Universiteit van die Oranje-Vrystaat - SAMJ Archive Browser
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598 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7DES 1991<br />
<strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong> -<br />
Akademiese Jaardag, Fakulteit <strong>van</strong> Geneeskunde:<br />
-<br />
Abstrakte<br />
PIISSIEWE ROOK VERLAAG DIE WEERSTANDIGaElD VAN<br />
HIPERTENSIE IN DIE SW= BEJAARDE POPULASIE IN<br />
DIE 0- VRYSTAAT.<br />
*F.CJ. Bester, DJ.V. Weich.<br />
INLEIDING: 'n Stu<strong>die</strong> is gedoen om <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong> prevalensie <strong>van</strong><br />
s u m s t a is toksiese sobstanse wat idmend& stmkme d en hipertensie in <strong>die</strong> swart bejaarde pophie te be amok om<br />
s o d o e n d e v e r n i c t i g o f ~ . ~ d i e s e l ~ t e e m m<strong>die</strong> r mmntlike verband te ondersoek tussen E$tensie en<br />
hier<strong>die</strong> suurstofdikale besit, is dit reeds in <strong>die</strong> literatuur aangetmn dat 'n ouderdom, ligaamhu, Moed glukose, M e n , en<br />
oormaat gevam word tydem miokaraiale isgemie/reperfusie. Die<br />
verdedigingsmeganisme bestaan uit F e , wat d verb 4<br />
cholesterol.<br />
en<br />
antiobidante soos bv. vitamien C, vltanuen E, Skaroteen en vitamien A<br />
Sigaremw,k bevat vedeie radikale wat m staat is tot SenuExe be&&&, METQDIEE 400 Swart bejaardes, ouderdom 65 jaar en meer,<br />
Voorheen is ook aangetm dat toe<strong>die</strong>nitlg m a&&ihte aan rokers nie <strong>die</strong> is ewe- selekteer uit 10 ewe geselekteerde stede m<br />
reeds verkagde p* antioksidant komeotrasie kon verhoog nie. Aangesien rook <strong>die</strong> O.V.S. Bloeddpkme~ g n mreenkomstig <strong>die</strong><br />
'nrisilrof~vir~hartsielde~ontstaan<strong>die</strong>vrae~ofpassiewerook riglynevau<strong>die</strong>~<br />
ook 'n invloed op dw rmokardiale antiokdante het, en (ii) of <strong>die</strong> weerstandigheid<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> miokardium teenoor isgemie/reperfosie valaag. Rotte is vir 2 maande<br />
toegebat am passief te rook in 'n 35 liter houer vir IS min wa&ydem rook vir 'n<br />
totale tyd <strong>van</strong> 50 sekondes ingesuig is. Dit is %/&g herhaal. Die rotte se harte is<br />
uitgehaal en onderwerp aan isgemie/reperfusie Mitoehondriale frmlsie, lae<br />
moleknl- yster &elate (L,MYC), rehol, retiaolesters en A-tolroferol is<br />
be@ Passiewe rook het <strong>die</strong> W C vedaag asoak 'U verJaging <strong>van</strong> antialrsidante<br />
v e r d Met 'n kort bhtdEng aan isgemie (M min) het <strong>die</strong> miokardium <strong>van</strong><br />
@we r o b 'n 485% ve- in mitoehoncfriale fnnksie getooq temyi <strong>die</strong><br />
nie-rokers 'n 43% vemmklbg getoon het. Dieself& t& is met<br />
reperfnsie waargeneem. Die gevo&dd&g kan dm g e d word dat passieWe<br />
rook we1 <strong>die</strong> weerstandigfie'ld <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> miokardinm teenoor isgemie/reperfusie<br />
verlaag, ascmk dat dit verantwmrdelik is vir <strong>die</strong> verlagiog <strong>van</strong> adoksidante wat as<br />
oprnimer <strong>van</strong> suurstofradilrale <strong>die</strong>a<br />
22k Vereniging. Hoogte en lengte<br />
bepahgs is g&n met behulp <strong>van</strong><br />
is <strong>die</strong> "=v m .echpicon bi- SMAC vloei analiseerder. Bskrywende<br />
statsbek IS bepaal en verskille tussen subgroe pbePaalmt<br />
behdp <strong>van</strong> &e "Mann-Whitne U toes. erbande tussen<br />
groepe is ondersoek dew midde I' <strong>van</strong> 'n IiniEre regressie model.<br />
RESULTATE: Die prevalensie <strong>van</strong> hipertensie (sistolies > 1y<br />
mm/Hg; diastolies > 90 -g) was 42% vir mans en 61% vlr<br />
vrwe. Die prevalensie <strong>van</strong> sistoliese hipertensie was l2,5% en<br />
WC% vir ~llans en vroue respektiewehk met <strong>die</strong> gemiddelde<br />
ouderdom <strong>van</strong> persone met slstoliese hipertensie ho& as <strong>die</strong><br />
stu<strong>die</strong>groep. Vrouens was baie oo- en 'n betekenisvolle<br />
verband IS aangetoon tussen indeh en<br />
diastoliese bloeddrukme- by v r o u ~ u k o swaardes e<br />
het geen verband met bloeddruhvaardes getoon nie. Hoewel<br />
<strong>die</strong> cholesterolwaardes nie verhoog was in <strong>die</strong> groep nie, is 'n<br />
betekenisvolle verband aangetoon met diitstoliese<br />
bloeddruhvaardes<br />
GEVOLGTREggING:<br />
l. Swart bejaatde is 'n hipertensiewe populasie.<br />
2 Mass;tverlies by <strong>die</strong> vroue is 'n moontliLheid vir niesme<strong>die</strong>&<br />
interfensie.<br />
3. Die betekenisvolle verband tussen cholesterol en diastoliese<br />
waardes is 'n verrassende nuwe bevinding.<br />
DIE AARD VAN SELERIlEWE INSULIEN MOBILISERING<br />
A M & ~eer* en A Crous.<br />
Departement Flsiolcgie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> OVS, Bloemfonteia, .<br />
Tyde~.~ verhoogde seIrretoriese &kiteit word issulien &emleek uit<br />
jonger, minder elektrondigte granales gemobiliseer. Nogtans is 'n klein<br />
persentasie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> ekstrasellu%e inden a&omstig <strong>van</strong>af <strong>die</strong> sogenaarnde<br />
volwasse granualpopulasie (donlrer pales). Regalering <strong>van</strong> sodanige<br />
selel<strong>die</strong>we vrystelling mag biochemiese. of sitmtruldurele veranderinge<br />
tydens <strong>die</strong> vorming <strong>van</strong> nuwe sek&egraaules verteenwmxpig. Daar<br />
eksositose versmelting <strong>van</strong> grand- en selmembrane weis, m%<br />
insuliemnystetIing uit spesifieke. granales wees in <strong>die</strong><br />
versneltiogsverm& <strong>van</strong> puuImembpe. Sodanige ver~meltjngs word<br />
gereeld op elektronmikrograwe <strong>van</strong> B-sea waargeneem. Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
ondersoekwasombywyse<strong>van</strong><strong>die</strong>tipesgranuulversne~<strong>die</strong>gr~g<br />
vir selel<strong>die</strong>we granule mobilisering vir irnvrystelling M te gaan.<br />
B-se.1 sekretoriese aldiwiteit is by rotte verhoog dew glukose toe<strong>die</strong>- in<br />
viva Pankreasweeht is vervolgems 6kseer en vir elektronmikroskopie<br />
vmberei Elektronmikrograwe teen <strong>die</strong> verlaugde vergroting is as montage<br />
SaamgeStel. Vi eke selpro6el is <strong>die</strong> aantal ligte en donLer versmew
eIatief tot <strong>die</strong> Egte en donlrer granuulpopulade anderslreidelilr bepaal. Die<br />
eksperimentek waardes is met kontde waardes vergelyk. Donker<br />
granuuhrersmeltings was deurgaaw beduidend minder as <strong>die</strong> ligte<br />
versme- G1ukoaestimulasie het onder alle eksperimentele toestande<br />
nie <strong>die</strong> versmehgs. tussen donker granules beihdoed me. Met liulgdurige<br />
(72.u~) @ukoswhmulasie was <strong>die</strong> versmeltings tussen ligte granules<br />
stahstre~ beduidend verhoog. Daarenteen het akute glukosestimulasie vir 30<br />
minute geen effek op <strong>die</strong> ligte vemeltings gehad nie.<br />
Die effek <strong>van</strong> h& ekstmd&re ~ukoaekonsenfrasies op <strong>die</strong><br />
gran-pek <strong>van</strong> imuliensekresie word eers na 30 minute<br />
-1. D& verklaar <strong>die</strong> toename in ligte versmeltings slegs by <strong>die</strong> 72<br />
ULU pep. Die minder donker ve~~meltings wat deurgaans waargeneem<br />
was, word as 'n afname in membraan aktiwiteit geimterpreteer. Daar word<br />
gepostureer dat granules werklik verouder met gepaardgaande verlies aan<br />
biologiese besLilrbaarheid teenoor <strong>die</strong> algemene begrip <strong>van</strong> granule<br />
maturaS;e <strong>van</strong>af 'n jong of onvdwasse granuul tot 'n donker/ryp granud.<br />
HIPERTENSIR OBDER DIE SWAE(T BEVOLKIHG VAH QWAQWA<br />
WF Mollentze, A Moore, GM Oosthuizen, K Steyn*,<br />
G Joubert#, RF Steyn, DJV Weich. Deptartemente<br />
Interne Geneeskunde, #Gemeenskapsgesondheid,<br />
UOVS en *MNR<br />
Die <strong>Vrystaat</strong>se Risikofaktorstu<strong>die</strong> (VRISK) is <strong>van</strong><br />
stapel gestuur om <strong>die</strong> prevalensie <strong>van</strong><br />
hipertensie en ander KVS risikofaktore in 'n<br />
deels landelike (Qwaqwa) en stedelike gebied<br />
(Mangaung ) te bepaal en te verge1 yk . Kenmerke<br />
<strong>van</strong> hipertensie onder <strong>die</strong> swart inwoners <strong>van</strong><br />
Qwaqwa sal bespreek word. Na ewekansige<br />
steekproefneming is 853 respondente <strong>van</strong> 25 jaar<br />
en ouer ondersoek. 'n Standaard 75g orale<br />
glukosebeladingsproef is ook uitgevoer.<br />
Relatiewe risiko is bereken m.b.v. <strong>die</strong> Mantel-<br />
Haenszel statistiese metode.<br />
Hipertensie was teenwoordig by 29.2% <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
bevolking (34.5% vroue en 22.1% mans )<br />
Hipertensie was in alle ouderdomskategorie meer<br />
algemeen onder vroue as mans behalwe in <strong>die</strong><br />
kategorie 25 - 34jr. Na aanpassing vir<br />
liggaamsmassa- indeks was hipertensie egter meer<br />
algemeen onder jonger mans as vroue en onder<br />
ouer vroue as mans. Sistoliese bloeddruk het<br />
skerp toegeneem met ouderdom by beide geslagte<br />
i.t.m. diastoliese bloeddruk wat gering<br />
toegeneem het. Ernstige gePsoleerde sistoliese<br />
hipertensie (>l60 mmHg) was teenwoordig by 8%<br />
<strong>van</strong> vroue en 6.3% <strong>van</strong> mans en het veral<br />
vwrgekom in <strong>die</strong> 55 jr en ouer groep. Korreksie<br />
vir armomtrek het weinig invloed op <strong>die</strong><br />
prevalensie <strong>van</strong> hipertensie gehad. Slegs 30% <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> behandelde hipertensiewe groep se<br />
hipertensie was onder beheer. Die relatiewe<br />
risiko (RR) <strong>van</strong> hipertensie by oormassa persone<br />
(liggaamsmassa-indeks 225) i.v.m. nie-oormassa<br />
persone was 1.7 (95% V1 1.4 - 2.1). Die<br />
relatiewe risiko <strong>van</strong> abnormale glukosetoleransie<br />
by behandelde hipertensielyers i.v.m.<br />
onbehandelde hipertensielyers was 2.2 (95% V1<br />
1.5 - 3.3). Die prevalensie <strong>van</strong> hipertensie<br />
onder hier<strong>die</strong> groep swartes is <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> hoogste<br />
in Suid Afrika.<br />
DIE INVLOED VAN BAY U 3405, 'U TROMBOJCSAAN A2-<br />
ANTAGONIS, OP PLAATJIE-TROMBUSVORMING EN<br />
PLAATJIE-OMSET IN 'n VARS TROMBUS<br />
HF KoM, V <strong>van</strong> Wyk, JP Roodt, K Alexander, PN T Bade orst. Departement Hematologie, U.O.V.S., Bloemfontein.<br />
Tromboksaan A2 (TxA2), 'n sterk plaatjie-agonis, word deur<br />
geaktiveerde plaatjies gevorm en vrygestel. hhi'bisie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
funksies <strong>van</strong> TxA2 is dus 'n moontlike meganisme om plaatjietrombusvorming<br />
(arteriele trombose) te inhiir. Bay U3405<br />
kompeteer direk met TxA2 vir sy reseptor op <strong>die</strong> plaatjiemembraan<br />
Die doel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was dus om, in 'n bobbejaan-model <strong>van</strong> akute<br />
in vivo troe, te bepaal of sistemiese behandeling met di6 middel<br />
trombose kan inhiker. Agt bobbejane, wat as hulle eie kontroles<br />
ge<strong>die</strong>n het, is gebruik. Om <strong>die</strong> moontlike antitrombotiese effek <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> middel te ondersoek, is 'n sintillasie-kamera gebniik om <strong>die</strong><br />
akkumulasie <strong>van</strong> l%-gemerkte plaatjies op 'n Dacron vaskulere<br />
prostese (0,5 cm? te meet Die prostese, in 'n *on rubberbuis (4<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7DEC 1991 599<br />
mm id) ingebou, is dan as 'n verlengstuk in 'n permanente femorale<br />
arteriweneuse fistel geplaas. Plaatjie-omset in 'n vars trombus is<br />
gemeet dew 'n prostese in 'n bobbejaan waar<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> plaatjies nie 4 'X<br />
met UIIn gemerk is nie, te plaas. Na 'n uur is <strong>die</strong> prostese met <strong>die</strong><br />
"koue" trombuh in 'U bobbejaan waar<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> plaatjies gemerk is, L- -<br />
geph m e <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> gemerkte plaatjies in <strong>die</strong> trombus is<br />
dan gemeet. Behandehg met Bay U3405 (plasma komentrasie =<br />
3OOng/ml) het geen iuvloed op <strong>die</strong> stoIlingsmeganisme gehad nie;<br />
trombien tyd, protrombien tyd en geaktiveerde gedeeltelike<br />
tromboplastien tyd was onveranderd (gepaarde. t-toets).<br />
Trombusvorming op <strong>die</strong> prostese was ge-*her. In Ine kontrole<br />
stu<strong>die</strong>s was daar na 2 uur 3.05+0,55 X 19 plaatjies op <strong>die</strong> prostese<br />
neergelk. Met behandeling was <strong>die</strong> ooreenstemmende waarde,<br />
2,23?0,24 X 19, betekenisvol laer @
1 Dept Interne Geneeskunde 2 Dept Neurologie<br />
3 Dept Algem~e, Chirurgie, Bill Venter<br />
~askul&re Eenheid.<br />
<strong>Vrystaat</strong>, Bloemforktein.<br />
<strong>Universiteit</strong> Oran je<br />
Aterosklerose <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> ekstrakraniale<br />
bloedvate is geassosieer met <strong>die</strong> -<br />
rookgewoonte, maar sover ons kennis strek is<br />
dit nog nie tevore aangetoon dmv Duplex-<br />
Doppler dat daar 'n verskil bestaan tussen<br />
rokers en nie-rokers tov <strong>die</strong> graad <strong>van</strong><br />
aantasting nie.<br />
mintig blanke nie-rokende en twintig rokende<br />
gesonde manlike vrywilligers tussen 25 en 35<br />
jaar sonder hipertensie is ondersoek.<br />
Risikofaktore i: vergelyk.<br />
Veertig persent (8120 ) nie-rokers het v r d<br />
ateroom gehad. Dit verskil betekenisv~l <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> rokers wie 709 (14120) vr& ateroom<br />
gehaa het. Aterosklerose was meer dikwels<br />
bilateraal by rokers en unilateraal by nie-<br />
rokers. Ernstige letsels soos ulserasie of '<br />
betekenisvolle stenose het nie by een <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
twee groepe voorgekom nie.<br />
Dit km voor asof <strong>die</strong> rookgewoonte<br />
predisponeer tot v r d aterosklerose by jong<br />
mans soos demonstreer deur Duplex-Doppler.<br />
Dit mag implikasies hs wat <strong>die</strong> etiologie <strong>van</strong><br />
beroertes in jong volwassenes betref, sowel<br />
as in bejaardes.<br />
SJ <strong>van</strong> Rensbmg', SJ Serfontein, J Dreyer, J Diederieks, J Hough, SV<br />
p-<br />
Departement Anestehbgk en kardiotaralrschinngie, UOVS.<br />
-'<br />
D;e<br />
opbrwg lran verhoog word op bosaasfoto dem 'n<br />
trau~~~<strong>van</strong>'nnaFogbstriesebukte~umr<strong>die</strong>borsLasplaat<br />
geneemmud. Hk<strong>die</strong>tekenwordtansoltderbenut<br />
Die~budrasis'ngoedlroopenbetrollbareondesoelr~te<br />
bepaal d daar ndkjhak bbed teemrroordig is of nie. Dit is belangriL<br />
rmtebesefdat<strong>die</strong>besluyfde~ophtlllceie~isensaam<br />
gesienbehmrttewtrd 'nVoonr&&in<strong>die</strong>~h;mtering<strong>van</strong><br />
W+kAf.laglring-<br />
p&ntewatiabaiegew&~anderbeseringshet Diebuaasfoto<br />
is'nm&Ekm=kqgbq~mdasoeLaret~~<br />
aattap&we~behoatoadasoekeamd<br />
EFFEK VAN APROTMIEN OP BUEDSIOLL.ING NA KARDIALE<br />
CEIIIlURGIE
%I VEBGELYKING TUSSEN DIE MAAGDEURGANG VAN<br />
VEBSKKLEMlE SUBSPANSE<br />
SAW VOL (W 7 DEC I991 6Ol<br />
RESUCTAA'E<br />
Die gemiddelde l (f 1 standaardafwyking)m: am-<br />
54 minute (-c 24 mnrute lemoemap - l uur 33 minute (k 26<br />
minute), aqelpg - l usm 45 &ute (f 32 minute), oolk - 2 urn 39<br />
minute (a 2 mulute) en <strong>die</strong> ligte ontbyt - 3 uur en 6 minute (+ 42<br />
minute).<br />
Daar was geen beduideneje vesldl ~ t n<br />
appelen<br />
lemmmp nie, roaarroaar daat tussen <strong>die</strong><br />
kQ&stp <strong>van</strong> ai <strong>die</strong> ander stowwe (p < 0,05).<br />
PRODUCTION OFA MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY<br />
AGAINST Tome SHOCK -ROME TOXIN-1<br />
(TSST-1)<br />
~~~truwi~l L El3 Dowdle2 PL Bothal<br />
'Department of Medical Microbiology, UOFS<br />
2~epartment of Qinical Science and Immunology, UCT<br />
Toxic shock syndrome ('ES) is a severe illness affecting<br />
mainly young menstruating females. It presents with a<br />
sudden onset of diverse symptoms and signs, including shock<br />
and multisystem involvement. The major causative agent of<br />
the disease is toxic shock syndrome toxin-l (TSST-l)<br />
produced by 30% of all clinical isolates of Stuphylococcus<br />
aureus.<br />
P<br />
The aim of this study was to roduce a monodonal antibody<br />
against TSST-1 and to app y the antibody in an enzyme<br />
linked immunosorbent assay (=SA) developed' for<br />
detection d the toxin.<br />
TSST-1 was purified from culture supematant by ethanol<br />
precipitation and ion exchange chromtoj$raphy. Balb/c<br />
mice were immmised with the toxin. AnQbody producing<br />
hybridomas were developed by fusing mouse spleen<br />
lymphocytes and Sp2/0 myelorna cells with addition of<br />
polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the cell suspe11sion. A<br />
standard EUSA technique was developed for screening of<br />
hybridoma cultures for anti-TSST-l antibo<strong>die</strong>s, and also for<br />
detection of TSST-1 production by clinical isolates of<br />
Swells<br />
A total of 1% clones developed from two fusion procedures.<br />
Ten of these clones were anti-TSST-l producers. One<br />
positive clone was selected for subclonin by limiting<br />
d<br />
dilution, resulting in five anti-TSST-l pr ucing clones.<br />
Forty persent of S. mrem clinical isolates examined in this<br />
study produced TSST-1.<br />
Although the diagnosis of.TSS is made mainly on the<br />
clinical evaluation of the patient, the use of a monoclonal<br />
antibody against the toxin my have diagnostic v ah~
SURGICAL GLOW POWDER AND<br />
INTRAPERITOm ADHESION<br />
mmanoN: AN APPEAL FOR THJI USE OF<br />
POWDER-FREE SURGICAI. GLOVES.<br />
W J -fe5l, E V W ~rste', 3 T and<br />
J I de Wet<br />
'Unit fix Human Reproduction, Department<br />
of obstetrics *+- and Gynaecolos~<br />
University . of the Orange Free State an;<br />
piversitas Hospital, Bloe&ontein, 9300,<br />
Department of Biostatistics, University<br />
of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein,<br />
9300.<br />
Intraperitoneal adhesipn formation is a<br />
major cause of infertility. There are<br />
many well-known aetiological factors<br />
responsible for peritonea1 *nflasrmatory<br />
reaction. One of these is mgical glove<br />
powder; for example cornstarch powder, -A<br />
study was undertaken .on 30 rats, under<br />
laboratory co&tions randodzed into<br />
two groups. Laparotoaaies were performed<br />
on all the rats and tram inflicted to<br />
the right uterine horn. The study ~ rwp<br />
received cornstarch powder suspended in .<br />
normal physiologic salt solution<br />
intraperitoneally, and the control group<br />
received only normal physiologic salt<br />
solution. Peritonea1 adhesions were<br />
evaluated after two weeks* and<br />
statistically analyzed with a t-test and<br />
95% confidence intervals. The study group<br />
showed a statistical significantly<br />
higher incidence of inkperitonea1<br />
adhesions (p = 0,0003). It is concluded<br />
that cornstarch, as used on surgical<br />
gloves, caused peritoneal adhesions and<br />
should therefore be removed before<br />
surgery. Powder-free gloves are .mare<br />
suitable to prevent adhesion formation.
KOVAt5NTE MODIFigASIE VAN<br />
PLAATJlEMEMBRAANPRo'miENEDEUBVETSURE<br />
Die kovalente binding <strong>van</strong> vetsure aan proteiene staaa bekend as<br />
proreienasiUering. Hier<strong>die</strong> aanhegting <strong>van</strong> vetsure am pmteIene slryn <strong>van</strong><br />
groot beLaag te wees vir <strong>die</strong> spesifieke funk& <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> proteien. So<br />
bywoheeld speel proteienasiIlering'n groot rolby <strong>die</strong> interalrsie <strong>van</strong><br />
proteiene met <strong>die</strong> hidrofob'i gedeek <strong>van</strong> selmembrane. Dit kan ook<br />
'n rol speel by <strong>die</strong> Mshegting pan proteiene ay (4ie lipieabilaag <strong>van</strong><br />
selmembraue. Daar is ook al aaagetoon dat <strong>die</strong> bmdmg <strong>van</strong> vetsure aan<br />
prote-iene, scruldmele veraaderiage m <strong>die</strong> proteien kan veroarsaal, wat<br />
nuwe proteien-proteieninteraLsies tot gevdg het Die stntktunr en<br />
funksie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> meeste plaatjieglikoproteiene is al volledig bestudeer. Die<br />
struldam en rol <strong>van</strong> glikolipiede in <strong>die</strong> plaatjiimbraan is ook al<br />
ondersoek, maar <strong>die</strong> rol en indoed <strong>van</strong> protebnaSiner;Pp by plaatjiks is<br />
nog nie ondersoek me.<br />
Die nie-kovalent gebande lipiede <strong>van</strong> 'n gewasde plaatjiesuspensie is met<br />
behulp <strong>van</strong> chlorofom/metaaol @kstraheer. Die oorblywende<br />
plaatjiesit&let is met alkaliese metanol behandel om al <strong>die</strong> 0- en S-<br />
esterbii te breek. Die my vetsure so verkry, is met behulp <strong>van</strong><br />
heksaan g&kstraheer, waarna dit gemetileer en geanaliseer is met behulp<br />
<strong>van</strong> 'n gdschromatograaf.<br />
Die resultate het getoon dat beide versadigde en onversadigde vetsure<br />
Went gekoppeI is am <strong>die</strong> membrane <strong>van</strong> normale plaatjies. Die<br />
versadigde vetsure bestaan uit cl6 Ca. en C,& met<br />
P almitiensuur(G& as <strong>die</strong> hoofkomponent &r<strong>die</strong> bevinding is deels in<br />
001eenstemmiog met wat by ander selle gevind is, alhoewel daar voorheen<br />
nog geen melding gemaak is mu <strong>die</strong> teenwoodigheid <strong>van</strong> CZ(H) nie. Die<br />
grootste konsentrasie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> kovalent gekoppelde vetsure bestaan egter<br />
vetsuur asilleringspatroon <strong>van</strong> ongealdiveerde normalt: plaatjies bekend is,<br />
kan <strong>die</strong> rol <strong>van</strong> asiUering en deasilleriag by plaatjieaktivek sowel as by<br />
sekere siektetoestande ondersoek word.<br />
ONOORDEELKUNDlGE AANVBAAG VAN LABORATORIUM<br />
ONDERSOEKE: DIE FINANSELE -IES VIR DIE PASENT<br />
F1 ~erbst: N Kuyl, HJ <strong>van</strong> Wyk<br />
Departement Chemiese Patoaopie, Unkmiteit <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong>.<br />
Die algemene gevoel besaan dat me<strong>die</strong>se kostes te hoog is. Laboratorium koste<br />
vorm 'n bekngrike onderdeel hiervao. Ons het probeer Mstel of ons 24-uur<br />
Chemiese Patologie <strong>die</strong>ns omordeelirundig gebruik word, en het besluit om as<br />
loodsl<strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong> pureum aanmaag patroon te ondeMeL. P& in <strong>die</strong> 6<br />
intensiearesorg eenhede <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> akademiese bspitale op wie meer as M wenm<br />
bepaliags gedorende <strong>die</strong> tydperk September 1990 - Junie 1991 gedoen is, is met<br />
behdp <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> hospitaalekenaa~ geseleldeereer (Die totale aantal ureumbe*<br />
vir bier<strong>die</strong> tydperk was 15 054). Ui <strong>die</strong> 43 &nte was daar 29 wat 'n duidelilre<br />
be& <strong>van</strong> nieNersakiDg gehad het of dit wtwikkel h&, en h& is weggelaat nit <strong>die</strong><br />
ondersoek. Diedata vir <strong>die</strong> orige 14 was as v& Die gemiddelde tydperk aaamor<br />
<strong>die</strong> aanwae per pas&& ont<strong>van</strong>g is was 26 dae (17 - 46 dae.) Van <strong>die</strong> aanwae is<br />
Mgeveer 76% (XI - 85%) m-unrs oat<strong>van</strong>g. Volgens me<strong>die</strong>sefonds yoordek skaal is<br />
<strong>die</strong> fooi vir 'n puremu R7,40 gednrende nonude me en Rll,lO M-we (18hM -<br />
08h00 weeksdae en naweke). In<strong>die</strong>n hier<strong>die</strong> pasiEnte vir hier<strong>die</strong> ondersoek SW<br />
moes beta& mat waadydk binne <strong>die</strong> afsienbare toekoms gaan gebeur, sou dit<br />
beteken dat dit h& of hul me<strong>die</strong>se fondse gemiddeld R82S,30 aan<br />
urembqd+ alleen sou &a het (R55870 - R-). Die<br />
word gemaak dat met 'n meer oorddhmdige bennttiog <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> &ens em 'n<br />
verandetiq in -0011 'n aRsenliLe Lkqmbg ten o&e <strong>van</strong><br />
ure~en~vaarslrpl'iauderbepal&&vir<strong>die</strong>~dsal<br />
WeeS<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL BO 7 DEC 1k1 603<br />
'W STATISTIESE ONTLEDIW VAN ~TOELATIWGS<br />
E J Theron<br />
\<br />
Departement Chirurgie : Trauma, Fakul teit Geneeskunde,<br />
<strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong>, Bloemfontein<br />
Soos by alle traumasentra in <strong>die</strong> R.S.A. is <strong>die</strong> opnametal<br />
<strong>van</strong> beseerdes in <strong>die</strong> Trauma Eenheid te Pelonomi Hospitaal<br />
besig orn te styg met gemiddeld 30% per jaar. Statistiese<br />
ontleding <strong>van</strong> 4 220 opnames oor 27 maande is uitgevoer met<br />
<strong>die</strong> doe1 om 'n wye profiel <strong>van</strong> trauma te verkry wat 'n<br />
sterk invloed sou kon uitoefen op tramhantering en<br />
oorhoofse bedeling. Die geslagsverhouding was H:V 3,7:1,<br />
terwyl <strong>die</strong> getal swart, kleuring en asi& pasiente 3 197,<br />
1 012 en 11 respektiewel ik was. Die ouderdomsgroep 20-30<br />
jaar het 35% (1 471) <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> totaal uitgeinaak, terwyl<br />
aanrandings (2 768), ~lotorvoertuigongelukke (646) en<br />
voetgangers (131) respektiewel i k 65,8%, 15,3% en 3,1% <strong>van</strong><br />
a1 le beseerdes uitgemaak het. Penetrerende<br />
borskasbeserings (834) waar<strong>van</strong> 117 bilateraal was, het 1<br />
079 interkostale dreinasiebuise benodig en het 19.8% <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> totaal uitgemaak, terwyl borskastrauma met ribfrakture<br />
gevind is in 98 gevalle (2,3%). Van <strong>die</strong> 309 neksteekwonde<br />
was 208 (67%) aan <strong>die</strong> linkerkant en 39 bilateraal.<br />
Radiologiese ondersoeke het 3 878 borskas, 128 urograme,<br />
57 arteriogranme en 228 rekenaartomogramne ingesluit.<br />
Daar was 950 ortope<strong>die</strong>se geval le wat pelvisfrakture (84),<br />
werwelbeserings (120) en 31 rugmurgbeserings ingesluit<br />
het. Die chirurge, neurochirurge en plastiese chirurge is<br />
in 938, 502 en 66 gevalle onderskeidelik betrek. Die<br />
meerderheid <strong>van</strong> pasiiinte (53%) het tussen 2 en 6 dae in<br />
<strong>die</strong> Traumasaal vertoef, en 85,6% was meer as 2 dae in <strong>die</strong><br />
saal. Heer as 74% <strong>van</strong> toelatings tot trauma het tussen<br />
Vrydagoggend en Haandagaand p1 aasgevind, wat <strong>die</strong> waar l as<br />
op <strong>die</strong> trauna<strong>die</strong>ns oor naweke weereens bevestig. Hier<strong>die</strong><br />
statistiek is belangri k in <strong>die</strong> organisasie, beplanning en<br />
rnannekragaanwending in 'n hospi taalopset soos Pelonomi .
dl4 <strong>SAMJ</strong> V01 80 7 DES 1991<br />
DIE ASHAPOHP - HOE VAAR DIE OOKTER ?<br />
Dr-Kriegler le Roux: HBCh B(UP), Dip PNS(SA).<br />
Inleidinq:<br />
Die hipotese: '<strong>die</strong> pasiiint faal in sy aiirosolpomptegniek,<br />
olsdat sy dokter self nie <strong>die</strong> pomp kan gebruik of horn nie<br />
na behore onderrig nie'.<br />
Iletode:<br />
26 Geneeshere se pomptegniek is prakties evalueer volgens<br />
8 stappe (aanbevelings <strong>van</strong> pompvoubiljette). Die drie<br />
essensiiile stappe is: 1) rustige inspirasie; 2) vroeg<br />
sneller <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> pomp en inspirasie voltooi en 3) asemophou<br />
na inspirasie vir +/- 10 sekondes. Slaaqount: <strong>die</strong> 3<br />
essensiiile stappe korrek demonstreer. Volounte: a1 8<br />
staooe korrek demonstreer .<br />
~esG tate:<br />
Slaagpunt: 38,5%, Volpunte: 19.2%. Alg. foute: geen<br />
wagtyd = 22%; geen asemophou = 19%; pomp nie skud = 16%;<br />
foutiewe insoirasie = 14%; foutiewe snellerko6rdinasie =<br />
9%. 88.5% gee mond. instruksies; 53.9% gee praktiese<br />
demonstrasies; 11,5%: geen onderrig. 26,9% weet <strong>van</strong><br />
plasebopompe, nieraand het sy eie nie. 88% was seker hul<br />
kan hul pompe korrek gebruik, maar 55% <strong>van</strong> hulle het<br />
uedruip.<br />
Besorekin :<br />
Die swak \laagsyfer is agv: 1) 'n gebrekkige voorgraadse<br />
opleiding, 2) dokters wat naTaat om hul <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> korrekte<br />
tegniek te vergewis en 3) dokters wat nie praktiese<br />
dernonstrasies gee nie, - kan nie <strong>die</strong> foute in hul eie<br />
teuniek raaksien en korriueer nie.<br />
~a;;bevel inas:<br />
1) Me<strong>die</strong>se fakulteite met studente onderrig en evalueyr<br />
in 'n eenvoudige en praktiese pomptegniek asook in n<br />
oraktiese oasiiint-onderriqlnetode. 2) Me<strong>die</strong>se<br />
verteenwoordigers moet p1 asebipompe bekendstel , voorsien<br />
en <strong>die</strong> gebruik daar<strong>van</strong> aanmoedig. 3) Dokters moet hulself<br />
inoefen tot 'n korrekte pompdemonstrasie.<br />
Bogenoemde maatreels behoort dokters se vaardigheid en<br />
betrokkenheid, pasiiinte se pomptegniek en siektebeheer te<br />
verbeter. '<br />
THE ORAL GLXJCCXSE AND SElM MlLK INSULIN RESPONSES IN NORMAL<br />
sUBJECls<br />
C.M. Dickens*, M. Skbber (Dept D&&cs, UOFS) and KC. Barnard (Dept.<br />
Chemical Pathdogy, UOFS)<br />
Hyperiasnlinemia has been shvn to be a primary risk facko/h the development<br />
of NZWM and monary artery disease. The ability to modulate postprandial<br />
may lead to more effective <strong>die</strong>tary management amom<br />
insnlin F by<br />
bp=-' dptssochas theobesepopnlatiw.Asonndkmwiedgeofthe<br />
insnlinrespameinnormalsnbjeetstofommonlyusedfoodssuchasskimmilkis<br />
needed for this to be achieved Sucb information muld contribute to the<br />
development of an imulin inde.x wbid~ may have some therapeutic utility in<br />
. ,. amon@ non-diabetic subjects. The minitnizing*<br />
insulin respo~~ to shm milk has pre%iody been documented to be up to iive times higher than the<br />
respanse to oral glucose m the NIDDM popolation<br />
Inthisstudythesenrmimulinand~~to5i)gfarbohydrateinthe<br />
Form of oral &cme and skim milk were both determmed in eigbt normal subjects.<br />
FastiugMoodsamplesareredrawnatqXl,60,~ 180,240and300minutesafter<br />
ingesha ofthe test food io all the subjeds.<br />
c ) o ' n ~ t C k l y v a u d i c ~ ~ ~ ~ m c e a r t c<br />
pmtmmtanbcsiodiqs6nqrfhtcguid~nL:(a)Gecakhkac<br />
~dpatarortcm~oirdicklinicscbcJdnic.@)Gtcnkhkac<br />
is (lemoat nic, d dit 4 heelemnl <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> pat narmr<br />
(c) Kliaiesc diagwse cnpt mmtm bmidujp stem gedeelteliL<br />
maar maja pardogie is lrtinks oor <strong>die</strong> bmf gesk (cl) Die major<br />
Lliniese~en<strong>die</strong>~postmortem~stemooreea(e)<br />
DiemajorLlieiesc~dminorbRliadiagestemmreenmet<strong>die</strong>pmt<br />
martenrbe+d&<br />
E P Branca, U J du Preez.<br />
Dept Neurochirurgie, UOVS<br />
Ons het opgemerk dat 'n groot aantal <strong>van</strong> ons meningioom<br />
pasi&te voordoen met visuele simptome. Die aantal<br />
pasikte wat blind by ans opgedaag het was ontstellend en<br />
daar was dikwels 'n vertraging <strong>van</strong> etlike maande voor<br />
diagnose. Daar is verskeie publikasies wat handel oor<br />
visie inkorting agv meningiome in <strong>die</strong> parasellsre gebied,<br />
maar geen stu<strong>die</strong>s oor <strong>die</strong> voorkoms <strong>van</strong> visuele simptome by<br />
meningiome in <strong>die</strong> algemeen by swart pasiEnte nie.<br />
Die getikte verslae en radiologiese ondersoeke <strong>van</strong> alle<br />
pasikte met meningiome wat deur <strong>die</strong> Dept Neurochiwgle<br />
in <strong>die</strong> drie opleidings hospitale <strong>van</strong>af 1977 - 1989 hanteer<br />
is, is retrospektief nagegaan. Sedert Januarie 1990 word<br />
alle pasiEnte met meningiome prospektief ondersoek. Die<br />
ras insidensie, simptome en tekens, operasie verslae en<br />
histologie is bestudeer. Die grpotte, aard en posisie v?<br />
<strong>die</strong> tumore is vasgestel deur <strong>die</strong> RT ondersoeke en serebrate<br />
anglogramme te bestudeer. Opvolg verslae is nagegaan om<br />
<strong>die</strong> postoperatiewe uitkoms vas te stel.<br />
'n Totaal <strong>van</strong> 100 pasiEnte is nagegaan, daar was-30 blanke<br />
- en 70 swart pasihte. Die ouderdom's verspreiding was<br />
baie interessant aangesien <strong>die</strong> swart pasiEnt gemiddeld 13<br />
jaar jonger was as <strong>die</strong> blanke pasiEnt. Ons gemiddelde<br />
ouderdom vir <strong>die</strong> blanke pasiht <strong>van</strong> 56 jaar stem ooreen<br />
met publikasies uit <strong>die</strong> buiteland.<br />
Heer as 70% <strong>van</strong> pasiente het visuele simptome =/of tekens<br />
gehad met opname. 15 pasihte was reeds bilateraal blind<br />
met opname, 8 pasikte was blind-in een oog. 'n Verdere 36<br />
pasikte het afname in gesigskerpte gehad in een of bide<br />
oe. Papiledeem was aanwesig in 30 pasikte en 38 pasiente<br />
het reeds optiese atrofie gehad.<br />
Om visie te bewaar met pasihte betyds opereer word,<br />
belangrik dus om 'n meningiwm in <strong>die</strong> differensiele<br />
diagnose <strong>van</strong> visie afname te wrweeg. Daar word afgelei<br />
dat meningiome in- swart pasikte 'n meer aggresiewe<br />
groeipatroon volg aangesien hul op 'n veel jonger ouderdom<br />
met groter tumore voordoen.
Zy-7&M<br />
- ~ntda6~,<br />
U- pm <strong>die</strong> orpsie-VlySbat,<br />
Posk 339 (63).<br />
DIE EFFEK VAN mpIKAlE =A-BUXKEBS OP DIE LIGGAAM,<br />
ASOOK DIE UWERAKSIES BIERVAN MET SISICMIESE ALFA-<br />
slTMmmm<br />
W DE BRUIN. DEPF 0FfALblOUW;IE UOVS<br />
F0 MiilmR, M VAN DYK, HG m!L<br />
DEPF FAMAgOLQGIE UOVS BLOEMFONIEM<br />
. .n Enkelbbde, padmkde shuiie is op l2 man&. vryariuigers<br />
uitgevoer. Die shuiie het uit 'n Morlopersta<strong>die</strong> asook 4 fases bestaan.<br />
Tydens <strong>die</strong> vwrlopersru<strong>die</strong> is bevind dat <strong>die</strong> topikale betaMokLers, betdol<br />
en timolol, <strong>die</strong> W S vL 5 dae nadat <strong>die</strong> middels gestaaL is, steeds<br />
betekeaisvd be-lmrloed<br />
ME ONTWIKKJELING EN BEDRYF VAN DIE<br />
BLOEMFONTEIN KINDFmNLEGTINGSENTRUM<br />
D C Nienkemper<br />
Kinderinlipipgsentrum<br />
Dept. Pedntrie en Kindergesondheid, U.O.V.S.<br />
Die Bloemfontein Kinderinligtingsentrum (B-KIS.) is<br />
gesetel in <strong>die</strong> Departement Pediatrie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Fakulteit<br />
Geneeskunde <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong><br />
en funksioaeer as 'n onafhanklike eenheid binne <strong>die</strong><br />
departement en <strong>die</strong> <strong>Universiteit</strong>. Dit is 'n gratis <strong>die</strong>ns aan<br />
<strong>die</strong> Gemeenskap wat <strong>van</strong>& Augustus 1985 dew 'n<br />
arbeidsterapeut bedryf word.<br />
Die doel <strong>van</strong> hier<strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> behoeftes <strong>van</strong><br />
ouers te bepaal, met betrekking tot: Die ti behoeftes,<br />
asmk hoe sodanige behoeftes deur <strong>die</strong> B. E S. bevredig<br />
word<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7 DEC 1991 605<br />
Op 'n prospektiewe wyse is 145 persone <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> O.V.S. en<br />
NXaapstreek wat <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong>nste gebruik maak, in <strong>die</strong><br />
stu<strong>die</strong> ingesluit. Onderhoude is gevoer, waartydens 'n<br />
vraelys ingevul is.<br />
Daar is bevind dat 48% <strong>van</strong> ouers prim& <strong>die</strong> sentrum<br />
besoek om kundige raadgewing en inligting ten opsigte <strong>van</strong><br />
hul kmd/ers se my1 adontwikkeling te bekom. Verder is<br />
bevind dat 993% mr <strong>die</strong> kmd se spelontwikkeling<br />
en spelgewmntes ver het.<br />
Die gevolgtre y wat gemaak is, was dat alle<br />
respondente tie mr, en tevrede met, <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong>nste was<br />
wat by <strong>die</strong> BE gelewer word.<br />
Die afleiding kan dus gemaak word dat <strong>die</strong> B.KIS. 'n<br />
belangrike Gernee11~kapsondersteunings<strong>die</strong>ns is en in <strong>die</strong><br />
toekob <strong>van</strong> groot waaide kan wee vir verbruikers.<br />
'N PROFIEL VAN SKIrmMiDE BY TRAW<br />
E J Theron<br />
Departement Chirurgie : Trauma, Fakulteit Geneeskunde,<br />
Universitei t <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong>, Bloemfontein.<br />
Die voorkorns <strong>van</strong> skietwonde het dramaties toegeneem in <strong>die</strong><br />
R.S.A. Hier<strong>die</strong> retrospektiewe stu<strong>die</strong> is uitgevoer net <strong>die</strong><br />
doel orn <strong>die</strong> insidensie, tendens, tipe en graad <strong>van</strong><br />
skietwondbeserings in <strong>die</strong> Tramasaal te Pelonomi Hospitaal<br />
te bepaal. Die rekords <strong>van</strong> 407 pasiente met skietwonte<br />
opgeneem in <strong>die</strong> Trauma Eenheid,, Pelonomi Hospitaal oor n<br />
3 jaar periode, is nagegaan. n Groep <strong>van</strong> 112 gevalle wat<br />
deur <strong>die</strong> Departement Chirurgie geopereer is, is in<br />
besonder bestudeer. Geslagsinsidensie was H:V : 88:24,<br />
en <strong>die</strong> koeelgeweer : haelgeweer verhouding was 84:28. Die<br />
buik was betrek deur <strong>die</strong> missiele in 65 gevalle (58%) en<br />
almal is aan laparotomie onderwerp. Organe beseer was<br />
kolon (29), dundem (26), duodenm (4), maag (12), lewer<br />
(19), pankreas (2) en niere (3). Van belang was 5 gevalle<br />
waar laparotomie negatief was (3 koeel- en 2<br />
haelgeweerwonde) . Arteriele beserings het in 17 gevalle<br />
voorgekom waar<strong>van</strong> 5 deur haelgeweer veroorsaak is. Rug-<br />
en gluteusingangsvonde het in 9 uit <strong>die</strong> 10 gevalle we1<br />
bui kviskus beserings tot gevolg gehad. Agt (8) skietwonde<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> nek is almal volgens protokol ge-eksploreer en in<br />
7 gevalle is belangrike beserings herstel (3 vaskuler en 4<br />
holorgaan beserings). Hier<strong>die</strong> statistiese bevindings sal<br />
'n belangrike bydrae lewer om <strong>die</strong> besluitnming t.0.v. <strong>die</strong><br />
hantering <strong>van</strong> veral buik-, nek- en rugskietwonde aan te<br />
pas.<br />
PLBSMA LlPIDS AND HAEMOSFATIC AtXlWTY CHANGES IN<br />
OBESE SUBWTS DURING A SHORT TERM VERY UIW<br />
KlLoJouLxDiET<br />
M * HC Bamard, JM Kuyl, CJ ~adenhorst*.<br />
Department of ~ietetics* and Chemical Pathology, University of the<br />
Orange Free State, m and and llnstihrte Jf Nutritional<br />
Sciences, ~yserber~**, Sollth Pjrica<br />
Obesity is a we#-recognised risk for cardbwacuk disease (CVD).<br />
Weight reduction might decrease this spdk risk with possible effects<br />
on the ather risk kzctors for CVD, La total chdesterd W), HDL, and<br />
coagulation factors. We i- the effect d a shoi &m very low<br />
kUojule <strong>die</strong>t on these parameters In obese subjeds<br />
Nine obese adrrlt wbja%s (BM: 33225.0 kg/m2 with age: 40~6.5<br />
m) were placed on a l7OOkJ /day <strong>die</strong>t for 3 days fobwed by 3000<br />
W/dayfor4daya Bbodwassampledatthe be- (dayo), and<br />
days1,2,3, and7dtheshrdyshrdyEachmplewasanalysedforTC,<br />
HDL triglycerides, thyroid hormonsa tikinogen and factor WI.
606 S W VOL 80 7 DES 1991<br />
THE SERO-PREVALENCE OF ANTIBODIES<br />
AGAINST HEPATITIS C VIRUS AMONG HIGH-RISK<br />
INDIVIDUALS IN THE ORANGE FREE STATE<br />
E. <strong>van</strong> der R t*; H.M.M. Visagie; MA Cooper<br />
Department of Y\f:irology, UOFS, Bloemfontein, 9300<br />
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is unanimousl~ recognized as the<br />
most important cause of st-transfusion hepatitis. ,The<br />
sero- revalence of ant.i-%v varies from 0.5-f.5%<br />
worlkde. A number of cases have recently been<br />
diagnosed in South-Africa. Multitransfused patients are<br />
the major risk group for this disease.<br />
AIM OF STUDY : A pilot study was undertaken to<br />
determine the sero revalence of anti-HCV among high-risk<br />
individuals in the ~FS. The reason for this study was to<br />
determine whether routine testing for HCV should be<br />
implemented in this laboratory.<br />
PATIENTS AND METHODS : --five multitransfused<br />
atients were selected All of these atients received<br />
&mn 15 and W units of blood during 1190. The average<br />
was 25 units. The ages of the patients ran ed from 1 year<br />
to 82 years. Twenty-three patxents were bfa& and twelve<br />
white, while 14 were female and 21 male. The sera were<br />
tested for anti-HCV using a commercial EIA and<br />
' r '<br />
neutralisation test kit. -- - 2<br />
RESULTS : None of the sera were positive for anti-HCV.<br />
CONCLUSION : The revalence of HCV among high-risk<br />
individuals in the 0%~ is extremely low, and the<br />
revalence among the general populabon must therefo5e<br />
L similar.<br />
. *.<br />
DIE S- VMI SWARl' IPLIPS-PASI- ' T.O.V.<br />
lmmRmEPSIE<br />
J.D. Hortji*, E.G. Stem, L.J. Pienaar<br />
Departement Obstetric en Ginekologie, U.O.V.S.,<br />
Bloerfontein<br />
Die gebruik <strong>van</strong> kontrasepsie deur vroue in Suid-<br />
Mrika is heelwat minder as <strong>die</strong> voorgestelde<br />
norm <strong>van</strong> 75 % <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> W.G.O. Die siening <strong>van</strong><br />
vrouens se mans speel waarskynlik 'n belangrike<br />
rol in kontrasepsie gebruik.<br />
Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> siening <strong>van</strong><br />
swart manlike pasihte in Pelonami-hospitaal te<br />
bepaal. Die stu<strong>die</strong>-populasie het bestaanluit 50<br />
mans, tussen 15 en 50 jaar oud, wat oor n twee<br />
weke periode gedurende <strong>die</strong> eerste kwartaal <strong>van</strong><br />
1990 opgeneem was in <strong>die</strong> Ortope<strong>die</strong>se en Trauma<br />
sale. Vraelyste, opgestel in Afrikaans, Engels<br />
en Sotho is voltooi met <strong>die</strong> hulp <strong>van</strong> In tolk.<br />
Privaatheid is verseker. Die meerderheid mans<br />
was 26-30 jaar oud en 50 % was getroud. 'n<br />
Derde het sekondgre skoolopleiding ondergaan.<br />
Daar was 46 % wat nog geen kinders gehad het<br />
nie, 26 % 1-2 kinders, 24 % 3-5 kinders en 4 %<br />
meer as 5. Twee-derdes het in <strong>die</strong> stedelike<br />
omgewing gewoon. Twee-en-negentig persent het<br />
gev&L dat daar te veel mense in <strong>die</strong> wgreld is<br />
en 76 Z dat daar te veel mense in Suid-Afrika is<br />
(43 % <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> -p 26-30 jaar was cmseker).<br />
Twee-en-tagtig persent het geweet wat<br />
kontrasepsie is, maar slegs 50 % <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> 154%<br />
jariges. Die geval t.0.v. kontrasepsie was<br />
positief onder 96 % <strong>van</strong> getroudes en 80 % <strong>van</strong><br />
ongetroudes. Kontrasepsie is gebruik dew 72 %<br />
<strong>van</strong> getroude pare en 48 % <strong>van</strong> ongetroude pare.<br />
Slegs 4 % <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> mans (almal tussen 20 en 30)<br />
het self kondome gebruik.<br />
Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak &t <strong>die</strong><br />
bewustheid <strong>van</strong> kontrasepsie redelik go& is en<br />
<strong>die</strong> siening wr <strong>die</strong> algemeen positief is. Die<br />
benutting daar<strong>van</strong> is egter onbevredigend en klem<br />
behoort veral gels te word op inligting aan<br />
jongmense - w k aan <strong>die</strong> seuns.<br />
1 % X . .<br />
G<br />
-L- S=-<br />
, -
Die fiehRensie <strong>van</strong> SCU verkyy 7 met toenemcnde<br />
&& Daarbestaan'n-gfDamem<strong>die</strong>perJentasie<br />
puohdtrnJe met toenemende oadenbm. Daar bestaan 'U sta-<br />
7 . . toeaQne m <strong>die</strong> aantal b&r&%k uihuile met<br />
t~enemeade ouderdom. Daar bestaan 'U statisbeteLcntsvoae ahmem<strong>die</strong><br />
. . rmtobeseiUdeksvautimfadett~toeaemcDde0aderdom.<br />
Die Mclhgs tooa dat daar toeeemende oestabiliteit m <strong>die</strong> DNA-molekuul<br />
rcaes.DitiswaarsLynlik<strong>die</strong>gevoIg<strong>van</strong><br />
diverse DNA<br />
op <strong>die</strong> DNA-molekuul irn en 'U<br />
. . toename m <strong>die</strong> fdnwmsk vau SCU m T-limf& tot<br />
gevolg het.<br />
'W VERGELYKEIDE N I E NSSM DIE SDlMAlULISES VAN BLAME<br />
M HIE-BLAME PASIWE IN DIE REPROWKTIEYESORGEEWHEID HET<br />
DIE KLM OP HORFOLO6IESE VERSKILLE.<br />
GROBLER S, FILMALTER B, w4Ln-r M, YESSELS PH.<br />
Reprodukti ewesorgeenheid, Departeaent Obstetrie en<br />
Ginekologie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> - <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong>,<br />
Bloemfontein. -<br />
Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was oa <strong>die</strong> verskille tussen <strong>die</strong><br />
semenparameters en veral <strong>die</strong> morfologie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> blanke en<br />
nie-blanke pasiente vas te stel .<br />
Semenanalises <strong>van</strong> 1066 blanke en 506 nie-blanke pasiente<br />
is vergelyk. Die volgende semenparaweters is bewrdeel:<br />
vole, pH, spermkonsentrasie, kwalitatiewe- en<br />
kwantitatiewe beweegl i kheid, supravi tale kleuring (eosien-<br />
nigrosienkleuring) , spemmorfologie en latex-W (mixed<br />
antigl obul ine reaction). Die spermatosoa is mrfologies<br />
as norutaal , akrosomaal , post-akrosmaal , verleng en mrf<br />
gekl assi f i seer.<br />
Die gemiddelde telling onder blanke- en nie-blanke mans<br />
wat tie plaasl ike kpniek besoek, was onderskeidel i k<br />
44x10 /al. en 41x10 /d. Die W60 standaard vir<br />
noraosolsperutie is 20xl0~/1nl. Dit lyk dus asof<br />
01 igosolspermie nie <strong>die</strong> enigste oorsaak <strong>van</strong> man1 ike<br />
infertiliteit is nie.<br />
Die waarde <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> speraaorfologie as prognostiese<br />
instrument is gevalueer deur <strong>die</strong> IVB-uitkms <strong>van</strong> pasiente<br />
met normale spermorfologie. In<strong>die</strong>n minder as 14%<br />
spermatosoa normaal is, is bevind dat <strong>die</strong><br />
bevrugtingspotensiaal drasties verminder. Die geaiddelde<br />
persentasie morfologies normale spemtosoa is 13% vir<br />
blanke mans en 12% vir nie-blanke mans in <strong>die</strong> plaaslike<br />
kliniek. Dit wil dus voorkom asof <strong>die</strong> mrfologies nomale<br />
spermatosoa 'n groter rol in infertiliteit speel .<br />
Volgens <strong>die</strong> chi -kwadraattoets is <strong>die</strong> verskil in mrfologie<br />
tussen populasie-proporsies nie statisties betekenisvol<br />
nie (p > 0.05). Klinies is daar egter 'n betekenisvolle<br />
verskil, want <strong>die</strong> 95% vertrouensinterval is betekenisvol<br />
verskillend tussen rasse by <strong>die</strong> groep met nomale<br />
sperrrmorfologie tussen 4-14%.<br />
- -<br />
RESULTATE VAN DIE PUASLIKE IIV VITRO-BEYMIffiS (IVB) M<br />
WIEETOORDRMPR06RAn (60) VIR DIE PERIODE: 1099 - 1990<br />
FIWLTER B, 6ROBLER S, HAHLETT W(, WESSELS PH<br />
Reproduktiewesorgeenheid, Departent Obstetrie en<br />
Ginekologie. <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong>-<strong>Vrystaat</strong>,<br />
Bloemfontein.<br />
Die afgelope 2 jaar is 342 IVB- en 120 60-aspirasies in<br />
!ie Blo~fontein eenheid uitgevoer. A1 <strong>die</strong> pasiente is op<br />
n ovulasie-induksieprogra geplaas. Oasiete is geaspireer<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7DEC 1991 607<br />
wanneer <strong>die</strong> follikels sonografies groter as 17. g-t<br />
het. Daarna is dit 4-6 ure na IVB-aspirasie geinsemineer,<br />
of ty&ns 60-aspirasie saam let spenatos& in <strong>die</strong><br />
uteriene bui s (e) teruggepl aas.<br />
\<br />
Die persentasie biochemiese swangerskappe per si kl us vi r<br />
<strong>die</strong> tydperk in <strong>die</strong> IVB- en W-programe, is onderskeidelik<br />
12% en 32,86%. Dit vergelyk gunstig net <strong>die</strong> internasionale<br />
10-1'2% IVB- en 23% 60-swangerskappe. A1 l e swangerskappe ! s<br />
in n vroeii stadium biochmies <strong>van</strong> aard, mar slegs n<br />
sekere persentasie ontwikkel tot sonografies bewyste en<br />
kl inies vwrtgaande swangerskappe.<br />
Bogenode syfers toon dat IVB- en 60-behandeling aan<br />
infertiele egpare <strong>die</strong>selfde kans op wangerskap bied as<br />
<strong>die</strong> natuurlike (20%) in fertiele egpare.<br />
GENITAL NBERCULOSIS IN FERTILE FEHALES FROH THE H16H<br />
SOCIO-ECONOMIC POPULATION IN BLOEHFONTEIN, SOUTH AFRICA<br />
- _ - , * '<br />
W J Kamffer, PH Wessels # . " 1,. '- - - '.=<br />
Unit for Huinan Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics and<br />
Gynaecology, University of the Orange Free State and<br />
Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, Orange Free State,<br />
Republic of South Africa. 9300<br />
Genital tuberculosis is a well known cause of infertility.<br />
However, it is unknown whether it is prevalent in the<br />
normal, fertile female population. From January to Hay<br />
1990 a study was conducted among 50 fertile women in the<br />
direct postpartum period, to assess the prevalence of<br />
Yycobacterium tuberculosis in the lochia rubra fluid. A<br />
positive culture was obtained in five women (10%). Of<br />
these, one fetus presented with intrauterine death. The<br />
other affected patients had normal healthy babies. These<br />
alarming results indicate that genital tuberculosis is<br />
prevalent to a significant extent in fertile women..<br />
'n KRITIESE EVALUASIE VAN OBfTETRIESE<br />
TAWMFlIETIN6S IN<br />
UIIVERSITAS- M PELOWOIII-HOSPITALE<br />
m cronje, I Rossoun, FCA Roodt, AR lluir<br />
Dept Obstetrie & Ginekologie,<br />
WVS, Blmfontein<br />
Inleiding<br />
In 1%0 het ~hodesl <strong>die</strong> 'idealem tangahaetings beskryf en<br />
<strong>die</strong> navorsingsvraag wat hieruit ontstaan het, is hoe<br />
hier<strong>die</strong> afwtings met <strong>die</strong> plaaslike tangafmetings<br />
vergelyk, wat <strong>die</strong> variasie in plaasl ike tangafmetings is<br />
err hoe dit met skedelafmetings <strong>van</strong> pasgeborenes vergelyk.<br />
Steekproef<br />
A1 <strong>die</strong> tange in <strong>die</strong> twee hospitale en 60 opeenvolgende<br />
pasgeborenes in Pelonomi wat 22500 g geweeg het en wat op<br />
Dinsdae en Woensdae gebore i S.<br />
Hetode<br />
Benewens afmetings <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> tange, is <strong>die</strong> pasgeborenes se<br />
biparietale maat en afstand tussen kaakhoek en verteks<br />
geaeet.<br />
Resul tate<br />
Daar was 15 tange met 'n gemiddelde afstand tussen <strong>die</strong><br />
punte <strong>van</strong> 2,7 cm (Rhodes: 3,O cm) en <strong>die</strong> gemiddelde wydste<br />
afstand tussen <strong>die</strong> lenwe was 7,9 cm (Rhodes: 9,O cm). Die<br />
lemlengtes uas gemiddeld 15,97 en 15,93 (Rhodes: 16,O en<br />
16,O U).
608 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL 80 7 DES 1991<br />
Die gemiddelde bipariStale maat was 8,84 cm (8-10 cm) en<br />
<strong>die</strong> kaakhoek-verteks afmeting 10,87 cm (9-13 m). Die<br />
gemiddelde geboortemassa was 3041,6 g (2500-4485 g).<br />
Gevol gtrekkings<br />
'n Onaanvaarbare vari asie in tangaffletings is gevind wat<br />
ook opvallend <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>van</strong> Rhodes verskil het. Die<br />
skedel afmetings het beter by <strong>die</strong> tangafmetings <strong>van</strong> Rhodes<br />
gepas, terwyl sekere skedel afmetings groter as p1 aasl i ke<br />
tangafmetings was.<br />
CHORlONlC VIUUS SAMPLING - EXPERIENCE IN<br />
BLOEMFONTEIN.<br />
1. Diion of Human Genetics,<br />
2. Depattrnent of Obstetrics and Gynaecotogy,<br />
Medical Faculty, U.O.F.S., Bloemfontein.<br />
We report the findings in 34 pregnancies where chorionic<br />
villus sampling (CVS) was performed during the first<br />
trimester. for purposes of cytogenetic analysis. The<br />
transce~cal route for aspiration, using a Portex catheter<br />
and ultrasound guidance, was used in each case.<br />
The results will be presented from pregnancies where:<br />
a no villusmaterial was obtained (7),<br />
b] a diagnosis was not possible despite aspiration of<br />
adequate material (l), and<br />
c) abnormalities were present (2).<br />
Fwe spontaneous abortions occw~ed. Two miscarriages<br />
were associated with chromosomal abnormalities, another<br />
two due to in situ IUD, and one probably caused by the<br />
CVS procedure. No remarkable clinical complications<br />
were observed in the rest of the pregnancies.<br />
These preliminary results indicate the problem areas, as<br />
expected with such limited experience. The main<br />
ad<strong>van</strong>tages of the technique are as follows:<br />
1) it is performed in the first trimester,<br />
2) results are available within hours or days, and<br />
3) more diagnoses are possible in a given period.<br />
CLINICAL FINDINGS ASSOCIATED WITH APPARENT<br />
BALANCED RECIPROCAL 2;s TRANSLOCATION<br />
T. pearson*, A. Kruger, R.Spies, H. Halliday.<br />
Division of Human Genetics, U.O.F.S, Bloemfontein .<br />
Although unbalanced transtocations are known to give rise<br />
to clinical abnormalities, balanced resiprocal<br />
translocations are assumed not to be associated with<br />
developmental defects. We report the cytogenetic and<br />
clinical abnormalities in a patient with an apparent<br />
balanced reciprocal 2;5 translocation. The karyotype<br />
observed was 46,XXSt(2;5)(2pter + cen + 2q24 :: 5p13 +<br />
5pter; 5qter +cen+5p13 :: 2q24+ 2qter).<br />
Wrth current cytogenetic techniques, the resolution is<br />
inadequate to -exdude minor chromosomal structural<br />
imb&ances. Molecular genetic investigations are therefore<br />
indicated. .<br />
DIE BEPALING VAN NORMMLWAARDES EN 'N GEPROJEKTEERDE<br />
SIRgADIESE SEKRESIEPATROON W R &ENDORFEN<br />
Departemente FIsialogie, Chemiese Patologie, FarmakoIc&z, Universiteii <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> OVS, BIoemfontein en Departement Urologie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> Pretoria,<br />
Pretoria<br />
Diedoel<strong>van</strong><strong>die</strong>stu<strong>die</strong>wasom:<br />
1. TjdgekoppeIdenonnaalagardes" vkSendorfien tebepaal<br />
2 'nV~<strong>van</strong>sirka<strong>die</strong>sesekresievirikndm&nopteJtei<br />
3. Die sekresiepatroon <strong>van</strong> Eendarfaen, so- beviild in <strong>die</strong> shlme, te<br />
vergelyk met/veranhmord teenoor <strong>die</strong> bekende sekresiepahoon <strong>van</strong><br />
kortisol<br />
Twaalf jong, normaalgesonde mans is vir 'n penode <strong>van</strong> 24 nur in <strong>die</strong><br />
eksperiment aangewend Bloedmonsters vir Bendorfienbepalings is uurliks vir -<br />
<strong>die</strong> duur <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> vau ellre proefpersoon bekom. Bykomstig is<br />
bloedmonsters vir kortisolbepatings om 1690, ?MO, 0490 asook 08m in<br />
vakuumbuise (sonder byvoegiugs) <strong>van</strong> vermelde pmerpersOae bekom.<br />
Piekk-trasies <strong>van</strong> R-endorfien het mgekom gedurende <strong>die</strong> tydperk 0890<br />
- 095Nl. (11.83 2 131 fmol/ml) Fluldoasies in serumkortisdkonsenhasies<br />
soos gedemonstreer in <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong>, h genohrleer. Uit <strong>die</strong> resultate <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
shr<strong>die</strong> wil dit voorlrom asof Eendor6en 'n sirka<strong>die</strong>se sekresiepatroon<br />
soortgelylc aan <strong>die</strong> <strong>van</strong> kortisol besit.<br />
Vermelde tendens in <strong>die</strong> sirka<strong>die</strong>se sekresiepatrmn <strong>van</strong> Sendden Sirnuleer<br />
<strong>die</strong> bekende sirka<strong>die</strong>se sekresiepatroon <strong>van</strong> kortisoL 'n Moon& verklaring<br />
vir <strong>die</strong> vergelykbare fenomeen is waa&ydk gesetel in <strong>die</strong> feit dat Sendorfien<br />
en kortikotropien uit h gemeenskaplike voorlopadstms<br />
(prepro6piomelaaokortie.n) oorsprong neem. Die sirka<strong>die</strong>se sekresiekresie@oon<br />
wat kortisol vertrmq word dear sirka<strong>die</strong>se hk@ in kortiLotrop,iensekresie<br />
OnderE.<br />
Depaaemente VIsblogie, Chemiese Patologie, Fanuakw UnivenaCit oan<br />
<strong>die</strong> OVS, Bloemfontein en Depaaement Urologie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> Pretoria,<br />
Pretoria<br />
Uii beperkte idi&g met betrekking tot <strong>die</strong> selmsk <strong>van</strong> enkefaliene tot op<br />
he& in <strong>die</strong> literatuur beslrilrbaar, wil dit voorkom asof <strong>die</strong> enlrefaliene wel ook<br />
Stka<strong>die</strong>se fluLtnasies in sekresie wztoon.<br />
Twaalf jong, mfmaalgpsonde mans is vir 'n periode <strong>van</strong> 24 uur m <strong>die</strong><br />
ekspaiment aangewend Bloedmonsters vir letsknenkefaliehpahgs is<br />
mWrs vir <strong>die</strong> duur <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> <strong>van</strong> elke proefpemn bekom in<br />
vakuumbnise met EDTA (as antistolmiddel) asook Ltriptofaanhidroksamaat<br />
(as .e-r) v d bygevoeg. AUe plasmamonsters is l2<br />
weke nadat dit bekom 4 volgens 'n erkende R=-prosedme dr<br />
-<strong>van</strong>lewbdeMkngeZvalueer.<br />
Piekkomentrasies <strong>van</strong> kusienenLefalien hd voorgekom gedurende <strong>die</strong> tydperk<br />
23:W - 07:00. Trogvkklre <strong>van</strong> leusienenlcefalien het morgekom tussen m en<br />
12.00. Uii <strong>die</strong> resultate <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> is 'n -& <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> sirka<strong>die</strong>se<br />
sekresiepatroon vir leusienenkefalien opged. Iht 1s bekend dat melatonkn<br />
onder basale om&dgMe pieksekresie tydens <strong>die</strong> nag vertoon<br />
Bovermelde. tendeme m <strong>die</strong> sirka<strong>die</strong>se dx&@roon <strong>van</strong> leusienenkefatien<br />
shnuleer oogtopend <strong>die</strong> bekende sekresiepatroon <strong>van</strong> rnelatoniea Die rede<br />
hieryoof is onduidelik en <strong>die</strong> ooreenkoms onvemags.
B ~ NALQKSOON D BASALE SEgaESiE VAN KORTISOL?<br />
E H de wet*, H C Bantar4 R Scball, F 0 Miiller, M S Bornman en<br />
J M c oo?Ethni=n<br />
Departemente Fioiogie, Chemikse Patologie, Fannakolcgie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> OVS, B~oemfontein en Departemep' Urdogie, Univemiteit <strong>van</strong> Pretoria,<br />
Pretoria<br />
Naloksooa is 'n suiwer opioiedantagonis wat terapeuties in <strong>die</strong> hantering <strong>van</strong><br />
opiaatoordosering/-~erpittigi.P aangewend word Di wil vwrkom asof<br />
pr&piomelan~kortienvenmnte peptiede (Bendden, kortikotropien) op<br />
grond <strong>van</strong> 'n gemeenskaplilre vonrlopenubstang dew <strong>die</strong>selfde<br />
beheenn-e~ gereguleer word Naloksoon k m moontlik deur negatiewe<br />
terugvoermeganismes effek op kortiLotropien en gevolglik kortisolsekresie<br />
uitoefen<br />
Die doel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> effek <strong>van</strong> naloksoon 0,4 mg (mtraveneus)<br />
op basale s e e <strong>van</strong> kortisol te dueer.<br />
Elf (11) normaalgescnde mans is as proefpersone aangewend in 'n<br />
enkeldoseihg, gerandomiseerde oorkruisstu<strong>die</strong> met 'n plasebofase. Veneuse<br />
bloed vir <strong>die</strong> bepaling <strong>van</strong> SerUmkortirolLonsentrasies is uurliks gedurende <strong>die</strong><br />
tydperk <strong>van</strong> piek bgsaalsekresie (06ZXI - lam) <strong>van</strong> proefpersone bekom.<br />
SerumkorFisolk011~entraSies is vofgens 'n erkende biologiese metode<br />
gekwantitiseer (R I A).<br />
Variansie-analise (met behandelings- en periode-effekte in ag genome) is op<br />
resultate uitgevoer.<br />
Die minimum semmkortiso~konsentrasie in plasebotoe<strong>die</strong>ning was gemiddeld<br />
4% ho& (95%-veNoueminterval: -14% ; 20%) (p = 0,5810) as in<br />
naloksoontoe<strong>die</strong>ning. Die gemiddelde serumkortisolkonsentrasie (area onder<br />
<strong>die</strong> kromme) in plasebotoe<strong>die</strong>ning was gemiddeld 1% Mr (95%<br />
vertrouensinterval: -13% ; U%) @ = 0,8447) as in naloksoontoe<strong>die</strong>ning.<br />
Dit kom vm asof naloksoon & bade serumkortbdkoltsentrasies<br />
~dend/fisiologies rele<strong>van</strong>t moduleer &.<br />
. .<br />
DIE EFFEgTE VAN ADRENERGE GENEESMIDDELS - PROPRANOLOL,<br />
FENDlMETRASIENBITARTRAAT - OP BA!Ul.E PROLAgTIENSEKRESIE<br />
Departemente F-, Chemiese Patologie, Farmakologie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> OVS, Bloemfontein en Departement Urologie. <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> Pretoria,<br />
Retoria<br />
Die simpatjese senaareestelsel is betrokke by <strong>die</strong> beheer <strong>van</strong> orgaanfunksie <strong>van</strong><br />
verskeie fwioloeiese stelsek. Die uerifere en sentrale effekte <strong>van</strong> simoatiese<br />
asook <strong>die</strong> byniermedulla (as hormone). Dopamien is <strong>die</strong> statien vir Pioiaktien.<br />
Daar kan dus verwag word dat -Is met adrenerge effekte,<br />
moontlike indoed op prdaktiensekresie mag E.<br />
Die doel<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> effekte <strong>van</strong> proprando180 mg @eta-<br />
adrenoreseptorblokkeerder) asook fendimetrasienbii 35 mg<br />
(simpatomimetikum met amfetamienagtige effekte) op bade<br />
pmfal<strong>die</strong>asekresie te dueer*<br />
Elf (U) n-nde mam is as proefperrone aangewend in 'n<br />
enkeldodng, gerandomiseerde oorknristu<strong>die</strong> met 'n plasebofase. Veneuse<br />
bloed vir <strong>die</strong> bepaling <strong>van</strong> serumprdal<strong>die</strong>nkonsentrasies is uurliks gedurende<br />
<strong>die</strong> tydpetk 06a - <strong>van</strong> proefpersone bekom.<br />
SerumprotalrhenLwsentrasies is volgeas 'n erkende biologiese metode<br />
ge-r (R I A). Variaosie-d (met behandelings- en periode-<br />
effekte m ag genome) is op resultate uitgevoer.<br />
Dit kom voor uit verkre~ resultate asof proprandd g& basale<br />
sy~~~~pmlaktienLoosentrasie statistiesbednidend/6siologies rele<strong>van</strong>t moduleer<br />
X. Wyduiteenlopende intra-/imteriadividnele variasies in<br />
~eramprdalaienk~l~entrasie bring me. dat geen definitiewe gevolgtrekking<br />
met be&kkkg tot fendim&nbitartraatbehandeling vir prdaLtien gemaak<br />
kon word nie.<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL 80 7 DEC 1991 609<br />
KO- BREMPORALE ELE-0-<br />
KONVULSIEWE lERAPIE M DIE MEkB<br />
Dit is bekend dat elelrfrokowulsiewe terapie @KT) potente antidepreskwe<br />
dekte uitoefen. Die paesiese biologiese megdnisme wmmhw~~delik vir di6<br />
terapeutiese efiek is egter tot op hede onbekend Dit is bekend dat EKT bii drie (3) minute na aammdiq <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> eleldriese stroom 'n beduidende<br />
toename in koddmpknsekresie tot gevolg het. 'n Ge-dige respons in<br />
kortisdse~swduso~verwagword<br />
Die dad <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> idoed wn elektrokonvulsiewe terapie op<br />
kortisolsekresieteoDdersoek<br />
hie (3) psigiatriese pas%te, op wk. sp&6eke idu&gs- en<br />
ldtslui~eria <strong>van</strong> toepassiug was, is in di6 loodsstu<strong>die</strong> aangewend<br />
Elektrdronvulsie is biiemporaal tydem gestandaardiseerde algemene narkose.<br />
geinduseer. Bloedmomten is op de wyse en tyd by vier (4)<br />
geleenthede amok m prosedure -d.<br />
SerumkomsdLofl~entrasies is "Igens 'n kommersieelbe&kbare biochemiese<br />
met& gekwadkeer.<br />
Die v b e in sermnLomsollronseritrasies soos<br />
gedemonsbeer m +nt 3, asook <strong>die</strong> gemiddelde tendens <strong>van</strong> verandering in<br />
serumkortisolLonsentasie tydm EKT, onderstenn -dinge.<br />
Q i e 1 en 2) Hoewel <strong>die</strong> beteke& en lliniese belang <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> progressiewe<br />
b e in basale lrortisdsekresie onduidelik is, wi] dit vc~~kom asof adaptasie<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> sekretoriese meganismes <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> streshormoon kortisol, vir psigiese<br />
stres deur herhaalde elektrokonrmIsiewe terapie teweeggebring word.<br />
Geen enkel honnoon/neur0-001dragstof kan egter tot op hede gebruik word<br />
as merker <strong>van</strong> terapeutiese effektiwiteit vir JXT nie.<br />
Departement Fdogie, ChemieSe Patologie, HHuisartsLde, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> OVS, Bloemfontein en Departement Urologie. <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> Pretoria,<br />
Pretoria<br />
Uiroke trauma is waarskynlilr 'n onaanvegbare etiolcgiese agens vir<br />
uiterstes <strong>van</strong> fisiese en/of psigiese stres. Die vermoE om op skadelike stimuli<br />
te respondeer, is een <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> mees grondliggende kenmerke <strong>van</strong> lewe. Die<br />
biologiese respons op trauma in <strong>die</strong> mens word deur <strong>die</strong> hipotalamus bemiddel<br />
en word gekenmerk deur hormonale aanpassinW essensieel vir lewe. Die<br />
verskillende hornonale veranderinge wat dan ook tydens trauma voorkom, kan<br />
direk of indirek verband hon met <strong>die</strong> sentrale asook perifere effekte <strong>van</strong><br />
opioiedpeptiedsekrresie.<br />
Die doel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> sekresie <strong>van</strong> Bendorfien amok<br />
leusienenkefalien in <strong>die</strong> getraumatiseerde pa&nt te evalueer.<br />
Spesifieke iasluitings- asook uitsluibgdderia was op alle pasiinte wat vir <strong>die</strong><br />
stu<strong>die</strong> oorweeg is, <strong>van</strong> toepassing. Veneuse bloed is voigens erkende<br />
mate~ehgstegrieke bekom <strong>van</strong> agt (8) getraumatkerde pasiinte by<br />
toelating tot <strong>die</strong> noodgde-afdeling <strong>van</strong> 'n plaaslike hospitaal. (Tyd = 23.00 -<br />
Ola)<br />
Ui resultate <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> wil dit voorkom asof bloedverlies in <strong>die</strong> ernstig<br />
getraumatheerde @rite (P&nte 1 - 5) nie mu sodanig beduidende aard<br />
was dat aendorfiensekresie merkbaar toegeneem het /<br />
leusienenkefaliensekresie merkbaar gekompromitteer is nie. In <strong>die</strong> minder<br />
ernstig getraumatiseerde pasiinte (Pdnte 6 - 8) wil dit vwrkom asof<br />
geassosieerde bloedverlies sodanige fisiese stres verwrsaak het dat verhoogde<br />
Bendofiensekresie aangetoon kon word, terwyi leusienenkefaliell~ekresie in<br />
miostens een pas%& gekompromitteer is. Laasgenoemde veranderde<br />
sekresiepatrone <strong>van</strong> endogene opio-kde tydens minder ernstige trauma (met<br />
meegaande waarsLynlilr betekenirvolle bloedverlies) mag <strong>van</strong> beduidende<br />
beIang in aawanWilre klinIese hantering <strong>van</strong> di~? pasiinte -.
610 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7DES 1991<br />
Depastement Fnidogie, CBemiese Patobgie. PSigiatrie. <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
OVS, Bloemfontem en Departement Urdogie, <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> Pretork,<br />
Pretoria<br />
Beperkte inligting be~taan met betrekking tot sekresie <strong>van</strong> Sendortien tydem<br />
elektrokonvulsiewe terapie in <strong>die</strong> mens Geen sodanige inligting is vb<br />
leusienenlref~lien k&kbar nie. Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was US om <strong>die</strong><br />
invloed <strong>van</strong> elektrohvulsiewe terapie op <strong>die</strong> sekresiepatr~ne <strong>van</strong> Bendortien<br />
asook leusienenkefalien te evalueer-<br />
Spdkke ~uitjngs- en uitsldhg&hia vir write was <strong>van</strong> toepas&&<br />
Gestandaardiseerde algemene narkose was toege<strong>die</strong>n vir <strong>die</strong> EKT-prosedwe.<br />
Veneuse bloedm~nsters vb <strong>die</strong> bepaling <strong>van</strong> Mnndomen asook<br />
leusienenlrefalien is mlgem erkende materiaalinsara-Le op vier (4)<br />
gespedkerde tye v m asook tydens elektrokonmtlsiewe terapie bekom <strong>van</strong><br />
drie (3) pasiMe @dfm h& reeks EKT-behande- (Pdntnornmer 1:<br />
EKT X 2, P&-<br />
'<br />
er 2: EKT X 2, Pa&ntnommer 3: EKT X 5).<br />
Plarmakonsenh.aSies <strong>van</strong> Bendomen asook leusieuenkeen U volgem<br />
erkende biologiese metodes pkvmdka.<br />
Die toename in pksmakonsentrasies <strong>van</strong> Sendorkn tydens EKT kan<br />
waarslrynlilr verklaar word op grond <strong>van</strong> 'n verhogdde algemene simpatiese<br />
tonns as gevolg <strong>van</strong> ~/~ stres met gevoI$ike niespesitiek<br />
adr enoresept orstimnlasia @ega&me <strong>van</strong> fkdmkmekresie).<br />
Elektrokonmlsiewe terapie modnleer nie pksmalrm <strong>van</strong><br />
leusienenkefalien gedurende <strong>die</strong>selfde tydperk yerrekenbaar nie.<br />
Betrokkenheii <strong>van</strong> di.5 boon by adaptasie vb cbroniese<br />
psigiese/elektrokonvulsiegeiaduseerde stres kan nie sonder meer uitgeskakel<br />
word nie.<br />
GEEN EPIDEHIOLOGIESE BEWYS VAN 'A WBFWNL) TUSSEA<br />
HIPERINSULIENEMIE EN ESSENSI~LE HIPERTW~SIE<br />
0- 'N SWART SUID--AJ?RIKAANSE BEVOLKING NIE<br />
WF Mollentze, A Moore, AF Steyn, K Steyn*, GM<br />
Oosthuysen, TI Muller, G Joubert#, DJV Weich<br />
Departemente - Interne Geneeskunde,<br />
#Gemeenskapsgesondheid en *MNR<br />
Die verband tussen bloeddruk, glukosetoleransie,<br />
vastende en post-glukosebeladin? serum-<br />
insulienvlakke is ondersoek by n lukraak<br />
steekproef <strong>van</strong> 840 Suid Sotho persone <strong>van</strong> 25 ?r<br />
en ouer. Hiperinsulienemie was gedefinieer as n<br />
vastende of som <strong>van</strong> 60 en 120 minuut<br />
insulienvlak wat <strong>die</strong> 75ste persentiel <strong>van</strong> 'n<br />
verwysingsgroep oorskry het. Die ouderdoms- en<br />
geslagsaangepaste prevalensie <strong>van</strong> diabetes en<br />
belemmerde glukosetoleransie was 4.6% en 10.8%<br />
respektiewelik. Die ouderdomsaangepaste<br />
prevalensie <strong>van</strong> hipertensie was 29.2%. Meer<br />
behandelde (16.8%) as onbehandelde (4.9%)<br />
hipertensiewe persone het diabetes gehad. Die<br />
opsommende relatiewe risiko (ORR) <strong>van</strong><br />
hipertensie by diabetikers i.v.m. normale<br />
persone was 1.1 (95% V1 0.8 - 1.5) na aanpassing<br />
vir ouderdom en liggaamsmassa-indeks. Na<br />
soortgelyke aanpassings was <strong>die</strong> ORR <strong>van</strong><br />
hipertensie by individue met belemmerde<br />
glukosetoleransie i.v.m. normale individue ook<br />
bykans 1. Die ORR <strong>van</strong> hipertensie by persone<br />
'met vastende hiperinsulienemie i.v.m. persone<br />
met normo-insulinemie was 0.9 (95% V1 0.7 - 1.1)<br />
na aanpassing vir liggaamsmassa- indeks en<br />
glukosetoleransie. Die ORR <strong>van</strong> hipertensie by<br />
<strong>die</strong> som-insulien hiperinsulienemiese groep<br />
i.v.m. <strong>die</strong> normo- insulienemiese groep was 0.9<br />
(95% V1 0.7 - l .l) na soortgelyke aanpassings.<br />
Slotsom: Glukose-intoleransie en<br />
hiperinsulienemie dra nie by tot 'n verhoogde<br />
risiko <strong>van</strong> hipertensie by hier<strong>die</strong> swart<br />
bevolkingsgroep nie. Die behandeling <strong>van</strong><br />
hipertensie het <strong>die</strong> risiko <strong>van</strong> diabetes verhoog.<br />
DIAGNOSIIESE WAARDE VAN KLJSURDOPPLER<br />
DIE OPSPORING VAN 'N =IN PATENTE DUKTUS<br />
ARTERfOSUs.<br />
T J <strong>van</strong> der M-*, A D Bruwer.<br />
Dept. Pediatrie Afd. Kardiologie. <strong>Universiteit</strong> <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
<strong>Oranje</strong> <strong>Vrystaat</strong>.<br />
INLEIDING:<br />
Oor 'n tydperk vah een jaar is drie pasikte met 'n klein<br />
patente dn)bns arteriosos (PDA) gesien, wat khies seen<br />
tekens <strong>van</strong> 'n PDA wtoon het nie.<br />
Kliniese o n d d het geto011:<br />
Geval 1 Atriale septale defek<br />
Geval2 stills geruis<br />
Gevd 3 Biipidale aortaklep<br />
EKG en borskas X-strale in gevalle twee en drie is normad,<br />
tern1 veranderinge in geval een aan <strong>die</strong> atriale septale<br />
defek toegeskryf kan word.<br />
METODE:<br />
'n Ultramerk 9 eggokardiograaf is gebnrik met 3 MHz en 5<br />
MHz kleur skandeerkoppe in 'n parasternale kort-as<br />
posisie om <strong>die</strong> vloeipatroon in <strong>die</strong> hoof pulrnonale arterie te<br />
evalueer.<br />
RESULTATE:<br />
Kleurdoppler het. duidelik 'n klein aftakking deur <strong>die</strong> PDA<br />
na <strong>die</strong> pulmonale arterie getoon en <strong>die</strong> doppler vloeipatroon<br />
was ook eie aan <strong>die</strong> <strong>van</strong> 'n PDA vloei.<br />
A1 <strong>die</strong> pasicnte het hartkateterisasie ondergaap om <strong>die</strong><br />
diagnose te bevestig en angio@e het by al drie <strong>die</strong> gevalle<br />
'n PDA getoon.<br />
GEVOLGTREKKING:<br />
Kleurdoppler is 'n baie sensitiewe, nie ingrypende,<br />
ondersoek metode om 'n baie klein patente dubs<br />
arteriosus te diagnoseer.<br />
THE USE OF LASER FOR PALLIATION IN ESOPHAGUS<br />
CARCINOMA<br />
MGL Spruyt8, GF Ferreira, U C NeL<br />
Dept of Surgery, UOFS<br />
To evaluate our results obtained by laser treatment of<br />
patients with inoperable esophagus carcinoma from 1989 -<br />
1991.<br />
Patients were selected at the<br />
-;he departments of Surgeq and<br />
0MY)therapy for Esophagus carcinoma atients. Patients<br />
chosen were those who could swallow no& or only fluids<br />
or soft pomdge, and those selected for radiotherapy, to<br />
prevent dysphagia due to oedema during treatment. Laser<br />
therapy was 'ven at 80W, 03s pulses, at doses of 800 -.3OOOJ<br />
per session 'E;. reatment was continued until an improyement<br />
was noted in swallowing or it was found that thegatient had<br />
total obstruction not amenable to dilatation and laser<br />
therapy.<br />
Resaits: 46 patients with ad<strong>van</strong>ced esop carcinoma<br />
could swallow nothing before treatment %<br />
were treated with laser therapy from 1989 - 1 18 of these<br />
Of the total, 20 patients (43%) could swallow nody after<br />
the treatment course.<br />
34% reported improved swallowipg.<br />
21,7% experienced no improvement.<br />
There were 7 complications (IS%), of which one (2%)<br />
necessitated operative management, and one perforation in a<br />
terminal patient was fatal.<br />
. Laser therapy rovides good palli?tion to<br />
=th esopLqp carcinoma mth low<br />
morbidity and low mortality. A prospective study is planned<br />
to comDare laser treatment and intubatinn
KATETERSLU~TING VAN PATENTE DUKTUS<br />
ARTERIOSUS<br />
L br*, M ~ohl*, AD Bruwer<br />
Pediatri- Kar$ologie, Univexsiteit <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>Oranje</strong><br />
<strong>Vrystaat</strong>.<br />
Die duktus arteriosus verbind <strong>die</strong> proksirnale aorta net<br />
distaal tot <strong>die</strong> ontstaan <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> linker subklaviese arterie<br />
met <strong>die</strong>. haof pulmonale arterie. Normaahveg siuit <strong>die</strong><br />
duMus bme 48 uur M geboorte. In<strong>die</strong>n dit op 3 maande<br />
ouderdom nog nie SpOntane sluiting ondergaan het nie ,<br />
word chirurgiese hitmg benodi n Altematief tot chirurgie<br />
Y<br />
wat onlsogs mmntlik geword %Lt, is <strong>die</strong> dui <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
duktus deur middel <strong>van</strong> 'n prostese wat deur 'n ateter in<br />
<strong>die</strong> duktus arteriosus geplaas word.<br />
Indikasies: PasiEnte bo 6k. Duktus anato&es geskik.<br />
Normale ~ulmonale arterie drukke en weerstand.<br />
Die okklhie stelsel bestaan uit 'n toe<strong>die</strong>nhgstelsel en <strong>die</strong><br />
sluitingsapparaat self. Die sluitingsapparaat bestaan uit twee<br />
klein sambreeltjies wat aan rug aanmekaar geheg is. Die<br />
toe<strong>die</strong>ningskateter met &e sluitingsapparaat daarin gelaai,<br />
word deur 'n skede <strong>van</strong>af <strong>die</strong> fernorale vena in posisie<br />
geplaas met <strong>die</strong> een sambreeltjie aan <strong>die</strong> aorta kant geopen<br />
en <strong>die</strong> ander binne in <strong>die</strong> hoof pulmonale arterieDie duktus<br />
arteriosus word hierdeur toegemaak en met stollings en<br />
latere endotekie vind voltedige afsluiting in <strong>die</strong> meerderheid<br />
<strong>van</strong> gevalle plaas. Tydens <strong>die</strong> prosedure word <strong>die</strong><br />
posisie en onmiddellike effektiwite~t angiografies en<br />
eggokardiografies evalueer.<br />
Komph'kasies: Afhangend <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> grootte <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> duktus<br />
artenosus mag 'n tweegle inplasing nodig wees om 'n<br />
blywende lek op te hef. Hemohe as gevolg <strong>van</strong> 'n blywende<br />
lek Embolisasie <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> sluitinsapparaat tydens <strong>die</strong><br />
prosedure.<br />
Huidig is <strong>die</strong> prosedure slegs in enkele sentra beskikbaar en<br />
is duur. Dit spaar <strong>die</strong> pasiEnt 'n torakotomie met <strong>die</strong><br />
narkose en chirurgiese risiko's daaraan verbonde.<br />
Hospitalisasie is aans~enlik korter en <strong>die</strong> pasient het geen<br />
borskas littekens, wat kosmeties voordelig is.<br />
E]TP Van der W&* JS Van ZyI<br />
Departement Plastiese en RekonstrnLtiewe c%hngie<br />
in sit* evaInasie Mn ehromarooafwgfrings in limfosiete na<br />
blootstelling aan UV-lig en Rontge~f-strale.<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7 DEC 1991 611<br />
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE BIOAVAXLABILITY OF TWO<br />
DEPOT HEDROROGESTERONE PRODUCTS<br />
3 H Easmus5 G Groenewoud, H G Luus, F 0 Hiiller,<br />
P H Wessels Farmovs Ipstitute, University of<br />
the OFS, ~ ~ N T E I N ( . Dept of Obstetrics and<br />
Gynaecology, University of OFS).<br />
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (=A) is marketed in<br />
many countries in the depot form as a hormonal<br />
contraceptive with close to 100% efficacy.<br />
Following i.m. administration maximum plasma HPA<br />
levels are reached within a week with effective<br />
levels sustained for up to 14 wweeks when follow-up<br />
doses are usually administered. Contraception is<br />
effected by a combination of a decrease in<br />
cervical mucus, endometrial atrophy, LB and FSB<br />
suppression and no maturation of follicles. The<br />
study was performed to compare the bioavailabilit<br />
of HPA following i.m. admini tration of Petogen<br />
(Labethica) and Depo-Proved' (Upjohn) . Serum<br />
progesterone levels were also determined<br />
simultaneously. Bealthy, female volunteers, aged<br />
between 18 and 27 years, participated in this<br />
double-blind, single-dose, randomised parallel<br />
study (n = 28 per qroup). Starting 3 days after<br />
onset of the last menstrual period, blood was<br />
collected for baseline UPA and progesterone<br />
determinations. Thereafter 150mg UPA (lml) was<br />
administered and blood samples drawn forthnightly<br />
for 16 weeks for MPA and progesterone<br />
determinations. Blood sampling took place on the<br />
same time of the day. The mean and CV% of the<br />
pharmacokinetic variable AUD(2-16 weeks) of MPA<br />
were calcul ted as 11.85 [ng.h/ml) and 39.0% for<br />
DBPO-PRO-' (Upiphn) and 12.52 (ng.h/ll) and<br />
28.2% for PETOGF3 (Pbethica). he geometric<br />
mean of the Vetogen /~e~o-hmvera~~ ratio was<br />
110% and the 90% confidence interval 928 to 131%.<br />
One of the 56 subjects had a raised serum<br />
progesterone level at 10 weeks, indicative of<br />
ovulation. This is not surprising, since MPA,<br />
when administered in doses that confer<br />
contraception, does not necessarily inhibit<br />
ovulation. The pharmacokinetic da&a indicate<br />
"theraqutic equivalencen of Petogen and Depo-<br />
Provera . Their interchangeable use can be<br />
expected to result in comparable hormonal<br />
contraceptive potency and efficacy.<br />
PHARWACODYNAXICS OF THE MICROPARTICLE FORMULATION<br />
OF BUSERELIN<br />
N de la Re$, BE Meyer, F0 Miiller, HG Luus, B<br />
~osenkranz" ~epartment of Pharmacology,<br />
university of the Orange Free State,<br />
oemf ontein, Republic of South Africa.<br />
Aoechst *G, Frankfurt, west Germany<br />
B'<br />
Buserelin is an analogue of luteinising hormone<br />
releasing hormone (LHRH). Administration of<br />
sufficient quantities of the drug with sufficient<br />
regularity reduces concentrations of the sex<br />
steroids to post-menopausal levels. Buserelin<br />
has recently been formulated in microparticles to<br />
provide a subcutaneous depot which will improve<br />
compliance and convenience for the patient.<br />
The aim of the study was to identify the optimum<br />
dose of microparticle buserelin which will<br />
prov'ide release of the drug sufficient to<br />
suppress ovarian function for 4 to 6 weeks (28 to<br />
42 days).<br />
Thirty-two healthy female volunteers with normal<br />
f ollicular development and ovulation<br />
(progesterone level
612 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOLW ?DES1991 . *<br />
The dose of 3.5 mg buserelin in this formulation<br />
is considered optimum since it provided<br />
sufficient relmae of the drug to suppress<br />
ovarian activity for 4 to 6 veeks.<br />
COMPARATIVE WOGLYCAEMIC EFFECTS OF TWO<br />
GLIBENCLAMIDE TMIET PRODUCI'S<br />
. . G Opnewoud, HG Luus, F0 Miilier, M <strong>van</strong> Dyk,<br />
f#i2z&&oola<br />
F v o Institute ~ for F%mnacology Drug ~evelopmek<br />
ruvemty of Or a ree State, Bloemfontem<br />
%emon m t e s a ~dizabeth<br />
The aim of this stu to compare the hypo ycaetp'c effect of two<br />
25 mg bendan& a products [Semr&nil (Hoe&) and<br />
glihncgde (I.,enmt$ntb<br />
This was a single-blind, edose randomised, cross-over study followed<br />
bg a plaqbo pkw: %eke heal9 young male subjects cornpleted<br />
ot ghbencl~de phases an l0 sub'ects the placebo<br />
phase. Blood sampl# fo~ glucose assa were co&cted over-an 8h<br />
pew Subjects we* msmbe?t for 1% and received a conbnuou~<br />
LV. &ion of 10% solut~oa<br />
Within 15 to 4.5 ho &er ingestion of either glibenclamide product,<br />
ten of the twelve ru&t~ eqerienced mild to moderate symp- of<br />
hypogl caemia The extent of these adverse events was e echvely<br />
controied by the ~~~~IIIUOUS ix. infusion of gh~eose. The hypoglycaemic<br />
symptoms lastaQ for 15 to 30 minutes and resolved without any<br />
additional administrahn of glucose. : , '<br />
The mean values of r&vmt variables and 90% confidence intervals<br />
for the ratio "test/refmm are presented below:<br />
I -<br />
Variable ~emi-m@d Gliknclamide Placebo Confi-<br />
, . (HwefUO won) dence<br />
interval<br />
The mean decrease h Emin as compared to pIacebo was 33.6% and<br />
33.7% for Semi-Dad and hnclamide, res vely. The corresponding<br />
mean de- in A&O-8h) was 7 .4ed 11.7%. respectwely.<br />
&<br />
-:F Ct<br />
A corn arable<br />
effect was observed for the 2 ppducts.<br />
e model app &m thus study employing @e constant infusion<br />
L of glucose may be succ@&&y used in future stu<strong>die</strong>s on hypogIycaemic<br />
' - drugs of this type. 5 -<br />
h - -,<br />
d .<br />
HEMODINAMlEsE WlTCRAKSIES WSSEN PROPOFOL EN<br />
ESMOLOL<br />
J Diedericks*, CP Heibrt, FECL Hmdt, NJ Uys, J Briimmer.<br />
Departement Anest*, So& en Farmakologie, UOVS ' *<br />
Hoewel esmolol 'n ka halfhe het, dui voorlopige shuiies daarop dat<br />
daar onverwagte langd\vigc effekte <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> middel is WaMeer dit in<br />
kombii met pr& gkbruik word Aangesien beide middek<br />
1ewerMoedvloei vermhder, mag hul gekomb'meerde effek <strong>die</strong> oproiming<br />
<strong>van</strong> propofol vermin&. Hier<strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> het <strong>die</strong> hemodinamiese effekte<br />
<strong>van</strong> bolus en volgehom infusies esmolol toegevoeg tot konstante infusie<br />
narkose met propofal, 11600k <strong>die</strong> moontlilre ondertiggende meganismes,<br />
ondersoek.<br />
Sewe Beagles is ond& met toestemming <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Etiese Komitee vir<br />
Proef<strong>die</strong>re. Die <strong>die</strong>n L imhwmenteer onder halotaan narkose (O,7-1%)<br />
om globale- en str& linker ventrikel funksie te meet. Voor- en<br />
nalading <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> hart d p h r met behulp <strong>van</strong> 'n ballon in <strong>die</strong><br />
inferior vena cava cn Wtbare IS om <strong>die</strong> dalende aorta. Na<br />
iostrumentasie is halotam wr<strong>van</strong>g met propofol200 pg.kgl.min.-' en M<br />
60 minute is kontroM&gs geneem en bloed getrek vir propofol en<br />
esmolol bloertLonsenMitk 'n Intrammeuse bolus esmolol MO m*', is<br />
gegee en'm geskfyf na 5, 10, 40 en 60 minute. 'U Tweede bolus<br />
esmolQJ (MO me1) g&g dew ~O@g.kg~slin-~ vir 10 minute is gegee<br />
en lesings geneem ap &sc&k tye as voorheen. Data is analiseer dew<br />
. . vir herbUlde mehgi.<br />
- .<br />
Pdsslag was deurentyd onveranderd Na <strong>die</strong> eerste bdus esmolol het<br />
Moeddrak verminder (-I-, P
-<br />
d) DNA profile, i.e. whether the patient has inherited the<br />
MEN v,<br />
and<br />
Further man- of MM constitutes surgical removal<br />
of the tumor(s), foilowed by regular post-operative<br />
biochemical scpeneg. In the protood the types and<br />
success^ of mve~ons are described, on the one<br />
hand €or diagnosis, and the other for control after surgery.<br />
This also eliminates unneceSSaFy follow-up stu<strong>die</strong>s on<br />
family members not at risk.<br />
Dit is algemeen bekend dat <strong>die</strong> nmmale rustende hormoonmilieu tydens<br />
oefeniagaamkdikwaader. Hies<strong>die</strong>verandedBgsvindondermeerplaasom<br />
aktiewe spierweefsel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> nodige metaboliese brandstof te. voorsien.<br />
Hededqp word aawaar dat mk hpkmaamelatonien tydens vdgehoue<br />
strawwe oefeniag styg. Dit h egtr onbekend of melatonien 'n perifere<br />
metaboliese indoid nitoefea hnge+n 'n abnormaal verhoogde<br />
mektoniensekresie met imuiien weentandbdende ketase gepaard gaan en<br />
00s reeds bevind bet dat melatonien ketogenese kan beimrloed, is hier<strong>die</strong><br />
m oodMu3 by mense wat aan strawwe oefening onderwerp 4 oudenoek.<br />
Veneuse Moed is by elk <strong>van</strong> 'n g r q atlete voot en dire& nadat Me 'n<br />
<strong>van</strong> 2l km volt& verkry. Die plasmaLonsentrasies <strong>van</strong><br />
melatonien, g2ulrose, vqwhue en ketoonliggaam&s is bepd. Verskeie<br />
' ,<br />
ander parameters is geh& cm <strong>die</strong> oef ' ' kit en hemokonsentrasie<br />
ternonitor.<br />
Pksnamelatonien na <strong>die</strong> wedtoop het beteLenisM1 Die gemiddelde<br />
plasmaglukose en -ketoodgpampies het ouderskeidelik met 27% en 20%<br />
gestyg. Die plasmav~yv~ure het datktk betekenisvol met 94% gestyg. Die<br />
korrelasies tussen melat+oosentraSie direk na <strong>die</strong> wedloop met <strong>die</strong><br />
veranderinge in glukosii, vryvetsnre en ket-pies is nagegaan. Die<br />
enigste betekenisvolle verbaad is tussen melatonien en <strong>die</strong> ketmnliggaampie<br />
toename why.<br />
Ons het reeds bevind dat melatonien onder sekere omstandighede ketogenese<br />
in vibo en in vivo by rotte en bobbe, kan bewuder.. Die pobitiewe<br />
korrelasie tussen plasmamelatonien direk na oefeniog en <strong>die</strong> ketmnliggaampie<br />
toename tydens oefening by atlete, dui daarop dat melatonien mmntWr by<br />
ketoollliggaammetabotisme betrokke is. In<strong>die</strong>n laaqpoemde bevestig kon<br />
word son dit beteken dat melatonien 'n sinvolle metaboliese. funksie tydens<br />
oefening verrig. Dit sou verder mk bydra om d e fisiologiese ~rskynsek<br />
som byvmrbeeld na-oefeningsketose te verklaar-<br />
HEMATOLUGIESE PROFIEL VAN HERVESTIGDE SAN<br />
(BOESMANS) BY SCHMIDTSDRIF<br />
m*,<br />
PN ~adenhorst*, WJH ~ermaak#, JI de wet**<br />
*~ept. Hematologie, UOVS; #~ept. Chemiese Patologie & Haus<br />
Snyckers-Instituut, UP; **Afdeling ~iastatistiek, UOVS<br />
Onlangs is 600 San-soldate <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> SA Weermag (saam met hulle<br />
afhanlrliles) hemestig <strong>van</strong>af Noordelike Namibii: na Schmidtdrif militere<br />
basis, naby Kimberley. Hulk het algaande verwesters tydens hulle<br />
verb'mtenki met <strong>die</strong> Weerrnag, en sulke gemeenskappe, wat in 'n<br />
oorgangsfase verkeer, is vatbaar vir wanvoeding. Vorige stu<strong>die</strong>s het<br />
alrd <strong>die</strong> agteruitgang <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> hematologiese status <strong>van</strong> ander groepe<br />
San gedokumenteer, socrs hulle Mnaf hulle swerwersbestaan geleidelik<br />
verstedelik. Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> was om <strong>die</strong> status <strong>van</strong> hier<strong>die</strong><br />
gemeenskap te ondemk, dit te vergelyk met ander stu<strong>die</strong>s en<br />
SAW WW- 80 7 DEC 1991 613<br />
aaabevel+vir<strong>die</strong>t~temaak. InOktober1990isongeveer10%<br />
<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> bevollriqg (2l2 mam en G!9 vrone) wdersoek &v. 'n<br />
volMoedteU;ng, diferem&& telling en beplhgs <strong>van</strong> semm-folaat, -<br />
. .<br />
wtazwen BD -fe* en eritiosiet-fdaat. VoIgens WGO-Irriteria was<br />
lZ% <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong> volwase mam <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>van</strong> 14-19 jaar ea<br />
8996 vaa <strong>die</strong> trrssen 20-50 jam anemies (70% mihrositk). Daar was geen<br />
verskiIle tossen VasekeIH en BBraLarenas nie. Die woue het 'n prevaleasie<br />
<strong>van</strong> 31% mani$t&e a n d petotm in <strong>die</strong> ot&mbmg~oep 14-20 jaar.<br />
Daarwasgeengevalb<strong>van</strong>anemieonder<strong>die</strong>bejaardw<strong>van</strong>beide gesIagte<br />
nie. Daar was geen g d e vaa mahrositCre anemie nk Vgftig persent<br />
<strong>van</strong> vrwe jwger as 20 jaar het 'n verlaagde serum-ferritien getoop. Daar<br />
was skgs enkek gewb met ~e~hoogde ferritieawaark Die vitamien<br />
Bl2-vhkke was Wr by vrone, soos in meeste A f r h - b e Daat<br />
was lae eritro&t-fbbtvMke by 26% <strong>van</strong> mans en 28% <strong>van</strong> wone. Daar<br />
VERDAGTE VASKULkRE LETSELS BY DIE KAROTIS<br />
BIFURKASIE<br />
R Bany, A Steynbelg*, CWPienaar, CTC Nel.<br />
Bill Venter Eenheid vir VaslaCEre Chinugie, UOVS,<br />
Bloemfontek<br />
Hier<strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> is onderneem om <strong>die</strong> rol <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Dupleks<br />
Doppler (DD) in pasiente met massas <strong>van</strong> moontlike<br />
vaskulCre oorsprong by <strong>die</strong> karotis bifurkasie (kaakhoek) te<br />
evalueer.<br />
PasiEnte en metodes<br />
'nDD ondersoek is oor 'n 3 jaarperiode (1987-1991) uitgevoer<br />
op alle pasiente (n = 50) met 'n kaakhoekmasa <strong>van</strong> 'n<br />
moontlike vaskulCre oorsprong. Met kliniese ondersoeke is<br />
karotis liggaam tumore in 29 pasi&nte gediagnoseer. Pasiente<br />
is volgens <strong>die</strong> gebruiklike metode, wat arteriografie ingesluit<br />
het, ondersoek.<br />
DD het karotis liggaam tumore in 11 pasiente, aneurismes in<br />
5, non-vaskulEre letsels in 1, karotis ontvouings in 10 en<br />
Promipente karotis bifurkasies in 13 pasihte gedhgnoseer. 6<br />
23 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> 50 pasiente (46%) was geen patologie (ontvouinnps<br />
en prominente vate) teenwoordig nie.<br />
DD is 100% akkuraat bewys deur arteriografie edof chirurgie<br />
in <strong>die</strong> diagnose <strong>van</strong> hier<strong>die</strong> letsels. Die DD bevindings in<br />
karotis liggaam tumore het 'n " wynglas " bifurkasie<br />
gedemonstreer. In <strong>die</strong> bifurkasie was 'n letsel met eggo's sowel<br />
as arteriele en veneuse vloei aanwesig. Lae weerstand vloei in<br />
<strong>die</strong> eksterne karotis arterie was teenwoordig in 80% <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
pasiente wat <strong>die</strong> bloedvoorsiening <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> tumor aandui.<br />
Gevolgtrekkings<br />
1. Pasiente met massas <strong>van</strong> moontlike vaskulCre oorspron<br />
by <strong>die</strong> karotis bifurkasie behoort eerstens dey midde f<br />
<strong>van</strong> DD ondersoek te word. In 46% <strong>van</strong> paslbte sou<br />
hospitalisasie en verdere ondersoeke nie nodig wees nie.<br />
2. DD is 100% akkuraat om te onderskei tussen hier<strong>die</strong><br />
letsels.<br />
3. Roetine arteriografie is onnodig.
614 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7 DES 1991<br />
LT H#, MJ Ungerer, J Diedericks, C Herbst, P -, K de Wet,<br />
McaLk<br />
Departement Aaeste&Iogie en Bidkh, UOVS.<br />
Gesonde. vrVwiliigers in <strong>die</strong> ouderdomsgmepe BB, 40.5% en ouer as 60<br />
jaar is ewekansig geselekteer en verdeel in drie groepe vau 10 elk. Na 'n<br />
oornag MS het elk persoon 2aoml TP gemerkte water onlvaug en is <strong>die</strong><br />
gastriese inhoud onmiddeItilr deur middel <strong>van</strong> 'n gammalramera bepaal<br />
Hiema, met 30 min intervaUe, is gastriese inhond bepad vir 'U maksimum<br />
<strong>van</strong> 6 uur of tot radioalriewe tehgs minder as 5% <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> kontrole was.<br />
Die maag is leeg beslrou met 'n telling <strong>van</strong> minder as 10% <strong>van</strong> kontrole<br />
te* (20/zooml = 10%) Op 'n later datum, met di~~tlfde V n e en<br />
metode, is 20(hnl radioaktief gemerbe melk (wat 'n vast0 &in <strong>die</strong> maag<br />
word) gegee en gastriese ledigiog soos voorheen bepaal.<br />
Data is geanaliseer deur middel <strong>van</strong> eenrigting variansanalise met 'U<br />
vertroueusvlak <strong>van</strong> 95%.<br />
Ouderdom is nie beduidend by <strong>die</strong> maaglediging <strong>van</strong> water nie, maar<br />
ledigiog <strong>van</strong> melk is betekenisvd vinniger in <strong>die</strong> groep >dDjr (p
Die isolasie<br />
Aochmdriv- f ~PIPPD~~PI' ,& & &l,&-.&<br />
is. ~ e r h a a l d a ~ ~ ~ 5 0 * i ~ & # l 7 y l l r b l ~ d d<br />
gehad. In k Ld M W m<br />
tebiadhradSrr*Ilrdb#i--dis-<br />
Mitochondr 'QtrsOer cDdk &B rirerb.dsrb fd& h<br />
@E). D;, * ~ ~ ~ @ t & u L 1 ~ ~ . ~ ~ 7 4<br />
KE/lg hiusobio~lcdOarsr.OmIE/tLrcrccbd.o~<br />
funksieenem(PguWQLrnooQt-
616 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL 80 7 DES 1991<br />
V ~ ~ w d e r s o e k e eM J n de Kock* ~ and ~ L S <strong>van</strong> Niekerk<br />
daar<strong>van</strong> het daamp gedui dat m I& <strong>die</strong> tienew geen<br />
-d& d bedYn hrssen <strong>die</strong> Lmtrde<br />
preparate <strong>van</strong>& <strong>die</strong> argief en <strong>die</strong> snitte wat na t l7 jaar v is nie. In<br />
gevalvulhM9(maagmetulhrs)waseg~erduidelilregevaxderdeordolhe<br />
ttxmwdgDieniewge&h&~oldersoel,het<br />
bogenoemde histdogiese resultate Etlilre ubadhlb<br />
strnldme km herken word. Origens toon da <strong>die</strong> beeM <strong>van</strong> mm~ale . .<br />
dq&mdd,behalarcingeval~nM&.ln<strong>die</strong>imm~<br />
ondersoeke is <strong>die</strong> e r t met 'n reeks adiggame getoets<br />
rnaar~enlrelehartspierseIlehet~virvirnen~n<br />
getoets.<br />
~<strong>die</strong>ligvaubogememdeondersoeke,kan<strong>die</strong>~~ekiriag<br />
gem& word dat <strong>die</strong> -0ses <strong>van</strong> P&C seeder twyfel 'n<br />
voortreflilre metode <strong>van</strong> natmusmm-lllollsferbewadqg k, wat <strong>die</strong><br />
pataloogtotoitstekende~we~dogiesewdersoekeinstaat<br />
steL Bagewemde redtate is anielr aangesien hier<strong>die</strong> bea ' etode<br />
op hier<strong>die</strong> stadium, d.ws na feitlik 2 de- nog nie geevalneer is nie.<br />
CHARACTERIZATION OF BETA-LACI'AMASES FROM<br />
CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS<br />
M M Theron* and M J de Koek<br />
Dept. of Medical Microbiology, UOFS, Bloemfontein 9300<br />
Resistance in Pseudornonas to B-lactam antibiotics may be<br />
attributed to various mechanisms. one of which is the action<br />
Crude 5-ladamases were extracted from Pseudomonas<br />
isolates after cells were disrupted with a French Press. Semi<br />
quantitative substrate profiles for 16 &lactan antibiotics<br />
were determined by the <strong>van</strong> de Klundert procedure for both<br />
standard reference lactamases and Rlactamases from<br />
clinical isolates. The native MW of Blactamases were<br />
estimated by Polyacrylamide Gel Electro horesis (in the<br />
absence of SDS and denaturing conditions7 and an iodine-<br />
starch-penicillin test.<br />
The native MWs of crude enzymes were compared with<br />
their substrate profiles to detirrnine if any rklationship<br />
existed between MW and substrate ~rofile. Fourteen<br />
substrate profile soups were distindshed. Under the<br />
conditions-of thewassay the appareG native MW of the<br />
unknown B-lactamases varied between 19 000 and 400 000<br />
when compared with polypeptide reference standards. This<br />
indicates that most B-lactamases were relatively large<br />
molecules or more likely aggregates which varied in both<br />
apparent MW and affinity for different B-lactams.<br />
No clear direct relationship exist between MW and<br />
substrate profiles. This may be due to the inability of the<br />
iodine-starch-penicillin test used to estimate MW in the<br />
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure to detect<br />
enzymes primarily active against cephalosporins so that the<br />
detected ennrmes did not fully reflect the &lactarn<br />
inactivating ,capability of t6e different isolates.<br />
Alternatively, the detection limits of the <strong>van</strong> de Klundert<br />
techaique rrhy be much lower than that of the iodine-starchpenicillin<br />
procedure, -resulting in the observed disparity<br />
between the two data sets.<br />
PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION AND CELLULAR<br />
FA'ITY ACID COMPOSITION OF ACINETOBACTER<br />
SPECIES FROM CLINICAL ISOLATES<br />
Department of Medical Microbiology, UOFS<br />
Bloemfontein 9300<br />
A total of 181 Acinetobacter isolates from clinical sources<br />
were identified by biochemical, physical and cellular fatty<br />
acid-profile procedures. Fatty acid profiles were obtained<br />
by gas liquid chromatographic analysis (GLC). The<br />
biochemical tests were based on the API.20 NE system and<br />
additional tests. Physical tests comprised growth tests at 37,<br />
41 and 44°C.<br />
Principal component analysis of fatty acid profiles revealed<br />
two main groups when clustered by a 2-D plot program.<br />
Each main group contained two subgroups. Acinetobacter<br />
baumannii and Acinetobacter calmaceticus are included in<br />
group A and Acinetobacter iohnsonii and hybridization<br />
group 9 of Bouvet and Grirnont in group B.<br />
The currently accepted physical and biochemical tests for<br />
delineation of species do not distinguish<br />
between fatty acid profile groups. There is no correlation<br />
between tlie ability af isolates to grow at 44°C (Bowet and<br />
Grimont) and their species identification by either the API<br />
20 NE system or the microbial identification system (MIDI).<br />
based on cellular fatty acid composition.<br />
Biochemical and physical tests remain of limited value in<br />
identiwg strains at the species level and are of no value for<br />
epidemiological strain tracking. GLC proved to be a<br />
valuable tool both for species identification and strain<br />
tracking in the hospital environment.<br />
THE PLACE OF PENICILLIN THERAPY FOR<br />
GONOCOCCAL INFECTION H+I W1<br />
P L Botha* B de R i d and M M Anthony*<br />
*Medical Microbiology University of the Orange Free state<br />
Wealth Department, Municipality Bloemfontein<br />
Background: The validity of penicillin therapy in the<br />
empirical treatment of purulent ure- discharge is<br />
questioned in the light of worldwide evidence that there is a<br />
disquieting decrease in the sensitivity of Neisseria<br />
gonorrhoeae to this antibiotic. Traditionally gonococci are<br />
exquisitely sensitive (MIC < 0,01 mg/l) to benzyl penicillin:<br />
Aim:<br />
An investigation into the current status of penicillin as first<br />
line treatment of gonococcal infection in Bloemfontein was<br />
undertaken to ensure effective therapy.<br />
Materials and Methods:<br />
Urine specimens were collected from male patients<br />
attending a municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic.<br />
Susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae isolates to penicillin and a<br />
Chydroxy quinolone was determined by disc diffusion and<br />
minimal inhibitory concentration niethods,<br />
Results:<br />
Full penicillin sensitivity was observed in - 6% of isolates.<br />
Beta-lactamase activity was demonstrated in 14% and the<br />
MIC 90 was 4 mg/l.<br />
Marginal differences in enicillin sensitivity are not<br />
demonstrable by the disc d& sion test.
Quinolone sensitivi was within the accepted range<br />
(O,O3 */l) h 88% ~?hh@s.<br />
Conclusion: Containment of gonorrhoea requires effective<br />
antimlmbial &eram m adhtion to effective communitv<br />
health measures &h education programmes. ~eniciih<br />
cannot be considered first line therapy any longer. Hidden<br />
financial implications (morbidity, absenteeism from work)<br />
make it imperative to use alternative albeit more expensive<br />
antimiaoblal therapy.<br />
CONTAINMEWT OF ACINETOBACI'ER IN AN<br />
INTENSIVE CARE UNIT<br />
p L Botha J B de Vaal* L Ziady. L Hauman'<br />
Medical Microbiology Dept. UOFS/Universitas Hospital<br />
Bloemfontein<br />
*Critical Care Unit, 'Infection Control<br />
Acinetobacter bmunrmii is an opportunist pathogen in the<br />
hospital environment. High risk patients, whose natural<br />
defenses have been breached and who are exposed to<br />
so histicated antibiotics may be colonised and become<br />
l&cted with this organism, leading to prolonged morbidity.<br />
The environment is also likely to become contaminated.<br />
The aim of this study was to establish a means of clearing<br />
the environment of an intensive care unit of heteroresistant<br />
acinetobacter.<br />
Methods and Materials: AU patients colonised by or<br />
infected with acinetobacter were transferred to the isolation<br />
area of the unit until discharge from the unit.<br />
Uncolonised/uninfected patients were transferred to an<br />
area with suitabIe support systems and nursed there.<br />
Physical cleaning of the inanimate environment with soap<br />
and water was undertaken The airconditioning filters were<br />
replaced. All supplies were resterilised or discarded.<br />
Apparatus was similarly cleaned and microbiological<br />
monitoring of ventilator tubing was maintained. Staff were<br />
sent home for 48 hours to be recolonised by community<br />
organisms. Hygienic practices were reinforced.<br />
Results: After re-opening the unit was free of<br />
heteroresistant A. baumanii.<br />
Conclusion: Selection of antibiotic resistant acinetobacter<br />
occurred in consequence of exposure to an array of<br />
antibiotics. Simple hygienic measures ensured eradication.<br />
For this success to be maintained another dimension -<br />
antibiotic usage must be addressed.<br />
EVALUERING VAN ISEPAMICIN TEEN 8 ANDER<br />
-OBE MIDDEJS<br />
A Richter M Snyman F <strong>van</strong> der Merwe J S de Wet<br />
P Botha*<br />
Me<strong>die</strong>se Mikrobiologie<br />
Universitas hospitaal/UOVS<br />
Bloemfontein<br />
InIeiding: Isepamicin is 'n nme aminogiikosied.<br />
Doel: Vergelyking <strong>van</strong> in vitro aktiwiteit <strong>van</strong> isepamicin met<br />
8 ander antimikrobemiddels teen organismes <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
Materiale en Metodes: Ise amicin en 4 ander<br />
aminoglikosiede s a ~ as l 3 beta-Palstarn middels en 'n 4-<br />
hidroksie-kinoloon is teen sowat 200 isolate <strong>van</strong> 20<br />
verskillende geneh getoets dew middel <strong>van</strong> skyfie diffusie<br />
en bepaling <strong>van</strong> minimale inhiitoriese konsentrasies met<br />
behulp <strong>van</strong> vooraf voarbereide gevriesdroogde antimikrobe<br />
middel oplossings.<br />
Uitslae: Protem spp. was deurgaans gevoelig vir al <strong>die</strong><br />
middels. Acinetobacter spp. neig om minder gevoelig te<br />
wees teen meeste middels. Beta-laktamase positiewe<br />
genera is minder gevoelig vir beta-laktam middels tenvyl al<br />
<strong>die</strong> aminoglikosiede insluitend isepamicin steeds effektief<br />
bly.<br />
Gevolgtrekking: Isepamicin vergelyk goed met ander<br />
aminoglikosiede teen <strong>die</strong> organismes wat getoets is en is<br />
beter as beta-laktam middels teen Pseudornonas spp. Die<br />
kinoloon het goed vertoon.<br />
IS -0wpS NAHAODENSIS THB CRYPTIC HOST FOR<br />
RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS DURING INTER-<br />
KPIZOOTIC PEBIODS?<br />
A. GERICKE, M.J. OELOFSEN & M.S. SMITH<br />
Dept. of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, P.O.<br />
Box 339, UOFS, BLOEMFONTEIN, 9300<br />
The epizootic spread of Rift Valley Fever<br />
virus (RVFV) is sometimes, but not<br />
invariably, associated with heavy rains,<br />
favourable to mosquito vectors, and during<br />
intervening years RVFV infections occur in<br />
enzootic are-&. This pattern suggests that<br />
there is cryptic cycling of virus in wild<br />
reservoir hosts with incidental spread to<br />
domestic animals.<br />
Small mammals were collected in the Orange<br />
Free State and Northern Cape before and after<br />
the 1988 floods. A sero-epidemiological study<br />
was initiated in an attempt to ascertain<br />
which animal species act as reservoir host<br />
for RVFV. An ELISA was developed for the<br />
detection of IgG antibo<strong>die</strong>s against RVPV.<br />
Antibo<strong>die</strong>s against RVFV were found in the<br />
sera of 23% of the Aethamys namaquensis<br />
(Namaqua rock rat) collected. These results<br />
were confirmed by a neutralization test.<br />
Viraemic stu<strong>die</strong>s were performed on naive<br />
Aethomys namaquensis; the mice developed a<br />
viraemia, but did not become ill which<br />
suggests that Aethomys namaquensis can act as<br />
an asymptomatic carrier of RVFV.<br />
HEMOFIUE A: IDENTIFISERING VAN GEENDRAERS<br />
DEUR RFLP ANAUSE.<br />
Departement Hematolcgie, U.O.V.S., Bloemfontein.<br />
Hemofilie A is 'n oorerflike bloedingstoestand wat<br />
veroorsaak word deur 'n defektiewe faktor VIII-gem. Di<br />
het tot gevolg dat baie min bloedstolling plaasvind. Die<br />
faktor VIIIgeen kom op <strong>die</strong> langarm <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> X-<br />
chromosoom voor. Vroulike dram het 'n 50% risiko om<br />
geaffeMeerde seuns of draerdogters te h& Di is dus<br />
belanarik orn aeendraers te identifiseer om sodoende aan<br />
familii genW&ese voorliing en <strong>die</strong> opsie <strong>van</strong> -
618 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL 80 7DES 1991<br />
voorgeboorte diagnose te verskaf. Die aard <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
siekte, finasiae irnplikasies <strong>van</strong> behandeling en <strong>die</strong> risiko<br />
<strong>van</strong> HIV-besrnetting tydens faMor Vlll behandeling, rnaak<br />
voorgeboortelike diagnose 'n noodsaaklike diagnostiese<br />
keuse vir risiko-families.<br />
Mdd
VERGELYKING 'IUSSEdY DIE SENTRIFUGALE EN GELEIDINGSMETODE<br />
VIR DIE BEPALING VAN HEMATQgB+T BY A m GEDURENDE 'N 64<br />
KM WEDLDOP<br />
Dit is bekend dat dehidrasie en oorhidrasie h invloed het op <strong>die</strong> prestade <strong>van</strong><br />
atlete. Deur <strong>die</strong> hidrasie &at <strong>van</strong> 'n a& vhmig te diagooseer is <strong>die</strong> klbhs<br />
verder in staat om korrekte behadeling &nig toe te pas. Benewells 'n<br />
verandering in hematokrit, is dit ook bekend dat 'n veraodering in pH,<br />
eleLtrolietsamesten;nP en temperahmr <strong>die</strong> geldkg <strong>van</strong> bloed soca gem& &m<br />
<strong>die</strong> bloed elektrometer, beindod. Negentien atlete het aan <strong>die</strong> stn<strong>die</strong> deelgeneem.<br />
Bloed is aan dk begin (0 km), op 30 km, 47 km en 64 km by <strong>die</strong> atlete getrek. Die<br />
doel<strong>van</strong><strong>die</strong>stu<strong>die</strong>was(1)ombeide<strong>die</strong>sentrifugaleengeb PA<br />
. ,. odesvir<strong>die</strong><br />
bepaling <strong>van</strong> hematokrit op hgfshnd atlete met mekaar te ver&c asuok (2)<br />
om vas te stel of <strong>die</strong> vemdxb in bbckmke oarameters rakende DH en<br />
elektrolietsamesteRing <strong>van</strong> bloed 'n-indoed op <strong>die</strong> -ode het 'n-~oeie<br />
torrelazieishsea<strong>die</strong>sentrifugille-engde~ode~(okmr = On30 VERGELYKING VAN DIE INVUWD VAN METABOLIESE AFWYKINCS OP<br />
DIE BEPALING VAN EEMATOKRlT M W DIE !3HTRWUGALE hlElDDE,<br />
TECRNICON H1 APPARAAT EN DIE BU)ED ELEKTROMGIER<br />
Dit is bekend dat <strong>die</strong> sentrifogale metode vir hematokrit (HKT) bepaliqg<br />
~arorddemplasmawattussenroOisekmetsenhaugasie~word,<br />
asooLdeur<strong>die</strong>konsentrasie<strong>van</strong>waMoedsefleen<br />
Inhierdicsto<strong>die</strong>i~28mollsters<strong>van</strong>lOahmtsieLpasiante<br />
"<br />
ow 'n tydperL pdker. 'n<br />
d<strong>die</strong>noronale<br />
mik+te i. i p*P. m-, M+, CZ-+, -, L-, m m - ,<br />
pmteien-en~Lclnseotrasiesaaogetoon~<strong>die</strong> -betnie'n<br />
beteLePlnrolle invloed q, <strong>die</strong> gddbg+ en sent&&. metodes gehad nie (p =<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7 DEC 1991 619<br />
DIE GEBRUIK VAN 'N MILCROREIWUAR IN ANATOMIE-<br />
ONDERRIG.<br />
AGous. Departem& Anatomie en Selmorfohgkj U.O.VS.,<br />
Bloemfontein<br />
Vane <strong>die</strong> h& koste <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> beskikbare opvoedkundige leerpakkette en<br />
toerusting, is hier<strong>die</strong> ondersoek uitgevoer om te bepad of goedkwp<br />
mikrorekenaars gebruik kan word om anatomies beeldmateriaal te skep,<br />
in 'n databasis te berg en interal<strong>die</strong>f aan te wend as onderdeel <strong>van</strong> 'n<br />
mnltimedialeerpakket.<br />
Die groot hdd feitlike keMir waannee <strong>die</strong> Anatomiestudent<br />
gekonfronteer word, gee daartoe aanleiding dat <strong>die</strong> disseksie, wat <strong>die</strong><br />
. - drmbm&mk begrip <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> meuslike anatomie moet vasl6, dikwek<br />
onvoorbereid en op 'n wyse Mfgens 'n resep uitgevoer word.<br />
Ten eh& <strong>die</strong> student beter voor te berei vir disseksie en terselfdertyd<br />
selfstu<strong>die</strong> en 'n meer betekenisvolie stu<strong>die</strong>benadering am te moedig, is 'n<br />
multimedia leerpakket geskep waarin <strong>die</strong> mikrorekenaar en 'n databasis<br />
met anatomiese beeldmateriad 'n beIangrike rol speeL<br />
Die databasis stel <strong>die</strong> student in staat om interaktiewe drilwerk en<br />
selfevaluering met onmiddelike terugvoer toe te pas. Die databasis is<br />
geskik vir nuweling en gevorderde studente in enige stadium <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
Anatomiehus Vrae uit <strong>die</strong> databasis word in 'n toetsformaat aan <strong>die</strong><br />
student voorgehm en <strong>die</strong> aantal vrae, <strong>die</strong> moeiwcheidsgraad daar<strong>van</strong> en<br />
<strong>die</strong> aantal herhaliags kan na wiUekem deur <strong>die</strong> dosent gewrsig word.<br />
Resuhate word onmiddelik aan <strong>die</strong> student vertoon, maar word ook<br />
geberg vir toeLomstige oproeping dew <strong>die</strong> student of <strong>die</strong> dosent.<br />
Resultate kan gedruk word om 'n prestasieprofel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong> of <strong>van</strong> 'n<br />
individuele student op te stel Die prestasieprofel stel <strong>die</strong> k n t in staat<br />
om swair punte in <strong>die</strong> student se ke* woeg op te spoor en kan ook <strong>die</strong><br />
basis vorm <strong>van</strong> 'n *eking tnssen <strong>die</strong> dosent en <strong>die</strong> student.<br />
Gedmende <strong>die</strong> eksperimentele tydperk i <strong>die</strong> databasis &W studente in<br />
<strong>die</strong> eerste en <strong>die</strong> tweede shr<strong>die</strong>jaar gebruik. Gemiddeld 54 studente in <strong>die</strong><br />
eerste stu<strong>die</strong>jaar het <strong>die</strong> databasis by 835 gdeenthede gebruik met<br />
$emiddeld 3 herbaljngs <strong>van</strong> elke toets per student Die punk wat behaal<br />
is het met #d 24.4% gestyg hlssen <strong>die</strong> eerste en <strong>die</strong> haste poging.<br />
In <strong>die</strong> geval <strong>van</strong> tweedejaar studente het gemiddeld l20 studente <strong>die</strong><br />
databasis by 4454 geleenthede gebruiL met gemiddeld 2 herhliqp<br />
e h toets per student Die punte wat behaal is het met gemiddeld 127%<br />
gesfggtussen<strong>die</strong>eersteen<strong>die</strong>laastepoging.<br />
Die voorlopige redate dui daarop da! <strong>die</strong> databasis 'n Wdende rol<br />
kan speel m Anatomieondenig en by Bitstek by <strong>die</strong> nuweling student in<br />
Anatomie.<br />
VAN KERNGENEESKUNDIGE<br />
BEELDE MET 'N PERSOONLIKE REKENAAR<br />
DE Serfontein, CP Herbst, WP <strong>van</strong> Wvk, CF smith*, PH<br />
Pretorius en A <strong>van</strong> Aswegen<br />
Departemente Biofisika en ~ekenaanvetenska~~, UOVS,<br />
Bloemfontein<br />
In kerngeneeskunde word <strong>die</strong> radioaktiwiteit-verspreiding in<br />
'n pasient met 'n F waargeneem. Die beelde<br />
word egter verglad em <strong>die</strong> swak ruimtehke oplosvermoE <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> kamera en <strong>die</strong> verstrooiing <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> gammastrale in <strong>die</strong><br />
liggaam, terwyI <strong>die</strong> lae teIIings in <strong>die</strong> beeld Poisson-ruis<br />
veroorsaak.
620 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7.DES 1991<br />
Kerngeneeskundi e beelde is gerestoureer deur <strong>die</strong><br />
Wienerfilter ( W(!) ) in <strong>die</strong> Fourier-gebied toe te pas, waar<br />
met MOF <strong>die</strong> modulasie-oordrags-funksie wat <strong>die</strong> ruimtelike<br />
oplosvermoE vervat en RSV <strong>die</strong> ruis-tot-sein-verhouding. Die<br />
eerste term kanselleer <strong>die</strong> effek <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> ruimtelike<br />
oplosvermoE en doen dus randverskerping. By hoe<br />
frekwensies word <strong>die</strong> RSV baie groot en dus neig <strong>die</strong> hele<br />
tweede term na nul. Die filter onderdruk dus ook hoe-<br />
frekwensie ruis.<br />
Die resultate toon dat <strong>die</strong> Wienerfilter beter beeldrestourasie<br />
gee as <strong>die</strong> Hanningfilter, wat bloot hoe frekwensies<br />
onderdruk.<br />
Biophysia Department, UOFS, Bloemfontein.<br />
M u t e guantitation of radionuclide dktrhhu in man with the<br />
scidhth camera, is hampered by attenuation and scatter of photons.<br />
When scatter correction is satisfactorily performed attenuation is<br />
simpli6ed to narrow beam geometry. In this paper a new scatter<br />
correction technique is introdwed. In the absence of scatter the<br />
photopealr can be considered as a gaussian distribution and is divided m<br />
twa identical energy windows A and B. With scattering material present,<br />
the scatter contribution C and D is added to the m-scattered counts. If<br />
E=A+C, F=B+D, G=A/B and H=C/D, the ,total unscattered<br />
photopeak counts can be obtained as A+B= {(G+ l)(E-HF)}/(G-H).<br />
Ideally, G equals 1 and H equals 3. The validity of the equation A+B was<br />
established by determining G and H empirically and using these values to<br />
determine the linear attenuation coefficient for an attenuated source.<br />
~ethods] The intrinsic value of G was determined on a pixel-by-pixel<br />
bask for Tc-99m and also with a low energy collimator mounted. Sources<br />
filled with 10 MBq Tc-99m were imaged in varying depths of water and H<br />
calculated from the resulting attenuation we. The effed of the scatter<br />
correction method on resolution was furthermore determined by imaging<br />
line sources in varying depths of water and calculating the full width at<br />
half and tenth maximum (FWHM, FWTM).<br />
[Results] The mean intrinsic G value was 1.07 (+0.12) and varied<br />
between 0.76 and 151 over the total image with the extreme values mostly<br />
on the edges. For the useful field of view the mean G value was 1.05<br />
(kO.11). The optimum fit to the attenuation curves was found with<br />
H= .OS. This resulted in an average linear attenuation coeffiaent of 0.1%<br />
cm- 2 . No drastic improvement was found in FWHM of the line source,<br />
but the scatter corredion technique resulted in a 24% improvement of<br />
FWTM at a depth of 100 mm water.<br />
[Discussion] A simple, accurate method to correct for scatter is described<br />
This method can be applied to improve quantitation of radionudide<br />
distribution on planar and SPEC3 images.<br />
WHOLEBODY IRRADIATION FOR MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES -<br />
AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD WITH THE PATIENT<br />
RECUMBENT<br />
~Botha*. ~.~nvman*.~.~illemse. G.- Huyssteen and L<br />
~oedhals:<br />
Departments of Oncotherapy and Biophysics , U.OF-S.,<br />
Bloemfontein.<br />
Electron beam radiation is very effective in the treatment of<br />
cutaneous mycosis fungoides. When hi doses are applied it may<br />
result in a complete response rate o S" 86 % in limited plaque<br />
disease falling to 44 % in tumorous disease.<br />
In current whole body irradiation techniques the patient is<br />
required to stand erect during treatment for up to three hours.<br />
Wepresent an alternative radiographic method where the atient<br />
remains recumbent during treatment for approximate& two<br />
hour<<br />
A contour is first taken at the level of the patients' xiphoid<br />
sternum in the prone and supine positions with arms held above<br />
the head. Three to four treatment regions (60 X 60 cm) are then<br />
identijied depending on the len* of the patient. The cenees are<br />
70 cm apart and both the supenor and inferior region must extend<br />
beyond the arms and legs respectively. Six treatment fields (4<br />
Mev electrons) are a plied to each re on (anterior, posterior, left<br />
and right anterior obique and left anfright postenor obhque).<br />
For the anterior and posterior fields the patient lies on the floor<br />
with the tube at OD, obli ue fields are applied on the treatment<br />
table with the tube at 308 and 6' E e-shielding (lead or wax) is<br />
utilized for the anterior fields. l'& dosimeters were used to<br />
determine doses.<br />
Special equipment developed includes. a "probe" to ensure<br />
treatment regions of 60 X 60 cm, extension for the treatment table<br />
and measuring rod (2m) to ensure a correct F.S.D..<br />
This alternative method has been applied to 12 atients and has<br />
proved to be both accurate and prachral, cspdafly in the case of<br />
patients significantly weakened by the disease.<br />
Nd: YAG LASER AS PALLIATIEWE BEHANDELING BY<br />
BRONGUSTUI4ORE<br />
M Pretorius*, F P J le Roux.<br />
Afdeling Fulmonologie, Departement Interne<br />
Geneeskunde, UOVS.<br />
'n Stu<strong>die</strong> is gedoen om <strong>die</strong> moontlikheid te<br />
ondersoek of <strong>die</strong> Nd:YAG laser aangewend kan word<br />
in <strong>die</strong> behandeling <strong>van</strong> endobrongiale tumore.<br />
Pasiente met brongoskopiese en sitologiese<br />
bevestiging <strong>van</strong> brongustumore is gebruik.<br />
Die Nd:YAG laser werk op <strong>die</strong> beginsel <strong>van</strong><br />
koagulering <strong>van</strong> protexenbevattende elemente in<br />
<strong>die</strong> weefsel.<br />
Die laser het verskillende stadia <strong>van</strong> werking:<br />
1. koagulering <strong>van</strong> weefsel<br />
2. verdamping <strong>van</strong> sellulgre vog<br />
3. verkoling <strong>van</strong> weef sel<br />
4. verdamping <strong>van</strong> droe materie<br />
Daar is bevind dat daar na laserterapie <strong>die</strong><br />
volgende waargeneem kan word:<br />
1. Afname in tumoqnassa weens koagulering en<br />
verdamping soos klinies waargeneem tydens<br />
laserbehandeling.<br />
2. Verbetering in <strong>die</strong> belugting <strong>van</strong><br />
parenchiemale komponente distaal tot<br />
tumormassa soos radiologies waargeneem.<br />
3. Verbetering in longfunksie soos<br />
weerspieel deur vloei-volume kurwe.<br />
4. Onmiddelike simptomatiese verligting soos<br />
deur pasient beskryf .<br />
A STUDY TO DETECT A POSSIBLE INTERACTION OF<br />
IPSAPIRONE WITH HUMAN INSULIN IN TYPE I AND TYPE<br />
I1 DIABETICS FOLLOWING SINGLE AND REPEATED<br />
ADMINISTRATION OF IPSAPIRONE HCL<br />
HG ~uus*, G Groenewoud, HKL Hundt, F0 Miiller en M<br />
<strong>van</strong> Dyk.<br />
Department of Pharmacology, University of the<br />
Orange Free State, PO Box 339; Bloemfontein,<br />
Republic of South Africa.<br />
Ipsapirone, a pyrimidinyl piperazine derivative<br />
related to buspirone, is under investigation for<br />
its anxiolytic activity. Since diabetes is a<br />
chronic condition, there is a strong possibility
that ipsapirone HCl may be administered to<br />
who are receiving insulin. This study<br />
set out to examine the effect, if any, of<br />
ipsapirone on the blood glucose profiles of<br />
insulin patients.<br />
m open study was conducted in fifteen diabetic<br />
persons (8 males and 7 females) who continued on<br />
their normal insulin dose throughout the study.<br />
~lood samples were drawn to determine glucose<br />
levels on Day 1 (baseline) of the study, on Day 2<br />
after a single dose of ipsapirone HC1 5mg and on<br />
Day 7 after multiple doses of ipsapirone HC1 5mg<br />
t.i.d. Ipsapirone concentrations were also<br />
determined from the blood samples drawn on Days 2<br />
and 7.<br />
The geometric means of the plasma glucbse AUC(O-<br />
5h) on DBys 1, 2 and 7 were 56.9, 48.1 and 44.7<br />
mmol.h/ml respectively. The corresponding mean<br />
oh glucose levels were 10.0, 7.21 and 6.69<br />
mmol/l. After correcting for differences in Oh<br />
glucose levels, it was shown that a single dose<br />
of ipsaplrone HC1 does not influence glucose<br />
levels in patients stabilised on insulin. It was<br />
necessary to correlate AUC(0-8h) of ipsapirone on<br />
Day 7 with the difference in glucose AUC(0-5h)<br />
between Days 1 and 7 to show that this also holds<br />
after multiple dosing of ipsapirone HC1.<br />
It is concluded that the addition of ipsapirone<br />
HC1 to existing insulin regimens does not affect<br />
blood glucose control; adjustment of insulin<br />
dosage should not be required.<br />
ConcLsion: Excessive phagocytosis of carbon parCdes - to such an<br />
erdentlhatthemaprityofmacrophagescontainmoreIhanaOcarbon<br />
parfidea;inhibitsingestionof~~arganiwrslhis<br />
ewklpiayanrajorrdeinthepalhophysidogyof-amongst<br />
Blacks<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL 80 7DEC 1991 621<br />
A NEW MOLECULAR GENETICS LABORATORY IN<br />
BLOEM FONTEBN.<br />
W.M. ~oslw*, W WoWdt<br />
Dept. of Haematology, Dept. of Neurology,<br />
U.O.F.S., Bloemfontein.<br />
Extraordinary props in the understanding of the<br />
structure and funmon of human genes has been made in<br />
the past 25 years. Techniques have been developed for<br />
the manipulation and study of genes in both normal and<br />
abnormal states. Many of these achievements have been<br />
extremely importaqt to medicine, and have led to the<br />
osis of base defects at the DNA hel and<br />
un erstanding of the bimical mechanisms af several<br />
diseases.<br />
The use of DNA probe testing for several single gene<br />
disorders has been increasing since this development<br />
was first reported in 1978. Because of the importance of<br />
early diagnosis in MEN 24 prenatal diagnosis and ability<br />
to distinguish carrier females from non-carriers In<br />
Hemophilia A, we decided to undertake a p~lot study with<br />
the purpose of establishing a routine service.<br />
In this poster we describe the disorders for which we are<br />
trying to establish a routine service. Although our<br />
research is still in an experimental stage, we report a few<br />
interesting findings, and hope to provide a routine service<br />
in the near future. . % J - ~ ~<br />
, , -<br />
ME CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY OF ANTICOAGULANT rDNA<br />
- HIRUDIN.<br />
B.H. Meyer, F.O. Muller, H.G. Luus, H.-J.<br />
Rothig* and H. Grotsch*.<br />
Dept. of Pharmacology, University of the Orange<br />
Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.<br />
*Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Federal Republic of<br />
Germany.<br />
Recombinant hirudin in single and multiple in-<br />
travenous and subcutaneous doses ranging between<br />
0.01 and 0.5 mg/kg, was given to 89 healthy -<br />
males to investigate its tolerability, phar-<br />
macokinetics and -dynamics.<br />
The compound was tolerated we1 l . The el imination<br />
half-life of hirudin in plasma was about 1 hour;<br />
total clearance about 220 ml/min; renal<br />
clearance about 100 ml/min. For our dose range<br />
it obeys first-order pharmacokinetics.<br />
Both activated partial thromboplastin time<br />
(aPTT) and 'thrombin time (TT) were dosedepen-<br />
dently increased by hirudin. For our dose range<br />
the correlation coefficient (r) between increase<br />
above base1 ine of aPl7 (y) and hirudin plasma<br />
concentrations (X) was 0.92 and a l inear<br />
relationship between the two variables: y =<br />
10.43 + 0.06~ was a satisfactory approximation.<br />
Hirudin elicited large increases in TT.<br />
Conclusion: Hirudfn is tolerated well and yields<br />
predictable anticoagulant effects.
622 SAW VOL. 80 7 DES 1991<br />
BEPALING VAN KAFEiEN IN URIEN EN<br />
PLASMA DEUR GASCHROMATOGRAFIE<br />
H&KEu&K en PJ <strong>van</strong> der Merwe<br />
Dept Farmakologie, UOVS BLOEMFONTEIN<br />
Inleiding<br />
Kafeien, 'nstimulant <strong>van</strong><strong>die</strong> sentrale senuw&lsel, word soms inge-<br />
neem om sportprestasies te verbeter. Gevolglik beskou <strong>die</strong> Interna-<br />
side Olimpiese Komitee dit as 'n oortreding as <strong>die</strong> konsentrasie~n<br />
kafeb in urien her as l&@ is. Om dus MS te stel watter kafeien-<br />
konsentrasie bereik word na <strong>die</strong> inname <strong>van</strong> kafeien, is dit noodsaaklik<br />
om 'n betroubare metode te h€ om kafeien te be@ in biologiese<br />
vloeistawwe.<br />
Doe1<br />
Die doe1 <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> was dus om 'n vinnige, eemudige ea betrou-<br />
bare metode te ontwikkel vir <strong>die</strong> bepaling <strong>van</strong> kafeien in plasm en<br />
urien, deur gebruik te maak <strong>van</strong> gaschromatografie.<br />
Metade<br />
Plasma- of urienmomters (lml), met metakaloon as inteme standaard,<br />
is g&kstraheer met tolueen:chlor&rm en <strong>die</strong> organiese fase is op <strong>die</strong><br />
gaschr~~tograaf~~~espuit<br />
Rewltate<br />
Die kalibrasiekromme <strong>van</strong> kafeien in urien en plasma is hie& tot<br />
35/(g/ml Die laagste akkuraat-bepaalbare konse&asie <strong>van</strong> kafeien in<br />
urien en plasma is onderskeidelik 0,2 en l,@g/ml<br />
Gevolgimkking<br />
Met hier<strong>die</strong> analitiese metode kan kafe'ienkonsentrasies in urien en<br />
plasma op 'n betroubare, eemudige en vinnige metode bepad word.<br />
Tegelykertyd kan ook vasgestel word of <strong>die</strong> maksimum toelaatbare<br />
kafeienkonsentrasie <strong>van</strong> l&@ in urien nie oonkry word nie.<br />
cMX-4ms<br />
THE INFLUENCE OF BENZBROMARONE, AS IN<br />
ALLOMAUON~, ON ALLOPURINOUOXUP~IUNOL KINETICS<br />
IN PATIENTS WITH GOUT<br />
F0 Miiller, G Groenewoud, HKLHundt, R Schall, JC<strong>van</strong> der Merwe,<br />
M <strong>van</strong> Dyk. Department of -, University of the Orange<br />
Free State, BLOEMFONTEIN, South Africa<br />
Gout is characterised by either excessive productionor decreased renal<br />
clearance of uric acid or both of these. Therefore. wevention of<br />
attadrs of acute gout & based on decreasing produdon (xanthine<br />
axidase inhibitors) and enhancing excretion (uricosuric agents) of uric<br />
acid Following absorption, themthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol,<br />
is rapidly converted to its active metabolite, oxypurinol, which has a<br />
half-Iife of 18 to 30h. The slow renal clearance of axypurinol, apparently<br />
due to tubular reabsorption, suggests that its elimination may be<br />
enhanced by uricosuric agents like benzbromarone.<br />
The objective of this study wasdo establish if, and to what extent,<br />
benzbromarone. as in Allomaron (allo~urinol lOOme + benzbromarone<br />
20mg), allopurino~&urinbl *tics an2 to compare the<br />
uric acid lowerine ca~abiiities of Allomaron and allo~urinol alone in<br />
patients with co&r~&~I gout.<br />
Fourteen adult males participated in this open, randomised, cross-over<br />
studv. All ~atients had been on allo~urinol as sole maintenance therapy.-Mte;a<br />
7 day run-in period witk 2fMmg allopurinol @yloprimK)<br />
mane, patients we% randomly allocated to AUomaron (2 tablets<br />
mane) or Zyloprim (200mg mane). Eight days later cross-over was<br />
effected and the alternate treatment instituted for a further 7 days. On<br />
days 7 and 14 the subjects were hospitalised and venous blood samples<br />
obtained over a 24h period for allopurinol and axypurinol assays by<br />
means of an HPLC method. Serum uric acid was determined on days<br />
-14,l. 7 and 14.<br />
-administration of allouurinol and benzbromarone resulted in a<br />
signiscant reduction in piasma oxypurinol concentrations, probably<br />
due to comtitive inhiition of renal tubular reabsorption of oxypurino1<br />
by be&omarone. In spite of this obsewed pharmacol&etic<br />
interae'tion the combination of allopuripol and benzbromarone<br />
(U)Omgl40mg daily) is significantly &re effective than allopurinot<br />
(200mg daily) alone in lowering serum uric acid concentrations.<br />
THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF MIGLXTOL OVER A<br />
THERAPEUTIC DOSE RANGE'<br />
~~~~~iiller,~<strong>van</strong>q.k,~~~;uug~~ro<br />
Hundt. Dept of Pharmacology, UOFS, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein.<br />
The therapeutic principle of glueosidase hhiition is a valuable ad<strong>van</strong>ce<br />
in the improvement of metabolic ward h diabetic patients.<br />
Miglitol (BAY m IOW), a potent and safe intestinal alpha-glueosidase<br />
inhibitor, prevents post-prandial blood-glucose and -insulin peaking<br />
after a carbohydrate-rich meaZ<br />
The purpose of the study was to determine the pharmacokinetic variables<br />
of miglitol wer the dose range of 25- 50mg lOOmg and 200mg.<br />
A double-blind, cross-over study was employed The treatment phases<br />
were semted bv a 7 &vs drue-free interval. Blood (0-10hl and urine<br />
(&24hjsamPles kere &11ecte'd for migliml assays.' ~6tio11 was<br />
adnhktered at the beginning of a standard breakfast Twenty-five<br />
healthy, non-smoking male subje.cts, aged between 18 and 23 years,<br />
completed all the treatment phases. Miglitol was determined in p b<br />
after de~roteinisation fultrafiltration\ and in mine after a~~ro~riate<br />
dilution'by measuring 'the inhibition capacity against a-gf~~dasc.<br />
P-nitrophenyl-a-D-gluc~~ranoside (NPG) was used as substrate.'Ibe<br />
p-nitrophe&l reld &ring the eq&tic reaction semd as a<br />
measure of the inhibited and non-inhiibited enzyme reactions.<br />
Miglitol does not obey linea~ kinetic principles. The normalised Crnar<br />
(W) decreased (242 1.90.1.45 and 1.02\. tmax Ih\ increased (2.12<br />
-,-275 and 331) &d t6e normalised'hJ~ (&W) decrd<br />
(11.9, 11.0.858. and 7.28). The terminal half-life (h) increased (2.16.<br />
%23,236 and 2W) and& percentage urinary ;e;?overy decreased<br />
(95.7,90.1,755 and 59.7) as the dose of midito1 was increased over the<br />
&ge 25mg, SOq, 100& and 200mg reqkctively.<br />
Miglitol absorption and elimination kinetics are not linear: '"Satura-<br />
tion" of absomtion Drocesses aDDears to occur with inmeasinn oral<br />
doses. ~urtherbore,ihe eliminalibn half-life increased as a funzon of<br />
dose. Cumulation must therefore be considered a ~~sslbilihr with<br />
multiple dosing in the 200mg or higher range. The auence hf impaired<br />
renal function on miglitol clearance may be of clinical import-<br />
-<br />
ance and needs further investigation.<br />
'n EKSTaAKSIE METODEVIIt DIE GASCHROMATOGRAFIESE<br />
BEPALING VAN 'a YERSKEIDENHEID BASIESE GENEES<br />
MXDDELS IN BXOLOGIESE VLOEISTOWWE<br />
IiKL. Hundt Dept Farmako1ogie. UOVS,<br />
BLOEMFONIEIN<br />
Die ontwikkeling <strong>van</strong> 'n bepkgmetode wat gebruik maak <strong>van</strong> 'n<br />
kleinvohune finale ekstrak en geskik is vir <strong>die</strong> ekstraksie en kwantita-<br />
tiewe bepaling <strong>van</strong> 'n verskeidenheid basiese geneesmiddels in<br />
biologiese vloeistowwe.<br />
Motode<br />
Die metode behels <strong>die</strong> ekstraksie met 'n organiese oplosmiddel <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> basiese middel by 'n &skikte pH uit 'n biologiese v1oeistof gevolg<br />
dew terugeJistralrsK in 'mwrduude suuroplossing, aElralinisering <strong>van</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong> suur en 'pfinale ekstmksiein'nkleinvolurne oplosmiddel, wadEvao<br />
$1 gaschromatografies geanaliseer word<br />
Rcsllltate<br />
Genees- Reikwydte Limiet Her- Akknmatheid Presisie<br />
mwel (nghnl) (n%ml) winniag (sylligheid96) (m)<br />
(96) Lae H& h e HOE<br />
h irons Irons Irons<br />
Dotiapien<br />
mew A 1.28-81.0<br />
Dotiapien<br />
0.90<br />
L<br />
59.4 +5.76 -0.U 7.05 156<br />
metode B 1.20-783 1.00 72.7 +7.08 +5.81 4.94 2.23<br />
Chloorfen$amien<br />
121-40.7 1.20 63.7 -1030 -053 22.3 7.27<br />
Dekstrometorfaan<br />
123-20.4 1-00 583 -28.20 + 121 15.8 5.43<br />
~ie<br />
&to& is &kik vir <strong>die</strong> kwantitatiewe bepaling <strong>van</strong> 'n versleiden-<br />
heid basiese eeneesmiddek Voldoende henuinnine herhaalbaarheid.
HlRUDIH<br />
J.S. narLA m =l-1 1M THE ELDERLY<br />
PWARMAOOKINElKSOEPJDFQIPINE:GTZSAFIERSINGLE<br />
de 1 a R ~ ~ ~ o N. DOSE u AND ATSlEADYflA'IE S , W HltiAL'IHYEIDERLY AND<br />
&pt. of^^ H-J. RBthig* WUI H. 6riitschc<br />
YOUNG S-<br />
State<br />
Phamcology, University of the Orange Free<br />
yest-ie#loct.f~ntein<br />
.any.<br />
and W h s t A6, Frankfurt,<br />
Ten hea<br />
study tjth~, elderl~ v~lunteers participated in a<br />
investigate tbe effect of ageing on the<br />
phamco$inetics of hirudin. A si l= dose of 0.1<br />
z:: $p administered intravmouqy; blood md<br />
pens were collected sequential ly, hirudin<br />
tisle (pponcentratims and partial throllboplastin<br />
T) of blood ere measured in all specilens.<br />
cobeentrations and creatiniae were aeasured<br />
in the urine. Safety phatnacalogy - clinical<br />
chm'stlJI, haematology and urinalysis - was per-<br />
foe*<br />
A conparison uas aade between the phar-<br />
mcok'ne\ics of hirudin in the elderly and in ywng<br />
hunteers receiving 0.1, 0.35 and 0.5 .g/kg<br />
hirudin z ..<br />
-;kT1c VARUBtES<br />
The loaxib hirudin plasma concentration was 668 ng/<br />
g !<br />
499 - 860 &8l) and was observed at<br />
e area \rtrder the plasma coacentration ti.e<br />
cUwe wat 715 ng.h/ml. This was between 10 and 34%<br />
h!gher than the mean values of the young volunteers,<br />
with comespondiag lower total clearance. The total<br />
ti* and total volume of distribution for the 0<br />
- 5h PWod were about 35% and 8% respectively,<br />
higher than for young volunteers. The .can urinary<br />
recovery of hirudin for the elderly was almost 20%<br />
less thaq for the young ,volunteers.<br />
kan ren;il clearance of 61.8 ml/8in of the elderly<br />
volunteeh was about 40% lower than that of the<br />
young v01 unteers .<br />
mLwIon<br />
Hirudin was tolerated well. Both total body<br />
clearance and renal clearance were lower in the el-<br />
derly group than in young volunteers. There was a<br />
good correl at i on between creat ini ne clearance and<br />
total body clearance.<br />
Dosing may have to be adapted in accordance with<br />
creatfnine clearance when large doses are given to<br />
elder1 y patients.<br />
- ~ -<br />
A l q E w ~ m r r r a D r o a T m ~ o a r<br />
Hc ~arnard*, JB Itruger. Departrent of<br />
Chaical Pathology, 11OPS, PO Box 339, Bloerfcmtein<br />
9300.<br />
a r ~<br />
The presented here displays goad reeoluticm of<br />
all d, less baseline noise than the misting<br />
,U and bars the dvautage of separating B-carotem<br />
frost intm5ering peeks lib retin01 etearate. Tbe<br />
,- is able to differentiate betveen cis ad trans<br />
iso-s ~f B-carotene and the analytical procedure<br />
has a the spau of 15 minutes.<br />
GGroenetvoud8,HGLuue,FO~, MvooDykHKLEtuadL<br />
Department~.UOF$POBonU9(G6X~<br />
2Althougharnlnnllntinaof~nifedipimdoesooouwhenadministered<br />
onm daily, it is WY of no clinical relePpace.<br />
THE INFLUENCE OF INTRAGASTIUC- AND URINE -pH<br />
MAMPUUTK)NONFUROSEMLDEKINEllCSANDDYNAMI~<br />
INHEALTBY-
624 <strong>SAMJ</strong> VOL. 80 7 DES 1991<br />
A SENSlTlVE HPU: METHOD FOR TFIE DETERMI[NATION OF<br />
MAPROTIUNEJNPLASMA<br />
IN VNOANnTaOMBOTEESEEFFEKTEVANLOgALEVERSUS<br />
SISTEMIESE TERAPIE MET STERg ANTAGONISIE VAN<br />
TROMBIEN<br />
HF Ib ' A Lumsden, LA Harker, SR Hanson. Departement<br />
Hemak?gie, UOVS, Bloedomdn en Afdekg<br />
Hematolog..e/Onkalogie, Emory <strong>Universiteit</strong>, Atlanta, Ga.<br />
Trombien sDeel 'n sleutekol in arteriE1e trombose. en daar is<br />
verskeie sterk, 60tegnologies-ontwikkelde antitrombie&iddels wat<br />
h-on<br />
Maprotiline is a tetracyclic anti&pressant drug drug in the thetreatment<br />
of a variety of depressive states and other psychiatric disorders. Although<br />
a number of HPLC methods have been published for the stalling en vlaatiiefunksie inbier. Hier<strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong> ver~elvk <strong>die</strong> Iokale<br />
determinationof maprotiline in plasma, it did not fulfill our needs since versus-sistkmi& antitrombotiese effekte <strong>van</strong> rekomb'i&te hirudin,<br />
we needed a sensitive method for the determination of low plaqm DPhe-Pro-Arg-chlorom&el ketoon @FPRCHfl) en heparien op<br />
concentrations of maprotiline in a bioavailability trial The volunteers plaatjie-neerllegging (PN) op trombogeniese Dacron vaskuI€re<br />
received only 75mg of maprotiline since higher dosages caused severe prosteses (05 m?. Die pr0Stese.s is in silikombberbuise (4 mm id)<br />
adverse effects.<br />
ingebou en as ver1engstukke in permanente kmorale arteriweneuse<br />
Aim<br />
fistels in bobbejane e laas In 12 kontrole stu<strong>die</strong>s het PN (gemeet as<br />
<strong>die</strong> neerlegging <strong>van</strong>qSh-kmerkte plaatjies met h sidikekamera)<br />
Our aim was therefore to develop a sensitive method for the determi-<br />
'n maksirmrm <strong>van</strong> 2,1+0,3 X 109 plaatjies neergele na 2,S nur bereik<br />
nation of low concentrations of maprotiline in plasma<br />
PN het dan afgeneem na 1,8?0,3 X 19 plaatjies na 4 uur. In alle<br />
Method<br />
stu<strong>die</strong>s waar <strong>die</strong> <strong>die</strong>re behandel is, is 'n trombus toegelaat om vir 15<br />
Fromplasma, maprotiline and the internal standard nortriptyline, were minute op <strong>die</strong> prostese te vorm v&rdat daar met beh&eling begin is.<br />
extracted with <strong>die</strong>thvlether. 'Ihe omanic laver, transferred to a clean Sistemiese behandelim met r-hirudin (20 nmd/k~-mid en D<br />
ampoule was evapokted to dryness-and thk residue derivatized with FPRCHZCl (100 nmol/&nin) het PN tydek -infusik Nadat<br />
' '<br />
daosyi chloride by leaving it in the dark at room temperature for 30 min. <strong>die</strong> behandeling gestaak is, is plaatjies weer neergelk M PN<br />
Proline was added to remove the- dansyl chloride and the deri- was egter met 20 - 40 % ge-bhiier in vergelyking met <strong>die</strong> kontrole<br />
vatized product extracted with <strong>die</strong>thylether. The <strong>die</strong>thylether was stu<strong>die</strong>s. Heparin (plasmavlak = 2,S U/d) het nie 'n imrloed op PN<br />
&erred to a dean ampoule, evaporated to dryness, the residue gehad nie (p >0,02). In <strong>die</strong> stu<strong>die</strong>s waar <strong>die</strong> middel Iokaal toege<strong>die</strong>n<br />
dissolved in mobile phase and an aliquot injected onto the HPLC is, was PN met 82 % ge-<strong>die</strong>er oor 'n 4-uur stu<strong>die</strong>periode (p~0.001,<br />
c o h Chromatography was performed in reverse phase mode on a<br />
n=5) dew behandeling met 13 mg/ml D-FPRCHzQ vir l5 minute.<br />
Lokale behandeGg met r-hirudin (30 mg/d) was nie effektief<br />
Bischoff, Spherisorb ODS E, 5p, 125x4.6mm column, and the<br />
nie<br />
analyte<br />
@>0,05; n=5). In kontrole stu<strong>die</strong>s waar <strong>die</strong> rostese vir 21 uur in <strong>die</strong><br />
detected by fluorescence at exatation and emission wavelengths of<br />
permanente fistel gelaat is, het trombus-l' P In-aktiwiteit met 3 %<br />
360M1 and 470nm respectively.<br />
toegeneem. Lokale behandeling <strong>van</strong> 'n 15 minuut-oue trombus met<br />
Rdts<br />
DFPRCH2Cl het trombus-l%-aktiwiteit met 46 % laat afneem in<br />
Caliiration curves were linear to at least 7lngIml with the hit of <strong>die</strong>selfde tydperk. Dus, korttermyn, &IS min) lokale behandetkg<br />
quantification set at l.lng/ml The derhives we-re stable for at least <strong>van</strong> vormende trombi met DFPRCHzQ verminder of verhoed (vir<br />
24 hours.<br />
>21 uur) opvolgende trombus-groei Sistemiese behandeling met r-<br />
hirudin en DFPRCHZQ vir 1 uur met konsentrasies wat stolling<br />
Condasion<br />
totaal inhieer (AF"IT>300 sekondes) het tot gevolg dat <strong>die</strong> trombus<br />
The procedure provided us with a sensitive and reliable method to wat tydens 4 urn gevom het, betekenisvol Heiner was as m koatrole<br />
determine low concentrations of maprotiline for 6 days in plasma after stu<strong>die</strong>s.<br />
a single 75mg oral dose of maprotiline.
. ,<br />
LETTERS II, BFUEW<br />
625 BTW vir me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste, A. S. Coetzee<br />
626 Protein content of amniotic fluid - ~ittXls in<br />
629 Tertiary role of critical care in academic hospitals,<br />
P. D. Porgieter, J. M. J. Hammad, R. Pike<br />
-<br />
research planning, J. Dommisse<br />
626 AIRoholachrertensies, T. H. Pegel<br />
626 Emergency treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses,<br />
M. T. Henry; S. A. Swam<br />
629 Danger of inhaling trichloro-ethane, C. G. Fossacs<br />
630 Disability benefits, M. Enioa<br />
630 Innovative medicine?,D. Pamatl0euttlOeuttz; C. Sirnon<br />
628 Cost of neonatal care, A. F. Malrm, C. W. <strong>van</strong> der 652 MO= about W i b Jolly, T. James<br />
-.<br />
blsf<br />
TW vir me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste<br />
-<br />
632 A smoker on the cover, C. F. <strong>van</strong> der Mme 628 A hypothesis, and an answer to an ancient riddle,<br />
D. G. B. PmeR 632 Schistosomiasis of the spinal cord, W. Gordon<br />
Aan <strong>die</strong> Redaktem Dit wil voorkom asof BTW 'n voldonge<br />
feit is en dat ons leiers 0.a. drs. Hanekom en<br />
Mandell nie veel uitgerig geluy het en heel waarskynlik <strong>die</strong><br />
handdoek ingegooi het.<br />
Die MVSA se strategie is om voort te gaan met vert&<br />
vir <strong>die</strong> instel <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> nul-koers op me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste omdat<br />
BTW gesondheids.org minder toeganklik en minder bekostigbaar<br />
sal maak. Dit sal 'n negatiewe uitwerking op <strong>die</strong><br />
Dit is ironies dat 'n land soos <strong>die</strong> RSA, wat berug is vir<br />
sy misbm <strong>van</strong> menseregte @v. apartheid, <strong>die</strong> Steve Biko<br />
debakel) nou na nog 'n onmenslike fase beweeg het Ons as<br />
gesondheid <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> gemeenskap he.<br />
Die MVSA het beslis nie boedel oorgegee nie. Trouens,<br />
voortgesette samesprekings en vertoE tot owerhede het<br />
dokters gaan nou belastinggaarders <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> siekes word. reeds tot verskeie verligtingsmaatreels gely. Van <strong>die</strong> toe-<br />
Orals word kompers gelaai om 10Y0 belasting by <strong>die</strong>nste te gewings wat alreeds dew <strong>die</strong> owerhede aangekondig is, wat<br />
voeg. Sedea <strong>die</strong> begin <strong>van</strong> tyde het geneeshere onder 'n direkte uitwerking op gesondheidsorg het, is:<br />
dwang gewerk Hulle het gepraktiseer in alle soorte hel,<br />
peste, hongersnode, slagvelde, ge<strong>van</strong>genisskap en in alle<br />
denkbare bose toestande. Twee duisend vier honderd jam<br />
1. 'n Aanpassing <strong>van</strong> 10% <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> rniddeletoets waarvolgens<br />
meer pasiente vir Staatsgesondheidsorg sal kwaliker.<br />
gelede het Hippocrates 'n getuigshif opgestel wat ons ver- 2. Die toestaan <strong>van</strong> vrygesrelde status aan Staats- en<br />
maan om ons pasiente te help maar 'nie wandade nie'!<br />
Verder vermaan hy 'eke geneesheer om horn te weerhou<br />
<strong>van</strong> elke vrgwillige aksie <strong>van</strong> onheil en kormpsie. . .'. Deur<br />
provinsiale hospitale en klinieke wat deur <strong>die</strong> Staat en<br />
plaaslike owerhede bedryf word - dit sal koste vir pasibte<br />
by hier<strong>die</strong> instansies verminder.<br />
a1 <strong>die</strong> jare wat ek gepraktiseer het, het ek nog altyd gedink<br />
dat ons na <strong>die</strong> pasibt in sy totaliteit moet kyk, bv. 'n man<br />
met 'n vrou en drie kinders waar<strong>van</strong> hy <strong>die</strong> broodwinner is.<br />
In<strong>die</strong>n hier<strong>die</strong> broodwinner iets oorkom wat langtennyn<br />
3. Die algemene verlaging <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> BTW-koers <strong>van</strong> 12%<br />
na 10Y0 as direkte voordeel vir <strong>die</strong> individuele verbruiker.<br />
Dit behoort kleiner verhogings in bydraes tot me<strong>die</strong>se<br />
skemas en tariefaanpassings tot gevolg te h&<br />
behandeling nodig het gaan BTW onheil en hongersnood 4. Die aankondiging <strong>van</strong> 'n R2?0 miljoen bystandskema<br />
op <strong>die</strong> familie bring met ons Grywillige aksie'.<br />
BTW op siektes en medisyne is nie net immoreel nii<br />
maar dit grens aan <strong>die</strong> kriminele. Dit is ons plig as geneeshere<br />
om te weier om hier<strong>die</strong> belasting in te vorder. In<strong>die</strong>n<br />
ons <strong>die</strong> belasting invorder sal dit teen alles waarvoor ons<br />
staan indruis. Dan sal ons nasate na ons verwys as <strong>die</strong><br />
Berugte Tollenaars Wandadigers.<br />
Ek stel voor dat ons almal weier om <strong>die</strong> belasting te hef<br />
en in te vo&. Ek doen 'n h p op alle geneeshere in <strong>die</strong><br />
RSA om ons edele beroep in gedagte te roep en te weier.<br />
Ek is met dr. Wedgwood1 en dr. Flax2 Wat ons 'nou<br />
benodig is massa-aksie teen BTW op me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste en<br />
medisyne.<br />
A S. COETZEE - - -<br />
deur <strong>die</strong> Minister <strong>van</strong> Gesondheid.<br />
5. 'n Maatskaplike bystandskema <strong>van</strong> R150 miljoen om<br />
voedselpryse vir behoeftiges te subsi<strong>die</strong>er, waar<strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong><br />
besonderhede binnekort deur <strong>die</strong> Minister <strong>van</strong> Gesondheid<br />
bekendgemaak sal word.<br />
6. Toegewings aan welsynsorganisasies om alle BTW<br />
op insette te kan terugeis in<strong>die</strong>n hulle slegs uit Staatsfondse<br />
en skenkings geiinansier word.<br />
Die MVSA se vermC tot <strong>die</strong> Minister <strong>van</strong> Finansies vir<br />
<strong>die</strong> verhoging <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> perk waarvolgens sakeondememings<br />
en me<strong>die</strong>se praktyke of volgens <strong>die</strong> faktuurbasis 6f <strong>die</strong><br />
betalingsbasis <strong>van</strong> BTW rekenskap moet gee, was ook<br />
geslaagd.<br />
Enkele dae voor <strong>die</strong> inwerkingtreding <strong>van</strong> BTW het <strong>die</strong><br />
Minister aangekondig dat <strong>die</strong> perk vir <strong>die</strong> betalingsbasis<br />
Akasii 28<br />
WeRom, OVS<br />
(BTW word eers aan <strong>die</strong> Ont<strong>van</strong>ger oorbetaal nadat 'n<br />
rekening vereffen is) verhoog word.<br />
Die MVSA het derhalwe besluit dat <strong>die</strong> volgende weg<br />
1. Wedgwood CA. VAT for medical se~ces (Briefj. S Afr Med 3<br />
1991; 80: 297.<br />
<strong>van</strong> optrede in <strong>die</strong> beste belang <strong>van</strong> dokters en hul pasiEnte<br />
2. Flax S. VAT for the GP - is it ethical? (Bri4. S Afi Med3 1991; sal wees:<br />
SO: 205-206.<br />
1. Om, soos beplan, voort te gaan met <strong>die</strong> proses <strong>van</strong><br />
konsuItasie en om 'n ondememing <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> Regering te kxy<br />
Dr. Hendrik Hanekom, Sekretaris-Generaal <strong>van</strong> dat <strong>die</strong> besluit oor BTW op me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste weer na ses<br />
<strong>die</strong> Me<strong>die</strong>se Vereniging <strong>van</strong> Suid-Aii-ib, lewer h- maande heroorweeg sal word.<br />
mentaar'. Die me<strong>die</strong>se beroep was selde tevore so eens- 2. Om <strong>die</strong> uitwerking <strong>van</strong> BTW op me<strong>die</strong>se versorging<br />
gesind oor 'n aangeleentheid as in sy teenkanting <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> en b t e te moniteer op grond <strong>van</strong> terugvoer <strong>van</strong> MVSAinstelling<br />
<strong>van</strong> BTW op me<strong>die</strong>se <strong>die</strong>nste.<br />
lede.<br />
Verskeie groepe, binne en buite <strong>die</strong> me<strong>die</strong>se beroep, volg 3. Om <strong>die</strong> individuele dokter se reg tot vryheid <strong>van</strong><br />
egter verskillende strategic gerig op <strong>die</strong> bereiking <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> assosiasie en mening te respekteer, met <strong>die</strong> voorbehoud dat<br />
selfde oogmerk: <strong>die</strong> instelling <strong>van</strong> <strong>die</strong> nul-koers op me<strong>die</strong>se hy in sy qtrede gelei word deur sy etiese verpligring om <strong>die</strong><br />
<strong>die</strong>nste. L - -?<br />
versorging <strong>van</strong> sy pasibte as eerste oorweging te stel.<br />
i
26 VOL 80.7 DEC 1991<br />
<strong>SAMJ</strong><br />
Protein content of amniotic fluid - pitfalls in research planning<br />
To the Editor: A simple urine 'dipstick"can be used to<br />
distinguish amniotic fluid from urine,' and we therefore<br />
decided to determine whether 'dipsticks' could be used to<br />
c o b rupture of membranes.<br />
To validate the method, we first carried out estimations<br />
of protein content and comparative dipstick values on 48<br />
specimens of liquor arnnii obtained f+om third-trimester<br />
amniocentesis.<br />
To our encouragement, we found that dipsticks always<br />
tested positive for protein in liquor and that there was some<br />
correlation with the amount of protein present, in that the<br />
mean values were + = 261 mp/dl (N = 8), ++ = 386 mg/d<br />
(N = 34) and +++ = 775 mg/d (N = 6).<br />
Armed with this 'valuable' information we then proceeded<br />
to test vaginal 'fluids' before and after rupturing<br />
. -<br />
Aan <strong>die</strong> Redaktem Ek verwys na <strong>die</strong> brief <strong>van</strong> dr. Burger'<br />
waarin gestel word dat: 'dit herhaaldelik bewys is dat akah01<br />
<strong>die</strong> vernaamste oorsaaklike faktor in motorongelukke en'<br />
aanrandings is'.<br />
. ,,<br />
. -<br />
& -<br />
Daar bestaan geen navorsing wat aantoon dat alkohol<br />
<strong>die</strong> vemaamste oorsmklike fakm by motorongelukke is nie.<br />
Die enigste navorsing wat <strong>die</strong> afgelope paar jaar in Suid-<br />
Afiika dew <strong>die</strong> Nasionale Instirnut vir Verkeer en Pad-<br />
, ; navorsing gedoen is, het aangetoon dat alkohol verantwoordelik<br />
is vir slegs 3,2% <strong>van</strong> alle ongelukke. Ek is seker<br />
daar<strong>van</strong> dat dr. Burger geen inligting het om sy stelling te<br />
L<br />
.<br />
-<br />
1 -<br />
t<br />
,-*<br />
,-<br />
tt<br />
? I t<br />
5, staaf nie en ek sou graag <strong>van</strong> hom vemeem in<strong>die</strong>n <strong>die</strong> teen-<br />
1<br />
deel waar is.<br />
, Dit is we1 so dat produkte wat alkohol bevat, ongelukkig<br />
* misbruik word deur minderhede, meestal met ernstige<br />
' gevolge vir almal betrokke. So ook kan haseutiese mid-<br />
dels wat vryelik beskikbaar is en geadverteer word, misbruik<br />
~mer~en& treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses<br />
? .<br />
To the Editor: The 'Opinion' by Burrows et al.' calls for a<br />
Berent perspective. Thankfully numerous doctors in both<br />
, I . ~ the private and the public sectors treat Jehovah's Wimesses<br />
. in accordance with their wishes. They are usually not in<br />
sympathy with, or do not even comprehend, the reasons for<br />
the patient's re- of blood; nevertheless their ethics dic-<br />
, i tate that the doctor is there for the patient and not vice<br />
, . versa. Their respect for the fundamental ethic of informed<br />
consent or refusal of consent is to be applauded. It is within<br />
the legal right of a doctor to refuse to take on 2 case. Yet it<br />
I speaks volumes about his basic humanity when he accom-<br />
1. . modates a patient in dire need and, despite the frustration<br />
h .<br />
6<br />
he may feel at the limitation imposed on therapeutic<br />
options, tries all else in accord with the best standards<br />
, he knows. It also speaks of his basic humility and open-<br />
mindedness when he is prepared to use forms of therapy,<br />
hitherto untried by himself, that others with more experi-<br />
.> 3 i ence in dealing with the acutely anaemic Jehovah's Wimess<br />
V L, ,<br />
, b, .-fq -1 - find helpful. To claim that informed refusal of consent for a<br />
particular aspect of proffered treatment with suggestions of<br />
alternatives is a 'call for mismanagement' with which the<br />
< a - '-*-I & J doctor refuses to taint his ethics may well be- a thin veil for<br />
.. . a .. ,.. . ,<br />
intellectual arrogance and bigotry.<br />
, P.<br />
L- . The contention that the cases of survival with extremely<br />
,<br />
membranes. To our editication and dismay we found d<br />
all 28 vaginal tests were positive before (+ = 8, ++ =<br />
+++ = 8) and after rupture of membranes (+ = 0, ++ =<br />
+++ = 17).<br />
Urine 'dipsticks' are therefore of no value in c 0 6<br />
rupture of membranes, and we would have saved om:l<br />
a great deal of time and laboratory work had we perfonr<br />
the second part of the study initially.<br />
J. DOMMISSE<br />
Depamnent of Obstemn and Gynaecology<br />
University of Cape Town<br />
- -<br />
1. Walsberg R, McCulloch J. it &e or amniotic fluid? S Aj. I<br />
J 1985; 68: 918.<br />
word deur minderhede. Dit is wensdenkery om te betc<br />
dat <strong>die</strong> staak <strong>van</strong> advertensies <strong>van</strong> produkte wat alkol<br />
bevat tot gevolg sal h2 dat <strong>die</strong> 'wonderlike dag' aantrt<br />
wanner daar nie meer misbruik is nie. Die reg tot vrye t,<br />
gang <strong>van</strong> en matige gebruik deur <strong>die</strong> bree bevolking beho<br />
nie ingeperk te word omdat minderhede 'n produk rr<br />
bruik nie. 'n Baie meer produktiewe en realistiese opm<br />
sou wees om te konsentreer op <strong>die</strong> opvoeding var. I<br />
minderhede wat hier<strong>die</strong> produkte misbruik sodat hien<br />
wangedrag gestaak word. ;<br />
1. Burger MS. Alkoholadvertensies (Brief). S Afr Med J 199 1;<br />
108.<br />
low haemoglobin levels with which 'medical publicauc<br />
are dotted' can be discarded 'precisely because they 2<br />
unusual' seems failacious. They are 'unusual' for at le,<br />
four reasons that do not allow their findings to be inv&<br />
ted. Firstly, very few, if any, non-Jehovah's Wimess patlel<br />
will be allowed to remain untransfused at extremel: I(<br />
haemoglobin values. (Besides, we all know of numero<br />
transfused patients who have not survived either.) 3<br />
leaves the Jehovah's Wimess in dire straits; not only n<br />
there relatively few of them around, but acutely axen<br />
ones are even rarer. The third factor is that many of h<br />
acutely anaemic Witnesses are either clandestinely L%<br />
fused by overzealous 'good Samaritans' or abandond<br />
truly suboptimal marmgement, making death inevi-ab<br />
Fourthly, not even a moderate percentage of cases o2 sl<br />
vival are published. In many centres which kquentlj trl<br />
Jehovah's Wimesses in accord with their wishes, these sl<br />
vivals have become routine and thus no longer newswcd<br />
Others simply do not have the time or interest TO<br />
through the rigours of publishing.<br />
In effect, Burrows et al. are putting the desp-rz<br />
Jehovah's Wimess into a no-win situation. He eithe:<br />
lates his deeply held religious convictions or he gets ro,<br />
merely token, treatment, since the alternative methods 2