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Desenho da Metodologia da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) do ...

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83 rd International Workshop | Advances in Cleaner Productionequivalent/ kg emission);• acidificação: Acidification - only characterization factors including fate wereused for the CML baseline method. The method was exten<strong>de</strong>d with Nitric oxi<strong>de</strong>,air (is nitrogen monoxi<strong>de</strong>). Acidification: Corrected the characterisation factorfor Sulphur dioxi<strong>de</strong> from 1 to 1,2 SO2 eq . This factor of 1,2 SO2 eq for SO2 isincluding fate;• eutrofização: Euthrophication - nitrogen compounds completed. Nitrogen isreplaced by Nitrogen, total, with same characterisation factor;• ecotoxi<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> águas <strong>do</strong>ces: Fresh water aquatic ecotox - Marine aquaticecotoxicity, Terrestrial ecotoxicity: Characterisation factors Naphthalene andNaphthalene (subcompartment Ocean) corrected;• toxici<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> humana: Human toxicity - Characterisation factors, expressed asHuman Toxicity Potentials (HTP), are calculated with USES-LCA, <strong>de</strong>scribing fate,exposure and effects of toxic substances for an infinite time horizon. For eachtoxic substance HTP's are expressed as 1,4-dichlorobenzene equivalents/ kgemission. Chromium (soil) -> Chromium (VI) (soil, agricultural).O software a ser utiliza<strong>do</strong> é o SimaPro 7, <strong>de</strong>senvolvi<strong>do</strong> pela empresa PréConsultants, e que trata-se <strong>de</strong> uma ferramenta profissional para coletar, analisar emonitorar o <strong>de</strong>sempenho ambiental <strong>de</strong> produtos, processos e serviços. Ele permitemo<strong>de</strong>lar e analisar <strong>do</strong>s mais complexos aos mais simples ciclos <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>da</strong> <strong>de</strong> umaforma sistemática e transparente, seguin<strong>do</strong> as recomen<strong>da</strong>ções <strong>da</strong> série ISO 14040.A informação no SimaPro encontra-se organiza<strong>da</strong> em projetos, os quais po<strong>de</strong>mincluir diversos ciclos <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>da</strong> <strong>de</strong> um ou vários produtos e cujos processos po<strong>de</strong>mser extraí<strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong>s bases <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s <strong>do</strong> SimaPro. Uma vez <strong>de</strong>fini<strong>do</strong> o <strong>Ciclo</strong> <strong>de</strong> Vi<strong>da</strong>, oSimaPro calcula a soma <strong>da</strong>s diversas intervenções ambientais associa<strong>da</strong>s à uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>funcional <strong>de</strong>fini<strong>da</strong> na mo<strong>de</strong>lação.Para verificar a quali<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s será utiliza<strong>da</strong>a matriz pedigree. A Análise <strong>do</strong> Inventário <strong>do</strong> <strong>Ciclo</strong> <strong>de</strong> Vi<strong>da</strong> envolve a coleta <strong>de</strong><strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s e procedimentos <strong>de</strong> cálculo para quantificar as entra<strong>da</strong>s e saí<strong>da</strong>s <strong>de</strong> umsistema <strong>de</strong> produto. Itens a serem consi<strong>de</strong>ra<strong>do</strong>s:• Fases: coleta <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s; vali<strong>da</strong>ção <strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s; relacionar <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s a uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>processo (alocação inclui reuso e reciclagem); relacionar <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s a uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>funcional; agregação <strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s; refinamento <strong>da</strong>s fronteiras <strong>do</strong> sistema;• Recomen<strong>da</strong>ções <strong>da</strong> ISO 14040: <strong>de</strong>senho <strong>de</strong> fluxogramas <strong>de</strong> processo que<strong>de</strong>lineiam to<strong>da</strong>s as uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> processo; <strong>de</strong>scrição <strong>da</strong>s uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> processoscom os <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s categoriza<strong>do</strong>s; <strong>de</strong>scrição <strong>da</strong> técnica <strong>de</strong> coleta <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s e cálculo;fornecimento <strong>de</strong> instruções para <strong>do</strong>cumentação <strong>de</strong> casos especiais,irregulari<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> ou outros;• Evitar a duplicação ou falhas <strong>de</strong> contagem: <strong>de</strong>screver ca<strong>da</strong> processo;<strong>do</strong>cumentar os procedimentos <strong>de</strong> alocação; referenciar as fontes <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s;incluir informações sobre a quali<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> <strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s;• Vali<strong>da</strong>ção <strong>do</strong>s <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s: balanço <strong>de</strong> massa; balanço <strong>de</strong> energia; análisecomparativa <strong>de</strong> fatores <strong>de</strong> emissão;• Procedimentos a a<strong>do</strong>tar no caso <strong>de</strong> ausência <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s: incluir um valordiferente <strong>de</strong> zero, com justificativa; incluir um valor igual a zero, comjustificativa; incluir um valor calcula<strong>do</strong> com bases em tecnologias similares;<strong>do</strong>cumentar <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s ausentes;• Relacionar <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s a uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> processo: dividir as entra<strong>da</strong>s e saí<strong>da</strong>sproporcionalmente;• Relacionar <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s a uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> funcional: normalizar o fluxo <strong>de</strong> to<strong>do</strong>s osprocessos para uni<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong> funcional;• Agregação <strong>de</strong> <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s – recomen<strong>da</strong>ções: que o nível <strong>de</strong> agregação sejasuficiente para satisfazer o objetivo <strong>do</strong> estu<strong>do</strong>; que somente sejam agrega<strong>da</strong>ssubstâncias equivalentes e que tenham impactos ambientais similares; casonecessário agregar outros <strong>da</strong><strong>do</strong>s, incluir a justificativa na <strong>de</strong>finição <strong>do</strong> objetivo e<strong>do</strong> escopo ou na avaliação <strong>de</strong> impacto;• Uso <strong>da</strong> análise <strong>de</strong> sensibili<strong>da</strong><strong>de</strong>: excluir ou incluir etapas <strong>do</strong> ciclo <strong>de</strong> vi<strong>da</strong>“CLEANER PRODUCTION INITIATIVES AND CHALLENGES FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD”São Paulo – Brazil – May 18 th -20 th - 2011

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