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Ãëàâà 9 Îáñóæäåíèå Õîðîøåå ñîãëàñèå âû÷èñëåííîé ýíåðãèè ñâÿçè äëÿ íåêîòîðûõ ëåãêèõ ÿäåð ñ äàííûìè èçìåðåíèé ïîçâîëÿåò ñ÷èòàòü, ÷òî ÿäåðíûå ñèëû (ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå â ñëó÷àå ýòèõ ÿäåð) èìåþò îïèñàííûé âûøå îáìåííûé õàðàêòåð. Ýòè ñèëû âîçíèêàþò êàê ñëåäñòâèå ÷èñòî êâàíòîâîãî ýôôåêòà îáìåíà ðåëÿòèâèñòñêèì ýëåêòðîíîì. Âïåðâûå âíèìàíèå íà âîçìîæíîñòü îáúÿñíåíèÿ ÿäåðíûõ ñèë íà îñíîâå ýôôåêòà îáìåíà ýëåêòðîíîì îáðàòèë âèäèìî È.Å.Òàìì [13] åùå â 30-å ãîäû ïðîøëîãî âåêà. Îäíàêî ïîçæå â ÿäåðíîé ôèçèêå ïðåîáëàäàþùåé ñòàëà ìîäåëü îáìåíà π-ìåçîíàìè, à ïîòîì ãëþîíàìè. Ïðè÷èíà ýòîãî ïîíÿòíà. Äëÿ îáúÿñíåíèÿ âåëè÷èíû è ðàäèóñà äåéñòâèÿ ÿäåðíûõ ñèë íóæíà ÷àñòèöà ñ ìàëîé ñîáñòâåííîé äëèíîé âîëíû. Íåðåëÿòèâèñòñêèé ýëåêòðîí äëÿ ýòîãî íå ïîäõîäèò. Îäíàêî ñ äðóãîé ñòîðîíû, ìîäåëè π-ìåçîííîãî èëè ãëþîííîãî îáìåíà òîæå íå îêàçàëèñü ïðîäóêòèâíûìè. Äàòü äîñòàòî÷íî òî÷íîå êîëè÷åñòâåííîå îáúÿñíåíèå ýíåðãèè ñâÿçè äàæå ëåãêèõ ÿäåð ýòè ìîäåëè íå ñìîãëè. Ïîýòîìó ïðèâåäåííàÿ âûøå ïðîñòàÿ è ñîãëàñóþùàÿñÿ ñ èçìåðåíèÿìè îöåíêà ýòîé ýíåðãèè ÿâëÿåòñÿ îäíîçíà÷íûì äîêàçàòåëüñòâîì òîãî, ÷òî òàê íàçûâàåìîå ñèëüíîå âçàèìîäåéñòâèå (â ñëó÷àå íåêîòîðûõ ëåãêèõ ÿäåð) ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðîÿâëåíèåì ýôôåêòà ïðèòÿæåíèÿ ìåæäó ïðîòîíàìè, âîçíèêàþùåãî çà ñ÷åò îáìåíà ðåëÿòèâèñòñêèì ýëåêòðîíîì. 51
52 Ãëàâà 9. Îáñóæäåíèå
Page 2 and 3: Î Êâàíòîâî-Ìåõàíè÷
Page 4 and 5: Îãëàâëåíèå I Ââåäåí
Page 6 and 7: Îãëàâëåíèå 5 V Çàêëþ
Page 8: ×àñòü I Ââåäåíèå 7
Page 11 and 12: 10Ãëàâà 1. Ãëàâíûé ïî
Page 17 and 18: 16Ãëàâà 2. Ìîæíî ëè ï
Page 19 and 20: 18Ãëàâà 2. Ìîæíî ëè ï
Page 22 and 23: 21 Â 30-å ãîäû ïðîøëîã
Page 24 and 25: Ãëàâà 3 Ðàâíîâåñèå
Page 26 and 27: 3.2. Ìàãíèòíàÿ ýíåðã
Page 28 and 29: 3.3. Ðàâíîâåñèå ñèë â
Page 30 and 31: 3.3. Ðàâíîâåñèå ñèë â
Page 32 and 33: Ãëàâà 4 Îáñóæäåíèå
Page 34: ×àñòü III Î ïðèðîäå ÿ
Page 37 and 38: 36 Ãëàâà 5. Îäíîýëåêò
Page 43 and 44: 42 Ãëàâà 6. Èîí ìîëåê
Page 45 and 46: 44 Ãëàâà 6. Èîí ìîëåê
Page 47 and 48: 46 Ãëàâà 7. Äåéòðîí ñ
Page 49 and 50: 48 Ãëàâà 8. Äðóãèå ëå
Page 51: 50 Ãëàâà 8. Äðóãèå ëå
Page 56 and 57: Ãëàâà 10 Ââåäåíèå Íå
Page 58 and 59: Ãëàâà 11 Ôîòîíû è íå
Page 60 and 61: 11.1. Ýëåêòðîìàãíèòí
Page 62 and 63: Ãëàâà 12 Êàê âîçáóäè
Page 64 and 65: 12.2. Íåéòðèíî è àíòè
Page 66 and 67: 12.3. Ìåçîíû êàê âîçá
Page 68 and 69: Ãëàâà 13 Î ìþîííîì í
Page 70 and 71: 13.2. Êàê óòî÷íèòü ïî
Page 72: ×àñòü V Çàêëþ÷åíèå 7
Page 75 and 76: 74 âðåìÿ ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ
Page 77: 76 Ëèòåðàòóðà [8] Bethe,

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