Drupal 7 Module Development

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Chapter 1 We assume that you have your own web server stack and your own PHP development tools. The authors of this book each use different editors, operating systems, and web server stacks, so we collectively understand that there are many good tools for developing PHP applications. And Drupal itself doesn't require anything special. If you are just getting started, you may want to look at Acquia Drupal (http://acquia.com). They offer entire application stacks to get you started on Windows, Linux, or Mac OS X. While running a PHP debugger is certainly not necessary, you may find running Xdebug or the Zend Debugger to be useful. (One of the authors of this book first learned how Drupal worked by stepping through an entire page load.) Version control with Git and CVS Managing source code is a major part of any software development lifecycle. In this regard, Drupal 7 coincides with a major transition period for the Drupal community. In years past, Drupal's source code has been maintained in the venerable old CVS (Concurrent Versioning System) tool. However, Drupal has grown and the needs of the community have changed. Drupal is now moving to the Git distributed version control system. As we begin working with Drupal code, it will help to be able to have the tools necessary to work with Git. From command-line programs to full-featured desktop applications, there is no shortage of tools for this. The book's code and Git The authors of this book have been working with Git for some time (one, in fact, is leading the CVS-to-Git conversion). We have done our best to make sure that all of the code contributions in this book are available from a Git repository. You can access the code for this book, view it online in a web browser, submit patches, or even branch your own copy and build your own tool. All the code is located at GitHub: http://github.com/LearningDrupal7Development From there you will be able to access each chapter's code—and in some cases, multiple versions of the same code. [ 21 ]
Developing for Drupal 7 The API site and coding standards A lot of background knowledge is required for writing good Drupal code. Of course, the aim of a book such as this is to provide that background knowledge. However, there are two reference resources that a burgeoning Drupal developer should have on-hand. The first is the official online API documentation. Just about every function in Drupal is documented using in-line code documentation. The Doxygen program is then used to extract that documentation and format it. You can access the full API documentation online at http://api.drupal.org. Along with using the Drupal APIs, we strive to comply with Drupal's coding conventions. Best practices in software development include keeping code clean, consistent, and readable. One aspect of this is removing nuances in code formatting by following a fixed standard. This is particularly important on a platform like Drupal where thousands of developers all contribute to the code. Without coding standards, the code would become a cluttered mishmash of styles, and valuable development time would be spent merely deciphering code instead of working on it. The Drupal site has a manual on best practices (http://drupal.org/node/360052) that includes a section on coding standards (http://drupal.org/codingstandards). All Drupal developers abide by these standards. While we have attempted to follow all of the coding guidelines in this book, we don't always explicitly point out what these standards are. So new developers are encouraged to peruse the coding standards given on the previously mentioned web address. Developer-oriented modules There are a few Drupal-specific development and administrative modules that deserve a mention. These are tools that are installed on the server to help simplify Drupal development. The developer module The Developer module provides several sophisticated tools designed to help developers create and debug Drupal code. For this, please refer to the following page: http://drupal.org/project/devel [ 22 ]
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Page 3 and 4: Drupal 7 Module Development Copyrig
Page 5 and 6: Foreword Drupal has its roots in th
Page 7 and 8: About the Authors Matt Butcher is a
Page 9 and 10: Larry Garfield is a Senior Architec
Page 11 and 12: John Albin Wilkins has been a web d
Page 13 and 14: Jojodae Ganesh Sivaji has been invo
Page 15 and 16: Why Subscribe? • Fully searchable
Page 17 and 18: Table of Contents Tools for develop
Page 19 and 20: Table of Contents A shortcut for sy
Page 21 and 22: Table of Contents Using hook_node_a
Page 23 and 24: Table of Contents Creating a task 3
Page 25 and 26: Preface Chapter 5, Building an Admi
Page 27 and 28: Preface The system for handling thi
Page 30 and 31: Developing for Drupal 7 Drupal is a
Page 32 and 33: However, what we do want to start w
Page 34 and 35: The Operating System Chapter 1 Wind
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 1 Drupal core is the founda
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 1 The database We have take
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 1 The responsibility of the
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 1 While one could imagine t
Page 46: Chapter 1 The following are a few o
Page 49 and 50: Creating Your First Module We are g
Page 51 and 52: Creating Your First Module As obvio
Page 53 and 54: Creating Your First Module By Drupa
Page 55 and 56: Creating Your First Module The next
Page 57 and 58: Creating Your First Module When Dru
Page 59 and 60: Creating Your First Module Doxygen-
Page 61 and 62: Creating Your First Module The help
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Page 65 and 66: Creating Your First Module Finally,
Page 67 and 68: Creating Your First Module Here's o
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Page 77 and 78: Creating Your First Module Setting
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Page 83 and 84: Creating Your First Module The repo
Page 85 and 86: Drupal’s Theme Layer This book is
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Page 89 and 90: Drupal’s Theme Layer Theme engine
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Drupal’s Theme Layer The theme()
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Drupal’s Theme Layer Now, if you
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Drupal’s Theme Layer A similar pr
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Drupal’s Theme Layer Now, that wa
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Drupal’s Theme Layer • #suffix:
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Drupal’s Theme Layer Two powerful
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Drupal’s Theme Layer 'menu_tree__
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Drupal’s Theme Layer If a functio
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Drupal’s Theme Layer We've also s
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Drupal’s Theme Layer Summary You'
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Theming a Module After all, if you
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Theming a Module * Enables a single
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Theming a Module * First draft! * *
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Theming a Module Theming a Drupal b
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Theming a Module Converting a theme
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Theming a Module if (is_array($elem
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Theming a Module Notice that the .b
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Theming a Module } $block['content'
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Theming a Module } 'variables' => a
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Theming a Module } // Theme the use
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Theming a Module // Create links fo
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Theming a Module } // Load the acco
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Theming a Module * - $user: The use
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Theming a Module Summary In this ch
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Building an Admin Interface Startin
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Building an Admin Interface $items[
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Building an Admin Interface 'access
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Building an Admin Interface Each ar
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Building an Admin Interface Other p
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Building an Admin Interface Each el
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Building an Admin Interface Drupal
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Building an Admin Interface This is
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Building an Admin Interface Form su
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Building an Admin Interface A short
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Building an Admin Interface } retur
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Building an Admin Interface PHP mai
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Building an Admin Interface Impleme
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Building an Admin Interface Debuggi
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Building an Admin Interface This te
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Working with Content Drupal 7 intro
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Chapter 6 The Schema API allows dat
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'fields' => array( 'aid' => array(
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Chapter 6 'fieldable' => TRUE, 'ent
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Chapter 6 The return value from the
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Chapter 6 In our case, we defined t
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Chapter 6 Most entity operations in
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[ 165 ] Chapter 6 This callback sim
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Chapter 6 This page will simply gen
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Chapter 6 This hook defines a new f
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Submit callback The submit callback
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Chapter 6 // Save the initial revis
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Chapter 6 Master/slave database con
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Chapter 6 array($artwork->aid => $a
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Chapter 6 'access arguments' => arr
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Chapter 6 } foreach ($artworks as $
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Creating New Fields In the last cha
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Chapter 7 Although an advanced topi
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Chapter 7 The most important magic
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Chapter 7 } } '#type' => 'select',
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Chapter 7 Exposing fields to the Fo
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Chapter 7 $element['width'] = array
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Chapter 7 if ($widget['type'] == 'd
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Chapter 7 } return; 'field_ui_field
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Chapter 7 } function theme_dimfield
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Chapter 7 } '@height' => $item['hei
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Chapter 7 } else if ($settings['uni
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Chapter 7 We can, of course, have m
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Chapter 7 To demonstrate how entity
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[ 209 ] Chapter 7 Now look at that
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Drupal Permissions and Security Per
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Chapter 8 The preceding code checks
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Chapter 8 If we had accidentally ru
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Chapter 8 The user_access() functio
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In the first case, Are we looking a
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Chapter 8 Declaring your own access
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} Chapter 8 'page callback' => 'exa
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Chapter 8 if (!flood_is_allowed('co
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[ 227 ] Chapter 8 Enabling permissi
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Chapter 8 } $permissions = array( '
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Chapter 8 This approach is the prop
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Chapter 8 Running access checks on
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Chapter 8 Handling AJAX callbacks s
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Chapter 8 As a result, we cannot tr
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Chapter 8 This allows us to pass a
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Node Access Out-of-the-box, Drupal
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Chapter 9 The Node Access API allow
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* - "delete" * - "create" * @param
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Chapter 9 if (!user_access('access
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Chapter 9 } if (module_implements('
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Chapter 9 hook_node_access() is the
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Chapter 9 Note that the {node_acces
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Chapter 9 The basic permission 'cre
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Chapter 9 It is a good idea to writ
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Chapter 9 On node listing pages, th
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Chapter 9 Writing a complete node a
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• Can this user bypass node acces
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Chapter 9 For our test module, we w
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Chapter 9 When hook_node_access_rec
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Chapter 9 A few things to consider
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Chapter 9 Security considerations T
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Chapter 9 Rebuilding the {node_acce
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Chapter 9 Using the new hook_node_a
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Chapter 9 We may alter any element
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Chapter 9 } // Check anonymous user
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Chapter 9 // Check the permission.
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Chapter 9 The key to Devel Node Acc
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Chapter 9 In the preceding case, th
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JavaScript in Drupal JavaScript is
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Chapter 10 Adding JavaScript and CS
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Chapter 10 When a JavaScript librar
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The following code adds a system CS
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Chapter 10 The second argument can
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Chapter 10 From here onwards, when
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Chapter 10 If a renderable array is
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Chapter 10 Drupal specific JavaScri
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Chapter 10 There are three ways var
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Chapter 10 AJAX helpers Included in
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The callback function hello_world_s
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Chapter 10 Once the response is set
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ajax_command_prepend To add content
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Working with Files and Images Drupa
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Chapter 11 It is very important tha
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Chapter 11 In order to open files f
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Chapter 11 Stream wrappers If you'v
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Chapter 11 In some cases you may no
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Chapter 11 A read-only stream wrapp
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Chapter 11 } 'type' => STREAM_WRAPP
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Chapter 11 For full details of thes
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Chapter 11 After this setup, we sta
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Chapter 11 This is all very cool, b
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Chapter 11 This is where you can st
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Chapter 11 • form callback: If yo
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Chapter 11 Finally we can make the
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Chapter 11 Pretty cool right? Howev
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Chapter 11 As you can see, there is
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Installation Profiles This chapter
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Chapter 12 Profile modules and them
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Enabling modules Just like modules
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Chapter 12 • display_name: A huma
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Next, let's create a form to enter
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Chapter 12 Notice that $install_sta
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Chapter 12 Here, the task that sets
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Chapter 12 Each row being added to
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Chapter 12 // URL filter. 'filter_u
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Chapter 12 'locale' => 'en', ), //
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Database Access Although Drupal 7 h
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Appendix A Result objects The retur
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Appendix A The join() methods all r
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[ 369 ] Appendix A The db_insert()
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Appendix A A Merge query says, in e
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Appendix A Slave servers Drupal als
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Security Throughout this book, we h
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Filtering The following guidelines
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First, whenever we write a query ag
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Appendix B There are both RSS feeds
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ajax_command_alert command 309 ajax
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Drupal, subsytems blocks 20 code te
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form handling 229 forms access chec
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K key() method 371 L label property
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evision handling 175 revisions hand
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U unit test 49 update queries 370 u
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Drupal 7 ISBN: 978-1-84951-286-2 Pa
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