnavad damemSvidebina Cemi nervebi.<br />
swored nervebi, am mxriv xom Cem Tavs srulebiT<br />
ver vcnobdi, sastikad vnerviulobdi, sul ubralo<br />
rameze vyvirodi da vtirodi amodena Zia. ramdeni<br />
warmodgena, ramdeni msaxiobi, ramdeni adgili an<br />
gaformeba an tansacmeli an ramdeni ram, romelic<br />
Cems mexsierebaSi didxans darCeba da Cems cxovrebas<br />
Tavis daRs daasvams. am warmodgenebze da STabe-<br />
Wdilebebze kidev movigoneb da Cavwer. (mxolod<br />
erTi faqti unda aqve aRvniSno. Cem iq yofnis dros<br />
iyo saqarTvelos eTnografiuli gundebis da Tbil.<br />
sax. operis gastrolebi. sadac rogorc damdgmeli<br />
erT-erTi operisa rusTav. Teatr. reJ. SoTa asxabaZe<br />
iyo. maxsovs SevxvdiT S. asxabaZes gorkis quCis dasawyisSi.<br />
Cven viyaviT samni. SoTam danaxvisTanave mimar-<br />
Ta Cems amxanagebs: "kaco rogor Z l e b T<br />
aqa, me ager oTxi dRea aqa var d a<br />
"от скуки" ar vici Tavi sad<br />
waviRoo". Zalian gamikvirda<br />
da dResac CemTvis<br />
gaurkvevelia, re-<br />
Jisori aseTi Teatrisa<br />
romelic rva cxra<br />
weliwadia moskovSi<br />
ar yofila, exla Camovida<br />
da mowyenilobisagan<br />
ar icis sad wavides.<br />
es momagonebs<br />
Cvens xelovnebaSi<br />
erTs g. daviTaSvils,<br />
romelic<br />
arasodes arsad<br />
dadis, sadac Sei-<br />
Zleba adamianma<br />
sadme rame dainaxos.<br />
rusTavelis<br />
Teatri orjer iyo<br />
moskovSi da S. asxa-<br />
23
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
baZe orjerve TbilisSi ijda da aqedan adevnebda<br />
Tvalyurs Tu moskovSi ras akeTebda Teatri, sadac<br />
is muSaobs - sadac is iTvleba erT-erT wamyvan<br />
reJisorad). Cemi TbilisSi Camosvlidan zafxulamde<br />
TiTqmis araferi gamikeTebia. xo, mTavari<br />
risTvisac es ambavi moskovis Sesaxeb, rom movyevi,<br />
is iyo da is mindoda meTqva, rom swored Cemi<br />
wasvlis win moxda erTi faqti.<br />
rusTavelis Teatrs yavda Tavis studiaSi aWaridan<br />
wamoyvanili studielebi, romlebmac dahyves<br />
gansakuTrebuli dro da exla midioden baTomSi<br />
TavianTi Teatris Sesaqmnelad. Teatris xelmZ-<br />
Rvanelad rusTavelis Teatrma miiwvia reJ. arC.<br />
CxartiSvili. studiebis simciris gamo gadavwyvite<br />
ramodenime msaxiobis ayvana. swored am mizniT arC.<br />
CxartiSvilma Camikra sityva raTa wavsuliyaviT ba-<br />
TomSi samuSaod me da meri qoreli.me xumrobaSi<br />
gadavitane sakiTxi. mere da mere aman miiRo ufro<br />
seriozuli xasiaTi. maSin me kategoriuli vari<br />
uTxari. mere meri qorelis piriTac undodaT es<br />
saqme gamosuliyo, aqac saqmem ver moikida fexi, me<br />
moskovSi wavedi, moskovSi kidev miviRe werili<br />
m. qorelisagan sadac mwerda, rom arC. CxartiSvilma<br />
mTxova, rom kidev mogwero amis Sesaxebo.<br />
magram me iqedanac vari SemouTvale da davZine,<br />
Tu undoda meri qorels, wasuliyo baTumSi, me<br />
araferi sawinaaRmdego ar meqneboda, ase mivwere,<br />
magram guilt ki isic ar mindoda, rom wasuliyo.<br />
ra Tqma unda isic marto ar wavida da es saqme ase<br />
gaTavda. me rodesac Camovdiodi da miuxedavad<br />
imisa, rom sayoveldRiuro cxovrebisaTvis ar<br />
mixdeboda fiqri, vinaidan binad da yovel mxrivad<br />
m. qorelTan vcxovrobdi da isinic ra Tqma<br />
unda amas arafriT ar magrZnobinebdnen, magram<br />
asset mdgomareobaSi Cemi yofa yovlad SeuZlebeli<br />
iyo. es yvelaferi mawuxebda, maRelvebda,<br />
xSirad bavSur ambebsac Cavdiodi. xSirad sadilobisas<br />
saxlSi ar movidodi an diliT arafers<br />
ar vWamdi. erTxel erTi aTi dRe Tu ori kvira<br />
sul sxva oTaxSi vcxovrobdi da saxlSi mxolod<br />
iseT dros Tu movidodi, rodesac mnaxvelebi<br />
dadian xolme. es yovelive yvelas anerviulebda<br />
da am sakiTxze araerTxel waukiTxavT nataciebi.<br />
magram ver gadavlaxe es ukudo Tavmoyvareoba da<br />
aseTi mdgomareoba grZeldeboda. sxva gza aRar<br />
iyo, rame unda gvefiqra. iyo ori arCevani, erTi<br />
es winadadeba, d. ZnelaZisagan qarT. mus. TeatrSi<br />
da meore baTomSi. Zalian didis gulis tkiviliT<br />
gadavwyviteT TiTqmis baTomSi wasvla, magram sanam<br />
Tanxmobas mivcemdiT, jer vTxove meri qorels<br />
miewera werili misi disaTvis medea qorelisaTvis<br />
(Cxart. coli) da gaecno, Cveni TiTqmis Tanxmoba.<br />
asec moiqca, gagzavna werili da ramodenime<br />
dRis Semdeg miviReT diplomatiuri vari. erTi<br />
mxriT es iyo Zalian mtkivneuli ambavi, vinaidan<br />
Cemi Tavi aravisTvis SemiTavazebia da meore is<br />
rom me ase megona Tu sadme movisurvebdi muSaobas,<br />
iq mimiRebden kidevac. es aseTi azri ki imitom<br />
mqonda, rom gacilebiT ufro didi Teatrebi<br />
da ufro didi adamianebi maZlevden winadadebas<br />
muSaobaze, magram yovelTvis vari iyo Cemis<br />
mxridan, es SemiZlia Tavisuflad davwero. erTi<br />
sityviT vari miviReT. Tumca unda isic aRvniSnoT<br />
Cems Sesaxeb im werilSi araferi ewera. iyo mxolod<br />
did disadmi minaweri werili, sadac eubneboda:<br />
"rom movaxdino gavlena da serioJa da-<br />
24<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
viTanxmo rogor da ra pirobebSi SeiZleba Cveni<br />
wamosvlao", magram faqti is iyo rom baTumi aRar<br />
iyo. es ambavi, rogorc didi lodi rom geqneba<br />
gulze da gaganTavisufleben, swored ise iyo<br />
CemTvis, imitom rom Cemi baTumSi wasvla es iyo<br />
sikvdili yovel mxriv. erTi sityviT cotaTi amovisunTqe.<br />
am dros goskinpromma gamomiZaxa da<br />
gamicxada Tqven SecdomiT gagaTavisufles da isev<br />
CvenTan iricxebiTo. me saSinlad gavocdi, radgan<br />
am dawesebulebisagan kargi damokidebuleba ar<br />
maxsovs da miT ufro mis tqenikur direqtorisagan<br />
(es iyo e. xaCiZe). me maSinve mivxvdi aq ZaRlis<br />
Tavi sxvaSi aris damarxuliTqo. mere SevekiTxe:<br />
"ki magram jamagiri ratom SemiwyvitesTqo","exlave<br />
gamogiweraveno". da marTlac maSinve gamomiweres<br />
Cemi gansxvaveba. exla xo sul amovisunTqe da es<br />
arisTqo. magram saqme raSi yofila, rogorc mere<br />
gavige. maSin fabrikaSi axalgazrda reJisorebi<br />
sdgamden mciremetraJian suraTs xevsureTis cxovrebidan<br />
da reJisors mouTxovivar me. amx.<br />
xaCiZem icoda, rom me pirobebs rigians moviTxovdi<br />
da ise ubralod ar davTanxmdebodi da mimarTa<br />
iseT xerxs, rom me aRmadgina, momca gansxvaveba<br />
da Zvel pirobebze damtova oficialurad.<br />
me amaze moviyrue radgan, rodesac axal rolze<br />
damniSnavdnen me axal pirobebs wavayenebdi, magram<br />
orives kovzi nacarSi Cagvivarda; suraTi<br />
moxsnes da dRidan Cemi aRdgenisa, mesame dRes me<br />
angariSi gamiswores. me miviRe erTi Tvis Svebuleba,<br />
ori kviris likveracioni da vinaidan maSinve<br />
fuli ar hqondaT Cemi angariSis gasworeba gagr-<br />
Zelda da erTi sityviT, me xelze miviRe ori aTasi<br />
maneTi. Tan zafxulis cxeli dReebi dgeboda,<br />
TbilisSi ukve gaCereba SeuZlebeli iyo, es fuli<br />
aviRe, goskinproms da xaCiZes gunebaSi madloba<br />
gadauxade. movkide Cem col-Svils xeli da kaxeTis<br />
erT sofelSi "maaCxaanSi" unda wameyvana. ukve<br />
bargi Sekrebili, bileTi nayidi, xval dilis cra<br />
saaTze mivdivarT kaxeTSi. wina saRamoTi CvenTan<br />
movidnen arC. CxartiSvili da medea qoreli da<br />
sTxoves meris kaxeTis nacvlad wasuliyvnen waRverSi,<br />
sadac medeas qonda ukve oTaxi naqiravebi,<br />
da vinaidan arC. CxartiSvils aRar SeeZlo sxvadasxva<br />
mizezebis gamo waRverSi wasvla da medeas<br />
ki marto gauWirdeboda cxovreba da saerTod ar<br />
SeeZlo, amitom movidnen CvenTan da gvTxoves kaxeTis<br />
nacvlad waRverSi wavsuliyaviT. mcire xniT<br />
rasakvirvelia. vinaidan am goskinpromis damxmare<br />
fulis meti araferi mebada da momavali gza<br />
saZebneli mqonda, rogorc ki gvTxoves waRveris<br />
Sesaxeb, maSinve TavSi damkra da sulSi fexis koWebamde<br />
gaiara. amis mizezi is iyo rom waRverSi<br />
samuSaod midioda marjaniSvilis Teatri da iq<br />
SeiZleba Cven erTmaneTs SevxvedrodiT da es im<br />
wuTSive, rogorc axsenes waRveri, es yovelive<br />
erTbaSad mogrovda TavSi, Cemi Casvla, Teatris<br />
Casvla, Cveni Sexvedra da Cemi muSaobis dawyeba,<br />
es yovelive erTad gaCnden TavSi, datrialden<br />
dalagden, ise, TiTqos aq araferi yofilao. da<br />
es moxda Tvalis daxamxamebaSi. me araferi ar<br />
miTqvams, mxolod wamomawiTla, Semdeg gadamiara<br />
da civma oflma Sublze damasxa. es moxda yvelasaTvis<br />
SeumCnevlad, vinaidan vin ra icoda Tu<br />
exla serioJas gulSi ra ubedureba trialebda.<br />
me, ra Tqma unda, araferi miTqvams da saerTod<br />
Cemi azri amis Sesaxeb ar gamomiTqvams, mxolod<br />
uxerxulad Camecina CemTvis. me vgrZnobdi is rac<br />
am wuTSi gavifiqre es ase namdvilad moxdeboda.<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
amas TiTqos vxedavdi, TiTqos es udao iyo da<br />
TiTqos es ase aucileblad moxdeboda, Tu Cven<br />
waRverSi wavidodiT da es ase moxdeboda. ar<br />
vicodi, ver gamomerkvia es CemTvis gasaxareli<br />
iqneboda Tu Zalian mZime. ra Tqma unda, es orive<br />
elementi aq moiyriden Tavs, mxolod romeli<br />
daZlevda es CemTvis gamocanaa. ai swored albaT<br />
amaze Camecina weRan ase uxerxulad da mTeli Cemi<br />
bediRblis gadawyveta Cems cols (meri) dauTme. es<br />
ise moxda, yuTidan rom TuTiyuSi amoiRebs bedis<br />
qaRalds da asec moxda. Cven kaxeTis nacvlad waRverSi<br />
wavediT, isinic Camovidnen, Cvenc erTmaneTs<br />
SevxvdiT da mec muSaoba daviwye.<br />
14 maisi, 1938 weli<br />
es ki ase moxda. rodesac miviRe ase gadawyvetileba<br />
da saqme win wavwie. es ixo daaxlovebiT<br />
ivlisis bolo ricxvi Tu agvistos dasawyisi - aRar<br />
maxsovs. diliT, rodesac avdeqi, ver viyavi raRac<br />
karg xasiaTze. esec ar maxsovs ratom, mxoloT is<br />
ki maxsovs sadilis Semdeg rodesac tyeSi mivediT<br />
dasasveneblad. am usaqmobis dros mivyev movyeviT,<br />
Zveli, axali da am moyola, kiTxva pasuxSi ki waviCxubeT<br />
me da Cema colis dam m.q. es ukmayofileba<br />
iseTi gamovida da iseTi mwvave saxe miiRo me ukve<br />
gadavwyvite TbilisSi wasvla. am ambavma raTqma<br />
unda yvelaze cudad imoqmeda da uxerxuli mdgomareoba<br />
Camovarda. im saRamos raRac mizeziT<br />
ar wavsulvar TbilisSi da meore dRes rodesac<br />
avdeqi, vinaidan aseTi arasasiamovno mdgomareobis<br />
gamo, adgomisTanave tyeSi wavedi da iq viiyavi<br />
wamowolili, viweqi CemTvis, vfiqrobdi, Zvelic<br />
gamaxsenda axalic Cemi axlandeli umwevo, uperspeqtivo<br />
momavali, coli, Svili ojaxi, Tavmoyvareoba,<br />
bevri vifiqre, bevri da iseT cud xasiaTze<br />
davdeqi rom... erTi sityviT Zalian Sevwuxdi, Cemi<br />
Tavi raRac sacodavi momeCvena, uimedo. am dros<br />
swored gamielva TavSi marjaniSvilis Teatrma.<br />
TiTqo mrma Rori rkos miadgao – ise iyo, Cemma<br />
aseTma mdgomareobam marjaniSvilis TeatrSi naxa<br />
gamosavali. rom me maSin ar vyofiliyavi im Cxubis<br />
Semdeg ise cud xasiaTze albad maSin ver dav-<br />
Zlevdi Cems ara saWiro Tavmoyvareobas, magram<br />
naTqvamia "zogi Wiri margebeliao" da mec uecraT<br />
gadavwyvite TeatrSi dabruneba, raTac ar unda<br />
damjdomoda. gadawyvetileba mtkice iyo, mxolod<br />
exla saWiro iyo xerxi, vinaidan me windawin vicodi,<br />
rom aq brZola moxdeboda. CemTvis naTeli<br />
iyo aseTi mdgomareoba da situvaciebi: prveli isa<br />
rom me xels miwyobda xels is rom TiTqmis dasis<br />
umetes nawils Cemi TeatrSi dabruneba undodaT.<br />
es iyo, anjafariZe, gomelauri, m. qusitaSvili,<br />
gociriZe, CerqeziSvili, wuwunava, sibela, WeliZe,<br />
gamrekeli, donauri, Juruli, goZiaSvili, axalgazrdoba,<br />
studielebi. meore, isa rom dodo<br />
anTaZes undodi imisaTvis rom gamoveyenebine ise-<br />
Ti xalxisaTvis, romlebic awuxebdnen. CemiT imaT<br />
aSinebda da TviTon amiT isvenebda.<br />
mesame isa rom, TeatrSi da saerToT marjaniSvilis<br />
msaxiobebi mTliden ase Tu ise niWier axalgazdaT,<br />
romelsac SeiZleba rame gaekeTebina<br />
da erTi sityviT sasargeblo yofiliyo. meoTxe<br />
isa rom maSin TeatrSi iyo isev dodo anTaZis winaaRmdeg<br />
didi ambebi da isini, romlebic mis winaaRmdegi<br />
iyvnen, raTqma undodaT Cemi mosvla,<br />
vinaidan CemiT isini kidev imatebden erT dauZinebel<br />
mters dodo anTaZis mimarT. ai es ambebi<br />
iyo Cems mxareze. exla ra miSlida: pirveli<br />
dodo anTaZe, mainc SiSi hqonda, "vai Tu moviyvano<br />
TeatrSi da mere esec imaT miemxroso". es SiSi ra<br />
Tqma unda masSi unda yofiliyo miT ufro rom me<br />
is miyurebda rogorc mtkice nebisyofis adamians.<br />
meore. is rom kategoriuli winaaRmdegi iyo Cemi<br />
dabrunebisa S. RambaSiZe. amas Cems winaaRmdeg<br />
hqonda mravali motivebi, pirveli isa rom me mas-<br />
Tan ukmayofileba mqonda (ojaxuri). meore kidev<br />
Teatris sakiTxebze viyaviT wakidebuli, 6 weli<br />
xmas erTmaneTs aRar vcemdiT. icoda, rom me var<br />
udieri daundobeli magari axalgazrda, mtkice<br />
Cems Sexedulebebze da isic kargad icoda, Tu ra<br />
Sexedulebis viyavi maTze. amasTanve aqve unda vTqva<br />
erTi seni romelic TiTqmis yvela msaxiobebs aqvs<br />
es SiSi. SiSi es moqiSpeobis Sesaxeb. da asedac aris,<br />
rom "bewvi dineT eCveneba" kacs da eSinia, miT<br />
ufro, rom Cems msaxiobobas saerTod ar aginebden,<br />
Tumca saimiso araferi viyavi. erTi sityviT<br />
es Cemi Sexedulebaa aseTi Torem SeiZleba aseTi<br />
araferi ar iyo. magram, erTi iyo udao, rom Cemi<br />
sakiTxis gadawyvetis ukanaskneli wertilamde,<br />
ibrZoda, rom ar miveReT, xoda e ski iyo CemTvis<br />
didi (atboi) romelsac SeiZleba saqme gaefuWebina.<br />
kidev miSlida xels is rom TeatrSi iyvnen<br />
iseTebi, romlebic muSaobden da vityvi imasac<br />
rom ikavebden iseT adgils da mdgomareobas,<br />
romlis ufleba TiTqmis ufleba ar qondaT. Cemi<br />
mosvliT am uflebebSi eziareboda da iyofda am<br />
mdgomareobas msaxiobi, romelic yovel SemTxvevaSi<br />
ar idga imaTze nakleb. e ski ra Tqma unda ar<br />
iqneboda sasurveli. exla kidev iyvnen iseTebic<br />
romlebic aseT metoqeobas gauwevdi ara profesiaze<br />
(msaxiobobaze) aramed, sayofa cxovrebis<br />
dros, erTi sityviT modioda ara is cxvari,<br />
romelic jogs miyoba aramed, SeiZleba TviTon<br />
yofiliyo yoCi - es is iyo romelsac verc ZaliT<br />
daaSinebdi da verc SaqriT Tavs mouqonavdi da<br />
moatyuebdi. yovel SemTxvevaSi modioda is rac<br />
gvinda. merme me iseTi marka mqonda mokruli<br />
rogorc jiniani, yailis amtexi, udieri, Груби da<br />
kidev bevri ram. ai es iyo sul romelic unda dawyobiliyo<br />
sasworze aqeT iqiT da romelic da-<br />
Zlevda, saqmec ise gadawydeboda. ai es iyo is suraTebi<br />
romlebic erTmaneTs scvliden,<br />
maxarebden, xan mawuxebdnen tyeSi rom viyavi wamowolili.<br />
magram vinaidan gadavwyvite, rom TeatrSi<br />
unda davbrunebuliyavi exla ukve daviwye<br />
gzis amorCeva, Tu romeli gza ajobebda. da es ase<br />
gadavwyvite, damewera gancxadeba Teatris direqciis<br />
saxelze, rom me vTxov raTa mimiRon maT TeatrSi<br />
da es gancxadeba gametanebina m.q.-Tvis Salva<br />
RanbaSiZisaTvis gadasacemad. es mindoda rom es<br />
yofiliyo через Salva RanbaSiZe. amiT SeiZleba<br />
mouspo brZolis unari RambaSiZes, vinaidan TviT<br />
imas mivmarTavdi saSvelad. es gamodioda Cemis<br />
mxriv ase, rom raki gadavwyvite TeatrSi dabruneba,<br />
vis unda mivmarTo dasaxmareblad TeatrSi Tu<br />
ara mas. vaRiareb es iyo namdvili politika Cemis<br />
mxriv. mere Tu es sakiTxi aq dadebiTaT ar gadawydeboda<br />
da Teatri uars SemomiTvlida, maSin<br />
gadawyvetili mqonda rom pirdapir l.p. beriasTan<br />
wavsuliyavi da samarTali meZebna. asec moviqeci,<br />
gancxadeba davwere da m. qorels gavatane da<br />
Tanac davavale raTa sityvierad kidev eTqva rom<br />
es saqme gaekeTebina. werili waiRo, magram is sax-<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009 25
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
26<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
lSi ar yofiliyo da colisaTvis daetovebina.<br />
im wuTSive mec gamovedi saxlidan vinaidan ver<br />
visvenebdi. Cems saxlTan, sxva msaxiobebis binebTan<br />
yvelaze axlos iyo el. CerqeziSvilis bina sadac<br />
qveda sarTulSi cxovrobda msax. Saq. gomelauri<br />
romelTanac ,e karg ganwyobilebaSi viyavi da isic<br />
Zalian swuxda rom me maT TeatrSi ar vmuSaobdi.<br />
ara erTxel hqonia mas CemTan saubari imis Sesaxeb,<br />
rom me TeatrSi davbrunebuliyavi. maTan misvlisas<br />
quCidan avZaxe. Saqro saxlSi damxvda, mxolod<br />
zeviTa sarTulSi iyo aivanze q-n elisabedTan. ra<br />
Tqma unda masac gaexarda Cemi misvla da maSinve<br />
mimiwvia TavisTan. Cemi misvlisTanave saubari gaimarTa<br />
Teatris garSemo. q-n elisabedma gamosTqva<br />
ukmayofileba, rom me TeatrSo ar vmuSaobdi. es<br />
saubari did xans gagrZelda da rodesac sakiTxi<br />
iyo gaSuqebuli yovel mxridan, maSin gamovtydi,<br />
rom exla gancxadeba gavgzavne Cemi TeatrSi dabrunebis<br />
Sesaxeb. maT, orives Zalian gaexardaT da<br />
momiwones kidec Cemi aseTi gabeduli da pirdapiri<br />
sakiTxi. ra Tqma unda oriveni aRelden da<br />
ar icoden saqmes riTi eSvelnaT. me cota xnis Semdeg<br />
wamovedi isev saxlSi da Saqro ki gaeSura ambis<br />
gasagebad. SevTanxmdiT, rom saRamos erTmaneTs<br />
SevxvdebodiT. saxlSi dabrunebisas m. ukve<br />
damxvda da miTxra rom Salva ar iyo saxlSi-o da<br />
miTxra cols dautoveo. me ramdenjerme gamovkiTxe<br />
Tu ra sTqva, an rogor miiRo, an rogor<br />
Tqva da erTi sityviT ambavi iyo Zalian martivi da<br />
patara da Cems moTxovnilebis wyurvils ver akmayofilebda.<br />
erTi sityviT miTxra, rom isic<br />
Zalian SeSfoTdao vinaidan aseT pirdapir<br />
sakiTxis dayenebas ar moelodao. sul es iyo rac<br />
im dRes me gavige am saqmis Sesaxeb, vinaidan saRamos<br />
Saqrom miTxra ver Sevxvdi dodos sakiTxavado.<br />
meore dRes gavige Saqrosagan, rom dodom<br />
miTxra araviTari gancxadeba aravis ar moutaniao.<br />
CemTvis iyo udao, rom gancxadebis miRebis ambavi<br />
inaxeboda saidumlod, mxoloT, visgan e ski<br />
ar vicodi. amitom mivmarTe aseT xerxs, rom me<br />
TviTon vuTxari vinc Semxvda da kidev amaSi momexmara<br />
Saqro, vinaidan es axali ambavi iyo, vinaidan<br />
es axali ambavi iyo, amisaTvis mizans miaxwia d aim<br />
dResve icoda mTelma Teatrma ase rom dRis bolos<br />
ukve TviT anTaZem uTxra Saqros, rom marTalia,<br />
Turme gancxadeba gamougzavniao. im dResve<br />
da meres aqac Seiqna laparaki da TiTqmis dasis umravlesoba<br />
iyo imis momxre, rom me TeatrSi miveReT.<br />
amas kidev emateboda is rom TeatrSi iyo<br />
Seqvnili ramodenime jgufi da yoveli jgufi cdilobda<br />
Cems TeatrSi miRebas vinaidan maTvis es<br />
sasargeblo iyo. dodo anTaZis mowinaaRmdegeebs<br />
undodaT imitom, rom me mqonda Zveli angariSebi<br />
masTan da amasTanave Cemi saxiT imatebden<br />
wevrs, romelsac SeuZlia brZola. ra Tqma unda<br />
maTTvis es iyo xelsayreli, miT ufro, rom<br />
sakiTxi xelmZRvanelobasTan iyo gamwvavebuli.<br />
anTaZe da misi jgufi ki fiqrobda piriqiT. rom<br />
me, rogorc msaxiobi meqneboda gasayofi sxva Cems<br />
kolegebTan, romlebic mowinaaRmdege banakaT<br />
iTvleboda. kidev mTavari is iyo, rom msax. k. kobaxiZes<br />
mouvida didi uTanxmoeba d. anTaZesTan<br />
da sajaroT mas miayena Seuracxofa. kobaxiZes<br />
Tavi eWira Tavisuflad da Cemi misvla mas cota<br />
SeboWavda da misTvis ar iqneboda sasiamovno. mee<br />
mgonia es iyo misi mTavari mizezi imisa, ramac<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
sakiTxi gadawyvita dadebiTad. aqve unda vTqva ase-<br />
Ti ambavi. d. anTaZis azri Cems Sesaxeb rogorc<br />
"msaxiobis" usaTuod dadebiTi iyo. is fiqrobda<br />
rom me viyavi iseTi Zala, romlis gamoyenebac TeatrSi<br />
SeiZleboda; da ra Tqma unda mas, rogorc<br />
xelmZRvanels da reJisors, ra Tqma unda isurvebda,<br />
rom me TeatrSi memuSavna. exla ki rodesac<br />
lukma pirSi TviTonve vardeboda, rodesac<br />
srulebiT uSromlad da yoveli pretenziis gareSe<br />
SeeZlo miveRe, ra Tqma unda es misTvis xelsayreli<br />
iyo. amas kidev emateboda Zveli ganvlili<br />
praqtika, rom yvela wasulni Teatridan,<br />
rodesac brundebodnen miuxedavad imisa misi<br />
mtrebi iyvnen, Semdeg moyvrebi xdebodnen. mag.<br />
kvantaliani, kostava, anjafariZe da sxvebi. ase rom<br />
aqac ra Tqma unda mosagebi mdgomareoba iyo merme<br />
isic, rom ukve marto viyavi da aravisTan ar Seme-<br />
Zlo gamomenaxa saerTo ena. d. anTaZis politika<br />
yovelTvis iyo dayrdnobili rom xalxi erTmaneTze<br />
gadaekida, wyali aenRvria da aseT mdgomareobaSi<br />
SenarCunebina. xan erTs gadausobda<br />
Tavze xels, xan meores da ase, tkbili sityviT,<br />
qTamiT, roliT, mdgomareobiT, dapatiJebiT,<br />
Tavis Tavs inarCunebda. es iyo erTad erTi saydgomi,<br />
riTac mas SeeZlo Tavi TeatrSi SeenarCunebina,<br />
vinaidan sxva araferi gaaCnda iseTi, riTac<br />
mas SeZleboda postis patroni yofiliyo. meore<br />
Tu mesame dRes sareJisoro kolegiis sxdoma iyo<br />
sadac daisva sakiTxi Cemi miRebis Sesaxeb. kolegiaSi<br />
Sediodnen anTaZe, qestiaSvili, Juruli,<br />
RambaSiZe, mravlaZe (mdivani) da mgoni erTi ori<br />
msaxiobi. dawvrilebiT ar vici magram merme gavige,<br />
rom yvela yofiliyo Cemi miRebis momxre, mxolod<br />
S. RambaSiZe wasuliyo winaaRmdegi. ase<br />
eTqva, rom is Cven yvelas gvaginebs, yvela arafrad<br />
miaCnia, Cveni dadgmebi ar moswons da misi miReba<br />
ar SeiZlebao. amaze qestiaSvils uTqvams: "es Tqven<br />
piradad giTxraTo?" "ara, CemTvis ar uTqvams, magram<br />
sxvebma momitanes ambavio". aba Tu sxvebma mogitanes<br />
es ar SeiZleba sabuTi iyoso da mase sxvebi<br />
mec meubnebian iseT rames, romelic amaze ufro<br />
seriozul saganzeao, magram yuradRebas ar vaqcev-<br />
To. Worebs Cven ar unda avyveTo da verc avyvebi-<br />
To.<br />
erTi sityviT sakiTxi gadawyda da erTis gamoklebiT<br />
Cemi Teatris miRebis sakiTxi erTxmad<br />
iqna miRebuli. me da meri saxlidan bazarSi mivdiodiT<br />
rodesac sareJisoro kreba gaTavda,<br />
krebis xalxs iqve mdgomi msaxiobebi SeuerTda<br />
da yvelani quCaSi gamovidnen am dros Cvenc miuaxlovdiT.<br />
yvelani modioden da milocavden. mec,<br />
ra Tqma unda, gaxarebuli viyavi vinaidan cudad ar<br />
gaTavda es ambavi. saRamoTi p. kobaxiZem iqve sasadiloSi<br />
dampatiJa milocvis saxiT. CvenTan iyo g.<br />
SavguliZe, mravlaZe da kidev erTi viRac ar maxsovs.<br />
bevri farTe sityvebi iyo warmoTqmuli. bevri<br />
Cemi qeba, rogorc msaxiobis, bevri sixaruli iyo<br />
gadmofxvrili imis Sesaxeb, rom rogorc iqna<br />
da mec moverdi TeatrSi. maxsovs pieris sityvebi:<br />
"rom exla ufro saintereso xdeba muSaoba, erTmaneTTan<br />
xelovnebis WidilSi ise ki artistoba<br />
savaldebulo ki ar ariso zogi kavSiris Tavmjdomare<br />
iqneba zogi kancelariaSi imuSavebso", es<br />
ambavi v. gvinCiZes gadakra, maSin is iyo Teatris<br />
adgilkomis Tavmjdomare. iqedan gamovediT da<br />
gzaSi sarauli da S. jafariZe Semxden exla imaTma<br />
wamiyvanen da iqac iyo bevri Tqmuli. es sufra TandaTan<br />
gaizarda da did sufrad gadaiqca.<br />
27
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
28<br />
erTi saRamo da bevri sixaruli<br />
iyo saRamo... moulodneli zari... da didi sixaruli - me dampatiJes vaJa oTaraSvilis<br />
poeziis saRamoze.<br />
kargi simRera, suraTi, brZnuli azri da sityva - yoveldRiurad unda moisminos adamianma.<br />
dRevandeloba moklebulia amgvar siamovnebas. Rarib sinamdvileSi ver moipova sulis<br />
sazrdo. wlebis win dagvizamTrda... didxans gagrZelda sicive, magram zamTars aucileblad<br />
moyveba gazafxuli da gaaTbobs irgvliv yvelafers. mSieri TvalebiT da yurebiT vcdilob<br />
mivuaxlovde yvelafer kargs, sainteresos, sasiamovnos. vinc eZebs - poulobs kidec. dRevandeli<br />
saRamo Zalian msuye lukma iyo CemTvis. amgvari siamovneba pirvel mercxlebs magonebs,<br />
romlebic susxiani Tveebis Semdeg gamoCndebian xolme da gazafxulis moaxloebas gvamcnoben.<br />
xSirad kargaven dros adamianebi usargeblo ambebis kiTxvaSi, smenasa Tu cqeraSi. axla<br />
vxvdebi, mxolod is unda naxo da moismino, rac aRtacebis Rirsia. sixaruli ver davmale. azrma<br />
fexi aidga da imdeni iwriala gonebaSi, rom maiZula gareT gamomeyvana. minda mokrZalebuli<br />
madloba vuTxra baton vaJas im sixarulisaTvis, rac momaniWa am saRamom da wakiTxulma<br />
leqsebma, xalxurma melodiebma da iq Sekrebilma monatrebulma sazogadoebam.<br />
poeziis saRamo 17 Tebervals gaimarTa "art kafeSi". didi moTminebiT velodi am dRes.<br />
poezia CemTvis qsovilia, romlisganac sixaruli iqsoveba. rogori sasiamovnoa, rodesac<br />
poeti TviTon gacnobs Tavis Semoqmedebas. vcdilob ar gamovtovo amgvari saRamoebi. pirvelad<br />
mxvda wilad aseTi bedniereba, rom yovelgvari zrunvisa da mcdelobis gareSe aRmovCeniliyavi<br />
iseT garemoSi, sadac Tavi moeyaraT sityvis didostatebs da saukeTeso SemoqmedebiT<br />
Zalebs.<br />
mcire zomis darbazi. odnav SemaRlebuli scena. lurj da Rvinisfer fonze TeTri roiali,<br />
TeTri savarZeli. marjvena mxares vaJTa ansambli - "kelaptari", xolo marcxniv batoni<br />
vaJa, aseve Rvinisfer pijakSi gamowyobili. gareT qaosia... daZabuli politikuri viTareba,<br />
daWimuli ZarRvebi da daglejili nervebi. iSviaTad ismis tkbili sityvebi: sixaruli, pativiscema,<br />
miteveba... iseTi STabeWdileba mrCeba, TiTqos adamianebs aRar esmiT erTmaneTis, yvela<br />
Tavis naWuWSi Caketila da sakuTar Tavs elaparakeba. ar cdiloben erTmaneTTan dakavSirebas.<br />
iqneb vcdebi meCveneba es yvelaferi? rogor minda, marTla vcdebode. amgvari yofidan<br />
Sevedi darbazSi. saRamo dawyebuliyo da batoni vaJa leqss kiTxulobda. mis ZarRvian, mkafio<br />
metyvelebas qarTuli miwis surneli asdioda. yvela saWiro sityva naTqvami iyo saWiro<br />
adgilze. sityvis abgerebis niadagze Sobili ritmi ganuyofeli iyo xalxur melodiebTan.<br />
scenaze arsebulma orsaxovnebam msmeneli daamSvida, darbazi siTboTi da sixaruliT ga-<br />
JRinTa. vdgavar me; Cems win bevri metyveli zurgi; vdgavar da vgrZnob, rom sulSi gadmodis<br />
yvelaferi da yvelaferia suli. leqsi - mZime Sromaa, didi fiqris nayofi. pirovneba xasiaTdeba<br />
ara marto imiT, Tu ras akeTeb, aramed imiTac, Tu rogor akeTebs?! batoni vaJas Semoqmedeba<br />
baraqiani da madliania. mkiTxvelisa da msmenelis valia daafasos Semoqmedis gulidan<br />
wamosuli gancdebi, pativi sces mis Sromis nayofs...<br />
SemoqmedebiTi saRamos bolos bevrma mweralma da Semoqmedma gamoxata Tavisi azri.<br />
gaixsenes ilia, akaki, vaJa... mravali Tbili sityva axmaurda didi mwerlebis xsovnis irgvliv.<br />
frTiani sityvebi gund-gundad dafrinavdnen da gonebas ealersebodnen. vfiqrob, aseTi<br />
saRamoebi unda imarTebodes ara mxolod romelime Caketili wrisaTvis, an ganaTlebuli<br />
adamianebis erTi jgufisaTvis, aramed mTeli erisaTvis.<br />
adamianebi rom adamianurad vcxovrobT da Cvenze raRac mogonebas vtovebT, amas qaRalds<br />
unda vumadlodeT. ar SeiZleba ukvalod gaqres dRevandeli saRamo. iyo da ara iyo ra? ara!<br />
iyo saRamo, bevri kargi adamiani da Zalian bevri sixaruli. amitom gadavwyvite furcels<br />
gavando Cemi emociebi da gancdebi. is mouyveba momaval Taobebs Cveni survilebis, miswrafebebisa<br />
da dRevandeli saqmianobis Sesaxeb. albaT didi siamovneba iqneba, rodesac mravali wlis<br />
Semdeg Tvals gadaavleb am Canawers, isev gagaxsendeba bevri sixaruli da ageSleba grZnobebi.<br />
mTeli siswrafiT miemarTeba win dro. Taobas Taoba moyveba. adamianebi toveben dedamiwas.<br />
naweri ki rCeba da saukuneebs uZlebs. drom moagrova, erTad akinZa mravali sasargeblo da<br />
Zvirfasi furceli. Cven movaleni varT gavSaloT da vikiTxoT.<br />
adamianebs esaWiroebaT bedniereba, yvelas aqvs amis ufleba. aseTi saRamoebi bednierebaa<br />
CvenTvis. imeds ar vkargav, rom isev vixilav erTad Sekrebil monatrebul sazogadoebas.<br />
ibsens uTqvams: "yvelgan, sadac ki sicocxlea, imedic aris". vigrZeni, rogor daqroda sicocxlis<br />
qariSxali darbazSi, rogor aSala azrebi da dafanta scenaze. aucileblad kidev iqneba<br />
mravali saRamo... moulodneli zari... da didi sixaruli...<br />
lali xositaSvili<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
qarTveli Teatris mxatvari. daibada qalaq quTaisSi,<br />
iqve swavlobda realur saswavlebelSi da paralelurad<br />
mecadineobda saswavlebelTan arsebul mcire<br />
saxelosno-studiaSi. 1927 wels swavla ganagrZo<br />
Tbilisis samxatvro akademiaSi. pirveli speqtakli,<br />
romelic man gaaforma, iyo anatoli lunaCarskis<br />
"cecxlis gamCaReblebi". Semdeg kote marjaniSvilma igi<br />
quTaisis qarTul dramatul TeatrSi miiwvia, sadac<br />
gaaforma Salva dadianis "kakal gulSi" da karl guckovis<br />
"uriel akosta". jer kidev sruliad axalgazrda<br />
mxatvarma Tavisi niWisa da mxatvruli xedvis wyalobiT<br />
Seqmna SesaniSnavi eskizebi. mis namuSevrebSi gamoCnda<br />
mxatvris daxvewili gemovneba, koloritis faqizi<br />
grZnoba da poeturoba. speqtaklebi: Seqspiris "otelo",<br />
pogodinis "foladis poema" da a.S. gamoirCeva mxatvris<br />
mier sivrcis aRqmis utyuari alRoTi da avtoris<br />
unariT Rrmad Cawvdes nawarmoebis Sinagan arss.<br />
1931 wels kote marjaniSvilma moskovis korSis<br />
TeatrSi dadga henrik ibsenis "mSenebeli solnesi".<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
speqtaklis gasaformeblad reJisorma petre ocxeli<br />
miiwvia. mxatvars udidesi warmateba xvda wilad. igi<br />
darCa moskovSi da warmatebiT imuSava mcire TeatrSi.<br />
1937 wels konstantine stanislavskim gadawyvita<br />
juzepe verdis "rigoletos" dadgma. gamocxadda<br />
konkursi speqtaklis gaformebaze, konkursSi ocxelis<br />
eskizebma pirveli premia daimsaxura.<br />
petre ocxelma mxolod 9 sezoni imuSava TeatrSi,<br />
magram am mokle droSi Seqmna nawarmoebebi, romelTac<br />
arsebiTi roli Seasrules qarTuli Teatris individualuri<br />
saxis SeqmnaSi.<br />
1939 wels londonSi gaimarTa Teatris mxatvarTa<br />
gamofena. ocxelis eskizebi am gamofenaze oqros<br />
didi medliT dajildovda, Tumca mxatvari amas ver<br />
moeswro - 1937 wels petre ocxeli gaxda stalinuri<br />
represiebis msxverpli. mas wauyenes braldeba: "moskovSi<br />
teroristuli organizaciis Camoyalibeba" da<br />
sikvdiliT dasajes.<br />
29
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
mairine Tbilels 25 oqombers 85 weli Seusruldeboda<br />
marine Tbileli qarTuli Teatris scenaze boSa qalis cekviT SemoWra, rusTavelis<br />
Teatris speqtaklSi "oleko dundiCi" dam as Semdeg eqvsi aTeuli wlis manZilze garegnuli<br />
mSvenierebiTa da aqtioruli niWiT dajildovebuli, momxibvleli qalbatoni qarTuli<br />
Teatrisa da kinos gamorCeuli kaSkaSa varskvlavi iyo. msaxiobis mier Seqmnili ier-saxeebi<br />
WeSmaritad aRafrTovanebda mayurebels.<br />
Cemi Taoba marine Tbilels SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis zenitSi gaecno. Zneli warmosadgenia<br />
msaxiobi genaxa naTela abaSvilis ("kavkasiuri carcis wre"), mileninas ("dasawyisi") anda<br />
iorkis mTavris meuRlis ("riCard mesame") rolebSi da samudamod ar CabeWdiliyo igi Sens<br />
mexsierebaSi. qalbatoni marine am droisaTvis ukve saqveynod <strong>popularuli</strong>, gamocdili da<br />
yvelasaTvis sayvareli msaxiobi gaxldaT. ukve Cavlili iyo rusTavelis Teatris pirveli<br />
periodi, soxumis Teatri, marjaniSvilis Teatris rolebiT daxunZluli sezonebi da kvlav<br />
rusTavelis Teatri. afiSebidan ukve gamqraliyo misi lizeta "sapatarZlo afiSidan", Tekla<br />
"krWanisis gmirebidan", ZiZia "xevisberi goCadan", qalbatoni kapuleti "romeo da julietadan",<br />
meria "revizoridan", ledi ana "riCard mesamedan", dona inesa "cocxali portretidan",<br />
darejani "kacia-adamianidan?!", ruqaia "Ralatidan", anuSi "Zia baRdasaridan", kekela "Zveli<br />
vodevilebidan"; mas ukve yvelgan scnobdnen - quCaSi, transportSi, sazogadoebis TavSeyris<br />
adgilebSi - igi uyvardaT, pativs scemdnen, rCevas ekiTxebodnen. misi kinogmirebi bubusia<br />
("abezara"), alias ("Tojinebi icinian"), fatima ("baSi-aCuki"), marTa ("qalis tvirTi"), ana ("Txunela")<br />
da sxva kidev ufro popularuls xdida maT SEeqmnil msaxiobs.<br />
samwuxarod marine Tbileli Cven gverdiT aRaraa... istoriam Semogvinaxa erTi araordinaluri<br />
interviu-anketa, sadac msaxiobi Tavad warmogvidgens Tavs:<br />
"dabadebis TariRi: 1920 wlis 25 oqtomberi<br />
dabadebis adgili: Telavi<br />
simaRle: 1 m. da 64 sm.<br />
wona: xanSi SEsvlisas 70 kg.<br />
Tvalebi: cisferi<br />
Tma: Ria wablisferi<br />
ojaxuri mdgomareoba: mTeli dRe vatareb cibrutiviT da ai, 30 welia me da Cemi Zvirfasi meuRle siamtkbilobiT<br />
vuqcevT erTmaneTs RranWs..."<br />
akaki dvaliSvili: "mosagonari marTlac rom bevria. arc ki vici, ra giamboT... sul Tavidan daviwyeb. marina<br />
maSin rusTavelis TeatrSi iyo. me, rogorc rigiTi mayurebeli (maSin ГПИ-is studenti viyavi) movxvdi speqtaklze<br />
"krwanisis gmirebi". rom Semovarda scenaze aRmosavlur kostiumSi gamowyobili es ulamazesi qali,<br />
mosveneba davkarge. mere roca bias qalis rolSi vnaxe, misi saocari plastikiT, ganumeorebeli RimiliTa da<br />
mSvenierebiT... erTi sityviT, movixible. mere TvalTaxedvidan damekarga, Turme soxumSi gadasula samuSaod...<br />
da ai gavida wlebi, me ukve reJisori var da marjaniSvilis TeatrSi veswrebi "romeo da julietas" RvTiuri<br />
silamazis medea jafariZis julietas gverdiT dgas ulamazesi qali, qalbatoni kapuletis rolSi da maSinve<br />
mivxvdi, rom es is Cemi Tekla batoniSvilia "krwanisis gmirebidan", romelic me Cems studentobaSi ase momxibla.<br />
mivxvdi imasac, rom am qalSi Seyvarebuli viyavi. male viqorwineT, mere SegveZina baia... sitkboebasa da<br />
urTierTpativicemaSi 40 welze meti gavatareT... marine saocrad amayi iyo. Rirsebis fasi icoda... me yovelTvis<br />
dakavebuli viyavi, vxumrob xolme, sul mudam socializmis xarCoebze videqi da qveyanas vaSenebdi meTqi,<br />
sad mecala saxlSi Semosaxedad, ojaxs mTlianad marine uZRveboda, me ki xumrobiT "Украшение нашего дома"-s<br />
meZaxda. imis miuxedavad, rom sakmaod daTvirTuli reJimiT cxovrobda, mudam karg gunebaze iyo. Cvens saxlSi<br />
yoveli dRe marines kiskisiTa da simReriT Tendeboda. misi TeatrTan ganSoreba mZime iyo. avadmyofobis<br />
Semdeg, roca SEsTavazes, Tqveni repertuari unda ganvaaxloTo, TviTon SeuTvala uari, me moraluri ufleba<br />
aRar maqvs, ganaxevrebuli energiiT rusTavelis Teatris scenaze gavideo... amas mohyva misi vaJis akaki vasaZis<br />
gardacvaleba. marine ukve mZimed avad iyo, TabeWdileba grCeboda, TiTqos bolomde ver acnobierebso mis<br />
Tavze datexil ubedurebas... Tumca nel-nela dailia da male sul Caqra. Zalian miWirs mis gareSe".<br />
"uaxloesi naTesavebi: vaJiSvili akaki vasaZe (mwerali, filologiur mecnierebaTa doqtori); qaliSvili barbare<br />
dvaliSvili - msaxiobi.<br />
30<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
mowodeba: Teatri (bavSvobidan)<br />
wodebebi: jer damsaxurebuli, Semdeg ki, saqarTvelos<br />
saxalxo artisti.<br />
romel qveyanaSi iyaviT: gfr, meqsika, iugoslavia, inglisi,<br />
saberZneTi, Italia, safrangeTi, poloneTi,<br />
bulgareTi, dasavleT berlini, avstralia.<br />
Tqveni cxovrebis saukeTeso periodi: Teatralur institutSi<br />
mceire scenis gaxsna. vkiTxulobdi ioseb gri-<br />
SaSvilis "zRapari hamakSi", eswreboda TviT avtori...<br />
partnioroba qarTuli scenis korifeebTan, pirveli<br />
gasva safrangeTSi.<br />
ocnebis asruleba: dabruneba rusTavelis TeatrSi<br />
romeli dro girCevniaT: saRamos 8 saaTi, speqtaklis<br />
dawuyebis dro (maSinac ki, roca ar vTamaSob)<br />
Tve: oqtomberi<br />
feri: vetrfi cisa fers<br />
qva: firuzi<br />
qalaqi: Tbilisi, siRnaRi, Telavi<br />
mocaleobis Jams: kiTxva, mogonebebis wera qarTuli<br />
Teatris korifeebze.<br />
divizi: siyvaruli, sikeTe<br />
sayvareli roli: Tekla batoniSvili, kekela xuxliaSvili,<br />
milenina, iorkis mTavris meuRle.<br />
Tqveni marcxi: qarTbatoni perneli - "tartiufSi". vTvli,<br />
rom ar miTamaSia.<br />
yvelaze didi sixaruli: rodesac deda gavxdi<br />
Tqveni xasiaTi: kaparCxana<br />
Tqveni sisuste: kaklis muraba, vardis muraba, lobio<br />
Tqveni Rirseba: var erTguli<br />
nakli: maqvs mixvedriloba, magram ar myofnis<br />
ganaTleba<br />
ra gaRizianebT: sicrue da manWva-grexa<br />
ra aRgafrTovanebT: kargi speqtakli, liana isakaZe,<br />
vaxtang Wabukiania, sviatoslav rixteri<br />
risi geSiniaT: siberisa da scenis mitovebis<br />
Tqveni imedi: qaliSvilSi gagrZeldes Cemi scenuri sicocxle..."<br />
baia dvaliSvili: "iciT, saocari gancdaa, romelsac<br />
axsna ver movuZebne. roca scenaze vdgavar, vgrZnob,<br />
rom dedac Cems gverdiTaa, uxilavad damyveba, me mas<br />
vgrZnob. dedas xSirad mamsgavsebdnen, rac asakSi Sevedi,<br />
msgavsebas mec vamCnev da Zalian msiamovnebs... roca<br />
amaze saubroben, an amboben, es marine Tbilelis Sviliao,<br />
deda cocxalia. misi sicocxle ki CemSi grZeldeba.<br />
gamoCenili adamianis Sviloba Zalian rTuli da<br />
sapasuxismgebloa, miT ufro maSin, roca is Sens saQqme-<br />
Sia gamoCenili... kargi msaxiobebis Svilebs erTgvari<br />
protestis SegrZnebac gveufleba... es erTgvari TviTdamkvidrebis<br />
protestia, arada, Seni mSobelia d aver<br />
eyofi mas. arada, udidesi siamayec geufleba, roca<br />
grZnob, rom SEni mSobeli yvelasaTvis sayvareli da<br />
saTayvanebelia. mokled, didi mSoblebis Svilebs<br />
yovelTvis uWirTo - ase amboben da Cvens SEemTxvevaSic<br />
albaT asea!"<br />
rogor dagamaxsovrdaT deda, scenasa Tu ekranze?<br />
baia dvaliSvili: "samwuxaroa, rom dedas Taobis<br />
msaxiobebi ver moeswrnen iseT kinematografs,<br />
romelic maTTvis gadaiRebda filmebs. deda umetes<br />
wilad erTxazovnad TamaSobda burJuaziuli warmo-<br />
Sobis qalebs, Tumca popularoba da xalxis siyvaruli<br />
aman moutana. rac Seexeba Teatrs - Teatri dedasTvis<br />
iyo yvelaferi. ver vityvi, rom TeatrSi gazrdili<br />
bavSvi viyavi, Tumca ise kargad maxsovs, marjaniSvilis<br />
Teatri, pirveli Teatri SemoWrili Cems cxvorebaSi.<br />
ra xdeboda, amdeni korife erTad Tavmoyrili...<br />
saocreba iyo. pirveli speqtaklic maxsovs dedas<br />
monawileobiT "Zia baRdasari". vambob, maxsovs meTqi,<br />
Torem dedas yviTeli kaba CamrCa mexsierebaSi da is,<br />
rom Sua speqtaklis dros avtirdi da viRacam Sokoladi<br />
momawoda... deda iRbliani artisti iyo. niWierebas<br />
iRbali namdvilad sWirdeba. aba, warmoidgineT,<br />
mTli cxovreba gaatara scenis didostatebis gverdiT,<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
Semdeg uceb, 54 wlis asakSi miiRo gadawyvetileba da<br />
daubrunda rusTavelis Teatrs da axla ukve am TeatrSi<br />
daiwyo sturuas oqros xana: "kavkasiuri", "ri-<br />
Cardi"... amdeni gastrolebi, msoflio aRiareba da<br />
deda am yvelafris Tanamonawiled iqca."<br />
qalbatoni marine ukve sami welia wavida am qveynidan.<br />
rogoc misma meuRlem, batonma akakim miTxra,<br />
morwmune adamiani iyoo, sul mudam didubis RvTism-<br />
Soblis eklesiaSi dadiodao, misi samudamo gansasvenebelic<br />
iqvea - didubis panTeonSi. iubiles pirveli<br />
albaT, misi vaJi miulocavs, romelic iqve ganisvenebs...<br />
iubiles miulocaven, misi wasuli kolegebi,<br />
qarTuli Teatris korifeebi, iqve ganiscenebs marine<br />
Tbilelis erT-erTi pirveli reJisori, SemdgomSi<br />
udidesi mecnieri da eqimi vaxtang boWoriSvili,<br />
romelmac mis ZiZias "xevisberi goCadan" aseTi<br />
striqonebi uZRvna:<br />
"...magram minda, mainc minda, mag zRvis Tvalebs Cavxedo,<br />
guls xundebi daxlarTuli avxsna, gavaTavxedo,<br />
Tumca fexTqveS ver dagifen gulgafatrul avazebs,<br />
kalmis wveric Sens sakadriss veras SemogvTavazeb."<br />
mogvitevos didi msaxiobis, marine Tbilelis<br />
naTelma sulma, Tuki Cvenc misi niWis sakadrisi saiubileo<br />
werili ver SevTavazeT mkiTxvels. Tumca<br />
sagazeTo weriliT amxela Semoqmedebis ganxilva<br />
SeuZlebelic iyo da arc gvqonia amis pretenzia. Cven<br />
mxolod movigoneT qalbatoni marine, misi Semoqmedeba<br />
da kidev erTxel vaRiareT is, rom WeSmarit<br />
SemoqmedT daviwyeba ar uweriaT.<br />
2005 weli, 25 oqtomberi<br />
31
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# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
frosti niqsonis winaaRmdeg<br />
reJisori: ron houardi<br />
scenaris avtori: piter morgani<br />
rolebSi: frenk langela, maikl Sini, sem roqueli, qevin beiqoni, oliver plati, rebeka holi<br />
musika: hans zimeri<br />
2008 weli<br />
WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
1974w. satelevizio karieris zenitSi myofi britaneli televarskvlavi devid frosti (dRes mas al jaziraze<br />
miyavs gadacemebi), cota fleiboi, cota eqsperimentatori, gadawyvitavs daiTanxmos riCard niqsoni, amerikis<br />
erTaderTi prezidenti, romelic impiCmentis gamo gadadga Tanamdebobidan (uotergeitis skandali, romelic<br />
prezidentis gadadgomis mizezi gaxda 1974w.), satelevizio interviuebis seriaze. interviu 600 000 dolarad,<br />
plius procenti sareklamo Semosavlebidan - Ees aris fasi, romelzec mowinaaRmdegeebi Tanxmdebian. frosts<br />
kidev ufro didi warmateba da popularoba unda, romelsac dedamiwis meore naxevarsferos teleindustria<br />
pirdeba. niqsons - eris TvalSi gamarTleba da reputaciis aRdgena. orivesTvis brZola cxovrebis azria. Tanac<br />
pensioner prezidents, romelic kaliforniaSi mkurnalobs da sazogadoebisgan Tavs casa pacifica-Si afarebs,<br />
fuli sWirdeba.<br />
ron houardis drama oskaris 5 nominaciaSi moxvda. amerikis kinoakademiis mxridan sakmaod aRiarebulma<br />
reJisorma, romelic Tanamedrove holivudis erT-erTi saxea, kargad icis rogor gagakeTos filmi kinoakademiis<br />
kriteriumebis dasakmayofileblad ( "apolo13", "da vinCis kodi", "brwyinvale goneba"). filmis scenari<br />
dramaturg piter morganis ("dedofali", "Sotlandiis ukanaskneli mefe", "ukanaskneli boleinebis gvaridan")<br />
piesis adaptirebuli variantia. miuxedavad imisa, rom dramaturgis mTeli Semoqmedeba miznad isaxavs rac Sei-<br />
Zleba daamciros Zlierni ama qveynisanni da didi figurebisagan liliputebi gardaqmnas, ron houardTan tandemSi<br />
gansakuTrebuli simZafre am kuTxiT ar gamovida. filmSi sul sxva Tema gaxda dominanturi. amaze odnav<br />
qvemoT. gamokveTili politikuri poziciebis mqone filmis avtorebi 1977w. Caweril "yvela drois yvelaze<br />
mniSvnelovani teleinterviuebis" qronikebs gviyvebian da albaT jorj buSTan msgavs interviuze ocneboben.<br />
sanam frosti lamaz gogoebTan erToba da tkbeba 70-iani wlebis hedonizmiT, misi erTguli TanaSemweebi<br />
boblioTekebs qeqaven, raTa pensioneri prezidenti kidev erTxel amxilon danaSaulSi eris winaSe. filmis<br />
yvelaze saintereso nawili interviuebTan erTad iwyeba. 40 wuTis ganmavlobaSi vuyurebT, rogor agebs frosti<br />
Tavis TavSi da sakuTar simarTleSi darwmunebul usircxvilo moxucTan. niqsoni gadamwyvet interviumde inarCunebs<br />
gamaRizianebel simSvides da iumors, rasac Zalian advilad SeuZlia gamoiyvanos wyobilebidan bevrad<br />
ufro Zlieri miowinaaRmdege vidre frostia (maikl Sinis personaJi filmSi cota degeneratis STabe-<br />
Wdilebasac tovebs). Tanac aSkaraa, rom frosts ar aqvs arc gansakuTrebuli pozicia da arc sakmarisi sabuTebi<br />
imisaTvis, rom raime amtkicos da saerTod Caweramde cota ukeTesad<br />
rom momzadebuliyo urigo ar iqneboda. frosti gecodeba, roca uyureb<br />
rogor agebs prezidentTan, romelic Tavidan bolomde politikuri piaris<br />
saukeTeso magaliTia. frenk langela (romelic sulac ar gavs niqons<br />
vizualurad) erTgvari krebiTi saxea wagebuli saxelmwifo meTauris (momentebSi<br />
SevardnaZesac emsgavseba). niqsons ezizReba frostis italiuri<br />
baTinkebi, rogorc TviTon mowinaaRmdege, magram gulis siRrmeSi maTze<br />
ise ocnebobs, rogorc im warmatebaze, rac aqvs frosts (houardis filmi<br />
ZiriTadad msgavs banalur simbolikebzea agebuli), im xalxis siyvarulze<br />
da popularobaze, romlis zenitSic imyofeba telewamyvani. "politika<br />
Zalian gavs Sou bizness!" Tqva ronald reiganma da ron houardis<br />
filmic pirvel rigSi swored Sou-bizneszea. imaze, Tu ramxela Zala aqvs<br />
teleekrans, romelic aris kidec eqs-prezidentis mTavari mosamarTle<br />
filmSi. 1985w. umberto eko Tavis statiaSi "motyuebis strategia" niqsonis<br />
amerikeli xalxisadmi satelevizio mimarTvas aRwers uotergeitis skandalis<br />
Semdeg. eko askvnis, rom es gamosvla beWduri mediiT gavrcelebis<br />
SemTxvevaSi sul sxva Sedegs moutanda prezidents (mimarTvis Semdeg amerikis<br />
mosaxleobis is nawilic ki, romelic mxars uWerda niqsons mis mowinaaRmdegeTa<br />
rigebSi gadavidnen), radgan satelevizio mimarTvis dros<br />
brwyinvale sityva aRelvebulma da SeSinebulma kacma warmoTqva. riCard<br />
niqsoni agebs imitom, rom aratelegenuria da misi gaoflili Subli<br />
ekrans ar epareba. frosti igebs, radgan televiziisTvisaa dabadebuli da<br />
misi ekranuli momxibvleloba amarcxebs niqsonis politikas. <strong>Jurnali</strong>sti,<br />
romelsac ar gaaCnda aranaeri politikuri pozicia da am kuTxiT arc<br />
raime gansakuTrebuli ambiciebi amoZravebda, aRmoCndeba swored is adamiani,<br />
visac cxovreba moulodnel TamaSSi CaiTrevs da sul sxva statusiT<br />
Seiyvans televiziis istoriaSi. swored frosti gaxdeba Tavisi drois im<br />
yvelaze cnobili politikuri ringis gamarjvebuli, sadac aTqmevinebs eqsprezidents<br />
legendarul frazebs: "prezidenti rasac akeTebs, yvelaferi<br />
kanonieria" da "mapatieT, me Sevcdi".<br />
interviuebis originaluri varianti, romelic milionobiT adamianma<br />
naxa yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomia, Tundac youtube-is saSualebiT (vin uyrebs<br />
exla am Canawerebs, Tanac filmis Semdeg). politikur leqsikonSi uotergeitis<br />
Semdeg damkvidrebuli sufiqsi "geit", romliTac saxelmwifo moxelis<br />
karieris kraxiT damTavrebas aRniSnaven, filmisTvis simboluri<br />
aRmoCnda ( ron houardis frostniqsongeit oskarebiT dajildovebis<br />
ceremonialze). wels kinoakademiis politikuri TemebiT aSkara dainteresebis<br />
miuxedavad (saukeTeso filmis nominaciaSi iyo gas van sentis politikuri<br />
"harvi milkic") filmi jildoebis gareSe darCa.<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
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# 1 (01) 01.09.2009
saqarTvelos Teatris, musikis, kinosa da qoreografiis saxelmwifo muzeumi<br />
viki kristina barselona<br />
reJisori da scenaris avtori: vudi aleni<br />
rolebSi: rebeka holi, skarlet iohansoni, xavier bardemi, penelope kruzi<br />
2008 weli<br />
amerikelebis Tavgadasavlebi evropaSi albaT vudi alenis kidev erTi axali<br />
etapia. misi kino turistul elfers iZens. axal filmSi is masxrad igdebs<br />
zogadad turizmis fenomens, amerikelebis evrofilias da isterikebs espanur<br />
enaze. mizantropuli ironiiT moyolili londonuri trilogiis Semdeg,<br />
sadac vudi aleni dostoevskis umiznebda, aq is dolce vita-s gvTavazobs da<br />
gonebamaxvilurad gveTamaSeba kulturul-eTnikuri stereotipebiT.<br />
amerikeli gogoebi laTinur sayvarlebze ocneboben (zogi Riad, zogi farulad),<br />
gitaris vnebian hangebze cremli erevaT, wiTel Rvinos miirTmeven, materialuri<br />
problemebi rogorc aseTi ar ician ra aris, cifrul aparatebSi<br />
gaudis afiqsireben da yvelaze ugemovnod icmeven mTels msoflioSi. Janri<br />
- e.w. sazafxulo komedia (zafxulSi ganviTarebuli romantikuli melodramebis<br />
premierebi TbilisSi zamTarSi sjobs: "au, es sad vcxovrobT!" ufro mZafria),<br />
foni - barselona da misi RirsSeaniSnaobebis sareklamo katalogi (filmi<br />
barselonis municipalitetis fulebiT aris gadaRebuli. es maT undodaT<br />
qalaqis reklama, romelsac principSi reklama ar sWirdeba, Tu vudi alenis<br />
xrikebia, romelsac aseve ar uWirs filmisTvis dafinansebis mopoveba, aravin<br />
icis). kadrs miRma xma gvamcnobs, rom ori amerikeli qaTami barselonaSi<br />
Cadis. iq maT laTinuri siyvaruli elodebaT, marTalia gaSorebuli, magram<br />
marad Seyvarebuli muza-meuRleze. filmis mTavar personaJebs rasakvirvelia<br />
varskvlavebi ansaxiereben da maTi stereotipebis gaSarJebiT imdenad erToba<br />
reJisori, rom filmi marTlac Zalian sasaciloa. miwieri da realisti,<br />
zedmetad msjelobebis moyvaruli viki (rebeka holi) briunetia. barselonaSi<br />
is espanuri enis codnis daxvewas gegmavs, wers diploms espaneTTan dakavSirebul<br />
raRac gaugebar Temaze da qorwilisTvis emzadeba. saqmro "kargi partiaa".<br />
kristina (skarlet iohansoni) qeraTmiani da aqedan gamomdinare fuqsavatia.<br />
reJisori qalebis Tmebis ferebTan dakavSirebul stereotipebzec ar ambobs<br />
uars gaerTos. barselonaSi kristina siyvaruls da Tavgadasavlebs eZebs da<br />
kidev Tavis Tavs rac mTavaria. iohansoni TiTqmis boroti parodiaa sakuTar<br />
Tavze sofia kopolas filmidan "TargmanSi dakargulebi". boColas TvalebiT<br />
seqsualurad warmoTqmuli frazebi daaxloebiT Semdegi Sinaarsisaa: "vitanjebi<br />
imiT, rom aqamde ver mivxvdi ra minda cxovrebaSi" (laTinuri siyvarulis<br />
dasawyisSi, meti idumalebisa da mimzidvelobisTvis) da "magram vici, rom "es"<br />
namdvilad ar minda" (am siyvarulis dasamTavreblad). filmis dagvirgvineba<br />
penelope kruzis gamoCenaa. is filmis sadRac Sua nawilSi mogvevlineba,<br />
roca aRarc elodebi da iseTebs Caatarebs, jobia sakuTari TvaliT naxoT.<br />
miTumetes, rom am "paxaJdeniebisTvis" mas damsaxurebuli oskaric ergo. gansakuTrebuli<br />
sisastikiT reJisori xavier bardems uswordeb. kaci, romelmac<br />
ici, SarSan Zmeb koenebTan psixi mkvlelis rolisTvis oskari aiRo, aq Tavisi<br />
Rvinisferi perangiT da "tvorCeski" seqsualurobas damatebuli laTinuri<br />
vnebebis qariSxaliT, iseTi komikuria SeiZleba siciliT gaskde. is da kruzi<br />
erTad ze-parodiaa laTinuri wyvilis, evropuli bohemis, amaRlebuli urTierTobebis<br />
da xelovnebis enaze mosaubre siyvarulis; giJi col-qmari, romlebic<br />
urTierTobebSi simZafrisTvis amerikel qaTmebs zafxulobiT TavianT<br />
galiaSi abamen, ubralod imitom, rom gaerTon. magram yvelaze sasacilo<br />
filmSi mainc ori mega-muzaa, erTi almodovaris, meore TviTon vudi alenis.<br />
penelope kruzi da skarlet iohansoni erTmaneTis imijebis da stereotipebis<br />
okeaneSi curaven da finalisken vnebian kocnaSic ki erwymian erTmaneTs.<br />
vudi yvelfers dascinis rasac SeiZleba da yvelas masxrad igdebs vinc ki<br />
axsendeba. bertoluCis (amerikelebi evropaSi sakuTari Tavis saZieblad - es<br />
misi Temaa), triufos (kadrs miRma xma romelic yveba ambavs da kidev ufro met<br />
komikurobas aZlevs films, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT pirdapir inscenirebebze<br />
"Jiuli da jimidan": samni velosipedebze, provinciuli zRvispira samxreTuli<br />
qalaqi, mze acxunebs, cxovreba mSvenieria da bla-bla-bla. oRond iq ori biWi<br />
da erTi gogoa, aq piriqiT), sofia kopolas (mama frensisTan faruli boRmebi<br />
aqvs albaT, Torem TviTon sofia kai gogoa, ras unda erCodes), rac mTavaria<br />
almodovars (barselona xom pedros qalaqia, xmelTaSuazRvispieTis<br />
qalRmerTi penelope kruzi ki misi muza). yvelaferTan erTad manheteneli<br />
inteleqtuali Tavis Tavsac dascinis rogorc yovelTvis. amjerad axali vudi,<br />
oRond kabaSi es rebeka holia, nerviuli RimilebiT, kompleqsebiT, faruli<br />
vnebebiT, eWvebiT, mtanjveli mosazrebebiT, aTasi argumentebiT da naivuri mizezebiT<br />
sulelur problemebze.<br />
# 1 (01) 01.09.2009<br />
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WWW.ARTPALACE.GE<br />
benJamen batonis ucnauri SemTxveva<br />
reJisori: devid finCeri<br />
scenaris avtori: eriq roti<br />
rolebSi: bred piti, qeiT blanSeti, tilda suintoni,<br />
Taraji p. hensoni, julia ormondi, jeison<br />
flemingi<br />
2008 weli<br />
devid finCeris sam saaTiani epikuri bloqbasteris<br />
daaxloebiT naxevari unda naxoT,<br />
rom miaRwioT im kadrs, romelSic mTavari<br />
gmiris saxe didi tanjvis Sedegad sabolood<br />
bred pitis fizionomias Rebulobs. yvelaferi<br />
piks maSin aRwevs, roca ekranze bred<br />
piti "telma da luizas" droindel asakSi gvevlineba<br />
da mTlianad virtualuri Sedevris<br />
gansaxiereba xdeba. is, rom finCeris alteregod<br />
qceuli mister piti yvelaze lamazi mamakacis<br />
garda Zalian kargi msaxiobia ukve didi<br />
xania mivxvdiT (inaritusTan "babilonSi", koenebTan<br />
"dawviT wakiTxvis Semdeg"). finCerTan<br />
- kidev erTi demonstrireba misi samsaxiobo<br />
talantis da nominacia oskarze. rac Seexeba<br />
qeiT blanSets, is xom geniosia da albaT didi<br />
teqnologiebis daxmarebis gareSec advilad<br />
iTamaSebda 16 wlis gogos. Tanac balerinas,<br />
romelic cekvavs rogorc ananiaSvili.<br />
filmi marTlac jadoqrobaa da am kuTxiT<br />
finCeri revolucias axdens. oRond teqnikis<br />
da ara xelovnebis. magram es ar aris sakmarisi<br />
reJisorisTvis. misi ambicia erTi konkretuli<br />
adamianis cxovrebis magaliTze meoce saukunis<br />
amerikis enciklopediis Seqmnis mcdelobaa,<br />
romlis konstruqcia savse iqneba egzistencialuri<br />
qveteqstebiT. amisaTvis devid finCerma<br />
da misma scenaristma "forest gamfidan" erik<br />
rotma, skot ficjeraldis amave saxelwodebis<br />
nawarmoebi aiRes da ironiul-fantastikuri<br />
novela filosofiuri sevdiT savse filmad<br />
gardaqmnes.<br />
kritikosebi xSirad aRniSnaven xolme, rom<br />
"Taoba X"-ma Tanamedrove amerikul kinos ori<br />
didi mezRapre aCuqa Tim bartonis da devid<br />
finCeris saxiT. pirveli yovelTvis keTil<br />
istoriebs yveba da am istoriebSi WeSmariteba<br />
da maxvilgoniereba imarjvebs da meore, romlis<br />
Semoqmedebis mTavari Tema es aris "ucxo".<br />
filmidan filmSi finCeris mTavari gmiri<br />
yvelgan da yovelTvis "ucxoa" da es "ucxo"<br />
mis SigniT zis, sxeulSi, qvecnobierSi da a.S.<br />
("ucxo 3", "Svidi", "mebrZolTa klubi"). am kuTxiT<br />
"benJamen batonis" fabula idealuri iyo<br />
finCerisTvis "ucxos" Temis gasagrZeleblad.<br />
skot ficjeraldis TiTqmis iumoristuli<br />
novelidan, romelSic axalSobili 80 wlis<br />
moxucis sxeuliT mamis sigarebs eweva da saTamaSoebs<br />
britanuli enciklopedia urCevnia,<br />
TiTqmis aRaraferi darCa. ukuRma datrialebuli<br />
dro, romelic bevr sasacilo momentebs<br />
iwvevs ficjeraldTan, aq adamianis arsebobis<br />
tragediad gardaiqmneba.<br />
36<br />
GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
pirvel msoflio omis dros niu-orleanis<br />
rkinigzis sadgurSi vaJiSvilis daRupviT<br />
damwuxrebuli brma mesaaTe isrebs uku-<br />
Rma daatrialebs, riTac viTomda warsulis<br />
ukan dabrunebas da mkvdrebis gacocxlebas<br />
Seecdeba (didi Zveli saaTi - simbolo, drois<br />
Temaze finCeris filosofiuri nafiqralis<br />
gamosaxatavad). swored im momentSi, roca isrebi<br />
ukuRma datrialdeba, Rilebis fabrikis<br />
mflobel mister batons vaJi SeeZineba.<br />
deda mSobiarobas gadayveba da bavSvis ucnauri<br />
SesaxedaobiT gaognebuli mama axalSobils<br />
RvTismosavi zangebis wyvils miugdebs moxucTa<br />
TavSesafarSi. droTa ganmavlobaSi moxuci<br />
benJameni gaizrdeba, fexze dadgeba, fizikurad<br />
gaaxalgazrdavebas daiwyebs, nel-nela bred<br />
pitad gadaiqceva, sazRvao flots miaSurebs<br />
da sasiyvarulo romans gaabavs aristokrat<br />
qalTan sadRac murmanskSi (tilda svintonis<br />
patara, magram dauviwyari roli); 60-ianebSi is<br />
moticiklets moaxteba, indoeTSi gadaikargeba<br />
WeSmaritebis ZiebaSi, rac mTavaria JRalTmian<br />
balerinas Seiyvarebs da colad SeirTavs, magram<br />
mere miatovebs, tkivili da tanjva rom ar<br />
miayenos. Tumca qeiT blanSetis gmiri mwuxarebas<br />
mainc ver ascdeba. Tvali adevno imas, Tu<br />
rogori mtkivneulia Seyvarebuli qalisTvis<br />
uyuros rogor axalgazrdavdeba da ifurCqneba<br />
misi sayvareli adamiani, sanam TviTion<br />
berdeba, Zalian, Zalian naRvliania (kidev<br />
kargi tilda suintoni filmis bolos gadacuravs<br />
okeanes da daamtkicebs, rom qalebs Tu<br />
Zalian undaT yvela ocnebas aixdenen, Torem<br />
marTla Zalian, Zalian gvawyeninebdiT mister<br />
finCer!).<br />
diskomfortis SegrZneba TiTqmis sami<br />
saaTi grZeldeba. mTeli am xnis ganmavloba-<br />
Si is mutaciebi, rasac ganicdian msaxiobebi<br />
magia, jadoqroba, revoluciuri eqsperimenti,<br />
teqnologiuri triumfi da ravici kidev ra<br />
ar aris. raRac momentSi xvdebi, rom es yvelaferi<br />
ubralod gaRizianebs. Tan cota saSi-<br />
Sic aris. ara, cota ara, Zalian saSiSi. filmis<br />
teqnikuri srulyofileba imdenad damabrmavebelia,<br />
reJisoris egzistencialur Sexedulebebze<br />
saerTod aRar fiqrob. simarTle<br />
rom iTqvas, TviTon finCeric, rogorc Cans<br />
imdenad gaitaca filmis teqnikurma aspeqtebma,<br />
rom Zala aRar eyo sakuTari Tavis, rogorc<br />
filosofosis ambiciebi bolomde daekmayofilebina.<br />
ra amisTana WeSmaritebas miagno<br />
benJamen batonma cxovrebaSi, romelic piriqiT<br />
gaiara, kadrs miRma darCa. da ra kargia, rom<br />
wels oskarebiT dajildovebis ceremonialze<br />
didi da daumTavrebeli saga uimedobasa da sasowarkveTaze<br />
axalgazrdobam da siyvarulma<br />
daamarcxa.<br />
rubrika moamzada<br />
maka kukulavam<br />
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WWW.ARTPALACE.GE GEORGIAN STATE MUSEUM OF THEATRE, MUSIC,CINEMA AND CHOREOGRAPHY<br />
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