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Ritrovati & Restaurati sonori.pdf - Cineteca di Bologna

Ritrovati & Restaurati sonori.pdf - Cineteca di Bologna

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Murnau. L’abbiamo costruita noi, poi abbiamo<br />

filmato Queneau per due giorni in<br />

questa scenografia. Lì è sorto un problema.<br />

I produttori trovavano la scena troppo<br />

lunga, sfuggiva il fatto che fosse una<br />

prova <strong>di</strong>mostrativa permeata <strong>di</strong> un gelido<br />

umorismo e hanno creduto che sarebbe<br />

stata noiosa. Non volevano più produrre il<br />

film. A forza <strong>di</strong> compromessi hanno finito<br />

per accettare ma, con il montatore Léonide<br />

Azar, abbiamo dovuto tagliare molto,<br />

cosa che rimpiango. Azar era considerato<br />

il montatore del secolo perché temperava,<br />

correggeva e riequilibrava la maggior<br />

parte dei più gran<strong>di</strong> film commerciali. Ma<br />

anche lui non aveva compreso l’umorismo<br />

<strong>di</strong> Queneau, che era troppo in anticipo sui<br />

tempi, e i cui libri, del resto, non avevano<br />

grande <strong>di</strong>ffusione all’epoca.<br />

Pierre Kast, in Pierre Boiron, Pierre Kast,<br />

Lherminier, Parigi 1985<br />

The film Arithmétique, which I made the<br />

year before [1952] based on an idea of<br />

Queneau, was originally going to be, more<br />

or less, a feature length film. It was part<br />

of a series of ten films, L’Encyclope<strong>di</strong>e filmée,<br />

of which two were made by Grémillon<br />

during the same period: Astrologie and<br />

Alchimie. Arithmétique is a film that was<br />

very dear to me because I loved Raymond<br />

Queneau, whom I often saw with Boris<br />

[Vian]. There was a tight bond between<br />

them. In fact, Queneau was one of the few<br />

who realized that Vian was a great writer<br />

(...). It was in a schoolroom, but from the<br />

window you could see a set made in the<br />

style of a German film by Murnau. We built<br />

it ourselves and then filmed Queneau for<br />

two days in this set. Then a problem arose.<br />

The producers thought the scene was too<br />

long; they <strong>di</strong>d not understand that it was<br />

a trial run imbued with cold humor, and<br />

they thought it would have been boring.<br />

They <strong>di</strong>d not want to produce the film.<br />

They finally accepted with a number of<br />

compromises, but with Léonide Azar as<br />

e<strong>di</strong>tor we had to cut a lot of things, which<br />

I regret. Azar was considered the e<strong>di</strong>tor of<br />

the century because of how he tempered,<br />

corrected and balanced the majority of the<br />

greatest commercial films. But he too <strong>di</strong>d<br />

not understand Queneau’s sense of humor,<br />

which was too ahead of his time, and whose<br />

books, moreover, were not very well-known.<br />

Pierre Kast, in Pierre Boiron, Pierre Kast,<br />

Lherminier, Paris 1985<br />

160<br />

VIVENT LES DOCKERS<br />

Francia, 1951 Regia: Robert Mennegoz,<br />

Serge Bénézech, Jean Roullet,<br />

Paul Carpita, René Vautier<br />

█ Commento: André Stil; F., Mo.: Robert Mennegoz,<br />

Serge Bénézech, Jean Roullet, Paul<br />

Carpita, René Vautier; Mu.: Prokofiev; Prod.:<br />

CGT – Confédération Générale du Travail; FSM<br />

– Fédération syn<strong>di</strong>cale mon<strong>di</strong>ale, Union des<br />

Syn<strong>di</strong>cats de la Région Parisienne █ 35mm. D.:<br />

14’. Bn. Versione francese / French version █ Da:<br />

CNC – Archives Françaises du Film<br />

Il cinema francese non esprime opinioneipolitiche<br />

e si sa grossomodo perché. I due<br />

film <strong>di</strong> Mennegoz sono quin<strong>di</strong> un’eccezione,<br />

ma sono stati girati quasi clandestinamente<br />

e si può vederli solo clandestinamente.<br />

Mennegoz forse non fa un cinema<br />

che corrisponda alla vostra opinione<br />

(infatti è comunista), ma almeno voi non<br />

siete un qualsiasi Brune o un car<strong>di</strong>nale<br />

Gerlier (che crede a Dio e al <strong>di</strong>avolo) e<br />

chiedete prima <strong>di</strong> tutto <strong>di</strong> vedere.<br />

(...) U<strong>di</strong>amo che i dockers vogliono vivere,<br />

vale a <strong>di</strong>re un po’ più che esistere, un po’<br />

più che sopravvivere. Mennegoz ha vissuto<br />

come uomo e come artista un’avventura<br />

umana che non era facile per i suoi<br />

compagni: le gru sono più belle al cinema<br />

che nella realtà, ed è dura non poter dare<br />

da mangiare ai propri ragazzi. Quando<br />

non si crede molto a Dio ma solamente<br />

alla felicità su questa terra, perdere la<br />

vita, significa esattamente perdere tutto<br />

e la sepoltura senza esequie da parte dei<br />

suoi compagni, <strong>di</strong> un docker ucciso in una<br />

manifestazione ci emoziona, perché ha un<br />

significato umano: è un atto <strong>di</strong> protesta.<br />

Durante le riprese, questo cinema politico<br />

nelle sue tesi <strong>di</strong>ventava d’altronde un atto<br />

politico. Dato che i dockers ricreavano<br />

davanti a una macchina da presa il proprio<br />

dramma, non era il perfetto esempio<br />

del teatro nella strada sognato da Artaud.<br />

Non si trattava <strong>di</strong> un <strong>di</strong>vertissement del<br />

patronato o <strong>di</strong> una rivista <strong>di</strong> fine d’anno<br />

perché questa azione drammatica costituiva<br />

anche un’azione politica reale.<br />

(…) Per restare all’aneddoto, ricor<strong>di</strong>amo<br />

lo sbarco delle bare dall’Indocina, filmato<br />

attraverso un oblò della stiva; e anche<br />

quella sequenza gustosa dove si vedono<br />

i plotoni accorgersi che l’automobile che<br />

sta passando davanti a loro è armata <strong>di</strong><br />

una macchina da presa, ma comprenderlo<br />

sempre con un po’ <strong>di</strong> ritardo, il che dona<br />

un curioso effetto, dato che sembra che la<br />

macchina da presa passi in rassegna un<br />

castello <strong>di</strong> carte <strong>di</strong> sbirri.<br />

François Michel, Cinéma clandestin Robert<br />

Mennegoz, “Positif”, n. 9<br />

French cinema does not express a political<br />

opinion, and the reason why is pretty<br />

much known. The two films by Mennegoz<br />

are an exception, but they were shot almost<br />

in secret and can be seen only in<br />

secret. Mennegoz perhaps makes films<br />

that do not match your opinion (in fact,<br />

he is a communist), but at least you are<br />

not some Brune or Car<strong>di</strong>nal Gerlier (who<br />

believes in God and the devil) and you ask<br />

first of all to see.<br />

(...) We hear the dockers, who want to<br />

live, that is, who want more than to just<br />

exist, just survive. Mennegoz has lived a<br />

human adventure, as a man and as an artist,<br />

that was not easy for his companions:<br />

cranes are more beautiful on film than in<br />

reality, and it is hard to not have anything<br />

to feed one’s own boys. When you do not<br />

believe much in God but only in happiness<br />

on earth, losing your life means losing<br />

everything, and the burial without a<br />

funeral of a docker killed in a protest is<br />

moving because it has a human meaning:<br />

it is an act of protest. During the filming,<br />

this political cinema became a political<br />

act. Considering that the dockers recreated<br />

their personal drama before the<br />

camera, it was not the perfect example of<br />

the street theater conceived of by Artaud.<br />

It was not a <strong>di</strong>version for patrons or an<br />

end-of-year review because the dramatic<br />

action was a real political action. (…) To<br />

stay true to the anecdote, let’s not forget<br />

the arrival of the coffins from Indochina<br />

filmed through a porthole in the ship’s<br />

hold; and that wonderful sequence in<br />

which the platoons realize that the car<br />

passing in front of them is armed with<br />

a camera, but understand it later, which<br />

creates a curious effect since the camera<br />

seems to look across a house of cards<br />

made of policemen.<br />

François Michel, Cinéma clandestin Robert<br />

Mennegoz, “Positif”, n. 9

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