Tese Marcia Cristina de Souza matos Carneiro 2011 - Georeferencial

xiABSTRACTThe coastal dunes are noted for their work in the protection of sea level transgressions and forcomposing ecosystems of great importance and vulnerability to natural and anthropogenicactivities, marked by the marine and coastal interfaces, aquifers deposits, vegetation supportand plans to support different life forms. There is thus the importance of preserving the dunefields. In slow and steady actions, their forms are being modified in the needs of monitoringinstruments that record as briefly and as advanced these processes. Several current and oldercartographic documents are used to monitor, among them stand out the aerial photographs,satellite images, radar mosaics and topographical maps that allow the visualization in twodimensions. In recent decades there has been a major technological breakthrough by beingdeveloped the airborne laser mapping - Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) system tocapture three-dimensional Earth's surface data through automated procedures, which combineprecision and accuracy with capture time reduced and data processing. The ongoing study wasbased on Geoscience and Geoinformation Technologies, to provide data to integrated coastalmanagement. The research aims are to study the Rio do Fogo dunes field displacement trend,using the LIDAR technology. Consequently, this research assumes inseparable from theknowledge provided by the Geosciences and the technological means available forGeoinformation to support decisions about the diagnosis, planning and management of theseecosystems as study area of this dynamic wind, we identified and selected the dune field inthe municipality of Rio do Fogo - RN, Brazil. The coastal zone of Rio Grande do Nortecovers part of the sedimentary basins Pernambuco-Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte, whichbelong to the Brazilian mesocenozoical basins set that make up the Coastal Province andContinental Margin. Especially the dune field, the object of this study is an area subjected todifferent pressures from tourism and mineral exploration by predatory land speculation, urbaninterventions and their own natural physical dynamics. For the development of the research,there were two aerial surveys with LIDAR technology. The first in December 2001, the otherflight in November 2004, using Cessna C180 aircraft. These flights were managed andsupported in the field with Global Position System (GPS) geodetic dual frequency. After GPSdata processing and LIDAR aerial survey, it was generated the Digital Terrain Model andDigital Elevation Model, resulting in the production of spatial database, in other words, twomaps tracking the displacement of the dune field, the first in the scale of 1:20.000 and thesecond one in the range of 1:10.000 and zoom scale of 1:2000. These maps allowed themorphological identification of the wind dunes and a centimeter assessment of space-timeevolution of the dune field employing techniques of comparison between differentaerophotogrammetric coatings. The studies also allowed the construction of: use map and landuse geomorphological map that is positioned and identified the Wind Dune AccumulationPlain, which permitted the identification of morphological units of the dune fields – activeparabolic and dispelled barcanoides, and inactive parabolic morphology has dissipated andsand sheets and marine terraces; also the profiles development. The documents analysisproduced showed that the dunes had a horizontal migration in the period of two years andeleven months, up 43.8 to 64.1 meters and an annual rate of displacement ranging from 7.36m / year to 23.22 m / year, while the horizontal displacement monthly rate varied in the rangeof 1.25 m / month to 1.83 m / month, with the sediment volume displaced from 2001 to 2004of 44,661,592.58m 3 in the prevailing wind sense SE-NW, leading thus, a perfect correlationbetween the generated displacement data and wind direction. The research discusses theresults and presents an analysis of three-dimensional and multi-temporal study area. Themeasurement of changes in the coastal zone can be performed by the GeoinformationTechnologies. However, only with the Geosciences integration becomes possible tocharacterize and assess environmental changes aimed at sustainable development.Keywords: Dunes, airborne LIDAR, Rio do Fogo-RN-Brazil, Temporal Monitoring.