slutrapport - Kemiteknik

Innehållsförteckning1. Introduktion ............................................................................................................................ 11.1. Användningsområden ...................................................................................................... 21.1.1. Ammoniak ................................................................................................................ 21.1.2. Biogas ....................................................................................................................... 21.2. Syntesgas - Produktion .................................................................................................... 31.3. Fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper ............................................................................... 41.3.1. Koldioxid .................................................................................................................. 41.3.2. Väte .......................................................................................................................... 41.3.3. Kväve ....................................................................................................................... 41.3.4. Ammoniak ................................................................................................................ 51.3.5. Kolmonoxid .............................................................................................................. 51.3.6. Metan ........................................................................................................................ 51.3.7. Syre ........................................................................................................................... 61.4. Kostnader för ammoniak ................................................................................................. 62. Processalternativ ..................................................................................................................... 72.1. Partialoxidation ............................................................................................................... 72.2. Förgasning av fasta ämnen .............................................................................................. 92.3. Kloralkaliprocessen ....................................................................................................... 102.3.1. Membrancellsprocessen: ........................................................................................ 113. Ångreformering .................................................................................................................... 123.1. Primär- och sekundärreformering ................................................................................. 133.1.1. Katalysator ............................................................................................................. 133.1.2. Kinetik .................................................................................................................... 153.2 Kolmonoxidkonvertering ”Vattengasreaktionen” .......................................................... 163.2.1. Allmänt ................................................................................................................... 163.2.2. Reaktor och katalysator .......................................................................................... 173.2.3. Termodynamik ....................................................................................................... 183.2.4. Kinetik .................................................................................................................... 193.3. Rening av CO 2 med ”pressure swing adsorption” ......................................................... 193.4. Ammoniaksyntes ........................................................................................................... 203.4.1. Allmän information ................................................................................................ 203.5.2. Syntesen ................................................................................................................. 20