Il'skij,Shmidt.pdf

u 2503010300-378 21-89 - CB. nnaH Ann cpeA. cneq. ys. 3aBeA. 

043(01)-89 

ISBN 5-247-01156-2 @ Elzina~eaacreo rHenpar, 1989 ' 

5 1. KPATKUE CBEAEH1.111 0 PASBUTUU HEcPTgHOR 

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~ Y ~ ~ HCKBaXNH N R my6n~ofi 3000 H 4000 M (YpaJl~a~ 125BA 11 

ypaJI~aIlI 12563) B KOMnneKTe C BbIUIKaMN, OCHOBaHNRMU, YKPbI- 

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B 1944 r., Korna ~oii~a npu6nuxanacb K no6e~~o~y sa~epue- 

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CTN. ~POEI~BOACTBO KOMnJleKTHbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK B 1944 r. 

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3aBOAy. B 1957 r. K BbInyCKy ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK 6b1n lTPNBJIe1IeH 

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HOBKH AJIR ~ Y ~ ~ H E I R 

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B HaCTORUee BPeMR pa60~aH)~ Ha IIJIOUaARX ~ ~ ' ~ ~ A N H . C 1977 r. 3aBOA npHCTyIIHJI K nPON3BOACTBy YCTaHOBOK 

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B paho~ax 3ana~~ofi CU~UPU u BbInyCKy O~O~~AOB~HHH AJIR Mop- 

CKHX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK. 

C 1958 r. 3aBOAOM HaYaT BbInYCK KOMnJIeKTHbIX 

~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK AJIR 6ype~u~ CKBaXNH Ha rny6aay A0 2000 M 

(BY75BpA H BY75Bp3), a c 1966 r. - ~ a my6way AO 2500 M 

(EY806pA ki BY8OBp3-I). C 1976 r. npNCTynNJIki K IIpON3BOACTBy 

~ ~ P O B ~ I X 

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a TaKXe YCTaHOBOK AJIR KyCTOBOrO ~YP~HNR. 

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nJIR rny6~~ ~YP~HNR A0 4000 M 3JIeKTPOnpNBOAa IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa 

c ~cnonbso~a~~e~ 

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6~~0fi 6onee 5000 M. 

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~JI~KT~oII~NBoA nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa C TNPNCTOPHblMN npeobpa- 

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~YPOB~IX B TPYAHOAOCTYnHbIX pafi0Hax N o6ecnes~~ae~ nOBbIIIIeHUe 

~@@~KTNBHOCTN 6ypeHNR. B 1983 r. HaYaTa MOAePHU3aUHR 6ypo- 

BMX YCTaHOBOK Y ~ ~ J I M ~ - I I4I 3 3a CrIeT 0CHaUeHN.R OCHOBHbIX Me- 

XaHN3MOB TNPNCTOPHbIM 3JIeKTPOnPNBOAOM. B 1983 r. Ha 6a3e no 

6b1n CO3AaH cneUNaJIbHb1fi 3aBOA 6yp0~0fi TeXHHKU 

B3BT, KOTOPM~~ C 1987 r. HarIan nPOH3BOACTBO HOBOrO nOKOJIeHNH 

~YPOBMX YCTaHOBOK BY2500 C TWPUCTOPHbIM 3JIeKTPOnPUBOAOM no- 

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I'epMeTN3aUNN YCTbR CKBaXNH npU ~YP~HNN KaK Ha CyIlle, TaK H 

Ha Mope. 

B 1988 r. Ha B3BT OCBaUBaeTCR npON3BOACTBO ~YPOBMX YCTaHO- 

BOK AJIR 6ype~kiR Ha H ~ ~ O J I ~ I rJIy6NHbI U M ~ (AO 1600 M) B3aMeH 

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Bblco~a 0CHOBaHH.S 

(OTM~TK~ IIOna bypo~ofi), 

M, He Menee 

I Knacc 6ypo~t.1~ ~CT~HOBOK 

n p H M e s a H H R. 1. B swcnmene npwseneribr s ~ a s e Ana ~ s YC~a~o~o~ 

~ ~ 

Ha noc~oa~Hoil rpa~cnopr~o~ 6838, B 3~a~e~arene -~na cTaqHo- 

HapHblX YCTBHOBOK. 

2. YCAOBH~~ rny6wea 6ype~~n IIpHHnTa npH Macce 1 M 6ypwnb~oR KOnOHHbl 30 Kr. 

3. Aonyc~aercR YBenHsHBaTb Harpy3KY Ha KpIOKe OT MaCCbl ~YPHJI~HOR KOJIOHHbl A0 0,6 A O ~ ~ C K ~ ~ HarpY3KH M O * Ha KpIOKe. 

4. h y 6 ~ ~ 6ype~wn a MOXCeT OTAHYaTbC54 OT ~ K ~ ~ ~ H B H ra6nuqe o A IlpH He BblnOnHeHHH n. 2 Hacroaqero npHMeYaHHR. 

- 5. n n o q a ~ b IIO.I(CBesHHKa (BM~CTHMOCT~ M~C~~HHOB) AJIR 6ypHJIbHbl~ C B ~ Y ~ ROAXCHB A 

06ecnesHBa~b pa3MeqeH~e 6ypHJIbHofl KOnOHHbl AnHq 

HOR He MeHee 1,25 ~CAOBHO~~ MY~HHU 6ypeHHs.

B COB~TCKOM C01o3e donee 50°/0 BCeX YCTaHOBOK pa60TaeT 

C AU3eJlbHbIM IIPUBOAOM. Ta~ue YCTaHOBKU UCnOJIb3YDT AnR 6ype- 

HUR Pa3BeA09HbIX U 3KCIInyaTanUOHHbIX CKBaXUH CaMbIX pa3JIU9- 

H~IX ~J'IY~UH B paiiosax, me HeT ene~~pos~epruu. 3a nocnenoesme 

rOAbI T ~ X H H ~ ~ CYpOBeHb K U ~ ~ CUJIOBbIX IIpUBOAOB ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK 

aea~ena~ene ron Havana cepnil~oro BblnycKa Hnu MoAepnusaqww. 

' 3HaqUTeJIbHO B03POC. YB~JIu~uJINC~ UX HaAeXHOCTb U MOUHOCTb. 

Ecnu MaKCliManbHaR MOUHOCTb ~Iisenefi, npUMeHReMbIX B 6ypesww 

no 1943 r., He npesrmana 150 KBT, TO B HacTonuee BpeMR MaK- 

CUMaJIbHaR MOUHOCTb ~113eJ'Iefi B rpynnOBHX CUnOBbIX npUB0AaX 

I cocraBnneT 900 KBT UJIU B 6 pa3 60nbme. Y~enuqunocb w ~ ~ C J I O 

nuseneii B npuBone (no ~pex-~e~brpex). 

AnR 6ype~ua ~erny6oKux CKBaXUH (no 1600 M) unu 6onee 

, rny6o~ux, HO B JI~~KO~~~UMHX noponax He Tpe6yeTcR perynuposa- 

HUR B UIUPOKOM AliaIIa3OHe XapaKTepUCTUK HCIIOJIHUTeJIbHbIX MeXa- 

HU3MOB. B BYPOBPX YCTaHOBKaX Ann TaKHX YCJIOBU~~ 06b19~0 npU- 

MeHRloT ~U3eJ'Ib~bIfi npNBOA C ~ ~ O C TM O ~ ~ X ~ H U ~ ~ TPaHCMUC- 

C K O ~ ~ 

cueR. Am ~YP~HNR CKBaXuH rny6u~oii 2000-5000 M donee 341- 

I Q~KTUB~H peryJIUpye~hIfi ~U3eJIb~bIfi npUB0A C ~ U A ~ O M ~ X ~ H A ~ ~ C 

T~Z~HCMUCCW~~~. 

TaK, B36T AnR AU3eJIbHhIX ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBOK BY2500AI'Y 

ucnonbsye~ cunoshIe arperam, B KOTOPHX nnsenb u T~P~OTP~HC- 

@ O ~ M ~ TllpeACTaBJI5IDT O ~ co6ofi OnHy C~O~KY. Anx ~YPOBHX yCTa- 

1 HOBOK BY5000ArY-1 H BY6500AI' IIpUMeHRfOT AU3eJIb-I'UApaBJIU-

qecme arperam, HO 6onbrueii MOUHOCTU c YNCJIOM arperaToB no 

seTb1peX. M H O ~ O A N ~ ~ J I IIpNBOA ~ H ~ I ~ 3HarINTeJIbHO ~ 

YCJIOXHHeT KOH- 

CTPYK4IIIO CYMMNPYIOW~~~ TpaHCMNCCIIN, ee MOHTaX N TpaHCnOpTU- 

POBKY. 

An2 ocseueHm N nHTaHuH sne~~pos~epr~efi MenKux AmraTe- 

JIefi, IIpNBOARuNX B pa6o~y MeXaHN3M npArOTOBJIeHNH Pi OYUCTKN 

~YPOB~IX PaCTBOpOB, 4 e ~ ~ p 0 6 e X ~ bHaCOCbI, I e KOMnpeCCOp IIHeBMO- 

CNCTeMbI, KaXAaH 6ypo~ax YCTaHOBKa YKOMnJIeKTOBaHa AByMR 

3JIeKTPOCTaHUHRMN IIepeMeHHOrO TOKa MOUHOCTbH3 100-200 KBT 

( B 3aBNCHMOCTN OT KJIaCCa YCT~HOBKII). TaKNe CTaHUNU, KaK npa- 

BNJIO, yCTaHaBJINBaIoT B CNJIOBOM OTAeJIeHNU, Pi OHU O~CJI~XNB~~T- 

CR AN3eJINCTaMN. 

P~CCMOTPMM OTAeJIbHbIe TNIIOBbIe KOHCTPYKUNN COBPeMeHHbIX 

~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK C AN3eJIbHbIM IIPNBOAOM. 

YCT~HOBK~ EY2500,QTY, cepNfi~b1fi BbInyCK KOTOPO~~ 6b1n HaYaT 

Ha B3ET B 1978 r. Ha 6a3e paHee ~ b ~ n y c ~ a ~ r u yCTaHoBKu 

e t i c ~ 

EY8OEpA, NMeeT ~BTOHOMH~I~~ ,UN~~JI~-~N,~P~BJIN~~CK& IIPNBOA, 

yHNBepCaJlbHyIO MOHT~X~CIIOCO~HOCT~, 06ecnesu~ae~ 6onbruyro 1-116- 

KOCT~ XapaKTepMCTNK a ru~lpo~afi ~uanaso~ perympoBaHusI OCHOB- 

HbIX NCIIOJIHNTeJIbHbIX MeXaHPi3MOB N BbICOKYIO ~@@~KTIIBHOCT~ 

6ype~~s1 H~@TSIH~IX M Ta30BblX CKBaXNH pa3JIllr1~0fi KOHCTPYKUNM 

B pa3~006pa3~b1~ TeOJIOTN'IeCKUX N KJINMaTN'IeCKNX YCJIOBBHX. 

B~ICOK~R TPY30nOA'beMHOCTb YCTaHOBKN (160 T) npH BOCbMN- 

CTP~HHO~ OCHaCTKe ~aJIe~0fi CNCTeMbI II03BOJIHeT ~@@~KTNBHO BeCTN 

cno N JINKBNAllpOBaTb 3aTRlKKN 6ypNJIbH0fi KOJIOHHbI Pi OCJIOXHe- 

HEIR B CTBOJIe CKBaXNNbI 6e3 AOIIOJIHUTeJIbHbIX CpeACTB. 

pacnonoxesue O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ ycTaHoBKu 

H H R 

Ha pnc. 1.2 no~a3a~o 

EY2500ATY. Tpynno~oii ~~3e~1b-r~~pa~~1usec~Ila 

npmon coc~ou~ 

N3 Tpex CNJIOBbIX arperaToB CAT-450 C AN3eJIHMN TNna B2-450 

M O ~ H O C T 330 ~ ~ KBT. MOUHOCT~ 

MaTOPbI TTK-1, KaPAaHHbIe BaJIbI Fi UIUHHO-nHeBMaTNYeCKNe MY@TM 

MU-500 nepeAaeTcsI Ha uen~oii C ~ M M N ~ ~ I O UPeAyKTOP. N ~ ~ 

MOUHOCT~ 

OT nasenefi qepes TYP~OT~~HC@OP- 

C K P ~ ~ ~ H BaJIOB N X CYMMNPYH3uerO PeAYKTOPa OT~UpaeTcsI 

Ann cnenymwix arperaToB: Knn npmona ne6en1cu u po- 

Topa, AByM HaCoCaM N KOMIIpeCCOpy KT-6. npa H~O~XOAHMOCTH 

MOuHOCTb MOXeT nepeAaBaTbCR OAHOBPeMeHHO KaK JIe6e~~e N POTOpy, 

TaK N HaCOCaM. ~ T N OIIepaUNN OCyLIIeCTBJIRIoTCH nyTeM BKJIIOrIeHNR 

H~O~XOANM~IX UINHHO-nHeBMaTII9eCKIIX MY@T. 

YCT~HOBK~ yK0MnJIeKTOBaHa OCHOBaHNRMU, YKPbITNRMU N BCeM 

H~O~XOAHM~IM O~OPYAOB~HN~M. 0 6 ~ MaCCa a ~ ee 380 T. 

YCT~HOBK~ bY5000,Ll,I'Y-1 npeAHa3Ha'ieHa AJIX 6ype~u~ CKBa- 

XNH A0 rJIy6ki~b1 5000 M KaK POTOPHbIM, TaK Pi TYP~IIHH~~M CIIOCO- 

60~. YCT~HOBK~ oTJIwYaeTcH JIerKOCTbIo YIIpaBJIeHkiR H o6cnyx~~a- 

HNR, YHNBepCaJIbHOCTbIO MOHTaXa U TPaHCIIOPTUPOBKN. OH^ COCTO- 

NT E13 TpeX OCHOBHbIX ~JIOKOB: B~IIII~YHo-JI~~~AoYHo~o, CNJIOBOrO N 

HaCOCHOrO !4 PRAa MeJIKNX ~JIOKOB: MOCTICOB, KOHCOJbHO-IIOBOPOT- 

Puc. 1.2. Pacnonoxenwe 6ypo~oro 060py~osa- 

HUR YCTaHOBKW BY2500JJTY: 

1 - POTOP; 2 - BCnOMOraTeJIbHaII neben~a; 3 - non bypoeo8; 

4 - 6ypoaan ne6e~Ka; 5- Knn; 6 - CYMMHPY~O. 

4aR TpaHCMHCCHII; 7 - AHSMH; 8 - TPPHCMHCCHII HaCO- 

COB; Y - Byposble Hacocu; 10 - npHeMHblB pesepByap 

pacTBopa; I1 - nHTarenbHhle qe~~pobex~ble Hacocbl; 

oYncTKH pacTeopa: 13 - KoMnpeccopnaa ycra- 

15 - BuuKa 

12 - 6no~ HoeKa: 14 - ocxosaiiue BULUKH; 

HOrO KpaHa, ~ J I ~ K T ~ o ~ A AN3enb-3fieKTpOCTaHUUU, o K ~ , 

LINPKYJIRLIWOH- 

H0fi CIICTeMbI, TOnJIkiBOYCTaHOBKN. 

P~CIIOJIOX~HN~ OCHOBHOrO O~OPYAOB~HBR 3~0fi YCTaHOBKU aHa- 

JIOrUsHO OnHCaHHOMY BbILUe (YCT~HOBK~ 

YeCKaR CXeMa ee (~uc. 1.3) HeCKOnbKO OTANsHa. T~K, 

Ban ne6en~~ 3 Bpauael.cn OT Knn 6 He OHHOG, a AB~MH UenHbIMK 

TPaHCMMCCNRMN. POTOP 1 nPNBOAUTCR BO BpaUeHHe OT Knn Uen- 

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N KapnaHH~fi Ban. 

Ta~oe PeUIeHkie IlpOAIlKTOBaHO Pa3HblMII YPOBHRMW paCnOJIOXeHuR 

pOTOpa u ne6enKu. 

EY2500ATY). KUH~M~TM- 

6apa6a~~b1fi

B c ~ o M o ~ ~ T ~ J TOPM03 I ~ H ~ I 4 ~ ~ COeAUHReTCR C IIOA'beMHbIM BaJIOM 

J I ~ ~ ~ A3y6sa~ofi K u MY@TOB; a perynmop nonasu PnJI.3-3 5 - ~ U H - 

HO-~H~BM~TU~~CKO# MY@TOB C BTOPUqHbIM BanOM Knn. 

npu~o~ ocaauea Y ~ T N ~ ~ M R 

CUJIOBbIMM arperaTaMu CA-10 c AU3eJIRMU 6'4H 21/21 8 MOUHO- 

CTbIO 463 KBT K ~XAM~~. MO~HOCT~ OT ~U3enefi TaK We, KaK U 

B YCTaHOBKe EY 2500ATY, sepe3 T ~ ~ ~ O T ~ ~ H C @ O P M TTR-745 ~ T O ~ N 

9, KapAaHHbIe BanbI U WUHHO-IIHeBMaTUYeCKUe MY@TM umM-700 

10 nepenaeTcR Ha uen~oii cy~~upymuuii penymop 7. npu 6ype- 

HUH CKBaXUH A0 4000 M AOnyCTUMaR Harpy3Ka Ha KpIOKe U3MeHReTCR 

C 3,2 Ha 2,5 MH 3a CYeT IIpUMeHeHUR T ~ J I ~ BOCHaCTKU o ~ 

C pa3JIHqHbIM sUCJIOM ~e~~el? - 12 U 10. 

B YCTaHOBKe UCnOJIb3yeTCR 6ypo~a~ ne6e~~a fiBY-1100Ml 3, 

6ypo~oii Hacoc Y8-6MA2 12 M KoMnpeccop K-5M 11. 

Bb1rues~o-ne6e~os~bIR 6no~ - ~au6onee ~~xen~ii. Ha HeM 

YCTaHOBJIeHbI 6ypo~a~ BbIUKa C KOMnJIeKCOM MeXaHU3MOB 

ACn-3M4, POTOP, OCHOBHaR H BCnOMOraTeJIbHaR JI~~~AKU, 6yp0~0fi 

KJIIOq, MeXaHU3M AnR KpenJIeHUR HenOABUXHOrO KOHUa KaHaTa, 

nopTan Ann noA3eMa B~IUIKU B BepTuKanbHoe nonoxeaue. Hanusue 

KoMnneKca ACn-3M4 cHuxaeT BpeMR Ha cnyc~o-no~'beM~b~e 

I rpynno~oii ~usenb-ru~pa~nusec~uii 

I 

I PaUUU B CPeAHeM Ha 35%. OTM~TK~ n0na ~Y~OBOR 

6,2 M. E j y p o ~ a ne6e~~a 

~ 

one- 

COCTaBJIReT 

pacnonoxeaa Ha oTMeTKe 1,9 M, sbImKa 

KpenUTCR K OCHOBaHUIO Ha OTMeTKe 3 M. Macca YCTaHOBKU COCTaBnReT 

572 T. 

YCT~HOBKN 

C 3JIeKTPUYeCKUM IIPHBOAOM IHUPOKO PaCnpOCTpaHe- 

HbI IIpU 6ype~uu 3KCIIJIyaTaUUOHHbIX CKBaXUH rny6u~ofi A0 5000 M 

B paiio~ax, uMemuux UCTOYHUKU ~ H ~ P ~ O C H ~ ~ X ~ Hanusue H H R . npo- 

M H ~ ~ ~ ~ Hce~eii H ~ I X nepeMeHHoro ToKa npoue pemaeT npo6ne~y 

~ ~ ~ K T ~ O C H ~ ~YPOBHX. 

~ X ~ H U H 

YCT~HOBKU C 3JIeKTPHYeCKUM IIPUBOAOM OTJIUYaIOTCR OT yCTaH0- 

BOK C AU3eAbHbIM nPUBOAOM Tor0 Xe KJIaCCa TOJIbKO CaMUM npUB0- 

&OM. OCT~JI~HO~ O ~ O ~ ~ A O B KaK ~ H U rJIaBHOe ~ (ne6en~a, HaCOCbI, 

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OAUHaKOBOe. CJ'I~AY~T OTMeTUTb, 9TO YCTaHOBKU C AU3eJIbHNM npU- 

BOAOM UCnOnb3yIOT AJIR 6ype~u~ B OCHOBHOM Pa3BeAOYHbIX 

CKBaXHH, rAe IIPHXOAUTCR YCTaHaBJIUBaTb AOnOnHUTeJIbHbIe pe3ep- 

ByapbI AJIR 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa, a UHOrAa U T P ~ T U HaCOC, ~ n03TOMy 

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C 3JIeKTPNYeCKUM IIPUBOAOM 6onbme. 

A0 1987 r. B COB~TCKOM C0IO3e AJIR 6ype~UR CKBaXUH my6u- 

~0ii A0 5000 M IIpUMeHRJIU YCTaHOBKU TOJIbKO C AU3eJIbHbIM U HeperyJIUpyeMbIM 

3JIeKTpOIlpUBOAOM nepeMeHHOr0 TOKa, C npUBOAOM OT 

acuHxpoHHbIx u CHHXPOHHHX sne~~po~~ura~eneii. XOTR npu ucnonb- 

3OBaHUU HeperyJIMpyeMOrO IIpUBOAa CHUXaeTCR ~@@~KTNBHOCT~ 

6y-

PeHNR, OAHaKO C 3TnM IIpNXOANJIOCb MWpkiTbCR BCJIeACTBkie npOCT0- 

TbI ~ H ~ ~ ~ O C H ~ ~ CHNXeHNR X ~ H H R , Ha 15-20°/0 MaCCbI YCTaHOBOK, 

a TaKXe CTOAMOCTN MOHTaXa ki TPaHCIIOPTAPOBKN. O~CJIYXAB~T~ 

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YWCJIeHHOCTb IIepCOHaJIa Ha 3TUX YCTaHOBKaX Ha 4-8 YeJIOBeK 

MeHbUle. 

B 80-x rOAaX B CBR3W C pa3BNTAeM THPNCTOPHO~ TeXHNKN A C03- 

AaHneM TnpacTopHbIx npeo6pa30~a~enefi nepeMeHHoro ToKa B no- 

CTORHH~I~~ 60flb~~0g MOUHOCTN (AO 1000 KBT ki 6onee) IIORBNJIaCb 

B03MOXHOCTb npNMeHeHNR PeryJIApyeMOrO 3JleKTpOnpHBOAa B 6y- 

POBbIX YCTaHOBKaX C nkiTaHNeM 3JIe~~p03~eprUefi OT IIpOMbILUJIeH- 

HHX ce~eii nepeMeHHoro ToKa npw 6ype~AN He TonbKo rny6o~kix 

CKBaXNH, HO N CKBaXWH H~~OJI~LUNX rny6u~. MCIIMT~HMR nOKa3aJIN, 

9TO 3TN YCTaHOBKki 6onee ~@@~KTHBHM U HaAeXHbI B COIIOCTaBN- 

M~IX YCJIOBNRX, 9eM c HeperynkipyeMm sneKTponpkiBoAoM nepeMeH- 

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P~CCMOT~UM 

KOHCTPyKUNN HeKOTOPMX TAnOBbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTa- 

HOBOK C 3JIeKTPOIIPNBOAOM. 

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ToKa pa3pa6o~a~a B3ET. OH^ npe~~a3~ase~a A m 6y- 

PeHAR 3KCIIJIyaTaUkiOHHbIX CKBaXkiH my6n~oii 1600 M IIpN BeCe 

1 M 6ypkinb~b1x ~py6 300 H. 

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(pkic. 1.4) COCTOAT U3 BbILUe9HOr0, JIe6e~09~0r0, Ha- 

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BepTJIIorOM 4, KPIOKO~JIOKOM 5, TaJIeBbIM KaHaTOM 6, ~~JIKOHOM 7 

N JIeCTHNUaMA 8), POTOpa 11 N IIaKeTOB 10 c~eYefi NJIU O~C~AH~IX 

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14 npwBoAa N m~a@a~n pnpaBneHnR pacnonoxeabl Ha 

OTAeJIbHOM OCHOBaHkiH 15. 

Ha OCHOBaHNA HaCOCHOrO ~ J I O K 17 ~ HaXOARTCR ABa Hacoca 

HET-375 20 C PeryJINpyeMbIMN 3JIeKTpOABNraTeJIHMM 19 ki CTaH- 

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C O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ AJIR H H ~ OYNCTKN M N npArOTOBJIeHNR 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa 

IIpeACTaBJIRIOT co6oii OTAeJIbHbIe ~JIOKH. 

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N e 

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N AeMOHTaXa YCTaHOBKN. KpenJIe~kiR ~JIOKOB MeXAy co6oii, 3JIe- 

MeHTOB M~HN@oJI~A~, TPY~O~POBOAOB Ha ~JIOK~X U B MeCTaX CTM- 

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HbI. B OTAeJIbHhIX CJIyYaRX YCTaHOBKa MOXeT pa36kipa~b~H ki nepe- 

B03NTbCR YHUBepCaJIbHbIM TpaHCIIOpTOM.

Ha 6e3onac~y1o BbICOTy MOXHO IIOAHNMaTb npN IIOMOuN aBapkifiH0r0 

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YCTaHOBKN. 

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nyJIbTa 6ypNJIb14kiKa. B~n0~0ra~eJIb~bIfi TOPM03 BKJIIoYaeTCR KY- 

JI~YKOBO~~ MY@TO~~. 6yp0BbIe HaCOCbI, KOMnpeCCOpbI, BN~~OCNT~, 

BCnOMOraTeJIbHaR JIe6eAKa, WJIaMOBbIe HaCOCbI NMeIoT CaMOCTOR- 

TeJIbHbIe NHANBNAyaJIbHbIe IIpNBOAbI. Macca Bcefi YCTaHOBKU 185 T. 

YCT~HOBKH 6Y25003n H 6Y2500A3n-1 OTJINsaIoTCR OT paHee 

BbInyCKaeMbIX B36T ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK 6Y25003Y TeM, YTO npU- 

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u po~opa) ocyuecTsnReTcR OT perynwpyeMHx sne~~po~ssra~enek 

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npeo6pa3y1ouue 

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Ha HeM BbIlIIKU, POTOpa, BcIIoMo~~T~JI~Ho~~ JI~~~AKH, KJIIoYa 

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KoHqa TaneBoro KaHaTa n csesefi. 

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c~a~rlkiefi 

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u BO~A~XOC~O~HNK~MU. Ko~npeccop~ npefi~a3~ase~b1 A m nonyse- 

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Mn3-500-500 MOuHOCTbIo 500 KBT KaX~bIfi AJIR IIpUBOAa JIe6efiKN 

H HaCOCOB, 3JIeKTpOABNraTeJIR A816 IIpNBOAa POTOpa, npeo6pa30sa- 

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KOMnJIeKCHOrO TApNCTOpHOrO ~ C T ~ O ~ ~ CB~ICOKOBOJI~THO~~ T B ~ , 

R Y ~ ~ ~ K N 

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BCnOMOraTeJIbHOrO IIpNBOAa 2nH225MT, aBapNfiHor0 AN3eJIb-3JIeK- 

TpNYeCKOI'O arperaTa ACAA-200, AByX AN3eJIb-3JIeKTpUYeCKNX arperaToB 

no 1000 KBT, re~epa~op~ofi CTaHuuu nepeMeHHoro ToKa 

(TOJI~KO AJIR 6Y2500A3n-1) N COII~OTNBJI~HU~~ AJIR ANHaMNYeCKO- 

TO TOPMOXeHNR npN CIIyCKe KOJIOHH TPY~. 

~ P N M ~ H ~ B HIIpNBOAe N ~ NCIIOJIHATeJIbHbIX MeXaHN3MOB 3JIeKTpO- 

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TOT IIpNBOA 06ecnesnsae~ YAO~CTBO N 6e30na~~0~~b 06cnyxu- 

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a 6Y2500A3l-I-1 - 370 T. 

5 5. YCTAHOBKW AJIR KYCTOBOrO EYPEHMR 

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T ~ KaK K KYCTOBOe 6ype~ue CBOANTCR K IIpOBOAKe CKBaXNH C ne- 

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pa3MeueHNN HaCOCOB N CUCTeMbI UNPKYJIRUNN N OYMCTKN PaCTBO- 

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Ha3HaYeHa AJIR KyCTOBOrO 6ype~n~ 3KCIIJIyaTa~NOHHbIX CKBaXNH 

Ha H@T~ N r83 A0 MY~NH~I 3000 M. OH^ COCTONT N3 CJIeAYIouWX 

OCHOBHbIX 6~0~0~: B~I~II~YHO-JI~~~AOYHOTO (KOMII~~CCO~HOI'O), Ha- 

COCHOrO, ~JI~KT~o~JIoK~. nepBb1e ABa COCTORT N3 MeJIKNX ~JOKOB, 

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O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ N H KOMMYHUKa~NRMN. 

H ~ M 

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no penbcaM. Aua~e~p XOAOB~IX Konec TenexeK 

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~arpy30~ 

Ha Bce YeTbIpe Koneca. B nposecce 6ype~u~

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OCOB 

npNBOn H O M U H 6ypoBb1x ~ ~ ~ HMOUHO O ~ HaCCTbK) ~ 

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640 KBT n p ~ qacToTe BPaLUeHWA 

208 T. 

HacocHbIfi GnoK paCnOnOXeH OTAenbHO. OH COCTONT N3 OCHOBa- 

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no d'pan~aru~ 

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CA- 1AAT- 1000, COCTORWUX ~3 AU3eJIR 6qH-26/26 (1A-6A49) 

MOWHOCTbIo 825 KBT npu 1000 O~/MNH (AJ'IUT~JI~H~R nOJIe3HaR MOW- 

HOCTb AM3eJIR 775 KBT), KOMnJ'IeKCHOrO T ~ ~ ~ O T ~ ~ H C @ O P M 

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arperaTa c ~exa~usec~oii ~pa~c~uccueii, He C B R ~ ~ H Hc O rpynno- ~ 

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8000 M. BoJIbIIIofi ~@@C?KT nOJIy9aIoT OT TOTO, 9TO B 3TUX YCTaHOB- 

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6onb~wx my6u~ax. npu TOM BpeMR, sa~paswsae~oe Ha cnycK u 

nOA'beM KOJIOHHbI, COKpaWaeTCR Ha 10-15%. Ecnu YseCTb, sT0 

B npouecce 6ype~u~ cKBaxuH Ha my6u~ax 6onee 6000, M Ha cnyc- 

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M o u ~ b I e CUJIOBbIe npUBOAb1 nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa MOXHO C03AaTb 

pa3JIUsHO: nu60 IIpe06pa30~bIBa~b nepeMe~Hb1fi TOK, n~~a~ae~b 

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n-81 MOUHOCT~IO 1600 KBT u reHepaTopa nocTonHHoro ToKa 

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1000 061~~~. 0 6 ~ yCTaHOBJIeHHaR a ~ 

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non'be~~oii ne6en~u u HacocoB. Mow~oc~b ABuraTenR noA%eMa 

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AeHAR 6onbiuoe 3HaqeHUe NMeeT npaBHnbH0CTb ~b160pa Tuna 6ypo. 

BbIX YCTaHOBOK, KOTOPbIe AJIR AaHHOrO paa0~a OKaXYTCR ~a~60n 

3KOHOMU9HbIMN. npe~~e BCerO B 3aBNCNMOCTH OT pa3MepOB IIJ'IO. 

WaAH, MY~HH~I 3aJIeTaHNR nPOAYKTABHbIX rOPU30HTOB, P~CCTORHH~ 

A0 ACTOqHAKOB ~ H ~ P ~ O C H ~ ~ X IIePCneKTUBHOCTA ~ H U R , 6nu3nexa~~1 

CTpyKTyp HaAO OlJeHUTb u~JI~coo~~~~HocT~ 

~JI~KTPH@HK~LIWH AaA 

Horo paiio~a. nep~arr sa~asa - onpeAeneHne BO~MOXHOCTU H qe 

JI~coo~~~~HocTU COOPYXeHAR JIUHHA 3JIeKTpOnepe&aqU AJIH npflHe 

HeHWR ~JI~KTPU@U~APOB~HH~IX YCTaHOBOK; BTOPaH - B ~I~OP KIIaCCi 

6ypo~brx YCTaHOBOK, KOTOpbIe II03BOJIRT ~ Y P H T 6b1c~pee ~ 

H AC! 

rueme. 

M c x o ~ ~ AaHHbIe b ~ e npH ~b16ope ~au6onee pauuoHanbHoro ma4 

ca 6ypo~ofi YCTaHOBKU - npOeKTHaR my6a~a U KOHCTPYKUHR CKBa 

XUH. Kpo~e TOrO, AJIR OnpeneJIeHHR cnoco6a TpaHCnOPTUPOBKH 

MOHTaXa YCTaHOBKA H~O~XOAHMO YqHTbIBaTb penbe@ MeCTHOCfi 

rpYHTOBbIe YCJIOBHR, OXUAaeMyIo CKOPOCTb 6ype~u~. 

n p u M e p 1. Bbl6pa~b KnaCC 6yp0~oR YCTaHOBKU Ann 6ype~ua CKBa 

rny6u~oR L=3000 M. ~ O H C T ~ ~ K UCKBaXUHhI: U ~ 

KOHAYKTOp AUaMeTpOM 

=340 MM npu TOJllUUHe CTeHOK 6=11 MM, BeC 1 M KOHAYKTOPSI qr=1000 

IIpOMeXyTOsHaSl KOnOHHa dn=245 MM, TOJIlUHHa CTeHKU 6=9,5 MM, qn=590 

3~cnnya~aquo~~aa KonoHHa d,= 146 MM, qa=320 HIM. rny6u~a cnycrta. 

KOHlIVKTODa . . 1,=400: . npOMeXy~0~08 KOJIOHHN ln=2200; 3KCnJJyaTaUUOH~ 

A 

KOJIOHHH ls=3000. 

Ana 6 y p e ~ U CKBBXUH ~ A0 ~ ~ O ~ K Trny6e~bl H O ~ IIpHMeHaloTCa 127-~~ 6 

pUnbHbIe TPY~N C TOJII~HHO~~ CTeHKU 6=9 MM, qm=276 H/M U 200 M 178-9 

yTaXeneHHblx 6ypnJIbHbIx ~py6 (YET), q,6~=1450 HIM. A u a ~ e T p CKBIXH) 

non KOHAVKTOP dc=445 MM, CKOPOCT~ nomeMa pacTBopa B ~~TPY~HOM np 

CT~~HCTB~ K O ~ ~ A ~ K T O 0,5 ~ ~ M/C. 

Peure~ne. 

npU 3TUX YCnOBHRX BeC KOHAyKTOPa 

GK = lKq, = 400.1000 = 0,4 MH; 

sec np0MeX~~04~0fi KOnOHHH 

Gn=Inqn=2200.590= 1.3 MH; 

BeC ~KC~JIY~T~UWOHHO~~ 

KOnOHHbl 

G,=l,q,=3000~320=0,96 MH; 

sec 6ypunb~aX 

~py6 

G6, = t6T96T = 2800.276 = 0,77 MH; 

sec YET 

GydT = tY6TqY6T = 200.1450 = 0,29 MH;

I 

(I 

(ks= 1,5 - KO~@@HUH~HT 3anaca). 

6ypkiJIbHb1~ ~py6 rpynnbl npOHOCTH E nHaMeTPoM d61'127 MM H Ton- 

IIIHHOfi CTeHKW 6=9 MM Pa3PbIBHaR nPOqHOCTb R6r=1,79MH. 3T'M T~e60BaHHnM 

no ll0ny~THM0fi HarpySKe Ha KpIOKe YnOBneTBOpReT 6ypo~a~ ycTaHoBKa IIRToro 

Knacca no rOCT 16293-82 C fl0IIy~TEiMofi ~arpys~ofi Ha KproKe RK=~ 

(CM. ~a6n. 1.1). B COOTBeTCTBHH C ~OCTOM HarpySKa oT Beta 6~~HnbH0fi 

H ~ I 

EonycKaeTcn He 6onee 0,6 Rn, T. e. 0,6.2=1,2 MH. TaK KaK B HaWeM CAY. 

ae Gax= l,O6 MH, TO ebl6paHHaa ycTaHoBKa ynosneTBOPfleT SToMY T~e60Ba~~lo. 

MOxeT 6blTb 

Ecn~ CKBaXHHa ~YPHTCR C 60ilbLI.I~~ HCnOM peRCOB H Ha 

Mexa. 

SaTpaqeHO MHOrO BpeMeHH, TO YCTaHOBKy CneAyeT ~616pa~b C 

none3~an MOUHOCT~ HaCOCOB 

NH= QHKpc=O,07. 15.108= 105.104 BT HAH 1050 KBT, 

me pc - naeneHHe HaCOCOB, ~eo6xo~~bioe 

npoKasKe 6ypo~oro pacTeopa npH 6ype~~u 

= 15- lo6 na HAH 15 Mna. 

MOUHOCT~ npHBona Hacoca 

Nnn = Nn/2qu = 1050/2.0,8 = 656 KBT* 

MH 

npa 

Ha npeononeHRe ~ O n p o ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ H f i 

non KOHAYKTOP~ npHMeM Poa 

HaCOCa C npHB0nH0fi MOIUHOCTbIO 600 HAH 7 5 KBT ~ ~ ax~~fi. 

HOBKH. 

1. HasHase~He, (PYHKUHH H COcTaB OcHOBHoro 060p~ll0BaHBR ~YPOBOR YCTa- 

2. Tpe6oaa~ws, npWbasnrreMne K ~YPOBEJM yCTaHOBKaM. 

3. napa~e~pn, xapa~~ep~3ylow~e 

6ypo~yro ~cT~HOBKY, fl 

6ypo~b1~ YCTaHOBOK AAR ~YP~HHR Ha KOHTHHeHTe. 

K~~CCH@HK~U~R 

4. 6ypoB~e YcTaHOBKR C SJleKTpOnpHBOAoM, 06naCTb Hx IlPHMeHeHHR HX 

npeHMyUeCTBa H HeAOCTaTKH. 

5. Byposne ycTaHoBKH nns KyCTOBOrO fjype~~a, BX oTnasee OT yeaaepcanb- 

HbIX YCTBHOBOK. 

I 6. Byposne YCTaHOBKH C nH3eJbHblM npHBOnOM, HX npeHbfymeCTBO n Heno- 

CTaTKH no CpaBHeHHIO C YCTaHOBKaMH C ~JI~KT~o~~HBo~~OMycTaHoaoK 

nns 6yp€3Iafl c~py~~yp~o-noflcKoB~x CKBaXHH. 

7. Xapa~~epncr~~a 

8. Bn6op YCTaHOBOK nnrr 6ypt?HHa CKBaXHHbI 0 0npeAeneHHMx YcnoBRflx. 

rnABA I1 

COOPY)I

~ ~ a TaKxe ~ ~ pe3ep~yapo~ 

a , AnR pacmopa u peareHToB. I'Ipue~. 

HbIe ropU30HTaJIbHbIe 1 U HaKnOHHbIe 2 MOCTKU HY2KHbI AJIR IIOArO- 

TOBKU u 3aTaCKUBaHUR B ~YPOBYD ~YPNJI~H~IX, YTRXeneHHbIX U 

Pa3~epb1 BHUIKW - BbIcoTa, rUkipuHa n 

O~C~AHMX ~py6; KO~JI~I-c~ennaxu - Ann xpaHeHuR aanaca BTWX 

AJIUHbl OCHOBaHkiR M IIJlOUaAKU nOA KPOH~JIOK. 

~py6. KOHCT~~KUWU OCHOB~HH~~ MOrYT 6b1~b CaMbIMU pa3JIU9HbIMU 

BbIco~a h onpenenReTcR H~O~XOAMMMM pac- 

B 3aBUCkiMOCTU OT YCJIOBU~~ 6ype~u~ ( ~ cyme, a B ~OJIOT~X, Ha PaB- 

CTORHUeM MeXAY YPOBHeM IIOJla 6yp0~0fi H 

HHHHO~~ UJIU ~ O P H O MeCTHOCTU ~ ~ 

UJIU B BOAHbIX ~~OCT~~HCTB~X). pa~oti K~OH~JIOK~ nnR nepeMeueHuR TaneBo- 2 

KOHCT~~KUUH BbILUeK MeHee pa3~006pa3Hb1 U B OCHOBHOM 3aBUCRT 

I 

ro 6~1o~a npM cno (pnc. 11.2). B~IcoT~ H 

OT AOIIYCTNMO~ HarPJJ3KII Ha KPZOK, BbICOTbI YCTaHOBKN U ~pe6o~a- 

CKJIaAbIBaeTCR U3 hl - PaCCTORHNR II0 Bep- 

HHR MOHT~X~C~OCO~HOCTU. 

TuKann OT nona B ~ I ~ KAO U Topua 3 a ~ non- ~ a 

BHLLIKU nonpa3nen~1o~c~ Ha MasTosHe, uMeIouue on~y nnn Ase 

~erUeHH0fi CBeski, hz - AJIUHbI UTpOnOB, KPIO- 

OnOPbI, U 6aUIe~~b1e, UMeIoUUe TPW kinU qeTbIpe OnOpbI. CT~H~H~ Ka u TaneBoro ~JIOK~, ha - sanaca Ha nepe- 

~~~~OPHOCTII BbIrUKW OnPeAeJIReT MOHT~X~C~OCO~HOCT~ U TpaHCnOp- 

IlOn'beM - PaCCTORHUR MeXAy BepXHUM TOP- 

T ~ ~ ~ A ~ H OM C T ~ . ~ T oCeKQUOHHbIe B ~ I ~ B bILU KM COCTORT U3 

UOM TaneBOrO 6no~a U H H X H ~ nOBepXH0- 

~ ~ 

HeCKOJIbKHX CBaPHbIX ~epa360p~b1x C~KUU~~, co6upae~b1x O~HYHO 

CTbm K ~ O H ~ ~ (6-10 O K ~ M), 1 - AJIUHbI CBesU. 

B rOPN30HTaJIbHOM IIOJIOXeHUM, Ma'ITOBYH3 BbIWKY nOAHNMaIoT 

A ~ YMeHbrUeHWR H 

BpeMeHH Ha cno 6y- 

B CO~P~HHOM BUAe. 6 a UieH H bI e B bIU KU C O ~ H P ~ B ~ BepTU- T 

PHnbHble TPY~~I U3BJIeKaIoT U3 CKBaXUHhl CO- 

KaJIbHOM ~OJlOXeHNN N3 OTneJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB, Ha rITO TpaTUTCR 

eAMHeHHbIMU no &Be UJIU TPU, T. e. o6pa3ye~- ! 

6onbme BpeMeHU, seM npU MOHTaXe MaqTOBbIX. B HaCTORUee Bpe- 

CR mesa ~nli~oii 18, 24 unn 27 M B sa~ucu- i 

MR B YCTaHOBKaX AJIR 6ype~a~ Ha KOHTUHeHTe nPUMeHRK)T BhIUlKU 

' 

MOCTW OT AJIUHbI TPY~. B HeKOTOPbIX CJIYYaRX 

Ma'iTOBOI'O Tuna 6onbruoR rpy30nOA'beMHOCTU 400-500 T U 6onee. 

IlpHMeHRIoT CBeqU AJIUHO~~ A0 36 M, COCTaB- 

B YCTaHOBKaX AJIR 6ype~n~ Ha Mope, H~O~O~OT, UCnOJIb3yIoT IIpaK- 

JIeHHbIe W3 TpeX ~py6 IIO 12 M UJIU seTHpeX 

TkIYeCKU TOJIbKO 6arUeHHbIe BbIIUKN, TaK KaK OHH He ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ I O T C S I , ~py6 no 9 M. DJIUHa CBeW OI'paHHqUBaeTCR 

HO 06nanam~ 6onb1~oR ~CTO~~~IUBOCT~ZO. 

nMaMeTpOM ~py6, TaK KaK YCTaHOBJIeHHbIe 

BepTUKaJIbHO B ~YPOBO~~ CBeW nporuba~o~ca 

5 2. EiYPOBbIE BbIIlIKU, YCTPORCTBO U IlAPAMETPbI 

TeM CUJlbHee, YeM MeHbUJe UX nHaMeTp. 

06~9~0 npU AnliHe CBeYPi 18 M BMCOTa BHLLIKU COCTaBJIReT 27- 

Eypo~acI BbIruKa npeAcTasnReT co6oii BepTuKanbHyIo MeTannu- 

29 M, npU AJIUHe CBeqU 24-27 M BbICOTa - 38-45 M, a npU AnHHe 

qeCKyIo KOHCTPYKUUIo B BUAe yceqe~H0fi nUpaMUAbI, CyXaIoUyIoCcI csew 36 M nones~a~ BbIcoTa B~ILUKU nocTHraeT 53 M. C ysenase- 

KBepXy. OH^ COCTOUT U3 ~OKOB~IX rpaHe8, BePXHRR 9aCTb KOTOPbIX 

HMeM BbICOTbI BbIUIKU 3HagUTeJIbHO BO3paCTaeT ee MaCCa, yCJIOXicc~a6IKeHa 

pa~0fi AJIR MOHTaXa K~oH~JIoK~, a HUXHRH qaCTb rpa- 

HRIoTCR MOHTaX U TPaHCnOPTUPOBKa. npU~e~t?Hkie c~eseR ~ofi HJIU 

~efi KpenUTCcI K OCHOBaHUIO ~YPOBO~~. B cpen~efi qaCTU BbIrUKU 

UHOG AJIUHbI OnpeAenReTCR ~KOHOMH~~CKO~~ ~ ~ J I ~ c o o ~ ~ ~ ~ H o c T ~ 

CMOHTUPOBaHbI ~~JIKOH AJIR pa6o~~d BTOpOrO nOMOUHUKa 6ypUJIb- 

M a s ~ o ~ b IBbIUIKU e 6 b I ~ a I o OAHO- ~ U ABYXOnOPHHe C OTKP~ITOB 

waea u ~arasu~ AnR p a 3 ~ e ~ BepxHux e ~ u ~ KOHUOB c~esefi. B~I~UKU llepe~~efi rpaHbIo ~0pbI~006pa3~0fi @OPM~I HJIH C ABYMSI OTKPHTbI- 

O~OPYAYI~TCR JIeCTHWUaMU, CTPeMRHKaMW UJIU nOn'beMHUKOM. 

MU I'PaHRMH A-06pa3~oR (POPM~I. Ha npOMbIcnax COB~TCKOX'O Corn- 

B~IIUKU KJI~CCW@WUMPYI~T no M~KcUM~JI~HO~~ HarpysKe, no pas- 

3a 60~1brue paCnpOCTpaHeHbI A-06pa3~b1e BbIIUKU BCneACTBUe JIyW 

MepaM -BbICOTe U IIJIOUaAki OCHOBaHUR, n0 CWCTeMe OnUpaHUR U 

WUX UX 3KCIIJIyaTauUOHHbIX KaZIeCTB, ~e6onbmofi MeTaJIJIOeMKOCTU 

nepeAasU HarPY3Kki Ha OCHOBaHNe, n0 CTeneHIl ~ ~ ~ ~ O P H OII C CnO- T N 

H ~HCT~OTM C~OPKW. BbIm~a A-06pa3~0r0 Tuna COCTOHT H3 CBap* 

co6a~ MOHTaXa. OCHOBHH~ napaMeTpbI BbIUeK - MaKCUMaJIbHaR 

HbIX TpeX- UJIU seTbIpeXrpaHHbIX Qep~ - KOJIOHH, COeAUHeHHMX 

Harpy3Ka H pa3MepbI - BbICOTa U IIJIOUaAb OCHOBaHUcI. 

MeXAy co6oR B ~epx~efi saCTU ~ o ~ K ~ o H ~ J I o pa~ofi, ~ H o ~ a ~ BHU3y 

M a ~ c k i ~ a J I b ~ Ha aR r p y 3 K a H a BbIUIKY-3T0 ripe- 

ilpUKpenneHHbIX K OCHOBaHUIo 6yp0~0fi IUapHHpaMU. Kaxnaa KO* 

aeJIbH0 AOnyCTUMaR BepTUKaJIbHaR CTaTUqeCKacI Harpy3Ka Ha KPIOK, 

JIOHHa B 3aBHCUMOCTU OT BMCOTbI BhILUKU COCTOUT U3 TpeX - n5ITH 

KoTopaR He AonxHa 6b1~b npesHlueHa B nposecce Bcero QuKna npo- 

CBapHbIX ce~QHfi. C ~ K ~ UCBapUBaIoTCcI U 

U3 ~py6 UJIU npO@UJIbH0I'0 

BOAKN CKBaXNHbI He3aBUCUMO OT BUAa U npO~OJIXUTeJIbH0CTU BbInpoKaTa. 

KOHU~I ce~uufi C H ~ ~ X ~ H@na~ua~~ H 

A m coenuHeHua 

nOJIHReMbIX OIIepauUfi. ~efic~~ylouue HaTPY3KU HUXe npe~eJIb~0fi 

NX MeXAY ~060ii npu c6op~e. 

He AOJIXH~I ~~HBOAUT~ K pa3pyue~um B~IIUKU. Ecan OHU npem- 

B~PXHRR CeKUUR UMeeT ITPOyLUHHbI, K KOTOPHM nPNC0eAHHRH)TCfl 

UIeHbI, TO B03MOXHO pa3pyrUeHUe BbIIUKU. 

~ O ~ K ~ O H ~ J I PaMa O ~ H ~ H R MOHTaXHaR CTpUa, PaCCsHTaHHaR Ha 

44 

45

1 

Harpy3KIl 0,01-002 MH, c ponuKaMH AnR wxH?AeHUfl PeMOHTHHX 

pa60~ C KPOH~JIO~~~. )K~CTKOCT~ PI reOMeTPHseCKaH (POPM~ BHII.IKH 

0 6 e ~ n ~ 06bIq~~ 

q ~ ~ fi~ar0HaJIbHhIMU ~ ~ ) ~ ~ CTRXKaMH ~ 

U n0AKpOH- 

6noqHofi pa~ofi. YCTOI?~NBOCTU B pa6ose~ IIOJIOXeHUH BbIIUKa 

060py~y~~c~ ~~AKoC~MH H OTTRXKaMU. ~OAKOCM npH nOMOUa 

npOymHH CO~AHH~HH C KOJIOHHaMU BbILUKU N ~ ~ I L I M ~ K OCHOBaHHR. 

~ M u 

B ~~BHCHMOCTN OT AJIUHbI CBe4H Ha PaCCTORHUU 20-34 M OT 

nona 6yp0~0fi MOHTNPYIoT ~~JIKoH C Mara3NHOM AJIR YAepXaHUR 

BepXHNX KOHUOB ~Besefi. Hnn A3MeHeHHR eMKOCTU Mara3UHa Cay- 

XUT OrpaHUsUTeJIb. ~~JIKoH IIO BHYTPeHHeMy nePUMeTPY C H ~ ~ X 

nepunaMu, a no HapyxHoMy - yKpblTneM AJIR ~~WUTH pa6osero 

~ H 

OT HenoroAbI. 

BbrILIKa 06opynye~cs MapILIeBbIMH JIeCTHHUaMH OT nOJIa ~Y~OBOR 

a0 ~ ~ J I K OC H nepeXOAHbIMN ~ 

IIJIOUaAKaMH, KOTOPMe M0HTUPYH)TCII 

B OAHO~ I13 KOJIOHH BbIILIKN, a OT 6an~o~a A0 K ~ O H ~ - ~ OJIeCTHH- K ~ 

UaMH TYHHeJIbHOrO Tuna AJIR O~C~YXNB~HNR 

KPOH~JIOKLI. 

CTOHK M~HH@oJI~A~ BbICOKOrO AaBneHUR PaCnOJIOXeH 06~9~0 

BHYTpU KOJIOHHbI BMLUKU. O~CJI~XUB~HUH U CMeHH 6yp0~0r0 

PyKaBa BMCOKOrO AaBJIeHHR IIpeAyCMaTpUBaeTCR ~e6onbILIaR nn0- 

QaAKa, CMOHTHPOBaHHaR TaKXe BHYTpM KOJIOHHH. 

BHru~a B pa6ose~ nonoxessn B HanpasneHuu npo~onb~ofi ocw 

OCHOBaHHR BbIrUerIHOlO ~ J I O K UeHTPYeTCR ~ 

IIOABUXHbIMU 6alll~aKa- 

MH ~OAKOCOB, a B HanpasneHm nonepes~ofi ocu - BaHTaMu pery- 

JIHpyeMbIX OnOp KOJIOHH BHILIKU. 

npeUMyUeCTBaM MasTOBHX BbILUeK OTHOCRTCR: XOPOU~H~~ 06- 

30p BAOJIb rpa~efi, ~HCTPOT~ C~OPKU MagT U MOHTaXa, BO3MOX- 

HOCTb YAO~HO~O pa3MeweHNR 060pyAO~a~UH U MeXaHH3MOB AJIH 

cno. H ~~OCT~TKM 

HX ~o~c~pyxuufi - AOBOJIbHO BbICOKaR TpyAOeM- 

KOCTb IIpH U3rOTOBJIeHUH U CJIOXHOCTb PeMOHTa @ep~ Ha np0- 

MHcnax. 

Bame~~~e BHUKU BHnonenloTcR B Bune npaennb~ofi sempexrpa~~ofi 

yceseHH0fi nupaMuAH, coc~o~wefi 113 seTnpex Hor, nepe- 

AaIoUHX HalPY3KY OT K~OH~JIOK~ K OCHOBaHUIo. B BepxHefi saCTH 

HOrU COeAHHeHbI MeXAy co6ofi ~OHK~OH~JIO~HO~~ 

~JIoQ~AKo~~ pas- 

MepOM 2x2 M, a BHU3Y HOlU 0OUPaK)TCB Ha OCHOBaHUe Pa3MePOM 

8x8 Hnn 10x10 M B 3aBUCUMOCTU BblCOTH BbILUKU. Memny 

co6oii HOrH COeAUHeHhI lOPN30HTaJIbHHMU nORCaMU H AUarOHaJIb- 

CH~PYXU ~~JIKoH H HUXHRR 'IaCTb BhILUKU C H ~ ~ X ~ YKphITHRMH 

H ~ I 

AJIR 3aUNTbI pa6os~x oT HenoroAbI. Ha PaCCTORHNU 0,5 M HUXe 

IIOJIa ~ ~ J I K O paCnOnOXeHM H ~ 

Mara3HHhl AJIR YCTaHOBKH BePXHHX 

KOHUOB c~eseii npu CnO. C~apyxu BNIUKU HaxonRTcR Mapmesne 

necTHuuH c nepunaMu H nepexoAHuMH nnouaAKaMu OT nona 6ypo- 

HbIMU CTRXKaMU, O~P~~YIOUIIMK PeILIeTKy BHLUKU. ~ O R U C CTRX- ~ 

KU KpenRTCR K HOraM ~oJIT~Mu. 

nepBbIfi CHU3y n0RC BbIrUKH MOHTHPYeTCR Ha BbICOTe 8-12 M. 

B nepen~efi co CTOPOHH MOCTKOB rpaHu nupaMunM npenycMoTpe- 

HH BOpOTa, 06pa3ye~ne nOJIypaCKOCaMH AJIR 3aTaCKHBaHUR B 6y- 

POBYH) TPY~ U Apyroro O~O~~AOB~HNR. Ha BbICOTe 23, 25 unn 34 M, 

0npeAenRe~0fi ~JIuHofi CBeqU, YCTaHaBJIUBaIoT u e ~ h l p e ~ ~ ~ ~ p ~ ~ ~ u f i 

6anxo~ c nponeToM nocepenuae c snc~ynarouefi BHYTP~ @o~aps 

nnowan~oii nnn BTOPO~O ~ O M O ~ H U6ypu~rbwu~a K ~ 

(~JIOU~AK~ pa3- 

MepoM 0,7-0.8 M). Ban~os u nnouanxa orpamneHH nepunauu. 

46

Ha PUC. 11.3 noKa3aHa MaqTOBaR A-06pa3~a~ BbIrUKa, COCTOR- 

U3 ABYX qeTbIpeXrPaHHbIX KOJIOHH, KaXAaR k13 KOTQPMX npeA- 

CTaBJIReT co60fi CeKUkiki 1, 2, 4, 8 US YeTMpex CBapHbIX ~py6 AJ'IuHo~~ 

OKOJIO 10 M. KOH~~I CeKuNki C H ~ ~ X ~ YCTPO~~CTB~MH 

H ~ I 

AJIR COeAU- 

HeHIlR UX MeXAy co60fi. Ha KOHuaX ~epx~efi CeKUBM UMeIOTCIl 

nPOYrUUHbI AJIR COeAUHeHUR C ~OAK~OH~JIO~HO~~ pa~0fi 7. Ha PaMe 

YCTaHOBJIeHbI MOHTaXHbIe CTpeJIbI 6 AJIR PeMOHTa K~oH~JIoK~. KOH- 

UbI HUXHefi CeKUUN COeABHeHbI C peryJIUpyeMbIMU OnOpaMU OCHO- 

BaHUR BbIUIe9HOrO 6no~a. 

Ansr ~CTO~~YUBOCTU B BepTUKaJIbHOM IIOJIOXeHUU BbIUlKa c~a6- 

XeHa CTO~~K~MN U PaCTRXKaMU 3, 10 N 11. B b I w ~ a npeAHa3HaqeHa 

AnR pa60~bI co csesaMu ~JInHofi 25 u 27 M. Ha BbICOTe 22,5 UJIH 

24,5 M OT nona 6ypo~ofi Ha IIepefiHefi rpaau B~IU~KU aa~penne~ nepe~~UXH0fi 

6an~on 12 U 13 C npeAOxpaHUTeJIbHbIM IlORCOM 14 AJIR 

BTOpOrO nOMOUHUKa 6ypNJIbIUUKa. Huxe 6an~o~a HaXOAUTCR MOH- 

TaxHaR nnouanaa 6ypo~oro pyKaBa 15. 

'-Ie~bIpexrpa~~a~ Hora B~I~UKU uMeeT Ase ~ecyuue ~arpys~y 

TPY~~I AUaMeTpOM 140 MM C TOJIUNHOR CTeHKB 8 MM. Ase ApyrHe 

TPY~H AUaMeTPOM 89 MM C ToJIIUNHO~~ CTeHKB 6,5 MM He RBJIRH)TCR 

HeCYUWMB, a CJIyXaT AJIR XeCTKOCTU. ~ O R U C PaCKOChI ~ 

USTOTOB- 

JIRIOT I13 TPY~ AUaMeTpOM 60 MM C ToJI~BHo~~ CTeHKU 6 MM. 

B o~~ofi 113 Hor BcTpoeHbI Mapmeme 5, a B ~pyroii - nomapaue 9 

JIeCTHUuM. BblrUKa ~Ha6XeHa YCTPO~~CTBOM AJIR ee UeHTpUpOBaHUR, 

AOnyCKaIOUUM CMeIIIeHUe A0 600 MM B KaXAyIO CTOPOHY OT OCU 

POTOpa. 

B CeqeHHU KOJIOHHa IIpeACTaBJIReT co6ofi paBH06efipe~Hb1fi Tpe- 

YrOJIbHBK CO CTOPOHO~~ 1,8 M; CeKUUU COeAUHRIOTCR npU IIOMOQU 

@JIaHueB. ~OAKOC~I 16 AJIR yAepXaHHR BbIrUKM B BePTUKaJIbHOM 

IIOJIOXeHUU U3rOTOBJIeHbI U3 ~py6 AUaMeTpOM 426 MM; AJIR YCTO~qUBOCTH 

BbIUlKa ~Ha6XeHa AByMR RPYCaMU OTTRXeK. OT Ilona A0 

6an~o~a BbIrUKa 060pyAosa~a ~apUle~ofi JIec~HBueii, a oT 6aJIKoHa 

A0 K~OH~JIOK~ JI~cTHuI~~~~-cT~~MRHKo~~. 

Ha BbIUlKY A~~~CTBYIOT IIOCTORHHbIe Hal'PY3KU OT ee BeCa B BeCa 

CMOHTUPOBaHHOTO Ha Hefi O~OP~AOB~HUR, 3KCnJIYaTaUBOHHbIe Harpy3~k1, 

N ~ M ~ H R I O ~ U no ~ CBenuYuHe R 

B npouecce 6ype~u~, u nepe- 

MeHHbIe HarPy3KU OT BeTpa. B pe3yJIbTaTe B03HUKaIOT BePTBKaJIb- 

HbIe u ~ O ~ U ~ O H T ~ YCUJIUR. J I ~ H ~ Bep~u~anb~b~e 

I ~ 

CXUM~IOUU~ ycunm 

CO3AaIOTCR Harpy3~0fi Ha KPIOKe, BeCOM BbIUlKU U ee 060py~o- 

BaHBR, HaTRXeHUeM Be~yUefi H H~~OABUXHO~~ Be~Befi TaJIeBOTO Ka- 

HaTa. r0pN30H~aJIbHbIe HaTPY3KU, OnPOKNAbIBaIOWUe BbILUKY, RBJIR- 

IOTCR rOPN30HTaJIbHbIMU COCTaBJIRIOWNMkI OT ycBJ'IUfi B se~yueR H 

H~~OABUXHO~~ BeTBRX TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa, OT BeCa HaKJIOHHO YCTa- 

HOBJIeHHMX 3a naJIbUeM BbIrUKU ~Beqefi 6yp~JIbH0fi KOJIOHHbI U OT 

A~~~CTBUR BeTpa. ~PY~O~~OA%~MHOCT~ U nPO'iHOCTb BbIUlKU 3aBUCRT 

OT COqeTaHUR 3TUX HarPY30K. 

Ha BbIUlKy MOrYT A~~~CTBOB~T~ qeTbIpe COqeTaHUR HarPY30K 

(puc. 11.4) : 

1) BepTUKaJIbHbIe 2, 3, 4, 6 U rOPU30HTaJIbHbIe HarPY3KH 1, 5 

B npouecce CIIO u cnycKa O ~ C ~ A HKOJIOHHH; O ~ ~ npu TOM Aonyc- 

KaeTCR BeTpOBaR Harpy3Ka 7 Ha HBXHIOK) ~OKOBYIO nOBepXHOCTb 

qo=250 na (puc. 11.4, a) ; 

2) BeTposaR ~arpys~a 7 Ha nu3 B~IU~KU q0=700 IIa npu non- 

HOM naKeTe c~eqeii 3a nanbueM, KPIOK He Harpyxen, A~~~CTBYWT 

~arpy3~u 2, 5 u 6 (puc. II.4,6) ;

PUC. 11.4. CX~MH ~~RCTBHR 

Ha BblJIIKy HarpY30K: 

1 - rop~30~ranb~au cnna Ha HaronosHHKe; 2 - sec ~ane~oB cncreuu; 3 - ~arpy3~a Ha KPIOK; 

4 - eepTsKanbsau ~arpys~a OT HaTnxeHnn aenyuet s ~enonaux~oB CTPYH KaHaTa; 5 - rop~3o~~anb~an 

csna OT Beca cseset; 6 - sec nblrnrtn; 7 - cnna nasnennn serpa 

3) ~arpys~u Ha B~ILUKY 2 H 6 npu CnO u se~po~ofi 

qo = 150 na (puc. 11.4 s) ; 

~arpys~e 7 

4) MaKCIiMaJlbHbIe HarPy3KN Ha KPIOKe 2, 3 U 4 npki J'IPiKBFiAa- 

UUH IIpIiXBaTOB, a~ap~fi UnU ApyrIiX OnepaUHRX Ii B ~ T ~ O BHa- O ~ ~ 

rpy3Ke 7 Ha ~OKOBYIO nOBePXHOCTb HN3a BbILUKN qo=150 na 

(pwc. 11.4,~). 

me PK - AonycTuMaR ~arpys~a Ha KPIOK, H; GTc - sec ~ane~ofi 

CUCTeMbI (KPWK, TaJIeBofi ~JIOK, KaHaT U KPOH~JIOK), H; UTC - 9HCno 

CTPYH B OcHacTKe (K~~THOCT~ nonwcnac~a), qrc - K. n. A. Tane- 

B0fi CUCTeMbI. 

Ycwnue, ~eiic~symruee Ha 6onee HarpyxeHHym Hory u onop~b~fi 

~ ~ L L I M lTpU ~ K HellOABkiXHOM KOHUe KaHaTa, YKpenneHHOM y Horn 

BbILLIKN, 

P, = (P, + Gs) /a + PK/uTc, (11.3) 

rAe GB - 06wuB Bec B~IUIKU, H; a - ~UCJIO H O B~ILUKII, ~ AnR Mas- 

TOBbIX BbILUeK a =2, AJIR 6 a u e ~ ~ b4=4. l x 

(B ki 'f -yrJIbI COOTBeTCTBeHHO MeXAy BeAy~efi N. H~~OABHXHO~~ 

CTPYHaMR KaHaTa U B~PTUK~JI~HO~~ OCbIO BMUIKU). 

Ecna CTP~HH s a ~ p e n n e ~ npoTuBononoxHo b ~ 

npyr Apyry, TO 

6epe~cR 3HaK , eCnn C OAHO~~ CTOPOHbI BbIUIKki y JI~~~AKN, 

TO - . 

r0pki30~TaJlb~aR CHJIa OT A~~~CTBNR CNJIbI TRXeCTU ~Besefi, YCTa- 

HOBJIeHHbIX 38 IIaJIbqeM. 

P,c=kGc tg a/2, (11.6) 

rAe k - K O~@@N~N~HT, 

~ Y W T ~ I B ~ I OOTHOUIeHNe I ~ U ~ ~ PaCCTORHIlR OT 

nOACBeqHHKa A0 naJIbqa K AJlkiHe CBeW 1; Gc - BeC ~Besefi, YCTa- 

HOBJIeHHbIX 3a naJlbqeM, H; a - YrOJI HaKnOHa ~ B e ~ e fK i BePTUKa- 

JIH, O~~IYHO a=2+4'. 

r0pki30HTanb~aR BeTpOBaR HarpysKa, ~efi~~~y~owa~ 

Ha BbILUKY, 

3aBIlCPiT OT nPNPOAHO-KJIUMaTAZIeCKHX YCJOBU~~, B KOTOPbIX 3KCnAYa- 

TUPYeTCR 6yposa~ YCTaHOBKa. Ha 3Ty Harpy3KY BJIUReT ANHaMHsecKoe 

AasneHue BeTpa, ~ a s b ~ s a e ~ BeTposbrM o e unu CKOPOCTH~IM 

HanopoM 

me V - CKOPOCTb BeTpa, M/C; p= 1,225 K ~ / M - ~ IInOTHOCTb BO3AyXa. 

no AaHHbIM MHOrOneTHAX H~~JIOA~HN~~, npeAeJIb~bIfi B ~ T ~ O B O ~ ~ 

Hanop B pa3nuq~blx pafio~ax CCCP U~M~HR~TCR B npeaenax OT 

270 no 1000 na. Cornac~o HopMaM PTM 26-02-6-68 (Pyeo~o- 

~Rwufi TeX~lir~e~KHfi MaTepkiaJl Ha IIpOeKTIipOBaHNe ~YPOBHX BbI- 

ILI~K), AJIR PaCseTa ~YPOBHX BbIUleK 3Ha9eHNR BeTPOBOrO Hanopa 

npWHWMaIOTCR He3aBNCBMO OT MeCTa UX 3KCnnyaTaqHU: qo= 

COCTORHUR; q0=250 na - A ~ R pa6o- 

=700 na -nn~ ~epa6osero 

Yero COCTORHIIR; qo= 150 na - AJlR MOHTaXHO-TpaHCnOpTHOrO CO- 

CTORHHR. 

P ~ B H o A ~ ~ ~ c T B ~ OT K BeTpOBOrO I ~ ~ R AaBJleHAR Ha BbILUKY 

me 90 7 c~opoc~~ofi 

Pr.sr = qocipsim, (11.7) 

YYUTH- 

BaIOwliH BO3paCTaHHe Hanopa BeTpa B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT BbICOTbI; 

Hanop BeTpa, na; ci - K O~@@U~N~HT,

(Fi - 0614a~ nnouanb naaenu; cp= 0,15+0,2 - ~ os@@aq~ie~~ 3a- 

IIOnHeHNR naHeJIN, AJIR 06~~11~0fi WCTN BbIUIKN cp= I). 

B b ~ c o ~ HaA a IIOBepXHOCTbIo 3eMJIH, M . .

OCHOB~HU~ aMruer< naa Gypenna Ha cyme 

OCHOB~HH~M Ha3bIBaeTCR MeTaJIJIHgeCKa5l KOHCTPYKuHR, ~0611paeMaR 

~3 OTAenbHNx CBapHMx ce~qnfi (@ep~) u ycTaHasnnsae- 

Max Ha nosepxHocTn se~nu; Han ~efi pacnonaraeTca 6ypoea~ BNU- 

Ka. @epMb1 OCHOBaHHR CBaPHBaIOTCR H3 npo@liJIb~oro IIpOKaTa HJIU 

H3 TPY~. Pa3~epb1 ~aXn0fi CeKuHH OnpeAeJlRiOTCH TpaHCnOpTHbIMU 

BO3MOXHOCTRMU. Ha OCHOBaHHH YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT POTOP H ApyrOe 

obopyno~a~ne, a B IIpOCTpaHCTBe MeXAy YCTbeM CKBaXHHbI H PO- 

TOPOM MOHTWP~IOT O~OPY~OB~HII~ Anx rep~e~u3asun YCT~R. 

Ha OCHOBaHHe ~ ~ ~ ~ C T BHarPY3KU Y I ~ T OT BeCa BbILUKN H J'cHJIlifi, 

BO3HkiKaIOUHX B npOUeCCe nPOBOAKH CKBaXHHbI, BeC HaXOARUerOCR 

Ha nony 6ypo~oro 060pyfl0~aHHH H csesefi B ~arasu~ax nnu sec 

KOJIOHHbI, ~CT~HOBJI~HHO~~ Ha POTOpe. 

KOHCT~~KUWU OCHOB~HH~~ BbILUeK BeCbMa pa3~006pa3~b1. OCHOB- 

HbIMki TP~~OB~HHRMII, npeA'bHBJIReMbIMH K HAM, RBJIRIOTCR: 

06ecnesesae ~e06~0nkiMbl~ pa3~epo~ nona 6ypo~ofi u npo- 

CTpaHCTBa AJIH MOHTaXa 060pynosa~~~ AJIR repMeTH3aUUPi YCTbR 

CKBaXHHbI; 

IIPOYHOCTb H XeCTKOCTb BOCnpHRTUR BCeX A~~~CTB~IOWHX 

HarPY30K; 

~HCTPOT~ H YAO~CTBO MOHTaXa, AeMOHTaXa U TpaHCnOpTH- 

POBKW; 

COXpaHHOCTb IIpH MHOrOKPaTHbIX TPaHCnOPTHPOBKaX C OAHO~~ 

TOqKH 6ypeHu~ Ha nPYrYH) U MOHTaXaX. 

OCHOB~HH~ BbIIIIesHO-POTOpHOrO 6no~a 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKH PaCcswTbIsaeTca 

Ha ~efic~sne pasnnsaoro coseTaHux ~arpy30~ Ha KPIO- 

Ke, seca naKeTa csesefi H O~OPYAOB~HUR, pa3~eue~~oro Ha nony 

6yp0~0fi. B~ICOT~ nOna 6yp0~0fi 3aBHCHT OT Knacca YCTaHOBKH. 

OCHOB~HH~ IIpenCTaBJlReT co6oii CBapHyIO C~OPHYIO KOHCTPYKuwm, 

B nepen~efi sacTn ~o~opoii pacnonoxem HaKnoHHbIe MOCTKW 

H Tpan AJIH 3aTaCKEiBaHHH Tpy6 B 6ypoByIO. ~ ~ A H RYaCTb R c~a6xe- 

Ha IIpOAOJIbHbIMH ~ ~ J I K ~ MCBR3aHHbIMH H , 

T p a ~ e p ~ H ~ f06pasyro~u- i 

MN OCHOBaHNe AJIR YCTaHOBKW 6yp0~0fi ne6en~n Ha PaCCTORHHH 

OKOJIO 2,1 M OT 3eMJIH, 9TO nPH MOHTaXe nO3BOJlReT CrpyXaTb H 

YCTaHaBJIHBaTb ne6enq 6e3 ee IIOA'beMa. OCHOB~HHR ~YPOBHX 

J'CTaHOBOK YHHB~~c~JI~HO~~ MOHT~X~C~OCO~HOCTH C H ~ ~ X ~ I ~ Tno- C R 

ITepesHofi 6an~oii AJ~HHO~~ 12 M C KPOHIIIT~~~H~MH Ha KOHuaX AnX 

coennHeHwR npu nepe~o3~ax Ha ~~~eno~osax. Ta~aa AJIHHHaR 

6an~a no3~onxe~ nonBonwTb TenexKa TRX~JIOBO~OB npu nepe~os- 

KaX IIO UH~OKO~~ KOJIee, npHnOAHHMaTb ti YB03UTb 630~. ~ P 3TOM U 

3HaqNTeJlbHO 6bIcTpee MOXHO AeMOHTHPOBaTb ~JIOK B BHMHHR ne- 

PHon, TaK KaK He Tpe6yeTcR OCBO~OXA~T~ OT JIbAa BCe OnOpbl: 

nepen nepe~o3~ofi. 

OCHOBH~I~ napaMeTpbl OCHOBaHHR - ~ a~60JIblUaR HarpysKa, OT- 

MeTKa nona 6yp0~0fi, nJI0UaAb lJ0ACBeYHHKOB. Han6onbrua~ Ha- 

rpy3Ka OnpeAeJIReTCR MaKCHManbHO AO~~CTHMO~~ Harpy3~0fi Ha PO- 

TOP U Harpy3~0fi Ha nOACBe9HNK, KOTOpbIe C03AaIOTCR BeCOM 6~- 

plrJIbH0fi KOnOHHN npu ~au6onbruefi rny6use 6ype~u~. OTM~TK~ 

nona 6ypo~oR onpeAenReTcR ABYMR Qa~~opa~u: sb~co~ofi npocTpaHcTsa 

nnx pa3~e~qe~n~ 06opy~o~a~n~ AnH r e p ~ e ~ u z s a u YCT~R ~ u 

CKBaXHHM H BUCOTO~~, H~O~XOAHMO~~ AJIR CTOKa 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa, 

BbIXOARIIIerO U3 CKBaXUHbI K CkiCTeMe er0 09HCTKU. 

BbIco~a nona 6yp0~0fi AJIR YCTaHOBKH O~OPYAOB~HHR C UenbIO 

rep~e~u3auuw YCT~R CKBaxnHbI OnpeAenReTcR KaK cyma BMCOT 

OTAenbHbIX ~CTPO~~CTB, BXOARUIUX B KOMnJIeKT C~OPKH, C YYeTOM 

BHCOTbI YCTaHOBJIeHHOrO Ha nOnpOTOpHbIe 6an~u POTOpa (~Hc. 11.5) : 

rAe hl=0,5 M - BbICOTa KOJIOHHOrO @J'IaHIla YCTbR CKBaXNHbI OT 

nOBepXHOCTki 3eMJIH; h2 - BbICOTa CTBOJIOBO~~ gaCTH O~OPY~~OB~HUB 

AnR rep~e~u3auuu YCT~R; h, - paccToRHue OT nona 6ypo~ofi no 

HHXHefi YaCTW pOTOpa; S=0,5+0,7 M - 3a30p MeXny TOPUOM BePX- 

Hero npesewopa u POTOPOM. 

nJI0uaAb nOACBesHHKOB - BMeCTUMOCTb Mara3HHOB 

TP~HCMNCCH~~ ki HaCOCOB HMelOT pas- 

MepH, H~O~XOAHMH~ EAR YCTaHOBKK 

060py~o~a~nn. OHH pa36npam~cn Ha 

oTAenbHare ceeuwu, AonycKaIowwe ne- 

peB03KY no XeJIe3HbIM AJIH IBTOMO- 

Puc. 11.5. Cxe~a onpenenenan BHCOTH nona 

6ypoeo8: 

l - anaueq ~onoa~ofl ronosm; 2 - Kpecroeaaa: 9, 

4 s 5 - npeseeropbl coorsercrsesao narneqeble, yaE- 

eepcanbeblil e spauramq~8ca; 6 - poTop

Ta6nnqa 11.2 

napame~pu ocnoeannii ycranoeoK nnn SKcnnyaTaqnonnoro rnydo~oro fjypenuff 

napa~ezpu 

Aonyc~ae~arr ~arpys~a 

Ha: 

nonpoTopHMe 6an~u 

IIOACBeYHUKU 

OTM~TK~ nona ~ ~ ~ o B o H M, , He 

MeHee 

lIone3~an nnoqanb noncsesHn- 

KOB, ht2 

B MH 

1 2 4 5 

Knacc 6ypoeoR ycranoaxn 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

~wJI~H~IM AOpOraM. C O ~ A N H ~ H H CeKUNN ~ I ~ 3TNX OCHOB~HN~~ 

IOT e ~lfHMfi ~JIOK. 

B~ICOT~ OCHOB~HH~~ CllnOBOrO ~ J I O K COCTaBJlReT ~ 2-2,3 M AJlR 

y~o6c~~a MOHTaXa Ha HeM O~O~~AOB~HNR, a HaCOCHOrO 6no~a - 

0,95 M. I(~xA~H CeKUNH OCHOBaHNH IIpeACTaBJIHeT co60lui XeCTKYH) 

np0CTpaHCTBeHHyIO CBapHyIO @epMy N3 ~~o@HJI~Ho~o npOKaTa, 

HNXHHH YaCTb KOTOPOW BbInOJIHeHa B BNAe CaJla30K AJIR IIepeABN- 

XeHHH BOJIOKOM no npOMbICJIy, a BePXHRR o6pa3ye~ nJIOUaAKy, Ha 

~o~opoii YcTaHoBneHo Bce 060py~osa~ne. non sac~~nae~c~ pw@ne- 

H~IM xene30~. 06opy~o~a~ne n npoxonbr 3auume~b1 nepnnam u 

KapKaCaMN. OCHOB~HAR COeANHHIOTCH C IIOABbILUegHbIM ~ ~ O K OB M 

MeXAy co6ofi XOMYTaMH H CTHXKaMU. 

5 5. HATPY3KU, AEBCTBYHWUE HA OCHOBAHUE BblUKU 

0 

N - 

- - 

o6pa3y- 

B npO4eCCe 6ype~NR CKBaXUH XapaKTep HarPYXeHNR OCHOBB- 

HNR BbIUIKU MeHReTCR B 3aBNCNMOCTN OT BbInOnHReMhIX onepaukifi. 

O~~CHHMH AJIR IIpOrHOCTN OCHOBaHNH MOrYT 6b1~b TPN CJYYaR 

HarpyxeHuR. 

1. n0JI~bIfi KOMnJIeKT ~Beqefi 6ypnnb~oii KOJIOHHbI BeCOM Gc Ha- 

XOANTCH Ha nOACBeYHNKaX, KPIOK HarpyXeH M~KcNM~JI~Ho~~ Harpy3- 

~0fi PK. Hanpu~ep, npUXBaT B KOHue nOA'beMa 6ypNnb~ofi KOJIOH- 

HbI, HaTRXeHHe npH CnyCKe o6ca~~oii KOJIOHHbI, BeTpOBaR Harpy3- 

Ka q0 Ha BMUIK~ no 250 na (pnc. 11.6, a). 

Ha OCHOBaHNe OAHOBpeMeHHO A~~~CTBYI~T BCe BbIUIKU GB, Harpy3Ka 

Ha KpIOKe PK, BeC 060pyno~a~~c1, HaCTHJIOB, YK~~ITN~~, OrpaxAeHlifi 

N ApyrNX 3JIeMeHTOB, CMOHTNpOBaHHHX Ha nOJIy 6yp0~0i5 

GO69 N BeC KOMnJIeKTa ~Berefi Gc. 

6 

7 8 9 1 0 1 1 

--------/ 

m 8 g g g g g o 8 8 

~ o o " , g " ~ 

h h R E h 5 : b 

L a f f i L a L a r n r n L a L c , r n L ! a 

1 

Ecnu ~ e n o ~ s n x ~ KoHeu b ~ f i KaHaTa npnKpenneH K TOMY xe 3ne- 

MeHTy OCHOBaHUR, 9TO li UIaPHNP HOrN BbIUIKN, TO OH HarPYXaeT 

TOJIbKO UIaPHNPbI N HOrY BbIUIKN, He YBeJINYNBaR OC~BO~ HarPY3KII 

Ha OCHOBaHNe. Be~yua~ CTpyHa KaHaTa XlpN HaTRXeHWH KaK 6b1 

YMeHbUIaeT nefic~~kie CNJIbI TRXeCTH ne6eA~n Ha OCHOBaHNe, HO 

ysennsusaeT ~arpy3~y Ha Hory B~IUIKU. Ecnn ne6en~a ycTaHaBna- 

BaeTCR Ha OCHOBaHNe CHJIOBOrO ~JIOK~, TO BepTHKaJlbHaR COCTaBnRmmacI 

TrrroBoro ycnnm ae~yuefi CTPYH~I co3~ae~ AononHuTenb- 

HYIO HarPY3KY Ha HOrY BbIUIKN, a rOpN30HTaJIbHaR COCTaBJIRIo- 

WaR - 0np0~N~hlBaIouUfi MOMeHT, YTO HaAO YsllTbIBaTb npU 

onpeneneHnn yc~ofi~u~oc~u BMUIKN. 

2. n0JI~bIfi KOMnJIeKT ~ B e ~ e f6ypNJIb~0fi i 

KOnOHHbI YCTaHOBneH 

KOJIOHHa 

MaKCNMaJIbHOrO BeCa GK, Ha BbIUIKY A~~~CTBY~T BeTpOBaR Harpy3- 

Ka qo, a KPmK He HarpyxeH (PHC. II.6,6). Ha OCHOBaHNe A~~~CTBYeT 

TaKxe Bet B ~ I ~ KGN B N O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ H H H 

Ha nOnCBeYHNKe Gc, a Ha POTOP YCTaHOBJIeHa o6ca~~a~ 

3. OCHOB~HH~ 

GO^: 

TpaHCnOpTHpyeTCR C KOMnJIeKTOM CMOHTNpOBaH- 

HOrO Ha HeM O~OPYAOB~HEIR, C B~IUIKO~~ HJIN 6e3 Hee B 3aBUCUMO- 

CTN OT KOHCTPYK4Hki. T~~HC~O~TN~OBK~ 

OCyI4eCTBJIReTCR B ~au6onee 

H ~ ~ J I ~ ~ o ~ ~ N AOpOXHbIX R T H ~ I x YCJIOBHRX, HaKnOHbI npOAOnbHbIe 

H ~OKOBM~, BbI3blBa1omNe cMeUeHwe UeHTpa THXeCTN, yxa6b1 H T.A. 

(MHO~OK~~TH~H 

IIOrpy3Ka, pa3rpy3Ka U TpaHCIIOpTNpOBKa OCHOBa- 

~ N f t He AOJIXHa HapyluaTb NX npOqHOCTb, XeCTKOCTb N @o~MY).

B npOseCCe CTpOUTeJIbCTBa CKBaXNHbI B 3aBUCWMOCTU OT ee My- 

~UHH U KOHCTPYKUUU Ha OCHOBaHUe A~~~CTBYH)T pa3nUqHbIe no Be- 

JIUsUHe HarPY3KU. OHM IIePeAaIOTCR O~OPHO~~ lIOBePXHOCTbX) OCHO- 

BaHUR Ha I'PYHT HJIU ~POM~XYTOZIH~I~~ 

(PYHA~MBHT. nJIoIl(a~b OCHO- 

BaHUR MOXeT 6bI~b 

U3 @0pMynbl 

~afi~e~a 

rfle G@= Go+Goc - ~ aU60nbUIaR Harpy3Ka Ha @~HA~M~HT, 

Go -~arpy3~a Ha OCHOBaHUe, ~b16kipaeTc~ HaU60nbUI~ifi Gol W 

Go2; GoC - sec ocHoBaHuR, H; or - AonycKaeMoe HanpRxeHue cxa- 

THR rpyHTa UnU IIpOMeXyTO9HOrO (PYHA~M~HT~, Mna. 

AO~~CTMM~~~ 

HanpRXeHUR CXaTUR Or B Ml7a AJIH HeKOTOPMX 

MaTepUaJIOB IlpMBeAeHbI HUM€!. 

B Tex cnysaHx, KorAa Aeiic~~yrou~e HanpRxeHuR Ha rpym npe- 

BbIUIaIOT AOnYCTUMbIe, BbIKJIaAbIBaeTCR ~ ~ 0 ~ e X y ~ 0 9 ~ (PyHfla- b I f i 

MeHT pa3~1119~0fi KOHCTPYKUHN U ~y6UHb1, ~0~0pbIfi AOJIXeH o6ecnesUTb 

YAO~HO~ pa3~eqe~~e ki ~CTO~~~HBOCT~ 6ypo~oro 

HUH ki UCKJIIO9NTb er0 CUJIbHbIe ~u6pas~u B nepUOA CTpOHTeJlbCTBa 

CKBaXUHhI 

TaUUN. 

U npOMbICJIOBOr0 O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ HB MIIepHOA H 3KCnJIya- 

Cpo~ cnyx6b1 @ ~ H A ~ M ~ AOJIXeH H T ~ 6b1Tb He MeHee CPOKa 

3KCnJIyaTauMU CKBaXUHbI. HYJI€!B~R OTMeTKa @ ~ H A ~ M ~ AOJIXHa H T ~ 

6bI~b BbIUIe YPOBHR nOBePXHOCTU rPYHTa nPH K O H ~ ~ HOCaAKe O ~ ~ lIPN 

A~~CTBUH M~KCHM~JI~HO~~ HarPy3KU. nJI0Ua~b @ ~ H A ~ M ~ AOJlXHa H T ~ 

06e~ne~~a~b BOSMOXHOCTb nepeMeUeHUR H pa6oTbI Ha HeM MOH- 

TaXHbIX N TPaHCnOPTHhIX CpeACTB. 

B~IUIKU 

H; 

060py~o~a- 

YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT Ha BbICOKUe OCHOBaHUR U IIPO'IHO KpenRT 

K HUM, OCO~~HHO BbIUIKU MaZITOBOrO TUIIa. ~ P A~~~cTBUU 

U 

BeT- 

POBbIX HarPY30K BbIUIKa MOXeT 6bI~b OnPOKUHYTa TOnbKO BMeCTe 

C OCHOBaHUeM. Ecnu BbIUIKa ~ ~ U I ~ H HTuna O ~ O YCTaHaBJIUBaeTCH Ha 

HU3KOe OCHOBaHHe 6e3 IlPO~HOrO KpenJIeHMR ee HOr, TO OHa AOJIXHa 

6H~b IlpOBepeHa Ha ~CTO~~~HBOCT~, npU 3TOM BJlUHHUe OTTRXeK He 

YsUTbIBaeTCR. OTTRXKU YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT AJIR 06ecneseau~ ~CTO~~YH- 

BOCTU BO BPeMR 6ypb U CUnbHbIX BeTPOB. 

MOM~HT, 0npo~U~bI~aIO~lifi BbIrUKy Ha OCHOBaHUe ( T O ~ K B ~ Ha 

puc. 11.7) : 

MoB=Prh+Pr.B, (h~-H) +Pr.chn, (11.14) 

rAe P, - rOpU3OHTaJfbHaR CO- 

CTaBnRIoUaR OT YCHnUR HaTR- 

XeHWR Be~ywefi U B~AOMO~~ 

CTPYH TaneBoro KaHaTa, H; 

Pr.BT. - P ~BHOA~~~CTBYIOLU~R OT 

BeTpOBOrO AaBJIeHUR Ha BbIUIKY, 

H; PrVc 

- rOpU30HTaJfbHaR COC- 

TaBnRmuaR OT Beca naKeTa csereg, 

H; h - BbICOTa BbIUIKU, M; 

h, - H - paccTomue OT onop- 

HO~? nOBePXHOCTU BbIUIKU A0 T09- 

KU npnnoxeHuR se~po~ofi HarPY3KU, 

M; hn - PaCCTORHUe OT 

0n0p~0fi lIOBepXHOCTU BbIUIKU A0 

BepxHero ~araau~a naKeTa csereit, 

M. 

MOM~HT ~CTO~~~IUBOCTK BbIUI- 

KU Ha OCHOBaHUU 

MyB=GBI, (11.15) o 

rAe GB- cnna TRXeCTU HeHa- PUC. 11.7. Cxe~a pacseTa yc~oRl"pyxe~~ofi 

B~IUIKU, H; 1 - pac- sweoc~w 6ypoeoro coopyxteawe: 

I 

CTORHUe OT OCU 0-0 - naxeT csese8; 2 - MasTa; 3 - nonxoc 

CKBaXki- BUUIKH: 4 - Benvuan Bemb KatraTa: 5 -

3 ~ e PI, ~ b Pz, ..., Pn - BHeIllHHe CNJIbI; XI, XZ, ..., Xn - COOTBeTCT. 

BeHHO BX nJIeYN. 

A~anorn4~0 BbIYMCJIReTCR BOCCT~H~BJINB~IOL~H~~ MOMeHT. 

npn pacseTe ~CTO~~YNBOCTN BbImKn npnHnMamT OAHY OTTRXKY, 

TaK KaK ~ O ~ I I T ~ OAnHaKOBOrO C R 

HaTRXeHUR OTTRXeK TPYAHO, a H3- 

JIMIUHee IIpeABapATeJIbHOe HaTflXeHMe MOXeT BbI3BaTb AOllOJIHH- 

TeJIbHbIe rOPH30HTaJIbHbIe CIlJIbI. ~ O ~ T O MB Y pa60se~ IIOJIOXeHHH 

6e3 BeTpa OTTRXKN AOJIXHbI NMeTb cna6n~y Fi OAHHaKOByIo CTpeJIy 

nposeca. 

H~TRX~HH~ OTTRXKN COOPYXeHNR BbIIIIKa - OCHOBaHIle 

N =Moc/C=Mocl (a+ b) sin 7, (11.21). 

me a -paCCTORHNe OT OCN CKBaXIIHbI A0 TOYKU KpeIIJIeHNR OT- 

TRXKN; 7 - YrOn MeXAy OTTRXKO~~ M nOBePXHOCTbIO 3eMJIH. 

B 3aBNCHMOCTN OT A~~~cTBYIOLL~~~ CNJIbI B OTTRXKe B~I~NP~IOT 

ee ANaMeTp C YYeTOM KO~@@NUM~HT~ 3anaCa IIpOYHOCTH KaHaTa, 

06~9~0 PaBHOrO 2-3, eCnN OTTRXKN YCTaHaBJINBaIOT IIapanJJenbHO 

NJIN B ABa RPYCa, TO 3TOT KO~@@II~H~HT CHNXaIOT A0 1,5-2. Ecnn 

OTTRXKN YKPenJIeHbI nOA YrJIOM K ~ 0 p ~ a J I b ~ nJ'IOCKOCTN, o f i 

TO PaC- 

YeT YTOYHReTCR C YYeTOM 3TOr0 yma. 

n p u M e p 11.5. Onpe~en~~b aanac yc~ofisu~oc~n B~IIIIKU Ann ~cJIoBH~~ npnhiepa 

11.4, ecnu sec B~IIUKU c OCH~CTKO~~ GB=350 KH, a PaccToRHne OT ee OCH 

A0 TOYKA OnPOKUAbIBaHUff f=10,76 M. 

MOM~HT OIIpOKHAhIBaHHff BbIIUKN 

me f1=5; f2=17; 13~26; f4=36 -paCCTORHHfl OT OCHOBaHHR BbIIUKH A0 TOWK 

npsnoxeHnS pa~~o~efic~sy~oqnx cnn seTpoeoro AasneHna Ha natiena Burn- 

KN, M. 

Tor~a 

MOB = 168.5 + 33.17 + 40.26 + 20.36 = 3161 KH. 

§ 7.3JlEMEHTbI METAJIJIHYECKHX KOHCTPYKqHB 

~ O ~ P O T O P6an~u H ~ ~ - ~ OTBeTCTBeHHbIe 3J'IeMeHTbI OCHOBaHHX- 

OHH BbrnonHRmTcR n3 npo@nnb~oro nnn nncToBoro npoKaTa u 

CH~~X~IOTCH pe6pa~~ XeCTKOCTN AnR IIOBbIKleHPiR ~CTOWYMBOCTN. 

OCHOB~HHR npEIKpennRIOT K @ep~a~ 60n~Zi~n nn60 naJIbUaMli. 

Onop~~e YacTn @ep~~, K KOTOP~IM Kpenm 6an~ki, paccsnTmamT 

Ha YCTaHOBKY POTOPOB Pa3JINYHbIX pa3MepOB. Bepx~ne nOJIKN n0A- 

POTOPHbIX 6an0~ C H ~ ~ X ~ ~ O TOrPaHNYIlTeJIbHbIMN C R 

3JIeMeHTaMN, 

npenRTcTByIounMn nepeMeueenm poTopa. 

~odcseltrtuicu BbInOJIHRIoTCR B BBAe n n a ~ @ ~ p ~ COCTOHU~~~ 

b I , 

N3 

PRAa ABYTaBPOBbIX 6an0~, COeAHHeHHbIX IIPOMeXyTOYHbIMM CBR- 

3RMN. Ha BepXHIOIO nOBepXHOCTb 6ano~ YKJIaAblBaIOT c~JIoUIHO~~ fie- 

P ~ B R H H ~ HaCTIlJl I ~ ~ ToJ'I~NHo~~ He MeHee 70 MM. ~Mexny ~~J'IK~MH- 

MOHTNPYIOT TP~~O~POBOA~I, no KOTOP~IM no;qaeTcrr nap AnR o6orpe- 

Ba HWXHIIX KOHUOB 6ypkinb~bl~ CB~Y~C. ~OACB~~~HHKH KpenRT K He- 

CYUNM nORCaM @~PM OCHOBIHIIR, BblCOTa IIX O~~IYHO He npeBbIulaeT 

0,5 M OT nona 6yp0~0fi. A ~ pa60~bl H C ACn nOACBe4HHK (~ara- 

~ H H ) O~OPYAY~TCR M~T~JIJIOKOHCTPYK~H~~~, pa3flene~~ofi Ha CeKUHH 

IIeperOpOAKaMIl Pi3 ~py6. npN YCTaHOBKe c~evefi B CeKUHH 3aBOART 

IIX HNXHHe KOH4bI. 

npueMHble MOCTKU U CTeAAUWU dm ~pg6 COCTORT I13 HaKJIOH- 

~0fi Pi ~OPU~OHT~JI~HO~~ 4eJIbHOCBaPHblX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX @ep~. 

Bepx~ne Pi HNXHIle IlORCa @~PM BbInOJlHRIOT N3 napHbIX 6ano~ 

TaBpOBOrO CeYeHHR, 06pa3ymunx ~ ~ M K H Y T KOHTYP. ~ I ~ P ~ I I I ~ TBbI- K ~ 

nonHsreTcR ~3 CopToBoro nnn npo@nnbnoro npoKaTa. ropn3o~~anb- 

HaR @ep~a C H ~ ~ X ~ ~ IIOJ'IO3bRMH, T C H YTO llO3BOJIReT TpaHCllOPTNPO- 

BaTb ee C nOMO4bIO TpaKTOpa. O e p ~ h I MeXAy co6ofi COeAIlHRIOTCR 

Ha IIIapHPipaX. 06e @ep~b1 O~III~B~IOTCR CIIJIOUIHbIM AepeBRHHbIM 

nnn MeTannnYecKuM HacTnnoM, 06ecne~n~a10un~ nepeMeueHne 

no HeMy 6ypo~oro 06opy~osa~n~, HHCTPYMeHTa, ~ Y P N ~ ~ H 11. ~ 06- I X 

CaAHbIx ~py6 n Apyrnx TPY3OB. 

ra6apn~b1 npneMHbIx MOCTKOB, orpaxnamunx n nepexoAHMx 

YCTPO~CTB AOJIXHbI COOTBeTCTBOBaTb npaBHJlaM rocrop~ex~a~30pa, 

Bb~co~a npPieMHblX MOCTOB OnpeAeJIReTCR BHCOTO~~ TPaHCnOPTHbIX 

CpeACTB, 06cnyxnsa10unx 6ypo~yIO YCTaHOBKY, N COCTaBJIReT 1,2- 

2 M. AJIHH~ ~ o ~ I ~ ~ o H T ~ YaCTFi J I ~ HHX o O~~IYHO 

~ ~ 15 M, IIINPIiHa 2- 

2,5 M, yron HaKnoHa K roprr30~~ann 35-70". B KoHse npneMHNx 

MOCTKOB MoHTnpyeTcR Tpan. C~ennaxa AnR ~py6 peme~~a~oii nnrf 

6anos~ofi KOHCTPyK4NN nPIIMbIKaIOT K nPEieMHbIM MOCTKaM, N AX 

YHCJIO AOJIXHO COOTBeTCTBOBaTb IIOJIHOMy KOMnJ'IeKTy ~YPNJ~~H~IX 

~py6 AnR 06ecnese~nrr ~ Y ~ ~ HCKBaXNHhI N R ~ P O ~ K T Hrny6n~b1. O ~ ~ 

fle~~~~lfbl U 02p~WdeH~R H~O~XOANMM AJIR nOA'beMa Ha OCHOBa- 

HNR. MX YHCJIO OnpeAeJIReTCR KOHCTPYKUH~~ 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKN. 

Pa3~ephI JIeCTHHU, nepkiJI, CTyneHeK BbInOJIHRIOTCR B COOTBeTCTBIlH 

c npasnnaMn rocrop~ex~an30pa. nepnna necTHns ~~~OTOBJIRIOTC~ 

n3 rHyToro npo@nn~ nnH npo@wnbsoro npoKaTa TaspoBoro cese-

nepHna a EIoR~~ - u3 ~py6. Kpenne~ne 

necTHnu K Qep~au 

tj 8. MOHTAX H TPAHCflOPTUPOBKA BYPOBblX COOPYXEHUR 

ocHoBaHUR - u ~ P ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' 

y/cpar~u~ npe~~a3~ase~~ 

AnR yTenneHnR no~eue~ufi u 3auu~b1 

06~nyx~~a~nrero nepcoHana u o60pyno~a~~~ OT MeTeoponoruse- 

CKUX BO~A~~~CTBH~~. 

P ~ ~ J I u ~ ~ C I O~ T O P H O - K ~ P K u ~ 6ecKapKacHbIe 

C ~ ~ ~ 

Bypos~e YCTaHOBKU B npeAeJIaX npOMbICJIa TPaHCnOpTUPylOTCR 

YKPHTUR. B cocTaB nepmx, ~OMHMO ~e~ain~sec~oro ~ap~i-ica, sxo- 

O ~ ~ I ~ C HO O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ HYCTaHOBJIeHHbIM U ~ M , 

Ha OCHOBaHURX. Ha He- 

ANT O~UIUBK~, npHKpennsreMaR K @ e p ~ KapKaca. a ~ Bec~ap~ac~oe 60JIbILIUe PaCCTORHHR, eCJIU nO3BOJIRIOT AOpOXHble YCJIOBUR, YCTa- 

YKPbITMe COCTOHT M3 COeAMHeHHbIX MeXAy c06oii XeCTKUX YTenJIeH- 

HOBKH nepeB03RT KPYnHblMU ~JIOKBMH, UHOrAa AaXe C ~OAHRTO~~ 

HbIX UBTOB pa3JInq~0fi KOH@II~Y~~~~NN, B0CIlPUH)IMaIOUMX CHJIOBbIe 

~aq~ofi, npB nOMOUXU TPaKTOPOB HJIU Ha TRXeJIOB03aX. 

BOSA~~~CTBUH. 

B O ~ ~ I ~ HAOPOXHblX H X YCJIOBURX COOPYXeHEIR, OCHOBaHHR I1 060- 

B KaqeCTBe O~UIUBKH UCnOnb3yIOT AepeBRHHbIe H MeTaJIJIU4eCKUe 

pynosaHue nepe~om~ oTnenbHo Ha ~~meno~osax Han Ha ryce~us- 

UJ.UTb1, a TaKXe MRrKUe TKaHeBbIe MaTepUaJIbI C ~~oIIuTKo~~ li 6pe- 

HbIX TeJIeXKaX OTAeJIbHbIMU ~JIOK~MH, 

3eHTbI. BecbMa 3KOHOMUqHO llPUMeHRTb JIUCThI U3 JIWKUX CnJIaBOB 

pamT Ha nnoUanKe, 3apa~ee nonro~o~ne~~ofi y yc~bs 6y~yueit 

W nJIaCTMaCCOBbIX MaTePHaJIOB, TaK KaK 3HaqUTeJlbHO CHMXaeTCR 

CKBaXHHbI. Ecnu OCHOBaHUR nepeBO3RT 6e3 o~o~~AoB~HMR, TO CHa- 

MaCCa, YMeHbIIlaIoTCR PaCXOAbI Ha MOHTaX, TpaHCnOPTHPOBaHNe U 

UJIa YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT ~blUIes~b1fi 6n0~ TaK, 9~06~ BepTUKaJIbHaR 

OKpaCKy y~p~~nfi. B ~YPOBMX YCTaHOBKaX AJIH pa60Tb1 B CypOBbIX 

OCb OTBePCTUR POTOpa COBnaJIa C OCbH) CKBaXNHbl. 3 a ~ e M MOHTU- 

KnuMaTusecKnx ycnosunx 3anon~pb~ 6ypo~b1e yTenneHHbIe YKP~I- 

PYlOT OCHOBaHUR J I ~ ~ ~ A U K H CHJIOBOrO ~JIOK~, n0CJIe YerO Ha HUX 

THR 06orpe~ae~b1x no~er.qe~uii uenecoo6pa3~0 BbInonHmb ~3 ABO~~- yCTaHaBJIUBaIoT BCe H~O~XOAHMO~ O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ll ~ BbIIIIKy. H U ~ MOH- 

HbIX MeTaJIJIUgeCKUX JIHCTOB C nPOCTPaHCTBOM B 40-50 MM MeXAY 

TaX OTyUeCTBJIReTCR C IlOMOUbIO CTpeJI U JI~~~AOK, KOTOPbIe HBXO- 

HUMH, 3allOJIHeHHbIM Te~JIOU30JIUPyH)UHM MaTepUaJIOM. 

ARTCR Ha aBTOTRraqaX UJIH TPaKTOPaX. 

C~ed~fi~~eAbHble 3AeMeHTbL npeAHa3HaqeHbl AJIR c60p~n MeTaJI- 

JIOKOHCT~~K~U~~ OCHOB~HH~~. TPYAO~MKOCT~ C~OPKN H pa360p~u 38- 

BUCHT OT Tnna n qncaa pa33e~~b1x coe~u~e~ufi. Hau6onee uenecoo6pa3~o 

nPMMeHRTb ~ H C T ~ O ~ ~ ~ TCOeAUHeHUR. J ~ M H ~ I ~ O e p ~ b I OC- 

Cn0~06b1 MOHTaXa U AeMOHTaXa BbIIIIeK BO MHOrOM OnpeAeJIR- 

HOBaHUR COe.L(HHRIoTCR llOJyXOMYTaMU. ~ ~ C T K O C COeANHeHHFl 

T ~ 

IoTCR UX K O H C T ~ ~ K ~ C~KUUOHH~I~ 

H ~ ~ ~ . MasTOBbIe BbILUKki c06upa10~ 

o ~ ~ c I I ~ ~ u B ~ llJlOTHbIM ~ T c R COllPHKOCHOBeHUeM @JIa~9a I I ~ T ~ Y ~ K ~ 

H3 UeJIbHOCBapHbIX C ~ K U U B ~ rOpU30HTaJIbHOM ~ 

llOJIOXeHUU Ha K03- 

C llOJIyXOMyTaMH. BecbMa 3KOHOMMqHbI U HaAeXHbI COeAUHeHHR Ha 

nanbuax n BbICOKOnpOqHbIX 6on~ax 6onbuoro AnaMeTpa. B 

nax. He6onbuoe sncno pa3'be~o~ ~JIOKOB npenonpeAenReT Manyo 

COenH- 

TpynoeMKocTb pa6o~, a npnMeHeHue cpencTB ~exa~nsauun TaKe- 

HeHURX C BbICOKOnPOqHbIMN ~OJIT~MA YCHJIHR nepeAaIOTCR TpeHHeM, 

naxHbrx pa60~ ~O~BOJIR~T AenaTb npouecc c6opew BHCOKO~@@~K- 

B03HnKaIOUNM MeXAy COIIPUKaCaIOUNMWCR IIJIOCKOCTRMU. 

THBHbIM. B ~ ~ MMOHTaXa H M ~ ~ T O BBbIIIIKU O ~ ~ npU IIpOsHX PaBHbIX 

Otlop~ble 3AeMefiTbL (0lTop~bIe @ep~bI, K03JIM, ~OACT~BKH) npeA- 

YCJIOBBRX BO MHOrO pa3 MeHbIIIe, s€!M 6ZiIIIe~~ofi. 

Ha3HaqeHbI AJIR BOClTPURTUSI CUJIOBHX ~03~efic~~nfi U nepeAasU IlX 

Ha puc. 11.8 npuseAeHa cxeMa nonxeMa ~as~o~ofi B~IUIKH ycTa- 

Ha @YHA~M~HT (~~TOHHM~~, A~P~BRHHH~~) UJIU HenOCPeACTBeHHO Ha 

. HOBKM BY25003Il C n0MOUbIo 6yp0~0fi ne6enen U nOfi'beMHbIX 

rPYHT. O~OPH~R IIOBePXHOCTb 3TUX 3JIeMeHTOB BblllOJIHReTCR C pas- 

CTOeK. C06pa~~b1e Ha 3eMne Li3 @epM ce~uufi KOJIOHHbl 1 YCTa- 

BHTO~ IlJIOUaAbIO OllliPaHHFI, 06ecnesu~a10~eii HW3KMe YAeJIbHbIe 

HaBnUBaIOT B OnOpbI OCHOBaHliH Ha BbIKJIaAKe 10. 3 a ~ MOHTBPY- e ~ 

HaTPY3KII. c06JIIO~e~ne 3TOr0 YCJIOBUFI OCO~~HHO BaXHO B KOHCT- 

IOT IIOAKPOH~JIO~HYIO PaMY, H BhlIIIKY ueHTPNPyIOT OTHOCHTeJIbHO 

pyKl(BRX OCHOBaHHR, 3KCnJIyaTIipyIOI4HXCR B pafio~ax C n0AaTJIH- 

OCH OCHOBaHUR. n0cJIe 3TOr0 Ha BbIIIIKY YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT ~~JIKOH 

BblMU TPYHTaMH. AO~~CTNM~I~ 

9, 

YAeJIbHbIe HaTpy3KU Ha rPYHT Onpe- 

BCe 06opynoaa~~e, MeXaHM3M IIOA'beMa N OCYUeCTBJIRIOT OCHaCTKY 

AeJIRIOTCR B KaXAOM KOHKPeTHOM CJIygae B 3aBBCHMOCTU OT reOJI0- 

I ~ane~ofi cncTeMM. 

ro-nOqBeHHblx ycJIo~kifi n BM~HP~H)TCR B npeAeJIaX 0,05-0,2 M n a , 

B~IUKY lTOAHUMaH3T n 0nyCKaH)T C nOMOUbH) 6yp0~0fi ne6en- 

B ~OJ~OTUCT~IX pafi0~ax 3Ta BeJIMqMHa CHUXaeTCR ,UO 0,01- 

I 

KU 4. fins 3TOr0 Ha nOJIY 6yp0~0fi HaA ne6eneoii 4 yCTaHaBJlABaIOT 

6apa6a~ 5, cnyxauuii Aria HanpasneHuR nonauxaoro KoHua Tane- 

BOrO KaHaTa 8. 3 a ~ ~ e n~ e u ~ a n b ~ n0~'beM~bIii 

b ~ f i KaHaT 3 npOIIyC- 

KaIOT sepe3 YP~BHUT~JI~HM~~ 6 ~ 2, 0 lTpn~peIIJIe~~b1fi 

~ 

K ~Y~OBOMY 

KPIOKY. ~ P HaTFIXeHUM U 

IIOABUXHOrO KOHUa TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa 8 

KPIoK HarIBHaeT nepeMeUaTbC5i K KPOH~JIOK~ M HaTRrllBaeT nOA'beM- 

~b1fi KaHaT 3, KOTOPM~~ llPOXOAUT sepe3 6no~n A U 6 nOA'beMHbIX 

B ~YPOBYIO YCTaHOBKY ~ 06~-

B, yKpenJIeHHbIe BHU3Y Ha ~ ~ I I I M ~ CTOeK K ~ x 7. 

IIOA'beMHOrO KaHaTa 3 3aKpenJleHbI B TOsKaX B CTORKN 6, 

9eMy npki HaTRXeHUN IIOA'beMHOrO KaHaTa TO9Ka B 

nepeMeuaeTcR B TO~KY B N npu TOM BHuKa nepeMeuaeTcR B sep- 

TNKaJIbHOe IIOnOXeHUe. C O ~ N ~ ~ IBbIIUKY O T N YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT 6an- 

KOH NHOrAa IIpU HNBKOR BbIKJIaAKe 10 IIpU IIepBOHasaJIbHOM IIOJIO- 

2KeHNN KaHaTOB. B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX ~e60~1bLU0fi rPY30nOA'beM- 

HOCTU 

KPaTbI. 

AnR noAXeMa BHrueK npuMeHmT ruApaBnu9ecKue AOM- 

Mas~osLde BHLUKU MOXHO TpaHCnOPTNPOBaTb aBTOTPaHCnOPTOM 

CTOeK 6 N 6no~u 

KOHULI 

6naro~ap~ 

6e3 pa360p~u B BepTUKanbHOM NAN I'OPN30HTaJIbHOM nOJIOXeHMRX, 

a TaKXe pa306pa~HLde Ha OTAeJlbHhIe CeKUNN. BHUIKU 6ame~~oro 

Tuna pa36upam~ Ha oTnenbHbIe sacTu. Hau6onee pacnpocTpaHeH- 

H~IR CIIOCO~ C~OPKN -MeTOA MOHTaXa CBePXY BHM3 C nOMOIUbI0 

CneUNaJIbHOrO BbIUIeYHOrO IIOA'beMHNKa. OCO~~HHOCT~ er0 3aKnIOgaeTCR 

B TOM, 9TO MOHTaX BLdIUKU HagUHaeTCR C BePXHUX C~KUU~~. 

n e p ~ h I ~ FMOHTllPyIOT i 

K03JIbI N ~OAKPOH~JIO~H~I~ ~~JIKN, 3aTeM 

K HUM IIPNCOeAMHRIOT BePXHIOIO CeKUNIO, co6upae~y10 BHYTPN BbI- 

UeqHOrO nOA'beMHUKa. Ee IIOAHUMaIOT C IIOMOUbIO npucnoco6ne~~~ 

Ha BbICOTY cJI~AYIOU~~ CeKUNN BbILUKU N IIPMCOeAUHRIOT K YXe no&- 

HHTOR. ~OAHNM~IOT ABe C O ~ P ~ H H CeKUNU ~ I ~ M MOHTUPYIOT Ha IIOJIy 

, CJ'leAyIOUyIO CeKUUIO U TaK A0 C~MO~I HUXH~R CeKQUU. 

! fiN~efiHblf2 pa3MepH IIOA'beMHNKa 3aBNCRT OT pa3MepOB c~KQM~. 

/ CT~OUT~JI~CTBO BbILUeK 6aIUeH~or0 Tuna npki IIOMO~U CTpeJl NAN 

c6op~a B rOPN30HTaJlbHOM IIOJIOXeHNN C IIOCJIeAyIOuUM nOA'beMOM 

B pa6osee nonoxease He pacnpocTpaHeHH, TaK KaK sa~pyn~e~a 

MeXaHW3aUNR CTpONTenbCTBa U npHXOAHTCR BeCTU pa60~b1 Ha 6onb- 

IU0fi BbICOTe. 

1 

§ 9. COOPYXEHW11 flJl11 6YPEHH11 CKBAXUH HA MOPE 

pa6o~ 

3HasFi~eJIb~oe yBenwseHkie O ~ ' ~ ~ M ~YPOB~IX 

O B 

Ha Mope, 

XapaKTepU3yIO~UXcR 60nbIUN~ pa3~006pa3Ne~ my6ua, KJIUMaTU- 

YeCKNX, reOJIOr0-TeXHOJIOrN9eCKHX ycno~wR, RBHJIOCb IIpN9MH0fi 

TOrO, 9TO B HaCTORUee BpeMR B MNpe IIOCTpOeHO U 3KCIIJIyaTNpyeT- 

CR MHoro C ~ ~ U U ~ ~ N ~ N ~ O6ypo~b1x B ~ H H ~ coopyxe~uji I X 

P~~JIN~HHX 

i 

KOHCTPYKUU~. 

~ T MOPCKNe N 

COOPYXeHNR IIpaKTN9eCKN CTPORTCR no NHAUBMAY- 

{ aJIbHbIM IIpOeKTaM, HO NX MOXHO KJI~CCN@NUUPOB~T~ CJIeAYIOWUM 

06pa30~: 

3CTaKaAbI N OTAeJIbHHe CTaUNOHapHbIe MOPCKUe OCHOBaHUR 

(CMO) ; 

CaMOnOA'beMHbIe IIAaBysUe 6ypo~bre YCTaHOBKM (CnEY) ; 

nonynorpyxaHe nnaByswe 6ypo~b1e ycTaHoBKu (IInEY); 

- 6ypos~e cyna (EC). 

B KaXAOM N3 3TNX KJIaCCOB MOXHO BbIAeJIUTb PRA IIOAKnaCCOB. 

Hanpu~ep, CMO IIO~pa3AeJIRIOTCR Ha OCHOBaHNR @~PM~HHO~~ KOH-

CTPYK4UU (M~T~JIJIH~~CKH~) N rpaBNTauNoHHbIe (x~JI~~o~~ToHH~I~), 

nnBY - Ha YCTaHOBKN C RKOPHO~~ CNCT~MO~~ YAePXaHUR Ha TOq- 

Ke 6ype~nR Pi YCTaHOBKN C CHCT~MO~~ AHHaMHseCKOrO nO3UUNOHAposaHm, 

CnBY p a s n a q a ~ ~ ~ no c a wcny onop~brx KOJIOHH. 

P~CCMOTPIIM KOPOTKO TNnbI 3TNX ~YPOBHX COOPYX~HM~~. Hea~eraso~~e 

MecTopoxneHm Kacnn~ pa36ypnsa10~ npu my6asax MOPS 

10-100 M C NCIIOJIb3OBaHNeM 3CTaKaA 11 CTaUNOHapHbIX MOPCKAX 

OCHOB~HU~~ yxe OKOJIO 40 JIeT N 3a 3T0 BpeMS 6b1fi0 COOpYXeHO 

CBbILUe 1000 CTaUNOHapHblX OCHOB~HM~~, 6onbrua~ qaCTb IiOTOPbIX 

NMeeT @ e p ~ e ~ ~ KOHCTPYKUUN. 

b I e 

B HaCTORuee BpeMR B Ba~y CTPORT CTaUNOHaPHhIe OCHOBaHNR, 

Il03BOJlRIOuNe BeCTN 3KCnJIyaTaUNOHHOe 6ype~~e KYCTOBbIM MeTO- 

AOM (no 24 CKBaXHHbI N 6onee B KYCT~) npN my6n~ax MOpR A0 

200 M. Yc~be C K B ~ ~ N H pacnonoxeao ~ I 

Ha nnoua~~e 6no~a n coeAIlHReTCR 

CO CKB~XNHO~~ BOAOOTA~JIRIO~~~~ KOJIOHHO~~. no OKOH- 

qaHNA 6ype~n~ CKBaXNH 6yp0~0fi ~JIoK 3aMeHReTCR 3KCnJIYaTa- 

UMOHHbIM. 

Bypo~oe O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ pas~euae~oe 

H H ~ , 

Ha sepx~eii nnouaAKe 

CMO, OTJIH~EieTCR OT IIpNMeHReMOrO Ha CyLUe I'JIaBHbIM o6pa30~ 

KOMIIOHOBKO~~. YCT~HOBK~ BOAOOTAeJIRIO~NX KOJIOHH n03BOJIReT 

060py~oBa~b YCTbe CKBaXNHbI N 06e~neqH~b WO I'ePMeTN3aUNIO 

C IIOMOUbIo TeX Xe CpeACTB, gTO Pi Ha CyLUe. 

CnBY IIpeACTaBJIRIoT co6ofi COOPYXeHMR, COCTORmNe N3 IlJIa- 

ByzIerO KOpnyCa 1, C H ~ ~ X ~ H H TPeMR O ~ O - ITRTbIO OnOPHbIMN KOJIOH- 

HaMH 3, 6yp0~0fi B~IUIKO~~ 2, KOMnJIeKTOM ~YPOBO~O O~OPYAOB~HNII 

N ~ep~one~~ofi nnoua~~ofi 5 (pac. 11.9). CnBY nepeMeuaeTcR 6y~- 

CNpaMH, a OnOpHbIe KOJIOHHbI IIpA 3TOM IIOAHNMaIOTCR. B pa6oqem 

IIOJIOXeHNN KOJIOHHbI OnYCKaIOT A0 YnOpa B AH0 MOPR, a KOpIIyC 

CnBY IIpNIIOAHHMaeTCR Ha& IIOBepXHOCTbIO MOPR Ha 6-12 M. 

6aLUhfa~11 KOJIOHH BHeAPRIOTCR B rPYHT Ha rny6~~y 15-20 M N 60.. 

nee. 3~epre~1isec~oe N HacocHoe 06opy~osa~ue CnEY, xxnbre 

noMeueHm 4 AnR nepcoHaJra pa3~euam~c~ csepxy NJIM BHYTPEI 

KOpIIyCa; BbIUIKY, IIOA'beMHOe O ~ O ~ ~ A O B N ~ Hpe3epByapbI H ~ 

AJIR 

XIIMnqecKNx peareHToB1 MOHTNPYIOT Ha ~epx~eji nany6e. 

OCHOBHO~ Ha3HaqeHNe CnEY - 6ype~ne pa3BeAOLIHbIX CKBaXNH 

my6a~ofi AO 6500 M npn my6liaax MOPR AO 100 M. MNPOBO~~ 

napK CnBY COCTaBJIReT OKOJIO 350 eANHNU. B CCCP C nOMOubI0 

OTeseCTBeHHblX YCTaHOBOK >, , , 

U APYrNX BeAeTCR IIOHCKOBO-Pa3BeAOqHOe 6ype- 

HNe Ha KacnnN. T~XHOJIO~UR 6ype~NR C CnBY IIpaKTNLIeCKN He 

OTJIIllIaeTCR OT TeXHOJIOrkIN 6ype~NR C CMO. 

nnBy HCIIOJIb3yIOT AJIR Pa3BeAO'IHOrO ~YP~HNR CKBaXNH IIpN 

rny6~~ax MOPR 6onee 300 M. c a ~ 60nbma~ a ~ B Mnpe rny6a~a 

MOPR, IIpN KOTOPO~~ 6b1na npo6ype~a Pa3BeAOZIHaR CKBaXUHa, COcTaBHna 

1570 M. np~ 6ype~uu Ha 6onbruax my6a~ax Mopa npen- 

CTaBJIRIoT 60nbruae CJIOXHOCTU YAepXaHNe 6ypo~oro CyAHa Ha OCB 

CKBaXAHbI BCJIeACTBNe BOJIHeHNR MOPR N ~eqe~Nfi, CnyCK BOAOOT- 

AeJIRIOuFiX KOJIOHH OqeHb 60nb~10fi MaCCbI H AP. 

KOHCTP~KUNN nnEy BeCbMa pa3~006pa3~b1, HO IIPHH~NnIIaJIb- 

Hoe ax yc~por"rc~~o o ~ n u q a e Mano. ~ c ~ Ha p~c. 11.10 no~a3a~a cxeMa 

nnw, COCTORuerO N3 HMXHMX nOHTOHOB 1 C npNKpenJIeHHbIMN 

BepTNKaJIbHbIMM CT~~HJIN~II~~IO~NMII KOJIOHHaMN 3, Ha KOTOPbIX 

pacnonoxeHa nnouanKa 4 ycTaHoBKN. Ha nnouanee CMoHTnpoBa- 

Hbl KPaHbI 5 AJIR YKJIaAKN TPY~ B CTeJIJIaXN 6, a TaKXe AJIR nOA'b- 

€!Ma ApyrNX TPY3OB. 3~ecb Xe YCTaHOBJIeHa ~ ~ U I ~ HBbIUKa H ~ R 7 

5' 

67

C nOA'beMHbIM O~OPYAOB~HU~M. Hacoc~oe 06opynosa~ne pa3Me- 

WaeTcrr BHyTpn Kopnyca. Ha nnouanse 4 nnu HecKonbKo sarrrre 

pa3~eue~a nocanosHaR nnouaAKa 8 AnR BepToneToB. 

Mex~y co608 nOHTOHb1 Pi c~a6n~1n3npy~)uue KOJIOHHbI COeAH- 

HeHbI KOPO~~~T~IMU ~ ~ J I K ~ M9 I I U PaCKOCaMU 10. B nepe~~efi ki 

3a~~efi saCTRX IIOHTOHOB HaXOARTCR RKOPHbIe UenU 2. np~l TpaHCnOpTUpOBKe 

nnEY ~ Y K C H ~ ~ UnH M H 3a C'IeT CO~CTB~HHO~ ABHI'a- 

~ e J I b ~ 0YCTaHOBKH 8 

IIOHTOHbI IIOrpyXeHbI He3HasnTeJIbH0, B pa6oseM 

nOnoxeHuu OHM nOrpyXamTcR Ha my6n~y 20-25 M, npu TOM 

KOpnyC IIpHnOnHRT HaA YPOBHeM MOPR Ha BbICOTY 12-16 M. 

Ha TOYKe 6 y p e ~ ~ nnEy R yAepXUBaeTCR RKOPRMU UJIU CHCT~MO~~ 

n u ~ a ~ n q e c ~ c~a6unu3a~nu, 

o f i 

ynpasn~e~ofi KoMnbmTepaMn. 

B CBR3U C TeM, 9TO B IIpOUeCCe 6 y p e ~ ~ nnEy R He OCTaeTCR 

H~~OABUXHO~ OTHOCUTeJIbHO OCU CKBaXUHbI, 6yp0~0e O~OPYAOB~- 

Hkie, npHMeHReMOe Ha 3TUX YCTaHOBKaX, OTJlMqaeTCR OT yCTaHaBJIH- 

BaeMoro Ha CMO n CnEY TeM, YTO TanesaR cucTeMa ocHauaeTcR 

CMOHTNPOBaHHbIMM B HC?~ KOMneHCaTOpaMU BepTUKaJIbHbIX nepeMe- 

H ~ U ~ M ~ H H O ~ 

ue~n8, 06ecnesu~a~l~u~u 

nonoxeeue KpmKa npn Kas- 

Ke nnEy. BM~CTO BOAOOTA~JIRH)~~~ KOJIOHHbI YCTaHaBJIUBaeTCR 

MOPCKO~ CTORK, CO~AIIHRIO~I~~ nOnBOAHOe YCTbe CKBaXHHbI n yCTa- 

HOBneHHOe Ha HeM ~~OTUBOB~I~~OCOBO~ 060pyno~a~ne C TeXHOJIO- 

I'HseCKUM ~YPOBHM O~OPYAOB~HII~M, Pa3MeIUeHHbIM Ha nnEy. 

CTORK AOnYCKaeT He3HaYUTeJlbHbIe CMeueHUR nnEy OTHOCHTeJlb- 

HO OCn CKBaXHHbI B I'OPN~OHT~JI~HO~ II B e p ~ n ~ a n b ~ IIJIOCKOCTRX, 

0 8 

a TaKXe YI'nOBbIe KoJI€!~~HI~R YCTaHOBKH. ~H~YIIT~JI~HO YCJIOXHReT- 

CR O ~ O P Y ~ O B ~ HYCTbR A ~ CKBaXHHbI II CIlCTeMa YnpaBJIeHHR 

HaXOARuUMCR nOA ~0~08 ~POTUBOB~I~POCOB~IM O~OP~AOB~HU~M. 

B HaCTORWee BpeMR MHPOBO~ napK nnEy COCTaBJIReT OKOJIO 

200 eAkiHPiU. 

Eypos~e cyna (EC) ~O~BOJIRIOT BecTn reonoropaa~e~osaoe 6ypeHne 

npn my6n~ax MOPR no 1000 M n 6onee. EC npencTasnReT 

co608 o6b1s~oe MOpCKOe CyAHO BOnOPi3MeueHHeM 7-35 TbIC. M3, Ha 

nany6e KOTOPOI'O CMOHTHpOBaHa BbIUIKa H 6ypo~oe 060py~o~a~ne, 

aHanorusHoe npnMeHReMoMy Ha IInEY. nposene~ne 6yposbrx 

pa60~ Ha 3~ZlqPi~eJIb~08 rny6n~e BOBMOXHO, TaK KaK EC WMeIOT 

MOuHbIe CHCTeMbI AHHaMIl'4eCKOrO ~03H~HOHHPOBaHHR, n03BOJIRIO- 

IQHe YAepXUBaTb CyAHO HaA T O ~ ~ K6ype~nR O ~ npIl CKOPOCTRX BeTpa 

60-100 KM/~I II BbICOTe BOnH 5-6 M. 

rJIABA 111 

TAJIEBAR CHCTEMA 

5 1. HASHAqEHUE, CXEMb1 U YCTPOACTBO 

B IIpOUeCCe npOBOAKH CKBaXUHbI nOn'beMHaR CIlCTeMa BbInOJIHReT 

pasnus~b~e onepaunn. B OAHOM cnysae oHa cnyxnT npo- 

BeAeHPiR cno C UeJlbIO 3aMeHbI H3HOUIeHHOrO AOJIOTa, CnyCKa, 

noA5eMa n ynepxaHnrr Ha secy ~YPHJI~H~IX KonoHH npn o~6ope 

KepHa, JIOBAJIbHbIX HJIH jlPYI'IlX pa6o~ax B CKBaXHHe, a TaKXe nJIR 

cnycKa o6ca~~b1x ~py6. B Apyrnx cnysaRx 06ecnesnsae~ co3na~ne

XNT AJIR YAePXaHUR 6 ~ - 

pNJ'Ib~0fi KOJOHHbI, CnyUeH- 

HOG B CKBaXNHY, B IlpOUeCCe 

PUC. 111.1. ~ O A % ~ M H cucreMa ~ R 6ypo~oR 6ype~u~. 

YCTaHOBKU n 0 A ' b e ~ ~ a R CMCTeMa yC- 

TaHOBKH (~Nc. 111.1) IIpeA- 

CTaBJIReT co6ofi IIoJIuc~~cTH~I~~ MeXaHN3M, COCTOR~N~~ I13 KPOH~JIO- 

Ka 4, TaneBoro (nons~x~oro) 6no~a 2, cTanbHoro KaHaTa 3, RB- 

JIRroUerOCR ~ 1 1 6 ~ 0CBR3bIO 8 MeXAy 6yp0~0ii ne6en~ofi 6 A Mexa- 

HM3MOM 7 KpenJIeHNR HeIIOABHXHOrO KOHUa KaHaTa. I(~OH~.JIOK 4 

ycTaHasnmaeTcn Ha sepx~eii nnouanKe 6ypo~ofi BbIrnKu 5. ~ O A - 

~HX~b1fi KOHeII A KaHaTa 3 KPenUTCR K 6apa6a~y ne6en~lr 6, a 

H~~OABNXH~I~~ KOHeII fi - Yepe3 npa~cnoco6ne~ae 7 K OCHOBaHHIo 

BbIIlIKN. I( TaJleBOMy 6no~y npNCOeAUHReTCR KPIOK' 1, Ha KOTOPOM 

nOABeIUNBaeTCR Ha IUTpOnaX 3JIeBaTOp AnR TPY~ uns BepTJIIOr. 

B HaCTORUee BpeMR ~aJIe~b1fi 6no~ U IIOA%€!MH~I~~ KPIOK BO MHOTUX 

CJIyYaRX O~%~AHHHIOT B OANH MeXaHN3M - KPIOKO~JIOK. 

Harpys~y Ha ~anesblfi 6no~ PT6 onpenenRIoT KaK ~au6onbruy10 

HaI'py3Ky OT BeCa KOJOHHbI PK N BeCa KpIOKa: 

CTaTNYeCKaR Harpy3Ka 

p ' ~ 6 ~ p ~ t - G ~ ; (111.1) 

ANHaMNYeCKaR Harpy3Ka 

Ha KpIOKe ~eo6xona~oro me G K - sec KpIoKa N snesaTopa co ruTponaMa; EK - ycKopeHae ycunuR nnR N~BJI~Y~HNR U3 

KpIoKa npu non3eMe; g - ycKopeHtie CBO~OAHO~O nanesssr. 

CKBaXNHbI ~ ~ H X B ~ Y ~ H H O ~ ~ non~lcnac~~a~ cwcTeMa cnyxaT nnrr CHNxeHMR CKOPOCTN ABN- 

6ypHnb~0fi KOJIOHHbI NJIN npH 

x e H m KpIoKa w ysens.reHm ero non%e~~ofi cum1 3a cyeT cHHxeasapuRx 

c ~efi. ,QnR o6ecne- 

HNR CKOPOCTN Benj'uefi CTPYHbI KaHaTa, HaMaTbIBaeMOrO Ha 6apa- 

YeHMR B~ICOKO~~ ~@@~KTHBHO- 6a~. q e 6onbme ~ YHCJIO CTPYH KaHaTa I? UIKBBOB YrIaCTBYeT B paern 

npn 3TNX pa3~006pa3- 

GOT€!, TeM MeAJIeHIIee 6yne~ IIOAHNMaTbCR ~aJIeBb1fi 6no~ C KPIOKOM. 

H~IX pa60~ax non%eMHaR cu- 

YcuJINR B CTPYHaX TaJIeBOI'O KaHaTa PT B COCTORHNN IIOKOR N ABUcTeMa 

m e e T nsa suna CKO- 

XeHUR HeOAHHaKOBbIe. 

poc~efi nOA%eMHOrO KpIOKa: I 

npN CTaTAYeCKOM HarPYXeHNN (COCTORHN~ ~OKOR) 

TeXHNYeCKyIO AJlR CnO 11 

PT=P/T~+GT~+GTK, 

(I I I .3) 

TeXHOJIOrNYeCKAe 

TanbHbIX 0IIepaIINfi. 

AJIR OC- 

B CBR3N C N3MeHeHNeM 

Beca 6ypNnb~ofi KOJIOHHbI 

npa non%eMe nnR o6ecne~e- 

HNR MNHNMYMa 3aTpaT Bpe- 

M e w non%eMHarr cHcTeMa 

AonXHa 06nana~b cnoco6~o- 

CTbIO N3MeHRTb CKOPOCTU 

nOA%eMa B COOTBeTCTBNN C 

~arpy3~0fi. OH^ TaKXe CAY- 

P"T6= (P,+G,) J 1 +* ) , (111.2) 

g 

me PI, P2, ..., P, - YCAJIAR B Hecyuux cTpyHax nonucnacTa, Haxo- 

ARUNXCR MeXAy TaJIeBbIM ~JIOKOM Pi KPOH~JIOKOM. H~T~YAHO IIOKa- 

3aTb, YTO B COCTORHBN IIOKOR 3TN YCNJINR PaBHbI MeXAy ~0608, T. e. 

P1=P2= . . . = Pn=PB=PM, 

(111.6) 

rAe PB N PM - YCNJINR B B e ~ y ~ e N f i H~IIoABNXHO~~ CTpyHaX KaHaTa 

(puc. 111.2). 

Torna ycwnwe B n1060fi CTpyHe B COCToRHNN nOKOR 

Pc= P ~ I ~ ~ ~ , (111.7) 

rAe UTC- qUCJIO CTPYH KaHaTa MeXAY TaJ'IeBbIM ~JIOKOM H KPOH- 

~JIOKOM, T. e. KPaTHOCTb IIOJINCnaCTa; PT -ycNJIkie B CTpyHaX TaneBoro 

KaHaTa npu CTaTuYecKoM HarpyxeHwi. 

Ycanae B CTpyHax ~ane~ofi ocHacTKw npw noA%eMe He npemmaeT 

~a146onbruero seca 6yp~JIb~ofi KOJIOHH~I, a npu cnycKax 

N Pe3KOM TOPMOXeHBN MOXeT npeBb1WaTb 3TOT BeC B 1,5 pa3a. 

~ P &BNXeHNN M 

~aJ'IeB0fi CNCTeMbI BCJIeACTBMe TPeHNR 0 UIKNBbI H 

usru6a KaHaTa no UIKUB~ ~arpys~a Ha CTPYH~I KaHaTa HeoAuHa-

AnR IIpaKTHYeCKHX PaCYeTOB MOXHO HCnOJIb30BaTb @OPMYJIY 

11. = 1-o,02uTC. 

H ~ T H X ~ Hpa6osnx H ~ CTPYH npH non%eMe 

P~n=Panqm; P,2n=P1nqm, ... ; 

Pin = P in-I~W. (111.10) 

rAe PKn. max - MaKcnManbHaR ~arpy3~a Ha KpmKe npn cnycee. 

C N ~ TpeHm I npH noA3eMe H cnycKe B pacseTax npuHmaroT 

PaBHbIMM. 

CKOPOCT~ ~e~yuefi 

CTPYH~I KaHaTa npM noA5eMe v, no ycno- 

BHXM HaMOTKM Ha 6apa6a~ J I ~ ~ ~ A KHe U AOJIXHa npeBbIUIaTb 

20 M/C: 

V B = V K U T C ~ ~ M/C ~ 

(111.12) 

(VK - CKOPOCTb KPIOKa, M/c). 

Yucno UKUBOB K~OH~JIOK~ Z K ~ BCerAa Ha OAMH 6onb~le, YeM 

B TaJIeBOM ~JIOK~ ZT6, a YHCJIO CTPYH KaHaTa B OCHaCTKe YeTHOe: 

zK6 = zT6+ 1. (111.13) 

111.1. 

X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ HTaJIeBbIX C T H K CMCTeM ~ npABeAeHa B T~~JI. 

~McJIo UIKMBOB, HX pa3MepbI H YMCA0 CTPYH KaHaTa B T ~ J I ~ B o ~ ~ 

CNCTeMe, T. e. KPaTHOCTb nOJHCnaCTa UT,, OnpeAeARIOTCR AOnyCTM- 

~0fi ~arpy3~0fi Ha KpIOKe, TXrOBbIM yCMAMeM ne6ea~u, CKOPOCTbH) 

HaBlrBOK KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~, YHCJIOM PRAOB HaBMBKM KaHaTa, pas- 

MepaMH, npOYHOCTbI0, ~~~OTOC~OCO~HOCT~I~, 

TMnOM H CTOMMOCTbIO 

TaneBoro KaHaTa. 

Cpefi~RR YaCTOTa BpaueHMR 6apa6a~a J I ~ ~ ~ A K(B M O~/MUH) 

n6.cp vs.cp 601nDcp, (111.14) 

rAe Dcp= (Do+De) /2 - CP~AHMR AHaMeTp HaBUBKM KaHaTa, M; 

D,=D6+dK - MUHHM~JI~H~I~~ ANaMeTp HaBNBKH KaHaTa, M; Dg - 

AHaMeTp 6 0 ~ ~ 16apa6a~a, 4 

M; d, -~lia~e~p KaHaTa, M; De - HaM- 

6onbruaii ANaMeTp HaBUBKH KaHaTa, M 

D,=D~+'cL(~z-~)~K, (111.15) 

(2 - YHCJIO CJIOeB HaBHBKN KaHaTa a=0,93+0,95 - K O~@@M~U~HT 

YMeHbUIeHUR AMaMeTpa HaBABKM 3a CYeT CMRTWR M YKJ'IaAKM Ka- 

~a~a). 

MOWHOCT~ Ha KPIOKe. npM nOA'beMe KOAOHH (B KBT) 

Nxn=Pxvx.cp/2 HAM NK~=PKVK min, (111.16) 

rAe PK - ~ aM60nbLUaR ~arpy3~a Ha KpH)K, MH; V K . ~ A ~ Vxmin - 

CpeAHRR H MMHMMaJIbHaR CKOPOCTN nOA'beMa KpIOKa, M/C. 

MO~HOCT~ Ha ~e~yueii cTpyHe TaneBoro KaHaTa 

N,n=Nxn/qrc MJIH Nen=Psn~B.cp/2qTc (111.17) 

(vB.cp - cpenHm CKOPOCT~ ~e~yuiefi BeTBN TaneBoro Ka~a~a). 

I(~H~T Ha 6apa6a~ MOXHO HaBUBaTb B HeCKOJIbKO CnOeB II0 BUH- 

TOBO~~ JIWHHN C nPOTHBOnOJIOXHbIM HanpaBAeHHeM B CMeXHbIX CJIORX 

Hns c napannenb~oii y~na~~oii BMTKOB. Aylruaa B oTHoureHww 

YMeHbUIeHHR H3HOCa KaHaTa - IIapaJIJIeJIbHaR YKJIaAKa, npW KOTOp0fi 

KO~@@AUN~HT a HMeeT HaHMeHbWee 3HaYeHMe. npki 6ypeHWM 

CKBBXUH OANH~KOBO~~ MY~HH~I B pa3JIMYHMX YCAOBMRX Ha KPIOK 

A~~~CTBYIOT OANHaKOBbIe Harpy3KM, HO YMCJIO CnO MOliteT OTJIMqaTbcx. 

Ecnu sklcno CnO ~e6onbUIoe, TO peruawweii RsnReTcR npos- 

HOCTb KaHaTa, a npM 60JIbm0~ YMcne CnO -erO a6pa3M~HMfi H

HnaoHemd amaoddq 

uuamsenou 

00SZIAg I OOOOldg I O008R4 I 00S9Ag I OOOSR4 I OOOtlEg I OOZER4 I OOSZAS 1 OOOZAg 1 009144 1 OSZIASI 

009 ZI 

00001 

0008 

0099 

0009 

OOOP 

OOZE 

0092 

OOOZ 

0091 

09ZI 

vu 'KWH~~K~ 

e~u96vJ KeHe'3~3A 

0008 

00E9 

0009 

OOOP 

OOZE 

0092 

OOOZ 

0091 

09ZI 

0001 

008 

H" 

'axordw eH easKd~ 

-en "evuaex~KuoU 

PP !ZP 

ZP f g ~ 

8E !sE 

9E !zE 

ZE !8~ 

82 :gz 82 !SZ tzz 

9z :ZZ 

RR 

'ere~ea draweun 

91-PI 

PI-ZI 

ZI-01 

01-8 

aXL3EH30 e ~ Kdu 

xuhoged 0tr3kih 

vu 'egouax KHU

§ 2. CTAJlbHblE TAJlEBblE YAHATM 

C~U~CTBY~T 6onbrrroe pa3~006pa3~e 

KOHCT~~KUH~~ KaHaTOB, CBU- 

TbIX 113 CTaJIbHbIX IIpOBOJIOK, pa3JIMqHbIX KaK no @OPM~ nonepes- 

HOrO CeseHMR (~pymb~e, IIJIOCKMe, OBaJIbHbIe M ~p.), TaK M IIO KOH- 

CTPYKUMM OTAeJIbHbIX IIpR~efi M MX HaBkiBKW (~McJIo 3JIeMeHTOB, 

CBMTblX B KaHaTe, POA MX CBMBKM, AMaMeTp npOBOJIOKM M AP.). 

B TaJIeBbIX CMCTeMaX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK McIIOJI~~YIOTCR CTaJIb- 

HbIe KaHaTbI TOJIbKO KpyrJIOrO CeqeHMR ABO~~HO~~ CBMBKM Pi3 OAMHa- 

KOBbIY KaHaTOB, Ha3bIBaeMbIX IIPRARMM (PUC. 111.3). 

C~aJIb~b1e TaJIeBbIe KaHaTbI (PMC. 111.4) M3rOTOBJIRIOT pa3JIMq- 

HOG KOHCTP~KUBA: ~pec~o~ofi CBMBKM npa~ofi u ne~ofi, 0603~asae- 

,MbIe COOTBeTCTBeHHO CMMBOJIaMM M . npM 3~0fi CBMBKe np0- 

BOJIOKM B IIPRARX CBkiBaIOTCR B OAHY CTOPOHY, a IIpRAM BOKPYr Cep- 

AeqHMKa B ApyryIO. B TaJIeBbIX CMCTeMaX AJIR 3K~nnyaTaUMoHHorO 

6 y p e ~ 6onee ~ ~ jl2CIIpOCTpaHeHbI KaHaTbI IIpa~ofi K ~ ~ C T O BCBMB- O ~ ~ 

KM, M3rOTOBJIeHHbIe M3 B~ICOKOYI'JI~PO~MCTO~~ B~IcoKOM~P~~HUOBM- 

CTOG K ~ H ~ T Hc~aJIb~0fi O ~ ~ npOBOJIOKM C npeAeJIOM IIpOqHOCTM 1766- 

1960 Mna. 

~PRAA M3I'OTOBJIRIOT M3 pa3HOrO qMCJIa CJIOeB npOBOJIOK 

(PAC. 111.5). Tpexcnofi~aR, IIpoc~ofi KOHCT~~KUNM (1+6+12+18= 

=37) M3 npOBOJIOK OAHOrO AMaMeTpa B CJIORX, CBMTbIX BOKPyr 

OAHO~~ ue~~paJIb~0fi IIPOBOJIOKM-CepAesHMKa - T M TK ~ (~Mc. 111.5, a) ; 

ABYXC~~O~~H~R C OAMHaKOBbIM qMCJIOM (1+9+9= 19) npOBOJIOK pas- 

HOrO AMaMeTpa 61, 62 M a3 B KaXAOM CJIOe - TMn AK (PHC. III.5,6) ; 

~pexcnoii~a~ c npoMexyToqHm cnoeM A m nysruero sanon~e~~~ 

CeqeHMR, cocTORI4erO 113 IIpOBOJIOK ABYX AMaMeTpOB 61 M 62 [I+ 

+(6-/-6)+12=25, pMC. III.5,8]; AB~XCJIO~~H~R C BHeUHMM CJIOeM 

Pi3 IIPOBOJIOK pa3JIMqHOrO AMaMeTpa 61 M a2 M BHYTPeHHerO CJIOR 63 

[1+6+(6+6) =19, pMC. III.5,2]. CYU~CTBYIOT ki ,IIpyrHe TMIIbI 

KOHCTpyKUMM. 

B npnmrx rpynna npoEonoK pacnonaraeTcR no cnapans BoKpyr 

CepAeqHMKa B HeCKOJIbKO KOHUeHTPMqeCKMX CJIOeB. PRAM KaHaTa 

no pony CBMBKM M3rOTOBARIOT TpeX TMnOB: C OAHOCTOPOHHMM Ha- 

IIpaBJIeHMeM, OAMHaKOBbIM JTJIOM CBMBKM M JIMH~~~H~IM KaCaHMeM 

~POBOJIOK B CJIORX - TNII AK; C OfiMHaKOBbIM IHarOM CBUBKIi BO 

BCeX CJIORx; KOM~MHMPOB~HH~I~ C pa3HbIM HanpaBJleHNeM CBMBKH 

no CJIORM. BO BTOPOM M TpeTbeM CJIyYaRX IIPOBOJIOKM B CJIORx 

nepeKpeu~saIoTcR M npokicxonuT ~x TosesHoe KacaHue - TMn TK. 

I3 cTanbHbIx KaHaTax n~ofi~oii CBUBKU rpynna np~~efi pacnonarae~c~ 

no cnkipanu BoKpyr OpraHMqecKdro unu MeTannusecKoro 

C e p ~ e q ~ M ~ Ann a . TRXeJIO HarPYXeHHbIX TaJIeBbIX CNCTeM JIyqUe 

~ P U M ~ H RKaHaTbI T ~ C MeTEiJIJIUTeCKMM CePAeqHMKOM, COCTOR~MM M3 

CeMM IIpRfiefi no CeMb IIpOBOJlOK B ~aX~0fi. Tane~~e KaHaTbl 3TOr0 

Tuna 06ecnesu~a10~ H~O~XOAHM~I~ ~ M ~ K O C M T ~ MMeIOT BbICOKYK) 

PonepeqHyH, WeCTKOCTb. 

PUC. 1j4.3. Tanes~ii KaHaT C lUeCTbl0 

npRARMU 1 U IIpYXWHHblM CePAesHW- 

KOM 2 

\ 

I Puc. 111.4. Tanesb~e KaHaTbl pasnus- 

~ 0 f i CBWBKU: 

I - ~ pec~o~oti CBHBKH, I1 - OAHOCTOPOHH~R 

CBHBKH, a - npa~oti, 6 - ne~oti 

I 

Puc. 111.5. Cese~wx cTanbHblx n p ~ ~ e KaHaTa i r 

Ha pHc. 111.6 nOKa3aHbI CeqeHMR KaHaTOB, IIpMMeHReMbIX B Ta- 

JreBbIX CUCTeMaX: C np0~~0fi KOHCTPYKUH~~ IIpR~efi 1 C TOqeqHbIM 

KaCaHMeM IIpOBOJIOK (TK) M OpraHMqeCKMM (0) CepAezIHMKOM 2 

(TH~ TK-0 6X 1+18= 114, pMC. 111.6, a); C JIki~efi~bI~ KacaHueM 

(AK) IIPOBOJIOK B IIPRARX 1 M OPraHMYeCKMM CepAeqHMKOM 2 

(TMn AK-0 6~ 1 +9+9= 114, PMC. III.6,6); C JIMH~~~H~IM KaCa- 

HMeM M C CePAeqHUKOM 113 CTaJIbHbIX IIpOBOJIOK 3 (TM~ 7~7=49) H 

CBMBKO~~ 

np~~efi 

1 113 npoBonoK pasnu~~oro AuaMeTpa (~un 

AI< 

6x25 = 150+ 1 M. C., PHC. 111.6,s) ; C npRARMMM3 IIPOBOJIOK pa3HOrO 

AHaMeTpa B npOMeXyT0sHOM cnoe ( T H ~ AK-PO 6 X 1 +6+ (6+6) + 

+12=186, pMC. 111.6,~) C CepAesHMKOM M3 CTaJIbHbIX IIpOBOJIOK 3. 

Ka~a~bl 

6onee XeCTKMX KOHCTPYKUH~~ M 6onbrrreii IIPOYHOCTH 

IIpMMeHRBT BJIR CnyCKa TRXeJIbIX O~C~&H~IX KOJIOHH, KOrAa ~pe6yeTCR 

60nb~laR TIPOzIHOCTb KaHaTa, a ~ U ~ K O CM T M3HOC ~ He UrpaIOT 

donbrrroii porn. ~PO~HOCTH~I~ XaPaKTePPiCTPiKM KaHaTOB 3aBUCRT

OT NX KOHCTPYKuNN, ANaMeTpa U npOsHOCTN npOBOJIOK, Ha HNX He 

BnnReT HanpaBneHne CBNBKU nprr~efi, neBoe unu npaBoe. 

B ~a6n. 111.2 IIpkiBeAeHbI AaHHbIe CTaJIbHbIX KaHaTOB, npNMeHRe- 

MbIX B TaJIeBblX CNCTeMaX. 

KaHa~bl nK-PO 6X l+6+ (64- 6) +12= 186+1 M. c. (~Hc. 111.6,~) 

~ ~ C U H @ ~ O B ~ ~ B CJIeAyIoUNM ~ H > T 06pa30~: KaHaT C JINH~~HMM KaCa- 

HHeM (AK) npOBOJIOK, COCTOR~N~~ N3 6 n p R ~ e 8 C 31-8 ~~OBOAOKO~ 

B K ~ X A O nPRAN; ~ ~ PO -B OAHNX CJIORX n p R ~ e 8 KaHaTa nPOBOJrOKN 

OAIIH~KOBO~ TOJIUNHM, a B ApyrNX CJIORX - pa3~0fi; npRAb COCTONT 

a3 OAHO~~ 4eH~paJIbH08 npOBOJIOKN, IIIeCTN npOBOJIOK OAAH~KOBO~~ 

TOJlUNHbI B nepBOM CJIOe IIPHAU, 12 npOBOJIOK pa3~08 TOJIwUHbI 

(B TOM sHCJIe ILIeCTb 60nb1110fi TOJIUNHbl N WeCTb ~aJI08 ToJI~NH~I) 

BO BTOPOM CJIOe U 12 npOBOJIOK OAHO~~ TOJIwNHbI B TpeTbeM CJIOe 

npRAN.; M~T~JIJIN~~cKH~~ CepAeYHNK KaHaTa 0603~aqae~cR 1 M. C. 

(COCTOUT N3 CeMU IIpRAe8 no CeMb npOBOJIOK B ~aXn0fi). 

~PRAN, CepAe4HNK N KaHaT B UeJIOM CMa3bIBaIoT B npOueCCe 

CBUBKN ~neuNaJIbH08 K ~ H ~ T H~~a3~0fi O ~ HM3-3 N B AOnOJrHNTenb- 

~ o 8 c~a3~e B npouecce 3~cnnya~auau OHM He HyxAaIoTcH. 

I 

i 

me Rp - pa3pbIBHOe YCWJIWe KaHaTa, H; ~ 2- 3 KO~@@NUN~HT 3anaca 

nposHocTn npn CnO (nonxe~ 6b1~b B npenenax 3-5); 

PBn - MaKCUMaJIbHOe HaTRXeHNe CTPYHbI KaHaTa, H. 

Ann CnyCKa O ~ C ~ A H ~ KOJIOHH I X npU CTaTNseCKNX HarPY3KaX npU- 

HUMaIoT AB0fiH0fi 3anaC IIpOsHOCTN. Pa3pbIB~oe YCNJINe KaHaTa 

nposaoc~b) ~~BWCMT OT npeaena nposHocTa npoBonoK 

I (arpera~~an 

HaTa no T ~ ~ J I H kiJIki ~ ~ ~OCT~M. 

M 

ynpOUeHNR PaCseTa MaKCNMaJrbHOrO HaTRXeHklR B ~ A Y W ~ ~ 

CTPYHbI KaHaTa @0p~yJIa (111.9) 3aMeHReTCR cJIeAyIoUe8: 

PBn=PT6m, (I I I .20) 

rAe m - KO~@@N~N~HT, 3aBN~R~ki8 OT OCHaCTKN. 

BeJIliq~l~b~ m AJR pa3JINsHofi ~aJIeB08 OCHaCTKN HPNBeAeHbI 

HNXe. 

n p H M ep. npH 6ype~uu CKBaXNHbI rJIy6~~0Si 2200 M C lTpEiMeHeHNeM 

TPY~ npUHRTa OCHaCTKa 4x5 C KaHaTOM AHaMeTpOM 28 MM. Heo6xo~u- 

PaCseT IIpaBHnbHOCTH ~PHHRTO~~ OCHBCTKN. 

127-~~ 

MO CAenaTb npo~epoY~bISi 

0npe~eJIReM ~aH60JIbIIIyi0 CTaTHseCKyKJ 

KaHaTa ~ a n e ~ ocacTeMH B 

HarpY3KY Ha nOABHXHbIe CTpYHbI 

rae L - AnHHa 6ypNnb~b1~ ~py6, 

PTC = Lq + fy6~qy6T + GTC, 

~py6, H; ly61- 

AnaHa YET, M; qyaT-~ec 1 M 

M; q-Bec 1 M 6ypHnb~~x 

YET, H; GTc -set TaneBorO 6no~a, KaHaTa 

U KpIOKa, H. 

B HalueM 

GTc=80 KH. 

Torna 

cnysae L=2200 M; q=280 HIM; fy6T= 100 M; qy6r=1 KH; 

PTc = 2200.280 + 100.1000 + 80 000 = 796 KH. 

Ecnw IIOnyYeHHaff Harpy3Ka Ha KaHaT C yeTOM K. ll. A. IIIKHBOB MeHbIIIe AO- 

II~cTHMO~~ H HHXe AOllyCTHMOrO HaTRXeHHR ~a6erammero Ha 6apa6an KOHUa 

UaHaTa, TO TBKYH) OCHaCTKY MOXHO IIPHHRTb AJIR pa60~b1. 

79

Haw6onee IIpHeMJIeMbIMki AJIR ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK 6yhbmo~ 

TPY30IIOA'beMHOCTN CYNTaIOTCR KaHaT AI(-PO 6x31 = 186 G MeTaJl- 

JlNYeCKNM CepAeYHNKOM 7x7 (TOCT 16853-79) N T~KO$? Xe Ka- 

HaT C OPraHNYeCKHM CePAeYHNKOM, pa3PbIBHOe YCNJIAe KOfOpOrO Ha 

12-14% MeHbUIe, YeM IIepBOrO. P~KOM~HA~~TCR 

TaKXe ~ P H M ~ H R T ~ 

KaHaTbl C OPraHNYeCKMM NJIN MeTaJlJINYeCKNM CePAerIHHKOM JK-M 

6X25= 150. 

~~BIICNMOCT~ AMaMeTPOB LUKNBOB T~JI~BoH CHCTeMbI H KaHaTa ' 

BbIpaxaeTcR cneAyIOuaM 06pa30~ : 

no HOpMaM ANaMeTP UIKNBOB Dm yCTaHaBJIHBaeTCR B 3aBHCH- 

MOCTH OT ANaMeTpa dK (B MM) H KOHCTPYKLlMN KaHaTa: 

a ~ a ~ 6apa6a~a e ~ p ne6e~~n 

D 6 u3 KOHCTPYKTNBH~IX peUIe~nji 

O~~IYHO MeHbUIe ANaMeTpa UIKNBOB ~aJIeB0fi CNCTeMbI. OAH~KO AJIR 

06ecnese~n~ xopouefi HaMOTKN KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~ OTHOUIeHNe 

Ds/dK AOJIXHO 6b1~b He MeHbUIe 24. 

K~OH~JIOK H ~aJIe~blfi ~JIOK CJIyXaT AnR pa3~eue~n~ 

BpauamuHxcR UIKNBOB, no KOTOP~IM npoxoAnT KaHaT ~ane~ofi cn- 

CTeMbI. KPOH~JIOK M ~ZiJleBbIfi 6no~ IlpeACTaBJIRIOT co608 KOHCT- 

PyKUkiIO, B KOTOPO~~ rpynIIa ~ ~ 0 6 BpauaIOuNXCR 0 ~ ~ 0 UIKNBOB CMOH- 

THposaHa Ha nonmnnHuKax. Ocn ~~K~~IIJIRIOT Ha paMe. no sacny 

~ ~ 0 6 0 ~ ~ 0 

0cefi N KpenJIeHIlIO KPOH~JIOKN OTJIArIaIOTCR OT TaJIeBbIX 6~0~0~ 

KOHCTP~KUNM Xe UIKNBOB Pi NX nOAUIAnHNKOBbIX OnOp BbInOJIHRIOT- 

CR OAHHaKOBbIMA B O~ONX 

K~OH~JIOK 

6no~ax. 

yCTaHaBJIMBaIOT Ha B ~ P X H IIJIOuaAKe ~ ~ BbIUIKN, Ha3bI- 

Bae~Ofi HaTOJIOBHNKOM. 3 ~ - 0 ~ en0fl~NX~bIfi 3JIeMeHT T~JI~BoC CN- 

CTeMbI. KOHCTPYKUHR K~OH~JIOK~ 3aBFiCAT OT Tuna BbIUKN, A~~CT- 

ByIOuefi HarPY3KN N 06'be~a CnYCKO-IIOA'beMHbIX 0Ilepa~Nfi. 

~ K N B 1 ~ KPOH~JIOKOB I 

MOHTNPYIOT Ha IIOAUIUnHNKaX KarIeHkiR 4 

Ha OAHO~ NJIN ABYX COOCHO PaCIIOJIOXeHHbIX OCRX 2, YCTaHOBJIeH- 

H~IX B onopax 3 Ha paMe 5 (pnc. III.7,a,6,s) an60 HecoocHo 

(~JIC. III.7,2, 8). npH H~COOCHO~~ CXeMe OCb 6 UIKNBa 7, CJIyXauero 

AnR no~~ax~oii 

CTPYHH TaneBoro KaHaTa, pacnonaraeTcR nep- 

IIeHAHKyJIRpHO K OCN 2 OCTaJIbHbIX UIKNBOB. KPOH~~OKA C HeCOOC- 

HbIM paCIIOJIOXeHNM UIKNBOB IlPNMeHRIOT B MarITOBbIX BbIUIKaX 

B YCTaHOBKaX C ~YPOBO~ ~1e6e~~ofi, ~~cIIoJIoX~HHO~ HAXe nOJIa 6y- 

POBO~~, AJIR Tor0 Y T O ~ ~OABIIXH~I~~ 

~ I 

KOHeU KaHaTa He UenJIRJI @ep- 

MbI MaYTbI, NJIA npFi UCnOJIb3OBaHkiki ACn C M~X~HA~APOB~HHO~ 

~ ~ C C T ~ H O Bc~e~efi. K O ~ ~ 

Ha pnc. 111.8 noKa3aH T ~ ~ X C ~ K ~ H OKPOH~JIOK H H ~ I ~ C HeCOOCHbIM 

pacnonoxeaweM ocefi, B KOTOPOM UIKNB I c OC~IO, nepneHAuKymp- 

H0fi K OCN OCTaJIbHbIX UIKNBOB, CMOHTNPOBaH Ha Onope 2, YCTaHOB- 

JIeHHOfi Ha nOJIKe PaMbI 3. Ase CeKUAN- TPeXUIKUBHaR 6 N ABYX- 

UIKkiBHaR 4-CMOHTNPOBaHbI Ha OnOpaX 5 Fi 7. KaX~b~fi UIKNB 

CMOHTNPOBaH Ha OCN Ha ABYX ~NJlAHAPNYeCKNX POJIAKOnOAUIA~HN- 

KaX, BHelrrHNe KOJIbUa KOTOPbIX ~~@AKCIIPOB~H~I B CTynlrUe UIKABa 

nPyXNHHhlM KOJIbUOM, a BHYTPeHHNe- Ha OCN paCnOPHbIMN KOJIb- 

UaMn. 

C ~ a 3 K a K IlOAUINIlHHKaM KaXAOrO UIKNBa IIOAaeTCR rIepe3 

npecc-~acne~~y no KaHany, npocsepneHHoMy B ocu. 

B ~a6n. 111.3 IIpNBeAeHbI XapaKTepACTNKN KPOH~JIOKOB, BbInyC- 

KaeMbIe no rOCT 25091-82 (CT C3B 2450-80). AH~JIN~NP~R 

3TN XapaKTepHCTNKN, MOXHO BNAeTb, YTO MaCCa KPOH~JIOKOB C ABY- 

MR COOCH~IMN OCRMN npu ~arpys~ax 3-5 MH Ha 30-80°/0 60JIbme, 

seM Macca OAHOOCHMX KOHCTP~KUN~~ npn aHanorarIHbrx ~arpys- 

KaX. ~ N P H H TaKNX ~ KPOH~JIOKOB Ha 10-15°/0 6onbme, YeM OAHO- 

OCHbIX. 

Tanesb~fi ~JIOK, RBJIRIO~N~CR IIOABNXHO~~ YaCTbIO ~aJIeB0fi CN- 

CTeMbI, IlpeAHa3HaYeH TaK Xe, KaK Pi KPOH~JIOK, AJIR BbInOJIHeHNR 

cno N ApyrNX pa60~, H~O~XOAHM~IX npH 6ype~nn CKBaXkiH. 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX IlPNMeHRIOT TaJIeBMe 6no~n AByX BN- 

AOB: OAHOOCHMe (BC~ UIKNBbI CMOHTNPOBaHbI Ha OAHO~~ OCN, YKpen-

M~KcuM~JI~H~R 

~arpys~a, MH 

qucno mKasoa 

Hua~e~p, MM: 

IIIKHBa IIO AH 

meno6a 

KaHaTa 

ocu UlKUBa 

ra6apu~b1, M: 

AnHHa 

BHCOT a 

mupuHa 

Macca, T 

JIe~~ofi B ~OKOB~IX U~K~X) N COOCHbIe C ABYMR OCRMU (AB~ C~OPKA 

IUKNBOB CMOHTMPOBaHbl KaXAaR OTAenbHO, a MeXAy OCRMN OCTaB- 

JleHO npOCTpaHCTB0 AJIR IIpOnyCKa CB~YM). Tane~b~fi 6no~ AOnXeH 

HMeTb MNHNMaJIbHbIe ra6ap1i~b1, OCO~~HHO IUNPNHY, TaK KaK OH 

ABNXeTCR BHYTPN BblUIKN B npOCTpaHcTse 

MexAy nanbsaMn ~arasn- 

HOB C ~YPNJI~H~IMN CBeYaMN, nO3TO- 

MY AOJIXHO 6bl~b 06ecneye~o MUHN- 

MaJIbHOe 6e3onac~oe PaCCTORHNe 7 

MeXAy ~JIOKOM N 3JIeMeHTaMU BbIIU- 

KN. 

OAHOOCHM~~ ~aJleBb1B 6no~ nOKa- fa 

3 a ~ Ha p~c. 111.9. Tane~b~fi 6no~ 

O~~IYHO BbInOJIHRIOT N3 ABYX CBap- 4 

HbIX ~OKOB~IX WeK 4, COeANHeHHbIX 

Hasepxy nonofi ~pasepcofi 9, a BHU- j 

3y - nonepe~~oB no~~ec~ofi 3, K KO- 

~opofi c ~OMOU~IO nanbgeB 2 npn- 2 

COeANHReTCR nOABeCKa 1, a B KPWKO- , 

6no~ax HenOCpeACTBeHHO Cab1 KpWI

B36T no aYpan~aurs 

- 

- F 

0 I- 0 " 5: 

0 

N : 0 

TIo~a3a~enh o o N N 3 f 

0 2 * * 5' '? 0 9 

4 4 4 0 4 4 

3 f rp rp rp rp ul 

ul rp b I- b I- I- b 

I- b b b b b b 

; b 

dMa~~lr~anb~afl 1,0 1,6 1,7 2,0 2,25 2,5 3,O 3,2 4,0 

riarpys~a, MH 

CIucno IIIKUBOB 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 

Dwa~e~p, 

MM: 

IIIKWBa no AHy 800 900 900 1140 1000 1140 1380 1280 1,380 

meno6a 

KaHaTa 25 28 28 32 32 32 38 35 38 

OCW IIIKUBa 140 170 170 220 220 220 260 260 380 

ra6apu~b1, 

M: 

~lrpu~a no 1,2 1,24 1,41 1,45 0,97 1,27 1,92 1,42 1,84 

WeKaM 

lulrpu~a no 0,62 0,80 1,09 1,36 1,17 1,41 1,57 1,44 1,57 

WeKaivi 

BbICOTa 2,05 2,11 2,3 2,63 2,22 2,57 3,17 2,35 2,96 

:Macca, T 1,22 2,48 4,4 7,3 3,2 6,7 10,3 9,6 12,5 

Ha OCb 7, Ha BOTOPO~~ Ha IIOALUUnHllKaX KaseHllH 6 CMOHTllPOBaHbI 

lUIKIIBbI 5. IlpeAOXpaHeHnH OT CMelQeHllH OCb C TOPUOB 3aKpen- 

JIeHa rafi~a~~ 8. UKWB~I 5 ~ J I O K 3aKpbITbI ~ 

KOXYXaMII 10, c~a6- 

XeHHbIMH npOpe3HMU AJIH IlpOXOAa CTPYH KaHaTa. 

B TaJIeBbIX CUCTeMaX C IIpUMeHeHlleM ACn IlClTOJIb3yIOT AByX- 

.CeKUUOHHbIe TaJIeBbIe 6no~n (~HC. III.lO), MeiKAy CeKUHHMW 1 W 4 

KOTOP~IX pacnonoxea xeno6 2 c npneMHbIM KOHYCOM 3, HanpaB- 

.JIHIO~Q~M ~ane~b~fi 6no~ npn ero nepeMeueann Bnonb csesn. 

B H H X H ~ saCTll ~ ~ lQeK BMOHTIlPOBaHbI ABe OCH 5 AJIH IIOABeCKll Tpa- 

J3epCbI 6. B TpaBepCe YCTaHOBJIeH Ha YnOpHOM IIOALUllIIHllKe 

CTaKaH 7 CO CKO~O~~-~OAB~CKO~~ 8, Pi~eIOlQefi IIpOyUlllHbI AJIH LUTPOnoB 

aBToMaTusecKoro snesaTopa nnn BepTnmra. C~o6a-non~ec~a 

~$WKCIIPY~TCR 3alQeJIK0fi. 

B ~a6n. 111.4 IlpIlBeAeHbI OCHOBHbIe XapaKTePIlCTIlKll TaJIeBbIX 

~AOKOB pasnws~b~x KOHCTPYKU~~~ 

2450-80). 

(rOCT 25091-82 CT C3B 

Eyp0~0fi KPIOK npeAHa3HaseH AJIH nOABeUlIlBaHIlH 6ypnJIb~b1~ W 

O~C~AH~IX KOJIOHH. B IlpOUeCCe 6ype~n~ KPIOK YAepXABaeT nOABeue~~b~fi 

Ha uITpone BepTnKanbHo nepe~errramunfic BepTnmr c spa- 

~aIOlQeficH 6ypFiJIb~ofi KOJIOHHO~~; BOCnpllHIlMaeT Kp~~HlQllfi MOMeHT, 

~03~FiKaIOlQFifi Ha OIIOpe BepTJIIOra npll BpalQeHHPi 6ypnJIb~ofi KOJIOH-

H ~ POTOPOM; I 06ecne~n~ae~ aBToMaTWrIecKoe 3annpa~ne qeHTpanb- 

Horo pora nocne BBona B Hero uwpona BepTnmra, KorAa BeAyuaR 

~py6a HaxonaTcR B ruypae npn nepexone OT CIIO K 6ype~~m. NJIN, 

H ~ O ~ O ~ OOCBO~OXA~~T T , 

LUTpOn BepTnIora C ~enyuefi ~py60fi, YCTa- 

~asn~lnae~ofi B mypa npx nepexone OT 6 y p e K ~ CnO; ~ ~ HaAexHO 

ynepxnsaeT B aese KpIoKa ruTpon BepTnIora npu ~ ~ e s a ocTa- n ~ ~ x 

HOBKaX B CKBaXNHe cny~~aeM0fi KOJIOHHbI. 

np~ CnO KPIOK 06ecnequ~ae~: HaAexHoe yAepxaHAe ruTponoB 

npN CnyCKe N noA'beMe 6ypNJIb~0fi MJIN O ~ C ~ A HKOJIOHHbI; O ~ ~ JIer~Nfi 

noBopoT M MaHnnynnpoBaHHe B npoqecce saxsa~a NM N oc~060x~e- 

HWFI c~e~efi; pa3rPY3Ky pe3b6 3-3MKOBbIX CO~AHH~HN~~ OT BeCa CBerIN 

npki ee OTBNHrINBaHNN OT 6ypNJIb~0fi KOJIOHHH; ~BTOM~TN~I~CKH~~ 

npNnOA'beM 

OTBNH~I~HHO~~ OT KOJIOHHbI CBerIN (npN ee non'be~e) Ha BbI- 

COTY, HeCKOJIbKO 60nblll~10 AJIHHbI ~ ~ M K O Bpe3b6b1; O ~ ~ aBTOMaTNYe- 

CKYIO ycTaHoBKy snesaTopa B aana~~ofi nosnq~w AnR saxsa~a osepen~ofi 

csew ~3-3a nanbqa B~IIIIKN NJIN npA non%eMe A m OCBO~OX- 

AeHNR CBerIN. 

6yp0~0fi KPIOK COCTONT N3 TPeX POFOB: ABYX ~OKOB~IX N OAHOrO 

UeHTpaJIbHOrO. Ue~~paJIb~bIfi pOr KpIOKa CJIyXNT AJIR 3aXBaTa UTpona 

BepTnrora, Asa ~OKOBMX - AJIR 3ax~a~a ruTponoB snesaTopa, s ~ o 

nO3BOJIReT ~~ICTPO CHNMaTb N HaAeBaTb Ha KPIOK BePTJIIOr npN nepexone 

OT 6ype~NR K CIIO. IIPN TOM wTponH snesaTopa ocTaIoTcR 

BlrceTb Ha KpIoKe, ~ITO 06~1ersae~ pa6o~y nepcoHana. B Kopnyce 

KpIOKa pa3MeuaIOT yn0p~b1fi ~OAUNI~HNK, CTBOJI, nPYXNHY, aMOPTN- 

3aTOp N APYrNe YCTPO~~CTB~. 

~oAIIIN~HAK CJIYXUT AJIR 06ecnese~~~ JIerKOCTN nOBOpOTa KPm- 

Ka npH saxsa~e csesefi ux CBmsmaHmi BO B p e m CIIO. npy- 

XMHa H~O~XOAIIM~ AJIR aBTOMaTHrIeCKOr0 U3BJIerIeHNR HNnneJIR W3 

M Y ~ T 3aMKa ~ I CBerIN npN ee OTBNHrIHBaHNU. XOA KPIOKa S HeCKOJIbKO 

6onbrue AJINHbI pe3b6b1 3aMKa (OT 127 A0 254 MM), a yCNJIkie npy- 

XNHbI 60nbwe BeCa CBeW (B pa3XaTOM COCTORHAN OT 13 A0 30 KH, 

B CXaTOM OT 25 A0 50 KH). 

rN~pa~JIkirIec~Nfi aMOPTN3aTOP H~O~XOAEIM AJIR TOrO, 9~06b1 NCK- 

JIIOrINTb nOACKOK CBerIN N nOprIy ee pe3b6b1 nOCJIe pa3BMHrINBaHNR. 

KPIOK C H ~ ~ X ~ I On03U~NOHepOM, T 

YCTaHaBJINBaIOuNM HeHarPYXeH- 

~b1fi NJIM H ~ ~ P Y X ~ HOAHO~~ H ~ I ~BerI0fi ~ ~ Ue~TpaJIb~b~fi pOr B nOJIOXe- 

Hkie, yno6~oe nnR pa60~b1 BepxHero pa6osero npN 3axsa~e Nnw oc~o- 

~OXA~HNN snesaTopa OT or~epen~oii cBerIn npH CIIO. 

~PMM~HRIOT 6yp0Bb1e KPIOKN TpeX BPiAOB: UI~PH~~PAO~O COeAHHe- 

HNR C TaJIeBbIM ~JIOKOM; XeCTKOTO COeAMHeHNR C TaJIeBbIM ~JIOKOM, 

HNXIIRR rIacTb KoToporo cneqllanbao npwcnoco6ne~a nnR ~TO~O; 

C YHNBepCaJIbHbIM KOpnyCOM, nO3BOJIRIOuNM COeANHRTb KPIOK C Ta- 

JIeBbIM ~JIOKOM KaK XeCTKO, TaK Pi IIIaPHNPHO. 

KPIOKN, XeCTKO COeANHeHHbIe C TaJIeBbIM ~JIOKOM, Ha3bIBaIOT 

KPIOKO~JIOK~MEI. OHN, COCTaBJIRR KaK 6b1 OAHO UeJIOe, NMeIOT 3HarINTeJIbH0 

MeHbrUYIO BbICOTY N B TO Xe BpeMR O ~ J I ~ A ~ TaKMMN I ~ T Xe 

TeXHOJIOrNrIeCKNMN KarIeCTBaMN, KaK M 06bIrI~bIe KPIOKN. 

Puc. III. 11. Tpexpornk nn~oir KPIOK EK- 160 

OAHO~O~H~ 

KPIOKN NCIIOJIb3YIOT B nepeABNXHbIX Gyposb~x YCTa- 

HOBKaX H~~OJI~ILIO~~ MOWHOCTN, KOrAa MaCCa KpIOKa N UTpOnOB He- 

60nbru~e N UlTPOnbI MOXHO JIerKO CHNMaTb. 

no cnoco6y M3TOTOBJIeHNR KPIOKN nOAPa3AeJIRIOTCR Ha KOBaHhIe, 

COCTaBHbIe IIJIaCTkiHrIaTbIe N JINTbIe N3 CTaJIM. ~ Y P O B ~ KPIOKW I ~ N3 

CTaJIbHOrO JIMTbR nPNMeHRIOT AJIR MaKCNMaJIbHbIX HaTPY30K 1,2- 

1,6 MH; AJIR 6onbruax HarPy3OK NCIIOJIb3yIOT COCTaBHbIe nJIaCTNHsaTbIe 

KPIOKM. nN~b1e KPIOKN 3HasNTeJIbHO JIerrIe U y~o6~ee KoBa- 

HbIX N nJIaCTNHrIaThIX. 

Ue~~paJIb~bIfi pOr AMeeT 3eB MAHNMaJIbHbIX pa3MepOB, YTO YMeHbmaeT 

HanpRxeHm ~3r~6a M ~O~BOJIR~T BbInonHHTb Teno KproKa 

MeHbUerO CeseHNR. B TO Xe BpeMR 3aueJIKa UeHTPaJIbHOTO POra 

AOJIXHa 6b1~b 60JIb~10fi AJINHbI AJIR yno6c~sa 3aBOAa UTpOIIa BepTnmra 

B 3e~ K p m a npM noA'beMe ~e~yueii ~py6b1 113 ruypaa. 

87

Tpexpornii C T ~ J I ~ HJIEi~ofi O ~ ~ KPIOK C YHMBepCanbHhlM KOPIIYCOM, 

Ha Harpy3Ky 1,6 MH, N3rOTOBJlReT B3BT (pnc. 111.1 1). 

TOT KPIOK MOXeT 6hl~b COeAIlHeH C TaJIeBbIM ~JIOKOM KaK XeCTKO 

sacTu Kopnyca, TaK w 

paccsw~a~~~ii 

npu noMoWn AByx npoyruuH A B sepx~eii 

UapHIlpHO sepe3 Cepbry. B 3TOM CJIyqae K IIpOyUIlHaM KpenkiTCR 

XOMYT B. TOT KPIOK MOXeT 6hl~b BCIIOJIb30BaH C JIIO~~IM TaJIeBbIM 

~JIOKOM. 

JIn~oii ~pexpornii KPIOK 1 ruapHnpHo npnKpenneH K cTBony 3 npn 

nowown ocn 19 n nMeeT 3a1qen~y 2 3e~a 60nbmoii AnnHbI c nerKoynpaBJIReMbIM 

aBTOMaTHseCKM 3aKpbIBaIOUHMCR 3anOpHbIM yc~pofi- 

CTBOM. 3aWeJI~a 3eBa IieHTpaJIbHOrO POra MOXeT 6b1~b OTKPbITa 

TOJIbKO OnepaTOpOM. ~ O K O B POra ~ I ~ OTJIIlTbI 3aOAHO C TeJIOM KpIOKa, 

H 3eBbI HX 3aKPbIBaIOTCR CepbraMIl 17 Ha 6on~ax 18. B H U X H ~ saCTU ~ ~ 

KOpnyCa 7 HMeeTCR KaK 6~31 CKOIU~HH~I~~ BbICTYIl, KOTOPH~~ aBTOMaTHsewn 

BXOAHT B ymy6ne~ne nosuuuo~epa 5, KpennTcR rafi~oii 4 n 

@IIKCIIPY~TCR CTOIIOPaMH 6 Id 9. npI4 CXaTIIH npYXNH 14 ki 15 HeHarpyXeHHOr0 

KplOKa KOpnyC er0 YCTaHaBJIMBaeTCR aBTOMaTHZIeCKH B 

3a~a~~oe onepaTopoM nonoxeane ueHTpanbaoro pora. CTBO~ K~IO- 

Ka B ~epx~eii sacTn nMeeT yTonrueHne n npn ~arpy3~e onapaeTcR 

Ha @JIaHub1 CTaKaHOB 13 Fi 16 YIIOpHOrO UapIlKOnOAWFinHIlKa 8. 

B HeHarpyXeHHOM COCTORHHH CTBOJI OIIHPaeTCR Ha IIPYXIIHY, YCMJIHe 

Ha KOTOPYKI nepeAaeTcR AH,CKOM 10 c KPMUKO~~ 11 rnApaBnnsecKoro 

YBCJO ILIKBBOB 1 3 1 4 1 - I - I - 

npyxuew KH 

B~ICOT~, M 

UIupn~a, M: 

no rnasno~y pory 

no ~OKOBUM poraM 

Pa~iiyc B ~ ~ N ~ HKP~K~, U R M 

Macca, T 

- 

- 

- 

- 

0,93 

3,29 

0,61 

0,66 

0,355 

1,27 

2,35 

0,98 

0,56 

0,665 

2,9 

2,6 

1,1 

0,56 

0,665 

3,50 

4,lO 

1,Ol 

0,67 

0,8 

4,80 

a~op~n3a~opa 12, ncKnIoqarouero noAcKoK KproKa npn pa3~n~sasa- 

ZIHH CBeqN. 

I(~I~KO~JIOK 

MOXeT 6hl~b CKOMnOHOBaH N3 KpIOKa N TaJIeBOrO 

6no~a B 3aBWCWMOCTN OT PaCnOJIaraeMOrO O~~PYAOB~HNR. 

Tpexporne nnacTuHsaTbIe KPIOKN c60p~oii KOHCT~~KUNN 60nb~oii 

rPY30IIOA%eMHOCTH BbIIIYCKaIOTCR no

npa~PiJIb~0fi ero H~BUBKH. CJIeAyeT OTMeTNTb, rlTO 3TU np~cnoco6ne- 

HNR B OCHOBHOM C ~ O C O ~ C T B IIJI~BHO~ 

~ ~ ~ T HaBUBKe KaHaTa, HO He 

YKJIaAbIBaIoT er0 B OnpeAeneHHOM IIOpHAKe. T a ~ ~ i e 

yCTaHaBJIUBaIoT Ha BCeX ~YPOBMX YCTaHOBKaX, qTO 06ecnes~~ae~ He 

np~cnoco6ne~~n 

TonbKo nyrlulyro yKnaAKy KaHaTa, HO u coKpa4ae-r ero pacxon. 

Ha PUC. 111.13 nOKa3aHO npucnoco6ne~ue AJIR HaBNBKU KaHaTa 

nHK-1, cocToRuee 113 c~a6wn~3a~opa I, sepes KOTOP~I~~ npoxoAnT 

KOHeU KaHaTa 7, pOJINKOB 3 U 4, CUCTeMbI TPOCOB 5 U 6 AJIR YAepXa- 

HUH C T ~ ~ U J I N ~ Ha ~ TH~O~XOANMO~~ O ~ ~ 

BbICOTe. ~ J I E I H MOHTaXHOrO 

~ 

Puc. 111.13. npucnoco6neaue ana HasusKrr Tanesoro KaHaTa IIHK-I 

TpOCa 5 n03BOnReT CnyCKaTb c~a6Nnki3a~op Ha nOn 6yp0~0fi AJIH 

OCMOTpa Pi PeMOHTa. K 3TOMY TpOCy npIl nOMO4U KaHaTa 8 Pi POAN- 

KOB 2 IIOABeUleHhI IIPOTUBOBeCbI 9, C~OCO~CTBYW~N~ 6onee ~ J I ~ B H o ~ 

HaBUBKe KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~. 

C T ~ ~ N J I U ~ I ~ cocToaT T O ~ 143 CBapHoro Kopnyca c npacnocob~~e- 

HURMN AJIR npMKpenJIeHNR TPOCOB IIpOTUBOBeCa. B eP0 KOpnyCe B 

AByX B3aNMHO IIepneHAUKyJIRpHbIX IIJIOCKOCTRX yCTaHOBneHb1 Ha mapNKOnOAulIlnHUKaX 

BOCeMb POJIUKOB 10, MeXAY KOTOPbIMN ABNXeTCH 

~aJIe~b1fi KaHaT. H~~OABIIXH~I~~ 

KOHeU MOHTaXHOrO TpOCa 11 KpellUTCR 

3aXUMaMU K HNXHeMy PaMHOMY IIORCy BblulKU. PO~HK 4 3a- 

KpenJIReTCR Ha BbICOTe 12-15 M OT nOna 6yp0~0fi B cpe~~efi nnOC- 

KOCTU 6apa6a~a ne6e~~u. no TaKOMy Xe IIPHHUUIIY pa60~ae~ H PHA 

ApyrUX KOHCTPYK~U~~ 3TUX np~cnoco6ne~~ii.

5 6.3KCllJIYATAUUR TAJIEBMX CUCTEM 

,&ia~e~p KaHaTa n WiCJIO CnpyH B OCHaCTKe B~I~HP~IOT C YseTOM 

MaKCHMaJlbHO BO~MOXHO~~ HaTPY3KII Ha KpIOKe, IIpH KOTOPO~~ 6b1~ 6b1 

ABO~~HO~ sanac IIPO~IHOCTA, a npn CnO -~pofi~ofi, ~an~~ro~~eii- 

IUHM RBJIReTCR s e ~ b l p e X - n H ~ ~ ~ ~ 3anaC. p a ~ ~ b ~ f i 

K ~ H ~eo6xo~~~oii 

~ T 

IIpOsHOCTIl AOJIXeH MMeTb AHaMeTp, COOT- 

B~TCTBYIO~I~~~ AHaMeTPY xe~106a LLIKABOB TaJIeBOrO 6no~a Pi KPOH- 

6no~a. 

~ P N M ~ H RB T TaJIeBbIX ~ 

CHCTeMaX KaHaTbI C AHaMeTpOM 6onbrue 

pacseTHoro ~ e n b BBHA~ s ~ BO~MOXHOCTH ero 3aue~ne~n~ B xen06ax 

LLIKHBOB Ei ~~ICTPO~O kI3HOCa. ~ O I I ~ C K ~ ~ IlpIlMeHeHlIe T C R KaHaTOB &Ha- 

PUC. 111.14. C X ~ KP~CTOBO~ 

M ~ OCHaCTKN 5x6 T ~ J I ~ BCNCTeMbI: o ~ 

MeTPOM MeHbLLIe PaCrIeTHOrO Ha Heo6xo~n~b1fi AJIR OCHaCTKH 

a - ~ ~BOACKO~ 6apa6a~; 6 - 3aulH~Han Tpy6a: 13 - ~ exa~u3~a KpenneHun H~IIOABHXHOB 

CTPYH~I KauaTa; 1 - 6apa6a~ ne6eA~~; 1-6 - IIIKHB~I K ~ O H ~ ~ I-V O K - ~ rnKnshl ; Tanesoro 

KaHaT no~6npam~ IIO IIaCnOpTy Pi npOBepRIoT COOTBeTCTBHe MapKH- 

6no~a 

POBKIl Ha 609~e 6apa6a~a IIaCnOpTHbIM AaHHbIM, OCMaTpIlBaIOT Ka- 

I 

HaT B COOTBeTCTBHH C IIHCTPYK~~I~~~ H COCTaBJIRIOT aKT IIPNeMKII, 0 

BaTenbHocTs, nc~nmsamueii nepeKpeumaHne KaHaTa a TpeHne ero 

seM AeJIaloT COOTBeTCTByIOuHe 3anIlCll B ~YPOBOM XypHaJIe. 

CTPYH APYr 0 Apyra. B HaCTORuee BpeMR CO3AaHO HeCKOJIbKO TNIIOL? 

@~KTHY~CKH~~ KO~@@H~H~HT 3anaCa npOrIHOCTN KaHaTa IIpOBepH- 

OCHaCTKW. nepe~ TeM KaK IIpkiCTyIIIlTb K OCHaCTKe CHCTeMbI ~eo6xo- 

IOT nyTeM CpaBHeHHR arpera~~~ii npOsHOCTN KaHaTa, y~a3a~~ofi B 

AWMO OnPeAeJINTb rIIlCn10 IUKHBOB B TaJIeBOM 6no~e, THn KaHaTa, AHa- 

IIaCIIOpTe, C ~a~60nbIUefi B~PORTH~O~~ ~arpJJ3~0fi Ha KaHaT. 

MeTp H pa3pbIBHOe yCN.JINe KaHaTa. ,&ia~e~p KaHaTa AOJIXeH COOT- 

AnR OCMOTpa 6 0 9 C ~ KaHaTOM ~ YCTaHaBnNBaIOT Ha K03JIbI Pi Bpa- 

BeTCTBOBaTb pa3Mepy KaHaBOK IIIKMBOB TaJIeBOrO 6no~a ki K~oH~JIouamT 

6apa6a~ no cTpenKe, y~a3a~~oii Ha 60r1~e. npn nepeMoTKe 

Ka. ~ P ~ M Y P ~ H Arny6o~ux N 

CKBaXNH, KOrAa r~iy6n~a eUe ~e60nb- 

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nPOBOART nepeOCHaCTKy A0 nOJIHOr0 IlCnOnb3OBaHHR BCeX LLIKHBOB. 

XaTb HX PaCKPY~IIBaHIIR. KOH~~I 3aAeJIbIBaIOT IIJOTHO~~ H~MOTKO~~ OAH~KO nepeocHacTKa TpynoeMKa N He BcerAa ~enecoo6pa3~a. 

B R ~ ~ J I ~ IIpOBOJIOKN. 

H O ~ 

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H o ~ b ~ KaHaT i i CJIeAyeT XPaHWTb Ha 6apa6a~e B IIOMeIIieHHH HJIH 6erana Ha onnH 143 cpeAHnx LLIKHBOB. B CncTeMax ACn CTPYH~I KanoA 

HaBecoM, HcKnmsaIounM nonaAaHHe BnarN B 6apa6a~. Pxa~~e HaTa He AOJIXHH MemaTb cnycKy TaneBoro 6no~a c ~axon~ueiiccr 

KaHaTbI NJIII KaHaTbI, AMeIOuBe ReIIJIOTHOCTH CBABKU np~~efi, no- 

B HeM ~ ~ e r l ~ H f ~ i . I I ~ ~ B H J I BblnOJIHeHHaR ~ H O 

OCHaCTKa MOXeT BbI3BaTb 

PBaHHbIe IIPOBOJIOKH Pi Apyrkle A ~ @ ~ K T K ~ 3KCnJlyaTaUUM I 

He AOny- 

TpeHIle KaHaTOB HJIN 3aKpysNBaHHe TaJIeBOrO 6no~a, sT0 MOXeT npH- 

CKaIOTCR. 

BeCTN K aBaPMM. 

C~U~CTB~~T 

ABa TNna OCHalCTOK: IIapaJlJleJIbHaR, KOrAa OCb Ta- 

JIeBOrO 6no~a IIapaJIJIeJIbHa OCH K~OH~JOK~, N KpeCTOBaR, KOrAa OCH 

TaneBOrO no 6no~a n K ~ O H ~ A OIIepIIeHAHKyJIRpHbI. K ~ 

Han6onee pacnpo- 

Mepe yBeJNrIeHkiR my611~b1 CKBaXHH BeC ~YPNJI~H~IX KOJIOHH, 

CTpaHeHa KpeCTOBaR OCHaCllKa 

KOTOPhIe IIPHXOAHTCR CnYCKaTb N IIOAHAMaTb, YBeJIUrIIIBaeTCR, a (~Hc. 111.14). OH^ HMeeT TO IIpeHMy- 

MaK- 

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uec~~o, ~ITO ncKnmaeT sa~pysn~a~ne TaneBoro 6no~a a TpeHne 

CTPYHbI TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa Ha 

CTPYH KaHaTa 6apa6a~ J'I~~~AKM OCTaeTCR IIpaKTIlrIeCKkI H ~ U ~ M ~ H(OKOJIO H O ~ ~ 20 Apyr o Apyra. 

M/C) 

OCH~CTKY OCYueCTBJIRIOT CJIeAyIOUIIM 06pa30~. ~YXTY KaHaTa 

AJIR ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK Pa3HbIX KJIaCCOB. ~ O ~ T O MAJIR Y KaXA0fi 

YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT Ha MeTaJIJIHseCKyIO OCb ~~HCIIOCO~JI~HHH, 

YCTaHOBKIl IIPHMeHHlOT TaneByIO CkiCTeMy CO C B O KPaTHOCTbIo ~ 

no- 

pacnono- 

XeHHOrO nOA nOJIOM 

JIHCnaCTa OT 4-x A0 14. TO 6yp0~0fi, Pi COeAlIHRIoT KOHeU TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa 

AOCTBraeTCR IIpIlMeHeHAeM pa3JIHrIHbIX 

C KOHUOM IleHbKOBOrO BCnOMOraTeJIbHOrO KaHaTa. 

ocnacToK 2x3; 3x4; ...; 7x8 (s~ecb nepsaR sn@pa - sncno rum- 

3 a ~ PaCKpeIIJIR- e ~ 

IOT 

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~ O OCH~CTKO~~ 

A 

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AOBaTeJIbHO IIpOIIyCKaIOT 

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IUKWBbI 6 K ~ O H ~ ~ N OV K TaneBoro 

~ 

nocnego-

6no~a, 1 K~OH~JIOK~ N I TaneBoro 6no~a, 3aTeM 5-IV-2-11-4, 

KaK no~a3a~o Ha puc. 111.14. 

Kor~a KOHeu TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa CO UIKNBa 4 AOCTNrHeT IIOJIa 6y- 

POBO~, OTCOeAUHRIoT IIe~b~O~blfi KaHaT, a KOHeU ~e~y~efi CTPyHhI 

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6apa6a~a ne6en~n 11 HaMaTbIBaIoT Ha 6apa6a~ ne6en~a BOCeMb - 

AeCRTb BNTKOB. nepe~ 3TNM H~IIoABHXH~I~ KOHeU TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa 

AonxeH 6b1~b 3axa~ B M ~ X ~ H I I KpenneHnx, ~ M ~ nocne sero cspenna- 

IOT er0 6apa6a~ C KOHCOnbHbIM PbI'iarOM N TaPIlPYIOT AaTYNK N NH. 

AAKaTOp BeCa UHCTPYMeHTa. 

AJIHH~ TaJIeBOrO KaHaTa B OCHaCTKe Lot 3aBHCNT OT YIlCJIa CTPYH 

B~ICOTM B~IUIKH hn, 

U T B ~ ~efi 

u nones~ofi 

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qac~b ero, KOTOPaR B IIpOqeCCe CnO HaMaTbIBaeTCR Ha 6apa6a~, 

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CTPYHbl 

KaHaTa. I

npunonXeMa 6ypUJIb~0fi KonoHHbI u ~py6 npn ~apauusaHun; 

nepenasu spaweHun po~opy; 

CBUHsABaHUR U Pa3BAHrIUBaHNR TPY~; 

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MeHTa, O~O~~AOB~HUR, ~py6 U np.; 

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~ O A % ~ M H ~ Ban I R JI~~~AKU, nonysaR spaweme OT Knn, npeo6pa- 

~ O B ~ I B BpauaTenbHoe ~ ~ T 

AsnxeHue cunoBoro npuBona B nocTyna- 

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sa~penne~ Ha 6apa6a~e nonaeMHoro sana. Harpyxe~~bIii KPIOK noA- 

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~py6, a CnycKaeTCR nOA A ~ ~ ~ C T BCO~CTB~HHO~O A ~ M 

BeCa ~py6 UJIH TaneBoro 

~JIOK~, KpmKa u snesaTopa, Korna 3nesa~op onycKaeTcR BHU~ 

3a osepen~oii csesoii. 

JIe6e~~u 

CH~~X~IOTCH YCTPO~~CTB~MN AJIR nOABOAa MOIUHOCTU 

IIpU nOA%eMe KOnOHHbI U TOPMO3HHMN YCTPO~~CTB~MN IlOmO~eHUH 

oc~o60~~a1014e~c~ 

sHeprnu npu ee cnycee. Ann nosbIrueHuR K. n. A. 

BO BPeMR nOA%eMa KpIOKa C HeHarpyXeHHbIM 3JIeBaTOpOM UJIU KO- 

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MHO~OCKO~OCTH~IMB. nepe~nmse~ne c ~b~crueii CKOPOCTU Ha HU~IIIYIO 

U 06~~3~~0 

OCy~eCTBJIReTCR (PPU~K~UOHH~IMU OnepaTUBHbIMN MY@T~- 

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Ty BpeMeHU Ha 3TU OnepaUUU. BO BpeMR IIOAaeMa KOJIOHH pa3JIUY- 

Horo Beca CKOPOCTA B ~opo6~ax nepenas nepeKnmsamT nepwonu- 

YecKu. Onepa~~~~oro ynpaBneHuR CKO~OCTRMN KOPO~KU He ~pe6yeTCR. 

B ~~BUCHMOCTU OT CKOPOCTU cnycKa unu nonaeMa KpmKa u sucna 

OCHaCTKe KaHaT Ha 6apa6a~ ne6en~u HaBUBaeTCR 

CTPYH B T~JI~Bo~~ 

U CBHBaeTCR C Pa3JIUYHbIMU CKOPOCTRMU. CKOPOCT~ KpIOKa IIPU Ilona- 

eMe KonoHH 60nbworo Beca BO B p e m TexHonorusecKux onepasuii 

( ~ ~ C X ~ X H B ~ JIUKBUAaUUR H H ~ , OCJIOXHeHUR N aBapUfi B CKB~XNH~) 

COCTaBJIReT 0,15-0,25 M/C, a UHOrAa U MeHbIIIe. ~ T CKOPOCTU H 

Ha- 

3bIBaIOTCR TeXHOJIOrU'ieCKNMU, a CKOPOCTU IIOA'beMa ~YPHJI~H~IX KOnoHH 

H HeHarpyxeHHoro snesaTopa npu CnO U~M~HRIOTCR OT 0,5 

A0 1,8 M/C U Ha3bIBaIOTCR TeXHNqeCKNMN. 60JIee BbICOKUe CKOPOCTH 

nOA%eMa YXyAIIIaIOT yCJI0BUR HaMOTKU KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~ U He 

AaIOT CyI4eCTBeHHOrO BbIUrPbIIIIa BO BpeMeHU. 

CKOPOCTU 

CnyCKa KOAOHH OnPeAeJIRIOTCR NX BeCOM, AJINHO~ Ei TeX- 

HOJIOTH9eCKUMU YCJIOBURMU CKBaXUHbI. Hau6onbrua~ CKOPOCTb CnyC- 

Ka ~ Y P H ~ ~ H KOJOHH M X O~~IYHO He npeBbIIIIaeT 3 M/C, HaIlMeHbLUaR 

npu cnycKe o6can~b1x KonoHH 0,2 M/C. B npoqecce 6ype~llR c no- 

MOUbIO JIe6eA~ki nOAaeTCR 6ypUJIb~aR KOnOHHa CO CKOpOCTbIO A0 

1,5 M/MNH. 

npki IIOn'beMe KOnOHHbI KaHaT HaBUBaeTCR Ha 6apa6a~ ne6en~u 

n0A A ~ ~ ~ C T B CUJ'IbI M ~ M TRXeCTU B~efi KOJIOHHbI, a CBNBaeTCR IIpU CnyC- 

Ke HeHarpyxeHHoro snesaTopa c H~~OJI~LUUM HaTxxeHneM. B npo- 

UeCCe CnYCKa KOAOHH KaHaT HaBUBaeTCR npki H~~oJI~UIOM HaTRXeHNA 

A 60nb~0fi CKOPOCTU, a CBNBaeTCR IIOn A ~ ~ ~ C T B BeCa H ~ M Bcefi KOJIOH- 

HbI. TO co3nae~ TRxenbIe yCJlOBUR pa6o~b1 KaHaTa, U OH ~HCTPO 

U3HaUIUBaeTCR, OCO~~HHO IIpU MHO~OCJIO~~HO~~ HaBUBKe Ha 6apa6a~. 

MOQHOCT~, nepenaBaeMaR Ha ne6en~y, xapa~~epmye~ OcHoBHHe 

3KCnnYaTaUUOHHO-TeXHU9eCKUe ee CBO~~CTB~ U RBJIReTCR KJI~ccU@U- 

K~UHOHH~IM napaMeTpoM. 

~ ~ U C O ~ ~ U H N T pa3MepbI ~ J I ~ H 6yp0~0fi 

~ I ~ ne6en~~: AUaMeTp TaJIe- 

BOrO KaHaTa; PaCCTORHUe OT CepeAMHbI 6apa6a~a A0 UeHTpa 3Be3- 

AOSKU, ~ C T ~ H O B ~ ~ Ha H HBany O ~ ~ POTOpa. A H ~ M KaHaTa ~ T ~ AOJIXeH 

COOTBeTCTBOBaTb pa3MepaM KaHaBOK Ha H ~ ~ Y X HIlOBepXHOCTU O ~ ~ 6apa6a~a 

ne6en~u N: pa3~epa~ KaHaBoK LUKUBOB ~ane~oii CncTeMbI. 

B CJIyqae HeCOOTBeTCTBUR KaHaT 6 y A e ~ ~~ICTPO U3HaUINBaTbCR. Ha- 

PyILIeHUe 6a30~01-0 PaCCTORHUR OT CepeAUHbI 6apa6a~a no UeHTpa 

POTOPHO~~ 3Be3AO'iKU BbI30BeT 6bl~~pbIfi BbIXOA 113 CTPOR UenN npU- 

BOAa POTOpa li npaKTUseCKU CneJIaeT HeB03MOXHbIM HOPMaJIbHOe 6y- 

PeHUe CKBaXUHbI POTOPHbIM CIIOCO~OM. 

COB~~M~HH~I~ 

OTeseCTBeHHbIe 6yp0~b1e ne6en~n B OCHOBHOM BbI- 

IIOJIHRIOTCR no AByM KOMIIOHOBOYHbIM CXeMaM: 

ne6en~a CO BCeMU KOMIIOHYIO~NMU C~OPK~MII MOHTNPYeTCR Ha 

OAHOR 0614eii paMe; ~ T U ne6en~u u M e m O~HH r n a ~ ~ h Ban, ~ i i npnBonli~blfi 

B ABHXeHUe UenHbIMU TPaHCMUCCURMU OT KOPO~KN nepeAaq 

(JIE-750, JEY-1100, JIEY-1700 u ~p.) ; 

ne6e~~a 

AByX- U TpeXBaJIbHbIe J I ~ ~ ~ A KB U KOTOPbIX , 

CO~CTB~HHO 

coBMeueHa c K~~ u npencTasnReT co6oii OAUH arperaT (Y2-2-11, 

Y2-5-5 n fip.). 

Ha PUC. IV.1 nOKa3aHa OAHOBaJIbHaR ne6en~a fib-750, CMOHTU- 

POBaHHaR Ha o614eii PaMe 1 C BCnOMOraTeJIbHbIM TOPM030M 7 I1 CTaHuuefi 

ynpasneHnR 8. 3 ~ ne6en~a a 

uMeeT rna~~b~ii Ban c 6apa6a- 

HOM 5, UeIIHbIe TPaHCMUCCUU 3 U 6, rnaB~b1fi TOPM03 4 ki TOpM03HYIO 

PYKORTKY 2, KOTOPaR CJIyXEiT AJIR YnpaBJIeHllH ne6en~oii C IIOCTa 

6ypanbuu~a. 

Ha pnc. IV.2 npuseneH n o n % e ~ ~ b arpera-r, ~ i i coc~o~unfi 

~ ~ O K O- B OAHOB~JI~HO~~ 6yp0~0ii ne6en~n JbY-1100 4 u I

llocasarena 

HOMHH~JI~H~R MOW 

HOCT~, KBT 

rJIy6HHa 6ype~FiR, 

M 

AH~M~T~ 

~ a ~ a ~ 25 a , 

MM 

Pas~epbl 6apa6a~a, 

M: 

AHaMeTp 

AJlHHa 

iI~cno PRAOB Ha- 

MOTKH KaHaTa 

AJIHH~ 

~ a 200 - 

~ a ~ a ~ a , 

MaTblBaeMoro 

M 

Ha 

6apa6a~, 

q~cno c~opoc~efi 4 

HaMOTKH KaHaTa 

~ ~ C T OBpaIUeHHR, T ~ 

O~/MHH: 

MaKCUMaJlbHaR 

MWHHMaJIbHaR 

CKOPOCT~ HaMOTKH 

KaHaTa, M/C 

MaKCUMaJlbHaR 

MHHHMaJlbHaR 

Ma~cFi~aJIbHoe Ha- 

TRXeHHe KaHaTa, 

a 

~ H ~ M TOPM03HO- 

~ T P 

PO UIKWBB, M 

~LIHPHH~ KOJIOAKH, 

M 

ra6apFiTbI, M: 

AJlUHa 

IUHPHHa 

BblCOTa 

Macca. T 

1 

Jl6-400 1 Jl6-750 

B36T 

400 

1600 

0,6 

0,866 

3 

420 

85 

1590 

3,O 

125 

1 ~ 00 

0,23 

- 

10,O 

550 

2500 

28 

0,7 

1,2 

3 

320 

4* 

410 

40 

13,6 

1,36 

200 

1,18 

0,25 

5,37 

2.78 

2,89 

13,18 

lIO aYpan~am~ 

WY-,200~ 1 Jl6Y-1100 1 WY-1700 I WY-3000 

700 1000 1530 22 00 

,QBYX- N TpeXBaJIbHbIe ne6en~u B HaCTORuee BpeMR IIOsTN He N3- 

FOTOBJIRIOTCR, HO Ha ~e@~enpo~~cnax OHH eue npwMeHRIoTcR. 

B ~a6n. IV.1 IIpIlBeAeHa TeXHIlseCKaR XapaKTepHCTHKa ~YPOBHX 

I J'I~~~AOK, cepNfi~0 BbIIIyCKaeMbIX O T ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ IIpOMHLUJIeHHOCTbIo. 

H H O ~ ~ 

B ~ YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX nOCTieAHNX TNIIOB JIe6eA~a PaCIIOJIOXeHa 

HNXe IIOJIa 6yp0~0fi, a AJIR BbIIIOJIHeHNR BCIIOMOraTeJIbHbIX Onepa- 

/ unii (pac~penne~ue 6ypunb~b1x ~ py6 npw NX nonXeMe w3 CKBaxN- 

HhI, nOATaCKIlBaHIle B 6ypoBy1o MeJIKHX rPYSOB, CBNHsNBaHNe o6caa- 

3200 

28 

0,65 

0,340 

4 

320 

6 

360 

50 

16,4 

2,1 

217 

1,18 

0,25 

7,23 

3,53 

2,78 

18,9 

5000 

32 

0,75 

1,35 

4 

320 

6* 

430 

50 

20,2 

2,3 

290 

1,45 

0,25 

7,78 

4,77 

2,43 

26,20 

6500 

35 

0,835 

1,445 

4 

320 

6* 

400 

65 

18,6 

3,O 

340 

1,45 

0,25 

8,32 

4,29 

2,71 

48,70 

00 

8 

0,935 

13-4 

4 

460 

2 

435 

70 

21,6 

3.5 

475 

1~6 

0,28 

8,74 

3,34 

2,56 

46,20

H~IX ~py6) wcnonb3y1o~c~ BcnoMoraTenbHMe ne6enew. npu TOM 

KOHCTPYKUNW ne6e~o~ yIIpOI4aIoTCR. B'cIIoMo~~T~JI~H~I~ ne6e~~y pace 

n0naraIo-r PRAOM c nocToM ~YP.WJI~I~WK~. Ha KoHue sana 3~0fi ne- 

6en~n ycTaHasnwsamT KaTymKy, a sa~penne~n~ w pacspenne- 

HWR 3aMKOB 6ypllJIbHbI~ TPY~ lTpWMeHRIoT clleLUiaJlb~bIfi IIHeBMOpaC- 

KpenNTeJIb, MOHTMPY~M~I~~ Ha 3~0fi Xe ne6eA~e NAN Ha CTO~~K~. 

OAHOB~~~H~R 

JIe6e~Ka A-750 (~,WC. IV.3) COCTONT W3 CTaHWHbI 

5, Ha KOTO~O~~ Ha AByX K~oHIIIT~~~H~x 3 B IIOAIIIWIIHNKaX CMOHTWPO- 

BaH IIo~'beM~b1fi Ban C 6apa6a~o~ 6 N TOPMO3HbIMN LUKNBaMW 4, 

UIHHHO-IIHeBMaTNYeCKNMa @PAK~NOHH~IMN MY@T~MN 2 I1 9, KyJIaYKO- 

BOG MY@TO~ 8 N 3Be3AOYKaMl-i UenHbIX IIepeAaY. Ha CTaHNHe 5 TaK- 

Xe CMOHTHPOBaHbI lTyJIbT YnpaBJIeHWR JIe6eAKofi 1, IIPOM~XYTOYH~I~~ 

Ban 7 IIpHBOAa POTOpa W BcIIoMo~~T~JI~H~I~~ 

TOPM03 10. 

Ann 6ype~NR CKBaXWH rny6n~oR 6onee 3000 M JIe6eAKki WSTOTOB- 

JIReT no . TO - OAHOBaJIbHbIe ne6en~u JIEY- 1 100 11 

JIEy-1700. OHM MOHTNPYIOTCR Ha OTAeJIbHbIX PaMax N COeANHRIoTCR 

CTRXKaMN C KOPO~K~MH IIepeAaY, o6pa3y~ IIo~'be~Hb1fi arperaT. 

Cnyc~o-non'be~~b~fi arperaT, ~b~nyc~ae~b~fi II0 c> AJIR 

6ype~NR Ha rny6u~y 3000 M, nOKa3aH Ha PNC. IV.4. no~'be~Hb18 

6no~ COCTONT I13 paMb1 1, Ha KOTOPO~~ CMOHTNPOBaHa JIe6e~~a JIEY- 

1100 2 Pi ~ J I ~ K T ~ o A N H ~ M N BcIIoMo~~T~JI~H~I~~ 

~ ~ c K ~ 

TOPMOB 8 C MY@- 

TOG 9. T~~FIcMNccNoHH~I~~ 6no~ BKJIIoYaeT PeryJIRTOp IIOAaqW AOJIOTa 

3 C MY@TOW 4 11 3JIeKTpOABLiraTeJIeM IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa 5, TpeXCKO- 

POCTHyIO UenHYIo Knn 7, KOTOPbIe CMOHTNPOBaHbI Ha Apyr0fi pa- 

Me 6. fie6enoq~b1fi N TP~HCMNCCHOHH~I~~ ~JIOKN COeAMHeHbI CTRXKa- 

MW 14 11 06pa3ym~ e~n~b~fi arperaT. A~wxe~we u MO~HOCT~ 

C TpaHCMNCCNOHHOrO 6no~a Ha J I e 6 e ~ ~ IIepeAaIoTCR y 

TPeXPRAHbIMH 

IJeIIHbIMN TPaHCMNCCWRMW N 11 CKOPOCT~~~. 

Eapa6a~ C JIeHTOsHbIM TOPM030M CMOHTNPOBaH Ha IIOA'beMHOM 

BaJIy H yIIpaBJIReTCR TOPMOSHbIM PbIsaTOM, YCTaHOBJIeHHbIM Ha IIOn- 

LUHIIHWKaX KaYeHNR Ha KPOHLUT~~~H~X PaMbI. B ne~ofi saCTki BaJIa 

HaXOAWTCR CABOeHHaR IIIWHHO-IIHeBMaTWYeCKaFI MY@T~ 4 AJIR BKJIIoseHWR 

CKOPOCTW J'I~~~AKH, a CIIpaBa - IIINHHO-IIHeBMaTWYe- 

CKaR MY@T~ 10 AJIR BKJIIoYeHNR CKOPOCTN 6apa6a~a JIe- 

6eAKN. B~lI0~0ra~eJIbHbIfi TOPMO3 8 BKJIIo9aeTCR KYJI~~KOBO~~ MY@- 

T0fi npU CIIyCKaX KOJIOHH. 3Ta MY@T~ BKJIIosaeTCR N BbIKJIIOYaeTCR 

IIH~BMOII~UBOAH~~~ pb1saXHofi CUCT~MO~~. C IIpa~ofi CTOPOHbI Ha Bany 

BCIIOMOraTeJIbHOrO TOpMO3a 8 CMOHTMpOBaHbI YCTPO~~CTBO AJlR nOA- 

BOAa BOAbI C UeJIbIO OXJIaXAeHWR TOPMO3HbIX IIIKNBOB W BePTJIIoXOK 

AJIR IIOABOAa BO3AyXa K IIINHHo-IIH~BM~TNY~CKO~~ MY@T~ 10. Bpaue- 

Hne po~opy nepeAaeTcR OT ne6e~~w ~ p a ~ c ~ ~ c c l rBOA e f i RHO^ . oxnax- 

AeHNe TOPMO3HbIX UKNBOB IIpNMeHReTCR TOJIbKO B JIe6e~Kax AEy- 

1 100. 

KHH~M~TNZI~CK~R 

CXeMa 3TOTO arperaTa IIpMBeAeHa Ha PNC. IV.5. 

n p H M e p IV.1. H~#TH saCTOTbI epaueswfi nonseMaoro sana ne6en~e 

nEY-1100. Kopo6~a nepeMeHbI nepenas (pwc. IV.5) nonyYaeT MOUHOCT~ OT 

cnnosoro npwaona YCTaHOBKW Ha senyuuii Ban c no~oubm se~blpexprrnnoh sen- 

HO# nepenasw. Ha TOM sany Ha mnoHKax sa~penne~bl rise qenHble 3Be3nOqKH 

z=27, nepenamuwe nse sacTom.1 npaueswrr BenoMoMy sany KOPO~KW sepes 

senme Koneca z=52 w z=34, HaxoaRuwecrr Ha sany Ha nonmunHwKax KaYeHUR 

Pi BKJIloYaeMble C IIOMOUbFO ,?~BYCTOPOHH~# 3y6sa~oii MY@T~I. 

Tpe~be senHoe Koneco z=34 sa~penne~o Ha senyweM sany Ha nonmunew- 

Kax N BKnmYaeTcR 3y6sa~oti MY@TO~~, a s a ~ nepenaeT e ~ apaueaue Ha seno~blfi 

Ban sepes UenHoe Koneco z=27, ycTaHosneHHoe Ha sany Ha mnome. T~KHM 

06pa30~, Be,QoMkJfi Ban nonysaeT OT senyuero ~ p u sacToTbI apaueeua. n p ~ 

noMouw nByx qennbrx nepenas 21x81 w 39x40 wcno qacToT spaueaua nonrbeMHoro 

Bana yBennswsaeTca no mecTw. Bapa6a~ OT uenHbIx Konec z=81 H 

2=4O BKnIOqaeTCR C IIOMOubFO UWHHO-IIHeBMaTWqeCKUX M~@T 7 U 12. 

Bpaue~we Ha po~op 8 OT Knl7 5 nepenaeTcrr BKnmseHweM senHbrx nepenas 

39x40 H 40x33. Po~op BKJlloYaeTCR ~HHHO-~H~BM~TU~~CKO 

MY@TOB MlII5009. 

Ecnu npWHFlTb YaCTOTy BPallleHUR BenyUerO Bans Knn P ~ B H O 340 ~ O~/MUH, 

TO nnrr onpeneneHwa sacToTbr spaueHuR nonaeMaoro sana ne6en~u Hano cne- 

AaTb CJIenyloUHe BblYWCneHWR: 

340.27.21 340.27.39 

= 52.81 

= 45; 

=: 168; 

n64 = 52.41 

340.27.21 - 

n62 = 34.81 

- 70; 

340.27.39 

= 257; 

n65 = 34.41 

340.34.21 340.34.39 

n63 = = 111; n68 = 27.41 

= 407. 

27.81 

M3 npnseneHHblx ~bl~ncne~wfi BU~HO, TO mecTaa gacToTa npaueawfi ne6en- 

KW nOqTW B 10 pa3 BblUe nep~08. Ta~oe BblCOKOe COOTHOlueHUe n03BOnReT 6onee 

~@@~KTWBHO WCnOJIb30BaTb YCTaHOBneHHyH) MOUHOCTb npU IIOn'beMe. HW~K~R We 

IIepBaR 'IaCTOTa BpaUeHWR naeT BO3MOXHOCTb JlWKBW,!lWPOBaTb aBapUFi B CnyYae 

IIpNXBaTa KOJOHHbI B CKBaWHHe. 

B ne6en~e 

JIEY-1100 npwMeHeHa npnHynwTenbHaR UwpKynRun- 

OHHaR CMa3Ka UelTHbIX IIepeAas 0T C M ~ ~ O S HCTaHUMN, O ~ ~ 9TO 3HaWi- 

TenbHo o6nersae.r ee O~CJI~XNB~HW~ w ynyswaeT ycnosnR pa60~61: 

uenHbIx nepeAaq. 

KOHCTPYKUNR 3~06 J'I~~~AKH WMeeT PRA IIpeNMyueCTB: 

AByXarperaTHOe WCIIOJIHeHNe C UeHTpkipOBaHNeM CTRXKaMW CO- 

3AaeT YAO~CTBO TPaHCIIOPTNPOBKW, 06nersae~ W YCKOPReT MOHTaX; 

KNHeMaTNKa AaeT BOSMOXHOCTb npH cno 6e3 nepeKnIoYeHWfl 

C K O ~ O C T B ~ K~ O ~ ~ O ~ lTOAHNMaTb K ~ HeHarpyXeHHb~fi 3JIeBaTOp Ha BMC-

, 

1 

; 

Puc. IV.5. KHH~M~THWCK~R cxeMa non%eMnoro arperaTa c ne6en~oR TH~% 

JIBY-1100: 

1, 2 - PeHYKTOp H 3JIeKTpOHBHraTeJIb MeXaHH3Ma IIOHasH Pnn; 3 - ~aCJImIblfl Hacoc: 4, 7, 

9, 11 I4 12 - IUHHHO-IlHeBMaTH'leCKHe MY@T~I; 5 - K n n ; 6 - pe~Yi7Hpy10UIHfl 3JIeKTPOHHHaMUb 

WCKH~~ TOPMO3; 8 - TpaHCMHCCHR IIpHBOBa pOTOpa; 10 - 6apa6a~~blA Ban 

meti CKOPOCTN, a BCIO 6 ~ p N f l b KOJIOHHY ~ ~ ~ ) - Ha nep~ofi, IIOJIb3yRCb 

TOJIbKO BKJIIOgeHNeM W OTKJIIOrIeHNeM OIIePaTNBHbIX IUMHHO-IIHeBMa- 

TMseCKMX MY@T; 

~ B ~ J I H Y ~ HYrOJI H ~ I O ~ ~ X B ~ TOPMOBHbIX T ~ JIeHT (320') N BOAsHOe 

OXJIaX,QeHUe TOPM03HbIX IUKNBOB 06e~ne'iFi~aIO~ CHNXeHNe HanPR- 

XeHHOCTM pa6o~b1 JIeHTOsHOrO TOPMO3a npli 6ype~m, OCO~~HHO Ha 

~OJI~IUO~~ 

rny6a~e. ..me. 

KOHCTP~KTUBH~I~ N KUHeMaTMrIeCKBe CXeMbI CIIYCKO-IIOflBeMHbIX 

arperaToB c ne6en~a~ki 

KO B CBRBN c TeM, YTO arperaT c ne6e~~ofi ABY-1700 nepenaeT om- 

HOCT~ no 1530 KBT, TO 6onee seM B 1,5 pasa npesNuaeT MOUHOCTL. 

ne6eA~u ABY-1100, 4enHbIe TpaHCMNCCAN, @PUKUHOHHU~ MY@TH K 

pRA ApyrUX 3JIeMeHTOB IIpHMeHeHM C PaCseTOM Ha nepeAaLIy TaKHX 

MOUHOCT~~~. T~K, UenHbIe TpaHCMkiCCUU B Knn BbInOJIHeHH WTH- 

PeXPRAHbIMN C UlarOM 4445 MM, BMeCTO TPeXPRAHbIX 4eIIefi C ILlarOM 

50,8 MM. TP~HCMHCCUR nPHBOAa 6apa6a~~01-0 Bans - TpeXpmHLde 

BTyJIOsHO-POJIHKOBbIe 4enN C ILlarOM 63,5 MM BMeCTO 50,8 MM. 

ABY-1700 w ABY-1100 oneaaeoau. On~a-

B arperaTe ABY- 1700 wcnonbsye~ca He sne~~ponn~a~~sec~wfi 

BCIIOMO~~T~JI~H~I~~ 

TOPM03, a donee MOUH~I~~ rHAPOTOPMO3 YTr-1. 

1450, Ha IIOA'beMHOM Bany YCTaHOBJIeHbI MOUHbIe LUNHHO-IIHeBMaTHsecKHe 

MY@TH MUI1070, xoporuo 3ape~o~e~nosa~rune ce6a B KCnnyaTaswn. 

Cnyc~o-non'be~~~e arperam c MHoroBanbHbIMH ne6en~a~~ B Ha- 

CTORUee BpeMR IIpAMeHRIOT nJlR 6ype~ua reOJIOrOpa3Be.&OsHbIX CKBa- 

XHH 60nbruofi rny6n~b1 (6onee 10 THC. M) . fie6eA~ki TNIIa fiBY-3000 

BunycKaeT no c > 

B enwawsmx s~ae~nnapax. 

' 

TO ne6e~~ii He60nb1~0fI rpY30IIOA'beMHOCTH, O ~ ~ I ~ 6onee H O IIpO- 

CTMX KOHCTP~KUH~~. Ann perynnposaHHR CKOPOCTA cnycKa BcnoMora- 

TeJIbHbIe TOPM03a He IIPHMeHRIOT. BKnIOse~we @PNKUNOHH~IX MY@T - 

MeXaHHseCKOe HJIK rHfipaBJIHseCKOe. ~ H ~ B M ~ T H ~ ~ CNCTeM C K A X HeT, 

TaK KaK PaCCTORHHR MeXAy MeXaHN3MaMH HeBeJINKki. Bapa6a~u JIe- 

6eno~ 06~9~0 MOHTNPYIOT Ha BaJIaX Ha IIOALUUIIHAKaX KaseHHR H K 

Bany He KpeIIRT. TO AeJIaeTCR C UeJIbIO YMeHbLUeHHR MOMeHTa HHep- 

UHli MaCC li nnR 06ecnese~w~ 6b1c~poro pa3MaTbIBaHNR KaHaTa BO 

BpeMR cnycKa HeHarpyxeHHoro K p m a npn ~e6onbruofi Macce no- 

ABWXHO~~ gaCTH T~J'I~Bo~ CHCTeMbI. 6apa6a~b1 BbIIIOJIHRIOTCX KaK 0 

OnHHM TOPMO3HbIM UKHBOM, TaK H C ABYMR. 

B HeKOTOPbIX YCTaHOBKaX IIPUMeHRIOT n~yx6apa6a~~ble JI~~~AKH, 

npwseM 06a 6apa6a~a MOHTHPYIOT Ha OAHOM sany. Bapa6a~b1 me- 

IOT He3aBHCKMOe BKJIIOgeHNe AHCKOBbIMH @PIIKUNOHH~IMN MY@T~MH. 

OAMH N3 6apa6a~o~ npeAHa3HaWH AJIR HaBKBKH KaHaTa IIpH CIIyCKOnO&'beMHhlX 

OIIepaUHRX, BTOPO~I -AAR HaBNBKH KaHaTa, IIOMepXH* 

BaIOUerO KOJIOHHY BO BpeMR ~YP~HNR. B KaseCTBe TOPM03HbIX CH- 

CTeM TaK Xe, KaK N B J'Ie6eA~ax AJIR rny6o~oro 6ype~n~, IIpkiMeHRIoT 

06~9~0 JIeHTOsHbIe TOpMO3a C MeXaHM9eCKNM yllpaBJIeHHeM. B AByX- 

AeHTOsHbIX TOPMO3aX 3THX ne6eno~ HeT 6aJIa~ckip0~ AJIR BbIPaBHH* 

BaHHR ~CHJ'IH~~ Ha 06e JIeHTbI, TaK KaK TOPM03HbIe yCNJINIl CPIBHH- 

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5 3. MEXAHH3Mbl H CSOPKH EYPOBMX JIEEEAOK 

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me pe6op-

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cnycKa KOJIOHH. 

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109

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XIIHOW 6. 

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n p u ~ p e n n e ~ ~ ~OJ'IT~MH 

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c@epusec~dfi nosepxHo- 

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OT HarPY3KU, Ii TOPM03Hhle JIeHTbl 

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B QUJiliHApe HeT B03AyXa, ki nap- 

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Ha KoHue TOPMOSHO~O Bana co 

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3aH X~CTKOR ~Rr0fi C TOPMO3HbIM PbIYarOM JIeHTOYHOrO TOPM03a. 

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~ 0 ~ B KOJIOAKaX M, Ta- 

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M 

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onpeAeneHa ti3 @OPM~JI~I 

NT=a ($7 (Da5-DB5). (IV. I) 

rAe a=20+30 - KO~@@NUM~HT MOUHOCTW, ~~BIICHILZU~~ OT KOHCTPYK- 

UHH TOPM03a; Da- ~KTUBHH~~ AHaMeTp POTOpa, M; DB- A H ~ M 

POTOpa, A0 KOTOpOrO AOXOAHT YPOBeHb BOAbI npH BpaUeHHH, M. 

Ha PHC. IV.11 nPUBeAeH rpa@H~ 3aBHCHMOCTW MOmHOCTH TOPMO- 

XeHHR OT CKOPOCTH CnyCKa 6ypHnb~b1~ KOJIDHH VKC AJIR OAHOPRAHHX 

~ T ~ 

I'HApOAHHZlMHseCKHX TOPM030B. M3 3TOr0 l'pa@H~a CJIeAyeT, YTO npH 

YBeJINYeHHM AHaMeTpa POTOpa C 1,02 A0 1,17 M TOPMO3HaR MOu- 

HOCTb IIpH 0~~0fi H ~0fi Xe YafCTOTe BpameHHR (390 0 6 1 ~ B03- ~ ~ ) 

pacTaeT c 1000 no 3500 KBT, NJIH B 3,5 pa3a. T~KHM 06pa30~, seM 

6onbrue ANaMeTp POTOpa TOPM03a ki BHWe CKOpOCTb cnycKa ~py6 B 

CKBBXHHY, TeM 60nbme TOPMO~HO~~ MOMeHT N TeM HaAeXHee pa6o- 

TaeT TOPMO~. 

Ana o6nerse~~~ H COKpaUeHNR 3aTpaT BpeMeHH Ha OTKJIIoseHHe 

rHApOAHHaMHYeCKHe TOPM038 

TOPMO3a OT nOA'beMHOr0 BaJIa n e 6 e ~ ~ ~

Puc. 1 V. 12. PerynapyiouuA ~ J I ~ K T ~ O - 

A H H ~ M U Y ~ C KTOpM03: M ~ 

a - o6qwB sun; 6 - paspes; 1 - M ~ ~ H W T H M ~ ~ 

CTaTOp; 2 - KOpnyC; 3 - pOTOp; 4 - 0 6 ~ 0 ~ ~ 3 

~ 0 3 6 y x n e 5 ~ - ~ ~ IlOnIIlNIlHHK; ; 

6 - Ban HHOrAa JJKOMnJIeKTOBbIBaIoT O ~ ~ O H H ~ MY@T~MM, ~ M N KOTOPbIe npM 06- 

PaTHOM HaIIpaBJIeHMM BpaueHHR Bans aBTOMaTMYeCKM OTKJIIo9aIoT 

TOPM03 OT JIe6efiKki ki BKJIIosaIoT ero IIpU nPRMOM BpaueHHM. T~KUM 

06pa30~, npmeHeHne M O ~ H ~ I0X 6 r o ~ ~ b MY@T l x coepauaeT 3~as~- 

TeJIbHbIe noTeps 3HePrNN npn BpaueHMM 6apa6a~a BO BpeMR nO&'be- 

Ma HeHarpyxeHHoro 3nesaTopa. 

~A~KT~u(~~?cKU~? pt?ZyRUpyfO&Ue TOpNO3U OTJIllzIaIoTCR OT MeXaHHsecKnx 

n rnApasnMrIecKMx ~AO~CTBOM ynpasneHuR, YCTO~~~NB~IM pe- 

XIIMOM pa60~b1, JIerKOCTbm M IIJIaBHOCTbIo IIepeXOAa C OAHOrO PeXH- 

Ma Ha ~pyrofi nnn nonHoro OTKnIozIeHm OT 6apa6a~a ne6en~n. 

B KazIeCTBe PeI'yJ'IlipyIoUuX TOPM030B nPMMeHRIOT 3JIeKTpNseCKNe 

TOPM03HbIe YCTPO~~CTB~ ABYX TWIIOB: 3JIeKTPOANHaMU9eCKNe, B KOTO- 

PbIX TOPMO~HO~~ MOMeHT CO3AaeTCR B pe3yJIbTaTe B~~NMOA~~~CTBNR 

HaBeAeHHbIX B POTOPe W CTaTOpe BNXpeBbIX TOKOB, II IIOPOLUKOBbIe. 

~ J I ~ K T ~ O A H H ~ M U TOPMOB ~ ~ C K IIpeACTaBJIReT H ~ ~ co60fi 3JIeKTpHse- 

CKYIo MaUINHy, pa6o~am14ym B peXNMe AkiHaMNseCKOrO TOPMOWe- 

HNR. ~ P IIOMOuM N MY@T~I OH COeANHHeTCH HenOCPeACTBeHHO C IIOA'beMHbIM 

BaJlOM 6apa6a~a ne6efi~M. B KOMnJIeKT ~~~~KTPOTOPMO~HO~ 

YCTaHOBKN BXOAHT reHepaTOp nOCTOHHHOr0 TOKa, CTaHUNR YIIpaBJIe- 

HUH, TOPM03Hble COnpOTNBJIeHNR, KOMaHfiOKOHTpOJIJIep ki KHOllKN 

ynpasneHaR. 

Bo36y~ne~~e 

3TNX TOPMO3OB OCYueCTBJIReTCR OT He3aBNCNMbIX 

reHepaTOpOB nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa. TOPMOBHOB MOMeHT PeryJINpYeTCR 

llyTeM M3MeHeHMR ~ 0 3 6 ~ X f i e reHepaTOpa ~ N ~ NAN BeJIUsNHbl COIIpO- 

THBJIeHMR B UenM CTaTOpa ~036yfiM~eJIR. C x e ~ b YnPaBJIeHUR l 

n03BO- 

JIRIoT nOJIysaTb pa3JIMZIHbIe TOpM03HbIe peXMMbI, HanpHMep, MaKCU- 

~aJIb~b1fi MOMeHT npki 6onbruux NAN MaJIbIX rIa1cT0TaX BpaUeHHR. 

~ T TOPM03a N 

MMeIoT POTOP C H~~oJI~IIIMM MOMeHTOM NHePUNN, He 

~pe6y1ou~fi ero oTKnIoseHm OT Bana J I ~ ~ ~ Anpn K M non%eMe ~esarPYXeHHOrO 

3JIeBaTOPa. ~ O ~ T O MAJlR Y COeAMHeHNR POTOpa 3JIeKTpO- 

TOPM03a C BaJIOM J'I~~~AKH IIpAMeHRIoT XeCTKWe COeAuHFiTeJIbHbIe 

KyJIasKOBbIe MJIU 3~6sa~b1e MY@T~I C MeCTHblM ynpaBJIeHueM, BKJIlo. 

qaeMbIe TonbKo npu cnycKe KOJIOHH~I. 

3JIeK~pofiN~a~NsecKuii TOpMO3 C IIepeKpeuMBaIOuNMUCR nOJIlocam 

no~a3a~ Ha puc. IV.12. OH COCTONT ~3 nerKoro T-06pa3~0ro 

poTopa 3, BpauaIouerocrr B n~yx cTaTopax c nonIocaMu opnruaanb- 

HOG KOHCTPYKUNN N O~MOTK~MU ~036yX~e~kifi 4. Ynpa~nRR nnOT- 

HOCTbIo MarHNTHOrO IIOTOKa, MOXHO M3MeHRTb MOMeHT TOPMOXeHHR 

B LUNPOKHX npefienax. Bos~n~amuee Tenno xoporuo OTBOAUTCR BO- 

~ofi, 3anoJl~RIouefi BClo IIOnOCTb CTaTOPa N XOPOLUO 0~bI~alouefi PO- 

TOP. Bo~a B IIOJIOCTb nOcTynaeT no ~py60np0~0~y A, 6 ki BO3BpauaeTCR 

B CNCTeMY OXJIaXAeHuR rlepe3 CJINBHO~~ ~ ~ T P Y ~ O K 

~JI~KT~oM~I'HMTH~I~ TOPMO3a C @~PPOIIOPOLUKOB~IM HanOJIHeHHeM 

IIPNMeHRIOTCR B KaYeCTBe BCnOMOraTeJIbHbIX TOPMO3OB ~YPOBEJX 

ne6eno~. TaKofi TOPM03 OTJIWgaeTCR OT 3JIeKTPOANHaMU9eCKO~O TeM, 

qTO B HeM ~eXXeJIe3~blfi 3a30p 3anOJIHeH @~PPOM~~HUTH~IM IIOPOIII- 

KOM, KOTOP~I~~ C~OCO~CTBY~T IIOBbIIIIeHNIo IIPOBOANMOCTU 3a3Opa MeW- 

ny POTOPOM n CTaTopoM, B pe3ynb~a~e sero co3nae~c~ 6onbruaa cuna 

TOPMOXeHNR, nOgTN He 3aBNCRuaR OT gaCTOTbI BPaueHHR. TO RB- 

JIHeTCR IIpeHMyueCTBOM llOpOUKOBbIX TOPMOSOB. HMH MOWHO TOP- 

MO3NTb 6apa6a~ ne6e.a~~ A0 non~ofi em OCTaHOBKN. B AuHaMHse- 

CKMX Xe TOPM03aX AOJIWHO 6bl~b 06~3a~eJIb~0 HeKOTOpOe CKOJIbWe- 

HMe. 

K HeAOCTaTKaM 3JIeKTPOMarHHTHbIX IIOPOIUKOBMX TOPM030B OT- 

HOCRTCR NSHOC, npNrOpaHNe nOpOUKa H H~O~XOAHMOCT~ er0 YIIJIOT- 

HeHU5I CneqUaJIbHbIMH MarHNTHbIMH CaJIbHHKaMN. OTBOA TenJIa B 3THX 

TOPM03aX OCYUeCTBJIReTCR 0xnaWAalo~eh BOAO~~, swpKynapyloueR 

no CneqNaJIbHbIM KaHaJIaM, llolBepXHOCTb KOTOPhIX MeHbUe IIOBePX- 

HOCTM MY~T~I, 9TO YXYALUaeT TenJIOOTBOA N MOWeT IIPHBOflWTb K lleperpeBy. 

B.

Mexny UHJIIlHApkiq@CKAMu IIOBepXHOCTRMH (~KTUBH~R 30Ha) 

3JIeKTpOMarHATa N POTOpa WMeeTCH 3a30p, paB~bIfi 2,5-3,5 MM. BO 

BHyTpeHHIoIo nOJIOCTb TOpM03a Wpe3 CneUAaJIbHOe OTBepCTAe 3aCbInaeTCSI 

M~T~JIJIW~@CKN~~ lTOpOIUOK C qaCTAUaMN AHaMeTpOM 40- 

200 MKM, noaygae~~fi CneuuaabHbIM MeToAoM pacnbIneHuR xeaesa 

APMKO. I(OJIN~~CTBO nOpOIUKa AOJIXHO 6bI~b 3HaqNTeJIbHO 60nb1~e 

06.be~a 3a3Opa W OllpeAeJIReTCR 3KCnepWMeHTaJIbHbIM nyTeM no Hau- 

60JIbIUeMy TOPM03HOMY MOMeHTY. 

AJIH 3JIeKTpOMaI'HWTHOI'O ~OPOUlKOBOI'O TOPM03a Tuna T3n KO- 

~@@HUN~HT 1136bl~~a IIOpOIUKa k= 1,5 (no OTHOIUeHAIo K o6'be~y 

pa6osux 3a30~0~). npli B O ~ ~ ~ X A ~ H3JIeKTPOMarHWTOB W N 

HaXOAR- 

WkificR B IIOJIOCTW TOPM03a @~PPOM~~HWTH~I~~ 

IIOPOIUOK BTRrUBaeTCR 

B 3a30pbI ~KTNBHO~~ 30HbI, o6pa3ye~ MeXAy UAJIkiHAPIl~eCKNMU noiBepxHocTHMu 

cTaTopa u poTopa senowy CBH~U w pacnonaraercn 

BAOJIb HallpaBJIeHNH CWJIOBbIX JIwHA~~ MarHNTHOrO IIOJIH. CYMM~PH~R 

BeauquHa csmefi OT Bcex senoseK ~ospac~ae~ c ysenuseHweM ToKa 

BO~~YXA~HWR. 

MaKcliMaJIb~bIfi TOPMO~HO~~ MOMeHT (B H-M) 

Mmax= ~max2nR~LB, (IV.2) 

rAe Tmax - HanpHxeHue cABura nopomKa npu A ~ H H O BeauwiHe 

~ ~ 

NHAYKUMU B 3a3Ope, na; R -cpe.L(~Wfi pacqe~~b1fi PaAHyC POTOpa, 

M; 1 N B-pa6oqaR AJIlrHa A IUUpHHa BCeX aKTABHbIX 3a30POB, M. 

B 3aBNCWMOCTN OT BeJIUqUHbI 3a3Opa MeXAy BHYTPeHHUM &Ha= 

MeTPOM CTaTOpa W HaPYXHbIM ANaMeTpOM POTOpa, pa3MepOB qaCTHII 

w napaMeTpOB nopOIUKa ~m~x=0,08+0,12 Mna. ~JI~KTPoM~~HuTH~I~~ 

TOpM03 C @~PPO~OPOUIKOB~IM Han0JIHeHNeM 

(T3n) OTJIkiqaeTCH OT 

M,.KH.M I'kiApOAUHaMHseCKIlX li 3JIeKTpOAN- 

HaMNqeCKNX TeM, 9TO er0 TOPM03- 

30 

HO# MOMeHT 3aBHCNT He OT 9aC- 

TOTM BpaWeHuH sana, a OT ToKa 

~ 0 3 6 y X ~ e ~ k i3JIeK~pliqecKofi R 

Cli- 

1 CTeMbI I1 MOXeT nJIaBHO N3MeHHTb- 

ZO 

10 

CR OT HyJIR A0 MaKCHMyMa. 

Y~CTOT~ BpaIQeHUR TOPMO3a 

T3n-45 AOCTAI'aeT 500 O~/MUH, ki 

OH MOXeT pa3kiBaTb IIOCTORHH~I~~ 

o 100 200 300 n.o6/nun 

~0~NHaJIbHb1fi TOPMO~HO~~ MOMeHT 

45 KH-M. 

Ha puc. IV.13 npusene~ rpa- 

@NK KPYTHWNX MOMeHTOB, Pa3BH- 

BaeMbIX BCIIOMOraTeJIbHbIMII TOP- 

PuC. 1V.13. Xa~a~~e~ac~HK~ 

pery- MO3aMN Pa3JINqHMX TNnOB, nPH. 

napplQHX TOPMOBOB: - rHApo~eeauaqec~fi; 9 - sneerpo- MeP H0 'AuHaKoBbIX ra6a~'~o~, 

naraarri~ft ~MT; 8- sne~rpo~~~a~nse- npki pa6o~e B CXoAHbIX ~CJIOBH- 

CKRB MCT: 4 - sne~rponoporn~oeblft: 5 - --. 

AJIR OnpeAeneHuR MOWHOCTU, H~O~XOAHMO~~ Ann npuBoAa ne6e~- 

KU, HaXOAUM MOWHOCTb (B KBT) Ha KPIOKe npu IIOA'beMe [CM. @op- 

MyJIy (III.16)] 

NK~= PKvK mln, (IV.3) 

me P,-~arpys~a Ha KpIoKe OT Haki60JIbUIero seca 6ypunb~ofi KO- 

JIOHHbI, MH; VK mln=O,3+0,5 - MHHUMaJIbHaH CKOpOCTb IIOA'beMa 

KpIoKa, M/C. 

MOWHOCT~ (B KBT) Ha 6apa6a~e ~1e6en~u 

Nan=l?lKn/vrc UJIU 

N6n = P ~~cplZvrc, 

1.1 - Kr ' 

/- 

I'Ae vrc- KO~@@NI~U~HT nOJIe3HOrO A ~ ~ ~ C TT~JI~BoR B ~ H CHCTeMbI [CM. 

@0p~yJIy (111.8) ] ; VC~-CP~AHHH CKOPOCTb HaBUBKU ~e~yaefi CTpp 

HM Ha 6apa6a~ JIe6eAKki npu non%eMe (npw~u~am~ no BTOPOM~ UJIH 

TpeTbeMy pH&)' HaBWBKU Ha 6apa6a~ B 3aBkiCliMOCTH OT qliCJIa pH- 

AOB) . 

HOMUH~JI~H~R 

MOmHOCTb (B KBT), H~O~XOAUM~B AJIR IlPUBOAZl JIe- 

~ ~ A K H , 

ll p H M e p IV.2. Cnena~b 

IIoBepoY~hIfi pacseT pas~epo~ 6apa6a~a ne6ejl~~ 

n6Y-1100 U YUCJIa PRjlOB HaBUBKU KaHaTa. 

~~CXOBH~I~ BaHHbIe: BHaMeTp 609KH 6apa6a~a fla=0,75 M; BnHHa 6apa6a~a 

La=1,35 M; AUaMeTp KaHaTa dK=32 MM; OCHaCTKa 5x6. 

Hua~e~p HaBHBKH KaHaTa (B M) onpenenaeM no @ o p ~ y n e (111.15) 

DPi = D6 + (2zi - l)dKa, 

(IV.5) 

~ H C ~ BHTKOB O KaHaTa B OBHOM Play 

rn = LbBlt, 

(IV. 6)

3neCb E= 1,05t 1,15 - KO~I$I$WUH~HT, y'~HTblBaH)lU~fi npo6er KpIoKa npE 

nonaeMe; 1~27 M - nnma cserw; u,, = 10 - swcno pa60snx CTPYH OcHacTKu. 

%~cJIo BHTKOB B TpeTbeM PRAY 

m3 = 131nDp3 = 108/3,14.0,90 = 38 BUTKOB. 

M3 pacseTa BH~HO, TO npw nnuHe 6apa6a~a 1,35 M w sucne BHTKOB B on- 

HOM cnoe 39 nnn non%eMa c~esei nnw~oi 27 M nnn pa6o~bl c ~asw~~oir KaHa- 

Ta B TPN CJOR MOXeT 6blTb IIpHMeHeHa TaJIeBaH CHCTeMa C KpaTHOCTbH) nOJIHcnacTa 

u,,=10, T. e. ocHacTKa 5x6 nonycKaeT pa6o~y co csesaMu nnw~oir 27 M. 

n p u M e p IV.3. n p o s e p ~ ~ nuaMeTp b TOPMOSHHX WKnBoB 6apa6a~a ne6en- 

KW JI6Y-1100. 

M3 ~a6n. IV.1 HaXOJlHM nuaMeTp TOPMO3HOrO UlKWBa Dm=1,45 M, TOrAa 

OTHOWeHkie Dm/Dpl=1,45/0,782= 1,854, rT0 AOnyCTHMO, TaK KaK 3TO OTHOIUeHHe 

6onbue 1,8. 

n p u M e p IV.4. Onpenenu~b CKOPOCTH nonaeMa KpmKa, 3 ~ aCTOTY a ~ Bpa- 

UeHnR nonaemoro sana nr (us npuMepa IV.1) H paCse~HbIfi nwaMeTp 6apa6a- 

me u,, =8 - sucno pa6oswx CTPYH npn ocHacTKe 4x5; 60 - nnrr nepeBona sa- 

CTOTbl BPaUeHNR Bans B 1 MkiH B qaCTOTy BpaUeHHR B 1 c. 

120 

CKOPOCT~ 

HaBUBKH KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~ npw OCHaCTKe 4x5 B 8 pa3 BblIUe 

CKOPOCTH IIOn'beMa KpIoKa H COCTaBHT COOTBeTCTBeHHO: 2; 3,04; 4,88; 7,36; 11,28; 

17,92 M/C. npu OCHaCTKe 5x6 CKOpOCTu HaBHBKH KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~ 6yAyT 

B 0,8 pa3a MeHbUIe, T.e. 1,6; 2,43; 3,9; 5,88; 9,02 H 14,34 M/C. 

l7 p H M e p IV.5. Onpenenu~b 

H~TPYBKW Ha KpIOKe npw paanwseblx CKO~OCTAX 

nonaeMa (vHi 6epy~crr us npuMepa IV.4). Bec noneuxaoi UCTw ~anesoi Cwc- 

TeMbI GTc = 100 KH, OCHaCTKa 4x5. 

MOUHOCT~ Ha nOA%eMHOM Bany ne6en~a n6y-11100 

me Nmax= 1000 KBT - MaKCHManbHaR MOI4HOCTb npwBOna ne6en~w ( ~ 3 

~a6n. IV.1). 

l7onae~~a~ 

cwna (B KH) Ha KpmKe npn pasnwssnx c~opoc~~x ero nonaeMa 

800.0,84.0,9 605 

4 100 = - - 100, (IV. 11) 

'K i VK i 

Bec KOJIOHHbI (B KH), KOTOPEJ~~ MOXeT 6blTb nOnHRT Ha Pa3nWsHbIX CKOPO- 

CTRX: 

n p &i M e p IV.6. AnR YCTaHOBKU 63'5000 C ne6en~oR J6Y-1100 npH OCHa- 

CncTeMn 4x5 onpenenuTb swcno cseseR nnu~oir 1=25 M H3 ~py6 

cTKe ~ane~oii 

AHaMeTpOM 114 MM, KOTOpbIe MOrYT 6bI~b IlO!JHRTbl Ha TpeTbefi CKOPOCTH. 

~ ~ X O B H naHHble: M ~ MOmHOCTb Ha IIOfi'beMHOM BaAy nedenna 800 KBT; 9aC- 

ToTa apaueaus sana ne6en~w 111 O~/MWH (CM. npnMep IV.l); nwaMeTp 6apa- 

6a~a ne6e~~u 0,75 M; eec nonswm~oir sacTn ~anesoi 

Bec 200 M YTRXeneHHblX 6ypEiJIb~bl~ TPY~ Gy6T=380 KH. 

n0n'beMa KpIoKa Ha TpeTbek CKOPOCTH 

CKOPOCT~ 

cncTeMN GTc= 100 KH; 

(IV. 12) 

121

o a 

ZQ-Lr , 

5 g 

; 

=% 

II ." 

SE.. 

2" g 

., - 

] e 'g 

0.w 

II 

m m m 3 11 

s , 

Gaz p I 

68 a 

r,* 5 " 

a- 

0, 

m 1 % 

- 

Ei2 n - 

,A e 

p\d (0 - 

g? 6 G 

I- 

a 2 w~ '3. O 

m o o- 

z = 

3 Il II 

3 

E a 

e * 

E CO 

2 g 

m 

ICE = 

& ? 

s 

a .a 

w 

6 6 

0" a

3necb GP=500 H - sec TOPMOBHO~O pmara; LM 0,35 M - paccToRHwe OT 

ueHTpa TRmecTn TOPMOBHO~O pmara no oc~ sana (CM. p~c. IV.14); a=l cos $; 

1= 1,6 M - AJIUHa PYKORTKH TOpMO3a; q=0,8 - K. n. A., YYHT~IB~I~~W~~ 

~peHHe 

B onopax, a~op~n3a~ope H np, 

npw $=60° w a=1,4 M 

T ~ K KaK ycnnrre pa6orero He AOnXHO 6bl~b 

donee 0,25 KH, TO EJIR CO3Aa- 

HHn Heo6xo~u~ofi CWJlbl TOPMOXeHHR HCnOJIb3yeTCR ~H~BM~TH~CKH~~ UHnHHAp. 

n p N M e p JV.9. npo~ep0~~bIfi pacseT TOPMO~HO~~ JleHTbI. Top~03~hle JIeHTbl 

H3rOTOBJIRI0T W3 CTaJlH 50. 

Hanp~xe~we PacTxxeHnR B cereHHH neHTu OnpenenReM no aop~yne 

me 6=0,006 M - TOJIUWHa JIeHTbI; b=10,22 M - IIIWPNHa JIeHTbl; ~ = - 3 9HCJI0 

OTB~~CTWB; d=0,014 M -AWaMeTp OTBePCTWR. 

np~ o6p~se OAHO~~ JIeHTbI TOPMO~HO~ MOMeHT nepeAaeTCR Ha ApyryI0 JIeHTy, 

KOTOPaR AOnXHa 06e~IIesW~b TOpMOXeHWe 0nycKae~ofi KOJIOHHbI. B 3TOM CAY- 

sae a,,,=26,= 170 Mna, sT0 AJIH CTanN 50 BnOJIHe AOIIYCTHMO. 

Ko~eu 

Hanp~xe~rre cpesa B sa~nen~ax 

SH1 

0,085 

a3=-- - 

=61 Mna; 

2n6d3 2.12.0,006.0,014 

neHTb1 saKpennerr 12-10 saKnenKaMw, pa60~aI0UWM~i Ha ABORHOR cpes. 

0,=61 Mna, 4TO 3Ha'IWTeJIbHO HRXe AOnYCTWMOrO. 

3necb SE1=S,/2 - HaTRXeHHe ~a6eramqero KOHUa OAHOG JIeHTH; n= 12 - 

sucno sa~neno~; 

d3= 0,014 M - nwaMeTp sa~~~eno~. 

Tenno~ofi pacseT perynupymuero TOPMOS~ CBOAUTCR K onpeAe- 

JIeHHIO ~ O B ~ ~ X H OTenJIOOTAaYU C T ~ ~ ~ N KOJlN4eCTBa BOAbI, H~O~XOAN- 

Mofi AJlR OTBOAa 06pa3~10~e1-OCH Tenna. T ~ KaK K MOWHOCTb TOPMO- 

XeHNR IIO Mepe CIIyCKa 6ypUnb~ofi KOJIOHHbI N3MeHReTCR U K KOHUY 

CnyCKa AOCTUraeT ~aU60JIbIlIer0 3Ha4eHMR, KOJIUgeCTBO BOAbI, ~eo6- 

XOANMO~~ AJIR OXJIaXAeHNR, B pa3Hbl.e nepU0AbI pa60~b1 MOXeT 6b1~b 

pasnws~o. 

Tenno~ofi 

pacseT perynwpymwero TOPMO~~ BeAeTcR no YCJIOBHO- 

MY KOJINYeCTBY TenJIOTbI, B~IA~JIUBLLI~~~CR B KOHUe CIIyCKa KOJIOHHbs 

(B KAX) : 

QB =N~tcnz, (1v.22) 

tCn - BpeMR CIIyCKa 0~~0fi CBeYN, C; Z - YUCJIO CnyCKaeMbIX ~BeYefi 

B TeyeHNe 1 4. 

llpw pac4eTe KonwsecTsa Tenna, nornowaeMoro TOPMO~OM, npH- 

HUMaeTCR CPeAHRR YaCTOTa BpaI.UeHNR er0 POTOpa: 

~P.CP= luTc60/tcnD6pn, (IV.23) 

rAe CpT= 12t25 - KO~@@NUB~HT TeIIJlOOTAaYN OT nOBePXHOCTU TOP* 

M03a B03AYXY, BT/ (M2."C) ; n - nOBepXHOCTb perynNpyIoWer0 TOP- 

M03a U XOJIOAUJIbHUKa, M2; tl- TeMIIepaTypa nOBepXHoiCTU TOpMOsa, 

"C (npa~n~ae~c~ He swme 80 "C) ; t2

TeJIbHOrO yXOAa. YCJIOBUR 6esonac~ofi pa60~b1- COfiepXaHUe ne6efi- 

KU BCerfia B UCIIpaBHOM COCTORHNN, CBOeBpeMeHHOe BHRBJIeHNe W 

YCTpaHeHHe BCeX ~~~$I~KToB. He AOlIyCKaeTCR CMa3Ka U PeMOHT ee BO 

BpeMR pa60~b1. Bce HapyXHbIe flBNXyUWeCR U BpaUaIOUNeCR saCTW 

J I ~ ~ ~ AAOJIXHbI K H 6hl~b OrpaXAeHbI IIpOYHhIMU CTaJIbHhIMU KOXyXa- 

MU. Pa6o~a 6e3 orpax~e~ufi uenmx nepeaay HeAonycTuMa. 

nepe~ IIyCKOM ne6e~~u H~O~XOANMO IIpOBepUTb: 

IIpaBAJIbHOCTb C ~ O ~ KU U YCTaHOBKN: JIe6e~~a AOJIXHa 6bI~b 3a- 

KpeIIJIeHa Ha ~ Y H A ~ M ~ ~OJIT~MM, 

H T ~ BaJIhl ee AOJIXHhl 6b1~b rOPN- 

~OHT~JI~HM, a oclr napannenbHhI Mexfiy cobofi, senme Koneca 

(IIapa) YCTaHOBJIeHbI CTpOrO B OAHO~~ IIJIOCKOCTW; 

peryJINp0BKy JIeHTOYHOrO TOPM03a: CJIeAyeT fi0611~bc~ PaBHOMep- 

HOrO IIpNJIeraHNR JIeHT K TOPM03HhlM UIKUBaM IIpU rOPN30HTaJIbHOM 

6ana~cape N paCllOJIOXeHNR KOHUa TOPMO~HO~~ PYYKU IIpU IIOJIHOM 

TOPMOXeHUN Ha PaCClQRHHM 0,s-0,9 M OT IIOJIa ~YPOBOR; IIpU PaC- 

TOPMOXeHHOM COCTORHNN JIeHTbI He AOJIXHbI IIPWKaCaTbCR K IIOBepX- 

HOCTU TOPM03HHX UIKABOB; 

COCTORHNe IIOAUIWIIHNKOB: IIOAUIMIIHWKW AOJIXHbI 6hI~b IIPOMbITbI 

U 3aIIOJIHeHbI c~eXefi CM~SKO~~, COOTB~TCTB~IOU~~~ ~~BOACKO~~ HHCT- 

PYKUNU; 

3a30pbI MeXAY LUNHHO-IIHeBMaTN9eCKUMM M Y ~ T ~ MU U UIKUBaMU: 

IIpN OTCYTCTBUM BO3AyXa 3a30p MeXAy $IPNKUNOHH~IMW KOJIOfiKaMU 

M Y ~ T N UIKUBaMN AOJIXeH 6b1~b He MeHee 2-3 MM U PaBHOMePHbIM 

no ~ceR OKPYXHOCTW; 

rePMeTNYHOCTb CNCTeMbI B03AYXOIIPOBOAa Pi IIYCKOBhlX ~CTPORCTB: 

IIpOIIyCKki BO3AyXa H~O~XOAAMO YCTpaHUTb; 

~~~OTOCIIOCO~HOCT~ U HaAeXHOCTb IIpOTUBO3aTaCKUBaTenR TaJIe- 

BOrO 6no~a; 

YCTaHOBKy rNAPOANHaMM~eCKOr0 TOPM03a N MeXaHN3Ma er0 BKJIIO- 

geHNR U OTKJIIO9eHNR; 

sa~penne~kie TaneBoro KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~e ne6en~w u ero He- 

IIOABNXHOrO KOHUa; 

KOJINlIeCTBO BUTKOB KaHaTa Ha 6apa6a~e ne6en~u: IIpH KpIOKe, 

CIIyUeHHOM Ha non 6yp0~0fi, Ha 6apa6a~e ne6en~u AOJIXHO 6bI~b 

He MeHee ABYX BNTKOB KaHaTa; 

HaJINrINe Ha ne6e~~e IIpeAOXpaHlrTeJIbHbIX KOXYXOB U KaYeCTBO 

ux KpenneHm; 

pa6o~y ne6e~~s N ee OTAeJIbHHX y3JIOB 6e3 HarpY3KN. 

nocne nycKa ne6en~a B ~KC~JI~~T~UNIO npu npueMe u cnase BaxT H~O~XOAHMO ee OCMOTPeTb, a TaKXe 0IIp060~a~b OTfieJIbHbIe y3JIbI. 

O~H~PYX~HH~I~ 

HeNCIIpaBHOCTN HeMeAJIeHHO CJIefiyeT YCTpaHUTb, a B 

BaXTOBOM XYPHaJIe HaAO AeJIaTb COOTBeTCTByIOUyIO 3aIIUCb. 

npu 3~cnnya~a~us J I ~ ~ ~ A H~O~XO~~HMO 

K N 

BhInonHeHNe cnefiym- 

WNX ~pe60~a~kifi: 

IIpOBepRTb COCTORHNe LUKUBOB TOPM03HbIX U LUNHHO-IIHeBMaTUse- 

CKUX MY~T; MaXCUMaJIbHO AOIIYCTNM~I~~ U3HOC TOPMO3HhlX LUKUBOB 

10 MM Ha CTOPOHY; 

126 

CJIeAUTb 3a COCTORHNeM TOpMO3HbIX KOJIOAOK; 3aIIpeUaeTCR pa6o- 

TaTb C KOJIOAKaMU, W3HOUIeHHbIMU A0 TOJIUNHbI MeHee 2,5 MM, 9aC- 

TNYHaR 3aMeHa U3HOLUeHHbIX KOJIOAOK He AOIIyCKaeTCR; 

nepuoAusecKu nposepcITb w perynwposaTb ~onbse~ofi sasop Mex- 

AY KOJIOfiKaMU U IIOBepXHOCTbIo UIKNBOB TOPM03a; 

npeAynpexaaTb nonaAaHue Macna N BOAM Ha pa60sym nosepx- 

HOCTb TOPM03HMX UIKNBOB N UIKNBOB MY~T; 

IIpOBepRTb N PeryJIRpHO KpeIIUTb ~OJITOB~I~ COeAkiHeHNcI; 

IIpOBepRTb COCTORHUe CMa3KN UenHhlX IIepefiaY N CMa3bIBaTb UX 

B COOTBeTCTBNN C UHCTPYKUN~~~; 

CJIeANTb 3a IIOAUIUIIHUKaMN; BCe IIOAUINIIHNKM AOJIXHbI pa60~a~b 

~a6nIoia~b 3a pa6o~oR JIeHTOsHOrO TOpMO3a N no Mepe ~eo6xo- 

ANMOCTA PerYJINpOBaTb er0; 

PeryJIRpHO OCMaTpkiBaTb U IIpOBepRTb HaTRXeHNe N IIpOBUCaHNe 

uenefi; 

IIpOBepRTb IIHeBMaTNYeCKyIO CUCTeMy YIIpaBJIeHNR J I ~ ~ ~ AH K u 

YCTPaHRTb O ~ H ~ P Y X ~ HHeAOCTaTKN; H ~ I ~ 

~aXa0fi BaXTe CJIefiNTb 3a WCnpaBHOCTbIo ~pOTUBO3aTaCKNBaTeJIH. 

BO BpeMR 3KcllJIyaTa~(UU rNApOANHaMUYeCKOr0 TOPM03a H~O~XO- 

AMMO CJIeANTb 3a I'ePMeTNYHOCTbIO BCeX CO~AHH~HH~. Bo~a, IIOCTy- 

IIaIOUaR B TOPM03, AOJIXHa 6bI~b ~NCTO~~. Hanus~e IIeCKa B BOA€? 

CIIOCO~CTB~~T H3HOCy OCHOBHbIX er0 Ae~aJIefi H IIpeXAeBpeMeHHOMy 

BbIXOAy N3 CTPOR. 

K ~ J I ~ ~ K oMY~TH B ~ I ~ CJIeAyeT BKJIIOrIaTb 6e3 YAapOB; KaXfiyIU 

BaXTy HaAO IIpOBepRTb COCTORHHe CMa3KU IIOAUINIIHNKOB, YIIJIOTHe- 

HUR, XOMYTOB KYJIaYKOBOrO BKJIIOYeHNR, UIJIUUeBOrO KOHUa BaJIa Pi 

IIO Mepe H~~~O~HOCTH B COOTBeTCTBNN C NHCTPYKUN~~~ CMa3bIBaTb UX. 

Ann CMa3KU MeXaHN3MOB M OTAeJIbHbIX ~e~aJIefi ne6e~0~, KOpO- 

60~ IIepeAaY N TP~HCMHCCW~~ HaAO IIPUMeHRTb KOHCHCTeHTHbIe N XUA- 

KMe CMa3KW B COOTBeTCTBNU C 3aBOACKNMN NHCTPYKUMRMN. KOHCN- 

CTeHTHYIO CMa3KY UMATMM 203 (TOCT 8773-73) MOXHo IIpwMe- 

HRTb 3~~0fi N JIeTOM AJIR IIOAUINIIHNKOB KaYeHNR, 3Be3AOseK, 

TP~HCMNCCU~~ N Knn, BepTJIIoXKOB N APYrAX aHaJIOrNYHbIX MeXa- 

HN3MOB U CMa3bIBaTb NX He PeXe 1 pa3a B IIOJlrOfla. ~OAUIUIIHNKN 

BaJIa 6apa6a~a ne6en~w, IIPOMeXYTOYHbIX BaJIOB TpaHCMWCCNN, TOP- 

M03HOr0 phlsara, BaJIa rUApOANHaMUseCKOr0 TOPM03a, UIaPHUPOB 

TOPM03HbIX JleHT, KYJlarIKOBbIX MY~T, IIHeBMOUNJINHAPa TOPM03a, OCM 

N ApyrNX IIOABMXHbIX CO~ANH~HN~~ UIapHNPOB, pa60~a10- 

6ana~c~pa 

UNX IIeP~OAUYeCKN, PeKOMeHAyeTCR CMa3bIBaTb 1 pa3 B 3 MeC, a MaH- 

XeTbI rNfiPOTOPM03a - eXeAHeBH0. 

CMa3KU UenHbIX IIepeAaY U NX IIOAUINIIHAKOB IIPNMeHRIOT 

X&iAKMe CMa3KU: JIeTOM - UHAYCTPNaJIbHOe MaCJIO 50 (TOCT 20799- 

75), a 3N~0fi - CMeCb NHAYCTPNaJIbHOTO MaCJIa 20 C UHAyCTpHanb- 

HhlM MaCJIOM 30 (rOCT 20799-75). B KapTepax UenHbIx u sy6sa- 

ThlX IIepeAarI CMa3KY PeKOMeHAyeTCR 3aMeHRTb 1 pa3 B IIOJIrOAa. 

-

5. YCTPO~~CTBO JIeHTOYHOrO TOpMO3a ~YPOBO~ ne6en~~. YCHWR, Ha c6era~)n 

p a ~ ~ n sKcnnyaTauuR b ~ a ~ H BbInonHeHue Bcex ~pe6o~a~afi UH- ueM H Ha ~a6eraioue~ Konqax TOPMOBHO~ neHTn, 

CTPYKQUU IIOBbIlllaIOT AOJIrOBeqHOCTb J I ~ ~ ~ A KU H T~~HCMUCCU~~ H 

6. Yc~nwe Ha TOPMOBHOM pHyare ne6en~a. 

7. ~ H ~ B M O ~ H J I B HTOpMO3PX H ~ ~ ~ I ne6eno~. 

0 6 e c n e s a ~ a ~ BbICOKYIo ) ~ nPOU3BOfiUTeJIbHOCTb. B IIpOUeCCe pa60~b1 

8. Ma~epwann, H3 KOTOpnX H3I'OTOBnRloT TOPM03Hble KOAOAKH. 

ne6e~~y CJIeAyeT HarpyXaTb B ICOOTB~TCTBHH C ee X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ U C T U K O ~ ~ 9. Hasiiase~we H npwHuwn nefic~~~si rnnponnHaMn~ecKoro TOPMO3a. 

A m Bcex c~opoc~eW. 3 ~ c n n y a ne6eneu ~ a ~ ~ pa3peruae~c~ 

~ 

He CB~I- 

10. Has~arlenwe H YCTPO~~CTBO 3neKTpOAHHaMHYeCKOrO TOPMO3a. 

IUe ee MaKCHMaJIbHO AOII~CTHMO~~ HarpY3KU. ~ P JIHKBUAaUUU U 

aBa- 

11. P~~JIH~oB~HH~ TOPMO3HOI'O MOMeHTa B rU~pO~HHaMHPeCKOM U SAeKTpH- 

QeCKOM TOPMOSBX. 

pHfi B CKBaXUHaX HepeAKO tJIpUXOAHTCR nPHMeHRTb HarPy3ICU, AOCTU- 

12. Harpes TOPMOBOB ~YPOBHX ne6eno~ H ux oxnaxneHne. 

ramuue MaKcuManbHMx. 06can~b1e ~py6b1 6onbmoro naaMeTpa Ha 

13. C M ~ TOPMOBHHX H ~ KOnOAOK H HX PeryJIHpOBKa. 

my6n~b1 CBbILLIe 2000 M cnycKaIoT T a m e npu s b ~ c o ~ u~arpys~ax. x 

14. OCHOBH~I~ npaBHna SKCnJIyaTaUHH 6ypoenx aebeno~. 

B 3THX CJIYqaRX H~O~XOAUMO 6b1~b OCO~~HHO BHHMaTeJIbHbIM K CO- 

CTORHUH) JI~~~AKH, ee TOPM030B Ii CO~JIIOA~HHH) IIpaBHJI TeXHUKH 6e3- 

QnaCHOCTU. 

BCRKO~O pona nepeKnIoseHuR, a TaKxe BcnoMoraTenbHbre onepa- 

UUH CJIeAyeT IIPOBOAUTb Ha nOHHXeHHbIX 9aCTOTaX BPaueHHR. Me- 

POIIPMRTHR nO YXOAy 3a ne6e~~ofi AOJIXHbI OCyaeCTBJIRTbCR C y9e- 

TOM MeCTHbIX IIPUPOAHbIX YCJIOBUW, O C O ~ ~ H H O CKJIHMaTa T ~ ~ ~ H BpeMe- 

HM roAa. 

9 1. HA3HAqEHHE U YCTPOACTBO 

n p H nepBHqHOM MOHTaXe HJIH nOCJIe TPaHCnOPTHPOBKH ne6e~~u 

OTAeJIbHbIM ~ ~ O K Oee M CJIeAyeT MOHTHPOBaTb Ha OCHOBaHUU TBK, 9TO- 

6b1 O ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ M cnenywuee. 

B ~ J I O C ~ 

n p ~ 4 e n H npHBoAe o ~ poTopa: 

BCe BaJIbI TP~HCMMCCW~~ IIpHBOAa POTOpa AOJIXHbI 6b1~b napaJI- 

nenbm c OCMO ero B eAyuero sana; 

3Be3AOqKH IIpHBOAa 4eII~ofi TPaHCMHCCHH J I ~ ~ ~ AH KPOTOpa H AOJI- 

XH~I nexaTb B o~~ofi nnocKocTu 6e3 nepeKoca oceW ux BanoB; 

IIJIOCKOCTb, JIeXauaR Ha UeH~paJIb~ol? OCU 3Be3AO9eK, AOJIXHa 

HaXOAHTbCR Ha PaCCTORHHU 1370 MM OT IIJIOCKOCTH, np0xo~RIqefi Ye- 

pe3 cepenaHy 6apa6a~a ne6en~u. 

npll IIpHBOne POTOpa KaPAaHHbIM BaJIOM: 

PaCCTORHHe OT 4eHTpa CKBaXHHbI A0 JIe6eAKU AOJIXHO 6b1~b B 

COOTBeTCTBHH C ~ ~ B O A C KEIHCTPYK~H~~~; O ~ ~ 

nnocKocTb, npoxoARuaR no cepenme 6apa6a~a, nonxsa coma- 

AaTb C IIJIOCKOCTbIo, IIp0~0~Ruefi no OCU xeno6a UlKHBa K~oH~JIoK~, 

IIO KOTOPOMY ABHXeTCR BeAyuaR CTpyHa KaHaTa. 

n0CJIe BbIBepKU nOJIOXeHHR JIe6eAKH OTHOCUTeJIbHO 0Cefi CKBa- 

2KHHb1 H POTOpa OHa AOJIXHa 6b1~b nPO9HO YKpenJIeHa Ha OCHOBaHHU 

B COOTBeTCTBMH C T ~ ~ ~ O B ~ H H~ R~ MB U O A C KHHCTPYKUHU. O ~ ~ 

1. Has~asewwe, YCTPO~~CTBO H KOHCTpYKTHBHHe CXeMH ~YPOBHX ne6eno~. 

2. llapaue~p~, xapa~~epn3yiouwe 6ypoeyio ne6en~y H ee ocHoeHMe pa3- 

MepH. 

3. llon%e~abre arperaTbr THna JIBY. 

4. Top~osa 6yposnx nebenoe. 

P o ~ o p npeAHa3HaYeHbI b ~ 

AJIR BpaueHHR BepTUKaJIbHO nOABeWeH- 

HOW 6~pWJIbHofi KOJIOHHbI C ~ ~ C T O T30-300 O ~ ~ O~/MUH npU POTOPHOM 

6ype~uu UJIU BOCIIpURTUR PeaKTUBHOrO KPyTRIl&rO MOMeHTa IIpH 

6ype~uu 3a60ffHbI~U ABHraTeJIHMU. OHH CJIyXaT TaKXe AJIR IOJIJep- 

XaHHR Ha BeCy KOJIOHH ~YPHJI~HHX HJIU O~C~AH~IX ~py6, YCTaHaBJIW- 

BaeMMx Ha ero cTone Ha snesaTope unu KJIUH~RX. POTOPH TaKxe WCnOJIb3YH)TCH 

IIpU OTBUH9HBaHUH U CBHH'IUIBaHHH ~py6 l3 inpOQeCCe 

cno, JIOBUJIbHhIX H ~ B ~ P N ~ ~ pa60~. H ~ I X Po~op npeACTaBJIReT co6oii 

KaK 6b1 KOHH~~CKH~~ 3y6~a~b1W PeAyKTOp, BeAOMOe KOHU9eCKOe KOJIe- 

CO KOTOpOrO HaCaXeHO Ha BTYJIKY, COeAHHeHHYH) CO CTOJIOM. Bep~u- 

KaJIbHaR OCb CTOJIa PaCnOJIOXeHa no OCH CKBaXUHbI. 

Ha puc. V.1 no~a3a~a cxeMa poTopa. CTO~ 5 uMeeT oTsepcTwe 

AUaMeTpOM 250-1260 MM B 3aBMCMMOCTH OT THnOpa3Mepa POTOpa. 

B OTBepCTMe CTOJIa YCTaHaBJIHBaIoT BKJIaAISIIIH 7 U 3aXHMbI B~A~II@

1 - paMa; 2 - POTOP; 3 - IlelIHaFi TpaHCMHCCHR; 4 - 

K ~ P A ~ H H Ban; ~ I ~ ~ 5 - BeHTHnFiTOpbl; 6 - 3neKTpOABHrarenb 

nocronHHoro ToKa: 7 - npn~onnoil Ban; 8 - qenHaR 3Be3A09Ka; 9 - LUHHHO-lIHeBMaTU9eCKaB MY@TB; 10 - 

mapHup KapaaHHoro aana 

~py6h1 6, sepe3 KOTOPHe nepeAaeTCR ~py~rruwfi MOMeHT. 50JlbUI0e 

KoHwrecKoe Koneco 4 nepenaeT spaweawe cTony po-ropa, yppennea- 

HOMY Ha OCHOBHOR 3 W BC~OMO~~T~J'I~HO~~ 2 OnOpaX, CMOHTWPOBaHHbIX 

B KOpnyCe I, 06pa3y1oue~ OAHOBPeMeHHO MaCnRHym BaHHy finR CMa3- 

KN nepenarw w nonruHnHnKoB. 

C~epxy CTOn 3auwue~ orpanoii 8. ~MCTPOXOAHH~~ B~AYUW~~ Baa 

10 PaCIIOJIOXeH rOPII30HTaJlbHO Ha nOAUIHnHNKaX 11, BOCnPNHNMaIO- 

uHX PaAAaJIbHHe ki rOPN30HTaJIbHHe HarPy3KW. Ban 10 npkiBOnUTCE 

BO BpaueHkie OT uen~oii 3Be3nOsKH 12 HJIH C IIOMOubm BHJIKII Kap- 

AaHHoro sana, pacnonoxe~~ofi Ha KoHue sana. Po~op c~a6xe~ CTO- 

IIOpOM 9, npki BKJlIo9eHNN KOTOPOrO BpZlueHkie CTOJla CTaHOBHTCR He- 

803MOXHHM. @IIKC~UAR CTOna POTOpa H ~ O ~ X O ~ npH H M CnO ~ ki 6y- 

PeHUII 3a60fiHH~~ fiBNraTeJIRMN AJIR BOCIIPARTAR PeaKTIIBHOrO 

MOMeHTa. 

np~l~on poTopa B 6ypo~b1x ycTaHoBKax c pacnonoxeHweM ne- 

6e~~ki Ha nony 6yp0~0fi OCyueCTBJlReTCR ~enH0fi T~Z~HCMUCCII~~~ Or 

ne6en~w wnw OT I

10 CJIyXkiT AJIR @AKC~UHU CTOJIa POTOpa. 

CTO~O~HO~ 

YCTPO~~CTBO 

P~KORTK~ ynpaBneHwR CTonopHrm ~CTPORCTBOM pacnonoxesa B 

yrny6ne~ua ~epx~eii orpaAbI poTopa. B ymy6ne~uu 

oHa saun~e~a 

OT no~pex~e~wfi w, KpoMe Toro, He MeruaeT pa60~a~b. Ilpu nepeBone 

PYKORTKW B pa6oqee nonoxeaae BrmslrraeTcR ynop, BXOARUWR 

B OAHY A3 CneUNaJIbHbIX npope3efi Ha H~PYXHO~~ nOBePXHOCTA CTOJIa, 

H IIpenRTCTByeT BpaUeHkilO. 

o6nerse~w~ TpyAa pa6oqsx A YCKOPeHWR CnO POTOPbI KOMII- 

AeKTYIOT IIHeBMaTW'4eCKWMW KJIWHOBbIMA 3aXBaTaMW, AJIR ser0 Ha 

pOTOpe npf2AyCMOTpeH KPOHWT~~~H, K KOTOPOMY IIPNCOeAUHReTCR Me- 

XaHW3M nOA'bf2Ma ki OnyCKaHkiR B OTBepCTHe POTOpa KJIUHbeB. 

Akia~e~p OTBepCTWR B CTOJIe POTOPa W MaKCWMaJIbHaR CTaTHqe- 

CKaR Harpy3Ka Ha CTOJI POTOpa - OCHOBHbIe KJI~CCU@WK~UWOHH~I~ 

IIapaMeTpbI. OHW OnpeAeJIRIOT M ~ K c W M ~ J I ~ AUaMeTp H ~ I ~ ~ AOJIOTa U 

MaKCkiMaJIbHbIe AkiaMeTp A BeC O ~ C ~ A HKOJIOHHM, O ~ ~ KOTOPaR MOXeT 

6b1~b CnyUeHa B CKBaXWHY. 

OCHOBH~I~ XapaKTepkiCTUKki POTOPOB npNBeAeHM B ~a6n. V.1. 

06ecnese~w~ B3aWM03aMeHReMOCTN BHYTPeHHUe Pa3MePbI 

po~opo~ H ~ ~ n a ~ b ~ w Heaipi y x w e p a s ~ e p b ~~na~~rueii 

~ 

cTaHAap- 

TW30BaHhl. Ta~xe CTaHAapTki30BaHbI AJIkiHa W AUaMeTp KOHUa npH- 

BOAHOrO BaJIa POTOpa U PaCCTORHkie OT OCW OTBepCTUR CTOJIa A0 IIJIOC- 

KOCTA nf2pBOI'O PRAa 3y6be~ ~PWBOAHO~~ 3Be3A09KH, O ~ ~ C I I ~ ~ U B Z ~ K 

BO3MOXHOCTb IIpAMeHeHAR POTOpa Ha nm60ii 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKe. 

§ 3. PACY ET POTOPOB 

me k=0,2+0,3 - AJIR ki3HCHUeHHOrO WapOWe'4HOrO AOJIOTa, k= 

=0,1+0,2 -AJIR HOBOrO AOJIOTa npH 6ype~llu B TBepAbIX nOpOnaX; 

Pa-Harpy3Ka Ha AOJIOTO, KH; Da-~kia~e~p AOJIOTa, M. 

AOJI~OB~~HOCT~ POTOpa 3aBACkiT B OCHOBHOM OT KOHCTPJ'KUHH, KaseCTBa 

A3rOTOBJIeHWR, A~~~CTBY~OQHX Ha Her0 Harpy3OK A YXOAa 3a 

HAM. Haw6onee YR3BWMbIe 3JIeMeHTbI POTOPa - erO KOHWgeCKaR 3~6qaTaR 

nepenasa w onopM cTona. Iloc~onb~y pa3~epb1 BeAoMoro KO- 

JIeCa OnpeAeJIRlOTCR KOH~CTPYKTHBHO AHaMeTpOM II~OXOAHOI'O OTBep- 

CTUR CTOJIa POTOPa, WiCJIO ero 3y6be~ BH~IIP~K)T B 3aBUCUMOCTH OT 

MOAyJIR, nOJIysaeMOI'0 PaCseTHhlM nyTeM, H IIePeAaTO~HOI'O OTHOLUe- 

HWR ~=2,5+4. MoAYJI~ 3~69a~b1~ KOHHWCKWX KOJIeC 06~9~0 HIXO- 

AUTCR B npeAenax 10-20 MM.

nonyceae~an HarpyoKa Ha 

cTon poTopa, MH: 

CTaTHqeCKaR 

Ha~6onbruan sacToTa spaue- 

HHR CTOSIB, O~]MHH 

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n p ti M e p V.2. Onpeflenw~b qHCn0 3 ~ 6 b e 3Be3AOYKW, ~ 

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IlOCTaBUTb Ha Ban npHBOAa POTOP2 P-560 npH qaCTOTe BpaIUeHHa CTOna 

50 O~/MHH. 

Je6e~~a wMeeT npwBoA OT ABC (~wanaao~ perynwpoeaHwa R=1,5) sepes 

TpexcKopocTHym ynn npw sacToTe BpaUeHHR Ha nep~oii c~opoc~w OT 140 no 

210 O~/MHH; YWCnO 3 ~ 6 b e 3Be3AOqKW ~ 

Ha TpaHCMWCCWOHHOM Bany ne6e~~w 

z,, =27. 

Peure~ue. 

B~I~ucJIR~M CpeAHlolO PaCqeTHylO qaCTOTy BpaUeHHa 3Be3AOqKH J I ~ ~ ~ A K H 

nnacp = (140 4- 210)/2 = 175 O~/MUH. 

Yac~o~a apaueeua BeAyuero sana poropa n . ~ npu YacroTe epaueswa CTO- 

na n=50 O~/MHH 

nep -#pup - = 50.3,61 x 180 O~/MWH, 

~ ~ H H H M C ~ OKpyrJIeHHeM ~ M zBp=26 3y6bes, TOrAa CpeAHrlrl YaCTOTa BpaIUe- 

HUR 3Be3AOqKH ne6e~~w 

nn.cp = #Bp~Bp/Znl = 180.26/27 = 173 O~/MUH. 

~OAUIU~HEIKH CTOJIa POTOpa - rJIaBHbIe 3neMeHTb1, OnpeAeJIRIO- 

UHe AOJIrOBesHOCTb POTOpa. ra6apki~b1 N HarPy3KN BeAYUerO Bans 

POTOpa nO3BOJIRIoT nPHMeHRTb B er0 OnOpaX CTaHAapTHbIe n0AmHn- 

HUKH Ka9eHMR, PaCCZIHTbIBaeMbIe Ha 3HarIWTeJIbHO 60nb~Nfi CPOK 

cnyx6b1, seM onopbI cTona. Mx pacseT aaanoraqea pacseTy onop 

BaJIOB o64ero MaUIAHOCTPOeHNR. OnpeAeJleHHR HX AOnrOBeZIHO- 

CTN PaCCZIMTbIBaIOT A~~~CTBYH)WU~ Ha OnOpbl yCMJIIlR (~Nc. V.4). 

3TOr0 HaXOART YCNJINR, A~~~CTBYIOWH~ B 3auenJleHkiH: OKPYXHOe YCli- 

awe P, pannanbHoe Q w oceBoe N, a a ~ HaxoART e ~ peaeuwu cnn, neii- 

CTBYIOWNX Ha nOAUIHnHNKH. 3a pacse~~bIfi MOMeHT Mp, ~efic~~y~o- 

4ufi Ha CTOJI POTOpa, npAHAMaeTCR MOMeHT COnPOTIlBJIeHNR BpaIJle- 

HHIo 6ypkinb~0fi KOJIOHHbI ~aki60~1bUIefi AJIFiHbl AJIH AaHHOrO POTOpa. 

3 ~ pacsemym a ~ MOWHOCT~ Np, nepenaBaeMym cTonoM poTopa, 

onpenenrreM ~py~~~qwfi MoMeHT Ha €Tone poTopa 

Mp=Np/~, 

rAe dp- AMaMeTP KOHHZIeCKOI'O KOJIeCa, M. 

nocne 3~01-o OnpeAenReM cocTasnRmuxe cnnbl OT OKP~XHO~O 

ycwnm P: oceBoe mecTepHa N1, paBHoe pannanbHoMy ycwnam Ha 

Konece QZ 

P 

~VI = Q2 = - (tg a sin cpl E!I sin p cos ql), 

tg B 

(V. 5) 

w pannanbaoe mecTepHN QI, paBHoe oceBoMy ycHnuro Ha Konece NZ 

P 

QI =N2= - (tg a cos q l & sin p sin ql), 

tg B 

me ql- yron HaqanbHoro KoHyca mecTepaw, rpanychl: 

tg q112 = Ilup, 

(V.6) 

V. 1 ; dl- 

rAe up = d2/dl-nepena~o~~oe OTHOUeHNe POTOpa N3 ~a6n. 

flIlahleTp KOHH'I~CKO~ IUeCTepHN; a=2O0; p= 10+30° - YrOn HaKJIO- 

Ha 3~6beB KOI~WZI~CKO~ napbI. 

B aop~yne (V.5) 3 ~

peaKUwm Rr Ha onope r 06~9~0 He OnpeneJIRIOT, TaK KaK Ha BCllO- 

MOraTeJIbHym OnOpy A~~~CTBYWT OgeHb ~e60nbUILie cn)"IafiHbl.e CUAbI. 

n n ynOpH0-PaAHanbHbIX ~ 

nOAlUUnHHKOB, npUMeHHeMbIX B POTOpax, 

pacqeTHaR sKBnsaneHTHaR ~arpys~a 

Pn= (xFp+yFa) kTk6k&K, w.7) 

rne Fp H Fa- nocTosiHHHe no BenMsnHe u HanpasneHuIo panwanmas 

u ocesasi ~arpy3~u; x N y - KO~@@UUU~HTH panuanb~ofi w oce~ofi 

1 

AnHaMuqecKux HarpY30K, IIpu OTHOrUeHUU Fa/Fp=l* Ill yrne KOH- 

TaKTa IIIapOB 7>40° npUHHMaIoT ~=0,35 H y=0,57; k~ - TeMnepa- ~ y p ~ b KO~@@WUM~HT, 

~ f i 

npn TeMnepaType MeHee 100 "C kT= 1; ka= 

= 1,8+2,5 - KO~@@H~H~HT ~~~OII~CHOCTN AJIR POTOPOB; k, = 0,6+ 

+0,8 - KO~@@NI~N~HT 3KBUBaJIeHTHOCTU; kK- K ~ H ~ M ~ T H ~ KO- ~ C K H ~ ~ 

~@@II&W~HT, IIpH BpaueHHH BHyTPeHHerO KOJIbUa IIOAuIHnHHKa llpH- 

HUMaeTCR kK= 1. 

Pannanb~a~ ~arpys~a Fp nnx pacseTa nonrosesHocTw nonruun- 

HUKa rJIaB~0fi OnOpbI B CTOJIa POTOpa IIpHHHMaeTCR paBH0fi OKPYX- 

HOMY YCMJIMlO P, TaK KaK UX nJIOCKOCTW ~ ~ ~ ~ C TnOgTH B U R COBnaqaIo?': 

Fp=P. 

Ocesa~ ~arpya~a, nefic-r~y~oua~ ~a onopy B c~ona po-ropa, + 

rAe G - sec cTona poTopa B c6ope; N2 - OceBoe ycunue, cosnasae- 

Moe B ~ Y ~ ~ T3a~eune~nn; O M NT - oceBoe ycunne OT TpeHuR senyaefi 

TPY~~I 0 BKJIaAbIUU POTOpa npH nBHXeHUH 6yp~nb~0fi KOJIOHHbI 

BHU3 

Nr =MpfclR, (V.9) 

rAe f, = 0,2 t 0,3 - KO~@@NI~U~HT TpeHUR Be~yuefi ~py6bI 0 3aXH- 

M ~ I po-ropa; R = 0,l M - panwyc npunoxeHnR ~arpy3~n Mexny Beli 

3aXNMaMM POTOPa. 

~yuefi ~py60fi 

I7 p H M e p V.2. H ~ ~ T H 

pacseTHoe oceBoe ycanae, nefic~~ymuee Ha rnaeriyro 

onopy cTona, H AonrosesHocTb rna~~ofi onopbI poTopa P-560 npH my6w~e 

CKBBXHH~I 4000 M, ecnH H3BeCTH0, '4TO Ha BpaUeHHe 6ypwnb~ofi KOJIOHHbl C 9a- 

CTOTO~ n=50 O~/MAH ~eo6xonu~a MO~HOCT~ Np=300 KBT. Bec 6ypHnb~ofi 

KOnOHHbI Q6K=l,6 MH, BeC CTOna POTOPa C BKAaAbIUIaMH G=20 KH. AH~M~T~ KOHHYeCKOrO Koneca d2=0,975 M, yron HaKnoHa 3y6be~ i3=30°, yron saqenneHHn 

a=20°. 

Pemen~e. 

Haxons~ paceTHbIfi KpyTR1~1ik MOMeHT Ha CTOne POTOPa 

* PA ApyrwX 3HaeHHRX OTHOlueHHR CM. rOCT 18855-82. 

t 

a:, 

Pacse~~as panwanmafi narpys~a Ha onopy B 

Fp= P= 118 KH. 

me KO~@@HUU~HT fe=0,3 H paAHyC f?=0,1 M. 

Oceeoe ycnnwe Ha Konece BbrswcnseM no @op~yne (V3) 

118 

N, = - (tg 20" cos 31" + sin 30" sin 31") = 

tg 30" 

rue tg(pi/2=1/up=1/3,61=0,277, Torna (p1/2=15"30', a 2.(p1=2.15030'=310; 

up=3,61 w3 ~a6n. V.1. 

Pacse~~oe oceBoe ycnnwe Ha onopy B no @op~yne (V.8) 

Fa = 20 + 171 + 116 = 307 KH. 

Pacse~~arr ~arpys~a 

ks=2 w k,=10,6 

P, = (0,35.118 + 0,57.307)2+0,6 = 260 KH = 0,26 MH. 

Ha rnaeHyro onopy B poTopa w3 YpaBHenwn (V.7) npu 

B poTope P-560 B rna~nok onope npnMeHeHa luapwKoaaa onopa c noAluwn- 

HHKOM & 91682/750~ CO C T ~ T ~ Y ~ CrpY30nOA'beMHOCTbH) K O ~ ~ 

Co.=4,1 MH A nE- 

H~MHY~CKO~~ rPY30IIOA'beMHOCTbH) Ca=0,444 MH. 

~ ~ O ~ ~ O B ~ H O C T ~ 

nonluwnHwKa mae~ofi onopn 

I.4 HOpMaM AOJrOBeYHOCTb ~JI~BHoG OnOpbI POTOpa nOJlXHi3 

6b1~b He MeHee 3000 s, a sanac nposHocTw onopH no CT~TTW~CKO~~ ~arpys~e He 

MeHee 2,5. Pacse~ no~asbreae~, YTO po~op 06ecnera~ae~ noc~a~osnblfi aanac npE 

~PUHRTO~~ HarPY3Ke, HO He 06e~ne~WBaeT H~O~XOAHMO~~ AOJIrOBeYHOCTH. 

$j 4. MOHTAX M 3KCIlJIYATAUMR POTOPOB 

Hanex~a~ pa6o~a 

POTOpa BO MHOrOM 3aBUCUT OT nPaBHJlbHOCTIB 

er0 MOHTaXa N 3KCnJIyaTaUUU. O~H~HO POTOP YCTaHaBJlUBaIoT B Ha- 

3aX BbIUIeqHOrO OCHOBaHNH. ~OPU~OHT~JI~HOCT~ CTOna CneAyeT BbI- 

BePRTb no YPOBHIO. U ~ H npOXOAHOr0 T ~ 

OTBePCTPIR AOJIXeH CTPOrO 

COBIIaAaTb C re~h.r€!~pUqe~~~fi OCbIo CKBaXNHbI. 

npu MosTaxe poTopa c npIiBoAoM OT n e 6 e U ~ ~ ~ H~ H O nepena- ~ ~ 

sefi H ~O~XOAUMO 06paUal.b BHUMaHNe Ha TO, ~TO~I,I se3yUee KOJeCO 

Ha Bany ne6en~u E: BeAohIoe UenHoe Koneco Ha neAyqeM sany POTOpa 

Haxonunncb B OAHO~~ nnocKocmi 6e3 nepeKoca. napannenb~oe 

CMeUeHFie AOnyCTUMO He 6onee qeM 0,5 MM Ha 1 M AnNHbI MeXUeHT- 

POBOrO PaCCTOHHBFI.

Pacc~o~~ue OT BbIxonHoro +na~ua npesemopa unu o6can~ofi 

KOJIOHHbI A0 HNXHerO TOpua BTYJIKU CTOJIa POTOpa AOJIXHO 6bI~b He 

MeHee 600 MM. n p N MOHTaXe POTOpa H ~ O ~ X O ~ H IIpOBepNTb M O 

Hanmue 

H KasecTBo C M ~ ~ KB U ero Kopnyce. 3 a ~ e ~ 

npOBepHyTb CTOJI POTOpa Ha HeCKOJIbKO O~OPOTOB. CTOJI nOJIXeH np0- 

BOpaZIUBaTbCR yCNJINeM OnHOrO pa6osero: eCnU CTOJI CBO~O~HO BpawaeTcR 

(6e3 saena~~fi), TO ero Hano npoBepnTb Ha xonocToe spaweHue 

OT CEinoBoro npnBona B TeseHEie 15-20 MUH, ~a6~11ofiaR 3a 

nJIaBHOCTbIO pa60~b1 U Te~nepaTypofi. 

nep~b~e 2-3 AHR 3KC~J'IYaTa~NN HOBOrO POTOpa H~O~XO~~AMO OCO- 

~ ~ H HTuaTeJIbHO O 

CJIeAUTb 3a Te~IIepaTypofi U YPOBHeM CMa3KU. KaseCTB0 

CMa3KH HaAO IIpOBepRTb B TeseHNe BCerO BpeMeHN 3KCIIJIya- 

Tauwu po-ropa. nosbrrue~~le TeMnepaTypbI Kopnyca poTopa mrue 

80 "C HenOnyCTUMO. 

M~HRT~ MaCJIO N nPOMbIBaTb POTOP CJIeAyeT B COOTBeTCTBUM C 

~ ~ B O A C KIIHCTPYKUN~~~. O ~ ~ Ecn~ B M~CJIRHO~~ BaHHe 6y~e~ 

PaCTBOp NJIU rpR3b, TO KOPnYC POTOPa AOJIXeH 6bI~b OIIOpOXHeH N 

nPOMbIT, nOCJIe qer0 MOXeT 6b1Tb BOCCTaHOBJIeHa pa6o~a. 

Ecnu B npouecce pa60Tb1 poTopa H~~JIIO~~IOTCR P~IBKU, spes~epnbrii 

HarpeB, CTYKU unki npyrMe HenOnanKw, TO pa6o~a poTopa fionx- 

Ha 6b1~b IlpeKpaUeHa. Po~op HaAO 3aMeHUTb APYrEiM NJIU er0 CJIenyeT 

OTpeMOHTHPOBaTb, YCTpaHUTb A~@~KT~I, IlOCJIe YerO IlOBTOPUTb 

ero onpo6o~a~~e. 

1cnenye.r ~pys~ym 

06~apyXe~ 

Yxon 3a POTOPOM B npouecce 3KcnnyaTaunN aa~n~osae~c~ B cnenymueM: 

CUCTeMaTUVeCKaR O~MHBK~ POTOpa CHapyXU N YAaJIeHNe paCTB0pa 

N rp~3~; 

nposepKa COCTORHUR CTonopHoro M ~ X ~ H H ~ M ~ ; 

nepH0n CMa3KH 

Mec~o CM~JKH I OHMa 

3y6sa~a~ KOHUse- 

CKaR nepenasa, 

rnaBHan 11 BcnoMora~enb~a~ 

OnOpbl 

Kap~ep npuBoAaoro 

B2na 

Bcno~ora~enbaan 

onopa a nonuanan- 

KU npUBOAHOrO Baaa 

Macao AHAYCT- 

paaabuoe 50, 

M-50A (TOCT 

20799-75) 

To xe 

I~~c+'Io UHAYCTpuaabaoe 

12, 

M-12A (TOCT 

20799-75) 

To xe 

C~asrta yausepcanbaarr cpenue- 

nnaBKaFi YC-3 (TOCT 1033-79) 

Y~asanue no c~a3~e 

B BaHHY 3aJIUBaH)T MaCnO 

B CooTseTcTBuu c NHCTPYK- 

uuefi. ~onod~aeaue BaHHbr 

no Mepe H~~IO~HOCTU. KOR- 

TpOnb YPOBHR IIIYIIOM eXe- 

AHeBHO. C M ~ Macna H ~ He 

pexe onHoro pasa B 2 Mec 

nonoa~e~ae no 0,5 x 

1 pa3 B Henearn 

OCMOTP ~KJIa~blLtIeii N 3aXUMOB ~e~ywea ~py6b1 (3a~enKU AOAX- 

H ~ CBO~OAHO 

I 

nepeMeuaTbcR OT ycunm py~s) ; 

nposepea nerKocTn Bpaweaurr cTona; 

KpenJIeHNe ~OJITOB I4 IlOnTRXKa raeK; 

c~a3~a uenn TpaHcmccan u npoBepKa COCTORHUR OrpaxneHNs; 

nposepKa YPOBHR N KagecTBa Macna B KapTepe. 

n p N MOHTaXe U AeMOHTaXe pOTopa H~O~XO~HMO CO~JIIOA~T~ ripe- 

~OCTO~OXHOCTN: nonHnMaTb w nepeMewaTb po~op Hano B TOPII30H- 

TanbHOM IlOJIOlKeHnH, 3aXBaTbIBaR er0 B TpeX TOsKaX 3a PaMbI KOpnyca, 

BO ~36exa~ue nepeBopasusaHm, s ~ MoxeT o npNBecTki K TpaB- 

MNPOBaHUIO pa6osux. 

3y6sa~arr IIepenasa U OnOpbI pOTOpa CMa3bIBaIOTCR U3 o6weii BaH- 

HbI NJIN MaCJIRHbIM HaCOCOM no& AaBJIeHNeM. Macno I3 KapTep 3aJIH- 

BaIOT ~epe3 OTBepCTUe, aa~pb~~ae~oe npo6~oii. B npobey BCTaBJIs- 

H)T 4Yn, C IlOMOubIO KOTOPOrO OnpefieJIRIOT YpOBeHb MaCJIa B BaHHe. 

R HeKOTOPbIX KOHCTPYKUNRX POTOPOB IIOAUIWIIHNKN BenYWerO BaJIa 

CMa3bIBaloT N3 npyr0fi BaHHbI NJIN KOHCHCT~HTHO~? C M ~ ~ K O ~ . 

MaCJIO U n0nOJIHRTb BaHHy H~O~XOAMMO B COOTBeTCTBNW C ~~BOACKO~ 

NHCTPYKUU~~~. Kap~a CMa3KU pOTOpa npuBeAeHa B ~a6n. V.2. 

I. Ha3~ase~ae a cxeMa poTopa. 

2. OCHOBH~~~ napaMeTpbr, xapa~~epw3yro~we po~op. 

3. Harpys~u, ~eirc~syroruwe Ha rnaBHyro onopy poTopa. 

4. ~ o ~ ~ w rnaBunx n ~ a ~ onop w po~opo~ a ax KOHCTPYKUNR. 

5. ~o~urec~ue 3y6saTbre nepenasw c KoCnM 3~60~. 

6. OCHOBH~I~ IIpaBUJIa MOHTaXa N 3KCIIJl)'aTaUUU POTOPOB. 

rJlABA VI 

RHCTPYMEHT H MEXAH113MbI 

AJlJl CnYCI(0-IlOAEEMHbIX OnEPAuU1S 

M~HRT~ 

Cnyc~o-non.be~~bre onepauwi (CFIO) npw 6ype~~u cKsaxkiH - 

TpynoeMKaR N TRxenaR pa6o~a, Ha KOTOPYIO sa~pas~sae~cs B cpen- 

HeM 18-20°/0 Bcero KaneHnapHoro BpeMeHki 6ype~w~. 

MHOrO BpeMeHU 3aHUMaIOT 3TN pa60~b1 npll 6 y p e ~ ~ my6o~sx 

l u 

CKBa- 

XkiH. Ann 06nerse~u~ TpyAa pa6ossx npu BbIIIOJIHeHNN CnO N yCT- 

PaHeHR OnaCHbIX npUeMOB pa6o.r C03AaHbI MeXaHW3M CnYCKO-no&%eMa 

(MCn), ~ B T O M ~ T U ~ ~ CnyCKO-nOA'behf C K U ~ ~ (ACn), KJIIOsN fins 

CBNH9NBaHNSI TPY~ (AK6-3M), IIHeBMaTMseCKNe KJIUHOBbIe 3aXBaTbI, 

nHeBMopacKpenuTenn N np. 

~ ~ O U IIOA'beMa ~ C C 6 y p ~ n b ~ oKOJIOHHbI i i 

W3 CKBaXNHbI COCTONT N3 

UUKJIHseCKU nOBTOpRIoUNXCR B 0npe~eJIeHH0fi nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTH 

onepauw fi: 

Oco6e~~o 

141

IIOA'beM ~cefi KOJIOHHbI Ha AJIUHy, H~MHO~O ,60JIblUyIo AJIUHbI on- 

~0fi CBe9U; // 

OCTaHOBKa KOJIOHHbI B lTOABeIUeHHOM COC~HHUU; 

YCTaHOBKa KOJIOHHbI Ha CTOJI POTOpa KJIMHbH U OCBO~OXA~HA~ 

I~OAHRTO~~ CBegU OT pa~~HrU~aIo4efi ~aTa)l3~U; 

OTBUH4UBaHMe CBeYU OT KOJIOHHbI R YCTaHOBKa ee BHYTPU 6ypo- 

BOG B ~IIellUaJIb~bIfi MaTa3UH; 

CnyCK HeHarpyXeHHbIX KpIoKa A 3JIeBaTOpa AJIH nOA%eMa KOJIOll- 

H ~ Ha I Anmy osepe~~ofi csesu; 

OCTaHOBKa KpIOKa AJIH 3aXBaTa KOJIOHHbI; 

3aXBaT U nOA%eM KOJIOHHbI Ha AJlUHy cJIe~yIo4efi CBeYU. 

CIlyc~aIo~ KOJIOHHY B 06pa~Hofi IlOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTU. 

n0cJIe TOTO, KaK CTBOA CKBaXUHbI npo6ype~ Ha OnpeAeJIeHHyKl 

my6u~y ero KpenHT, AJIH YeTO B CKBaXUHy CnyCKaIoT O~C~AHYIO 

KOJIOHHY, COCTORIJQ'K) I13 O ~C~AH~IX TPY~ AJIUHO~~ 6-12 M. 

Ann BbIIIOJIHeHUH BCeX 3TUX 0IIepaUUfi 6ypo~a~ YCTaHOBKa c~a6- 

XaeTCH KOMIlJIeKCOM MeXaHU3MOB U UHCTPYMeHTa AJIH 3aXBaTa, nOA'beMa, 

yAepxaaua Ha secy unu Ha cTone poTopa 6ypunb~oii unu 06- 

C ~ A H O KOJIOHHbI ~ ~ IlpU CBUHWiBaHUU U pa3BUHYUBaHUH ~py6, U3BJIe- 

KaeMbIX A3 CKBaXUHbI UJIH Cn~CKaeMbIX B Hee. BbIIIOJIHeHki% 

3TNX 0lTepa~Ufi NCIIOJIb3yIoT 3JIeBaTOpbI, ~nkHosb1e 3aXBaTbI, npeho- 

XPaHUTeJIbHbIe IIOHCa, MeXaHU9eCKUe, MalUUHHbIe U KPYTOBbIe KJII0qI.L. 

9 2. IIHCTPYMEHT AJIFl3AXBATA, llOA'bEMA II llEPEHOCA 

, TPY6 II CBEYEU 

B IlpaKTUKe 6ype~u~ CKBaXHH HCnOJIb3YIOTCR ABa cnoco6a 3a- 

XBaTa A nOABeLUUBaHUH ~YPNJI~H~IX U O~C~AHHX KOJIOHH: 351 3anJIeq- 

HUK NnH KOHYCH~I~~ ycTyn 3a~~a; 3a Ten0 ~py6b1 (3a cYeT ee o6xa- 

THH). B IIepBOM CJIyYae IIpNMeHHIOT 3JIeBaTOpbI CO CTBOPKaMEI M 

~py6o~epxa~ena (puc. VI.1, a), BO -BTOPOM cnygae - KnHHbm 

KonoHHy 3a Ten0 ~py6b1, UJIU nna- 

(puc. VI.1, 6), sax~a~b~~a~ouue 

membre 3ne~a~op~. 3~e6Cl~opbt AJIH IIOABeLUHBaHNH 6ypUnb~bI~ H O~C~AH~IX T P Y ~ 

IIpUMeHHIoT npU HaTpy3KaX 1250-3200 KH. TO KOpIIyCHbIe 3JIeBa- 

TOPbI Tuna 31< AHaMeTPaMU 114-426 MM A Tuna 1

! 

A B T O M ~ T W ~ ~ C K H 

k,i 

~ ~ 

3JIeBa,TOp 3A 0 IIpkiMeHReTCR B CHcTeMax 

ACn. no KOHCTPYKUNU OH OTHOC CR K snesaTopaM, B KO- 

TOPhIX ~py6a IIOABelUkiBaeTCR 3a ~J'IocKN" OpeU 3aMKa. Ha PHC. VI.3 

no~a3a~a KOHCTPYKUNR aBToMaTnyecK o snesaTopa. OH nonserua- 

BaeTCR Ha ABYX UITPOnaX 7 K ABYPO@MY KPIOKy, BCTPOeHHOMY B Ta- 

JIeBhIfi 6no~ C UeHTpaJIbHbIM OTBep~fkie~ AJIR IIpOnyCKa CBeYH. B KOpnyce 

snesaTopa 2 noMeuem ~pq'~nw~a 3, noAxBaTmiamune 3aMOK - 

10 CBerlki nOA er0 TOpeU. I(JIHH~R 3 n0AHkiMaH)TCR N OnYCKaIOTCR aB- 

TOMaTWzIeCKN CWCT~MO~~ PhIZIarOB 4 W IIpyXkiHaMki 5. < 

Bo spem nepeMeueHwR snesaTopa ponuKa 6 CTpeMxTcR npu6nw- 

3WTbCR K er0 OCH nOA A ~ ~ ~ C T BIIpyXkiH H ~ M 5. KJINH~FI 3 nplr 3TOM He 

3aXBaThIBaIOT ~py6y 10, HO KaK TofibKO POJ'IHKN AOXOART A0 TOpUa 

3aMKa, OHW 3aXBaTbaBaIOT ee 3a TenO. 

npki IIOA'beMe 6ypkinb~ofi KOJ'IOHHhI A0 IIOCaAKA ee Ha KJIUHbR PO- 

TOpa BCe KJlNHbR 3 3J'IeBaTOpa OnyueHbl BHN3 A0 OTKa3a. OHA OnU- 

PaIOTCR Ha KOHA9eCKYH) PaCTOYKY 3J'IeBaTOpa N nJIOTH0 O~XUM~IOT : 

Ten0 ~py6b1, BOCnPNHNMaR HaTPY3KY ~ O A H N M ~ ~ KOJIOHHbI M O ~ ~ sepe3 

TOpeU 3aMKa. n0cJIe IIOCaAKki KOJIOHHbI Ha KJ'INHbR POTOpa 3J'IeBaTOp 

cnycKamT, npw TOM ynpasnmuse ponueu, HaxoARulrecR HaA TOP- 

U0M 3aMKa ~OAHFITO~~ CBeZIH, He n03~0hRH)~ KJINHbRM 3 PaCKPhIBaTbCR. ' 

no& ~efic~sae~ seca snesaTopa npyxsaba 5 CxNMamTcx, HanpaBnRmuue 

ponlrKa 6 pacxoAmcR, a snesaTop sap~xae~c~, T. e. KnwHbR :' 

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xpensTenR nonBonmcR c~a~arii BO~AYX, nepe~euamusfi nopIIIeHb 

no ummnpy 113 onHoro ~pafi~ero nonoxeHwR B npyroe. 

BO BpeMR nBNXeHUR nOpIUeHb YBJIeKaeT 3a co6oii LUTOK N HaTRrwsaeT 

np~lcoenw~e~~hlti K HeMy KaHaT, nepe~eua~ 

MammHoro Knwsa, sa~penn~~ wn~ pacKpennRR sa~~o~oe coenwae- 

Hue. B ne6en~ax nocnenawx K O H C T ~ ~ K T~ a W m e ~ nHeBMopacKpenn- 

~ 

TeAU BCTPaNBaIOTCR C 3a~~efi ee CTOPOHhl N npU nOMOuN PRna 6no- 

KOB BHBOAFIT KaHaT B XenaeMoM HanpasneHNw. 

nps TOM pys~y 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

5 4. OEOPYAOBAHHE ~J'ljI MEXAHU3AUUU H ABTOMATH3AUHH 

cno 

C~YCK 

U IIOn'beM 6ypNnbHofi KOnOHHhl - CJIOXHMR N T~YAO~MKN% 

npOueCC, ~ ~ B N C R OT ~ IMY~NHH I ~ ~ CKBaXNHhl N gACJIa pefic0~ AOJIO- 

Ta. C ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ Icnoco6~ O U H ~ ki 060py~o~a~kie AJIR aBTOMaTU3aUN.U 

3TOrO IIpOueCCa KOHCTPYKTNBHO CJIOXHHe Pi AOPOrOCTORI4Ne, n03TOMY 

OHN npNMeHRIOTCR npw 6ype~sw CKBaXNH rny6ki~oii 6onee 4000 M 

Tex cnysarrx, Korna 6onb~~oe sscno pefic0~ AonoTa. llp~ ~ e s ~ a s ~ l - 

TeJIbHOM sUCJIe pefic0B AOJIOTa N ~eHbIUefi rny6ki~e 3KOHOMN9eCKN 

uenecoo6pa3~ee ACnOnb3OBaTb CNCTeMbI C ~ ~ C T N ~ ~exaHN3auNeR. 

H O ~ ~ 

AnR MeXaHN3auUU cno IIPWMeHRIOT MeXaHN3MH B pa3JIH9HhIX 

KOM~WH~~NRX, a nnR TRXeJIhlX ~CJIOBH~~ pa60~h1- aBTOMaTAeCKNe 

CWCTeMH ACn-3M. B MeXaHH3NPOBaHHhlX CMCTeMaX NCnOJIb3YIOTCO 

06hls~hle TaneBbIe CNCTeMhl N cno BeAyTCR 6e3 COBMeueHNR n0 Bpe- 

MeHA OTAenbHbIX 0nepauNfi. npki CNCTeMaX ACn-3M COBMeI4aIOTCR 

onepauaa cnycKa HeHarpyxeHHoro 3nesaTopa c oTsnHsssaHweM u 

Y~O~KOR CBeW npki CnycKe 6ypNnbH0fi KOJIOHHbl WJIN nonaski K POTO- 

py ki CBkiHsNBaHkie ~Besefi. TO ~pe6ye'r npNMeHeHNR 6onee LUUpOKUX 

K~OH~JIOK~ A TaJIeBOrO 6no~a, a TaKXe YCJIOXHReT MOHTaX BhlLUKW. 

npa~e~e~ne ACn-3M s~asw~enb~o 06nersae~ 

Tpyn pa6osax npa 

CnO B npOueCCe 6ypeHNR my60~kix CKBaXAH N YCKOPReT 3TW pa- 

60~~. 

ACn 06ecnesnsae~: 

COBMeueHNe no BpeMeHA CnyCKO-nOn'beMa KOJIOHHH ~YPNJI~H~IX 

I ~py6 ki HeHarpyXeHHOrO 3JIeBaTOpa C YCT~HOBKO~~ CBeW Ha nOACBes- 

HNK, B~IHOCOM ee c noAcsesHwKa, a TaKxe c onepauwmw no CBNH- 

WiBaHNIo N Pa3BNH9NBaHNIO CBe9W; 

MeXaHN3auNIO CBNHWiBaHNR N Pa3BHH9NBaHMR 6ypNJIbHhl~ TPY~; 

MeXaHN3auNIO YCTaHOBKN ~Besefi Ha lTOACBe9HWK A BhlHOC WX K 

UeHTpy CKBaXWHH; 

~BTOM~TH~~UNIO ynpasneHwR 3nesaTopoM npw 3axsa~e N oc~o- 

60xne~kiki NM KOnOHHH 6y~NnbHbI~ TPY~; 

MeXaHN3auAIO 3aKpeIIJIeHN.R KOnOHHbI ~~PNJI~HHX ~py6 B pOTOpe. 

AJIR CoBMeueHm onepauwii npA non'beMe N cnycKe KOJIOHH npn- 

MeHReTCR CneuAaJIbHaR TaJIeBaR CWCTeMa, COCTORUaR N3 TaJIeBOrO 

6no~a, aBToMaTnsecKoro sne~a~opa N npwcnoc06ne~~~ AJIR saxsa~a 

BepTnwra. Tane~~fi 6no~ oTnwsaeTcR OT O ~ H ~ H O TeM, ~ O TO Ase 

' CeKUNN LUKWBOB pa3ABWHyThl OTHOCNTeJIbHO B~PTNK~JI~HO~~ OCs n COeANHeHH 

TP~B~PCO~~, no3~on~1oueii CnyCKaTb U nOnHAMaTb ero no 

CBese; B 3T0 BPeMR COeAIlHeHNe pa3BNHsUBaeTCR UJIA CBUHsUBaeTCR 

KJIIosOM AI(6-3M2. TaKaR CXeMa nO3BOJIReT WHT~HCW@N~NPOB~T~ 

pa60~~ nyTeM coBMemeHuR BO BpeMeHw onepauaw noA%eMa N cnycKa 

I sarpy~e~~oro s ~esarpyxe~~oro TaneBoro 6no~a c onepauwaMw

CBMHrIUBaHHR H Pa3BHHrIHBaHHR CBesH, YCTaHOBKM ee Ha IIOJJCBesHHK 

M llepeHOCa 42 IIOACBerIHHKa K UeHTPY CKBaXWHbl. 

YCT~HOBK~ ACn-3M (~Hc. VI.11) COCTOHT M3 IIyJIbTa YnpaBJIe- 

HUH 1, TaJIeBOrO 6no~a 6, aBTOMaTHseCKOr0 3JIeBaTOpa 5; IIHeBMaTHrIecKoro 

POTOPHOrO KJIMHOBOrO 3ax~a~a 3, KJIIOsa AKE-3M2 2, UeH- 

TpaTopa 8 AnR yAepxaHm c~eseii B BepTuKanbHoM nonoxeawn, Me- 

X ~ H W 3ax~a~a 

~ M ~ cBerIH 7, M~X~HH~MOB noA3eMa cseslr 13 H nepeaoca 

cBesn 12. 

C B ~ ~ yCTaHaBJIMBaIOTCR M 

Ha IIOACBesHHKH 4, a BePXHRR HX saCTb 

~~BOABTCR B ~ a r a 9, 3 YAepxasamuHe ~ ~ ~ csew B OnpeAeneHHoM 

nopsAKe Ha lIOACBesHMKe. Ha~epxy 6yp0~06 YCTaHOBJIeHH KPOH- 

6no~ 10 C AOnOJIHHTeJIbHblM WKHBOM 11 H ABa npncnoco6~1e~n~ AJIH 

sa~penne~~~ 

HanpaBnxmunx KaHaToB qeHTpaTopa. 

T~xHoJIo~H~I~cK~R cxeMa c n y c ~ o - n o ~ % e onepaqnii ~ ~ ~ x c Mexa- 

HM3MaMM ACII-SM no~a3aHa Ha PMC. VI.12. 

Tpy6~ llOAHHMaIOT B CJIeAyIOueM llOpRAKe. 

I. Tane~b~fi 6no~ 3 HaXOnMTCR B K p a f i ~ e HNXHeM ~ IIOJIOXeHMH, 

KJIMHbR OnyueHbl H IIOAAepXUBaIOT Ha POTOpe KOJIOHHY TPY~; aBT0- 

M~TM~I~cKM~~ 3JIeBaTOp 4 3aXBaTMn OrIepeAHyIO CBerIy 6. B 3T0 BpeMR 

npM llOMOuU MeXaHH3Ma PaCCTaHOBKH 2 OTBHHseHHaR CBesa IIepe- 

HOCMTCR Ha nOACBerIHMK 7. KJIlOq AI(6-3M2 5 OTBeAeH OT YCTbR 

CKBaXHHbI. 

11. Tane~bIii 6no~ 3 C 3JIeBaTOpOM 4 IIOAHMMaeT KOJIOHHY 6ypkiJIb- 

HbIX TPY~. B 3TO Xe BPeMR MeXaHM3M 3aXBaTa CBerIH 1 C T ~ J I ~ X K O ~ ~ 

MeXaHM3Ma PaCCTaHOBKH 2 IIpOAOJIXaeT IIepeHOCMTb PaHee IIOAHRTYIo

CBeYy 6 Ha IIOACBeYHNK 7. POTOPH~I~ KJIUHbR nOAHRTbI B BepXHee 

nonoxeaue. Knms AKB-3M2 5 OTBeAeH. 

111. Tane~brfi 6no~ 

3 IIpOAOJIXaeT nOAHWMaTbCR. M~X~HN~M 

IIOAXeMa CBeYU 8 yCTaHOBUJl CBery Ha nOACBeYHWK 7; KJIUHbR U KJIIO9 

AKB-3M2 5 HaXOARTCR B npeXHeM OTBeAeHHOM IIOJIOXeHUU. 

IV. Tane~~fi 6no~ 3 IIOAHRJI KOJIOHHY TPY~ 

Ha BbICOTY OAHO~ 

CBeYW. KJIWH~H OIIyweHbI B POTOP U 3aXWMaIOT KOJIOHHY. M~X~HU~~LI 

sax~a~a csew c ~enex~ofi 2 n e p e ~ ~ ~ l r B a ncxoAHoe e ~ c ~ nonoxeHkie, 

KJIIoY AKB-3M2 5 IIOABOAUTCR K KOJIOHHe. 

V. Knm AKB-3M2 5 3aBeAe~ Ha 3aMKOBOe CoeAUHeHkfe II pa3- 

BUHYWBaeT OsepeAHyKI CBeYy 6. Tane~b~ii 6no~ 3 C 3JIeBaTOpOM 4 

OIIyCKaeTCR no KOJIOHHe ~py6. 

VI. Knm AKB-3M2 5 ~ ~ ~ B U H Y Ucsesy, B ~ ~ ~aJIe~bIfi 

T 6no~ 3 

OnyCKaeTCR BHW3. M~X~HN~M 

3aXBaTa 1 IIOABOAWTCR K 0Yepe~~ofi 

meye. 

VII. KnmY AKB-3M2 5 OTBeAeH B MCXOAHOe nonoXeHue, TaJIe- 

~bIfi 6 ~ 3 0 OIIYCTAJICR ~ B HWXHee IIOJIOXeHWe. M~X~HH~M 

3aXBaTa 1 

BbIABUHYT, 3aXBaTbIBaeT OYepeAHyIo CBeYy 6 U BbIBOAWT ee. KJIUHOBO~~ 

3aXBaT IIp0~0JIlkae~ YAepXUBaTb KOJIOHHY ~YPAJI~H~IX TPY~, 3aTeM 

UWKJI nOBTOPReTCR AJIR IIOAXeMa KOJIOHHbI Ha AJIWHy ~JIe~yIOwefi 

CBeYn. 

CII~CK ~py6 IIPOBOAWTCR B 06pa~~0fi nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTA. 

Y I I ~ ~ B J I ~ MeXaHU3MaMW H H ~ ACn-3M OCyueCTBJIReTC5i C IIOCTa 

6ypWJIbuW~a, Ha KOTOPOM HaXOARTCR HeCKOJIbKO IIyJIbTOB: 

IIyJIbT 6ypUJIbu~~a, Ha KO'IOPOM BbIIIOJIHRIOTCR 06bIrI~b1e Onepa- 

UWW U YIIpaBJIeHNe IIHeBMaTWYeCKWM KJIUHOBbIM 3aXBaTOM; 

IIyJIbT YIIpaBJIeHUR, OTKyAa IIOMOuHMK 6ypWJIbuki~a yIIpaBJlReT 

KJIIorOM AKB-3M2; 

nynbT, c KoToporo pa6os~fi ynpasncIeT KoMaHAoannapaTaMn 

sne~~po~~ura~enefi 

nepeAsnxeHwR TenexKw n cTpenbI ~exa~ns~a 

3aXBaTa CBeYW, a TaKXe IIHeBMaTUYeCKUM UUJIUHAPOM MeXaHU3Ma 

noAXeMa cseq. 

Tenex~a MeXaHU3Ma PaCCTaHOBKW c~esefi 2 YnPaBJIReTCH aBT0- 

MaTBYeCKB C IIOMOubIo C~JI~CHHHO-~JIe~Ruefi CWCTeMbI. n e p e ~ ~ U X e - 

Hlie TeJIeWKU U CTPeJIbI MeXaHM3Ma 3aXBaTa CBeYU C~JIOKUPOB~HO C 

. . . . . . . . . . . . ACn-3M1 ACn-3M4 

Tnn ~exa~ns~a 

itonyc~w~a~ ~arpys~a ~a ~anesyto CNCTeMY, MH 2,5 

4nn~a caern, M . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Bblco~a non'be~a csern npw hepeaoce, M . . . 

Pacxon sosnyxa Ha on~y onepaunro, M~ . . . 

finw~a xona, M: 

Tenex~n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,2 

c~penb~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,76 

06ua~ Macca, T: 

M~X~HW~MOB noA%eMa, nepeHoca n paccTaHoeeu 

ceeseii . . . . . . . . . 

T~JI~BOG CMCTeMbl . . . . . . . . . . . 6,3 

23-29 

0,85 

0,s 

3,2 

2,75 

5,62 

19,2 

9,6 

ABUXeHUeM TaneBoro 6no~a TaKUM 06pa30~, YTO UCKJIIOraeTCR B03- 

MOXHOCTb CTOJIKHOBeHUH ~ J I O K C ~ MeXaHU3MOM 3aXBaTa CBeYU. 

n p u M e p Vl.1. Hafi~w CyMMapHOe sUCJI0 C B H H ~ F ~ B ~ H H H ~ ~ pa3~LiHsHBaH~fi 

6ypoab1~ ~[ntoso~ AK6-3M2 npw CnO w HaparswBaHww B nposecce 6ype~wn 

CKBaXUHbI rny6n~ofi Lc=4000 M. Ecnw npWHRTb, TO noTpe6yeTc~ CAeJIaTb 

8=25 pefic0~ AJIR CMeHhl AOJIOT IIpU ~OCTORHHO~~ npOXOAKe Ha AOJIOTO, CBeraX 

nnn~oil lcl=25 M us neyx rpy6 no lTl=12,5 M w csesax nnw~ofi lc2=27 M n3 

TpeX ~py6 AJIUHO~~ I~2=9 M. 

Perue~ne. 

Haxonw~ o6uyto AnUHy 6ypIiJIb~bl~ KOJIOHH, H3BJIeKaeMblX H3 CKBBXWHU 38 

BpeMfl 6ypeHwR 

lCyM = BLc12 = 25.400012 = 50 000 M = 50 KM. 

rIncno cseseii, cnyceaeMNx n wsane~ae~~x 3a npem 6ype~wn CKBBXWHU 

zce = 21cyLII~c; 

npw lcl = 25 M, ZC,, = 2.5.104125 = 4000; 

npw IcZ = 27 M, ZC,, = 2.5. 104/27 = 3704 UIT. 

2, = LCllTi. 

npw lT1 = 12,s M, z,, = 4000/12,5 = 320; 

npw IT, = 9 M, zH2 = 4000/9 = 445. 

T~KMM 06pa30~, npw AJlHHe TPY~H 9 M CyMMapHOe sUCJI0 CBHH~HB~HH~ Ha 

171 MeHbUe, reM IIpH AJHHe TPY~~I 12,5 M. 

n p H M e p VI.2. Onpe~enw~b npewn, sa~paswsae~oe Ha CnO u Haparswsa- 

Hue npn 6ype~nw CKsaxwHu. YC~OBHR 6ype~wn npwBeAeHN B npnMepe VI.1. 

Bpe~fl, sa~parusae~oe Ha CnO, 

rAe tnc= 1 c - BpeMn MexaHwsecKoro non%ewa wnw cnycKa 1 M ~py6; tca=60 c - 

BpeMR CBUH'IUBBHWR, pa3BHH9WBaHHn W nepeHOCa CBerH; !!a= 1,5 C - BpeMR nOn'beMa 

wnn cnycKa Ha 1 M HeHarpyxeHHoro 3nesa~opa; a=l,l -KO~@@H~H~HT npo- 

6era KploKa. 

Perue~we. 

Haxonw~ npem, sa~parwsae~oe Ha CnO: 

np&i AnMHe CBeski lc1=25 M 

Tcnol=4000~25.1, l(1 + 1,5) + 4000.60 =515000 C= 143 s; 

npw AnnHe ceerw lc2=27 M 

3a CeT IlpHMeHeHUn csesefi nnw~ofi 27 M BMeCTO 25-M csesefi nOJly'laeTC5l 

YMeHbUeHHe BpeMeHH cno Ha 5 s.

$ U az 

m 

s 

2 g g: 

\o V a5 

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a $: 

2- c 

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= z>zg 

$ 5 w m 

;! a & m g 

rn 

\o 5 

o m s ; 

E rn $51: 

,$ 

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2 Z ~ m 

g m a u a 

s a34; 

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s m ~ m 

e a a w 

a a e c 2 

C zng 

a c m x & 

; o pg 

m 

rn c+Oa% 

223 Xrn~i 

. k=c 

. 4g 

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2Xacrrn ze 

a a 

2 

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pm g 

8 cx

swp- 

pac- 

~ O A Y R T ~ Ha I ~ nOBePXHOCTb ~ 

K YCTbIo 6 0~pa60~a~HbIfi PaCTBOP 

npoxonwr no pacTBoponpoBoAy 11 B 6no~ ozIkicTKa 12, rAe u3 Hero 

yAanRmTCR B a~6ap 15 YaCTWUhl B ~ I ~ Y P ~ HnopoAbI, H O ~ ~ necoe, kin, (DA H ~~T-AW~M~TPM HOJIOTa U ~YPUJI~H~IX TPY~, M). 

ra3 u Apyrue npmeca, nocTynaeT B pesep~yapb~ 13 c ~ CTPO~~CTB~MEI ~OABOAEIMYK) K AOJIOTy YAeJIbHyIO MOUHOCTb 6onee uenecoo6pas- 

16 AJIR BOCCTaHOBneHUR er0 IIapaMeTpOB Pi CHOBa HanpaBJIReTCR B 

HO nOBbILUaTb, yBeJIWYWBaR IlepeIIaA AaBJIeHkiR Ha AOJIOTe PA, a He 

noAnopsbre aacocbr. 

IIOAaqY Qc, TaK KaK nOTepU MOIUHOCTW B ~W~K~JIRUUOHHO~~ CWCTeMe 

H~~H~T~T~JI~H~R 

JIWHUR COCTOWT Pi3 TPY~O~POBOA~ BbICOKOrO AaB- 

npOnOpUWOHaJIbHbI ~y6y n0AaYki. Ha nOAaYy HaCOCOB BJIWRIoT nn0- 

JIeHkiR, no KOTOpOMy pa,CTBOp nOAaeTCR OT HaCOCOB 1 K CTORKY 2 W 

UaAb KOJIbUeBOrO IIpOCTpaHCTBa SK ki ~ h l 6 p a ~ ~ CPeAHRR a R CKOPOCTb 

~EI~KOMY PYKaBY 3, COeAWHRIoUeMy CTORK 2 C BepTJIiOrOM 4. Hanop- 

Us cp, KOTOPaR 3aBUCUT OT nJIOTHWTW W BR3KOCTW PaCTBOpa, AWaMeT- 

HaR JIWHWR O~OPYAY~TCR 3aABkIXKaMI.I M KOHTPOA~HO-u~M~PuT~JI~Ho~~ 

annapa~ypofi. AnR pa6o~hl B pafio~ax c XonoAHbIM KnuMaToM npe- 

AyCMaTpWBaeTCR Cki'CTeMa 060rpe~a T ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ O B O A O B . 

CJIUBH~R CUCTeMa O~O~YAY~TCFI ~CT~O~%CTB~MU AnR OYUCTKU U 

npHroToBneHm 6ypo~oro pacTBopa, pe3ep~yapa~~, 

JIkiHUea, @uJIb~paMki, HarHeTaTeJIbHbIMU ~~HTPO~~XH~IMII HaCOCaMU, 

3aABkiXKaMH U eMKOCTRMki AJIR XpaHeHUR PaCTBOpa. 

~cacar~aloruefi 

5 2. OCHOBHblE XAPAYTEPUCTUKH HACOCOB 

CKOPOCT~ IlOA'beMa PaCTBOpa B KOnbUeBOM npOCTpaHCTBe HaXO- 

AWTCR B npeaenax 0,3-1,2 M/C u onpeAenReTcR PRAOM @~KTOPOB: 

@~KTWY~CKWMW CBO~~CTB~MU PaCTBOpa H ~YPNM~IX nOpOA; pa3llepOM 

B~I~YP~HH~IX Y~CTW~; AWaMeTpaMU CKBaXWHbI Pi 6ypWJIbHbl~ ~py6. 

B HaCTORuee BpeMR yCTaHOBJIeH0, YTO nOABOAWMaR K AOJIOTY 

rNApaBJIUYeCKaR MOUHOCTb 3HaYUTenbHO BJIUReT Ha ~@@~KTEIBHOCT~ 

6ype~u~, B CBR3U C YeM K AOJIOTy CTPeMRTCR nOABOAWTb YAeJIbHYH) 

MOUHOCTb (MOIUHOCT~, OTHeCeHHaR K nJIOIUaAW 3a60~), PaBHylo 4- 

8 MBT/M~. TO AOCTUraeTCR nu60 nyTeM yBeJIWYeHWR nOAaYU HaCO- 

COB Qc, nu60 nosbIrueHueM nepenana AaBneHliR Ha AonoTe pa. B 3a- 

BkiCUMOCTW OT yCJI0~kifi 6ypeHw~ 3TY 3aAaYy PeUaeT ~ Y P W ~ ~ ~ OA- ~ E I K , 

HaKO HaCOCbI AOJIXHbI BO BCeX CJIyqaRX yAOBJIeTBOpRTb T ~ ~ ~ O B ~ H U R M 

6ypeHU~. 

n 0 ~ a Y a HaCOCOB (B M~/c) 3aBUCUT OT BbI6paHH0fi CKOPOCTM PaC- 

TBOpa Us B ~ ~ T P Y ~ HIIpOCTpaHCTBt? O M 

ki er0 IIJ'IO~aAU 

Qc= V ~ K , (VI 1.2) 

pa AonoTa w HaxoAuncR B npeAenax 0,6-1 M/C AnR AonoT AuaMer- 

POM 190-215 MM U 0,2-0,8 M/C AnR AOJIOT AWaMeTpOM >350 MM. 

HaYaJIbHb~fi AUaMeTp CTBOJIa CKBaXWHbI B 2-3 pa3a 6onbrue KO- 

HeYHOrO, II03TOMY Pi HaYanbHbIe ABaMeTpbI AOJlOT B 2-3 pa3a 60nbrue 

KOHeYHbIX, a nJ'I04aAb 3a60~ B HaYane 6ype~u~ B 4-9 pa3 60nbrue, 

YeM B KOHUe. ~ P ~ K T U KyCTaHOBJIeH0, O ~ ~ 

YTO AJIR ~@@~KTUBHOTO 

6ype~u~ IIOAaYa PaCTBOpa Ha 3a60fi AOJIXHa COCTaBJIRTb OT 0,6 A0 1 M3/c Ha 1 M' nOBePXHOCTW 3a60~. n0aaYa PaCTBOpa npll OAHOM I4

TOM Xe AHaMeTpe AOJIOTa C YBeJIHrIeHUeM my6uah1 MOXeT CHUXaTb- 

CR, a 6ypo~~e HaCOChl AOJIXHbI 06JIa~aTb cIIoco~HOCT~IO 113MeHRTb 

nonasy B T ~ ~ ~ Y ~ nuanaso~e 

M O M perynupoBaeun: 

PH=pJl $P6T +PYBT $ p3n$pn$ PK. (VI I .4) 

noTep11 Hanopa B 3JIeMeHTaX llllp~~JIRIJ110~~0fi CHCTeMbI MOXHO 

OnpeAeJIMTb no rpa@&iKy. Ha PHc. V11.2 IIpHBeAeHa HOMOrpaMMa 

onpeAeJIeHnR noTepb Hanopa B MIla Ha 1000 M 6yp~nbHh1x ~py6. 

3HaR nOAarIy Qc B M3/c (11JI11 M3/M11H), IIPOBOAHM BepTUKaJIb A0 nepeCeseH11R 

C JIPiHkiefi B ~ I ~ P ~ H HAnaMeTpa O ~ O 6ypllJIbHb1~ TPY~ d6T. 

3 a ~ 113 e ~ nonyse~~oii TO~KM npoBoAnM ropu30~~anb no nepecese- 

HHR c na~uefi nnoTHocTu pacmopa p u 113 3~0fi TOYKM OnycKaeM nep- 

IIeHAIlKyJIRp A0 JIUHMM BR3KOCTIl ~YPOBO~O PaCTBOpa. M3 TOrIKU nepe- 

CeseHIlR IIpOBOnHM rOP1130HTaJIbHYIO JIWHHIO A0 OC11 IIOTepb AaBJIeHHR 

P~T. ~OJIYZI~HH~R BeJIJlqJlHa Ii 6 y ~ BhIPaXaTb e ~ nOTep11 AaBJIeHHR 3 

1000 M ~ ~ P H J I ~ H ~py6. ~ I x ~OPRAOK OnpeAeJIeHIlR IIOTepb Hanopa B 

~py6ax nOKa3aH ~~'HKTI~PHO~~ JIPiHPiefi. 

Ilo~epu Hanopa pi (B Ila) MOXHO ~afi~n n pacqeTHuM nyTeM. 

PA nepeKaqNBaH1111 PaCTBOpa pi 3aBIICRT OT IIJIOTHOCTII, BR3KOCTU B 

CKOPWTH PaCTBOpa, IUepOXOBaTOCTH CTeHOK ~ py6 11 BbIsHCJIRIOTCR no 

@op~yne Aapca - Beiic6axa 

me 3Li- 6133pa3MepHhlfi KO~@@IIL[H~HT rUApaBJIU'IeCK11X COnpOTHBJIe- 

H~fi (IIp11 T~'P~~'JI~HTHoM peX11Me ABMXeH11R BOAbI no CTaJIbHbIM Tpy- 

6 a h,=0,018 ~ t 0,02; pacTBopa hp=0,018t0,025; AnR npaKTuYe- 

CKUX PaCrIeTOB MOXHO IIPIlHIlMaTb hp=0,02) ; pp - IIJIOTHOCTb PaCTBOpa; 

lip AJIMH~ Tpy60npo~o~a, M; d - BHYT~~HHII~~ AIlaMeTp ~py60- 

IIpOBOAa, M; Vcp-CpeAHRR CKOPOCTb TeqeHIlR Pa'CTBOpa, M/C 

@opMyJIy (VII.4) MOXHO npefiCTaB11Tb B 064e~ BMAe

none3~aR CyMMapHaR MOUHOCTb Nc (B BT) HaCOCOB - I$YHK~US 

CYMM~PHO~~ nOAaYN Qc (B M~/c) N AaBJIeHNR pH (B Mna) 

Nc= Qcpn. (VII.9) 

rny6o~we CKBaXNHbI COCTORT H3 O~C~AHHX ~py6 pa3JIHYHbIX 

AkiaMeTpOB n AJINHbI. Ha~6onbrunfi AIlaMeTp H ~ e60JIbIUyIo AJIHHY 

kiMeeT KOHAYKTOP, ~~cIIoJIox~HH~I~~ B B e p ~ ~ e YaCTII, f i a HaHMeHb- 

IIIkifi AkiaMeTp HMeeT OTKPMT~I~~ CTBOJI. Anx 06ecnese~~~ BbIHOCa 

pa36ype~~ofi nOpOAbI ~aki60JIbLUaR IIOAarIa PaCTBOpa TP~~Y~TCR 

BHasane 6ype~n~ cTBona n0A KOHAyKTOp (Qc=QeK). 

T ~ KaK K COnpOTUBJIeHHe CkiCTeMbI IIPOKaYIIBaHNIo PaCTBOpa np0- 

IIOpuI+OHaJIbHO KBaApaTy IIOAaqH, TO N AaBJIeHNe HaCOCOB npn 6ype- 

HNN 3TOr0 HHTepBaJIa TaKXe. AOBOJrbHO CyUeCTBeHHOe. ~O~TOMY 

MOUHOCTb HaCOCOB II IIX XapaKTepkiCTNKY Bb16NpaIoT no 3TOMy NH- 

Tepsany 6ype~~~, a ~a~6onbruee AasneHNe onpeAenReTcR npki 6ype- 

Haki nocneAHero nwepsana n He60~1blrrofi nonase. 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX IIPHMeHRIoT ABa-TPki napaJIJIeJIbH0 pa6o- 

TaIoUliX Hacoca AJIR 6ype~n~ IIOA KOHflYKTOP II OAUH HaCOC AJIR 6ypeHm 

nocneAHero XHTepsana CKBaxnHbI. 

Haw6onbrua~ noAasa oAHoro Hacoca 

Qn max=Qcl~, (VII.12) 

np H M ep VII.1. 0npe~eJIH~b He06~0AKMbIe IIOAaYH HaCOCOB AJIR ~ Y ~ ~ H H R 

pa3JIHYHblX HHTepBaJIOB CKBaXWHbl m y 6 u ~ o R Lc=3000 M cne~yiorrrefi KOHCTPYK- 

UUH: KOHAYKTOP rny6w~ok Lr=400 M, AHaMeTpOM dx=0,324 M, AOJIOTO Dnl= 

=0,445 M; IlpOMeXyTOYHaR KOJIOHHa A0 rny6u~b1 Ln=2000 M, AHaMeTpOM 

d,=0,245 M, AOJIOTO Dn2=295 MM; OTKP~IT~IR CTBOJI ~ ~ ~ H TAOJIOTOM C P AUaMeTpOM 

D13=0,215 M; 6yp~JIbHaR KOJIOHHa H3 ~py6 da7=0,127 M. 

Perue~ue. 

~ ~ H H H M ~ CKOPOCTH ~ M BOCXOARUerO IIOTOKa ~YPOBO~O paCTBOpa (B M/C) 

B ~~TPY~HOM IIpOCTpaHCTBe npH 6ypeHHw: n0A KOHAYKTOP ~31=0,42; nOA npoMe- 

>I(YTOHYIO KOJIOHHY ~32=0,7; OTKPbITOrO CTBOna V,3= 1. 

Heo6xo~u~h1e noAavH Hacocoe (M~/c) OnpeAemeM no a o p ~ y n e (~11.2) 

Tpe6ye~ble nonasu pacTBopa npw 6ype~uu: 

no& KOHAYKTOP 

QCK = 0 ,42.0,143 = O,O6 M~/c; 

n p w M e p VII.2. Onpe~eaw~b AaBneHwe B ~ar~e~a~enb~oii nuHnIi H~CO- 

COB Pn, H~O~XOANMO~ AJIR IIpOKaYKH 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa IIJ~OTHOCT~IO' p= 

=I200 K ~ / M U ~ BR3KOCTbIO 100 hInF4.C; KOHCTPYKUWP CKBaXWHbl IIpHBeAeHa 

B npuMepe VI I. I ; KOHCTPYKUHR 6ypUJIbHofi KOJIOHHH: 6yp~JIbHhIe ~ py6h1 TbnB 

ds,=O,I27 M C ~0JIlll~H0fi CTeHKW 6=9 MM; YET BHYTpeHHUM AHaMeTpOM 

d,6,,,=0,075 M, AJIHHO~~ 1,6,=200 M. 

Peme~ue. 

n 0 ~ e p U AaBJIeHHR B Ha3eM~0k JIUHHH 

Pni = 5nlnQ2cj 7 

me En -KO~@@UUU~HT rUAPaBJlHYeCKHX CO~~OTUBJI~H~I~~, 

npu AJIUHe ~py6onp0~0- 

Aa 1 M AUaMeTpOM dn=0,09 M &= 16-0,0gp5 10-'=2,7. lo3. 

Torna IIpU AJIUHe ~py60npO~oAa 

1n=60 M IIOTepH AaBJIeHUR npw ~ Y ~ ~ H H H 

pa3JIUqHbIX UHTepBaJIOB CKBaXWHbl ~YAYT (U3 BhIpaXeHUR VII.8): 

IIPOMeIKYTO~HYIO KOJIOHHY 

1 7 IIOCTORHHO~~ 

~ ~ 

JIOHH 6ypwnb~blx Tpy6 6 y ~ y ~ : 

npn Bype~ww noA KOHA~KTO~ 

AJIHHe YET ly6~=200 M AJIR BCeX HHTepBaJIOB AJIHHH KO-

n0n npOMelKyTOHyIO KOnOHHY 

laT." = In - ly6T = 2000 - 200 = 1800 M; 

OTKPblTOrO CTBOJIa 

laT.c = 1, - ly6~ = 3000 - 200 = 2800 M. 

no HOMOrpaMMe Ha PNC. V11.2 HaXOANM IlOTepH AaBJIeHHa Ha 1000 M AJIH- 

~py6 npN 6 y p e ~ H ~ : 

Hbl 6yp~JIbHbl~ 

non KOHAYKTO~ N nonage QcK=0,06 M~/C nonyqaeM paT.,=2,5 Mna; 

non npoMemyTosHya KOJIOHHY N nonage Qcn=0,039 M~/C nonysaeM pa~.n= 

= 1,5 Mna; 

B OTKP~ITOM cTBone w nonage Qcc=0,024 M~/C nonyqaeM paT.C=0,54 Mna. 

~py6ax npH 6ype~ulr: 

Onpenenae~ noTepu nasneHuR B 6ypwnb~blx 

n0A KOHAYKTOP 

Z P~T.K = 16T.~.P6T.~. lo-'= 2,5.200. = 0,5 Mna; 

nO!J IIPOMeXYTOYHYIO KOJIOHHY 

X PbT.n = 16T.np6T.n == 1,s. 1800.10-3 = 2,7 Mna; 

B OTKPblTOM CTBOJIe 

no~ep~ 

~py6 

2 P6.r.c = 16T.c~6T.c = 0,54.2800.10-3= 1,s Mna. 

naeneHwR B 1000 M YET onpenenaeM no TOG me HoMorpaMMe Ann 

ANaMeTpOM 89 MM, TBK KBK AWaMeTp 3TWX TPY~ COOTBeTCTBYeT BHYTpeH- 

HeMy ANaMeTpy YET dy6T.B=75 MM nna Tex me nonay, TO w npw onpeneneHuw 

IIOTepb AaBJIeHNR B ~YPWJI~H~IX ~py6ax: 

IIpN 6ype~NN IIOA KOHAyKTOp %,~T.K= 10 Mna; 

npN 6ype~~w n0A npOMeXyTOsHyIO KOJIOHHY gy6r n=8 Mna; 

B 0TKpbl~o~ cmone %y6r.~=5,8 Mna. 

naBneHuR B YET 6yny~: 

no~epu 

npU 6ype~Nw IIOA KOHAYKTOP 

Z py6T.K =

Puc. VII.3. Cxehia pa6o~n nopm- 

HeBOrO HaCOCa O.JlHOCTOpOHHer0 

A~~~CTBNR 

pe3 S, ero nnouanb sepes F, TO 06'be~ XW~KOCTH Vq, B~IT~CH~HHO~~ 

113 KaMepbI Up11 XORe BJIeBO, 

Vq = FS. (VII.13) 

Ndeana~an nodava o~~ofi 

KaMepn nopwHesoro Hacoca (B M~/C) 

Q'Hn= VL(n/60, (VII.14) 

I 

! 

' 11 3aAHRR 5, PaCIIOJIOXeHHaR 38 IIOpWHeM 6. 065e~ 

3~0fi KaMepbI 

MeHbWe, YeM IIepen~efi, TaK KaK B Hefi PaCnOnOXeH WTOK 2 nOPWHR, 

sa~w~amuwii YaCTb ee o6'be~a. OH^ TaKxe uMeeT ~cac~samusfi 1 

U Har~eTaTeJIbHb~fi 4 KJIanaHbI, a WTOK 2 YIIJIOTHeH CaJIbHUKOM 3. 

Ecnu noprueHb LsuxeTcR BnpaBo, TO B ne~ofi (nepe~~efi) nono- 

CTN C O ~ ~ ~ ~ pa3p~xe~~e, 

T C R B pe3ynb~a~e KoToporo ~ c a c ~ s a m u ~ i i i 

KnanaH I oTKpMsaeTcR N KaMepa ~~IIOJIHR~TCR PacTBopoM, a 143 npa- 

B0fi KaMePM (3a~~efi) XWAKOCTb B 3T0 BpeMR BbITeCHReTCR B HarHe- 

Ta~eJIb~b1fi KOJIJIeKTOp 7 nBNXYIUUMCR IIOPWHeM 6. BcacbI~amuWfi 

KnanaH 1 B ~efi ~ ~ K P ~ TaK I T , KaK BaBneHwe B 3~06 KaMepe smue, 

YeM BO BCaCbIBaIOueM TPY~O~POBOH~ 9, a ~arHeTaTeJlb~b1fi KJIaIIaH 4 

OTKP~IT. OY~BII~HO, nonasa ~3 san~eii KaMepH TaKoro Hacoca 6yne~ 

MeHbUe, qeM HaCOCa OAHOCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTB'IR: 

Q"HII = (2F-f) Sn/60, (VII.17) 

unu 

Aeu*c~su~enb~an nodava Hacoca Bcerna MeHbrue uneanb~oii 

BCJleACTBWe TOTO, 9TO IIPOUCXOART YTeqKW 9epe3 cue He3aKpbITbIe 

KJIaIIaHbI, HeIIJIOTHOCTU KJIanaHOB N IIoPuIH~~~, B CBR3W CO CXMMae- 

MOCT~IO ~ar~e~ae~ofi XU~KOCTU, ConepxaHWeM B ~efi raaa, cocToa- 

HWeM nap KWJIWHnp - IIOpMeHb, KJIanaHOB W T. A. 

Oa~~usec~a~ nonasa MoxeT 6b1~b OnpeneneHa AnR Kaxnoro OTnenbHoro 

cnysaR npH KoHKpeTHbIx ~CJIOBWSX pa60~h1 Hacoca no @op- 

Myne 

QH= Qnn70, (VII.19) 

rAe Q H H - W A ~ ~ J I ~ H ~ R IIOAazIa C YseTOM @~KTU'~~CKO~O 

YWCJIa XOflOB 

IIopWHefi B 1 MWH; 70- KO~@@EI~M~HT 06'be~~ofi IIOnaYU. 

YsWTbIBari OCHOBHbIe YCJIOBEIR, BJIURIOuWe Ha 06'beMHyIO IIOAaYy, 

MOXHO BbIWiCJIUTb KO~@@AUN~HT 

IIOAaYW I13 BbIpaXeHWR 

06'be~~ofi

f UC. v11.5. MHAUK~TOP- 

Hafl nuarpavhfa a u cxe- 

hla ABUXeHUfl ItOpLIlHfl 6 

X10-5 Mna-I, AnR 6ypo~oro pacmopa p=40-10-5 Mna-I; AT- 

AonR rasa B WNAKOCTB AO ee nocTynneHaR K nonnopHoMy Hacocy 

HAM A0 BXOAa B ~YPOBO~~ HaCOC (ecnki OTCYTCTBYeT ~oA~oPH~I~~); PH 

a pn- a6conm~~oe AasneHne Ha BuxoAe 6ypo~oro n noAnopHoro 

HacocoB, Mna; po- a~~oc@ep~oe AasneHue, Mna. 

P~CCMOT~HM 

CXeMy A~~~CTBHR KpMBOIIIHnHO-nOn3yHHOrO MeXaHki3- 

Ma nopruHeBoro Hacoca. O~O~H~ZINM: L -Anma ruaTysa; R - pa- 

~ ~ KpnBorunna; y c cp - yron noBopoTa KpaBorunna; o - yrnosaR CKO- 

POCTb BpaueHkiR KOpeHHOrO BaJIa; X- IIyTb, npofi~e~~hlfi IIOpIJIHeM 

K AaHHOMY MOMeHTY OT npaB0fi M~PTBO~~ TOYKU (PUC. VII.5). n p A 

xoAe nopllrHR Hacoca a3 npa~ofi M~PTBO~~ TOYKA nMT K ne~oii JIMT 

(pkic. VII.5, 6) OT TOsKki 0 A0 1 BC~C~IB~IOUU~~ KJIanaH 3aKpbIBaeTCR, 

a cxaTse ewe He Hasanocb, ~O~TOMY 

TepReTcR sacn nneanb~oii no- 

Aaqn Qol (PAC. VII.5, a). 

Aanee npu nepeMeueHaa nopruHR n3 Town I B TOYKY 2 xnA- 

KOCTb CWAMaeTCH (KPBB~R I), 06'be~ ee YMeHbIIIaeTCR Ha BenAYkiHy 

Q12. no AOCTHWeHHA TOzIKU 2 AaBneHNe B KaMepe CTaHOBkiTCR BbIIIIe 

naBJIeHUR pH B HanOpHOM T~~~OII~OBOA~, OTKPbIBaeTCR HarHeTaTenb- 

~b1fi KJIanaH N WBAKOCTb N3 KaMepbI BbITeCHReTCR B TPY~O~POBOA 

masane c nynbcaquma, a s a ~ paBHoMepHo e ~ (~pwsa~ 

A0 JIMT (TOYK~ 3), n0pUeHb HaYHHaeT ABkiraTbCR O ~ ~ ~ TK HnMT, O 

OAHaKO BCneACTBAe TOrO, YTO B KaMepe cue He CO3AaHO pa3pRXe- 

Hue, AocTaToqHoe A m OTKP~ITUR Bcacmamuero KnanaHa, nponcxo- 

II). A ofi~~ 

A ~ sT a n a s ~ b ~ s a ~ OTKP~ITUR n e KnanaHa (TOYK~ 4), 3a cseT sero Te- 

PReTCR YaCTb UOAaYki Q34. 

OT Town 4 AO TOYKB 5 AaBneHne B KaMepe peseo naAaeT (~pu- 

BaR III). Ecnn Hacoc pa60~ae~ npki CBO~OAHOM BCaCMBaHUU, TO AaB- 

JleHNe B TOYKe 5 ~ Y A ~ HHWe T ~ T M O C @ ~ ~ HAaBneHNR O ~ O Po. Aanee 

noprueHb nepeMeuaeTcR B nMT (TOYK~ 0, KpnsaR IV), n qnKn sariaHsnsaeTcrr. 

Kpnsa~ Qf xapa~~epn3ye~ MrHoseHHbre noAaqy H~CO-' 

Ca M CKOPOCTb IIOPWHR. 

Ha BenkiYkiHy M~HOB~HHO~~ CKOPOCTU IIOPUlHR BnNReT OTHOUleHRe 

PaAkiyCa KpnBorunna R K AJIkiHe IIIaTyHa L. Ecnw OTHOUIeHEie R/L< 

< 115, TO TO Bnnmne B pacqeTe He ysnTbIsaeTcR. A ~ pacseTa H npu- 

HAMaeTCR ynpOueHHaR @opMyJIa, B KOTOPO~~ BeJINYNHa XOAa IIOpuHH 

x pama OTP~SKY npoeKqna Ayrn, onncbrsae~oii rono~~ofi K~NBOUIAna, 

Ha ocb Hacoca 

M~HOB~HHO~ 

3HaqeHHe CKOPOCTH IIOPIIIHR 

vn = oR sin a. 

CJ'I~AY~T 

06pa~ki~b 

x=R (1-cos a). (VII.21) 

BHUMaHUe Ha TO, YTO B CpeAHHX IIOnOWeHkiRK 

IIOPIIIHR B TOgKaX Tt/2 N (npn a=90°) CKOPOCTb IIOPUIHR MaK- 

CkiMaJIbHa, TaK KaK sins= 1, a CKOpOCTb vnmax=oR. B TOYKaX 0, 

n ki 2n CKOPOCTb IIOPWHR Vn=O, KOrAa sina=O. ~ T TOYKU H Ha3bI- 

BaIOT >. 

OTHOIII~HH~ M~~KcAM~JI~Ho~~ CKOPOCTU IIOPUIHR K cpe~~efi 

Kasec~~o pa6o~b1 6ypo~oro Hacoca onpenenReTcR nposeccaMa, 

nponcxoARukiMn B ero KaMepax. Ha puc. VII.5, a npwBeneHa AHAn- 

KaTOpHaR APiarpaMMa OAHO~~ KaMepbl 6ypo~oro HaCOCa. 

T ~ KaK K npu pa6o~e HaC0,Ca WUAKOCTb CAeAyeT 3a nOpWHeM, 

MrHOBeHHaR IIOAaYa HaCOCa 

QfH = F vn = oRF sin a. (VI I .25)

nOA YrJIOM 90", a B TpeXIIOpuIHeBbIX - nOA YrJIOM 120". Tor~a B He- 

KOTOPbIe IIepHOAbI IIPOHCXOAHT BbITaJIKHBaHHe XHAKOCTU 113 ABYX HJIH 

HeCKOJIbKNX KaMep OAHOBpeMeHHO, sT0 CHHXaeT HepaBHOMePHOCTb 

noAarIn N ee nynbcaunn. 

R ~ BHAHO K I43 AHarpaMMbI Ha PHC. VII.5, a, IIpU pa6o~e HaCOCa 

ero peanbHaR nonasa &axe 6e3 yTeYeK BcerAa Hnxe w~eanb~oii, TaK 

KaK o 6 % e ~ uHJIHHApa Vu IIOJIHOCTbK) He HCnOJlb3yeTCR, a A~~~CTBH- 

TeJIbHaR IIOAasa XapaKTepH3yeTCR @~KTH~~CKH MCnOJIb3yeMbIM 06%eMOM 

uHJIHHApa V@. npH HerepMeTHYHOCTH KnaIIaHOB, YIIJIoTH~HN~~ 

IIopLU~efi H APYrHX 3JIeMeHTOB HaCOCa H3MeHReTCH XapaKTep HHALI- 

K~TOPHO~~ AHarpaMMbI, IIO KOTOPO~~ CyART 0 eTO HeHCnpaBHOCTRX. 

Ha pHC. VII.6 npHBeAeHbI KpHBbIe M~HOB~HHO~~ IIOAaYH 3a OAHH 

060~0~ IIPHBOAHbIX HaCOCOB: TpeXIIOpIUHeBOrO OAHOCTOpOHHerO 

CTBHR c pacnonoxeHneM KpwBouwnoB non yrnoM 120" (pnc. VII.6, a! 

H AByXIIOpIIIHeBOrO AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBNR C PaCIIOJIOXeHUeM KPH- 

BOIIIHIIOB IIOA YrJIOM 90" (~UC. VII.6, 6) AJIR n0pIII~efi AByX AUaMeT- 

POB: 130 (KPNB~I~ QI) H 200 MM (KPUBH~ Qz). 

,&iana30~ U3MeHeHUR AaBJIeHHR XHAKOCTH B TPeXnOPUIHeBOM Ha- 

COCe OAHOCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBHH Ha 5-7°/0 BbIIIIe CpeAHerO Qcp U Ha 

9-22 % HUXe CpeAHerO AaBJIeHHR, IIOJIHaR aMIIJIUTyAa KOJI~~~HHR 

AaBJIeHNR COCTaBJIReT 14-29°/0. B AByXIIOpIIIHeBbIX HaCOCaX ABYCTO- 

POHHerO A~~~CTBHR aMIIJIUTyfla ~0JIe6a~kifi COOTBel'CTBeHHO BbIIIIe 

cpemero AasneHnR Ha 24% H Huxe cpeAHero Ha 21-32O/O, a non- 

HaR aMIIJIHTyAa KoJI~~~HHR AaBJIeHHR COCTaBJIReT 45-56 'I0. 

B 3aBUCUMOCTH OT nPHH4Hna A~~~CTBIIR, gHCJIa nop~~efi H YrJIa 

CMeueHHR KPHBOIIIHIIOB ~ a X ~ b I HaCOC f i HMeeT CBOB rpa@H~ IIOAasH. 

B IIOpUIHeBbIX HaCOCaX BeJIHsHHa IIyJIbCauHH ZHAKOCTN MOXeT 6b1~b 

CHHXeHa, HO He YCTPaHeHa COBCeM. H~~~BHOM~PHOCT~ 

IIOAaYH PaC- 

TBOpa BbI3bIBaeT KoJI~~~HHR Ba~JIe~kifi He TOJIbKO B H ~ ~ ~ M068x3- H O C 

Ke H HaCOCaX, HO U BO ~cefi 6ypHJIb~ofi KOJIOHHe, HapyIUaH IlpOueCC 

npll CBO~OAHOM BCaCbIBaHNH UHJIHHAP HaIIOJIHReTCR 3a CYeT pa3- 

HOCTH MeXAy ~TMOC@~PH~IM AaBJIeHUeM Po H AaBJIeHHeM BHYTPU Iia- 

MepbI p, IIpU BCaCbIBaHUU. ~ ~ O U ~ C C 

BCaCbIBaHHR IIPOUCXOAHT HOP- 

MaJIbHO, ecJIH BbICOTa YPOBHR XMAKOCTH B IIpHeMHOM pe3epByape 

BbIIIIe, YeM BbICOTa, Ha KOTOPO~ PaCIIOJIOXeH UHJIHHAP HaCOCa: XUA- 

KOCTb 6 y ~ IIOCTynaTb e ~ CaMOTeKOM K HaCOCy. 

BbIco~a BCaCbIBaHHR 3aBHCUT OT IIJIOTHOCTH H BR3KOCTH PaCTBOpa, 

HaJIUYUR B HeM Ta30B I4 OT YUCJIa XOAOB B 1 MHH, T. e. CKOPOCTU 

ABUXeHHR IIOPUIHH. B COBPeMeHHbIX ~YPOB~IX HaCOCaX YMeHbIIIeHbI 

pa3MepbI KJIanaHOB, n03TOMY PaCYeTbI CBO~OAHO~O BCaCbIBaHHR IIpO- 

BOANTb He uenecoo6pa3~0, TaK KaK HaCOCbI Ha Her0 He PaCCYUTaHbI, 

OCO~~HHO ~~ICTPOXOAH~I~ TpeXnOpIIIHeBbIe. ~ ~ B Y x ~ o ~ I U HaCOCbI H ~ B ~ I ~ 

AByCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBMR IIpH PaCTBOpaX IIJIOTHOCTbK) MeHee 

1200 K ~ / M H ~ YNCJIe XOAOB MeHee 60 B 1 MUH pa60~aK)~ AOBOJIbHC) 

YCTO~~~HBO nPH BbICOTe BCaCbIBaHUR MeHee 2 M. B~ICOT~ BCaCbIBaHHq 

6onee 2 M HenpueMneMa. 

CHUXeHUR IIyJIbcauUfi PaCTBOpa Ha H ~ I I o ~ H H o ~ BCaCbIBaIo- 

~ 

4efi JIMHHRX B~JIU~U HaiCOCa YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT rHApaBJIUYeCKHe KOMneHcaTopbI 

(~onna~w) c ~ ~ l a a p a r ~ o i i , 

XNAKOCTL OT 

o~~en~mwefi 

rasa B KonnaKe H cnyxauefi KaK 6b1 racnTeneM nynbcauwfi noAayn. 

Bepx~m 

ra3a 

YaCTb KOMIIeHCaTOpa 3aIIOJIHReTCH ra3OM. aa~ne~we 

npIlMepH0 AOJIXHO 6bI~b PaBHO IIOJIOBNHe pa6osero AaBJIeHHR PaC- 

TBOpa. HUXHRR YaCTb KOMIIeHCaTOpa coo6wae~c~ C nOJIOCTbK) HaCO- 

Ca H 3aIIOJIHReTCR ~YPOBHM PaCTBOPOM. 

npki pa6o~e AaBJIeHHe ra3a B KOJIIIaKe H IIpOKaYHBaeMOM PaCTBOpe 

OAHHaKOBO. ra3 BbIIIOJIHReT POJIb IIOAYIIIKH, a~0p~~3HpyK)lQefi 

H3MeHeHHe AaBJIeHHR, BbI3BaHHOe HePaBHOMePHOCTbK) IIOAagH HaCO- 

Ca. npH IIOBbIIIIeHHH AaBJIeHHR XHAKOCTH ra3 CXHMaeTCR, a IIpH 

IIOHHXeHUU PaCIIIUpReTCR, B pe3yJIbTaTe ser0 B T ~ ~ ~ O I I ~ O IIOA- B O A ~ 

AepXHBaIOTCR IIyJIbCaUUH CO 3HaYHTeJIbHO MeHbrUHMH KoJI~~~HwRMU, 

YeM IIpH pa6o~e 6e3 KOMIIeHCaTOpOB. n0JI~0fi PaBHOMePHOCTH noAa- 

YU KOMIIeHCaTOPbI 06ecne~H~b He MOrYT. 

Kone6a~u~ AaBJIeHHR B H ~ ~ H ~ T ~ T ~ JJIHHHH I ~ H o HaCWa R 3aBHCRT 

He TonbKo OT nynbcaunii noAasw, HO H OT BonHosbIx npoueccoB, npo- 

HcxOARIL(UX B H ~ I I o ~ H JIHHHU o ~ ~ H ~YPuJI~HO~~ KOJIOHHe. B KaMepaX 

HaCOCa CXHMaeTCR PaCTBOp, ~ 0 ~ e p X a u U ra3bI. f i B MOMeHT OTKPbI- 

TUR HarHeTaTeJIbHOrO KJIanaHa XUAKOCTb B KaMepe CXHMaeTCR A0 

AaBJIeHHR BbIIIIe, YeM B HaDHeTaTeJIbHOM TPY~O~POBOA~, BPbIBaeTC4 

B Her0 H B03HHKaeT y~ap~bIfi HMnyJIbC. Y A ~ ~ BOJIHa H ~ R OT 3TOr0 

UMnyJIbCa PaCIIpOCTpaHReTCR no 6ypHnb~ofi KOJIOHHe CO CKOPOCTbK) 

3ByKa, pa~~ofi 1100-1300 M/C. floc~ura~ 3a60~, BOJIHa OTpaXaeTCR 

Fi HAeT O ~ ~ ~ TB HarHeTaTeJIbHyK) H O 

JIHHHK) HaCOCa. Ecna aa3bl KOJIe- 

6a~nfi IIpR~ofi H O T ~ ~ X ~ H BOJIH H O ~ COBnaAaloT, ~ 

TO 3T0 IIOBbIIUaeT 

pa3MaX ~oJIe6a~Hfi B H ~ ~ H ~ T ~ T ~ JIHHHU J I ~ HHacoca. o ~ Ecnw ~one6a-

HHR IIpR~0fi H OTP~X~HHO~~ BOJIH HAYT B ~POTUBO@~~~, TO pa3MaX 

~0~1e6aHkifi CHUXaeTCH. 

T ~ KaK K 6ypUJIb~aH KOJIOHHa YAAHHHeTCR npN HapauHBaHHH, TO 

~ a X ~ b Ipa3 f i IIOCJIe HapauUBaHUH IIpOHCXOAHT CABHr @a3 K O J I ~ ~ ~ H U ~ ~ 

AaBJIeHUR. AJIH 6ypeHklH C HaUMeHbIUHM YpOBHeM K O J I ~ ~ ~ AaBne- H H ~ ~ 

HUH H~O~XO~~NMO PerYnHpOBaTb WCJlO NMnYAbCOB H~~oJI~IUUM H3Me- 

HeHUeM YUCJIa XOAOB IIOpIUHR. TO MOXeT 6bI~b AOCTHrHYTO H3MeHe- 

HUeM rIaCTOThI BpaueHNH IIPUBOAHOrO ABMraTeJIR HaCOCa. 

Bcacblsa~ue - TO sanon~e~~e pa6osefi KaMepH xunKocTbm. 

OHO IIPOHCXOAHT 38 CseT pa3HOCTU AaBJIeHUR BO BcacbI~a~ouefi JIU- 

HUN pg u B pa6osefi KaMepe Hacoca p,. 3 ~ pa3~0c~b 

a 

pacxoAyeTcR Ha 

npeoAoneHkie rkiApasnkisecKux conpo~n~ne~~R BO ~cac~~amuefi nk1- 

HNW Hacoca, ~py60npo~o~e, BcacmamueM KaanaHe H Ha npeoAone- 

Hkie cun H H ~ ~ ~ XHAKOCTH. H H npki nnoxoM sanon~e~~u pa6o~efi Ka- 

MepbI XWAKOCT~~ HapyutaeTcR pa6o~a Hacoca H cHuxaeTcx noAasa. 

B 6ypo~b1x Hacocax 3anon~e~~e pa60sux KaMep MoxeT ocyue- 

CTBJIRTbCR ABYMR C~OCO~~MU: 1) IIpH IIOMOuN AOIIOJIHUTeJIbHbIX nu- 

TaIouHX O~~IYHO ~ ~ H T P O ~ ~ X HaCOCOB, H ~ I X YCTaHOBJIeHHbIX MeXAy 

IIOpUIHeBhIM HaCOCOM N pe3epByapOM C PaCTBOPOM, KOTOP~IA CJIyXHr 

AnH npkiHyAnTenbHoro s a n o n ~ e ~ pa6os~x 

k i ~ KaMep nopuHeBoro Ha- 

Coca; 2) IIpH CBO~O~~HOM BCaCbIBaHUH. 

n p w M e p VII.4. Haii~w swcno xono~ 

TpexnopmHeBoro Hacoca n, ~eo6xo- 

AUMOe AnR 3aKasKn Qc=0,024 M3/c 6yp0~0r0 paCTBOpa npw KO~@@HUU~HT~ 06%- 

~MHOA nonasw qo=0,94, nnwHe xona nopmHs S=O,25 M w ero nuaMeTpe D=0,14; 

sucno HarHeTaTenbuMx KaMep Hacoca a=3. 

Peme~we. 

Haxonw~ wneanbHyro nonasy Hacoca 

J ~ I 

Pansyc KpwBoruuna R=S/2=0,25/2= 0,125 M. 

Torna 

Ma~cw~anbrroe ycKopeHue nopmHR 6yne~ npa v,,~ ,,=O. El3 @op~y- 

(VII.23) 

rne F= nD2/4= 3,14.0, 142/4=0,0154 --.nnoua~b noprutifl. 

- C~~AHRR nonasa on~ofi KaMepM 

Qn.cp = QrHI1,57 =0,0272/1,57 0,01734 M3/c. 

Q 4. YCJIOBHR 3KCllJIYATAUHH 6YPOBbIX HACOCOB 

Eyp0Bb1e HaCOCbI 3KCIInyaTUpyIoTCR B pa3JIUsHbIX KJIUMaTHseCKUX 

ycnosmx npu TeMnepaType ~os~yxa AO =F50°C u TeMnepaType 6y- 

POBOrO PaCTBOpa OT -lo A0 80°C. ~J~OTHOCT~ PaCTBOpOB 06~9~0 

COCTaBJIReT 1100-1300 K~/M~, a B HeKOTOPbIX CJIYgaHX n0HUXaeTCR 

A0 800 K ~ / M UJlU ~ Xe n0BbIIUaeTCR A0 2000 K ~ / M U ~ 6onee. P~CTBOP 

UMeIOT ~OJI~IUH~ BR3KOCTb H CTaTHseCKOe COnpOTHBJIeHUe CABHry. 

Eypo~ofi paCTBOp MOXeT 6b1~b 3aCOpeH B M ~ Y ~ ~ HIIopofiofi H O ~ ~ li 

CoAepXaTb A0 2% ~ ~ P ~ ~ H BYaCTN4, H ~ I X rnUHy U yTRXeJIRIoUHe AO- 

~ ~ B K E(T~M~TMT, I 6apu~ H @.), a HHOrna U HeKOTOpOe KOJIUseCTBO 

rasa. B ero cocTase MoryT 6b1~b ~ ~ ~ J I N YXnMusecKNe H ~ I ~ pearesm: 

U3BeCTb, KayCTUYeCKaR COAa, B H~~OJI~LLIHX KOJIHseCTBaX ~y6liJIbHbIe 

KHCJIOTbI. K~~~CTBO PaCTBOpa MOXeT U3MeHRTbCR B npO4eCCe 6ype- 

HUR 0~~0fi CKBaXHHbI. 

Hacoc AOJIXeH 06JIaAa~b C~OCO~HOCT~IO CaMOBCaCbIBaHNR H pa- 

60~a~b IIpH BbICOTe n0AIIOpa A0 2 M. B HOPMaJIbHbIX YCJIOBWRX OH 

pa60~ae~ C IIO~IIOpHbIM ~~HTPO~~XHHM HaCOCOM, C03AaIOuHM AaBneHue 

0,3-0,5 Mna. Hacoc AonXeH 6b1~b npucnoco6~1e~ nncI u3~e- 

HeHm ,nonaski H AasneHnR B npouecce 6ype~u~ (ysenuse~~e 

Nnu 

YMeHbIUeHHe B 2-3 pa3a), AHaMeTpOB n0pIII~efi N 4HJIUHApOBbIX 

BTYJIOK. B~ec~e C TeM OH AOJIXeH KpaTKOBpeMeHHO pa3BNBaTb MaKcwManbHoe 

AasneHue npA ~yne~ofi mu oseHb ~e6onb1~oti nonase 

(1-6 n/c) AJIR npoAaBKH saCTH4 BM~YP~HHO~~ IIOPOAhl, OCeBLLIHX H 

3a~py6~0~ npOCTPaHCTBe HJIN B ~py6ax, nu60 npN o6pa30~a~~ 

CaJIbHHKOB B npO4eCCe 6ype~m BR3KHX nOpOA.

B ~ ~ M R 

pa60Tb1 HaCOCa KoJI~~JI~TcR oT 30 MWH A0 200 W 6onee 

B 3aBIICWMOCTW OT AJIWTeJIbHOCTM pefica AOJIOTa. nepW0~Wse~KWe TeX- 

HOJIOrIIYeCKUe OCTaHOBKkl IIpOAOJIXaIoTCR OT 3-15 MWH AJIR Hapa- 

WHBaHWH 6ypwnb~ofi KOJIOHHbI A0 10 k! 6onee AJIR CnyCKa W IIOA'beMa 

AoJIoTa c 6onbruwx my6w~. 

Hacoc AoJIXeH 6b1Tb YAO~HMM B ~KC~JIY~T~UUW, AOIlyCKaTb ~~ICTpym 

cMeHy ~ ~ I C T ~ O W ~ H ~ ~ W B ~ I ~e~anefi: 

~ U W X C R nopru~~efi, IIITOKOB, 

UWJIUHApOBbIX BTYJIOK, CaJIbHWKOB, KJIanaHOB W AP. AOJI~OB~YHOCT~ 

er0 6e3 KaIIWTaJIbHOrO PeMOHTa AOJIXHa COCTaBJIRTb He MeHW 

1OOOO s pa60~b1. ~ ~ W B O A H ~ saCTb R HaCOCa HaAeXHO 3aUUUaeTCR 

OT rp~311, nbInn n BOAH. KOHCTP~KUWR ero npncnoco6~1eaa A m npu- 

BoAa OT ~ne~~po~sura~enefi n ~wsenefi. 

M~oroJIeT~efi npaKTWK0fi 6ype~n~ rny6o~nx CKBaXNH YCTaHOB- 

JeHO, 9TO eAWHCTBeHHbIM YAOBJIeTBOPRIOuMM T ~ ~ ~ O B ~ TeXHOJIO- 

H H R 

rWW IIPOBOAKW CKBaXWH RBJIHeTCR IIOPLUH~BO~~ ropW30~~aJIb~blfi npH- 

BOAHO~~ Hacoc. Eypoebre HacocH - rnaBHbIe no~pe6u~enn 3~ep1-u~ 

(70-80 Oh). MOWHOCT~ COBPeMeHHbIX HaCOCOB COCTaBJIHeT 300- 

1600 KBT. AAH KaXAOrO TMna 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKW HaCOC AOJIXeH 

nMeTb OnpeAeneHHym MOUHOCT~, noaasy n AasneHue. Hacocb~ ycTa- 

HaBJIWBaIoT Ha PaCCTORHWkl A0 100 M OT YCTbR CKBaXUHbI n0A Ha- 

BeCOM HAW B ~ ~ ~ ~ O PYKpbITkIW. H O M Macca, ra6apw~b1 W KOHCTpYKUWR 

HaCOCa AOJIXHbI AOnyCKaTb er0 TPaHCnOPTWPOBKy KaK IlpW nOMOWW 

IlpOMbICJIOBbIX TPaHCnOPTHbIX CpeACTB, TaK W BOJIOKOM B IIpeAeJIart 

IlpOMbICJIa, a WHOrAa W Ha PaCCTORHWe A0 100 KM, AJIR ser0 HaCOCbI 

c ~ a 6 ~ a m xec~~ofi ~ c ~ P ~ M O ~ ~ - C ~ J I ~ ~ K ~ M W . 

nopru~esbre HacocH O~OP~A~IOTCR ~CTPO~~CTBOM AJIR 06ecnese~n~ 

PaBHOMePHOCTW IlOAaqW XHAKOCTW. ~ ~ W H WBbICOKOrO R AaBJIeHWR WMeeT 

npenoxpa~n~enb~b~fi KnanaH Ha cnysafi ysennseHwR AasneHwR 

BbIlIJe npeAeJIbHOr0. ~ P ~JIY~OKOM 

M 6ype~ww IIpWMeHRIoT IlOplIJHeBbIe 

Hacocbr c none3~ofi MOWHOCT~~ 100, 235, 375, 475, 600, 750, 950 ;1 

1600 KBT, C YNCJIOM ABO~~H~IX XOAOB B 1 MWH 35-180, AJIMHO~~ XOAa 

A0 0,3 M y TpeXnOpWHeBbIX W 35-90 XOAOB B 1 MWH, AJIWHO~~ XOAa 

A0 0,5 M y AByXnOpIIIHeBbIX. AllaMeTp UWJIWHApOBbIX BTYJIOK COCTaB- 

JIReT 120-200 MM, OTHOCWTeJIbHaR MaCCa 20-50 Kr Ha 1 KBT nones~ofi 

MOWHOCTW. 

nJIy~XepHb1e HaCOCbI ACnOJIb3yIoT TOJIbKO B MaJIOMOU(Hb1X YCTa- 

HOBKaX AJIR pa3BeAOYHOrO 6ype~w~. Cpo~ cny~6b1 B CpeAHeM c0- 

CTaBJIReT B 9: II0pW~efi 100-200, WTOKOB 150-220, UMJIWHAPOBbIX 

BTYJIOK 200-300, KJIanaHOB 300-400, n03TOMy YAO~CTBO CMeHbI 

BTWX ~e~anefi m e e T 6onbruoe s~ase~we. 

5 5. THilbl6YPOBblX HACOCOB 

nopIII~e~b1e HaCOCbI C pa3JIWYHbIMW CTpYKTYpHbIMN CXeMaMM Ae- 

JIRTCR Ha: 

II~RMoA~~~cTB~IO~II~ 

AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBHR, A~yxnOpIIIHeBhle 

napomre; 

IIpNBOAHbIe AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBHH, AByX- U TpeXnOpIIIHeBbIe; 

OAHOCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBHR TpeXnOpLUHeBbIe. 

np~luodelic~sy~ou~ue dsyxnopul~es~~ie Hacocbi COCTORT n3 rnApaB- 

JHY~CKO~~ 

YaCTW, T. e. CO~CTB~HHO ABYXnOpIlIHeBOrO HaCOCa, U nap0- 

BOG TOPW~OHT~JI~HO~~ ABYX~NJIMHAPOBO~~ I~OPUIH~BO~~ MaLUUHbI. HApa~nnsec~wfi 

W napo~oii UnnwHApH pacnonoxesbr Ha o~~ofi OCW, a 

nopruHn yKpenneeH - - 

Ha o61qe~ ruToee. Pac~~op noAaeTcR nonepe- 

MeHHO TO OAHWM, TO APYrWM IlOplIJHeM. 

~ T W HaCOCbI IIPOCTbI no KOHCTPYKUNW, He Tpe6~1o~ K~KHX-JIH~O 

nPOMeXYTOYHMX T~~HCMMCCB~~, MMeIOT ~N~KYIO XapaKTepMCTNKy W 

PaBHOMepHyIo IIOAasy, sT0 nO3BOJIHeT npWMeHRTb UX 6e3 KOMIIeHCa- 

TOPOB. 

OAH~KO HW3KaR 3KOHOMWYHOCTb (K. n. A. OKOJIO 5'/0), BHCOKU~~ 

PaCXOA naps (AO 60 K~/KBT), H~O~XOAWMOCT~ C H ~ ~ X ~ H NKOTJIOB R 

n P E i ~ k ~ R C ~ CO3AaHWeM b 

MOWHbIX ~BNra~eJIefi BHyTpeHHerO CrOpa- 

HUH N TP~HCMHCCW~~, C~OCO~HHX IlepeAaBaTb 6onb~ne MOIUHOCTH. 

Hacoc COCTOWT n3 ABYX sac~efi: rw~pa~nnsec~oii n TpaHcMuccuoH- 

HOG - II~WBOAHO~~. ~PWBOAH~R YaCTb IIpeACTaBJISleT ~060fi KPUBO- 

~IJWIIHO-IIOJI~~HH~I~~ MeXaHW3M C nOJI3yHOM, COeAWHeHHbIM C KOpeHHbIM 

BaJIOM 3~69a~b1~ PeAYKTOPOM, CHWXaIOWMM saCTOTy €!TO BpaWeHWR. 

Bpaue~ue W MOUHOCTb OT ABWraTeJIR, yCTaHOBJIeHHOr0 OTAeJIbHO 

OT Hacoca, nepeAamTcR Ha T~~HCMHCCHOHHH~~ Ban, a OT Hero sepes 

3y6sa~ym IIepeAa'iy Ha rJIa~~b1fi KOP~HHO~~ Baa. 

H~CMOTPR Ha CJIOXHYIO KOHCTPYKUWH), ~OJI~LUYIO HepaBHOMep- 

HOCTb IIOAasW, AOCTWraIoWyIo 55'/0 W Gonee, 3TM HaCOCbI 6naro~ap~ 

60nbruofi 3KOHOMW9HOCTW LUWPOKO PaCnpOCTpaHeHbI. 3~asW~eJIb~aFl 

ITyJIbCaUMR M~HOB~HHO~~ IIOAasW - pe3yJIbTaT npeo6pa3o~a~u~ Bpa- 

WaTeJIbHOrO ABWXeHWH B B03BpaTHO-IIOCTynaTenbHoe KPUBOIUWIIHOnOJI3yHHOrO 

MeXaHW3Ma. Am YMeHbrUeHWR BPeAHOrO BJIURHUR nyJb- 

CaUWW IIOAasU 3TW HaCOCbI IIPWMeHRIOT C AH~@P~I'M~HH~IMW KOMIIeHcaTopaMw, 

~ M O ~ T U ~ W ~ ~ ~one6a~we 

~ L ~ W MpacTBopa W u perynuposa- 

HWe YaCTOTbI XOAOB HaCOCa. 

np~80d~ble nOpulHe8ble HaCOCbl O~HO~TO~OHH~ZO dedc~su~ - 60- 

JIee MOUHbIe (1000-1500 KBT), PaCCYWTaHHbIe Ha AJIWTeJIbHyIo pa- 

~OTY npW BbICOKWX AaBJIeHMHX (30-40 Mna). B CBR3W C 3TMM y HkiX 

YMeHbrUeHbI AWaMeTpbI n0pKI~efi W YBeJIWseHbI AWaMeTpbI WTOKOB

(BM~CTO 60-70 A0 80-90 MM). TO IIpUBeJIO K TOM)', YTO 06'be~ 

KaMepbI HaCOCa AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBUR CO CTOPOHH UTOKa COKpa- 

TUJICR R CTan COCTaBJIRTb 60-65°/0 06'be~a IIepeA~efi KaMepbI, a Macca 

AsyxnopuIHeBoro Hacoca pes~o ~ospocna, YTO ycnoxHuno ero 

TPaHCIIOPTNPOBKY U MOHTaX B nPOMHCJIOBbIX YCJIOBURX. B CBR3M C 

9TMM KOHCTPYKTOPM BepHyJIMCb K UAee UCIIOJIb3OBaHUR TpeXnOpUHe- 

BbIX HaCOCOB. 

B HaCTORuee BpeMR nPWMeHRIoTCR TpeXIIOpUHeBbIe IIPUBOAHHe 

HaCOCbl OAHOCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBNR. no CpaBHeHMm C ,QByXnOpmHeBbI- 

MU ABYCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBNR OHU 06ecne~uBa10~ IIOYTU B 2 pa3a 6onb- IIIyIo PaBHOMePHOCTb IIOAaYki, a npU MCIIOJIb3OBaHUU ,QUEl@par~e~~b~?r 

KoMneHcaTopoB CMJI~HO CHWxaencR nynbcaqm pacmopa, YTO o6ecneqUBaeT 

BbIBCOKHe nOKa3aTeJIU pa6o~bl. 

5 6. KOHCTPYKU,WH HACOCOB W HX 3JIEMEHTOB 

rn~pa~nn~ec~oii n 

Hacocb~ COCTORT 113 ABYX OCHOBHHX sac~eii: 

TP~HCMUCCMOHHO~~. KOHCT~~K~WM 

HaCOCOB AOBOJIbHO pa3~006pa3~b1, 

HO OTAeJIbHbIe HX 3JIeMeHTbI OAHOTUIIHbI. OICO~~HHO 3T0 OTHOCMTCR K 

TP~HCMNCCWOHHO~~ YaCTB. Ko~~HHo~~ 

Ban T~~HCMUCCUOHHO~~ YaCrIl 

TpexnopruHeBoro Hacoca uMeeT ~ p u KpnBomnna, a AsyxnopmHeBoro 

-nsa. r ~ i ~ p a s n ~ i s esacm c ~ ~ i e pa3nusam~c~ sucnoM UanuanpoB 

N KnanaHoB u ux pacnonoxeHueM. 

B TDeXnOpUHeBOM HaCOCe OAHOCTOpOHHerO A€!~~CTBUR B OTJIUYUe 

OT ABYXnOPUHeBOrO HaCOCa ABYCTOPOHHerO A€!~~CTBUR HeT KaMepbI CO 

IIITOKOM N YIIJI0THRH)uerO CaJlbHNKa, YTO He TOJlbKO YIIpOuaeT KOH- 

CT~YKUUK), HO u ucKnwaeT H~HOC mToKa u 06ner~ae~ 

HaCOCa, TaK KaK He HaAO IIOATRrUBaTb U MeHRTb CaJIbHUKM U U3HO- 

IlleHHbIe UTOKB. Kpo~e TOrO, 3epKanO lIUJlUHApa CO CTOPORH KOpeH- 

HOrO BaJIa OTKPbITO U n03BOJIReT er0 UHTeHCUBHO O ~ M ~ I B OXJIaX- ~ T ~ , 

AaTb N OYUuaTb OT 6yp0~0r0 PaCTBOpa. 

Hacocbl NMeIoT OAUHaKOBYlO CXeMy T~~HCMUCCM~~, KpenRTCR Ha 

nnR nepe~o3~w no npoMbrcny. 

canas~ax 

KOHCT~~KUHR TPeXnOPUlHeBbIX HaCOCOB 

s~cnnya~aqnm 

06u1iii BNA TpexnopuHeBoro Hacoca HET-600, ~b~nyc~ae~oi-0 

B3ET no~a3a~ Ha puc. VII.7. runpa~nwsec~arr sacn ero COCTOMT 

a3 Bcacbrsamuero KonneKTopa I M BcacbIBamrUero KoMneHcaTopa- 

KonnaKa 2, r~i~pasnusec~ofi KOPO~KN 3, B KOTOPO~~ p a 3 ~ e u e ~ bTPM 1 

~ U J I U H A c ~ ~ O~UHRMU 9, BTYJIK~MM U KJIanaHaMU 6 11 7, c6pacb1~aroueii 

nuaua, npenoxpaHuTenbHoro KnanaHa, HarHeTaTenbHoro Kon- 

JIeKTOpa 4 C KOMneHCaTOpOM BbICOKOrO AaBJIeHUR 5. Bpaue~~e TpaHC- 

MUCCMOHHOrO BaJla 14 OT ,QBUraTenR IIepeAaeTCR KJ'IUHO~~M~HHO~~ UJIM 

qen~ofi 

3 npuKpenneHa K cTa- 

nepe,~aseii. ra~pasn~sec~a~ ~opo6~a 

HMHe 12 npU IIOMOuU ~OJITOB. Hacoc CMOHTUPOBaH Ha PaMe-CaJIa3- 

KaX.

Eyp0~0fi 

crmamuero KonneKTopa 1 sepes ~ cac~~amuwfi 

paCTBOp IIOCTynaeT B HarHeTaTeJIbHyIO KaMepy A3 BCa- 

KnanaH 6, npu xone 

BJIeBO IIOPIUHR 9 CO UITOKOM. n0~J'Ie~Hlifi COeAAHeH ~~ICTPOC'~~MH~IM 

XOMYTOM C KOHTPIUTOKOM, KOTOPH~~ COeAUHeH pesb6ofi C nOJI3yHOM 

10. n p A XOne BnpaBO IIOpIUeHb BbITaJIKMBaeT PaCTBOp U3 KaMepbI 

Yepe3 ~arHe~a~eJIbHb1fi KJIaIIaH 7 B H ~ H O P H KOJIJIeKTOp ~ I ~ ~ 4. 

TP~HCMACCAOHH~R 

YaCTb HaCOCa COCTOMT U3 Bana 14 C ay6sa~oR 

ruec~ep~efi, nepenamuefi Bpaueaae ~ Y ~ ~ ~ TKOJI~CY, O M Y yKpen07eHHo- 

MY Ha KOPeHHOM BaJIy 11. Ha 3TOM Bany CMOHTUpOBaHbI Ha POJIHKO- 

IIOAIUAIIHAKaX rUaTYHb1 15, COeAAHeHHbIe IIaJIbIleM C nOn3yHOhl 10. 

CT~HAH~ HaCOCa 12 UMeeT CVMHYIO KPbIUIKY 13. BTYJIKM UAJIMHAPOB 

KpeIIRTCR K ~AHP~BJIu~I~cKO~~ KOPO~K~ ~~ICTPOC'~~MH~IM COeAAHeHMeM, 

a KP~IIUKA KnanaHoB - saxu~a~~. Me~aHll3MbI Hacoca C M ~ ~ H B ~ I ~ T 

c noMoubm Hacoca 8. 

TpexnopUI~e~oii 6yp0~0fi HaCOC OAHOCTOpOHHerO ~I~~~CTBNH 

YHET-950, ~b1IIy~~aeMhIfi no ~Y~~JIM~UB, no llpEiH4EinHaJIbHOMV 

YCTPO~~CTBY aHaJIOrAgeH HaCOCY HET-600. B HeM HeCKOJIbKO OTJIAsHa 

rAApaBJIUseCKaR saCTb, B KOTOPO~~ C UeJIbIO YMeHbUIeHAR MepTBOrO 

IIpOCTpaHCTBa B C ~ C ~ I B ~ IU O H ~ ~ U ~ ~ H ~ ~ T ~ T ~ JKJIanaHbI I ~ H ~ Ipa3Meue- A 

HbI Ha OAHO~~ OCU. 3~0, OAHaKO, yCJIOXHHeT KOHCTPYKllAH) A A3BnerIeme 

Bcacmiamuero KnanaHa A BTynKIi UUJIUHA~OB. 

A B ~ x ~ o ~ U I H ~ 6yp0~0fi B O ~ ~ HaCOC fiByCTOpOHHer0 ~ ~ ~ ~ c T B N R 

6MA2, sb~nyc~ae~brfi no , no~a3a~ Ha p~c. VII.8. Kaxfib~fi 

~iiJIUHAp MMeeT &Be KaMepbI. n p U XOne IIOPUHR 5 BIIpaBO pa:- 

TBOP ~3 RcacbIBamuero KonneKTopa 2 nocTynaeT B nepenamm KaMepy 

4 A HanonHReT ee, a 143 san~eii KaMepbI npn TOM pacTBop sepes 

~ar~eTaTeJIb~b1fi KJIanaH 6 BbITanKUBaeTCR B ~arHe~a~eJIbHbIfi KOJI- 

JIeKTOp 7 C IIHeBMOKOMneHCaTOpOM 8. n p U XOne IIOpUHR BJIeBO PaC- 

TBOP BbITaJIKUBaeTCR B HarHeTaTeJIbHyIO JIUHAIO A3 IIepen~efi KaMn2- 

PbI, a 3afiHRR 3aIIOJIHReTCH. 

B K ~ X A O ~J'IanaHHofi ~ ~ 

K O ~ O ~ 3TOr0 K ~ HaCOCa YCTaHOBJIeHbI ABa 

BCaCbIBaIOuUX U ABa HarHeTaTeJIbHbIX KJIaIIaHa. ~ A A ~ ~ B J I M Y ~ C K ~ R 

YaCTb 3 npMC0enUHReTCR K CTaHWHe 9 IIPABOAHO~~ gaCTM Ha UIIIAJlb- 

Kax. Kaxnb~fi KnanaH uMeeT KP~IUKY AJIR ero ocMoTpa A cMeHbI. 

y8- 

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B 5-20 pas. Ta~ym PeAyKUNIO OCYUeCTBJIRTb B OAHO~~ nepeAa9e He- 

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0,6-0,7 MM. 6JIaI'o~apR 3TNM MePOIIPNRTHRM IIOBePXHOCTb 

TPeHNR UNJINHApa AOJIrO COXpaHReT XOpOIIIee COCTORHNe IIpU BhICO- 

KNX AaBJIeHNRX N COnpOTNBJIeHNe KOppO3UU, 9TO TaKXe 6naronpn~t- 

HO BJINBeT Ha AOJIrOBegHOCTb n0pIII~efl HaCOCa. 

Kpenne~ne u ynnoTHeHne BTYJIKH B ru~pa~nu~ec~oii K O ~ O H$- ~ K ~ 

O~XOANMO, 9~06b1 BTyJIKa 6ma HellOABUXHa, repMeTusHa. Kpenat- 

Hue N rePMeTN9HOCTb He AOJIXHbI HaPYIlIaTbCR npli CMeHe IIOpUIHfi. 

KOHCT~~KUWR K~~IIJI~HNR U ~ ~ J I o T H ~ AOJlXHa H U ~ AOnyCKaTb ~~ICTP~H) 

U JIerKyIo CMeHy BTYJIKN N 0 6 J I a ~ a ~ H~O~XOAHMO~~ 

b 

AoJI~oB~~HocT~~. 

CJIOXHOCT~ KOHCT~~KUNN 3~0ro y3na B Hacocax n~ofi~oro neBc~- 

BUR 3aKJIIOrlaeTCR B TOM, 9TO H~O~XOAWMO YnJIOTHRTb H YKpenJIRTb 

KPMIIIKU UWJIUHAPOB N BTYJIKW OAHOBPeMeHHO. B HaCOCaX OAHOCTOpOHHer0 

A~~~CTBHR 3Ta 3aAasa PeIIIaeTCR IIpOwe, TaK KaK IIpU BbICO- 

KOM AaBneHww BHYTPII KaMepH B npouecce HarHeTaHua BTynKa B~I- 

TaJIKNBaeTCR HapyXy C 66nbwefi cNJIo~, seM CNJIa TpeHIIH IIOPulHR 

o BTYJIKY, ~eiic~~ymwa~ B II~OTWBO~OJIOXHOM HanpasneHuu. IIos~o- 

MY B HaCOCaX OAHOCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBHB YIIJIOTHBIOI~W~~ 3JIeMeHT 

BTYJIKN YCTaHaBJINBaIoT CO CTOPOHbI XNAKOCTN. 

B HaCOCaX AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~cTBNR BbITaJIKNBaIoI4aR CNJIa XWA- 

KOCTU A~~~CTBY~T Ha BTYJIKY IIOIIepeMeHHO C o6e11x CTOPOH. B 3TIIX 

HaCOCaX YIIJIOTHeHNe BTYJIKN W3HaWWBaeTCB. JyWIIkie pe3YJIbTaTbl: 

AaIoT KOHCTPYKUNW C Pa3AeJIbHbIM KpenJIeHNeM N IIOnTRrIIBaHNeM 

ynJ'I0~~e~Nfi KPbIrUKU N BTYJIKN. B KOpnyCe uNJINHApa, AeJIaeTCR OT-

BepCTUe, IIO3BOJIRIOUee KOHTpOJIUpOBaTb rePMeTU4HOCTb YIIJIOTHeHUR. 

B HaCOCaX OAHOCTOpOHHerO A€'~~CTBNR HapyIUeHHe repMeTHqHOCT1i 

YnJIOTHeHUR 3aMeTHO no YTeYKe XUAKOCTH. 

Y~JIoTH~Hu~ npOCTpaHCTBa MeXAy BTYJIKOR U KOPnYCOM B HZLCO- 

CaX ABYCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBUR U3OJIUpyeT &Be pa6osue KaMepbI, Ha- 

XOARUHeCR lT0 06e CTOPOHM IIOPUIHR. Hapyue~~e YnJIOTHeHUR BTyJI- 

KU IIPUBOAUT K IIPOMbIBaHUIO KaHaJIOB B ee 6yp~e U KOpnyCe rUApaB- 

JIUqeCKofi KOPO~KU BCJIeACTBUe IIepeTOKa XUAKOCTW (n0~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B U ~ M 

IIOJIHOrO AaBJIeHUR H ~ ~ H ~ T ~ HU3 N R KaMepbl, ) B KOTOPO~~ IIPOUCXOAUT 

HarHeTaHsie, B KaMepy, me npoucxonuT BcacMsaHue. ~ O ~ T O MAJIR Y 

3TNx HaCOCOB JIyqUIe He3aBHCUMOe KpenJIeHUe BTYJIKU OT IIOAXUM- 

HOrO YCTPO~~CTB~ AJIR IIOATRrUBaHUR YnJIOTHeHUR. 

BTYJIKN UUJIUHApa YnJIOTHRIOTCR Pe3UHOBhIMU U pe3UHOMeTaJIJIU- 

YeCKUMU KOJIbUaMU Pa3JIU9HbTX KOHCTPYKUU~~. Ta~oe 

CO- 

CTOUT U3 ABYX MeTaJIJIUqeCKUX KOJIeU U Pe3UHOBbIX MaHXeT. KPNIUKU 

KJIaIIaHOB U UUJXUHAPOB YIIJIOTHRIOTCR IIpU IIOMOUU IIpOKJIaAOK HJIU 

MaHXeTHbIX CaJIbHNKOB U3 Pe3UHbI UJIU IIJIaCTMaCCbI. ~POKJI~AKU 3a- 

KJIaAbIBaIOT B BbITOYKU, UCKJIIOqaIOUMe UX BbIXUMaHUe IIOA A~~~CTBHeM 

HaBJIeHUR XNAKOCTU. 

l7opluetib tiacoca He TonbKo 06ecnesusae~ ynnoTHeHue, HO a 

6bIc~pyIO CMeHY er0 npll U3MeHeHUU ANaMeTpa BTYJIKU UJIU npU N3- 

HoCe. 06ecneqe~~~ YnJIOTHeHRR, YAO~CTB~ pas6opeu w ~MCTPOR 

CMeHbI IIOPUIHR COeAUHeHHe er0 CO UITOKOM B HaCOCaX ABYCTOPOHHer0 

A~~~CTBUR OCyUeCTBJIHeTCR Ha KOHNY~CKO~~ IIOCaAKe, a B HaCOCaX 

OAHOCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBUR - Ha ~I~JIMHAPUY~CKO~~ IIOCaAKe C MaHXeT- 

HblM YnJIOTHeHUeM. 

y G ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ e 

n0pUIe~b COCTOUT I13 CTaJIbHOrO CepAeqHUKa U OAHOR UJIU AByX 

C'beMHbIX UJIU nPUBYJIKaHU3NPOBaHHbIX K HeMY ~ ~ ~ U H O B MaHXeT. ~ I X 

yBeJIkise~Ue AHaMeTpa MaHXeT IIOPIUHR OTHOCUTeJIbHO AUaMeTpa QT- 

BepCTUR BTYJIKU C03AaeT IIpe~Bapki~eJIb~bIfi HaTRr, 06ecnesu~a10muii 

npaBUJIbHOe A ~ ~ ~ C Tc~Mo~IIJIoTHRIO~~~~CR B U ~ 

MaHXeTbI. ~ O A~~~CTBN- 

A 

eM AaBJIeHHH XUAKOCTI.1 pe3RHa MaHXeTbI eUe IIJIOTHee IIPUXUMaeT- 

CR K pa6oqefi IIOBepXHOCTPI BTYJIKU, CO3AaBaR HaAeXHOe YnJIOTHeHUe 

B n0pUIHRX ~YPOB~IX HaCOCOB H~PYXHMR AUaMeTP MaHXeThI B 

CBO~OAHOM COCTORHUU Ha 2-3 MM 6onb1~e BHyTpeHHerO AUaMeTpa 

BTYJIKU, a AJIHHa KOHHY~CKO~~ qaCTU KaX~ofi MaHXeTbI COCTaBJIReT 

25-27 MM IIpU 06uefi AJIUHe IIOPIUHR 135-150 MM. 

~OPUIHH UMeIOT pa3JIUqHyIO KOHCTPYKUUIO. MOHOJIMTH~IR n0p- 

UIeHb HaCOCa AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBUR (~uc. VII.11, a) COCTOUT U3 

MeTannuse'cKoro cepAesHuKa I u ~ ~ U B ~ J I K ~ H U ~ U ~ O B K ~ HeMy H H Mc X 

ABYX CTOPOH YllJIOTHRIOUUX MaIIXeT 2. AJIR YBeJIUqeHUR npOYHOCTU 

COeAMHeHUR pe3MHbI C MeTaJIJIOM Ha CepAeYHUKe UMeIOTCR @UTYPHM~ 

llPOT0qKki. H~AOCT~TOK ~ O P L U H ~aK0fi ~ ~ ~ KOHCTPYKUNU - H ~O~XOAH- 

MOCTb CMeHbI BCerO nOPUIHR npU U3HOCe P ~ ~ N H O Ber0 O ~ ~ 9aCTN. 

B nOpUIHRX T ~ K KOH,CTPYKUUU O ~ 

MaHXeTbI U3rOTOBJIRIOT U3 CUHTeTU- 

Y ~ C K O M~CJIOH~@T~CTO~~KO~~ 

~ ~ 

Pe3HHM C TBePAOCTbIO no mop)' 80~90. 

I 

Ha puc. VII.11,6 no~a3a~ nop- 

UIeHb HaCOCa OAHOCTOpOHHerO 

CTBUR C YIIJIOTHRIOU~~~ MaHXe- 

TOR 2 u3 nonuypeTaHa unu pesa- 

H~I. KOHCTPYKUUR O ~ ~ C I I ~ ~ I I B ~ ~ T 

6onbruy10 YCTO#~UBOCT~ MaHXeThI, 

TaK KaK OHa MOHOJIUTHa C CepAeY- 

HUKOM 1. YIIJIoTH~Hu~ BHYTP~HH~~~ 

Y aCTU OCyUeCTBJIReTCR CXaTUeM , 

uraii6ofi 3 TOpUa MaHXeTbI. 

UTOK Hacoca, II~uco~AuHR~M~I~~ 

OAXUM KOHUOM K YJJJINHUTeJIIO, . 

a APY~NM K IIOPIUHIO, CJIyXUT A m 

nepenasa MOUHOCTU OT ~PBBOAHO~~ 

YaCTU K ~uA~~BJINY~cKo~~. B HaCO- 

CaX AByCTOpOHHerO A~~~CTBUR IUTOK 

YnJIOTHReTCR CaJIbHUKOM Ha BbIXOne 

a3 ru~pasnusec~oii KOPO~KU. 

B pa3~enu~enb~o8 neperopoAKe 

II~UBOAHO~~ qaCTU YCTaHaBJIUBaeT- 

CR CaJIbHUK AJIR YnJIOTHeHUR KOHTPwToKa. 

Eonbue Bcero us~auru~aeTCR 

UITOK B CaJIbHHKe I'HApaBJIU- 

~ ~ C K OKOPO~KU, R 

rAe OH HaXOAUTCR nOA A~~~CTBU~M 6onbruux AaB- 

JIe~llfi Ha IIOBepXHOCTU TpeHuR u B yCJIOBURX H ~ U ~ ~ ~ X ~PNcYT- H O ~ O 

CTBUR ~ ~ P ~ ~ U BYacTuU. H ~ I X B pa3~enu~enb~ofi neperopoAKe CUJIb- 

HUK pa6o~ae~ B 6onee nermx ycnosnflx. 

~ T O K B U3rOTOBJIRIOT UeJIbHbIMN UJIU COCTaBHbIMU. ~ P COCT~B- B 

HbIX UITOKaX qaCTb, COeAUHeHHYIO C nOJI3yHOM, Ha3bIBaIOT YAJIUHUTe- 

JIeM UJIU KOHTpUITOKOM, AUaMeTp KOTOpOrO 06~9~0 60nbUIe AUaMeTpa 

UITOKa IIOPUIHR. ~ J I u H UITOKa ~ 3aBUCUT OT AJIUHbI xOA~ HaCOCa U 

O~~IYHO COCTaBJIReT B HaCOCaX OAHOCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBUR 0,4-0,6 M, 

a B HaCOCaX AByCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBWR - 1,4-1,7 M, AUaMeTp 50- 

90 MM. 

C 0~~0fi CTOpOHbI IUTOKa Hape3aHa pesb6a UJIU H~XOAUTCR~@JI~- 

HeU AJIR COeAUHeHUR C KOHTPUITOKOM UJIU nOJI3YHOM, a C ApyrOU CTO- 

POHbI UMeeTCR UUJIUHAPMYeCKaR UJIU KOHYCHaR qaCTb AJIR nOCaAKN U 

KpenneHuR nopmm. Ha Tene ruToKa AenaIoT TpeymnbHbIe runaubI, 

JIbICKU MJIU IUeCTUrpaHHUK AJIR BbIBUHYUBaHUR npU CMeHe UJIU YAep- 

X ~ H U R npU OTBUH~UBaHuu rafi~ll nOpIUHR. KOHYCH~R nOCaAKa nOpIU- 

HFI 06e~ne9UBae~ H~O~XOANMYIO npOYHOCTb U rePMeTHqHOCTb COeAN- 

H~HUR u 06nersae~ pacnpeccoBKy B npoMMcnosMx YCJIOBMRX. ~ P H 

fle60~1bruofi KOHYCHOCTU Ha UITOKaX IIpeAYCMaTPUBaIOT ~II~p~blfi TOpeu 

AJIR nopwsg.

~ T O K U ~YPOB~IX HaCOCOB ABYCTOPOHHerO A~~~CTBNR AOJIXHH 

WMeTb BbICOKYIO TBePAOCTb IIOBePXHOCTU AJIR YMeHbIIIeHNR N3HOCa n 

60JIbLUyIO IIpOsHOCTb CepAI&eBUHH, AJIR ser0 OHM U3rOTOBJIRIOTCR N3 

UeMeHTyeMHx JIernpoBaHHbrx c~anefi MapKn 12XH4 nnw BOXHXA, 

~1~60 N3 KaJIRUUXCR KOHCTPYKUUOHHHX c~aJIeft MapOK 40X, 40XH, 

34XHlM U 38XUIDH c HarpeBOM TOKaMW BHCOKO~~ gaCTOTbI H 3a- 

KaJI~ofi IIOBepXHOCTU Ha my6n~y 2-5 MM A0 TBePAOCTW 52~58 HRC. 

TB~~AOCT~ CepAUeBUHbI UITOKa 280~320 HB. B-H~COC~X OAHOCTO- 

POHHerO A~~~CTBEIR UITOKU U3TOTOBJIRIOT 6e3 YIIpOgHeHWR nOBepXH0- 

CTN, TaK KaK OHU He N3HaUIUBaIOTCR CaJIbHUKOM. 

C~RbN~~08ble ljnROTNeHUR UITOKOB HaCOCOB AByCTOpOHHerO 

CTBUR IIpeAHa3Ha'ieHbI AJIR YnJIOTHeHUR UITOKa IIOPUIHR W AeJIRTCR Ha 

HaXNMHbIe U CaMOYIIJIOTHRIOUUeCR. H~XNMHH~ CaJLbLIUKW 3aTRTU- 

BaIOT AJIR CO3AaHNR MeXAY LUTOKOM U H ~ ~ U B K~OJI~UI~I-0 O ~ ~ AaBJIe- 

HU, YeM AaBJIeHNe XNAKOCTU. A ~ BbICOKUX H ~a~.IIe~nfi TaKUe CaJIbHU- 

KU He UPMMeHRIOT. C~MOYIIJIOTHRIO~U~CR CaJIbHUKU He HaAO CWJIbHCl 

3aTRrUBaTb, TaK KaK IIPOUCXOAUT CaMOynJIOTHeHKe. OHU P ~ ~ O T ~ I ~ 

I 

T 

naxe npn ns~oce WToKa Ha 1-1,5 MM. 

Korna B Y ~ ~ O T H H ~ pa6osefi M O ~ ~ KaMepe wneT BcacmaHwe, Tpe- 

Hue B CaMOJ'nJIOTHRIOUeMCR CaJIbHUKe He3HasWTeJIbHO. ~ P IIOJIHOM W 

AaBJIeHUU npUXaTUe CaJIbHUKa K LUTOKY He MOXeT 6b1~b npOU3- 

BOJIbHO ~OJI~UIUM, KaK B CJIysae HaXUMHOrO CaJIbHNKa. YM~H~III~- 

HNe AaBJIeHUR Ha IIOBePXHOCTU MaHXeTa - UITOK 06e~neYWBae~ 

6onbruoii CPOK CJIYX~H KaK MaHXeTbI, TaK U UITOKa. HasaJIb~oe 

o6xa~~e UITOKa AOJIXHO 6b1~b TaKNM, 9 ~ 0 C03AaTb 6 ~ YnJIOTHeHNe 

KaMepH npki BCaCbIBaHUU. 

KoJIbUa H ~ ~ U B KHaXHMHOrO H 

ynJIOTHeHUR MOrYT 6H~b pa3pe3- 

HHMU UJIU Hepa3pe3HHMU. ~ocJI~AHU~ MeHee YAO~H~I. Pe3b60~b1e I 

BTYJIKU YCTPaHRIOT B03MOXHOCTb OAHOCTOPOHHerO CXaTWR H ~ ~ N B - 

KN W n03BOJIRIOT OCYUeCTBUTb H~O~XOANMO~ YnJIOTHeHkie. Am 

IIpeAOXpaHeHUR MaHXeTHOTO ynJIOTHeHUR OT CKPYsUBaHNR CJIYXUT 

MeTaJIJIUYeCKOe KOJIbUO. C~MO~IIJIOTHRIO~U~~CR CaJIbHUK c~a6Xae~- 

Ha BbICTyn ApyrOrO KOJIbUa, 

BcneAcTBne qero nocneAHee Ae- 

@OPMNPY~TCR W IIPOWCXOAUT 

npeAsapwTenbHoe ynnoTHeHne. 

8 CaJIbHUKe C HeCKOJIbKWMU 

~ k ~ 6 p a 3 N ~ HaXWMHbIMU 

b ~ ~ ~ 

~b~annnsec~n~n KoJIbrIaMn yc- 

T~H~BJIUB~IOT seTbIpe - BOCeMb 

MaHXeT, OAHaKO npU pa6o~e 

60ab111e U3HaUIUBaIoTCR IIepBbIe 

aBe MaHXeTbI. C~JI~HNKN 3TOr0 

TUna He T ~ ~ ~ Y ~ CAJIbHO T C H 3a- 

TRrHBaTb. 

~IIJIoTHR~M~IO rIaCTb MaHXeT 

06b19~0 U3TOTOBJIRIOT U3 Mac- 

JIoH~@T~cTo~~Ko~~ 

CNHT~TH'~~CKO~~ 

Pe3NHbI TBePAOCTbIO no U0py 

85t95 NJIU N3 Pa3JINLIHbIX 

nJIaCTMaCC. 

j(RanaNbl HaCOCOB npeAHa- Puc. VII.12. ne~anu KnanaHa Hacoca 

3HaseHbI AJIR nepNOAUseCKOr0 

OTKPbITNR W 3aKPbITNR BCaCbIBaIOUUX U HarHeTaTeJIbHbIX OTB~PCTU~ 

KaMep. B nopwHemx Hacocax npnMeHRmT caMononneMHHe Knana- 

HH TapenbsaToro Tnna, T. e. c on~oii B~IXOAHO~~ uenbm. 

Knana~ (pnc. VII.12) COCTORT n3 cenna I, TapenKw co WTO- 

KOM 2, YIIJIOTHRIOUerO KOJIbUa 3, 3JIeMeHTOB er0 KpenJIeHUR 4 

U IIPyXNHbI 5. ~IIJIoTHRIO~~R IIOBePXHOCTb - KOHUgeCKaR C YrJIOM 

HaKJIOHa 30-60". 

npW HpOKasKe ~YPOB~IX PaCTBOPOB, COAePXauUX a6pa3ki~~bIe 

saCTWUbI, OCO~~HHO YTRXeJIeHHbIX PaCTBOPOB, CPOK cnyx6~ KJIana- 

HOB 3HaYUTeJIbHO COKpaUaeTCR, a B PRAe CJIyYaeB BMeCTO 300- 

500 s COCTaBJIReT BCerO 20-30 s pa60~b1, n03TOMY KOHCTPYKUUR 

CR YCTPO~CTBOM AJIR IIOAasU CMa3KU. 

A ~ YMeHbUIeHUR H 

W3HOCa CaJIbHUKa W UITOKa ~ocJI~AHW~~ HaAO 06- 

I KJIanaHOB AOJIXHa AOnyCKaTb ~~ICTPYIO WX CMeHY U OCMOTP. &FI 

yno6c~~a sKcnnyaTasnw BcacbIBamUwe w HarHeTaTenbHbIe Knana- 

MbIBaTb YUCTO~~ BOAO~~ UJIU CMeCbIO MaUIUHHOrO MaCJIa C AW3eJIbHbIM 

TOnJIUBOM. 06~9~0 B HaCOCe IIpeAyCMaTpUBaeTCR TPY~K~, HeIIpe- 

PHBHO nOAaIOUaR Ha LUTOK B~JIU~U CaJIbHWKa TOHKYIO CTPYIO BOAbI 

W3 BOAO~POBOAHO~~ CeTU UJIU MaCJIa U3 6as~a, YCTaHOBJIeHHOI'OHaa 

HaCOCOM. 

ynJI0THeHUR IIITOKOB IIpU HU3KUX AaBJIeHNRX npWMeHRfOT 

pe3UHOTKaHeBbIe KOJIbUa, IIpU BbICOKUX AaBJIeHNRX - pa3JIW9HhIe 

KOM~NHNPOB~HH~I~ CaJIbHWKU, COCTORUUe U3 pe3NHOBHX KOJIeU 

C MeTaJIJIUseCKUM KapKaCOM. Am YnJIOTHeHUR UITOKOB npU AaBJIe- 

HURX HaCOCa 20-30 Mna UCnOJIb3yIOT npeHMyUeCTBeHH0 CaJIbHH- 

KU C CaMOYIIJIOTHRIOUUMUCR MaHXeTaMU Pa3JIU9HbIX KOHCTPYKUU~~. 

Konbqa canbHnKa n M e m KocbIe paspesb~ c M e m nx 6e8 

n p N 3aTRXKe OAHO KOJIbU0 T~IJI~Ho~~ YaCTbIO HaXUMaeT 

I 

i 

HH N3rOTOBJIRIOT B3aWM03aMeHReMbIMW. 

TapeJI~a KnanaHa c~a6~ae~c~ 

HanpaBneHneM, 06ecnesw~am- 

UNM TOgHYIO nOCaAKy Ha CeAJIO OAHOBpeMeHHO no ~cefi IlOBepXHO- 

CTU IIOCaAOYHOI'O nORCKa. flJIR YBeJIUseHHR 0nop~ofi IIOBepXHOCTH 

TapeJIKa KJIanaHa H N X H ~ ~ IIJIOCKOCTbIO ~ 

CaAHTCR Ha nepeMbI'iKy 

ceana, TO ~H~YHT~JI~HO noBHmaeT CPOK cnyx6~ KnanaHa. 

Haw6onee OTB~TCTB~HH~I~~ 3JIeMeHT, 0llpe~eJIRIO~Wfi AOJIrOBes- 

HOCT~ KnanaHa, - conpsmeHwe ynnoTHsmwero sne~e~~a nocanos- 

HHX no~epx~oc~efi cenna w TapenOK. nnac~usec~we MaTepwanH 

U Pe3WHH npW BCeCTOPOHHeM CXaTWH nOgTW He MeHRIOT CBOerO 

o6ne~a, HO JIerKO MeHRIOT @OPMY H 3aIIOJIHRIOT CBO~OAHO~ nPO- 

CTpaHCTBO n0A A~~~CTBH~M pa3HOCTW A~BJI~HW~. -- 

pa36op~n. 

200 

201

A ~ H 

YMeHbKIeHHR H3HOCa YllJIOTHRIOuNX ~ O B ~ ~ X H OTapeJlKH C T ~ ~ ~ 

KnanaHOB N CeAJIa HX TePMAseCKA 06pa6a~~~a1o~ n~60 no BCeMy, 

o6'be~y, n~60 TOnbKO nOCaAO~HhIe IIOBePXHOCTN C HarpeBOM TOKad 

MU B~ICOKO~~ saCTOTbI NAN UeMeHTyIOT N 3aKaJINBaIOT. 3a~aJIKa 

C HarpeBOM nPOH3BOAHTCR Ha my6kiHy 2-4 MM. TB~PAOCT~ KJIana- 

Ha 55+60 HRC. Ann KnanaHoB npuMeHRIoT KanRuuecR KOHCTPYK- 

UuOHHbIe CTanN MapOK 40XHM, 40XC, 38XCT w ~ p Hkis~oyrnepp- 

. 

AACTbIe KOHCTPYKUNOHHbIe CTaJIH MapOK 20r, 18XTT, 20XH3 U Ap,y- 

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COOTBeTCTBeHHO pa~naJIb~0fi H O C ~ B O AIlHaMNseCKHX ~ ~ 

HarPY30K. 

Easo~a~ AonroseyHocTb noAmnnHnKa (pecypc) - sucno o6opo- 

TOB 

rAe Ca - nIIHaMHZIeCKaSI rpY30nOA'beMHOCTb, MH; p - CT~~~HHOR nOKa3aTeJIb, AJIR luapHKOn0ALUHnHHKOB p=3, AJIH pOJIHKOnOAluHn- 

HHKOB ~=3,33. 

AO~~OB~YHOCT~ 

nOALUHnHHKa (B 9) 

n p H M e p VIII.1. Onpenenn~b cuonbKo cKBaxun rny6w~ofi Lc=4000 M 

MOXHO np06yp~~b C HCIIOJIb30BaHNeM BepTnWra YB-251OMA A0 ncYepnaHHR pe- 

CypCa rnaBH0fi OIIOpbI. Aa~o: 6ypHnbHaR KOnOHHa COCTONT H3 114-MM TPY~, BeC 

1 M BYPH~~H~IX TPY~ q=300 H/M; ly6~=300 M; qy6,=1780 H/M; IIJIOTHOCTb 

6ypoeoro pacmopa pD- l,l r/c2r13; Pn=200 KH; Pp= 18 Mna; d,=0,1 M; ns,= 

= 100 O~/MHH - PaCYeTHaR YaCTOTa BpaUeHAR 6 y p ~ b H o h KOnOHHbI; V6.cp= 

- 10 M/S - CPeAHSH MeXaHNYeCKaR CKOPOCTb 6ypewn~; Coo - 8,27 MH - CTa- 

THqeCKaR rpy30IIOn'beMHOCTb IIOALlINIIHHKa N? 889752 BepTnWra; Ca=3,51 MH; 

RT= 1620 KH - CTpaTHBaWUlaR HaTpY3Ka 6ypNnbHbl~ Tpy6 MapKH E; ka= 0,7. 

Pelue~ue. 

P~CY€!TH~R ANHaMUYeCKaR Harpy3Ua Ha OIIOpy no YpaBHeHHlo (V111.2) 

3,14.0,12 

- 200 4- 18.108 = 1360 KH nnn 1,36 MH. 

4 

Pacse~aa~ ~ K B H B ~ ~ ~ H~arpys~a, T H ~ R ~efic~~ymLuan 

BbrpameHnR (VIII.3) 

P, = PBnkTk&kK = 1360.1.1,7.0,7.1 = 1620 KH 

wnw 1,62 MH. 

5 4.6YPOBbIE PYYABA 

Ha rnaasylo onopy, a3 

Eyposbre rn6~ne pyKasa npen~a3~ase~b1 AnR nonBona OT CTOR- 

Ka K BepTnmry 6ypo~oro pacmopa nnn rasa. B 6ypo~brx ycTasoa- 

KaX AJIR 6ype~ki~ my6o~nx CKBaXUH nPHMeHRH)T OnJIeT04HbIe 6y- 

POBbIe PyKaBa (pkic. VIII.6) BHYTPeHHUM AHaMeTpOM OT 38 A0 

76 MM, paccsnTaHHbIe Ha AnHaMnsecKoe AasneHue no 20 Mna. 

EypoBbIe pyKaBa 3TOr0 THna H3rOTOBJIRIOT N3 HeCKOJIbKkIX CJIOeB

pe3II~b1, cnPipaJIb~0fi OnJIeTKU U3 c~aJIb~0fi npOBOJIOKU, TPOCOB, 

KopAa u ~e~annusec~ofi onnemn. 

P e 3 ~ ~ 0 ~ bCnOU I e 06ecnesu~a1o~ repMeTUsHOCTb, TU~KOCT~ U 

JIerKOCTb BpaueHUR CTBOJIa BepTJIIora, ~0~0pbIfi AOJIXeH Bpa- 

UaTbCR OT yCUJIUR, npIiJIOXeHHOr0 OAHUM pa6osu~ K KJIIoYy 

c nnesoM 1 M; 

nJIoTHocTb MeXAy OTAenbHbIMU CJIORMU OnJIeTOK. Me~anJIkiqe~~Me 

OnfieTKn o6ecness~a1o~ npOsHOCTb U I'U~KOCT~. BHYTP~HHU~ U Ha- 

YpOBeHb MaCJIa B KOpnyCe U B CJIyqae H~O~XOAUMOCTU AOJIMTb 

B COOTBeTCTBUU C BHCTPYKLIU~~. 

pyX~b1fi CnON USTOTOBJIRIoT H3 H~@T~-M~CJIOCTO~~KHX pe3UH UJIU 

nJlaCTMaCC. Ha BHYTpeHHIOIo KBK 6b1 pe3UHOBYIo TPY~Y HanOXeH 

6pe~~ep, 3aTeM HeCKOJIbKO CJIOeB KOpAa, nOCne sero CJIeAyIoT ABe 

O~MOTKU U3 M~T~JIJIuY~cKo~~ UJIeTeHKU, CHN3Y U CBepXY KaXAOrO 

cnoR nponoxeabl: cnos pe3u~b1, 06ecnesn~a1ouue MOHOJIUTHOCT~. I 

nocne nneTeHKu cneAyIoT Ass cuno~b~x cnoR cnupanb~ofi onneTKu 

n3 ~ e ~ a n n u q e c ~ npononoKu o i i nnu Tpoca, MexAy KOTOPHMU Haxo- 

ARTCR cnou P ~ ~ U H ~ I . 

AnR coennHeHuR co CTORKOM u OTBOAOM BepTnmra Ha o6oux 

KOHuaX PyKaBa npHByJlKaHU3HpOBaHbI MeTannuqecKne TPY~H C 6yp- 

TOM, K KOTOPbIM nPUCOeANHeHbI @JIa~4bl HJIU na~py6~u, COCTaB- 

I 

nRIo4kie c PyKaBOM KaK 6b1 OAHO uenoe. AnR 06ecnese~u~ 6e3- 

OnaCHOCTU BAOJlb ru6~0ro PYKaBa YKPenJIRIOT TPOC, CO~AUH~HH~I~~ 

C BepTJIIorOM U ~bIN~0fi. 

H0~bIfi BepTAIor AOJIXeH 6bI~b IIpeABapUTeJIbHO O ~ K ~ T IIpU ~ H 

~e60~1b~ofi Harpy3Ke B TeseHEie 1-1,5 Y. npu O ~ K ~ THaTPY3KY K ~ 

cneAyeT nomrnaTb nocTeneHHo, noKa onepaTop He Y~~AUTCH, TO 

sepTnmr pa6o~ae~ ucnpamo. 

B nepuon sKcnnyaTauuw HaAo nepnoAusecKu nposepmb TeMnepaTypy 

Kopnyca BepTnIora ( ~ ouynb a npIi cnycKe ~ep~nmra) u co- 

CTORHMe MaCJIa B KOpnyCe. Ecnu MaCJlO 3aTpR3HeHO U BepTAIOr HarpesaeTcR 

BbIrrre 70°C, TO Macno cneAyeT cnuTb, BaHHy Kopnyca 

IIPOMbITb KePOCUHOM UJIU WCTbIM BepeTeHHbIM MaCJIOM, HarpeTbIM 

no 80-100 "C, nocne sero sanu~b csexee Macno u sanpa~u~b KOH- 

CHCT~HTHO~~ C M ~ ~ K O ~ ~ P. U IIpOnyCKe MaCJIa HUXHUM CanbHUKOM 

HaAO 3aUllTpUIleBaTb KOHCUCTeHTHyIo CMa3KY, eCnU TerIb MaCJIa He 

IlpeKpaTHTCR, TO CMeHUTb MaHXeTY CaJIbHUKa. ~ P U IIpOnYCKaX 

6ypo~oro paCTBOpa HanOpHbIM CaJIbHUKOM H~O~XOABMO 3aKaYaTb 

T~XHH~~CK~R XapaKTepHCTHKa ~~POBUX OnJIeTO'4HblX PYKBBOB 

Awahfe~p, MM: 

BHYTP~HHN~ . . . . . . . . . . . 38 50 65 76 

~apyXHEdh . . . . . . . . . . . 58 73,2 96,8 107.6 

Aa~a~wsec~oe naaneeue, Mna . . . . 20 15 20 20 

Macca I M py~a~a, ~r . . . . . . . 3,02 3,85 8,06 9,42 

fiyp0~hIe PyKaBa IIOCTaBJIRIoTCR AJIUHO~~ A0 18 M. 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX AJIR reOJIOrOpa3BeAOsHOrO 6ype~u~ IIpU 

MeHbrUHX AaBJIeHURX 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa U nOAasaX IIpUMeHRIoT 

pe3UHOBble PyKaBa BbICOKOrO AaBJleHUR BHYTPeHHUM AUaMeTPOM OT 

25 AO 50 MM, PaCCWiTaHHhIe Ha AaBJIeHUe 14 Mna npU AHaMeTpe 

25 MM ki Ha 4 Mna npu AeaMeTpe 50 MM. Anu~a pyKaBOB A0 10 M. 

PYK~B~ n0CTaBJrRIoTCR 6e3 npUCOeAHHUTeJlbHbIX YCTPO~~CTB U KpenRTCR 

K CTORKY UJIU HaCOCy U BepTJIIory pa3JIUsHbIMU 3aXUMHbIMN 

I 

KOHCUCTeHTHYIo CMa3KY, OCTaHOBUB IIPOKaYKY PaCTBOPa, eCnU Teqb 

He IIpeKpaTUTCR, 3aMeHUTb CaAbHUK UCIIpaBHhIM, ~0~0pbIfi AOJIXeH 

6bl~b 3apa~ee IIOArOTOBneH. n p U IIpOIIyCKaX 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa 

B IIpBCOeAUHATenbHbIX pesb6ax CTBOJIa ki npeAOXpaHUTenbHOr0 ne- 

PeBOAHUKa 3aMeHUTb IIepeBOAHHK UJIU BepTJlIor. EX~AH~BHO np0- 

BePRTb 3aTRXKY KpeneXHbIX ~e~anefi. 

Bep~nmr ~eo6xo~n~o CMa3bIBaTb B COOTBeTCTBUH C ~~BOACKO~ 

HHCT~YKUH~~~. 

B ~a6n. VIII.2 npuseneHa npuMepHaR KapTa C M ~ ~ KBepTnIora. M 

O6~yx COCTORHUe BepTJIIora U 6ypo~oro PyKaBa IIpOBepRIoT 

eXeAHeBH0. Ecnu 0 6 ~ a p y X U ~ a IHeHCnpaBHOCTb, o ~ 

ee H~O~XOAHMO 

npncnoco6ne~n~~u. 

Mecro CMBSKH 

nepH0A CMaSKH 

9HMa I JIWO 

P~KOM~HA~UHH 

OT npa~unb~ofi s~cnnya~aunu 

BepTnIora u 6yp0~0r0 pyKaBa BO 

MHOrOM 3aBUCUT AJIUTeJlbHOCTb 6e30~~a3~08 pa6o~b1 6yp0~0ii YCTa- 

HOBKU B npOueCCe 6ype~UR CKBaXUHbI. 

nycKoM BepTnIora B sItcnnyaTasuIo H~O~XOAHMO 

nepe~ 

PkiTb: 

npose- 

KpenneHue pyKasa K OTBOAY u oTBoAa K 

HanopHor0 CaJIbHUKa; 

KpbIuiKe, KpenneHue 

COCTORHMe npUCOeAUHUTeJIbHbIX pe3b6 CTBOJIa BepTJIIora U ripe- 

AOXpaHliTeJIbHOrO lTepeBOAHUKa; pe3b6b1 He 

~pex~e~uii; 

AOJIXHbI UMeTb no- 

Bce pOntlK0- u ma- 

pUKOnOAlUUnHwKH 

onop eepmmra 

Macno swnuHn- 

POBOe 11 (OCT 

380187-75) 

nanbsbr m~pona, C~as~a yHwBep- TO me 

~um~ee w sepx~ee canbean, CP~A- 

YnnOTHeHwe u ~ a ~ - e n n a ~ YC-3 ~ a ~ 

nopHb15 CaJIbHUK (TOCT 1033- 

79) 

Macno aBnaun- 

OHHOe MC-14 

(TOCT 21793- 

76) 

Macno sanwea~b sepes or- 

BepCTHe B KpbIlIIKe. Bepx- 

~utl w HWIKHHR YPOBHH 

KOHTpOJlUpOBaTb CTepX- 

HeM. C M ~ Macna H ~ sepea 

3 Mec, nononHeHne no Me- 

pe H~AO~HOCTH 

C~asb~sa~b p y s Haco- ~ ~ ~ 

COM sepes npyxnHHMe 

MacneeKw 1 pas B cMeHy 

no 20-50 r

HeMeAJIeHHO YCTPaHUTb. ~ P U HeB03MOXHOCTN YCTpaHeHUR HeHClIpaBHOCTEi 

6yp0~0ii BepTJIIor HanpaBJIFIIQT Ha PeMOHT, a PyKaB 3a- 

MeHRIOT HOBbIM. 

n p l ~ TpaHCnOpTHpOBKe BepTJIIora OTBepCTUR B IIepeBOAHHKe 

CTBOna H OTBOAe AOJIXHbI 6b1Tb 3aKPbITbI npo6Ka~u BO w36e~a~ae 

n0naAaHHFI BHYTPb OTB~PCTN~~ rPR3U U IIOCTOPOHHUX npeAMeTOB. 

~ ~ M K O B pesb6a ~ R nepeBOAHlIKa AOJIXHa 6b1Tb 3auHueHa OT no- 

~peXfie~Eiii npeAOXpaHUTeJIbHbIM IIepeBOAHHKOM. 

Eyposb~e pyKasa npH nepe~os~ax cnenyeT o6epera~b OT no- 

~peXAe~kifi. XP~HHT~ PYKaBa AJIHTeJIbHOe BPeMFI H~O~XOAUMO B 

TeMHOM N nPOXJIaAHOM nOMe4eHUH. AJIHT~JI~Ho~ npe6~sa~~e py- 

KaBa Ha COJIHeYHOM CBeTe UJIU IIpU HU3KNX TeMnepaTypaX IIpUBOAUT 

K ero npexnespeMeHHoMy cTapeHum. 

1. Ha3HaneH~e H ~YHKUWH 6yp0~0r0 BepTnlora. 

2. Onwrrra~e cxeMy BepTnIora nnx 6ype~w~ rny6oeux CKBaXWH. 

3. T~nopas~epbl. BepTnloroB. 

4. TpeBo~a~u~, npen-bssnrreMbre K KOHCTPYKUHRM BepTnloroB. 

5. npHHUWn pa6o~h1 ~~ICT~OC-~~MHO~O 

HanOpHOrO YnJIOTHeHHR. 

6. ~oALUHIIHHKW, IIpWMeHReMble B BepTJIloraX U BOCnPUHUMaeMble 

FDV3KW. 

HMH Ha- 

TJIABA IX 

llPUBOAbl 6YPOBbIX YCTAHOBOK 

~P~IBOAOM ~YPOBO~~ YCTaHOBKB Ha3bIBaeTCR COBOKYnHOCTb ABWra~enefi 

u perynnpymu~x ux pa6o~y ~pa~c~uccwfi u ~CTPO~~CTB, 

npeo6pa3ymuux TennoBym nnu sne~~pusec~yro 3~eprum B MexaHu- 

seceym, ynpa~nsrmunx ~exa~usec~oii s~eprueii u nepeAamuux ee 

UCnOJIHkiTeJIbHOMy O~O~~AOB~HHH, - HaCOCaM, POTOpy, ne6e~~e 

U AP. MO~HOCT~ npHBOAa ( ~ BXOAe a B TP~HCMUCCHIO) XapaKTepUsye~ 

ocHoBHbIe ero no~pe6n~e~1bc~ue n TexHusecKue c~oiic~sa u FIB- 

JIReTCR KJI~CCH@HK~L(HOHH~IM ( ~ ~ B H ~ IITapaMeTpOM. M ) 

B 3aBHCPiMOCTH OT UCIIOJIb3yeMOrO nepBUsHOr0 UCTOsHUKa 3HeprlIH 

nPIlBOAbI AeJIFITCFI Ha aBTOHOMHbIe, He 3aBNCRUUe OT CHCTeMbI 

~ H ~ ~ ~ O C H ~ ~ l4 X HeaBTOHOMHbIe, ~ H H R , 

3aBHCFIWNe OT CWCTeMbI 3Hep- 

~OCH~~X~HHH, C nHTaHHeM OT IIPOMbIUIJIeHHbIX 3JIeKTPUYeCKUX Ce- 

~eii. Y a B T o H o M H b~ M n p N B o A a M OTHOCRTCR ABuraTenu BHYTpeHHero 

cropaHnR (ABC) c ~exa~usec~ofi, ru~pasnusec~ofi anu 

sne~~ponepenasefi. K H e a B TO H o M H b~ M n p n B o A a M OTHO- 

CFITCR: 3ne~~pon~nra~enn nocTomHoro ToKa, nuTaeMbre OT npo- 

MbIUJIeHHbIX ce~efi nepeMeHHOr0 TOKa Yepe3 TWpllCTOPHbIe BbInPR- 

MnTenbHbIe cTaHunu ynpasneHnR; ~JI~KT~OABU~~T~JIU 

nepeMeHHoro 

TOKa C r~~paBJIllYe~~0fi nu60 ~ ~ ~ K T ~ O A H H ~ MT H ~ ~ H~ C MKHO C~ C~ H ~ ~ ~ 

wna perynapyeMbre TU~UCTO~H~IMW CucTeMaMu. 

B COOTBeTCTBHU C KUH~M~TUKO~~ YCTaHOBKW IlPUBOA MOXCT kiMeTb 

TPW OCHOBHbIX MCnOJIHeHUR: UHAWBUAY~JI~H~I~~, rpyIIII0~0fi U KOM- 

~UHWPOB~HH~I~~ UJIW CM~UI~HH~I~. 

ki~dusudyanbxbrli npueod - ~ a X ~ b I fHCIIOJIHHT~JI~HM~~ i 

Mexa- 

HH3M (ne6eAKa, HaCOC HJIH POTOP) IIPHBOAUTCR OT 3JIeKTpOABUra- 

~enefi wnu ABC H~~~BNCHMO Apyr OT Apyra. Eonee ruwpo~o TOT 

BuA IIpHBOAa paClTpOCTpaHeH C 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIRMU. npli er0 HCnOJIb30BaHBW 

AOCTUraeTCR BbICOKaR MaHeBPeHHOCTb B KOMIIOHOBKe 

H pa3MerrleHHU 6ypo~oro 060py~o~a~ua Ha OCHOBaHHRX IIpU MOH- 

Taxe. 

rpynn080~ npueod - HeCKOJIbKO ~BUI'aTenefi COeAUHeHbI CyM- 

~UpyIOuefi T ~ ~ H C M H C CH H IIpuBOART ~ ~ ~ HeCKOJIbKO UCnOJIHUTeJIbHbIX 

MeXaHU3MQB. E~o nPNMeHRIOT IIPH ABHraTeJIRX BHYTpeHHerO CrO- 

PaHHR, 

KOM~UHUPOBUHH~~~ 

npueod - kiCnOJIb3OBaHUe UHAUBHAyaJIbHOI'O 

H rpynnOBOr0 IIPUBOAOB B OAHO~~ YCTaHOBKe. Hanpw~ep, HaCOCbI 

VPHBOARTCR OT HHAWBHAYaJIbHbIX ~~UraTeJIefi, a ne6en~a U POTOP 

OT 06uero ABHraTeJIFI. BO BCeX CJIyYaRX XapaKTepUCTHKU npUBOAa 

AOJIXHH ~au60~1ee nOJIHO YAOBJIeTBOpRTb T p e 6 y e ~ b 1 XapaKTepU- 

~ 

CTHKaM WCnOJIHWTeJIbHbIX MeXaHU3MOB. 

~ o T ~ ~ ~ H T ~ J I F3HeprkiH I M H 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKH 5IBJIRH)TCR: 

B npouecce 6ype~u~- 6yposue HacocbI, po~op (npu P o ~ o p ~ o M 

6ype~uu), YCT~O~~CTB~ AJIR IIpUrOTOBneHUR U OsUCTKU 6ypo~oro 

PacTBOpa OT B ~ I ~ Y P ~ H HnOpOAbI; O ~ ~ KOMIIpeCCOp, BOA RHO^^ HaCOC 

a AP.; 

npa cnycKe n noAxeMe KOJIOHH~I ~py6-ne6e~~a, KoMnpeccop, 

KJII0Y. 

~ ~ W B O A TaKXe ~ I AeJIRTCR Ha r JI a B H bI e (npUB0~bI ne6e~~u, 

BOA RHO^^ HaCOC U M ~ X ~ H H ~ U P O B ~ H H ~ I ~ ~ 

HaCOCOB ii p0~0pa) u B C no M 0 r a T e JI b H bI e (II~HBoAH OCTaJIb- 

HbIX YCTPO~~CTB 

no~pe6nne- 

H MeXaHU3MOB YCT~HOBKW). MOUHOCTL, 

Man BCnOMOraTeJIbHbIMM ~ C T ~ O ~ ~ C T He B ~ npeBbIUaeT M ~ , 10-15 % 

MOUHOCTW, n0Tpe6JIRe~0fi rJIaBHbIM O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ H H ~ M . 

~ U ~ I C O CXUPUlCTePUCTUlCU T ~ - C ~OCO~HOCT~ CHJIOBOrO npUBOAa 

aBToMaTusecKu wnu npw ysacTm onepaTopa B npouecce pa6o.r~ 

~MCTPO ~~P~CIIOC~~JIUB~T~CR 

K U3MeHeHURM HarPY30K U YaCTOT Bpa- 

WeHWH HCIIOJIHUTeJIbHhIX MeXaHW3MOB. ~ W ~ K O CXaPaKTePHCTHKli T ~ 

sasucw~ OT KO~@@H~H~HT~ np~cnoco6n~e~oc~w, ~uanaso~a pery- 

JIwpoBaHHR YaCTOTbI BpaUeHkiR BaJIOB CUJIOBOrO npUBOAa H IlpUe- 

MHcTOCTH ABHraTeJIR. 

Ko~@@u~u~?HT ZU~KOCTU XapaKTepHCTHKU OnpeAeJIReTCII OTHO- 

UIeHHeM H3MeHeHHR saCTOTb1 BpaueHUH K BbI3BaHHOMY WM OTKJIO- 

HeHHIo MOMeHTa HarpysKH 

k,= An/AM.

11 

$1 OH IIpOIIOpUHOHaJIeH IIepeAaTOsHOMy OTHOIUeHHIO U2l H o6pa~- 

HO nponopunoHaneH KO~@@WUU~HT~ 

neperpys~w k,, T. e. 

kr=u21/kn. 

~U~MUCTOCT~H) Ha3bIBaeTCH NHTeHCHBHOCTb OCyUeCTBJIeHKH 

nepexonHblx npoueccoB, T. e. Bpem, B TeseHwe KoToporo nswra- 

TeJIb N CNAOBO~~ npHBOn PearHpyIOT Ha H3MeHeHUe HarPY3KU N H3- 

MeHRIOT saCTOTy BpaUeHHH. 

~ ~ U C ~ O C O ~ A R ~ - M CBO~~CTBO 

O C T ~ CWJIOBOrO npHBOAa H3MeHRTb 

KPYTRUUR MOMeHT H gaCTOTy BpaUeHIlR B 3aBHCliMOCTki OT MOMeH- 

HbI HeIIOJIHOCTbIO. 

Ta COnpOTHBneHHH. C O ~ C T B ~ H H npwcnoco6n~e- 

~ R 

M 0 C T b - CBO~~CTBO ABHraTenR ~~~ICIIOCO~ART~CR K ~ H e ~ H e fHa- i 

I 

rpy3Ke. MCKYCCTB~HH~R I ~ ~ H c ~ ~ c o ~ ~ ~ ~ M o c T ~ - c 

CTBO ~pa~c~nccwfi npwcnoca6nw~a~b xapaKTepwcTwKy nswraTenR 

K U3MeHeHNIO BHeLUHefi HarPY3KW. 

Ko~@@uyueu~ow npucnoco6~~e~oc~u u ~ u nepezpyslcu k, Ha- 

3bIBaeTCR OTHOLUeHWe MmaxJMH, rne Mmax H M, - H ~H~OJI~IUH~~ 

li ~0~ki~aJIb~bIfi KPYTRUWe MOMeHTbI. 

fiuanaso~ peZyAUp08UHUR rlaCTOTbl 8pU&eHUR R - OTHOUleHHe 

M~KCWM~JI~HO~~ XiCTOTbI BpaUeHHR nmax K HOMWH~JI~HO~~ n,. 

Ecnw B CHJIOBO~? npABOA BXOART CpeACTBa HCK~CCTB~HHO~~ npH- 

CIIOCO~JIR~MOCTH, TO kn=knAkn.r, a naana30~ perynHpoBaHuH sac- 

TOT BPaUeHNH R=RART, rAe knA ki Rn - COOTBeTCTBeHHO KO~@@WgaeHT 

II~UC~OCO~JIH~MOCTU a nwanaao~ CO~CTB~HHO~O perynaposa- 

HUH nBwraTenR B npenenax yc~ofisw~b~x pexwMoB pa6o~b1; k,, 

N R T - TO Xe, AJIR CpeACTB HCK~CCTB~HHO~~ II~HcIIoco~JIH~MocTH, 

B 

Hawnysruwe pe3yJIbTaTbl npa 6ype~~a CKBaXHH MOrYT 6bI~b 

CTU~HYT~I, ~orna npw~on H M ~ ruwpo~wfi ~ T nwanaso~ perynaposaa 

o OT ~ HYnR ~ - HeIIpOAOJIXkiTeJIbHOe BpeMH ki a0 M~KCHM~JI~HO~~ saCT0' 

BpaUeHHH, ~pe6ye~ofi YCJIOBHRMH 6ype~u~. OCO~~HHO 3T0 ~eo6 

AWMO AJIR HacocoB npw BKnIoseHuw wx B napannenbHyIo pa60 

Ei IIpH BOCCTaHOBJIeHHH IJ.HpKynHUkiH IIOCne HapaUHBaHHR IinH IIt 

JIe IIpHXBaTOB ki OCJIOXH~HH~~ B CKBaXUHe, a T a m e AnH POTO 

npki BpaUeHHH KOJIOHHbI TPY~. ~PWBOA HaCOCOB W POTOpa n0JIlK 

o6ecnesw~a~b AnwTenbHym pa6o~y c B~ICOKUM K. n. A. npw YacTc 

apaueswx, coc~a~n~~ouefi 20-50°/~, a wHorna H MeHee c~oefi I 

MHH~JI~HO~~ BeJIHskiHbI. 

Haw6onee TRXenbIe YCJIOBHR CO3AaIOTCR IIPN JIWKBWfiaUHN a1 

pH8 B CKBaXUHaX. B 3TWX CJIyYaRX npHBOA 3KCIIJIyaTUpyeTCR C 

KO IIePeMeHHbIMU Harpy3KaMH, saCT0 TP~~YIOTCR PeBepC ki IIepWa 

MOUHOCTN, npe~~ruawuefi pacseTaym. 

BO ~ 36eXaHne BocnnaMeHeHwH rasa wnw H~@TH npw rason] 

EXO~HUHX B CWJIOBO~~ IIPNBOA. 

I(o~@@N~w~HT~I 

knA W RA 3aBHCRT OT TWna ABHraTeJIR H BHAa 

AcIIoJI~~~~Mo~~ 3HeprliH. Ecnw 3Ha'ieHHR knA li RA MeHbIIIe ~pe6ye- 

RBJIeHHRX B CKBaXWHe ABWraTeJIH fiOJIXHbl 6bI~b 060pyn0~aHbI 1 

KpOraCHTeJIRMH, II03BOJIRIOUUMN B OTAenbHbIX CJIygaHX pa6o~ 

npki @OHT~HH~IX IIpORBJIeHHRX B naHH0fi CKBaXkiHe HJIH B~JIw~N @( 

MbIX IIO yCJIOBkiHM 3KCnJIyaTaUHH IIpHBOnHOrO IlCnOJIHHTeJIbHOrO 

~aHlipyIOUefl CKBaXHHbI. CHJIOB~I~ IIpHBOAbI Ha ~YPOBMX B pal 

MeXaHlisMa, TO B K W H ~ M ~ T W ~ ~ UenN C K O AOJIXHbI ~ ~ 6bI~b npHMeHeHb1 

CpenCTBa ACKYCCTB~HHO~~ IIPNC~OCO~JIR~MOCTN, T. e. MeXAy ABHra- 

TeJIHMU H NCIIOJIHNTeJIbHbIM MeXaHN3MOM YCTaHaBJIHBaIOT IIpOMe- 

XYT09HbIe rHApaBJIUrIeCKNe HJIH 3JIeKTpOAUHaMUYeCKHe MY@TM 

CKOJIbWeHHR, TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP~I Ji KOPO~KW nepeMeHbI Hepenas. 

HaX C YMePeHHbIM KJIWMaTOM YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT B JIerKNX UWTOB 

noMeUeHwRx, KoTopbIe He yTennHIoT. B pafio~ax Ce~epa w Cw6~ 

3~~0fi npw HWBI

HNH) TeXHNKO-3KOHOMUrleCKNX IIoKa3a~eJIefi 6ype~NH Ha BCeX rJIy- 

6ki~ax. A~ura~enn AOJIXHbI JIerKO 3aIIYCKaTbCH, AOIIyCKaTb OCMOTP 

N 3aMeHY ~~ICTPOU~H~IIINB~I~UNXCII 

BeTaJIefi U C~OPOK; ABATaIO- 

UNeCR saCTu NX H~O~XOAUMO IIpeAOXpaHHTb OT IIOIIaAaHHR IIbIJIU, 

IIeCKa. B npOUeCCe HX pa6o~b1 HaAO 06ecnesu~a~b ~0p~aJIbHbIfi 

~enno~oii pexm npu KOJI~~~HHHX TeMnepaTypH HapyxHoro ~03- 

Ayxa B WUPOKUX npeaenax. 

npu ~b16ope MOUHOCTH IIpHBOAZi 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKU IIpeXAe 

Bcero cneAyeT onpeAenlrTb MOUHOCT~, H~O~XOAUM~IO AJIR npmona 

HaCOCOB Ncnn, a 3aTeM MOUHOCT~ AnR npuBoAa J I ~ ~ ~ A N K N poTopa 

C YseTOM TeXHOJIOrHseCKU H ~ O ~ X O ~ ~ H BapUaHTOB M ~ I X OAHOBpeMeH- 

H O 3KCIIJIyaTaUUH ~ 

3TUX MeXaHU3MOB. 

npu POTOPHOM 6ype~~u OnTHMaJIbHyIo MOUHOCTb HaCOCOB H WX 

napaMeTpM onpenencImT, ucxonR 113 MOUHOCTH npHBoAa Kaxnoro 

HaCOCa NAH H sNCJIa UCIIOJIb3YeMbIX HaCOCOB Z 

Ncn~= Nnn~. (IX. 1 ) 

Ha 6yp0~f.d~ YCTaHOBKaX, KaK npaBuJI0, YCTaHaBJIUBaIoT ABa Ha- 

Coca. B OTAeJIbHbIX CJIyqaHX B 3aBUCUMOCTU OT TeOJIOTHqeCKHXYC- 

JI0~ufi H rny6~~ CKBaXUH AOIIOJIHUTeJIbHO MOHTUPYIOT OAUH-ABa Ha- 

Coca C HHANBNAYaJIbHbIM IIPUBOAOM. 

np~ onpeAeneHm MOUHOCTN npuBoAa n e 6 e ~ cneAyeT ~ ~ wcxo- 

ANTb N3 CJIeAyIOUUX ~oJIoX~HU~~. n0~'beM KOJIOHHbI MaKCUMaJIbHOr0 

BeCa, Ha ~0~0pbIfi PaCCsUTaH IIpUBOA C TPeMR ABHraTeJIHMU, 

AonxeH 6b1Tb 06ecnese~ AB~MH ABaraTenmu Ha nep~oii c~opo- 

CTU. CJI~AOB~T~JI~HO, 

MOUHOCTb ABUTaTeJIR CUJIOBOrO IIpUBOAa JIe- 

~ ~ A K N 

Nnn = (2s- 1 ) NA, 

(IX.2) 

rAe Nnn - MOUHOCT~ Ha npHBOAHOM Bany ne6en~s; Tlcn - K. n. A. 

~pa~c~uccuii OT Bana AsuraTenR no npuBoAHoro sana ne6e.a~~. 

Ang npu6nu~e~~ofi OUeHKH B 3aBUCUMOCTH OT CJIOXHOCTH 

T~~HCMUCCH~~ IIPNHMMaeTCR qcn=O,6+0,75. AnR 6onee ~os~ofi 

OUeHKN K. n. A. 

~,=0,94+0,97 - K. n. A. UenHbIX UJIU KJIHHOpeMeHHbIX nepeaas; 

T ~ M - K. n. A. IIIUHHO-nHeBMaTUrleCKUX MY@T; Tl~n=O,85+0,95- 

K. n. A. KOPO~KU nepeMem nepeaarl. 

I AJIR ~~H~JIHX~HHOI'I 

OUeHKU MOUHOCTU CUJIOBOrO npUB0Aa 

(B KBT) MOrYT 6b1~b UCIIOJIb30BaHbI CpeAHUe IIOKa3aTeJIU y ~ e n b ~ o f i 

MOUHOCTU H BeCa 6ypUJIb~ofi KOJIOHHbI 

Ncn = GBKNY,~, (IX.4) 

me Gs, - BeC 6ypUJIb~ofi KOJIOHHbI, KH; NyA - y AenbHaH MOU- 

HOCT~ B KBT Ha 10 KH Beca KOJIOHHM. 

YA~JI~H~H MOUHOCTb Nyn Ha KPH)Ke AOJIXHa 6bI~b B npeAeJIaX 

4,1+5,5 KBT Ha 10 KH BeCa 6ypNJIb~ofi KOJIOHHbI. YfieJIb~aR rHApaBJIusecKaH 

MOUHOCTb H~COCHO~~ YCTaHOBKU Nyn., = 6+ 8 KBT Ha 

10 KH BeCa KOJIOHHbI. T~KHM 06pa30~, B BYPOBMX YCTaHOBKaX 

MOUHOCTb, ~ p e 6 y ~ ) ~ AJIH a ~ IIpHBOAa c ~ HaCOCOB, n0sTU BCerAa 

6onbrue MOUHOCTU, no~pe6n~e~oii JIe6e~Kofi. ~O~TOMY, eCJIU YCTa- 

HOBKa UMeeT 06~~fi rpyIIII0~0fi IIpUBOA, er0 HOMUHaJIbHaR MOU- 

HOCTb AOJIXHa OIIpeAeJIHTbCH no MOUHOCTU, ~pe6ymuefic~ HaCOCHO- 

My KOMnJIeKCy. 

n p N OUeHKe ~CT~HOBJI~HHO~~ MOUHOCTH npUBOAa H~O~XOAHMO 

YsHTbIBaTb TaKXe ~OnOJIHUTeJIbHyH) MOUHOCTb, KOTOPaH npN Bype- 

HUH 3aTparlUBaeTCH Ha IIOBOPOT HJIU IIOA'beM KOJIOHHbI Ha HeKOTOpyH) 

BbICOTY (TYP~UHHO~ 6ype~ue) nu60 BpaUeHkie POTOpa (POTOP- 

Hoe 6ype~~e). Torna o64a~ MOUHOCT~ npuBoAa (B KBT) 

Ncrr=Nn,+Np, (IX.5) 

. . 

IIpUMeHHIoT B TeX CJIysaHX, KOrAa B pafi0~e HeT AOCTaTOsHO MOUHO- 

FO UCTOsHHKa C H ~ ~ X ~ H U3JIeKTp03~eprNefi. H 

B IIpUBOAaX ~YPOBHX 

YCTaHOBOK B 3aBUCUMOCTU OT m y 6 u ~ b 1 6ype~UH IIpUMeHHIoTrpynnosbIe 

npuBoAbI: Ass - seTbIpe ABC pa3nus~oI'I MOUHOCTH (OT 

430 A0 785 KBT) C saCTOTaMN BpaUeHUH 1000-1600 O~/MUH. XapaKTepucTuKa 

~~ura~enefi npNseneHa B ~a6n. 

IX. I. 

~ P U M ~ H R ~ B M~ M ~ ~ P O B ~ YCTaHOBKaX I X ABC pa60~aH)T Ha THXenbIx 

Tonnusax unu rase. A~ura~enu, pa60~am~ue Ha nerKux Ton- 

JIUBaX ( 6 e ~ 3 U ~ UJIU e K ~ ~ O C H H ~ B ) , 6ype~uu He nPHMeHRIoTCR

napa~erpu ( 82-450 TK ( I lll8H 69H 

HOMUH~J~H~R MOW 

HOCT~, KBT 

qac~o~a apaqesns, 

O~/MUH 

qucno u pacnono- 

XeHHe UUJIHHfipOB 

j$ia~e~p uanw~npa, 

MM 

anw~a xofia nopm- 

HR, MM 

Pa6oswii o63e~ UH- 38,O 

nHHfipOB, n 

Cpea~ee S@@~KTHB- 0,84 

Hoe fiaeneaae, Mna 

Cpejl~~~ CKOPOCT~ 7,5 

nopman, M/C 

Macca cyxoro ABH- 1350 

raTena, Kr 

T~XHU~~CKH~ pe- 6000 

CYPC, q 

335 

1250 

12 V* 

150 

180 

625 

1600 

18We 

150 

180 

58,2 

0,84 

9,6 

2000 

21/21 [ 89H 21/21 I 

460 

1200 

6P* 

210 . 

210 

43,6 

4200 

BCJIeACTBUe UX H~~KOHOMU~HOCTU. COOTB~TCTBH~ ABC 3aAaHHbIhl 

yCJIOBURM pa6o~b1 OnpeAeJIReTCR UX BHeLUHefi X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ U CI! T H K O ~ 

K O H C T ~ ~ K U U ~ ~ . 

BHelrrHeZi unu ~ e x a ~ u s e c ~ oxapa~~epuc~u- i i 

KO 6 ABC Ha3bIBaeTCR U3MeHeHUe MOUHOCTU, KPYTRUerO MOMeHTit 

H YAeJIbHOrO PaCXOAa TOnJIUBa B 3aBUCHMOCTU OT qaCTOTb1 Bpa- 

UeHUR KOJIeHqaTOrO BaJIa. Anx BOCCTaHOBJIeHUR HapyLUeHHOrO PaB- 

HOBeCUR MeXAy MOMeHTOM COnPOTUBJIeHNR UCnOJIHUTeJIbHOrO MeXa' 

HH3Ma U KPyTRUUM MOMeHTOM ABUraTeJIR T ~ ~ ~ Y ~ B TO C~ R ~ ~ ~ C T B U ~ 

Cne4UaJIbHbIX perynRTOpOB Ha UCTOsHMK 3HeprUH, KOTOPbIe U3Me- 

HRIOT KonusecTBo noAaBaeMoro ropmsero u ~osnyxa. 

ABC MOrYT pa60~a~b npU U3MeHeHUU MaCCOBOrO COOTHOLUeHUR 

KOJIUseCTBa BO3AyXa U TOnJIUBa B CpaBHUTeAbHO He60JIbLUoM AUana- 

30~e - OT 15 : 1 ( 6 e ~ CMecb) ~ a ~ A0 11 : 1 (60ra~a~ C M ~ C ~ QTUM ) . 

U ~~'~RCHR~TCR TOT @~KT, 9TO KPYTR~U~ MOMeHT, pa3BUBae~bIR 

~TUMH AsuraTenRMu, nosTu nocToRHeH. Ecnu nonasa Tonnusa 

OrpaHuseHa H npHMeHReTCR 6 e n ~ a R CMeCb, TO saCTOTa BPaUeHUR 

yMeHbruaeTcR a ABuraTenb He pa3~u~ae~ non~oii MOUHOCTU. T~KYD 

XapaKTepUCTUKy Ha3bIBaIoT s a C T U s H 0 6. 

~ ~ U ~ M U C T O&i C ~ T ~ ~ N C ~ O C O ~ J I R ~ ABC M O COn- T ~ 

PeAeJIReTCR KOHCTPJ'KUU~~ CUCTeMbI nOABOAa TOnJIUBa U B03AyXa, 

a TaKXe AUHaMHseCKUM MOMeHTOM UHePL[UH BPaUaIOUUXCR 9ac~ek 

1,08 

8,4 

460 

1200 

8V 

21 0 

210 

58,l 

0,81 

8,4 

4600 

20 000 

81H 

26/26 

785 

1000 

8 V 

260 

260 

110,4 

0,81 

as? 

8000 

M - KPYTflWHfi MOMeHT: N - MOW- 

HOCTb; ge - ynenb~blft pacxon ronnn- 

sa; n - sacrora spaqeean KoneHua- 

Tor0 Baaa naerarens; I - HoMuHanb- 

Hue xapaKrepucrHKH, nonyqeunue BO 

BPeMfl SaBOACKHX CTeHnOBblX HCnblTa- 

Haflx; 2 H 3 - sacrnsnhle xapaKrepH- 

CTHKR nexrarenfl npa padore c 

YMeHbUeHHhlMH nona~eft TOIIJlHBa H 

~osnyxa npH nopuanbublx ycnos~flx 

(re~neparypa onpyxamqero ~osny- 

xa 20 "C, aruoc@epsoe naenerine 

0,l Mna, BnaXHOCTb Bosnyxa 70%) 

nopru~e~o6 

rpynnu. Y ~ ~ I C T ~ O X O A H ~ ~ X u r a ~ e n elrraTyHHo- j i 

nopruHesaR rpynna 06nerse~a, nosToMy OHU u M e m 66nb~~ym npueMUCTOCTb, 

seM TUXOXOAHbIe. C YBeJIUqeHUeM KO~@@HUH~HT~ CO~CT- 

B ~ H H O ~ ~ U C ~ O C O ~ J I ~ ~ MABUraTenR O C T H BO3paCTaeT ~ C T O ~ ~ ~ U B O C T 

ero pa6o~b1 npu nepeMeHHux pexuMax H ~ ~ P Y ~ KTO U , OCO~~HHD 

BaXHO AJIR flBUra~eJIe6, npUBOAHUUX B ABUXeHUe 6yposbre JIe- 

6en~u. 

Ha puc. IX.1 npuseAeHa BHerUHsisI xapaKTepucTuKa ~u3en~. 

6ZIH 21/21. 

~oriac~o 

HopMaM CUIA (AHM), Am non'beMHoro KoMnneKca 

PeKOMeHfiyeTCR UCnOJIb3OBaTb PeXUM, npU KOTOPOM HBC pa3BU- 

BaeT 80% HOMUH~JI~HO~ MOUHOCTU, AJIR npUBOAa HaCOCOB npkI AJIU- 

T ~ J I ~ Hpa60~e o ~ - 60°/0. Pa6o~a ABUraTeJlR npU M~KCUM~JI~HOB 

saCTOTe BPaUeHUR CBR3aHa C nOBbILUeHHhIM PaCXOAOM TOnJ'IUBa, npII 

TOM coKpauaeTcR pecypc AsuraTenR. 

K HeAOCTaTKaM HBC OTHOCUTCR HeB03MOXHOCTb UX 3anyCKa 

IIOA ~arpy3~06. ~ O ~ T O M HaAO Y YCTaHaBJIUBaTb B TPaHCMUCCURX 

@PUKUUOHH~I~ MY@T~I. K ~ o M TOrO, ~ MOUHOCTb ABUraTeJIR 3aBUCHT 

OT AaBJIeHUR, TeMnepaTypbI U BJIaXHOCTU OKpyXaIOUerO B03AyXa. 

~ ~ ~ K T U ~ npUHUMaIoT ~ C K U nOTepIo MOUHOCTU Ha 1 % npU YBeJIUse- 

HUH B~ICOT~I HaA ypoBaeM MOPR Ha 100 M u noTepm (UJIH ysenuse- 

H N ~ ) MOUHOCTU Ha 1 npU nOBbIIUeHHM (UnU CHUX~HUU) TeMnepaTypbr 

o~pyxamueii cpeAbI Ha KaxAMe 6 O C . 

ten nos as^ sHepruR, no~pe6nfie~aR OAHUM HBC Ha 6ypo~ux, 

COCTaBJIReT 40-60 M~x/Y npU K. II.A., PaBHOM 0,25-0,35 (B 3a- 

BUCUMOCTU OT KOHCT~~KUUU u COCTORHUR ~sura~em), 

pacXOn TOnJIUBa COCTaBJIReT 220-300 ~/(KBT.~). 

a saco~o6 

Hau6onee LUUPOKO PaCnpOCTpaHeHbI usen nu C HaAAyBOM, OAHI- 

KO He ~110606 HX Tun MOXHO UCnOJIb30BaTb B 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKe.

BBC nonxea 6b1~b npncnoco6~1e~ K pa6o~e Ha nepeMeHHHx pexu- 

Max N K fiJIki~eJIb~0fi pa6o~e Ha XOJIOCTOM XOAy. 

K ~ BNAHO K N3 PNC. IX.1, KPYTR~N~~ MOMeHT nBC N3MeHReTCR 

e Y~KNX npeaenax (-lo%), a sacToTa ~paue~u~- B ILIN~OKOM 

nNana3OHe ( - 1,3-1,8), n03TOMY B TRXeJIbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX 

AJIR npNBOAa J I ~ ~ ~ A IIpNMeHRIOT O K 

ABNraTeJIb CO CpeACTBaMN NC- 

KYCCTB~HHO~~ ~~NC~OCO~JIR~MOCTU C UeJIbIO TP~HC@OPM~UNN KaK MO- 

MeHTa, TaK N qaCTOTbI BpaUeHNR. nBC NCnOJIb3yeTCR HeIIOCpeA- 

CTBeHHO B IIpNBOAaX HaCOCOB, TOrAa ANaIIa3OH peryJIApOBaHAR no- 

AaYN R=nmax/nmin AOJIXeH 6bI~b MeHee 1,5. 

X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ nBC H C Tno H K fiNaIIa3OHy ~ 

PeryJIMpOBaHNR BnOJIHe 

COOTBeTCTByeT T ~ ~ ~ O B ~ H HnpeA'bRBJIReMbIM R M , 

K npNBOAy ~YPOBHX 

MeXaHN3MOB, Y KOTOPbIX YCJIOBNR pa60~b1 HenpepbIBHO MeHRIOTCR. 

T ~ KaK K flBC HeJIb3R 3anyCTNTb IIOA ~arpy3~0fi Pi OHN He cnoc06- 

WbI K 60JIbIUki~ IIeperpy3KaM npki IIOBbIILIeHNN HarPy30K Ha KPIOKe 

(na~e IIpN CpaBHNTeJIbHO K~~TKOB~~M~HH~IX), 

6ypNJIbuN~ BO Bpe- 

MR IIOA'beMa KOJIOHHbI 06~3a~ IIepeXOANTb Ha MeHbrUyIO CKOPOCTb. 

npki 3TOM YBeJINqNBaeTCR BpeMR IIOA'beMa ~py6 N He kiCnOJlb3yeTCR 

MOuHOCTb YCTaHOBKN. Mexa~nqec~oe CTyneHYaTOe N3MeHeHNe CKOp0c~efi 

IIOfi'beMa BbI3bIBaeT 3HaqNTeJIbHyIO IIOTepIO BpeMeHN Ha 

cno. A Benb KaxAym osepeAHyIo CBeqy MOXHO 6b1~10 6b1 nOAHki- 

MaTb N3 CKBaXNHbI CO CKOPOCTbIO, HeCKOJIbKO 6onbruefi CKOPOCTN 

nomeMa npe~b~~yueii csesu. 

Ha 6a3e ABC y Hac cosna~ pRn cunoBbIx arperaToB. Cnno~ofi 

arperaT CAT-4M COCTONT N3 ABNraTeJIR B2-450 TK, TYP~OTP~HC- 

4op~a~opa TTK1, paAuaTopa, paMbI, cToeK n Apyrax ~CTPO~~CTB. 

T ~ ~ ~ o T ~ ~ H c KpenNTCR @ o ~ M ~ K T@JI~HUY o ~ MaXOBNKa ABkiraTeJIR 

npn noMouu wnwnee. OH npe~~a3~a~e~ aBToMaTnsecKoro npeo6pa3o~a~u~ 

KPYTRuerO MOMeHTa N qaCTOTbI BpaueHNR B 3aBNCN- 

MOCTN OT HarPY3KN. n~Nra~eJIb BMeCTe C T~P~OT~~HC@OPM~TOPOM N 

paAHaTopoM YCTaHaBJINBaIOT Ha PaMy C 06~~3~0fi BCeX arperaTOB 

T ~ ~ ~ o I I ~ o B o AJIR ~ ~ MBOAbI, N TOIIJIUBa N CMa3KN. CNJIOBO~~ arperaT 

YCTaHaBJINBaIOT B CO~P~HHOM BNAe Ha BTOPYIO PaMy, KOTOpaR Kpe- 

IIMTCR K UeHTpaJIbHOMy 6no~y OCHOBaHNR ~YPOBO~~ npki MOHTaXe. 

Cuno~oii arperaT CA-10 nnu AnT-600 (puc. IX.2) npen~a3~aseH 

AJIR npnBona ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK, pa60~a10unx B pafio~ax 

C YMePeHHbIM KJINMaTOM. OH COCTONT N3 A~Nra~eJIefi 6qH 21/21 

2 C PaANaTOpOM 4 Ei B~IxJIoIIHo~~ ~py60R 3 N ApyrNX BCnOMOraTeJIb- 

HbIX y3JIOB, CNCTeMbI CMa3KN N OXJIaXAeHNSI, ~ y p 6 0 ~ p a ~ ~ @ o p ~ a T o p a 

TTK-745, CMOHTNpOBaHHbIX Ha 064efi X~CTKO~~ paMe 5. 

Ha 6a3e sewpex arperaToB CA-10 n uenHoro peaymopa, yc- 

TaHOBJIeHHbIX Ha o6weii X~CTKO~~ PaMe, C03AaH cNJIoBo~~ npNBOfi 

nnR ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK BY5000,QTY. Cano~ofi arperaT lA,4T-1000 

npeAHa3HaYeH AJIR rpyIInOBOr0 H HHAUBAAYaJIbHOrO npNBOAa 6ypo- 

Puc. IX.2. Cunosoii arperaT CA-10 

BbIX YCTaHOBOK, pa60~a10wnx B pafi0~ax YMePeHHOrO () KJIN- 

MaTa. OH COCTONT N3 ABNraTeJIR 8qH 26/26, TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOpa 

TTK-932, BOARHOrO N MaCJIRHOrO PaANaTOpOB N CNCTeM o6ecne- 

9eHNR. Bce 3T0 o6opy~o~a~ue MOHTNPYeTCH Ha X~CTKO~~ PaMe N CO- 

CTaBnReT arperaT. 

T~XHH~~CK~R xapaKTepncTnKa cnnoshor arperaToB 

T H arpera~a ~ . . . . . . CAT-4M CA-I0 lA,LI.T-1000 

06ua~ MOUHOCT~ arperaTa (no 

awenm), KBT . . . . . . . 335 460 785 

KOMn~eKCHhI~ TY~~OT~~HC~$OP- 

MaTOp . . . . . . . . . . TTY-1 TTK-715 TTY-932 

06ua~ MOUHOCT~ Ha BMxone arperaTa 

(np~ K. n. A. ~yp60~pa~cl$op~a~opa 

0,85), KBT . . . . 200 350 625 

qac~o~a apaueswsi sana ~yp60- 

Tpa~Cl$Op~aTOpa ( np~ non~ofi 

MOUHOCTN), O~/MAH . . . . . 1350 1200 880

lTPOXOAKN no 3aKOHYeHHbIM CKBaXUHaM B aHanOrUYHbIX YCJIOBHRX 

GKa3aJIaCb Ha 20-30% BbIMe IIO CpaBHeHNIo C AU3eJIbHbIM IIPUBO- 

JOM. Ynopoxa~ne B OCHOBHOM nponcxoAnT 3a cyeT 60nbrue1-o pacxoAa 

xnnKoro Tonnnsa. IIpn~e~e~ne npnpoAHoro rasa BMecTo 

HtnAKoro Tonnnsa BO~MOXHO B ~pafi~e orpaHnseHHbIx cnysaRx. 

HapRay C HeAOCTaTKaMH, K KOTOpbIM B IIepBYIO OYepeAb OTHO- 

CRTCR B~ICOK~I~~ PaCXOA TOnJIHBa H BbICOKaR CTOUMOCTb TYP~HH, 

TTY nMemT n ~ R npenMymecTB. 

A 

1. ~ ~ O C T O~ T C ~ T ~ O ~ ~ H CMeHbIIIaR T B ~ TpYAOeMKOCTb npu MaCCo- 

BOM IIpOki3BOACTBe, HeT BO3BpaTHO-IIOCTyIIaTeAbHOrO ABHXeHUR, 

a CneAOBaTeJIbHO, ki TpeHuR, n03TOMY YUCJIO CJIOXHbIX U TOYHbIX 

B ki3TOTOBJIeHUH ~e~anefi B 2-3 pa3a MeHbUe, YeM B nOpWHeBbIX 

no3~on~e~ ocymec~~n~~b 6b1c~pb1fi 3anyc~ npn TeMnepaTypax no 

-50 "C; 3T0 OYeHb BaXHO AJIR ~BUra~enefl npHB0Aa ~YPOBMX YCTa- 

HOBOK. 

3. Me~bLtIkie MaCCa Fi ra6apli~b1 npHBOAa IIO CpaBHeHHIO C IIRTN- 

AU3eJIbHbIM IIPHBOAOM, B CBR3N C YeM COKPawaeTCR MaCCa 6yp080fi 

YCTaHOBKH, YJIYYUlaIOTCR YCnOBUR ee MOHTaXa H IIOBbIUaeTCR TpaHC- 

IIo~T~~~JI~IIocT~. 

MOUHOCT~ ~yp6n~br U PaCXOA TOnJIHBa npOnOpUHOHaJIbHb1 YaC- 

ToTe BpaweHnR sana TYP~UHH. Pacxon Tonnnsa 6onee YeM 

s 2 pasa npeabrruaeT pacxon ero AnR ABC. O~~yna cneAyeT, YTO 

n0Ka HeT ra3OBblX TYP~BH, KOHKYP~HTOCIIOCO~HHX C AII3eJIbHbIM 

IIpkiBOAOM. no 3TUM nPUYNIlaM IIPOU3BOACTBO ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK 

C ~ ~ ~ O T Y P ~ U HIIPNBOAOM H ~ I M IIpeKpaUeHO. 

3 5.3JlEKTPOnPUBO,4 6YPOBbIX YCTAHOBOK 

B HaCTORuee BpeMR YHCJIO ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK C 3neKTpHYe- 

CKUM IIPUBOAOM B ~aUefi CTpaHe COCTaBJIReT 46-48% 06wero YHC- 

JIa YCTaHOBOK. ~JI~KT~oII~HBoA 

H ra3 - ca~b1fi YAO~H~I~~, A~LLI~B~I~~ H 6e30nac~bIfi. 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX, npejlHa3HaYeHHbIX AJIR pa60~b1 B 3JIeK- 

~ p n @ n s n p o ~ a ~ paiio~ax, ~ b ~ x B npnBoAax cHayana npnMeHRnn 

aCkiHXpOHHbIe 3neKTpoAsnraTenn nepeMeHHoro ~pexaas~oro ToKa 

€ (t)a3~bI~ HJIH KOpOTK03aMKHYTbIM POTOPOM, a 3aTeM U CUHXPOHme. 

3ne~~pon~~ra~en~ 

nocToRHHoro ToKa, 06na~a1owne runpo~n~ 

+QHana3OHOM PerynHpOBaHkiR, HCnOAb30BanH TOJIbKO B YCTaHOBKaX 

nnR 6ype~n~ CKBaXUH rny6n~ofi 6onee 6000 M. ~ H T ~ H3JIeKTpO- N ~ 

~Bnra~eJIe6 IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa OCYIIleCTBJIReTCR OT AH3enb-TeHePa- 

TOPHbIX C T ~ H ~ nOCTORHHOr0 H ~ 

TOKa. Ta~ne CTaHIlHH BeCbMa rp0- 

M03AKU n 3KOHOMUYeCKW qenecoo6pa3~b1 TOJIbKO IIpH 6ype~nn ray- 

CKBaXHH. 

60~nx 

244 

AJIR 6ype~uR CKBaXHH Ha ~ e @ ~ b 

Hano HMeTb B BUAY, YTO YeM 

xecTse XapaKTepucTnKa Asnra- 

TeJIR, TeM 6onee CJIOXHbIe TpaHC- 

~nccnu ~pe6ym~c~ AJIR ee npe- 

O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ H H R . 

N/M, 

z,o 

Pacc~o~pn~ MexaHnnecKne 1,s 

xapaKTepncTnKu 3neKTponsnraTe- 

~e6. Paannsalo~c~ Tpn BnAa pa6o- 

YHX eCTeCTBeHHbIX XaPaKTePUCTNK 1.0 

(pnc. IX.3): 

~ ~ C O ~ I ~ TXeCTKaR H O (JITINHHR 0,s 

1) - sacToTa ~ p a ~ npn e ~ ns~e- n ~ 

HeHkiH MOMeHTa IIOCTORHHa; ~a~0fi 

X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ H C T06nanam~ B K O ~ ~ CNH- 0 425 0.5 975,1,0n/n, 

XpoHHbIe 3neKTpoAsnraTenn; 

xecTKan (KP~B~R 2, - 

yBe- 

JIUYeHUeM MOMeHTa YaCTOTa Bpa- 

WeHUR YMeHbUIaeTCR Ha3HaYHTeAb- 

Puc. IX.3. BH~UIH~~R MexaHu.recKaR 

xapawrepncrnxa sne~rponsnrareneR 

HO; T ~ K O x ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ P ~ c06na~a1o~ T H K o ~ ~ aCkiHXpOHHbIe ABHraTeJIH 

IIepeMeHHOrO TOKa H ABHraTenH IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa He3aBNCUMOrO 

BO~~YXA~HHR; 

rn6~a~ (K~HB~H 3) -npU ~OJI~LLIOM N3MeHeHUH MOMeHTa 3Ha- 

YHTeJIbHO MeHReTCR YaCTOTa BpaUeHHR; ~a~0fi X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ H C T N K 

o6na~a10~ AsnraTenn nocToRHHoro ToKa nocneAoBaTenbHoro ~03- 

~YXA~HUR. 

IIpu AnnTenbHmx pexmax paGo~br sneKTponsnraTenn ncnonb- 

3YIOTCR B npeAeJIaX HOMNHaJIbHOrO KPYTRUerO MOMeHTa (TOYK~ A 

Fi A,); npti KPaTKOBPeMeHHbIX neperpy3KaX ABHraTeJIti MOrYT pas- 

BHBaTb 6onbrune MOMeHTbI (TOYK~ B). 

~ ~ C T OBpaUeHPiR T ~ 3neKTpOABHraTeJIR &i pa3~n~ae~bIfi UM MO- 

MeHT MOrYT U3MeHRTbCR A0 OIIpeAeJIeHHOrO ITpeAeJIa aBTOMaTHYe- 

CKU 6e3 BO~A~~~CTBUR K~KHX-aU60 BHeUHNX PeryJIRTOpOB. B 3TOM 

CJ'IyYae aBT0MaTHYeCKHM PeryJIRTOpOM RBJIReTCR npOTHBO3JIeKTpO- 

+QBUXYUaRCR CIiJIa CaMOrO ABNraTeJIR, KOTOPaR YBeJINYNBaeTCR 110 

Mepe B03PaCTaHHR HarPY3KU. Ta~ym XapaKTepHCTHKy Ha3bIBaIoT 

e C T e C T B e H H 0 fi. ECT~CTB~HH~I~ 

XapaKTepHCTkiKH 3JIeKTpOABnra- 

~enefi MOXHO U ~ M ~ H Rnpu T ~ n o ~ o ~ perynnpymwnx n 

YCTPO~~CTB, 

Ha KOTOPbIt? BO~A~~~CTBY~T OnepaTOp; TaKIie XapaKTepHCTNKPi Ha- 

3bIBaH)T HCKYCCTBeHHbIMH. 

AnR aCLiHXpOHHbIX 3ne~~po~Blira~eJlefi HOMNHaJIbHaR YaCTOTa 

BpaUeHnR n nuanaso~ ee perynuposaHnR onpenenRmTcR sennsn- 

HOG K. n. A., KOTOP~I~~ 3aBUCHT OT CKOJlbXeHUR

me nc =6Of/z - CNHXpOHHaR YaCTOTa BpaUeHkiR, O~/MHH; f - YaC- 

TOTa TOKa, AJIR IIpOMbILUJIeHHbIX ce~efi f=50 h; Z - YNCJIO nap 

IIOJIIOCOB; n, - HOMkiHaJIbHaR saCTOTa BpaUeHNR, O~/MUH. 

Ann npa~nnb~ofi 3KcnnyaTauuu nBnraTenR canoBoro npsBoAa 

BaXHO 3HaTb, KaK ~YAYT N3MeHRTbCR er0 OCHOBHbIe IIapaMeTpbI, 

T. e. KPYTRUN~~ MOMeHT M, YaCTOTa BpaUeHNR n N MOaHOCTb N, 

B 3aBNCNMOCTN OT HaTPY3KN U N3MeHeHHR HanpRXeHNR N YaCTOTbl 

ToKa B nw~amwefi cew. 3ne~~po~sura~ens, npuMeHReMue B 6ypo- 

BblX YCTaHOBKaX, P ~ ~ O T Ha ~ I OTKPbITOM ~ T BO3AyXe U 3aUUUeHbI OT 

nonaAaHuR rasa, snaru, nbInu u rpmn, a uHorAa, HanpnMep 

B MOPGKNX ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBKaX, T ~ ~ ~ Y ~ ~3pbI~06e30nac~oe 

T C R 

NCnonHeHne. 

ACHHXPOHH~I~ 3JIeKTpOABlIraTeJlN C (P~~H~IM POTOPOM YJIyYUIaIOT 

TOnbKO nyCKOBbIe XapaKTepNCTNKki ITpkiBOAa, HO He MOrYT pa60~a~b 

B IIPUBOAaX rnaBHbIX IlCIIOJIHNTeJIbHbIX MeXaHU3MOB ~YPOBHX YCTa- 

HOBOK 6e3 COOTBeTCTBYIOUNX CpeACTB NCK~CCTB~HHO~~ npucnoco6- 

JIReMOCTN B TpaHCMNCCURX. 

Eonbmofi HeAocTaToK CHHXPOHH~IX s n e ~ ~ p o ~ ~ t r r a ~ - e~ n ee~o3- i i 

MOXHOCT~ pa6o~b1 napannenbHo AB~X n~nra~enefi Ha OAAH Ban, TO 

He TOJIbKO CHNXaeT HaAeXHOCTb CNCTeMbI, HO N YBeJINYNBaeT AN- 

HaMUYeCKNe HarPY3KU B TpaHCMNCCHU, TaK KaK A U H ~ M N ~ ~ C MO- K H ~ ~ 

MeHT POTOpa OAHOrO ABUraTeJlR HaMHOrO 60nbme MOMeHTa ABYX 

~~NraTeJIefi T ~ K O Xe ~ CYMM~PHO~~ MOUHOCTN. I< HeAOCTaTKaM 3TUX 

~~UraTeJIefi TaKXe OTHOCIlTCR 60nb1110ii ~ N H ~ M E I Y ~ CMOMeHT K N ~ ~ PO- 

Topa, 9TO npki ~OCTORHHO~~ YaCTOTe BpaUeHNR BbI3bIBaeT AOITOJIHN- 

TeJIbHbIe flkiHaMU9eCKNe HarPY3KN B TpaHCMNCCNU H npN OTCyTCT- 

Bkiki aMOPTU3NPYIOUUX YnpyrNX YCTPO~~CTB B TPaHCMNCCNN CNnbHO 

CoKpaUaeT CPOK ee cnyx6b1. BoJIbIJJaR CNna IIyCKOBOrQ TOKa, Tpe- 

6y10aa~ M O ~ H ~ InpoMbrcnoBbIx X 

ce~eji AnR 06ecnese~n~ npmoro 

JIReTCR B UenRX BO~~YX~~~HNR, T. e. B UeITRX CpaBHkiTeJIbHO ~aJI0fi 

MOUHOCTH, YTO ynpo~ae~ ~YCKOBYIO annapaTypy u nosbrmaeT Ha- 

AeXHOCTb CNCTeMbI. 

X~P~KT~PNCTNKN A~Nra~eJIefi nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa 3aBNCRT OT CITOco6a 

~036yX~e~ki~. P~~JIU~~IOT 

TPU OCHOBHblX cnoc06a ~036yXAe- 

HUH: napannenbaoe, nocneAosaTenbHoe A KOM~UHNPOB~HHO~ 

IIyCKa, TaKXe RBJIReTCR HeAOCTaTKOM CNHXPOHHbIX ~~Nra~eJIefi. 

~ J I ~ K T ~ o A B I ~ ~ nOCTORHHOr0 ~ T ~ J I H TOKa 06nafiaIO~ ru6~oii XapaK- 

Ha PNC. 1X.5 nOKa3aH 3JIeKTpOABHraTeJIb IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa 

~epwc~u~ofi, 06ecnesn~a10~eii rny6o~oe N nnaBHoe perynspoBaase 

C BO3AYLUHbIM OXJlaXAeHHeM BeHTUJIRTOPOM (IIoA~Y~ BO3AyXa 65 

YaCTOTbI BpaUeHUR N KPyTRUerO MOMeHTa, IInaBHOCTb pa3rOHa %i 80 M~/MHH, TeMnepaTypa 40 OC). ~ N T ~ HABUraTeJIR H ~ OCyUeCTBnpN 

nyCKaX N TOPMOXeHNR npN OCTaHOBKaX. Bnaronap~ 3TNM CBOR- 

JlReTCR OT CeTN IIepeMeHHOrO TOKa Yepe3 TNPNCTOPHYIO CTaHuNIO 

CTBaM 3HaYUTenbHO ynpO4aIOTCR TPaHCMUCCIlN U YMeHbIIIaIOTCR AU- 

ynpasneHsR, HanpRxeHue naTaHnR 750 B. 

HaMUYeCKNe HarPY3KN B HNX. H~AOCT~TOK 3TUX ~~Nra~eJIefi- He- 

M3 rpa@U~a Ha PNC. 1X.4 BUAHO, YTO npN U3MeHeHNH rIaCTOT 

O~XOAHMOCT~ NMeTb BblnPRMUTeJIN IIeDeMeHHOrO TOKa IIpN IlHTaHkiU 

BpaUeHNR OT 2000 A0 800 O~/MUH B HenpepbIBHOM PeXkiMe KPYTR- 

NX OT nPOMbIIIIJIeHHbIX C~T& NJIH NMeTb Ha ~YPOBO~~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ ~ T o ~ H Y I O ' ~ N f MOMeHT i M N3MeHReTCR OT 3580 A0 1432 KH-M. 

CTaHUNIO IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa. 

~ P KPaTKOBPeMeHHbIX N 

neperpy3KaX KP~TRUINR MOMeHT ABNTa- 

Y~CTOTY BpaaeHIlR ~~Ilra~eJIefi IIOCTORHHOI'O TOKa PeryJIlrpyIOT 

TenR MOXeT 6b1~b B 2-3 pa3a 60nbIIIe MOMeHTa npki HeITpepbIBHOM 

U3MeHeHNeM HanPRXeHWR B RKOpe UJIH CNnbI TOKa BO~~YX~(A~HIIR 

AsliraTenn. noc~onb~y AnR H ~ M ~ H ~ H HanpRxeHuR U R 

Ha saxu~ax 

pexuMe. 

MOUHOCT~ 3JIeKTpOABNraTeJIR JlNMNTNpyeTCR CTeITeHbIO er0 Ha- 

RKOPR 3JIeKTPOABNTaTeJIR H~O~XOAUMO N3MeHRTb CNnY TOKa B03- 

~YXA~HNR, ynpaBneHne ABnraTeneM noc-rommoro ToKa OC~U~CTBrpeBa 

N 3aBNCHT OT AnUTeJIbHOCTN pa60~bl nOA H ~ ~ P Y ~ U KOCTI- O ~ 

(c~e- 

LU~HHO~). 

Ha pnc. IX.4 npmeneaa MexaHusecKaR xapaKTepncTuKa meK- 

TPOABNraTenR nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa C lIOCJleAOBaTeJIbHb1M ~036y)~Ae- 

HNeM.

HOBOK, n03TOMy OpNH N TOT Xe pBNraTeJb nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa B npN- 

BOAe J'Ie6ep~N MOXeT HarPYXaTbCR Ha 25°/0 60nb~e, seM B IIpNBOfie 

HaCOCOB N POTOpa npN nOnHOM TOKe BO~~YXA~HUR. npll HN3KNX 

oepyxamuux TeMnepaTypax nepnopbr HarpyxeHnR ysenusnsam- 

CR, a npu B~ICOKHX coKpauamTcR. 

Cxe~a nuTaHuR sne~~pop~nra~eneii nocTomHoro ToKa OT ce~efi 

IIePeMeHHOrO TOKa sepe3 TUpNCTOpHbIe CTaHUNN YnpaBneHNR IIOKa- 

3aHa Ha PNC. IX.6. B IIaCTORUee BpeMR OnbIT 3KCnJyaTaUNN TNPH- 

CTOPHHX CT~HUU~~ B YCJIOBNRX pa60~b1 B 3anon~pbe no~asan wx 

AOCTaTOgHYIO HaAeXCHOCTb N HeCJOXHOCTb O~CJIYXUB~HUR B np0- 

MblCJOBbIX YCJOBURX. MC~OJ~~YR CNCTeMY TNpNCTOPHbIX BbInPRMN- 

~eJIefi, MOXHO 3Ha9EiTenbHO IIpOIUe PeIIIaTb 3anasy IIpNMeHeHNR 

p~ura~eneii IIOCTORHHOrO TOKa, KOTOPbIe O ~ ~ C ~ I ~ ~ N6onee B ~ I Onp0- T 

CTYIO KOHCTPYKUNIO TP~HCMHCCN~~, qt?M npN 3JIeKTPOfiBNraTenRX 

1 

i 

PUC. IX.6. C X ~ M IIHTaHHR ~ 

sne~~ponaera~eneA IIOCTORH- 

Horo ToKa OT ce~ek nepehleexioro 

ToKa sepea ~wpwc~op- 

Hble CTaHUHH: 

m-' 

1 1 1 1 - KOHTaKTOP CeTH BblCOKOrO Hanpnxemn 

(6-xB); 2 - T ~~HC@OP- 

MaTOp 6 ~B/600 B: 3 - THPHCTOP- 

HMe cTaHgHH YnpaBneHHfl: 4 - 

nepeMeHHoro ToKa N HBC, pamT nysrune KasecTsa npmona, npwseM 

OTnaAaeT H~O~XO&HMOCT~ lTOAB03a TOnJINBa. 

B HaCTORUee BpeMR BbInyCKaIoTCR 3JIeKTp0,QBNraTeJIN IIOCTORH- 

HOrO TOKa HOMHH~J~HO~ MOUHOCTbH) 500, 750 I1 1000 KBT H TII- 

PNCTOPHbIe CTaHUNN ynpaBJIeHNR K HNM. 

yJIys~eHFie pa6orlnx Pi nyCKOBblX XapaKTepNCTNK, T. e. YBeJ'INseHNe 

fiNana3OHa PeryJIkipOBaHllR saCTOTbI BpaueHHR aCHHXPOHHbIX 

sne~~pop~ura~eneii nepeMeHHoro ToKa c ( P ~ ~ H ~ POTOPOM, I M npep- 

CTaBJIReT co608 CJIOXHyIO TeXHkiseCKyIO 3afiaqJ' A ~pe6ye~ BKnIOYe- 

HNFI B Kenb poTopa cnox~oii perynapymuefi annapaTypb1, ypopo- 

~ a I O u e 8 npABOfl Pi C H N X ~ I O er0 ~ ~ HaAeXHOCTb. ~ 

OT~~~CTB~HH 

u 3apy6em~a~ npaKTuKa s~cnnya~asnn sne~~pop~nra~enefi no- 

CTORHHOrO TOKa B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX nOKa3ana BbICOKYH) HaAeX- 

HOCTb N ~ ~ ~ O T K ~ ~ NX H pa60~b1. 

O C T ~ 

3 6. KOHCTPYKUJiH IlPHBOJl+OB BYPOBbIX YCTAHOBOK 

Byposue YCTaHOBKH CH~~X~WTCR rjlynnOBMMH npNBOAaMU, CO- 

CTORUNMN I13 AByX - nRTN arperaTOB, C~JOKN~OB~HH~JX MeXAy CO- 

608 U e n ~ 0 8 NnN KJAHO~~M~HHO~~ nepefiase8. B OCHOBHOM nPNHRTbI 

rise cxem pacnonoxeswn arperams s npwaope;

ABa - 'IeTbIpe arperaTa yCTaHOBneHb1 BMeCTe Ha o6uefi PaMe 

n npe~~a3~ase~br AnR npnBoAa ne6e~~n, poTopa, n~yx HacocoB R 

B C ~ O M O ~ ~ T ~ Jne6e~~n; I ~ H O ~ ~ no ~a~0fi CXeMe BbInOJIHeHbI YCTaHOBKlt 

AJIR 6ype~nrr CKBaXHH my6n~ofi 1600-5000 M; 

TPU arperaTa COeAHHeHbI BMeCTe, yCTaHOBJIeHb1 Ha 06uefi paMe n n p e ~ ~ a 3 ~ a q AnR e ~ b npnBoAa 1 ne6eA~n, poTopa n oAHoro 6ypo~oro 

Hacoca; OAHH-AB~ Apyrnx arperaTa ycTaHosneHM Ha npyroii 

paMe ki KkiHeMaTIlqeCKki He CBR3aHbI C nepBbIMN TPeMR, OHU npeA- 

Ha3HaseHbI AJIR npHBOAa BTOpOrO 6ypo~oro HaCOCa; no TaK0fi CXe- 

Me BbInOJIHeHbI npllBO&bI ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBOK EY3200EA H 

EY650Ar-IV. 

B ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBKaX B3ET B rpynnoBbIx CnnoBbIx npIlBOAaX 

nPIlMeHRIoTCR arperaTb1 CAT-4M. 

rpynn0~0fi clrJI0~0fi ~~3eJIb~b1fi npIlBOA 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKN 

EY25OOflTY (pnc. IX.7) coc~on~ n3 Tpex cnnoBbrx arperaToB 

CAT-4M 4, COeAHHReMbIX C UenHbIM CyMMIIPyIoI4HM PeAyKTOpOM 9, 

a qepe3 KapAaHHbIe BaJIbl 5, 6 ki MU500 - C H~COCHO~~ TPaHCMNCcnefi 

7 n KOPO~KO~~ nepeMewbl nepeAas (Ynn) 3. Llen~a~ CYMMIIpymUaH 

TpaHCMHCCHR npn nOMOI4n M Y ~ T ~ MU700 I COeAkiHReTCR 

c Ynn, KoTopaR nepefiae-r MOUHOCT~ oAHoro nnn AB~X arperaToB 

CAT-4M Ha 6ypo~ym fle6e.A~~ 2, a TaKxe po~opy 1. 

MOUHOCT~ HacocaM nepenaeTcrr OT CyMMnpyIouero peAyKTopa 9 

npn nOMOUH MY@T MU500 H KJIIlHOpeMeHHbIX nepenas CO UKHBOM 

nnaMeTpoM 500 MM. Yo~npeccop 8 n yerynmop nonasIi PnA 11 

COeAHHeHbI TPaHCMIlCCURMIl C CYMMkiPYIoUkiM PeAYKTOPOM 9. 

Kopo6~a nepeMeHbI nep€!Aas RBJIReTCR CaMOCTORTeJIbHbIM arpe- 

XaTOM, COeAUHeHHbIM C ne6eAK0fi 2 U CUJIOBbIM IIPIlBOAOM UenH0fi 

nepe~aqeii 10 c noMoubIo qenHoro Koneca, ycTaHosneHHoro Ha KOHconb~oii 

sacrn ee BenoMoro sana. 

B 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKe EY5000,QrY-1 npHMeHeH npIlBOA C qe- 

TbIPbMR CHJIOBbIMU arperaTaMH CA-10 C~JIOKUPOB~HH~IMN B CYMMM- 

PyloUeM PeAyKTOpe TpeXpRAHbIMki UeIIHbIMki DepeAasaMN. Ann 

~ A O ~ C TMOHTaXa B ~ BaJIbI ~BkiraTeJIefi COeAkiHeHbI C BaJIaMH CYMMNpyIoUer0 

PeAyKTOpa KaPAaHHbIMU BaJIaMU. Ha o6onx KOHUaX CyM- 

MHpyIoUerO PeAyKTOpa pa3MeUeHbI BaJIbI npHBOAa HaCOCOB, a Ha 

nepBoM sany-n UenHaR nepenasa npnBoAa ne6e~~n sepes Tpex- 

CTyneHqaTyIo UenHyIo Knn. ~PHBOA POTOPa OCYUeCTBJIReTCR Kap- 

AaHHbIM BaJIOM OT Knn. 

cnnosbIx npnBonoB c ABC npnBeneea 

Xapa~~epnc~n~a 

B ~a6n. 1x2. 

~ki3eJIb-3JIe~Tpkise~~Pifi ~BTOHOMH~I~~ npkiBOA COCTOHT N3 A113eJIb- 

P.eHepaTOpOB nepeMeHHOr0 HJIn nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa, BbInOnHeHHbIX 

B BnAe o~~enb~oii cTasunn, n sne~~po~snra~enefi nocToRHHoro 

TOKa, npkiBOARUFiX OCHOBHbIe HCnOJIHkiTeJIbHbIe MeXaHA3MbI 6 ~ ~ 0 - 

~0fi YCTaHOBKU. 

nepe~ew~b~fi ~pexaaa~b~fi TOK reHepaTopoB npe06pa3yeT~R 

B Bb1npR~JIe~~bIfi TOK TIlPIlCTOPHbIMIl CTaHUHRMN YnpaBJIeHNR, aHa- 

JIO~kitIHbIMN no YCTPO~~CTBY CTaHUNRM, nPIlMeHReMbIM npIl nIlTaHMM 

ane~~po~snra~enefi nocToRHHoro ToKa OT ce~efi ~pexaas~oro nepe- 

MeHHOrO TOKa. TOT BHA npkiBOAa 06ecnesnsae~ Ukipo~nfi flnana- 

SOH perynnpoBaHnR xapaKTepncTnKn ncnonHnTenbHbIx ~exa~na- 

MOB ki YJIyYIIIaeT HX MOHT~X~C~OCO~HOCT~. npn HaJlIlsHtI Al43enbsneKTpnqecKoro 

npnBona ynpouam~crr OcHoBaHnR n npnBbImeqHbIe 

coopyxeang. Ansenb-re~epa~opb~ nepe~e~a~o~c~ B co6pa~- 

HOM BHAe Ha OCHOBaHPiFi C YKPbITUeM. 

npki AH3eJIb-3JIeKTpHqeCKOM nPHBOAe Harpy3Ky MeXAy AH3eJIH- 

Mn MOXHO aBToMaTnsecKn nepepacnpeAennTb, Hanpasnm MOW- 

HOCT~ nm6o~y no~pe6n~en1o: ne6e~~e, po~opy nnn HacocaM, TO 

AaeT 3HaqkiTeJIbHYKl 3KOHOMUIo TOnJIUBa. ~oB~IIII~~TcR MOTOpeCypC 

BCJIeACTBkie 6onee P~BHOM~PHO~~ 3aTPY3KH 38 CseT 3a4PiTbI ~~3eJIefi 

QT pes~nx n3~e~e~nfi ~arpy30~. Kpo~e Toro, ynpouae~c~ ynpaaneHne 

npnBonoM n yc~awo~~ofi n 06ecnesnsae~crr 6onee 6e3onac~oe 

aeAeHne pa60T npn ra3onpo~~ne~n~x n (POHT~HUPOB~H~N CKBaxnH. 

~n3enb-3ne~~pnsec~nfi npnBon nMeeT 6onee sb~co~nfi 064nfi KO- 

3aan~ne~~ none3~0ro ~ e f i c ycTaHoBKn ~ ~ n ~ no cpaBHeHnIo c npnBo- 

AOM OT ABC.

I 

B COCTaB 060pyAo~a~uR 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKU C AU3eJIb-3JIeKTpUrlecKuM 

npaBoAoM BXOART nu3enb-re~epa~op~b1e ycTaHoBKu nepe- 

MeHHOrO TOKa; TNPUCTOPHbIe CTaHUUU IIepeMeHHOrO-IIOCTORHHOro 

TOKa; ABa 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIR HaCOCOB; 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIH n e 6 e ~ ~ ~ 

H po-ropa, perynmopa nonasu AB~X KoMnpeccopHMx c~a~uuB 

YC3-3M; pacnpenenu~enb~brfi IU~T u paMM ycTaHoBoK. 

llpea~yuec~~a 3~0ro npuBoAa sa~n~osa~o~c~ 

B TOM, TO OH ~e 

NMeeT rpOMO3AKOrO QeIIHOrO CyMMUpyIoIUerO PeAyKTOpa, YnpOUeHa 

ynn U ApyrUe QeIIHbIe TpaHCMUCCUU IIpUBOAa, a TaKXe HeT ~ano6- 

HOCTU B AononHmenbHoM nu3enb-re~epa~ope nepeMeHHoro ToKa Ann 

IIOAaski 3HeprUU ABUraTeJIRM BCIIOMOraTeJIbHMX MeXaHU3MOB U AJIR 

OCBeIUeHUR 6yp0~0fi. B CBR3U C 3TUM npUBOA IIlUpOKO PaCnpOCTPa- 

HeH B MOPCKNX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX, a B PRAe CJIysaeB U B YCTa- 

HOBKaX AJlR 6ype~uR CKBaXUH CpeAHUX my6u~. 

Bce arperam nu3enb-3ne~~pusec~oro npuBoAa ycTaHasnusaIoT 

B IIOMeIUeHNU, ~ax~blfi Ha 0T~eJIb~0fi @YHA~M~HTHO~~ PaMe. B 3TOM 

Xe n0MeIUeHUU HaXOARTCR KOMIIpeCCOpHbIe CTaHuUU, BeHTWJIRTOPbl 

AnR oxnaxAeHuR, pacnpe~ena~enb~brfi IU~T u KOHTPOJI~HO-u3~epu- 

TeJIbHble npa6opbr. 

1. ~ ~ H B O6yp0~0ir A YCTaHOBKH W er0 @YHK~WW. 

2. rpyIIII0~0fi H WHAHBWAY~J~H~IR IIPHBOAbl. 

3. Ka~we MeXaHH3Mbl ~YPOBOR YCTaHOBKH RBJRIOTCR OCHOBHHMH 110Tpe6HTe- 

JIRMH 3HeprHH B IlpOUeCCe IlpOBOAKH CKBaXHHbl. 

4. X~~~KT~~HCTHKU, 

OIlpeAeJRIOUHe IlpHrOAHOCTb CHJOBOrO IlpHBOAa. 

5. T~~~oB~HHR, 

IIpeArbRBnReMble K CHJOBHM IlpHBOAaM ~YPOBHX YCTBHOBOK. 

6. Onpe~ene~we MOUHOCTH ~~wra~enefi cwnoBoro npwBoAa 6ypo~oii ycra- 

HOBKW. 

7. ABH~~T~~H 

BHyTPeHHerO CrOpaHHR, IIpHMeHReMble B ~YPOBHX YCTBHOBKBX. 

8. ~J~KT~OII~HBOA 

~YPOBHX YCTaHOBOK er0 IIpeWMyUeCTBa H HeAOCTaTKH. 

9. KOHCTP~KUHR rpynnoBoro CHnoBoro npwaona. 

CHnOBbIX IlpkiBOAOB C ABC. 

10. X~~~KT~~HCTHKH 

rnABA X 

TPAHCMUCCUU BYPOBbIX YCTAHOBOK 

Q 1. 3JlEMEHTbI TPAHCMUCCUU 6YPOBbIX YCTAHOBOK 

B ~YPOBOM O~OP~AOB~HNU AJIR OCyUeCTBJIeHUR KUHeMaTUse- 

CKOW CBR3U MeXAy BaJIaMU B MeXaHU3MaX, U3MeHeHUR CKOPOCTU U 

HaIIpaBJIeHNR BpaIUeHUR, npeo6pa30~a~u~ KPYTRUUX MOMeHTOB UCnOJIb3yIoT 

QenHbIe, KJIUHOpeMeHHbIe U 3y6sa~~e nepenasli. B YCTa- 

BOBK~X Manoti MOIUHOCTU AnR reonoropa3~e~os~oro 6ype~u~ npu 

~e60nbIIlH~ MeXOCeBbIX PaCCTORHURX MeXAy BaJIaMU (A0 0,5 M) UC- 

nOJIb3yIoT IIOsTN BCerAa 3~6saTb1e IIepeAasU, a npU MeXOCeBbIX 

PaCCTORHURX 6onee 0,5 M - KJIUHOpeMeHHbIe.

B YCTaHOBKaX AJIR 3KCnJIyaTaUHOHHOrO 6ype~u~ AJI5l IIepefiaqH 

60nbIUPix M O ~ H O C T (500-2000 ~ ~ ~ KBT W 6onee) li MeXOCeBbIX PaC- 

CTORHMRX 6onee 1 M npWMeHRIOT MHOrOpRAHbIe LlenHbIe I.I KJIHHOpe- 

MeHHbIe nepenasw. 3 ~ 6 s a ~ b Inepenasu e ucnonbsy~~~ npu Mexoce- 

BbIX PaCCTORHIlRX MeHee IM - B PeAYKTOPaX HaCOCOB, PeBepCHB- 

HbIX YCTPO~~CTB~X Knn, IlpllBOAaX POTOPOB W AP. 

CYU~CTBY~T 6onbmoe pa3~006pa3kie nPAB0AHbIX LleIIeii, OBHaKO 

33 ~YPOBOM 

. 

O~OP~AOB~HUN B nepeAaaX UCnOnb3yIOT TOJIbKO MHOTO- 

PRAHbIe BTyJIOsHO-POJIHKOBbIe IIpHBOfiHbIe Uenki C IUarOM 25.4- 

,63,5 MM Pi YIICJIOM PRAOB OT OAHOrO A0 AeCRTki, HOpManbHbIe nP 

H npy yCIlneHHbIe nPT. B TpaHCMkiCCkiRX, 6no~upymuux ABC 

MOqHbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK, nPNMeHRIOT MHOrOPRAHbIe LlenHbIe 

nepeAass (sucno PRAOB no A~CRTII) c ruaroM uenu 31,75 w 38,l MM. 

UenLi C MeHbrUIlM UIarOM He UCnOnb3yIOT BCJIeACTBNe UX HeAOCTa- 

TOYHOG AOJIrOBeqHOCTIl N H~O~XOAIIMOCTII WMeTb 60nbmoe gUCnO PR- 

AOB. Uenn c ruaroM 38,l MM w MeHee n p m e H m T B nepeaaqax 

C 60nbIUU~ki YaCTOTaMH BpaqeHHR. 

B 6onee TMXOXOAH~IX u TRxeao HarpyxeHHbIx nepenaqax npw- 

MeHmoT qenu c maroM 63,5 MM u sWCnOM PRAOB no mecTu. Uenw 

C IUarOM A0 41,45 MM U3TOTOBJIRIOT C qNCnOM PRAOB A0 AeCRTN; 

B UenRX C ~OJI~UINM UIarOM VIlCJIO PRAOB COCTaBnReT YeTbIpe- 

IUeCTb. ~ ~ ~ H M Y ~ ~ 3THX C T B uenefi O - B03MOXHOCTb IIepeAaBaTb 

MOqHOCTb A0 3000 KBT npu hfeXoCeBbIX PaCCTORHIlRX A0 3 M 6e3 

HaTFlXHbIX ~CTPOWCTB, CKOJlbXeHUR M U3MeHeHIIR nepeAaTOqHOr0 

OTHOUIeHIIR. Macc~~b~e W ~~MOHTHO-~60~09~bIe XapaKTepIlCTHKW 

3~ux nepenas nysrue, seM 3y6sa~b1x. 

K HenOCTaTKaM UeIIHbIX nepenas OTHOCFITCR: HepaBHOMePHOCTb 

BpaqeHMR BeAyWerO N BeAOMOrO BaJIOB, 6kie~ue ~e~arpyXe~~0fi 

BeTBIl qenH, H~O~XOAHMOCT~ TOsHOI-0 MOHTaXa, IICKJIIO'iamqeTO ne- 

PeKOCbI N IIeIIapaJIJIeJIbHOCTb BaJIOB, H~O~XO~~HMOCT~ HHT~HCUBHO~ 

CMa3KII. 

Pacse~ uenHbIx nepenas BKnIosaeT cneAymuue sTanb1: npensapki~enb~b~fi 

~b160p UenW no W3BeCTHbIM PiCXOAHbIM AaHHbIM (npo- 

BepKa ee Ha BbIHOCJINBOCTb, N~HOCOCTO~~KOCT~ W CTaTUZIeCKYIo npOq- 

HOCT~); OnpeAeneHue reoMeTpusecKnx napaMeTpoB uen~oii nepenaski; 

~b160p cnoco6a Pi OnpefieJIeHlle UHTeHCHBHOCTW CMa3KII. 

M c x o ~ ~ b AaHHbIe ~ e AJIR PaCseTa LlenHbIX nepeAas: HOMNHaJb- 

HaR nepeAasaeMaR MO~HOCT~ N, ecnw oHa nocToRHHa, Hnu npe- 

AeJIbI ee U3MeHeHIIR OT Nmin A0 Nmax, nepeAaTOsHOe OTHOUeHUeU; 

npen~apu~enb~brii pas~ep MexoceBoro paccTosiHuR E; sacToTa 

BpaqeHwR BeAyqero sana n unu ero yrnosarr CKOPOCT~ o nu60 

npeAenb1 ux U ~ M ~ H ~ Hnpu W R pa6o~e nepeAasa B nepeMeHHoM CKO- 

POCTHOM pextcwMe. 

Put. X.1. rpa@&i~H 3aBuCHMOCTH qaCTOTbl 

Bpauerim ~anoir sse3~0s~w 2, sen~ok 

nepenasu: 

- OT urara qenn 1; 6 -or MOWHOCTH, nepe- 

Aasae~oti OAHHM PRAOM 9enn uraroM t=38,1 ~ T M 

Ann uenHbIx T~~HCMHCCH~~ pacsemym MOWHOCT~ N.,,, nepenasaeMyIo 

OAHUM ~RAOM uenn, onpeAensIIoT no 3ana~~ofi sacToTe 

BpaWeHNFI ~aJI0fi 3Be3n09KII 21 B 3aBUCIIMOCTli OT Illara UenH f 

N 411CJIa 3~6be~ ~an0fi 3Be3AOYKN. (pac. X.l,a nnli ~a6n.X.1). 

B npWBOAaX ~YPOB~IX HaCOCOB U POTOpa YaCTOTa BpaqeHHR COCTaB- 

JISIeT He 6onee 0,8r~~,,~, a B IIpIlBOAaX non'be~~ofi CkiCTeMbI-He 

6onee 0,9n1,~,. 

%~cJIo 3 ~ 6 b 21 e ~ B~I~HP~IOT M3 ITpkiBeAeHHbIX HliXe AaHHbIX: 

nepena~osuoe sucno u . . 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6 6 

Pe~o~e~nye~oe sucao 3y6beB 

Man02 3Be3AOsKli Zi . . 31-27 27-25 25-23 23-21 21-17 17-15

Ta6nrrua X.l 

'~~BHCHMOCT~ 

sncna sy6bee man09 seesnolr~n zi H luara qenn t 

.OT YaCTOTbl BpaUeHHR ~ano; 3BesAOsKH 

n p H M e s a H H e. B sncnnrene y~asaeo wcno sy6beB sses~os~~ z,, B ssa~e~arene 

mar Venn t, MM. 

3 ~ a ~ 

aoro Koneca z2. npu 3~asn~enb~b1x 

zl H nepeAaTosHoe sucno u, sb16epa1o~ sucno 3y6beBuennepeAaBaeMbIx 

MOUHOCTRX, 

YAapHbIX PI nyJlbCkipyIo~uX Harpy3KaX B 3Be3AOsKaX C @pe3epo- 

BaHHbIMU 3~6bRMEi (UI~POXOB~TOCT~ RzG25) li CKOPOCTA Uenn 

V> 10 M/C z2=50; npri V< 10 M/C z2=60; npli ~OCTORHHO~~ HarPY3xe 

n v0,0125 E; AJIR nepeAarI C y~epeHH0fi 

~arpy3~0fi 

H pa6o~am~uux B HOPManbHbIX YCJIOBURX UIar t= 

= ( 0,033 + 0,016) E; AJIR nepeAa'4 C IIOBbIUIeHHbIMA Ii IIePeMeHHbIMU 

nlarpy3~a~u t

Ae T H - HOPMaTNBHaR AOJIrOBerIHOCTb IIepeAarIlI npki pa6o~e 

IIOA 

~arpy3~0fi AJIR ~YPOB~~X YCTaHOBOK: Knacca 4-1 1 T,=2000 s, 

a Knacca 1-3 TH=3000~; n, H [n,] - KO~@@AUH~HT~I aanaca no 

BbIIIOCJIWBOCTA. 

qncno unKnoB ~arpyxe~~lii B 1 s 

Uen~b~e nepeaaw cnenyeT pa3~ewa~b B ~JIOTH~IX xecmnx KO- 

XjJXaX N HX H~O~XOAHMO CMa3bIBaTb. Banb1 N nOflUHnHNKI1 AOJIXHbI 

06eCnesNBaTb XeCTKOCTb, XOPOUIYtO UeHTPOBKY BaJIOB M MX COOC- 

HOCT~. C~a3~a HrpaeT mmosn-renbHym ponb npn sKcnnyaTaunn 

uenHbIx nepenarl. OH^ onpenenReT AonrosesHocTb uenefi H KCnnyaTauHoHHbIe 

sa~pa~~. Bb16pa~~a~ nnR npoe~~~pye~oii nepe- 

AaYH CUCTeM3 CMa3KH AOJIXHa 06eCne7ftiTb XNAKOCTHOe TpeHNe 

B lrrapHHpax 4en11, a TaKxe ee oxnaxAeHHe. Cnoco6 C M ~ ~ K M 

pamT B ~~BHCHMOCTH OT ycno~uii sKcnnyaTaunn. 

B~IBU- 

P ~ K o M ~ H cnocodb~ ~ ~ ~ MCMa3KH H ~ B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT CKOPOCTW qenn 

CKOPOCT~ D, M/C < ,l 1

I 

Puc. X.3. KAHHOBLI~ peMHn THna YB: 

a - cesenne pehlwn; 6 - ~Horopnnnb~fi peMetlb c 

nOKpblTUeM; W- IlIHPHHa no HefiTpaJb~0~~ 

cnom: To - BblCOTa; yo - paccToRwee hzexny Ha- 

PYMHblMH H Hefi~paPbHblil CPORMB; /! - YrOn 

I I / I / / . KnHH;I PeMHR; [, -finHHa IIO Heli~IlaJb~OMy 

, . ' 1 1 1 ' 

cnolo no& Hai-py3~0fi 

38-40545-79 (~a6n. X.2). SJIHHOB~I~ peMHN HOpMaJlbHOrO TRna 

NMeIOT OTHOUeHNe Ip/TD= 1,4, a y3KN.e Ip/To= 1,05+ 1,l. 

npki pa6o~e B KaHaBKe UKUBa KJINHoB~I~~ PeMeHb nporn6ae~c~ 

Pi H3-3a 3KCUeHTPNYHOTO npNJI0XeHUR CNn TPeHkiR Harpy3Ka no LUH- 

PNHe Hecyuero CJIOR (~op~a) pacnpeAenReTcR HepaBHoMepHo. 

B Y3KHX PeMHRX BCJIeACTBNe ~e~bruefi LLIUPMHbI nporw6 PeMHR He- 

~ H ~ Y M T ~ JN I ~arpy3~a 

~ H 

pacnpeAencIeTcR 6onee paBHoMepHo. BorHYTbIe 

~ O K O B ~ IIOBePXHOCTM I ~ 

Y3KOr0 PeMHR npN OTII~~HNN UIKUBa 

CTaHOBRTCR UJIOCKNMN, N KOHTaKTHaR HarPY3Ka MeXAy PeMHeM N 

K ~ H ~ B KPaCnpeAeJReTCR O ~ ~ 6onee PaBHOMepHO, npN 3TOM YMeHbLIIaeTCR 

N3HOC H YBeJlNqMBaeTCR PeCYpC PeMHR. 

KJINHOB~I~ PeMHN HOpMaJIbHOrO CeYeHNR AOnyCKaIoT CKOPOCTH 

A0 30 M/C, a Y3KNe-A0 50 M/C. Y ~ K PeMHN N ~ AOnyCKaIOT 6onbruae 

HaTRxeHuR N nepeAamT npu TOG xe nnouanw cerleawrl nosTu 

B 2 pa3a 66nbrune MOUIHOCTN. 

I(JINHoB~I~ PeMHN YYBCTBNTeJIbHbI K nOnanaHNIO Ha HNX MaCJIa, 

H@TM U COJIHerlHbIX JIyYefi. no 3TNM nPUYUHaM, a TaKXe U3 ~006- 

PaXeHNR ~~~OII~CHOCTP~ NX 3aKPbIBaIOT KOXYXaMN, NMeIOUNMN BeH- 

TNJIRUNIO AJIH OXJIaXAeHUR. 

MOUHOCTN, IIepe~aBae~ofi KJINHOBbIMH PeMHRMN HOP- 

P~CY~T 

MaJIbHbIX ceYe~Nfi, perJIaMeHTUpOBaH rOCT 1284.1-80, 

PeMHRMki - PTM 38-40545-79. 

a Y3KHMN 

Ta6awua X.2 

Pa3Mepb1 IIPHBOAHblX KJlHHOBhlX peM~eR (CM. PUC. X.3, a) 

Tun peueefi 

Obos~aseewe 

pe~eefi 

Pas~epbl 

I I 

ceseean, MM 

'I, IV To 1 YO 

nno- 

:gn,"- npenenb 

HHX HaH AnHHa 

n. 1.MM 

M M ~ 

Macca 

1 , 

nnwwbt 

m , ~ r 

E 42+10 50 

-0,8 

Y ~ K H ~ YE 14$o,7 17 

- 0,5 

(PTM 38-4054- YB +0,8 22 

79) 19-0,s 

8 8 I 

P a c r l e ~ ~ cxeMa a ~ ~nn~ope~e~~ofi 

nepeAazlu 

puc. X.4. 

OKPYXH~R CKOPOCTb PeMHR (B M/C) 

npnseAeHa Ha 

v =ndln1/60. (x.7) 

Yron GxsaTa Manoro ruKnsa (B rpa~ycax) 

AnR IIepeAaYN M O ~ H O C T MeHee ~ ~ ~ 200 KBT IIPNMeHRIOT PeMHM 

HopManbHoro cesesucl E, B a I' ann y s ~ ~ e 

YE, a AnR nepeAarlH 

6onb~~nx M O ~ H O C T ~ HOpMaJIbHOrO ~ ~ - 

CeYeHNR A H E NAN Jr3KIle 

YB. 30~b1 pa60~b1 pe~~efi nOKa3aHbI Ha pHC. X.5.

Tadnuua X.3 

H O M H H ~ ~ ~ H ~ R 

npn di=dz 

Twn peMsn 

MOqHOCTb 

(9 K~T), nepeAaBaeMaR OAHHM KJlHHOBbIM PeMHeM 

~ ~ O M ~ X Y T O Y3HaYeHNR H ~ I ~ HOMNH~JI~HO~~ MOUHOCTN N ~03@@N- 

LtHeHTOB OIIpeAeJIRIOTCR JINHefiHofi kiH~epnoJIR4Nefi. 

M~IIJNH~I M arperaTbI YCTaHOBKN P ~ ~ O T ~ B I IIpOUeCCe ~ T 6ype~n~ 

CKBaXHHbI IlpN pa3JIHqHbIX MOUHOCTRX H HarPY3KaX, n03TOMY YNC- 

no pe~~efi B nepeAaye onpeAenamT no ~ KBHB~JI~HTHO~~ 

Ha BeAyUeM Ban)': 

MOWHOCTN N, 

z = N,/NpCz, (X. 10) 

rAe Cz - KO~@@H~H~HT, ~ ~ N T ~ I B YNCJIO ~ I O ~ pe~Hefi N ~ ~ B KOMnJIeKTe 

(npn z=4+6 Cz=0,9, npn z>6 Cz=0,85). 

Han6onee paUnoHanbHoe yncno KnnHosbIx pe~~eii B o~~ofi nepe- 

AaYe A0 12, HO B PRAe CJIyqaeB IIPNMeHRIOT N 18-20, OAHaKO IIpN 

3TOM T P ~ ~ ~ ~ BeCbMa T C H TOqHaR KOMnJIeKTaqMR peMHefi IIO AJINHe. 

Ha AOJIrOBeYHOCTb pe~~efi 3HaqNTeJIbHO BJINReT NX CKOPOCTb. 

CKOPOCTN AJIR AnNTeJIbHO A ~ ~ ~ c T B ~ I O IIepeAaq ~ H X - 15-20 M/C, AnH 

K ~ ~ T K O B ~ ~ M pa6o~b1- ~ H H O ~ 20-25, ~ HO He 6onee 30 M/C. Am Y3KNX 

peM~efi CKoPoCTN MOXHO ~bI6Npa~b Ha 30-4O0/o 6onbrrre. Bb16lipaR 

CKOPOCTb pehlHR N 3HaR qaCTOTY BPaUeHNR ABNTaTeJIR, MOXHO On- 

PeAeJIIlTb P ~ C Y ~ T ANaMeTp H ~ I ~ MeHbLUerO IIJKHBa dl. 

B 3aAaHHbIX ra6apa~ax PeKOhleHAyeTCR IlPUMeHRTb dl B03MOX- 

HO 66nb~11~, TaK KaK IlpN 3TOM CHNXaIOTCR HanpRXeHNR n3r~6a 

B PeMHe, IlOBbIUIaIOTCR K. n. A. N peCypC pa6o~h1 P~MH~G, YMeHbUIaeTcR 

oepyxaoe HanpRxeme. 

(X. 1 I) 

rAe ul2=nl/n2p - IlepeAaTOYHOe OTHOUeHHe TPaHCMNCCNN, P= 

= 0,98 + 0,99 - KO~@@H~N~HT CKOJIbXeHNR pe~~efi ( C K O ~ ~ X ~ H M ~ 

1-2 %), 3aBN~RuNfi OT HX HaTRXeHNR. 

npensapn~enb~oe MexoceBoe paccToRHne 

Eo= (d2+3d1)/2. (X. 12) 

Mexoce~oe PaCCTORHIle Eo MOXHO ~b16HpaTb no BeJIMqNHe OTHO- 

LUeHNR Eo K ANaMeTPY 60nb~10ro LUKNBa d2 B 3aBNCIIMOCTN OT nepe- 

AaTOqHOrO OTHOllleHNR: 

(X. 13) 

I P ~ c ~ ~ T H AnllHy ~ I O PeMHcI OKPYrARIoT A0 6n~xaiimefi CTaHAapT- 

HOG AJINHbI no rOCT 1284.1-80 Einn PTM 38-40545-79. 

B IIepeAaYaX ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBOK HaTRXHbIe POJINKN He IIpHMe- 

HRIOT. AJIR HaTRXeHNR pe~~efi N NX CMeHbI npeAyCMaTPHBaIOT Ha- 

TRxHbIe yc~pofic~~a, 06ecne~n~a10~ne yBenuqeHNe MexoceBoro 

I. aCCTORHNH A0 6 '10. CNJIY HaTRXeHMR I

(X. 15) 

YcNJiNR AJIH KOHTPOJiR HaTHXeHNR (B H) OnPeAeJiRIOT no @0p- 

MyJIaM: 

AJiR OAHOrO HOBOrO PeMHR 

Q= (1,4+Cc)/16; (X. 16) 

Cese~kie pehlHR . . r A E Y6 YB 

C,, H . . . . . 320 470 780 60 150 

(X. 17) 

rAe No,- H ~ P ~ ~ OPeMHR, T K ~ UNKJI (OANH UNKJI COOTBeTCTBYeT OH- 

HUMY npo6ery ~ ~ M H R ) . 

YAJINH~HN~ pelll~efi He AOJIXHO IIpeBbIIUaTb 2,S0/o. 

Cpen~uii pecypc pe~~eii B ~ K C ~ J I ~ ~ T A~ m U Ncpemero N pexuMa 

pa6o.r~ (Tcp) IlpNHNMaeTCR 2000 s, IIpN ApyrIlX PeXNMaX pa60~bI 

cpen~~ii pecypc onpenenReTcR no @op~yne 

Tcp.p= Tcpklk~, (X. 18) 

rAe kl - KO~@@NUN~HT PeXNMa pa60~b1 (AJH TRXeJiOrO PeXNMa 

k1 =0,5, AJiR OzIeHb TRXeJiOrO k1 =0,25) ; k2 - KO~@@N&H~HT, y9NTbI- 

~aIOwNfi KJINMaTN9eCKNe j'CJiOBNH 3KCIIJiYaTaUNN (AJiR pafi0~0~ C 

XOJiOAHbIM N O9eHb XOJiOAHbIM KJiNMaTOM k2= 0,75, AJiR QeHTpaJIb- 

HbIX ki ApYrNX 30H k2= I). 

AJiH cuenneHm N pac&enneHm TP~HCMNCCI~~~ 6ypo~b1x ycFraao- 

BOK IIpNMeHRIOT TOJIbKO CneUNaJibHO C03AaHHbIe CYXNe @PNK&HOH- 

HbIe MY@TM. C&enJieHNR HenOAB!1XHbIX 3JIeMeHTOB TPaHCMkiC- 

CNfi IIepeA IIyCKOM NJiN AJIR BbIKJiIOzIeHI1R IIOCJie OCTaHOBKN HCnOJib- 

3YIOT B OCHOBHOM 3y6sa~b1e N KyJiazIKOBbIe MY@T~I CUenJieHUR, B 

KarIeCTBe COeANHNTeJIbHbIX MY@T - CTaHAaPTHbIe XeCTKNe HJIN ynpyrNe 

MY@TM, IIpNMeHReMbIe B o6ue~ MaIUNHOCTPOeHNN, N KapAaH- 

HbIe BaJIbI.

CHMXaIOT AWHaMNrIeCKNe HaTPY3KH. MY@T~MH 3TOT0 THAa COenU- 

HRIOT BaJIbI C UeJIbIO KOMIIeHCaUMN H~TO~IHOCT~~~ MOHTaXa. 3TU 

MY@T~I XOPOLUO pa60TaIOT n p TeMnepaType ~ 

oepyxamwefi cpenbI 

CT -30 AO +50°C. npw TeMnepaTypax Hwxe -30 u mure 

50 "C pa60~ocnoco6~oc~b kix CHMXaeTCSI. 

Ha pac. X.8 no~asa~a KOHCTP~KKUR 9 U J I u ~ ~ p ~ s e c ~ 06x11~- 

o f i 

IIOR IIIUHHO-IIH~BM~TU~~CKO~~ MY@T~I, C O ~ A U H R I O ABa ~ ~ ~ BaJIa. ~ ~ P N 

PeXUMaX C 60nbIIlki~ sUCn0M BKJIIOY~HU~~ BbIAeJIReTCR MHOTO TeIIJIa 

N IIaTpeBaIOTCR KOJIOAKA, HeIIOCPeACTBeHHO IIpNKpeIIJIeHHbIe K 6an- 

JIOHy, zIT0 CHAXaeT CPOK eT0 cnyx6b1. B ~a6n. X.4 IIpIlBeAeHbI 

OCHOBHbIe XapaKTePUCTIlKU PRAa UUJIUHAPWzIeCKNX LUUHHO-IIHeBMa- 

TMseCKUX MY@T TUIIa M u nO OCT 26-02-334-78. 

,QnR o n e p a ~ U ~ ~ pa60~b1 

0 f i C 60nbruofi ~I~CTOTO~~ BKJIIOzIeHUSI 

UfiOTAa npLiMeHRIOT UHJIUHApUzIeCKUe IIHeBMOKaMepHbIe O~XIIMHH~ 

UJH OCeBbIe nACKOBbIe MY@TH C BO3AYLUHbIM OXnaXAeHUeM. 

B OCHOBY pacseTa @PUKUUOHHHX MY@T CuenneHuR CneAyeT 

6paTb He ~efi~TByIO~kifi MOMeHT, a IIpe~eJIb~bIfi MOMeHT TpeHMR 

M,=sMM, (X. 19) 

me M, U M-pa~zIeT~hIfi IIpe~eJIb~hIfi MOMeHT TpeHUR U ~aU60nb- 

UJHfi KPYTR~M~~ MOMeHT, KH-M; SM--K03@@~IlUe~~ 3aIIaCa IIO MO- 

llpenenh~h~fi npe~enh- 

T ~ ~ KPYT~UWR ~ - MO- nan ~ ~ C T O - 

pa3Mep H~HT npw ~a apawe- 

100 O~/MWH. HWR, 

KH.M 06/MWH 

MeHTY, Y ~ N T ~ I B ~ I O WXapaKTepNCTHKy N ~ ~ 

MY@TM N IIPMBOAMMO~~ 

hlallIUHbI (IIPwHUM~~TCR SRI=2%4). 

'-I~M 6onbrue Pa3HOCTb MeXAy IIpeAeJIbHbIM MOMeHTOM TpeHMR 

Li KPYTRIJJMM MOMeHTOM, TeM KOPOYe IIepUOA YCKOPeHNSI IIpU 

BKJIIQYeHNN, TeM Pe3zIe pa3TOH Pi MeHbIIIe IIOTepb Ha TpeHUe. 

COOTHO~U~HMR MeXAy pa3MepaMbi MY@T~I U IIpeAeJIbHhIM MO- 

MeHTOM TpeHNR MOTYT 6b1~b OIIpeAefieHbI Pi3 CJIeLlyWI4PiX 3aBUCHMO- 

crrei. 

Ann uUJIUHApUzIeCKAX O~XMMH~IX MY@T IIpe~eJIbHhIfi MOMeHT 

TPeHWSI 

r - 

PDU 

= (P-P) - [ (p-PO) F-m~~/r,~glO-~] @E ,- (X.20) 

2 

rAe P-pan~anb~a~ cana Ha o6one ruema, BO~HUK~IQU~R 

npYM 

AZiBJIeHKM BO3AYXa B Banno~e, KH; Pq - U ~IITPO~~W

PUC. X.9. Kapna~~blfi Ban: 

I - yIIJIOTHeHHe; 2 - 060Rhla C HrOnbqaTbIM IIOAIlIHIIHHKOM; 3 - KPeCTOBHHa; 4 - KPbIUIKB; 

5 - BHnKa; 6 - 603~; 7 - 6anancnp; 8 - UnHqeBaa hlya~a; 9 - rail~a; I0 - mnwqeeoR Ban 

Tnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . nerxue T~xenne 

Ma~~NMaJlb~afl saCTOTa BpaUeHUfl, O~/MUH 1600 1140 1140 750 

Ma~cn~anb~blfi nepenasae~nfi KPYTRUNH 

MOMeHT, MH.M . . . . . . . . . . 370 1,40 1,404 1,404 

Qnn~a, MM . . . . . . . . . . . 720 890 1195 2225,5 

Macca, Kr . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 165 190 261,8 

no 

n p R M e p X.1. Hafi~a napaneTpbr Hacoca Ann CM~BKW qen~ofi nepenasw 

~yMM~py~oruefi TpaHCMHCCNU YCTaHOBKU sY25ooArY. A~HO: YWCnO 3~6be~ Be- 

~yueir seesnos~n z1=31; mar qenu t=31,75 MM n sucno p ~ n uenH o ~ a=3. qa- 

CTOTa BpaUeHNR npn nJI11TeJlb~ofi pa6o~e nl=600 0 6 1 ~ ~ ~ . 

I Peme~ae. 

Bbls~cn~eM CKOPOCT~ uenn no @op~yne (X.1) 

1 

u = ~~tn,/6O = 31 31,75. 

600/60 = 10 M/C. 

H~YOAHM cnoco6 cMa3Ku - HenpepblBHa~ nOnasa non AaeJIeHUeM. Tpe6ye- 

MYW IloAasy MacnRHoro Hacoca onpenenfleu a3 rpa@nna aa pnc. X.2. Ana 

TP~XPR,?~HO~~ 

UenN Q=Qla=0,25.3=0,75 M3/MnH, HJIH 0,0125 M3/c. Aasne~ne, 

c ~0~0pblh.1 Macno nonaeTcR Ha newxyqnecn qenn, 3a~lrCHT OT KOHCTPYKUUH 

I CUCTeMbl CMa3KN U 06blY~0 p=0,2-0,3 Mna, TOrna MOUHOCTb nPRBOAa HaCOCa 

N = Qp/q = 0,0125.0,3 106/0,75 = 5000 BT N ~ 5 H KBT, 

IIPkIMeHRIOT CQenHbIe MY@TH, a AJlr IIOCTORHHOrO COeJIiHeXPlR - HenOABUXHble 

MY@TM UnkI KapAaHHbIe BaJlbI, AOIIyCKaIOuUe IIepeKOCbI 

UJIU CMeueHUR BaJIOB. 

B KaqeCTBe HeIIOABUXHbIX COeAUHUTeJIbHblX MY@T ~au6onee Ya- 

CTO IIPUMeHlrIOT YIIPYrUe MJ'@TH C 3JIaCTU9HbIMU 3JIeMeHTaMU, CMRr- 

I 

me q = 0,75 - K. n A. Hacoca nnR nonauw Macna. 

n p U M ep X.2. n0~06pa~b sucno KJINHOBblX pew~efi AnR IlpUBOAa 6ypoBOr0 

Hacoca HBT-600. Mseec~no: MOUHOCTb 3neKTpOnBUraTenR nOCTORHHOr0 TOKa N= 

=600 KBT; UaCTOTa BpaUeHHR nl=9010 O~/MIIH; AUaMeTp BeAyUerO IIIKHBa 

dl =0,5 M, nepenaTouHoe uucno ~ nw~ope~e~~oii nepenasa u12=2,24, 

Peme~we. 

Haxonn~ pacsemne reoneTpasecKwe pasnepbr nepenasn. 

Aaa~e~p 6onbmero mKnea w3 @OPMYJIU X.ll 

qaIO4We yAapb1 U CHUXaIOuUe AUHaMUqeCKUe AarPY3KU, UJIU 

d, =dl[;,, = 0,5.2,24 = 1,12 M. 

XeCTKUe 3y6sa~ble MY@TM W KpeCTOBO-WapHUpHMe MY@TM - KaP- 

I 

AaHHble BaJIbI. ~ ~ C T K U MC4eIIHbIMU N 

MY@T~MN RBJIRIOTCR 3~6~a~ble 

H KYJIaqKOBbIe. 

~ ~ C T K3y6ra~b~e U ~ YY@T~L UCIIOJlb3YIOT IIPU PeAKO pas6~pae- 

MblX COeAUHeHUHX, TaK KaK OHM KOMneHCUPYIOT ~e60nbUIue IIepeKO- 

CM, HenapannenbHocTb BanoB AonycKaeTcR 1-1,5 MM, a yron 

MeXAy OCRMN 1-1 ,so. ~ T YIlPYrUe N 

MY@TH TOJIbKO HeCKOJIbKO 

CMRrqaIOT TOJIqKU W YAaPbl U He PaCCqWTaHbI Ha IIOmOueHUe 3Ha- 

Mexoceeoe paCCTORHHe ~b16Hpaelf 113 COOTHOllIeHHR 

E,=d,e= 1,12.1,2= 1,35 h ~ , 

rAe e= 1,2, npa uL2=2 (a3 BbIpaXeHUfl X.12). 

Yron oxsaTa Manor0 mKwsa no YpaBHeHNlo (X.8) 

qU~eJIb~0fi ~oJIe6a~eJIb~ofi 3HeprUU. MY@TH C MOLqHbIMU YIIPYrWMU 

3neMeHTaMH IIpUMeHRIOT AJIR 3aWHTbI TPaHCMUCCUU OT ~one6ah'ufi, 

BM3BaHHbIX KPNBOUIUnHO-UIaTYHHbIMU UJIU IIOJI3YHHO-WaTY- 

HbIMU MeXaHU3MaMU ABC UJIU IIOpWHeBbIX HaCOCOB U Ap. 

Kapda~nble sanbl (puc. X.9) pasnus~blx pa3~epo~ UIUPOKO 

(I, I2 - 0,5)2 

=2.1,35 f- 1,57(0,5f- 1,12) i =5,38 M, 

4.1,35 

IIpUMeHRIOT B ~YPOBMX YCTaHOBKaX AJIR COeAUHeHUR BaJIOB MaUIUH, 

TpaHCnOpTUpyeMbIX pa3AeJIbHbIMU ~JIOK~MA IIpW IIePeMeUeHWU 

YCTaHOBKU Ha HOBYH) TOqKY 6ype~u~. ~ T BanM N AOIIYCKaIOT 60nb- 

IDUe IIepeKOCH U HeIIaPaJIJIeJIbHOCTb, YTO n03BOJIReT 3HaYUTeJIbHO 

YCKopUTb MOHTaX ~YPOBOW YCTaHOBKU. Banu 3TU ~pe6y10~ XOpOmeR 

~ ~ ~ ~ H C H ~ OUHase B K U , B03HUKaIOT 60~1bwue ~ U ~ H UU R ~u6pa- 

4uu. 

me No HaXOAllM M3 Ta6n. X.3 MeTOnOM HHTepnOnflqUU AJIR nl=900 O~/MUH, 

No=45,9 KBT; KO~@~$NUU~HT~I: Ca=0,94 AJIR yrna OXBaTa 154"; CI= 1,03 npU 

AJlHHe PeMHR Lp=6 M, Cp= 1,3 AJlR 6yp0~0r0 HaCOCa npU pa6o~e MeHee 16 q 

Texnusec~a~ xapawTepncTnwa xapnannux Banon 

1 B CYTKH. 

Np= 45,9 0,94.1,03/1,3 =34,2 KBT. 

~ K B ~ ~ B ~ J I ~ H T H ~ R 

MOUHOCTb IIepeAasU 

N, = Nk, = 600.0,6 = 360 KBT,

ZIucno pe~~eii B nepenase u3 BblpaxeHriR (X.110) 

Z= N,IN,C, = 360/34,2.0,85 = l2,3. 

npn~n~ae~ z= 12 pe~weii. 

K. n.n. ~nu~ope~e~~oii nepenasn onpenenReM no rpa@uey Ha puc. X.6. OT- 

HOIJIeHNe AuaMeTpa BeAyuero IIIKwBa K BblCOTe PeMHR dl/T0=500/l8=27 

U ~12=2,24, TOrAa q=0,96, qT0 MOXeT 6blTb 06ecneqeso IIpH XOpOUebl MOHTaXe 

U HaTRXeHMU pe~~efi. 

n p A M e p X.3: Onpenena~b sanac KpyTRuero MoMeHTa cn~oe~~oii uanrra- 

~p~qec~ofi O ~ X N M H O ~y@~bl 

~ ~ MLU500 IlpHBOfiHOrO sana Hacoca MET-601) YCTa- 

HOBKU EY2500AI3' npU YaCTOTe BpalUeHUH nl=900 O~/MUH M MOLUHOCTII HaCOCa 

N=600 KBT; m=12 Kr-MaCCa KOJIOAOK U qaCTH pe3AHOBOrO 6anno~a; 

r,=0,27 M -pa,4UyC UeHTpa THXeCTA KOJIOAOK U 6anno~a. 

Peme~ue. 

Haxonu~ 

~py~~qwir MoMeHT, KOTOPU~~ AonxHa nepenaaaTb MY@T~, 

M= N3Olnn =600.30/3,14.900= 6,4 KH.M. 

MOM~HT TpeHUR, nepena~ae~blfi OAHOA MY@TO~, A3 @~p~yJIbl (X.20) 

M, = [ (P -- PO)F - 

me o=nn/30=3,14.900/30=95 pan./c. 

M3 npuMepa X.3 u~B~cTHO, sTo npu AaBneHuu p=0,7 Mna u n=900 O~/MUH 

MY@T~ MLU5OD nepeflaeT K~~TR~UWR MOMeHT MT= 12,45 KH.M, TOrAa npU AaBne- 

HAW p2=0,6 Mna MY@T~ 6 y ~ nepenaBaTb e ~ MOMeHT 

KaxiAoM asuraTene; MOWHOCT~ AsuraTena N=320 KBT, n=985 O~/MMH. Onpe- 

AeJlUTb KO~@@HUU~HT 3anaCa M~@TH. 

Peme~ue. 

Bb:qacnae~ ~py~rrq~fi MoMeHT, nepenasae~b~ii MY@TOR: 

rire o=xn/30=3,14.985/30= 103 pan/c. 

YYUT~IB~R, 

IlaXOflUM ~ ~ C K O BMOMeHT: O ~ ~ 

M, = kM = 1,5.3,1 = 4,65 KH.M 

YTO KPaTHOCTb IlyCKOBOrO MOMeHTa 3JIeKTpoABUra~enefi k= 1,5, 

Onpenen~e~ KO~@@AUA~HT aanaca MY@T~I MLU500, ecnu npw nasneHnlr B03- 

AYXa p=0,6 Mna MoMeHT, nepena~ae~b~k ~y@~oii MT=9,5 KH.M 

S = MT/Mn= 9,5/4,65=2,04. 

3anac MoMeHTa s,>2, cnenosaTenbHo, npueMneuo. 

n p u M e p X.6. Onpenenu~h aanac KpyTaqero MoMeHTa MY@T~I MU7010 

npu cnenyrolunx UCXOAHbIX AaHHblX: n= 555 O~/MHH; N= 800 KBT; KPYTRUIU~~ 

MOMeHT M=13,76 KH.M; p=0,6 Mna; Dw=0,7 M; B=0,2 M; p=0,325; m= 

=37 Kr. 

Peme~ue. 

C ~ M M ~ PaAUanbHaR ~ H ~ R cuna Ha 6apa6a~e 

P = nD,Bp = 3,14.0,7.0,2.0,6.10" 264. lo3 H unu 264 KH. 

UeHTp06eXHaR cuna, OTXAMaIOUIaR KOnOAKH OT 6apa6a~a 

P,,= 0,001118~37~0,365~5552~9,81 = 45 KH, 

TOrAa 

Pp=P-Pu=264-45=219~H. 

omyna KO~@@II~A~HT sanaca MY@T~I MU700 s,=MT/M=24,85/13,76w 1,8, YTO 

Hnme ~pebye~oi-o [CM. @opMyJIy (X.19)]. 

I

6: 

K nededxc '4" 

1 nedrdxe 

X pnmopy ' - 2 d ~ 

2 

flm zpynno Bozo npu 8oda 

Puc. X.10. Cxe~bl KO~O~OK nepeMeHbI nepenarl: 

I, 11, 111, 1V H V - HoMepa eanoe; 1, 2, 3 ri 4 - HoMepa npnvux nepenas; OB - 06par~oe 

apaqeHwe. MU - UIHHHO-naeeua~ri~ec~ar uy@ra 

Y€HNR O ~ ~ ~ T HBpaUeHAH O ~ O pOTOpa, a B 3 ~ 6 9 a T b 1 Knn ~ B IIOCneA- 

HeM cnysae wcnonb3ym~ uenHbIe nepenasn. Ta~ne perueHsR ynpo- 

AByXBanbHbIMU, 

UaIOT KOHCTPYKUAIO. U(2n~bl.e Rnn BbIIIOnHRIOT 

TaK KaK B HUX XeJIaTeJbHO AMeTb 60nbruee PaCCTORHNe MeXAY 

BanaMw AJIR YBenHYeHRR YNCJIa 3BeHbeB A AOJlTOBe9HOCTU UeII~ofi 

IIepeAasN. 3y6~a~b1e Knn BbInOJIHRIOT AByX- A TpeXBanbHbIMN. 

B HNX PaCCTORHAe MeXAy BaJIaMA AOJIXHO 6bI~b no B03MOXHOCTA 

MeHbrUMM AnH CHAXeHAR 0KpyXHbIX CKOPOCT~~~. 

Ha pHC. X.10, U IIOKa3aHa CXeMa A B Y X B ~ ~ ~ qeTbIPeXCKOPOCT- 

H O ~ ~ 

~0fi Knn C ~ Y ~ Y ~ T ~ ~NJlHHAPN~eCKNMN 

I M H 

IIePeAasaMH A Uen~0fi 

nepenasefi Ann O ~ ~ ~ T HBpalUeHAH O ~ O (OB). C TOsKA 3PeHAR 

KUHeMaTMKA 3Ta K O ~ O ~ MeHee K ~ YAasHa. OH^ AMeeT ABe 3aMeAnR- 

r\ 

mUNe N ABe yCKOpRIOUAe IIepeAaYN. ~~CTOTH BpaUeHMR ACnOnHki- 

TeJIbHbIX MeXaHN3MOB J I ~ ~ ~ A A K B POTOPa BO BCeX CnyYaRX HUXe, 

YeM AswraTenR, ~ O ~ T OycKopRmuAe M ~ nepenaw snecb He HYXHH. 

Ha pwc. X.10,6 no~a3a~a cxeMa qe~b~pex~anbwog AB~XCKO~OCT- 

HOA KHn, n p ~ l ~ e ~ ~ nnR e ~ o~~nra~enefi, i i 

KoTopbIe pacnonoxeebr 

IIepIIeHAAKyJIRpHO K BanaM ne6en~~. Ban npUBOAa POTOpa pacno- 

JOX~H T a m e nepneHAaKydmpHo K BanaM Knn. CKOPOCTU nepe- 

KJlIOYaIOTCR KYJlaYKOBbIMN MY@T~MII. 06paT~0e BPaUeHMe POTOpa 

OCyUeCTBJlReTCR C IIOMOUbIO BTOPO~ KOHHY~CKO~~ IIepeAaYU. 

Ha pnc. X.10, s no~a3a~a cxeMa n~yxsanb~oii senaofi Tpexc~opoc~~oii 

Knn c 3y6~a~oii nepe~arleii Ansi o6pa~~oro BpaUeHwR 

N IIepeKJIIoseHAeM C K O ~ O C T KyJIasKOBbIMU ~ ~ ~ 

MY@T~MU. 3Ta KnH 

m e e T Ase uenme nepenasw K ne6eA~e. Bce nepenasw noHaxamT 

rIacToTy BpaueHm. 

C X ~ Y~T~I~~XCKOPOCTHO~~ 

M ~ 

Knn C OAHNM UenHbIM IIPNBOAOM 

ne6enea N KOHUYeCKAMA ~ Y ~ Y ~ T ~ IIePeAaYaMN I M N 

IIpNBOAa pOTOpa 

KapAaHHbIM BaJIOM nOKa3aHa Ha PAC. X.10,~. ~ ~ A B O POTOpa A 

~epes ~ a p n a ~ Ban ~ ~ OT i o6~eii i Knn ~pe6ye~ pacnonoxeHwR oceii 

BaJIOB IIOA YrJIOM 90°, 9TO yCnOXHReT mn, HO YIIpOUaeT TpaHC- 

MNCCBIO er0 IIpHBOAa. ,Q~R TaKOrO PeuIeHkiR MOXHO PeKOMeHAOBaTb 

KOHNseCKMe PeAyKTOpbI A HpllBOA POTOpa Yepe3 K a p ~ a ~ ~ bBan. l a 

Ecn~ O C ~ npNBoAHoro Bana poTopa pacnonoxeaa napannenmo 

OCRM BBJIOB, TO nPABOA OCY4eCTBJlReTCR u~IIHo~ T ~ ~ H C M U C CIlnA M ~ ~ ~ 

UHANBkiAYaJlbHbIM ABAraTeJeM. 

Ha PAC. X.1 I no~a3a~a KOHCTP~K~AR KnH c u e n ~ b nepeaa- 

~ ~ u 

YaMn A 3y6sa~oii nepenaseii AnR o6pa~~oro BpaueHm. ,Q~H nepe- 

KJUOseHNR nep~0fi CKOPOCTA IIpAMeHeHa KyJIaYKOBaR MY@T~, a AnR 

BTOPO~~ ~pe~befi - UWHHO-IIHeBMaTAYeCKNe MY@T~I, YTO IIOBbIUIaeT 

OnePaTABHOCTb IIePeKJII09eHNR 3TAX CKO~OCT~~~. ~ ~ A B OYCTaHOBKA A 

AOJIXeH 06e~ne9ii~aTb BO3MOXHOCTb BpaUeHNR POTOPa B ABYX 

I

A3 ABYX KOJIeC: BeAYUlerO - HaCOCHOTO, COeANHeHHOrO C BaJIOM ABNraTmrr, 

N TYP~HHHO~O, sa~penne~~oro Ha BXOAHOM sany c nony- 

MY@TO~~ Ha IIPOTBBOIIOJIOXHOM KOH4e. C IIOMOubIo 3~0fi MY@T~I Ben 

o ~ b ~ Ban i i ~yp6onepeAasn sepes nocnerryroqne 

3blBaeTCR C ne6e&~ofi, POTOPOM N HaCOCaMA. 

M ~ X ~ H N ~ CBR- M ~ I 

Ha Konecax MMeroTcrr nonacTn, 06pa3yrowue paAnanbHMe Ka- 

H a m . H~COCHO~ Koneco, coennHeHHoe c sanoM ABnraTenR, coo6uaeT 

3~epr~ro pa6osefi XNAKOCTU, KoTopaR 3 a ~ nocTynaeT e ~ 

Ha 

nonacTN TYP~BHHO~O Koneca, nepenasaR sHeprnro n aac~asnrr~ ero 

BpaWaTbCR B Ty Xe CTOPOHY. 3aTeM XNAKOCTb IIO CneqAaJIbHbIM 

KaHaJaM BO3BpaUaeTCR K HaCOCHOMy KOJIeCy. 

TYP~NHHO~ KOJIeCO, COeANHeHHOe C BblXOAHbIM BaJIOM, BpauaeT- 

CR c ~e~bu~eji Y~CTOTO~~ n2, rIeM HacocHoe Koneco n,, coenaHeHHoe 

C ABPiraTeJeM. OTHOIIJ~HN~ qaCTOT BpaWeHIlR n2/nl Ha3bIBaeTCR 

OTHOCNTenbHbIM CKOJIbXeHHeM. 

TYP~OMY@TM He IIpe06pa3~10~ KPYTRwNe MOMeHTbI. Bcer~a 

KPYTRWN~~ MOMeHT BeAYUeI'O Bans PaBeH KPYTRueMY MOMeHTY 

BeAOMOrO. I(03@@kiL(NeHT IIOJIe3HOTO A~~~CTBNR TYP~OMY@TH IIpH 

HOMEIH~JI~HO~~ HarPY3Ke IIpOnOpQkiOHaJIeH CKOJIbXeHNIo Pi PaBeH 

0,98-0,95. B OTeYeCTBeHHbIX ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBKaX TYP~OMY@TH He 

npHMeHRIoT. 

T~~~OT~UHC@O~MUTO~ 

OTnMrIaeTCR OT TYP~OMY@TH TeM, 9TO NMeel 

TpeTbe HenonsnxHo 3a~penne~~oe Koneco - ~ anpa~n~~oquii 

annapaT. BO~MOXHO T a m e Haanwe ABYX HanpaBnRmunx anna- 

PaTOB. 

Ha pHC. X.12 nOKa3aHa CXeMa A~~~CTBNR ~j'p60~pa~C@0p~a~0pa. 

Ban ABnraTenx 1 coenmeH c KoaecoM 2 Hacoca n HarHeTaeT XNA- 

KOCT~ no KaHany 3 B ~anpasn~rouufi annapaT 4, pacnonoxe~~b~fi 

B HenoABmKHoM Kopnyce 5. M3 HanpaBnRroqero annapaTa XNA- 

KOCT~ nocTynaeT Ha TYP~BHHO~ Koneco 6, 3a~penne~~oe Ha B~IXOA- 

EOM Bany 7. Knn~oc~b, BbIxoAa n3 Koneca TYP~UH~I no KaHany 

8, n0cTynae-r B nonocTb 9 Kopnyca, a oTryAa no KaHany 10 cHosa 

nonanaeT Ha Koneco Hacoca. T~KHM o6pa30~, XNAKOCT~ co~eprrraeT 

ABNxesHe no ~~MKHYTOMY KOHTYP~: no cnlrpanH OT Bpauarouerocrr 

HacocHoro Koneca sepea ~anpasn~rou~ii peamop H Bpaqaroueecrr 

C MeHbIIJefi ~ ~ C T O TTYP~NHHO~ O ~ ~ KOJIeCO. n p N 3TOM Pi IIPONCXOABT 

T ~ ~ H C @ O P M ~ rIaCTOTbI ~ N R BPaqeHNR Pi 

XOAHOM BaJly. 

KPYTRUWO MOMeHTa Ha BbI- 

TYp6oTpa~~@0p~a~0p RBJIReTCR KaK 6b1 KOPO~KO~ nepeAa~ C 

~ ~ C K O H ~ ~ YNCAOM H ~ I M IIepeAas Pi IIepeMeHHbIM K. n. A.9 TaK KaK 

EoTepn MOWHOCTN B T~P~OTP~HC@OPM TOP^ B03paCTamT C yBenn- 

Puc. X.11. Uen~aa TpexcKopocTHaa Knn nna na3enb~oro npaaona: 

1 - KIep~Hq~hlfl Ban: 2, 13 H 1 6 - ~ e ~ y ~ ~ e 

3Be3AOqKH Knn; 3, 11 H 12-UIHHHO.IIHeBMaTHnpHBoAa 

JIe6eA~w; 15 - 

VecKHe ~yaTbI; 4, 5 H 10 - BeAOMhle IleflHbIe KOneCa; 6 - KYJTaqKOBaR MY@T~; 

Ban; 8 w 14 - sy6ra~ble Koneca pesepca; 9 - BeAyqafl s~es~os~a 

pblqar YflpaBneHHR sydsarofl M~'$To~ 

7 - ~TopHqwblft 

277

fie hl - KO~@@M&N~HT MOMeHTa, ~apa~TepN3J'mW~fi BXOAHYK) 

YaCTb ~yp60~pa~~@0pMaT0pa; P - IIJIOTHOCTb XNAKOCTN, KT/M~; 

n, - YacTora spaweHun nepeeworo sana. 0 6 1 ~ Do ~ - ~ ; maMeTp Koneca ue~~po6e~~oro Hacoca, M. 

Ha BTOPNrIHOM (BHXOAHOM) BaAy T)'~~oT~~Hc@o~M~- 

Topa 

MO~HOCT~ 

NT=NI~T, (X.23) 

(h2 - KO~@@UUH~HT MOMeHTa, ~apaKTepN3yIo~~fi BblXOAHyH, rIaCTb 

T Y ~oT~~Hc@o~M~To~~). 

~ 

TY~~OT~~HC@O~M~TO~ 

MOXHO UCIIOJIb30BaTb AJIR pa6o~bl 

C ABNraTeJIeM npEi ~OCTORHHO~~ rIaCTOTe BpaWeHiiH - ABNraTeJfeM 

nepeMeHHOr0 TOKa. npN IIOCTORHHO~~ qaCTOTe BpaUeHNR BXOAHOrO 

sana HeperynapyMoro ~yp60~pa~@op~a~opa nwanasoa rIacToT 

BpaueHNR Ha BbIXOAHOM BaJIy YMeHbUIaeTCR, n03TOMY uenecoo6pas- 

HO nPNMeHRTb TOJIbKO PeryJINpyeMble TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP~I, Y KO- 

TOPbIX XaPaKTePNCTNKa COOTBeTCTBYeT TP~~OB~HIIRM HCIIOJIHWTeJfb- 

HMX MeXaHW3MOB. 

T ~ ~ ~ o T ~ ~ H c @JfyYlIIe o ~ M IlCllOJIb3OBaTb ~ T o ~ AJIR COBM~CTHO~~ 

pa6o~b1 c ABwraTeneM, nMeroweM nepeMeHHym sacToTy B ~ ~ W ~ H N R . 

n p ~ l ruupo~o~ naanasoae perynaposaHm sacToT BpaweHm 

K. n. A. TYP~~TP~HC@OPM~TOPOB 3HaYNTeJIbIIO CHNXaeTCR. flnR PaCrUNpeHNR 

3OHbI peryJINPOBaHNR A0 nOCJIeAHer0 BpeMeHN IIpIlMeHRnH 

KOM~NHIIPOB~HH~~~ KOMnJIeKCHMe TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP~I, 06'ben~- 

HRIoWNe TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP N TYP~OMY@TY. 

Ko,nnnexc~6le T ~ . ~ P ~ O T ~ U U C @ O O ~ M ~ ~ J T ~ ~ A ~ ~ Karl L I ~ eCTBaMN T 

TYP~OMY@T Pi T~~~OTP~HC@OPM~TOPOB OAHOBPeMeHHO. y HUX C 

YMeHbIIIeHIleM HarPY3KN Ha BTOPNrIHOM BaJIy npIl OnpeneJfeHHOM 

COOTHOLUeHNH rIaCTOT BpaWeHNR HaCOCHOrO Pi TYP~IIHHOI'O KOneC 

nanpasn~mu~ii annapaT nonysaeT BO~MOXHOCT~ ~pawa~bc~ B TOM 

xe HanpasneHuu, YTO B HacocHoe KoAeco, He co3~a~a~ onopHoro 

MOMeHTa, M TYP~OM~UINH~ pa60~aeT KaK TYP~OMY@T~, B pe3yJIbTa- 

Te YerO IlOBbIUlaeTCR K. II. A. A0 0,95-0,98. 

B naanaso~e nepenaTosHbrx o~~ome~~fi u=0-+0,8 Mamma 

pa60Tae~ KaK TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP, pa3BHBaR Ha BTOPNrIHOM Bany 

MOuHOCTb N,2=0+330 KBT npki q,=0+0,9. KO~@@NUN~HT MOW- 

HOCTN hl =0,07+0,03. 

npll nepeXOAe KOMnJIeKCHOrO ~ y p 6 0 ~ p a ~ ~ @ O p M a Ha ~ OPeXNM p a 

pa60Tb1 C nepenaTOrIHMM OTHOUIeHNeM ~>0,8 OH HaYNHaeT pa60TaTb 

KaK lIp0~TOfi TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP C MOUHOCTbIO No12 N 6onee BbI- 

COKMM K. n. A. 

OIIbIT 3KCIIJIyaTaUNM KOMnJIeKCHbIX TYP~OT~~HC@OPM~TOPOB B 

6ypo~blx YCTaHOBKaX, pa6o~a1ouwx C rIaCTbIMN II HeAOJIrOBpeMeH- 

HbIMN PeXNMaMN HarPY30K, N3MeHRIOIQNXCR B UlIlPOKOM AUaIIa3OHe, 

ITOKa3aJI, 9TO ~@@~KTI?BHOCT~ NX pa60Tbl He Bblme, rIeM npOCTbIX 

T~~~OT~~HC@O~M~TOPOB, 

II03TOMY B HOBbIX ~ ~ P O B ~ YCTaHOBKaX 

I X 

HaYaJIIl nPIlMeHRTb 3TN MaLUNHbl. 

fln~ noanepmaHnR H~O~XOAI~MO~O AasneHm B pa6oseB nonocTN 

N OCYWeCTBJIeHNR BH~IIIH~~~ QMpKyJIRUHN pa60sefi XNAKOCTN B CN- 

CTeMe OXJIaXAeHNR TYP~OTP~HC@OPM~TOP C H ~ ~ X ~ ~ TCIIeuNaJfb- C R 

~ofi M~CJIRHOR CNCT~MO~~. 

BRSKOCT~ pa6oseii XNAKOCTN CYweCTBeHHO BnHReT Ha K. II. A. 

~yp6onepe~as~. q e HMXe ~ BRSKOCTb, TeM BMIIIe K. II. A. N TeM 

MeHbrue ruApasnarIecKNe noTepw. Ysennse~~e nJroTHocTU xHAKocTn 

C~OCO~CTB~~T YMeHbLUeHNH, reOMeTpkiw!CKNX pa3MepOB pa6oseii

06'beMHbIM rNApOnPNBOAOM Ha3bIBalOT COBOKYnHOCTb YCTPOWCTB, 

B 9NCJlO KOTOPbIX BXOANT OANH NAN HeCKOJbKO 06'be~~bIx rNnp0- 

~~Nra~eJIefi, IIpeAHa3HaYeHHbIX AnR IIpliBeAeHNH B ABNXeHMe MeXa- 

HN3MOB N MaUNH C IIOMOI4bIo AaBfleHNR pa6osefi XNAKOCTN. 

B 06'be~HoM rNApOIIpNBOAe XNAKOCTb UNPKYJINPYeT n0 3aMK- 

HYTOMY KOHTYPY. ~ W T ~ T ~ J HaCOC I ~ H H O ~ ' ~ ~ M HA~~~CTBNR O ~ O (LUecTepe~HbIfi, 

JIoII~cTHo~~ N AP.), IIPuBoANM~I~~ B AeficT~Ne 3JleKTpOABNra- 

TeneM MnH ABC, noAaeT Ha BXOA pa6oqero Hacoca Mna uMnuHnpa 

XNAKOCTb IIOA AaBJIeHNeM, OCyIUeCTBnRR BPaIUaTenbHOe NJIN IIOCTy- 

EaTenbHoe nepeMeweHNe ero acnonHNTenbHoro opraaa. H a n o p ~ a R 

JlNHNR OT IINTaTeJIbHOrO HaCOCa K rNApOABUraTenIo O~O~YAY~TCH 

IIpeAOXpaHMTenbHbIM KnanaHOM NJIU PeryJIRTOpOM AaBJIeHAR N no- 

Haw. 

06'beM~bIe rNApOnepeAa9N o6nana10~ XOPOLUNMN KNHeMaTNYe- 

CKkIMN N ANHaMM9eCKNMN CBO~CTB~MI?. OHN o ~ ~ c I I ~ ~ N B UIBPOKN~~ 

~ I O T 

~~anaso~ perynHposaHm sacToT ~pame~w~ sanoB (B pRne cny- 

9aeB C OTHOrUeHAeM CKOPOCT~~~ 1 : 1000), IIJIaBHOCTb pa3rOHa N 

TOPMOXeHNR, BbICOKYIO II03NIJUOHHYKl TOYHOCTb PeBepCNPOBaHNR. 

AJR HNX CBO~~CTB~HHM IIpOCTOTa OrpaHH9eHNR A~~~cTB~IOIUNX YCN- 

JINfi U MOMeHTOB, O9eHb BbICOKOe ~~ICTPOA~~~CTBN~ (500- 1000 

~~nmse~afi B MNHYTY), npocToTa ynpaBneHm N O~CJI~XMB~HNR N 

AOCTaTO9HaR HaAeXHOCTb. 

I( Yricny HeAOCTaTKOB O ~ ' ~ ~ M H ~NAPOABN~~T~JI~~~ 

~ I X 

OTHOCRTCR 

H~O~XOANMOCTL B~ICOKO~~ TOYHOCTN N3TOTOBAeHNR, HaJINqNe 06pa~- 

HbIX CJINBHbIX JtN~kIfi, 9TO YCJIOXHReT CNCTeMbl, ~pe6ymwrre IIepeAa- 

qll Ha 6onbwlle PaCCTORHNR, a TaKXe IIOXapOOnaCHOCTb. npkiB0- 

,a NCnoJIHNTeJIbHbIX MeXaHN3MOB 6yp0~b1~ YCTaHOBOK 60nb~10fi 

MOUHOCTN (>200 KBT) 06'be~~bIe ABNraTenN He IIpNMeHRIOTCR. 

06ae~~bre r~lnpons~lra~ena ruapoKo 1lcnonb3y10~ B reonoropaa- 

BeAO9HOM ~YPOBOM O~O~~AOB~HIIN. B TRXenbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOB- 

KaX K 06'beM~bI~ TUnpOIIepeAaZIaM OTHOCRTCR AOMKPaTbI, UPUMeHR- 

H;uuecR AnR noAaeMa N cnycKa BbIrueK, nepeMeweHaR OCHOB~HM~~, 

a TaKxe rHApoUNnHHnpbr AnR nepeABiixeHuR nnarueK npu repMeTw- 

3auNN YCTbR CKBaXUH M MaLUNHHbIX ~JlIO9efi IIPN CBNHYNBaHNlI N 

pa3BNHlINBaHNU 6ypNnb~bI~ 3aMKOB I1 AP. 

npu~epo~ npuMefIeHm 06'be~~oro rHnpoABaraTenR B ~ Y P ~ H N U 

RBJIRIOTCR BNHTOBbIe 3a60fi~bIe ABNraTeJN. M H O T O K ~ ~ T H NCnbI- ~ I ~ 

TaHNR ApYrNX TUIIOB 06'be~~bIx T U A P O A B N T ~ T 60nb~10ii ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ MOUHO- 

CTN YCnexa He NMeJIN. ~ O ~ ~ I T CO3AaHUR K H 

~MA~O@U~BPOB~HH~IX 

~YPOBMX YCTaHOBOK AJIR rny6o~oro 6ype~NR TaKXe He AanN nOJl0- 

XNTeJIbHbIX pe3yJbTaTOB. 

1. nepena~~, HCnOJIb3yehlble B TpaHCMUCCHRX G~POBLIX YCTBHOBOK. 

2. KOHCTPYKLIHH MeoropaAHbIx BTYJIOYHO-PO~WKOB~IX ueneii, HX npea~yqe- 

CTBa H HeAOCTaTKN no CpaBHeHHIO C KnWHOBbIMN peMHRMN. 

3. Rb16op YHcna PRAOB M Luara qens. 

4. OCHOBH~I~ npilBU.Ta MOHTaXa U CMa3KH MIIO~OpRAHbIX UenHblX TpaHCMHC- 

CH!~. 

5. KJIWHOB~I~ peMHH, NX KOHCTPYKUHR 

MeTpOB TpaHCMHCCHU. 

N npanuna ~~6opa OCHOBHLIX napa- 

6. MOHTBX H 

TpaHCMHCCHU. 

Bb160p KnUHOBblX pe~eeii AnR MHO~OPRAHO!~ KJIRHo~~M~HHo~"~ 

7. THnbr U XapaKTepHCTNKa MY@T CUenJIeNWR, npHMeHReMHX B TpaHCMHC- 

CWHX ~YPOB~IX YCTBHOBOK. 

8. n0seMy 

JCHMR? 

CHnbHO N3HallrHBaK)TCR @~NKUHOHHH~ 3JIeMeUTbI MY@T CUen- 

9. K a p A a ~ ~ b BaJlbI l e HX KOHCTPYKUMR N YCJIOBHR ~KCIIJIY~T~L(NN. 

10. npaBHJIa MOHTaXa N YXOAa 3a WUHHO-nHeBMaTUYeCKNMH MY@TBMN CUen- 

.'leHHn. 

11. Onpeneneeue 3anaca ~py~~uero MoMeHTa, KOTOP~IH MoxeT nepenaBaTb 

hry+~a crrenneeua. 

12. KOHCT~~KUUU KOPO~OK IIepeMeHLI IIepeAaY, IlpHMeHReMblX B ~YPOBHX 

J'CTaHOBKaX. 

13. runponepena~u B cunoBblx npuBonax. 

14. ~~HHuHII A ~ ~ ~ ~ T T B ~ N~ R ~ O T P ~ H C @ O ~ H M CXeMa ~ T O ~ UHpKyXRUUU ~ , 

B HeM 

XEIAKOCTH. 

15. OTJIHYFie ~yp60Tpa~~@Op!da~Opa OT TYP~O~~YI$T~I. 

CUCTEMbI YIIPABJIEHUSI EiYPOBbIMH YCTAHOBYAMU 

g 1. BUAbl, TPEGOBAHUR U XAPAKTEPUCTUKU

m a x s t: 

s o m r h s 

e x 

o s a 

a m t : 

a, . - Q m m 2 

mem ma, 

0 x o S 

i $ % s 

m s a2 

r =a 

ha, 

w gosm 

3: x = 

x x a a , ~ 

w u s e x 

x r x m x 

zab 

Q *'g h 

8 s o s o 

m x h e x 

a a,axz 

r e 0 

,a z =z 

0 ag =a 

a z\oh 

a e 

g g, 3.- a, 

a, 

a, x 

., r q 

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'If 

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ha, 

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X g a,E 

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8 x cd 

m a g% 

3: m m 

0

JIWKOCTb, MaHeBpeHHOCTb N aBTOMaTN3M OpraHOB, Ha KOTOPhIe 

B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ COnepaTOp T B ~ ~ T N KOTOPbIe OCj'UeCTBJIRIOT HCnOJIHeHNe KO- 

MaHAbI. 

COB~~LLI~HCTBO CIlCTeMbI YIIPaBJIeHNR 3aBlrCNT KaK OT KOHCTPYK- 

UHH OpraHOB CNCTeMbI yIIpaBJleHNR, TaK U OT pa6oseii n03bI 6ypunbuuKa 

II ycanufi, aa~paslrsae~b~x NM B npouecce ynpaBneHm. 

Heyno6c~~o no3b1 pa6oser0, ~eo6xonu~oc~b npanoXeHaR 6oonmax 

~'cHJIH~~ BbI3bIBaIOT ~ ~ I C T PYTOMJIeHlle O ~ pa6osero U CHNXaIOT er0 

IIPOH3BOANTeJIbHOCTb. YcPiJINe, 3aTpa'iNBaeMOe pa6osu~ Ha MaHU- 

nynRukiN pbIsaraMN, 06b19~0 He 6onee 30-50 H, TOPMO~HO~~ PYKO- 

HTKOG-H~ 6onee 150 H, HOXHHMII nenanmu u pemo nepeenmsaeMbIMu 

pmaram - He 6onee 100-200 H. A a ~ n e ~ NPYKORTKN, e 

KpOMe TOPMO~HO~~, 06~9~0 OCj'UeCTBJlReTCR B TegeHlle HeCKOJIbKUX 

CeKyHA H HeYTOMllTeJIbHO AJIH 6yp~nbUPi~a. PYKORTKN U IIeAaJIll 

pacnonaraIoT TaK, 9 ~ 0 6 HMH ~ 6h1.110 ~ ~ 0 6 IIOJIb30BaTbCR ~ 0 6e3 

I13MeHeHIIH pa6osefi no3b1 Fi MeCTa 6ypNnbUN~a. 

Y~TKOCT~, CTU~UA~HOCT~ U NHeMOHU1IHOCTb YnPaBJIeHNR 06ecnesIlBaIOTCR 

TeM, 9TO KaXAaH KOMaHAa COOTBeTCTBj'eT 0IIpeflene~~ofi 

@YHK~WU W He BbI3hIBaeT U3MeHeHUH IIOJIOXeHUH APYrWX OpraHOB 

ynpasneHuR. Benwsu~a xona, HanpuMep, PYKORTKII, npu BKnmse- 

HBU N BbIKJIIO'ieHNN AOJIXHa 6b1~b BCerAa OANHaKOBa U c~a6Finb~a 

IIpH KaXAOM IIOBTOPeHNN KOMaHAhI. 

MH~MOH~HOCT~ 

ynpaBneHuH 06ecnes~~ae~c~ TaKm pacnono- 

XeHaeM opraHoB ynpasneHm, npu KOTOPOM onepaTop OCBO~OXA~H 

OT H3JIHUIHerO HaIIpRXeHNH IIaMRTN. OIIepa~op He AOJIXeH ~ a X ~ b 1 f i 

pa3 BCnOMIIHaTb, HaXOANTCR TOT NJIN NHO~ pbisar j'IIpaBJleHNR, 

B KaKYIO CTOPOHY Pi Ha KaKOe PaCCTORHNe CJIeAyeT er0 IIepeABlrHyTb 

UJIN IIOBepHyTb, 9~06b1 BKJIIOgNTb UJIU BbIKJIIO'iNTb, HaIIpNMep, K.TIO9 

AJIR CBBHgUBaHBR HJIN pa3BNHsNBaHNR 6ypNnb~b1~ 3aMKOB. 

Hanpa~~e~ae ABUXeHNR PyKN OIIepaTOpa AOJIXHO COBIIaAaTb 

C HaIIPaBJleHUeM ABNXeHWR MeXaHU3Ma. ~ P BePTNKaJIbHOM W 

PaCnonoxeaua 

pbIsara, Hanpmep TOPMOBHO~O, TopMoxeaue ocywe- 

CTBJIReTCR ABHXeHNeM PbIsara BHN3, TaK KaK IIPN 3TOM )'~06~ee 

npanoxuTb K ycr,inm PYKN ewe Bec Tena pa6oser0, a npu pac-rop- 

MaXHBaHNN H ~ O ~ O ~ OnpN T . rOP1130HTaJlbHOM paCIIOJlOXeHUU PbIsarOB 

BKJIIO9eHNe, ~pe6ymwee ~OJI~UOI-0 j'CNnNH pa6oser0, OCj'weCTB- 

JIHeTCR IIOBOPOTOM PbIsara , a BbIKJIIO'ieHNe- . 

U~yp~aJIkd npu BKAIOseHNN O ~ ~ I ~ IBpawaIOT H O , a npw 

BbIKJIIOWHHN - . nenanb~oe ynpasneHue npu pa6oseR 

n03e CTOR OCYweCTBJlReTCR TOJIbKO B MeXaHN3MaX, ~pe6y10uux 

3IIN30AN'ieCKOrO BKJIIO9eHNR. BKJIIO~I~HN~ OCYI4eCTBJlReTCR HaXaTNeM 

IIeAaJIH , a BbIKJIIO'ieHlle - . npN KHOnOsHOM 

yIIpaBneHNN - BepXHRR KHOnKa , a HIIXHRR . 

nyJIb~ 6ypNJIbwki~a C H ~ ~ X ~ ~ T ~ C~ H J I H ~ C Kj'Ka3aHNeM o ~ ~ Ha- 

IIpaBJleHNR ABHXeHNR KaX~ofi KHOIIKN NJIN PbIsara N BbInOJIHeHNR 

NMN (Py~Kullfi. HaAnNcN AOJIXHbI 6b1~b seTKNMU, XOPOUO OCBewaTb- 

CR B nerKo suTaTbcR 6e3 N~M~H~HIIH 

onepaTopa. 

284 

pa6oseR noa~ 

I 

I 

~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ c c u ~ HNX2KOCTb o C T ~ , U 2 ~ 6 ~ - 0 ~ BaXHbIe ~ 6 KageCTBa 

ClrCTeM j'IIpaBneHNR. ~PO~P~CCI~BHOCT~ 06e~ne911~ae~ 6e3yAap~0c~b 

N MRrKOCTb BKJIIOgeHNR 3a CgeT TOrO, 9TO IIOJIHOe YCllnNe Ha OpraHe 

j'IIpaBJIeHNR B03HNKaeT He Cpa3y, a C HeKOTOPhlM 3aIIa3AbIBaHNeM, 

a 3aTeM ~~ICTPO N 3HeprN9HO BO3paCTaeT A0 ~pe6ye~ofi BeJINrINHhl, 

OCyWeCTBnnR BKJIIoseHNe 6e3 PbIBKOB Pi YAaPOB. Hanpki~ep, B JeH- 

TOsHhlX TOPM03aX, ~YPOB~IX J I ~ ~ ~ A IIpllMeHRIOT O K 

KyJIasKOBhle NnN 

pMsaxabIe M~X~HU~MH, c IIOMOUI~IO KOTOP~IX nepeAaTosHoe OTHOrueme 

N~M~HR~TCR no Mepe noBopoTa pbIsara. TO 06ecnesll~ae~ 

nporpeccmwoe ysenlrseHHe TOPMO~HO~O YCNJIHR. 

6blC~g0de6C~8~e CllCTeNbl ytlpU8AeHUR - BaXHOe KaseCTBO finH 

TaKllX MeXaH113MOB, KaK IIOA'beMHaR CNCTeMa ~YPOB~IX A ~ ~ ~ A OBbI- K , 

IIOJIHRIOwaR MaCCOBbIe, saCT0 IIOBTOPRIOWNeCR OIIepaullN npll CnO. 

npN 3TOM OnepaTOp AOJIXeH BCerAa 3HaTb NJIN BNAeTb, 9TO er0 

KOMaHAa BbIIIOJlHeHa T09HO. 

CTPYKTYPHUR tlPOllHOCTb Op2UH08 CUCTeNbl ytlpU8AeHUR U UX 

icoHCTpljKyUX BbiIIOJlHHloTCH TBKUMN, 9~06b1 He IIPONCXOABJIO 113HO- 

Ca N A ~ @ o ~ M ~ UX ~ H 3JIeMeHTOB N 

B IIpOueCCe pa6o~h1, MOHTaXa, 

AeMOHTaXa Pi TPaHCIIOPTNPOBKN 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKN, IIPNBOARUINX 

K HaPYIlIeHBIO TOgHOCTW N geTKOCTN j'IIpaBneHNH. 

6 e s o n a c ~ o c ~ CucTefibl b 

ynpaeneHuR 06ecnesa~ae~c~ XO~OLLIIIM 

pacnonoxeaaeM opraHoB ynpaBneHm, nerKocTbIo NX 06cnyxu~a- 

HNR, CO~~IOA~HN~M H~O~XOAEIM~IX ~~CCTORHH~~, XOPOUI~~~ OCBeWeH- 

HOCTbIO, JIerKOCTbIO N YAO~CTBOM MaHNIIYJIllPOBaHNR. Bce 3T0 IIC- 

KJIIOgaeT BO3MOXHOCTb TPaBMaTN3Ma 06cny~~~a10wero IIepCOHaJIa 

H nopsy O~OPYAOB~HNH. 

§ 2.OPrAHbI CHCTEM YIlPABJlEHHtl 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX IIPNMeHRIOTCR pa3JI119HhIe CNCTeMbI yn- 

PaBJIeHNR: MeXaHN'ieCKNe, IIHeBMaTN9eCKlle, rNAPaBJlN9eCKNe, 

3JIeKTpH'ieCKFie NJIN KOM~NH~~NII 3TNX CNCTeM. 

CHCT~M~ MexaHNsecKoro ynpasneIluR acnonbay~~~ B Tex c~ysaRx, 

KorAa ycanae, npuKnanbIsaeMoe K pyKoRTKaM ynpasneHuR, 

paCCTORHHe, Ha KOTOpOe AOJIXHa 6b1~b IIepeAaHa KOMaHAa, HeBeJIN- 

KN. TO IIePeABNXHbIe arperaTb1: ueMeHTNPOB09HbI€!, HaCOCHbIe II 

nerKae 6ypo~b1e ycTaHoBKa AnR reonoropa3se~os~oro 6ype~u~. 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX no c> N B3ET MexaHNseCKNe 

CWCTeMbI IIPNMeHRIOT AJIR ANCTaHuIIOHHOrO YIIpaBneHEIR TOnJINBHbIMN 

HaCOCaMll ~N3eJIefi, BKJIIO~~HNR C K O ~ O C T B ~ ~ Knn, ~ IIpRMOrO N 

O ~ ~ ~ T HBpaWeHNR O ~ O POTOpa, BKJIIOseHNR KYJIaZIKOBbIX MY@T BCnO- 

MoraTenbHoro TOPMO~~ JI~~~AKH, perynmopa nonasu AonoTa u np. 

M~X~HN~~CKNMH 

CMCTeMaMN OCj'WeCTBnReTCR ynpaBneHEIe ABc 

YCTaHOBOK.' B rPj'IIIIOBbIX IIpNBOAaX C ABC AN3eJIRMN YnpaBnRIOT

C IIOCTa 6ypHJIbuH~a H OAHOBpeMeHHO MOXeT YnpaBJIRTb UHAUBH- 

UyaJIbHO AH3eJIHCT C IIyJIbTa, paCnOJIOXeHHOr0 y ABHraTeJIR. Y~CTO- 

Ta BPaUeHMR ABC PeryJIHPyeTCR IIyTeM N3MeHeHHR IIOAa9H TOnJIU- 

Ba HaCOCaMH AH3eJIR. T ~ KaK K B rPYnnOBOM IIpHBOAe MOXeT 6bI~b 

01 ABYX AO seTbrpex cnapeHHbIx ~menefi, osem BaxHo, 9~06b1 

AH3eJIH 6b13H OTperyJIHpOBaHbI H H3MeHRJIH OAUHaKOBO CBON XapaK- 

TePHCTHKU npH H3MeHeHHH peXHMa HX pa60~bI C nOCTa 6yp~nb- 

UHKa. 

B MeXaHHseCKHX CHCTeMaX C PYYHHM YIIpaBJIeHNeM IIPHMeHRIoT 

CTaHAapTHbIe KOHNseCKHe @~COHHH~ N qHJINHAPMqeCKHe PYqKH NJIH 

PYqKH CO CTaHAaPTHbIMM UIaPHKOBbIMH HaKOHe9HNKaMH. Pblsar~, 

UTypBaJIbI, IIeAaJIH U TOMY n0~06~b1e 3JIeMeHTbI HMeIOT pa3~oo6pa3~b1e 

QOPM~I H pa3~epb1 B ~~BHCHMOCTN OT nepeAaBaeMbIx yca- 

Jl~fi H Ha3HaseHHR. 

B HaCTORUee BpeMH BCe 6yposb1e YCTaHOBKH AJIH rny6o~oro 6y- 

PeHUR, KaK IIpaBHJIO, HMeIoT IIHeBMaTU'ieCKOe YnPaBJIeHHe. I(~K 

IIOKa3aJIa IIpaKTHKa ~ Y ~ ~ H NCNCTeMbI R , IIHeBMaTN'ieCKOrO YnpaBJIe- 

HHR 06JIaAaIo~ npeHMyuecTsaMa nepen cUcTeMaMn MexaHHsecKoro, 

sneKTpNsecKoro nnli rwnpaenuseceoro. IIpe~~yuec~sa 3a~n1osa1o~- 

CR B JIWKOCTW M nJIaBHOCTH AHCTaHqHOHHOrO YnpaBJIeHHH, He3HasU- 

TeJIbHOCTH @N~M~~CKIIX YCUJIN~~ nPH pa6o~e Ha nyJIbTe, ~~ICTPOT~ 

Aefi~~Bkifi, IIPOCTOTe KOHCTPYKqHH, IIoxap~ofi 6e30nac~oc~H. 

Bse~e~ue nHesMaTusecKoro AucTaHunoHHoro ynpaBneawR c 

LlHeBMaTHgeCKNMH @~MK~NoHH~IMU MY@T~MN n03BOJIHJIO 3Ha9HTeJIb- 

IJG 06nersu~b pa60.r~ 06cnyx~~amuero nepcoHana n 06ecnesu~b 

1IeTKOCTb YnpaBJIeHNR ~YPOB~IMA YCTaHOBKaMH. B KOMnJIeKT IIHeB- 

MaTwiecKoro ynpasnewm ~YPOB~IMN. ycTaHoBKaMN BXOART: arpera- 

TbI C H ~ ~ X ~ H BOBAYXOM, H R 

HCIIOJIHHTeJIbHbIe MeXaHH3Mb1, YnpaBJIRIO- 

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C noMoubIo yc~pofic~~ nepcoaan, 06c~1yx~samu~fi 6ypo~b1e 

YCTaHOBKH, YnpaBJIReT HCnOJIHHTeJIbHbIMU MeXaHH3MaMU. I( 3THM 

YCT~O~~CTB~M OTHOCRTCR KpaHbI pa3JIH9HbIX KOHCTPYKUH~~. 

Knana~Hble KpaHbl, IIpHMeHReMbIe B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX, RB- 

JlRIoTCR PaCnpeAeJINTeJIbHbIMN YCT~O~~CTB~MH, npeAHa3Ha'ieHHbIMH 

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M.7 BOBAYUHOR CHCTeMbI HanpaBJIReTCR B Ty MJIH HHYIo MY@TY NJIU 

UHJIHHAp. ~ T Xe N KpaHbI IIpH H€!O~XOAUMOCTU HanpaBJIRIoT BO3AyX 

Pi3 MY@T B ~TMOC@~PY. B ~Y~OBHX YCTaHOBKaX IIPHMeHRIoT ABYX- 

M seTbIpexKnanaHHbIe KpaHbI. 

A B y x K JI a II a H H bI fi K P a H (~UC. X1.2,~) COCTOUT H3 CTaJb- 

HOrO UITaMnOBaHHOrO KOPIIYCa 7, HMeIouerO ABa OTBePCTHR 

AJIR 

IinanaHoB. Csepxy H CHH~Y Kopnyc 3a~pb1~ KpbImKaMH, npmpen- 

JleHHbIMH K HeMY ~oJIT~MU. B H H X H ~ KPbIUIKe ~ ~ 9 IIPOTHB OTBep- 

CTUB KJIanaHOB BBapeHbI n a ~ p y 6 1 ~ H ~ 10 AJIR IIpHCOeANHeHHR K 

KpaHy UJIaHrOB BO3AyXOnpOBOAa. I(nana~, ~ ~ c ~ o J I o x ~ H H HaA ~ I ~ ~ 

~ ~ T ~ Y ~ 1, K RBJIReTCR O M BnYCKHbIM, a HaA ~ ~ T ~ Y ~ K10 O- M BHnYCKHbIM. 

Mexny KPMUIKO~~ N KOPIIYCOM KpaHa NMeeTCR IIapOHUTOBaR 

npoKnaAKa 8, H~O~XOAHM~R Ann rep~e~~3aquu nnocKocTn coenu- 

H~HHR. B npopem sepx~eii KP~IUKN 4 nepeMeuaeTcR pyKomKa 3. 

B OTBepCTURX KPbIUKH 3aKpenJIeH BaJIUK 5, Ha KOTOPOM CBO~OAHO 

BpaUaIoTCR ABa OAHHaKOBbIX KyJIagKa 2 U 6. H a p y x ~ a R nosepx- 

HOCTb CTYnNUbI 06pa60~a~a IIOA KBaApaT, lI03TOMY KyJIaqKH BXO- 

ART CTYnHUaMN B KBaAPaTHbIe OTBePCTHR PYKORTKU N BMeCTe C nOC- 

J I e ~ ~ e fBpaUaIoTCR i 

Ha OCU. KYJI~~KN KpaHa CMeUeHbI OAHH 

OTHOCHTeJIbHO APYrOrO Ha 90'. 

IIpw~qanuanb~a~ cxeMa pa60~~ AByxKnanaHHoro KpaHa noeasa~a 

Ha p~c. XI.2,6. IIosep~y~ PYKORTK~ AO ynopa B nonoxeHue

, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha PUC. XI.2, a, HaXaTUeM KyAasKa 

Ha KJIaIIaH 6 OTKpblBaeM er0. BO~AYX, H~XOAR~H~~CR B MY@T~, no 

OlBepCTMIo B BanY Yepe3 BePTJlIOXOK YCTPeMJlReTCR K KPaHY W sepe3 

OTBepCTHe B HeM BhIXOAWT B ~TMOC@~PY. B 3T0 BPeMR KJIaIIaH 

A 3aKPblT. K ~ TOJlbKO K PYKORTKa KpaHa 6yne~ IIepeBeAeHa B np0- 

TiIBononoxHoe ~pafi~ee nonomeHne KnanaH 6 sa~poeTCR, 

a KJlaIIaH A OTKPOeTCR, U EO3AYX U3 B03AyUHOrO 6anno~a 

npofine~ yepea KnanaH B Kopnyc KpaHa, a a a ~ B e ~ KaMepy noa 

uJ,anaHoM 6 u Aanee K M Y ~ T ~ . 

q e ~ ~ p e x ~ n a n a K~ p~ ab H ~ npen~a3~ase~ 

f i 

An2 ynpaa- 

JIfHMR ABYMR MY@T~MH, IIpIlYeM KOHCTPYK~N~~~ IIpeAYCMOTpeHa Ta- 

KaR ~J~OKH~OBK~, KOTOPaR IICKJIIOYaeT OAHOBpeMeHHOe BKJlIorIeHNe 

ABYX MY@T. OH COCTONT KaK 6h1 I13 ABYX CABOeHHhIX AByXKJlaIIaH- 

HbIX KPaHOB. Kpa~hI 3TOr0 Tuna IIIHPOKO IIPHMeHRIOTCR B CUCTeMaX 

IJHeBMOynpaBneHUR ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK. 

Pe2yAUpyfOu(Ue lCpUHbl IIpIlMeHRlOT Ann YCT~ORCTB, ~pe6ymuux 

peryJIHpOBaHUR NJIM nOAAepXaHHR T P ~ ~ Y ~ MAaBJleHPiR O ~ O BOsAyXa, 

HanpuMep, B unnmnpax TOPMOBOB, npH ynpasneHMu no~asefi Ton- 

JIIlBa ~1l3eJlefi ki Ap. flJIR 3TNX seJIefi IIpIlMeHRIoT 6onb111efi YaCTbK) 

~e316paHHhle KPaHbI, IlMeIOuNe ABe ~ e ~ 6 p a ~ hpa60sym I : 

H ynpa~n~muym. 

Pa6osa~ ~ e ~ 6 p ynpasnReT a ~ a KnanaHoM, perynu- 

PYfOUUM IIOAaYy CXaTOrO BO3AyXa M3 MarUCTpaJlN K UCIIOJIHUTeJIb- 

HOMY YCTPO~~CTBY. BTO~~R ~ e ~ 6 p a HYnpaBnReT a 

KJIanaHOM, perynnpymuuM 

nonasy u nasneHue ~oanyxa B KaMepe Han pa6osefi 

M C M ~ P ~ H O P~~HOCT~ 

~ ~ . ~a~ne~kifi IIOA Pi HaA pa6oseii ~a~epofi OnpeAenReTcR 

cTeneHbm OTKP~ITHR pa6osero KnanaHa, a TeM caMmi 

Pi AaBJleHUeM BO3AyXa, IIOCTyIIaIo~erO B UCnOnHUTeJIbHOe yc~pofi- 

CTBO. 

Ha pnc. XI,3, a no~a3a~a cxeMa perynnpymuero M ~ M ~ ~ ~ H H O ~ O 

Kpaaa pa^ Kasa~sesa) TOPMO~HO~~ CucTeMu ne6ea~n. Ka~epa I 

IIOCTORHHO c006ue~a C MarWCTpaJlbIO CXaTOrO BO3AyXa. npu IIOBOpoTe 

PYKORTKH 1 ynpa~n~muufi KnanaH 3 nepeMeuaeTcR u perynw- 

PyeT IIOjJasy BO3AyXa IIOA yIIpaBJlRIoLUyIo M ~ M ~ P ~ H2, Y KOTOPaR 

perynupyeT AaBneHPie BO3AyXa B KaMepe // H ~ pa6oseB A ~ e ~ 6 p a H o f i 

4. Ecnn AasneHne ~oanyxa B KaMepe I/ surue, seM B KaMepe IV, 

TO ~ e ~ 6 p4 a npor~6ae~c~, 

~ a nepensuran pa6osafi KnanaH 5, KOTOpbli 

3aKpbIBaeT OTBePCTUe B CeAJIe 6 U, IIepeMeuaR er0 BHH3, 

OTKPbIBaeT AOCTyn BO3AyXa I13 KaMepbI I B KaMepy /V, OTKyAa OH 

nocTynaeT K ynpasnRmueMy ~CTPOBCTB~. 

I(OHCTPYK~UR perynnpymuero KnanaHa, npuMeHneMoro B TOP- (BPIIYCKHOA ~nana~). Memay cpen~efi s ~epx~efi sacTnMu mpny- 

~oaax 6ypo~b1x JI~~~AOK, npnseAeHa Ha pnc. XI.3,6. 

ca u KonbgoM 14 3axa~a ~ua@par~a 7 143 ~epma~eroueii cTanw. 

KpaH yCTaHaBJlWBaeTCR B H~IIOC~~ACTB~HHO~~ 6nu3oc~a OT TOP- B seHTpaJIbHOe OTBepCTNe ANa@par~b1 7 BCTaBneHa ruafi6a 

~03110ro pmara. Ynpa~ne~ne ocyuecTsnReTcR noBopoToM 6no~a 

13, 

XBOCTOBHK KOTOPO~~ RBJIReTCR TOJIKaTeJIeM AJIR KJIanaHa 6. YcT~- 

9, COeAHHeHHOrO TPOCMKOM C TOPM03HbIM BaJIOM. Kopnyc KpaHa HOBJIeHHaR MeXAy nPYXNHaMN 11 W 12 HaXNMHaR ruaii6a 13 

COCTONT n3 Tpex sac~efi: HMXH~B 18, cpe~~efi 17 u sepx~efi 15, nocToRHHo npmaTa K c~anb~ofi nwaapar~e. UIaii6a 13 cHa6Xe~a 

OlJIIlTblX U3 YyryHa. B HNXHefi YaCTN IlMeeTCR PaCTOYKa C 3aIIpeC- P~~UHOBO~~ ~POKJI~AKO~~ 8 C KOJlbUeBhIMU YIIJIOTHRIOuNMN BbICTY- 

COB~HHO~~ BTYJIKO~~, B KOTOPOA nOMeueH nOpIIIeHb 4 C XBOCTOBNKOM naMH.

YpaH AMeeT ABa ABO~~HHX KJIaIIaHa: B~PXHA~~ 6 (~036y~A~enb- 

~Hfi) YIIpaBJIReTCR AAa@par~ofi 7, a HAXHNR (pa6os~fi) - nOpU- HeM 4. BPOH~OB~R BTYnKa CeAJIa 3 HMXHeTO pa6osero KJIaIIaHa 

BBNHseHa B HNXHIOIO saCTb KOPnYCa KpaHa. ~ ~ T Y H H BTyJIKa ~ R 5 

C€AJIa 16 BepXHerO B O ~ ~ ~ A A T ~ J I ~ KJIaIIaHa H O ~ O 6 BBAHseHa B CpeA- 

HIOK) saCTb KOpIIyCa 17 KpaHa. C~epXeHb B O ~ ~ ~ A A T ~ J KJIaIIa- ~ H O ~ O 

Ha NMeeT seTHpeXrpaHHyIO @OPMY, n03TOMy IIpA OnyueHHOM KnanZHe 

BO3AYX MOXeT IIPOXOANTb MeXAY er0 rPaHRMN A CTeHKaMM 

O'IBepCTAR no BTyJIKe. B~PXHRR saCTb KOpnyCa KpaHa 15 COeAUHe- 

H2 JI~HTo~Ho~~ pesb6ofi C H~XNMHO~~ ~OJIOBKO~~ 10. n p A nOBOpOTe 

9 ronoBKa 10 nepeMeuaeTcR A T a K m 06pa30~ perynapy- 

6no~a 

eTCR AaBJIeHHe IIpyXAH 11 A 12 Ha HaXAMHyIO ruafi6y. 

no^ AaBnesueM nonasruero B KaMepy II cxaToro ~osnyxa nopruem 

4 onycKaeTcR, XBOCTOBNK KnanaHa nepeMeuaeT ~nyc~~oa 

KJIanaH 19, CXNMaR IIPYXNHY 2, A ~XaThIfi BO3AYX A3 MaTNCTPanb- 

~ofi KaMepm I, pa3~eue~~ofi B Kopnyce 1, sepes oTBepcTNe BO 

BTynKe 3 IIpOXOAAT B TOPM03HyIO KaMepy IV, a N3 Hee B UNJINHAP 

TOPM03a. 

B BOBAYUIHO~~ CACTeMe ynpaBneHwR 6yp0~0fi YCT~HOBKO~~ npN- 

MeHRIOTCR A APyrNe KJIaIIaHbI: 06pa~~bIfi KJIanaH B03AyUIHhIX 6an- 

JIOHOB, nepe~nmsa~enb~~fi KnanaH, npenoxpa~a~enb~~fi KnanaH Ha 

BOBAYIUHOM Banno~e, ~nana~-pasp~~~u~, npen~a3~ase~~~fi 

An% 

YCKOPeHNR BHIIyCKa BO3AyXa A3 ILIUHHO-IIHeBMaTU9eCKNX MY@T. 

KnUnUH-PU~PR~HUK, AJIA yCKOpNTeJIb BbInyCKa B03AyXa, CJIYXNT 

AJIR ~~ICTPOI-0 OTKnIO~eHNR (O~OPOWH~HNR) KaMep IUAHHO-IIHeBMa- 

ThqeCKNX MY@T 6apa6a~a ne6en~w. Ann BhllTyCKa BO3AyXa A3 3TNX 

MY@T sepe3 T ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~e60JIbIU0r0 O B O A CeseHllR A ~ T M O C @ ~ ~ H O ~ 

OTBepCTAe B KpaHe IIyJIbTa 6ypAnbuA~a IIoT~~~oB~JIoc~ 6~ CJIAU- 

KOM MHOrO BpeMeHA. I(JI~II~H-~~~~RAHAK, ~cT~HoBJI~HHH~~ 

B HeIIOc- 

~EACTB~HHO~~ ~JIA~OCTN OT MY@TH, COKpaLUaeT BpeMR BbInJ'CKa 

AAH~HNR 

BHYTPA 

IIpeAyCMOTpeHa napOHNTOBaR ~ ~ O K J ~ A K ~ . KOpIIyCSt 

CKOJIb3NT 6onbruofi KJIaIIaH 5, IIOJIOCTb KOTOpOrO 3aKpHTa rafi~oii 

8. Mexny rafi~ofi A KJIanaHOM TaKXe npeAyCM0TpeHa IIapOHNTOBaR 

npoKnaAKa. B pacTosKe neBoro Topua 6onbruoro KnanaHa Haxonm- 

CR Pe3NHOBaR YnnOTHNTeJIbHaR ruafi6a 4. B IIOJIOCTU 6onbruore 

IinanaHa AslrraeTcR ~an~fi KnanaH 6, no ~apyx~ofi uunmApNse- 

CKOA IIOBePXHOCTN KOTOPOrO CAenaHH na3H AJIR IIpOXOAa BO3AyXa. 

B Kopnyce BoKpyr ruTyuepa npocsepneHH a~~0cQep~hl.e oTsep- 

CTNR 3. ~ P HanOJIHeHNN N 

UIHHHO-~H~BM~TW~~CKO~~ 

MY@TH B03AYX 

nocTynaeT B ruTyuep KPHUKN 7, npoxoAAT qepe3 OTBepcTHe 9 

B rafi~e 8, na3~ Manoro KnanaHa 6 A sepes oTsepcTAe 2 B neBoM 

Topue 6onbruoro KnanaHa 5 nocTynaeT B UITyuep Kopnyca. 

CXa~b~fi B03AYX MOr 6h1 IIo~~TN B ~TMOC@~~HH~ 

OTBepCTUR 3, 

HO IIOCKOJIhKy IIJIOUaAb CeqeHAR OTBePCTAR 9 MeHbIUe nnOuaAM 

Puc. XI.4. KJI~~~H-~~~~RAHHK 

CeqeHUR OTBePCTAR 2 A MeHbIlle CYMM~PHO~~ IIJIOUaAA CeseHUR OT- 

~epc~ufi 3, 06pa3ye~c~ noBHrueHHoe AasneHNe cnpasa OT KnanaHoB, 

IIepeABAraIOrrlee AX BJIeBO. PA 3TOM yIIJIOTHATeJIbHaR ruafi6a 4 

HanexHo nepeKpHsaeT a~~oc@ep~~e 

oTsepcTuR 3. 

Ecna ~eo6xona~o BhIKJIIOqATb MY@TY, 6 ~ p A n b U k npA i ~ nOMOUA 

KpaHa COeAAHReT BO3AyXOnpOBOA, ~enyukifi K MY@T~, C a~Moc@epofi. 

Aa~ne~ue cnesa OT KnanaHoB CTaHoswrcR BHrue, seM cnpasa, Man~fi 

pa3~~uh1 ~a~ne~ufi nepeMeuaeTcR 

KnanaH non nefic~~~e~ 

EfipaBO A IIepeKpHBaeT BHXOA B03AYXa B OTBepCTAe 9, TOrAa U 

6onbruofi KJIaIIaH OTXOAHT BneBO, OTKPHBaR BHXOA B03AYXY A3 no- 

JIOCTA MY@TH B OTBePCTHe 3. Ann IIOBHUeHAR A~HOCO~CTO~~~ABOCTN 

A 3aUNTH OT KOPP03NA IIOBePXHOCTb KOpIIyCa KPHUIKA A KJIanaHhl 

XPOMNPYIOTCR AJIA BHnonHRmTcR 143 ~epxasemueii cTans. 

I

AHaMeTp OTBePCTNR B IlInUHAeJIe 16 MM U paCC4UTaH Ha pa60~y 

npa AasneHuu no 1,2 MIIa npu sacToTe ~pa~qe~w~ mnuHAenR 

1000 O~/MUH. 

I(0pIIyc OAHOKaHaJIbHOrO BepTJIIOXKa 8 (~uc. XI.5, a) OIIUpaeT- 

CH Ha ABa IUapUKOBbIX IIOAUUnHUKa 7, yKpeIIJIeHHbIX Ha UnHHAeJIe 

9. nocnen~ufi MoxeT KpenuTbcR K TOPUY Bana npu noMoUu @na~- 

IIa UnU Ha pe3b6e (fin53 repMeTUsHOCTU yCTaHOBJIeH0 pe3UHOBOe 

KOnbUO 10). ~OAIUU~THUKU YAePXUBaIOTCR OT IlpOAOJIbHOrO IIepeMe- 

WeHUR Ha IUnuHAene pa3pe3HHM KOJIbUOM 6. 1< KOpnyCy BepTJIIOX- 

Ka ~ O ~ T ~ KpenUTCR M H KPbILUKa 1 CO IUTYqePOM 12 AJIR IIOACOeAH- 

HeHUR pe3UHOBOrO IUJIaHra BO~A~IUHO~~ MarUCTpaJIU. BHYTPU 

t 

I 

KPblIUKU ITOMeUaIOTCR YnnOTHWTeJIbHaR BTyJIKa 5, pe3NHOBOe YnJIOT- 

HUTeJlbHOe KOJIbUO 4, KOHYCHaR CTaJIbHaR waii6a 3 N npyXUHa 

2. ~oAI~IuIIHNKN CMa3bIBaIOTCR C lTOMOUbIO MaCJleHKU 11. 

C ~ a ~ b l B03AYX, f i IIOCTyIIaR B BepTJIIOXOK, AaBNT Ha pe3NHOBOe 

ynJI0THUTeJIbHOe KOnbUO 4 N BTYnKY 5, KOTOPaR llPUXUMaeTCR K 

TOpUy IUnUHAeJIR U CO3AaeT H~O~XOAUMO~ YnJIOTHeHUe MeXAy KOp- 

IXyCOM U BPaUaIOUUMCR IUIIUHAeJIeM. npy~ki~a 2 CnyXUT AJR 

COBA~HNR nep~o~asanb~oro AasneHuR Ha KOHYCHYIO maii6y 3, 

ynJlOTHUTeJIbHOe KOJIbUO 4 N BTYnKY 5, KOrAa B03AyX ewe He BKJIIO- 

seH. Unll~AeJIb 9 AOJlXeH UMeTb 3aKaJIeHHYIO N nOnNpOBaHHyIO 

TCPUOBYIO nOBePXHOCTb U B MeCTe COlTPRXeHUR C ~~JIoTHuT~JI~Ho~ 

BTY~KO~~ MUHUMaJIbHYIO Pa3HUUY B TOJluWHe CTeHOK. 

Y~JIoTHNT~JI~H~R BTyJIKa MOXeT 6bl~b N3rOTOBneHa N3 TeKCTOnuTa 

UnN AepeBa (Gepesa, ~y6, ~YK, JINna). A~~~BRHH~R 

BTynKa 

nonxaa 6b1~b npoBapeHa B MuHepanbHoM Macne B TeseHue 2 s npw 

TcMnepaType 90 "C AO nonHoro npeKpaueHuR ne~oo6pa3o~a~u~ 

B nPOTWBHOM CJIysae BTynKa 6yne~ BllUTbIBaTb BJIary U3 B03AyXa, 

P ~ ~ ~ Y X H 3aKJIUHeTCR ~ T , 

U BepTJIIOXOK IIOTepReT rePMeTU9HOCTb. 

BTY~KH, U3rOTOBJIeHHbIe U3 JUnbI, 6epe3b1, 6y~a, OANHaKOBO xopo- 

IUO ~ ~ ~ o T ~ ICO3AaIOT O T , ~eo6xo~u MYIO repMeTUY HOCTb U llpaKTU- 

YeCKN He N3HaIUUBaIOTCR. 

BO BTynKaX AenaeTCR CKOC, B ~0~0pbIfi nOA A ~ ~ ~ C T BCXaTOrO U ~ M 

BO3AyXa BAaBJIUBaeTCR pe3UHa ynnOTHNTenbHOr0 KOJlbUa, CO3naBaR 

6onbruy10 rePMeTNY HOCTb. I(p0~e TOrO, 3anpeCCOBaHHaR B KOHYC- 

HUG 3a30p pe3UHa JIysUe YAepXNBaeT BTYnKY OT lTPOBOPOTa. Pe- 

3UHa AOJIXHa 6bl~b M~CJOT~~JOCTO~~KO~~. I(0pnyc BepTJIIOXKa 

YAepXUBaeTCR OT llpOBOpOTa Pe3UHOBblM IUJlaHrOM, IIOABOARIqWM 

BOBAYX. 

An2 pa3AeJIbHOrO IIOABOAa CXaTOrO BO3AyXa K ABYM MY@T~M 

IIPUMeHReTCR TOPUOB~I~~ ABYXK~H~JI~H~I~~ 

BePTJIIOXOK (PNC. XI.5,6). 

OH UMeeT IUnUHAeJIb, COCTORI~U~~ N3 H~PYXHO~ ~py6bl 21 C OKHaMEI 

B U BHYTP~HH~~~ 22. BHYTP~HHRR T P Y ~ IIPUBaPeHa ~ 

K H~PYXHO~~, 

ki 06e 0Hl-i npUBapeHH K @na~uy 1. B~~TJIIOXOK ~OJIT~MU KpenUTCR 

K ~opqy ~pa~qa~~~qeroc~ sana. Tpy6b1 21 w 22 BepTnmxKa o6pa- 

3YIOT IIOJIOCTN A U 6, no KOTOPblM B03AYX IIOABOAUTCR K BpaIUaIOueMycs 

sany. 

Ha IUnuHAene, Ha nonruunHuKax 3 nocaXeH Kopnyc BepTnIOXKa 

2; MeXAy nOAIUUllHUKaMN YCTaHOBJIeHa PaCnOpHaR BTyJIKa 4. 

no~ruwn~u~u ynepxusamcn Ha mnuHnene npy~u~~ofi pa3pe3~0fi 

ruafi6ofi 6. Mex~y KOpnyCOM BepTJIOXKa H ~pblIU~0fi 9 YCTaHOBJIe- 

Ha @Uryp~aR TOpUOBaR uafi6a 7. AJIR rePMeTUgHOCTN MeXAY TOPuo~ofi 

1~afi6oR 7 u ~ p b l u ~ o9 f i ycTaHOBJIeHa npoKnaAKa 8. Ha 

IUnUHAeJIe HaXOARTCR yIIJlOTHNTeJIbHble TOpUOBble BTYJIKH 10 H 14, 

KOTOpbIe TOPUOBblMU nOBePXHOCTRMU lTPNXkiMaIOTCR COOTBeTCTBeHHO 

K TOPUOBbIM nOBePXHOCTRM ~ e ~ p a ~ a l O ~ mafi6~ 

e f i ~ R 7 U K KPblIUKe 

BepTnwxKa 15. nep~o~asanb~oe npuxaTue TOPUOBHX BTynoK 10

li 14 K ynJI0THHTeJIbHbIM IIOBepXHOCTRM OCyueCTBJIReTCR IIpyXki~ofi 

13, I I o M ~ ~ ~ H MeXAy H o ~ KOJIbUaMll 12. 

Mexny KOJIbUaMll 12 Ii TOPUOBbIMll BTYnKaMN 10 N 14 Ha UIIINH- 

Aenb HaAeTbI yIIJIOTHHTeJIbHbIe KOnbUa 11 Pi3 M~cJIoBo~oT~IIJIocTo~~- 

1~06 pe3PIHbI. ~TII KOJIbUa CO3naIOT repMeTHYH0CTb MeXny UIIINHfie- 

JIeM N TOPUOBbIMW ynnOTHNTeJIbHhlMB BTynKaMN. Bos~yx, IIOnaAaR 

qepe3 I I a ~ p y 6 0 nl ~ Ii OKHO B B IIOnOCTb E, AaBllT Ha TOPUOBJ'IO 

IIOBepXHOCTb KOJIeU 12 IIpHXHMaeT YnnOTHNTeJIbHbIe BTYJIKM 

K HeIIOABUXHhIM IIOBePXHOCTRM BepTJIIOXKa. B~opoe TOpUOBOe yn- 

JIOTHeHkie (IIoJIocT~ A) CO3naeTCR TOPUOBO~~ ~IIJIoTHBT~JI~Ho~~ BTyJI- 

~ofi 17, KoTopaR npnxnMaeTcR K ~opuy ~paua~oueroc~ runnHAenR. 

nep~o~asanb~oe npnxame BTynKn 17 co3~ae~c~ npy~n~oii 20. 

~ ~ P M ~ T U ~ HMeXny O C T ~ BHYTP~HH~~ ~ ~ ~ J I u H ~ P u IIOBePXHOCTbIO 

~ ~ c K o ~ ~ 

IiPbIUIKH 15 N BTYJIKO~~ 

17 CO3AaeTCR pe3NHOBblM KOJIbUOM 18. b3nyx 

B nonocTb A nocTynaeT sepes na~py60~ n2. 

BpaIqamuH~ncR 3J'IeMeHTaMli CnBOeHHOrO BepTJIIOXKa RBJIRIOT- 

CR: mnnanenb, npn~ape~~~fi K @na~uy I, ynnoTHnTenbHbIe ~opso- 

BbIe BTYJIKH 10 H 14, Pe3NHOBbIe KOJ'IbUa 11 N 12, IIpyXHHa 13. 

Oc~anb~bIe AeTaJIFi BepTJIfOXKa He BpauaIOTCR. Bo~~Yx, IIOnanaR 

sepe3 I I a ~ p y 6 0 n2 ~ B IIOJIOCTb A, naBllT Ha TOpeU KOJIbUa 19 Pi npn- 

XMMaeT TOPUOBYIO BTYJIKY K UIIIUHneJIIO. T

BUKJIIO'~~HHO~~ MY@T~ - coo61ue~a C ~TMOC@~PO~~. Bce saCTA CNCTe- 

MH IIHeBMaTN'IeCKOrO YIIpaBJIeHUR B 3~0fi CXeMe HaXOARTCR nOA 

nOCTORHHbIM AaBJIeHUeM. 

n p N CNCTeMe IINTaHNR C OTCeKaIOuNMN KJIaIIaHaMN KaMepa 

M~@TH coenmeHa c MarncTpanbm cxaToro ~os~yxa TonbKo B nepn- 

OA HanOJIHeHNR. B TeseHNe OCTaJIbHOrO BpeMeHN KaMepa Pi qaCTb 

~py6onpo~ona, HaxoARuerocR BO BpauamunxcR neTanrrx, oTceea- 

IoTCR OT BO~AYUIHO~? MarNCTpaJIIl CIIeqNaJIbHhIM KJIaIIaHOM. B COB- 

BpeMeHHbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX IIpNMeHReTCR TOJIbKO IIpRMOT09- 

HaR CNCTeMa IIHeBMaTN'ieCKOrO yllpaBJIeHNR. 

EoJIbUNe CKOPOCTN Ha IIOBePXHOCTRX TpeHHR YnJIOTHeHUR BepTnIoxKa 

11 O~~~JIOBJINB~IOT BbIneneHne Tenna u 6b1c~pb16 U ~HOC 

ynJIOTHRIO4UX sac~efi. ~ O ~ T O MnNaMeTphl Y 

YIIJIoTH~HN~~ BepTJIIOX- 

KOB AeJIaIOT B03MOXHO MeHbUIlMN ti CaJIbHNKOBbIe YnJIOTHeHIlR 

3llMeHRIOT TOPqeBbIMN BTYJIKaMN. 

np~ 3HasIlTeJIbHbIX PaCCTORHNRX MY@T OT YlTPaBJIRIOUerO YCTp0fic~Ba 

U 60JIbU0~ o6'be~e BO~AYUHO~~ KaMepbI nJIR YMeHbLLleHNR 

BpeMeHN Ha BbIKJIIOseHNe MY@TH I'IPNMeHRIOT lTPRMOT09HOe IINTa- 

HHe C ~ ~ I c T ~ o A ~ ~ ~ c T B ~ KJIanaHaMN-Pa3PRAHNKaMN, I O ~ N M 

KOTOPbIe 

YCTaHaBJINBaIOT B~JIu~N MY@TM NAN HeIIOCPenCTBeHHO Ha ~efi, 

B pe3ynb~a~e sero coKpauaeTcR nyTb ~osnyxa nplr ero BunycKe 

H YCKOPReTCR BbIKJIIOseHIle MY@TH. ~PNHRT~R B ~ ~ P O B ~ YCTaHOB- I X 

KaX IIPRMOTO'iHaR CNCTeMa nllTaHNR BO3AYXOM UNHHO-IIHeBMaTN9e- 

CKNX MY@T o~a3aaacb ~a~60nee npoc~ofi, BnonHe ~anex~ofi u 

LLlNpOKO IIpUMeHReTCR. 

B ~YPOBHX YCTaHOBKaX NCnOJIb3YIOTCR IIOpUHeBbIe KOMIIpeCCOpbl 

C IIPNBOAOM OT ~ J I ~ K T P o A B N ~ ~ lTePeMeHHOr0 T ~ J I ~ ~ ~ TOKa N KOHTPllPIl- 

BOAOM npki IIOMOIllU KJINHOP~M~HHO~~ lTepeAasN OT CNJIOBhIX nN3eJIb- 

HbIX arperaTOB. EypoBhIe YCTaHOBKN OCHalUaIOTCR KOMIIPeCCOPaMIl 

K-5M C nonasefi 5 M~/MHH, pa3BNBaIOUNMN ,4aBJIeHNe 0,8 Mlla, a 

TaKXe KOMnpeCCOpaMN BU-6/10 C IIo~asefi 10 M~/MHH, pa3BUBaIO- 

IUHMU AaBJIeHkie 1 Mlla. I

TpaHCMUCCNOHHOM BaJIy CNJIOBOrO arperaTa UJIN Ha ~IJCTPOXOAHOM 

BaJIy KOPO~KU CKO~OCT~~~. LUKUB~I COeANHRIOTCR KJINHOBblMU PeM- 

HRMU npo@NJIR B N 3aKPbIBaIOTCR O ~ ~ I I M 3aUNTHbIM KOXYXOM. 

Pa6o~a KOMII~~CCO~HO~~ CTaHuNN 6e3 3aUNTHbIX KOXYXOB He pasperuaeTcR. 

Yo~npeccop . . . . . . . . . . K-5M BrU-6/10 

Twn . . . . . . . . . , . , . nopUJHeBofi, BepTPiKaJIbHbIii, nBq'xpnA- 

HH~, A B Y C T Y ~ ~ H OAHOCTOpOHHerO 

~ ~ T ~ I ~ 

Pacnonome~ue qunuHnpoB . . . . . 

Oxnamne~ue . . . . . . . . . . 

qwcno qnnu~npo~: 

nep~oii cTyneHu cmaTan . . . . . 

BTOPOR B B . . . . . 

AUaMeTp UUJlPiHApa, MM: 

nepB0fi CTyneHM CXaTuR . . . . . 

BTOPOR n B . . . . . 

4nw~a xona nopmm, MM . . . . . 

nep~oii CTyneHH CXaTPin . . . . . 

~~opofi B B . . . . . 

TeMIIepa~ypa ~oanyxa nocne BTOPOA 

CTyneHu (npw TeMnepaType BcacHBac- 

MOrO ~03nyxa 20°C), OC . . . . . 

~ O T ~ ~ ~ J I H ~ M ~ H 

MOmHOCTb Ha Bany KOM- 

npeCCOpa IIpu HOMKHanbHOM fiaBJleHHIi 

CX~TWR, TeMnepaType BcacblsaeMoro 

BO3nyXa 20°C Pi 730 O~/MUH, KBT . . 33 38-43,3 

KjranaHb1 . . . . . . . . . . . C~MOA~~~CTB~I~- fleHTo~Hb1e, CaMOmne, 

6ecnpy- npyxuenuae 

XHHHbIe, neH- 

TOgHbIe 

Bap6o~am~a~ ~upeynnqao~~a~ 

no& AaenesueM OT 

MaCJlRHOrO HaCOCa 

Te~nepa~ypa Macna B KapTepe, "C . .

IIaR CO c~pyefi BO3Ayxa B KOHAeHCaTOp qepe3 OnHH H3 IIITyQepOB, 

ynapRmTcR o neperoponKy H ocaxnaIoTcR Ha ~ H O cocyna, oTKyna 

YAaJIRIoTCR Yepe3 cJIHBHo~~ KpaH. 

npu 3KCnJIyaTaQHH ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK B pafio~ax C 60nbmofi 

BJIaXHOCTbIO H HU3KUMH TeMnepaTypaMH BO3HyXa B BO3nyXOnpOBO- 

Jl@ YCTaHaBJIUBaIOT ~ C T ~ O ~ ~ nJIR C TOCyIIIKU B ~ BOsnyXa, npenCTaBnRIo- 

LUHe co6ofi KOMIIJIeKC I43 WeJIeBbIX, UNKJIOHHbIX HJH BUHTOBbIX CU- 

CTeM H COCynOB C ~ ~ C O ~ ~ ~ HB T KaYeCTBe O M . ancop6e~~a UCnOJIb3yelcR 

B OCHOBHOM cr,inHKareab, cnoco6~b1fi nornomaTb napbI Bonq 

Iqne lc - nnma cBequ, M. 

Pacxon cxaloro ~osnyxa Ha cnycK on~oIYi csew 

He BCTynaR C HHMH B XHMHYeCKYIO PeaKQUIo. QHJIbTp B BO3JyXOnpO- 

Bone nOMeWaeTCR nepeH KPaHOM MaUIHHHCTa. @uJIbTp COCTOHT H3 

Kopnyca H KP~IUIKH, 06pa3ym~~x ~OJIOCT~, H ~ ~ U T Y cnerKa I ~ npo- 

M ~ C J ~ H HKaHHTeJbIo. O ~ ~ 

H a 6 1 l ~ ~ @unbTpa a IIOMeWeHa MeXl

Am KoMnpeccopa K-5M ~pOM3BOAUTeJbHOCTb QK@=5 M3/MkiH, 

'IeCKaR 'IaCTOTa BKJIIO'I~HN~ 

YB = 30QK/QKa= 30.3,79/5 = 22,75, 

TOrAa @~KTH- 

T. e. OKOJIO 23 B~JIlose~~lfi B 1 'f. 

M c x o ~ u3 ~ nonyseHHoro pacxofia ~oafiyxa, sb16upae~ AJIR Hamero CJIyYaR 

ABa KOMnpeCCOpa C n0Qa'Ieh It0 5 M3/MkiH, Ei3 KOTOPbIX OAWH pe3epBHb1h. 

n p e M e p XI.2. O n p e ~ e n a ~ o6ae~ b ~oa,nyxoc6op~~~a, ecnu ABB~CTHO: 

R -- ra3OBaR nOCTORHHaR (AJIR BO3A)'Xa R=287 Ax/~r.Oc) ; T - a6~0nmTHaR TeMnepaTypa BO3AyXa (T=273+t, npEiHEiMaeM f=2O0C, TOrAa T=293 "C); pmax= 

= 0,9 Mna - ~ a&f6onbruee AaeneHue B BO~A~XOC~O~HE~K~; pmi,,=0,7 Mna - Hau- 

MeHbruee &amease ~ospyxa, npu KOTOPOM BKnmqaeTcR Ko~lnpeccop. Pacxon 

BO3,T)'Xa VM=~ M3/MFiH npIi p=0,1 Mna. 

Peme~~e. 

He06Xo~Ei~b1h o6ae~ BO~,&YXOC~OPHE~I;~, o 6 e c n e ~ u ~ a m ~ HOpMaJIbHYH) u h pa60- 

TY nAeBMaTN'IeCKOr0 YnpaBJIeHEiR 

V = GRTl(~max - ~min) 

9 5. CHCTEMA IlHEBMATHqECYOrO YnPABJIEHUR 6YPOBOB 

YCTAHOBKOB 

CUCT~M~I IIHeBMaTUrIeCKOrO YIIPaBneHUR ~YPOBHMU YCTaHOBKaMU 

vano oTnucraroTcR npyr OT npyra. 

B 3TUX CMCTeMaX UCIIOJlb3YKITCR OAHH II Te Xe 3neMeHTb1, XOPOmo 

O T ~ ~ ~ O T ~ PI HnposepeHHue H H ~ 

B npouecce sKcnnyaTaquu. P~CCMOT~HM 

CXeMy IIHeBMaTMseCKOrO YnpaBneHMR nofl'be~~ofi 

CHCT~MO~~ 6yp0~0fi YCT~HOBKO~~ IIpU CnO (~UC. XI.8). ~ U T ~ H H ~ 

CUCTeMhl CXaTbIM B03AYXOM OCYIIleCTBJIReTCR OT KOM~P~CCOPHO~~ 

YCTaHOBKU, COCTORIU~~~ U3 ABYX KOMnpeCCOPHblX CT~HUU~~, B KOTOPO~~ 

OnUH KOMIIpeCCOp TMna I(-5M IIpMBOflUTCR 3neKTpOnpUBOAOM, a BTOp06 

- OT TPaHCMHCCIlM ZIepe3 KOHTPIIPNBOA.

K B~IW~YHO-JI~~~AOYHOM~ 6no~y cxa~blfi BO3AyX nocTynaeT no 

T ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ Oa, B6 OH A 8 ~ OT M BO~AYXOC~OPHHK~ r1epe3 MaCnooTAenki- 

Tenb N pa3rpy3o~~oe YCTPO~~CTBO K YeTHpexKnanaHHblM KpaHaM I. 

OANH I13 3TNX KpaHOB CJIYXUT AJIR J'npaBJIeHMR IlIHHHO-IIHeBMaTHYe- 

CKkiMU MY@T~MII A H b nPHBOAa 6apa6a~a 

ne6en~s En, B ~o~opb~fi 

BO~AYX nocTynaeT sepes pacnpenenwenb 3. np~ 6ype~Nli BKnIoue- 

Hue PerynRTOpa IIOAaYN Pna OCyWeCTBJIReTCR IIPYXAHHbIM IIHeB- 

MOUNJlNHApOM 4, a yIIpaBJleHHe POTOPOM - AByXKJanaHHbIM Kpa- 

HOM 2 IIyTeM BKnIoYeHNR WMHHO-IIH~BM~THY~CKO~~ MY@T~I 7. n~e~- 

MaTMYeCKUM KJlHHOBbIM 3aXBaTOM yIIpaBJIRIoT C IIOMOWbH) KpaHa 11 

c HOXH~IM ynpasneHMeM. 

TOPMOB 6apa6aaa ne6en~u En BKnIoqaeTcR perynepyeMbm 

IIHeBMaTHYeCKHM KPaHOM 12, ynpaBJIRIoWNM UHJIHHAPOM 10 IlpHBO- 

Aa TOPMO3a JIe6e~~ki. Ynpa~JIe~Lie IIHeBMaTNYeCKHMA UNJIUHApaMH 

KOMnJIeKCa ACn OCyWeCTBJlReTCR KpaHaMH 14, PaCIIOJIOXeHHbIMN 

Ha nOCTy 6ypNJ'Ib~H~a. T ~ M Xe HaXOARTCR KPaHbI YIIpaBJIeHlrR 

llHeBMOpaCKpenMTeJlR 8, A B ~ x K J I ~ ~ ~ KpaH H H ~ I 9, ~ ~ ynpa~JIRI0WHfi 

MeXaHMqeCKUM KJIIoYOM MK. Knm AKE-3M2 5 YnpaBJIReTCR 

C IIOMOWbIo paCnpeAeJIUTeJ'IR 6. ABYXKJI~~~HH~I~ 

KPaHbI 13 CBR3aHbI 

C ~UJIHHApOM 10 TOPMO3a Pi MY@TO~~ A ~ B ~ P C I ~ H IIPNBOAOM ~ I M OT 

nPOTUB03aTaCKNBaTeJIH TaneBOrO ~ J O K ~ IIPOH3BOARI4HM , 

aBTOMaTM- 

YeCKOe TOpMOXeHHe H OTKnIorIeHNe 6apa6a~a J I ~ ~ ~ A KEn H IIpM 

3aTaCKHBaHUH TaneBOrO 6no~a Ha KPOH~JIOK. 

11 

nJ'Jlb~b1 ~~PCIJI~WUK~ AOBOJbHO OAHOTMnHbI (PNC. XI.9) H CO- 

CTOXT M3 CBaPHOrO XeJIe3HOrO KOpIIyCa B BMAe IlI~a@a C H~KJIOHHO~~ 

IIaHeJIbH, N ~OPA~OHT~JI~HO~ IIOACTaBKN. PHAOM C 3THM IIIK~~oM 

PaCnOJaraIOT TOPMO~HO~? PbIYar JIeHTOqHOrO TOPM03a J I ~ ~ ~ A Ka H , 

B HeKOTOPbIX J'CTaHOBKaX pbIqar IIHeBMOynpaBJIeHNR 3TNM TOPMO- 

OM. Ha nynbTe pacnonoxeso 20 ynpaBnrrrowux opraHoB H 16 cnr- 

~azr~aupymu~x YCTPO~~CTB. 

Ha B ~ ~ T N K ~ J I IIa;l€!JIM ~ H o ~ CMOHTMPOBaHbI ~ 

AeBRTb JIaMnOYeK, CUT- 

HaJN3NpyIo~NX 0 BKJIIoYeHAA MY@T J I ~ ~ ~ A1 KPI M 2 M BCnOMOraTeJIb- 

HOrO TOPMO3a e?; 0 HaJIHYAH AaBJleHNR BO3AyXa B CMCTeMe 4; pe3epB 

5; 0 nycKe B pa60~y POTOpa 6, Pna 7, ~YPOB~IX HaCOCOB 8 ki 9. 

Ha 3~06 xe naHenn ycTaHoBnem zIeTbIpe aMnepMeTpa 10-13 

H AeBRTb yHNBepCaJIbHbIX nepe~JIIo~a~eJlefi: BKJIIoqeHNe CnyCKa KO- 

JIOHHbI 14; ~b16opa MY@T 15; BKJIlOYeHMe Pna 16; 3auNTbI ne6e~~ki 

B ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBKaX IIPMMeHRIoT pa3JIHqHhIe arperaTbI H Me- 

17; BKJIIoYeHHe KOMnpeCCOpOB 18; BKJIIoYeHNe M CHRTEIe CHrHaJIa 19; 

XaHU3MbI. an~ ynpaBJIeHMR MMM MCnOJIb3YIOT YCTPO~CTB~, BKJIEOYa- 

~b16opa PeXNMa pa60~bl 20; a~apHfi~or0 BbIKJIIoYeHHR HaCOCOB 23; 

muvie ruTypsanH, PYKORTKM, pmarn, nepeKnIoqaTenu, KoMaHno- 

11 OTKJIIoYeHNR BBOAOB 25. Kpo~e TOrO, HaXOARTCR nepeKJII0YaTeJIll 

KOHTpOJlJIepbI, KHOIIKN, IIPMBOAFIWMe B A ~ ~ C T BCMCTeMbI N ~ YnpaBJIe- 

YCT~O~~CTB~ AJIR YnpaBJIeHIlR Pna 21 Pi OXJlaXAeHNR TOPMO3a 24, 

HUR: IIHeBMaTUYeCKNe, 3neKTPMrIeCKUe Ii MeXaHMqeCKNe. C N C T ~ M ~ a TaKXe yKa3aTeJIb qaCTOTb1 BpaWeHNR POTOpa 22. 

06pa~~ofi CBR3H O~OPYAYC?TCFI KOHTpOnbHbIMU npN60pa~H C uH@ep- 

Ha ~OPII~OHT~JI~HO~~ IIaHeJlH pa3MeueHbI TPM MaHOMeTpa @NK- 

~J'I~T~MN, CUrHaJlbHbIMH JIaMnOYKaMB U APYrNMM YKa3bIBaH)WHMH 

CHpyIoWNe: AaBJIeHMe CXaTOrO BO3AyXa B CeTM 29, AaBJIeHNe B IlINH- 

YCT~O~~CTB~MII, UH@OPMNPJ'~O~AMU OnepaTOpa 06 MCnOJIHeHNM KO- 

HO-IIH~BM~TN~~CKO~~ MY@T~ 6apa6a~a ne6en~u 28 AaBJIeHNe B 

MaHEbI HJIH PeXNMa pa60~b1. 

TOPMO3HOM UHJIMHfipe 36; TPH YeTbIPeXKJIanaHHbIX KpaHa AJIH BKJIIo- 

Bce 3TH YCTPO~CTB~ AJIR YAO~CTB~ Ii 06ecnese~u~ OnepaTNBHO- 

rIeHNR M~@T~I: IIpMBOAa J I ~ ~ ~ A30, K M CoeAMHRIoWero Ban 6apa6a~a 

CTH YnPaBJIeHHR COCPeAOTOYeHbI Ha HeCKOJIbKNX nyJIbTaX YnpaBJIe- 

C Knn HnH C PnH 31, N CKOPOCT~~~ 33 H cur- 

HNR. ,QnR yno6c~~a KOHTPOJIR M H~~JIEOA~HIIR 3a PeXNMOM BbInOJI- 

HanbHaR naMnoqKa 32. Ha 3~0fi He naHenH pa3~e~e~b1 ma KO- 

HeHNR TeXHOnOrNYeCKNX 0IlepaIiNfi H 06ecne~e~u~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ C H O C T H MaHnoKowrponnepa: ynpasneHMR npmoAoM J I ~ ~ ~ A26 K H ynpasnep260~b1 

nepcoHana nynbTb1 ynpasneHuR M naHenu pacnonaram B 

HNR 3JleKTpOTOPM030M n e 6 e 27. ~ ~ Ha ~ ~OKOBO~~ IIaHeJIN CMOHTNPO- 

)'AO~HHX MeCTaX AJIR OnepaTNBHOrO YnpaBJleHHR N H~~JII~A~HHR 

RaHa PYKORTKa 34 ynpaBJIeHNR TOPMO3HbIM KPaHOM 35 JIeHTOYIIOrO 

I 

3a pa60~ofi arperaToB H MeXaHM3MOB 6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKH. 

TOpMO3a JI~~~AKII. 

EoJIbIIIaR YaCTb OpraHOB YnpaBneHHR COCpeAOTOYeHa Ha YpOBHe 

Bce OpraHbI YnpaBJIeHNR Pi np~60pb1 KOHTPOJIR paCnOJIOXeHb1 

r:ona 6yp0~0ii ~ 6 n c 1 3 PoTOpa, ~ me pa60~ae~ 6~pNJlbl4N~. ~ T OP- N 

TaK, YT0 6J'pPinbWN~ MOXeT YnPaBJIRTb IIPOUeCCOM 6ype~HR H KOHTram 

pacnonoxeHM Ha HecKonbKHx nynbTax y ynpasnReMbIx arpe- 

POJIApOBaTb er0 He MeHRR ~~0efi pa6osefi n03bI. 

I'aTOB. 3flecb HaXOARTCR nyJIbTbI YIIpaBJIeHHR: 6yp~JIbqki~a - POTO- 

nyJIb~bI AM3eJlNCTa, YnPaBJIeHNR KJIEOYOM AKE HJIH ACn H APY- 

FOM Ii ne6e~Kofi; KJIIoqOM Tuna AKE-3M; B C ~ O M O ~ ~ T ~ J I ~ H O ~ ~ rHe KoHCTPYKTHBHO nOXOXN Ha IIyJIbT 6ypnJIbIUN~a, HO MMeIoT BCero 

HeCKOJIbKO OpraHOB ynpaBJIeHNR Pi KOHTPOJlbHbIX npu60po~.

9 7. CHCTEMA YnPABnEHHR OEOPYAOBAHHEM 

rEPMETH3AUHH YCTbR CKBAXHHbI 

06opyflosa~ue AJIR repMeTPi3aUHki YCTbR CKBaXNHbI CJIYXIIT AJIR 

~ ~ I C T ~ nepeKpbITHR O ~ O er0 B CJlyYaRX ra30np0RBneH~fi B CKBaXM- 

He, a TaKxe AnR ynpasneHm AasneHkieM B npouecce 6ype~u~. 

~ P ra30npORBJIeHURX M 

BH~POC H@TU UJIB r838 HasUHaeTCR OseHb 

1 

I 

~HCTPO N IIPOTeKaeT HHTeHCUBHO, YTO MOXeT IIpliBeCTM K ru6enu 

CKBaXBHbI, O~OPYAOB~HIIR Pi 3aTPR3HeHNH) O K P Y X ~ I O CpeAbI. ~ ~ ~ ~ 

Onepa~u~~oe nuc~a~uwo~~oe ynpasne~ue npe~e~~opa~u u 3a- 

ABuxKaMu npe~~as~ase~o AnR rep~e~n3auuu YCT~R CKBaxIIHbI, ee 

Pa3PRAKU, BOCCTaHOBJIeHHR UNPKYJIRUUU, C03AaHNFI AaBJIeHIlR Ha 

IInaCT, er0 peryJIMpOBaHAR U 3aKaqKM PaCTBOPa npki IIpORBJIeIIHRX. 

~ P IIOMOwH M O ~ O P ~ A O B ~ AJIR I ~ ~ repMeTU3aUkiki R 

YCTbR BbInOJI- 

HRIOT cneaymque onepauuki: 

rep~e~mauum YCT~R CKBaxuHbI npu Hanusuu unu OTC~TCTBAH 

B ~efi 6ypu~bHofi KOfiOHHbI; 

pacxaxusaHue M npoBopasnBaHue (npu BpawaroweMcn npeserj- 

Tope) 6yp~nb~ofi KOJIOHHbI npki repMeTH3HpOBaHHOM YCTbe CKBaXN- 

ee npuxsaToB; 

BOCCTaHOBJIeHHe UUPKYJlRUkiM ~POM~IBOYHO~~ XIIAKOCTM C npOTki- 

HH BO u36exa~11e 

BOAaBneHMeM Ha nJIaCT; 

I 6b1c~poe CHkiXeHkie AaBJIeHMR B CKBaXkiHe; 

3aKaYKy 6yp0~0i-0 PaCTBOpa LIepe3 3a~py6~0e IIpOCTpaHCTBO 

AJIR C03AaHNR 06pa~Hofi UAPKYJIRUIIM; 

noAAepXaHue Ha 3a6oe paBHOBeCHOr0 AaBfleHklR npu 6ype~uu. 

Cuc~e~a ynpaBnesuR paccsuTaHa Ha pa60~y B wmepsane TeM- 

IIepaTyp OT 50 A0 -40 "C ki AOJIXHa A ~ ~ ~ C T B OHaAeXHO B ~ T ~ U ~~ICTpo. 

fln~ 3~oi-0, HanpuMep, ynpaBneHue nnamewblMu npeseHTopaMu 

BbInOJIHReTCR pe3ePBMPOBaHHbIM: rHApaBJIPiYeCKOe AkiCTaHukiOH- 

Hoe- c nocTa ~ Y ~ H J I ~ Wu H K pyseoe ~ - co ruTypsanaMu, pacnono- 

XeHHbIMU Ha YPOBHe 3eMJIki Ha PaCCTORHUki 10-15 M OT YCTbR. 

Ha puc. XI.10 npuseneHa cxeMa ynpasneHnR 060pyno~a~ue~ 

AJIR repMeTH3aukiH YCTbR CKBaXBHbI 7. 060py~0~aHkie HpeACTaBJIe- 

I HO YHUBePCanbHbIM 2 11 OAHAM IlJH HeCKOJIbKkiMki IIJIaUleYHbIMki 

3 npeBeHTOpaMI4, a TaKXe CHCT~MO~~ MX O~BR~KM. 

Ynpasne~ue npeBeHTopaMu pe3ep~uposa~0, AnR Yero uMeIoTcR 

no nna Imypsana ynpasneHuR 4 KaxAbIM nnaruesHbIM npesewo- 

POM, ~B~fiHafl CkiCTeMa AHCTaHuUOHHOrO rUApOnHeBMaTPiYeCKOr0 

yIIpaBneHkiR: C IIyJIbTa 6yp~JIbwki~a 1 ki OCHOBHOrO IIyJIbTa 6. C~TIIX 

nyJIbTOB OCyweCTBJReTCR ANCTaHuUOHHOe YnpaBJleHMe nnaUIeYHbIMll 

N YHUBePCanbHbIM npeBeHTOpaMki. 3a~py6~0e npOCTpaHCTB0 CKBa- 

XUHbI CBR3aHO CACT~MO~~ T ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ OC B~ JO O~ K O~ MB flpOCCenkipOBa- 

M 

HNR 5 ki rJIyIIJeHAR 8. Tpy6onpo~onb1 IIepeKpbIBaIOT 3aABkiXKaMU 

c PY~H~IM ynpaBneaueM.

Pa6o~a~ XPinKOCTb B ~ N ~ ~ O C U C T . ~ M ~ 

Macno w-10 

rrocT 6794-75) 

~acno 

(+15+ 

BM~CTNMOCT~ MaCJlTIRHOrO 6a~a, M3 . 0,2 

np~Me~ReMhIfi B aKKYMYJIRTOpe ra3 . A301 

Aa~ne~rue aso~a B aKKyMymTope npw sanon~e~wa, Mna 6-6,5 

06xe~ aKKyMyJIRTOpa rH~pOnpHBOna C ~ C T ~ H O B ~ ~ AHa- H H O ~ ~ 

apar~ofi, M~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,168 

06xe~ Macna B aKKyMynRTope npu AasneHww B cwcTeMe 

10 Mna, M~ . . . . . . . . 0,068 

nonasa ~acoca HUI-'IO~, ~~106 . . . . . . . 0,01 

Onepa~x~~oe 

ANCT~HUNOHHO~ ynpaBneHNe npeseHTopaMll w 3a~- 

BNXKaMN ~a~ki@oJIb~a OCyIUeCTBJIReTCR PNApaBJINseCKNM npNBOAOM 

C ABYX B3aNMHO C~~OKNPOB~HH~IX IIynbTOB: OCHOBHOPO Pi BHIOMO Pa- 

~enb~oro. Cxe~a ranpa~n~seceoro - ynpasneHwR paccswlaHa Ha 

ANCTaHUNOHHOe YnpaBJIeHNe TPeMR nJIaIIIesHbIMW IIpeBeiiTOpa3fM, 

OAHNM YHllBePCaJIbHbIM N ABYMR 3aABNXKaMN M~HW@OJI~A~. 

OCHOBHO~~ nynm (PNC. XI. I I) npe~~a3~ase~ AnR ynpasneHwR 

IlpeBeHTOpaMH N 3aABUXKaMH C 6e30nac~oro MeCTa BHe ~YPOBO~~. 

F OCHOBHO~~ IIynbT BXOART: lrrec~epeHHb1fi HaCOC 9 C 3JIeKTpOABIlPa- 

TEJIeM 8, ~ J I ~ K T ~ o o ~ o ~ ~ A7, o B pysH0fi ~ H N ~ HaCOC 12, PNApanHeBma- 

~kise~~kffi lrrap0~0fi ~Na@paP~eH~bIfi aKKYMYJIRTOP 11, M~cJIRHH~~ 

5 c PyKoRTKaMW ynpaBneHuR 2 1.1 4, 

6 a 6, ~ pacnpenen~~enefi 6no~ 

@anb~pa 14, npe~oxpa~~~~enb~~fi 

10 w o6pa~~b1W 15 hnanambl. 

Bee 3neMeHTbI CMOHTNPOBaHbI Ha o64efi PaMe 13 N IIpeACraBJIRIoT 

co60fi KOMII~~KTH~I~~ ~paHcIIop~a6enb~b1fi 6~0~. 

Q~~KT~oABEIP~T~JI~ IIpNBOAa HaCOCa NMeeT aBTOMaPNseC KOe 

JIeHNR CnYXNT M ~ H O M ~ 1. T ~ 

C OCHOBHOrO IIynbTa MOXHO OTKPbIBaTb N 3aKPbIBaTb l'IJIaLUe9- 

HbIe IIpeBeHTOpbI H 3aABNXKN. YHki~ep~aJIb~b~fi IIpeBeHTOpC OCHOB- 

HOPO IIyJIbTa MOlKHO TOJIbKO 3aKPbIBaTb. PacIIpe~eJIki~eJIb OCHOBHO- 

PO IIyJIbTa, ynpa~JIRIoI4Nfi YHllBepCaJIbHbIM IIpeBeHTOpOM, IIOHaeT 

MaCJIO B ~ ~ O K N P O B O ~ UNJINHAP H ~ I ~ ~ COOTB~TCTBYIOIU~~~ PYKORTKN PaC- 

IIpeAeJINTeJIR Ha BCnOMOPaTenbHOM IIynbTe N IIepeBOANT te B no- 

JOXeHNe -IIpeBeHTOp 3aKpbIBaeTCR. ~JIOKU]OBO~PIH% 

UkInkIHAP - OAHOCTOPOHIlePO A~~~CTBWR, II03TOMY 3aKpbI~b1fi C OCHOBhOP0 

IIyJIbTa yHN~epcaJIbHbIfi IIpeBeHTOp OTKPbITb CO BCn0110PaTeJIb- 

HOPO nYJIbTa HeB03MOXHO. YnpaBJIeHkIR yHNBepCaJIb!bIM ripe- 

FeHTOPOM CO BCnOMOraTeJbHOPO IIyJTbTa H~O~XOANMO IIepeBeCTM 

PYKORTKY pacnpeAenNTenR ocHoBHoro nynbTa B nonoxemae ~

~ U A ~ O ~ H ~ B M ~ T aKKYMYJIRTOp U ~ ~ C K U ~ ~ Ha IIyJlbTe CJIyXkiT AAR 

o6ecnese~u~ CUCTeMbI YnpaBJeHNR IIpeBeHTOpaMPi H~O~XOAP~M~ 

sanaco~ sHeprPiu u 6b1crporo wx npuseAeHnR B neiic~sne (10- 

15 c). ~ O ~ T O MB Y aKKYMYJIRTOP IIOAaeTCR MaCJIO nOA AaBJIeHkIeM A0 

10 Mna npu noMown ruecTepeHHoro Hacoca 9, a npu oTKnmqeHMw 

3JIeKTpO3HeprkiPi - PYYHbIM HaCOCOM 12. 

BHYTPM mapoBoro cocyna aKKyMynRTopa pa3~ewae~c~ ma@pama, 

pa3nen~mwa~ pa6osym XHAKOCT~ (~acno) OT rasa (aso- 

~ a , ) CJIyXaWerO IIH~BM~TU~I~CKO~~ 

IIPYXHHO~~ AJIR IIOAAepXaHMH 

H~O~XOAP~MO~O AaBJIeHNR AJR IIpIlBeAeHllR B A ~ ~ ~ C TIIpeBeHTOpOB. B N ~ 

Bcno~ora~eJIb~b~fi IIyJIbT IIpeAHa3HaseH AJIR YIIpaBneHIlR ripe- 

B ~ H T O ~ HYCT~HOBKO~~ O ~ ~ 

HenOCpeACTBeHHO C pa6osero MeCTa 64'- 

PkiJIbwPiKa. C 3TOTO IIyJIbTa MOXHO 3aKPbIBaTb IIJIaUeqHbIe IIpeBeH- 

TOPbI, OTKPbIBaTb pa6oqym 3aABNXKY 

OTKPbIBaTb ~~~BepcaJIb~bIfi IIpeBeHTOp. 

M~HII@OJ~~A~, 3aKPbIBaTb Pi 

Macno OT OCHOBHOrO IIyJIbTa IIOCTyIIaeT B HarHeTaTeJIbHyIo JIM- 

E U perynupymwero ~ 

KnanaHa n oAHoro 143 pacnpe~enn~enefi. Pac- 

npeAenwTenu, ynpaBnRmwue nnaruesHbIMu npeBeHTopaMu w 3a- 

QBUXKO~~ M ~ H u @ o ~ ~ IIOAaIoT A ~ , MaCJIO B ~JIOKNPOBO~H~I~ UIlJIIlHAPbI 

cooTseTcTBymwnx pacnpenenu~enei3 Ha OCHOBHOM nynbTe, 6narona- 

PR qeMY IIPeBeHTOpbI 3aKpbIBaIOTCR Pi 3aABPiXKPi OTKPbIBamTCR. 

Pacnpe~enw~enb, ynpa~n~rowufi yHnsepcanbHbIM npeseHTopoM, 

nuTaeTcR ~epe3 perynupyrowuii KnanaH, B pe3ynb~a~e ~ T O ~ B O YHH- 

BepcanbHb~fi IIpeBeHTOp IIOAaeTCR nm6oe B 3aBllCUMOCTEI OT H~CTPOG- 

Ka KnanaHa AasneHue OT 0 no 10 Mna. B~JIH~IMH~ nasneHwR 

OTMerIaeTCR Ha MaHOMeTpe. 

B CJlyYae B03paCTaHUR AaBJIeHPiR B 3anop~ofi KaMepe YHPiBepcanbHoro 

npesewopa (npu pacxaxusaHun 6ypkinb~ofi KonoHHbI 

nnu ee npo~ac~wsa~uu) sbrrue oTperynwposaHHoro Ha KnanaHe as- 

BHTO~HO~ KonuqecTBo Macna qepes @unb~p nonaAaeT B pacnpenenPiTenb, 

nanee B perynupymwufi KnanaH, 3 a ~ c6pac~~ae~cR 

e ~ 

Ha 

CJMB. B IIpO~eCCe CnuBa HarHeTaTenbHaR JIIlHNR rNAPOYnPaBJeHNR 

aBTOMaTNrIeCKPi OTCeKaeTCR. npn IIaAeHNN AaBneHPiR B 3anop~ofi 

KaMepe yHPisepcanbHoro npesewopa Haxe oTperynPipoaaHHoro Ha 

linanaHe HeAocTamwee KonusecTBo Macna nocTynaeT OT ranpoynpasneHuR 

sepes perynupyrowwfi KnanaH u pacnpenenmenb. 

Ann ~op~anb~oii pa60~b1 perynupymwero KnanaHa AasneHPie 

B HarHeTaTeJbHOM ~py60npo~o~e AOnXHO 6b1~b 10 Mna. npEI no- 

Aaqe MaCJa B HarHeTaTenbHYIO JI14HPiIO n0AAa~neHNeM BblUe 10 Mna 

sacm ero c6pacbrsae~c~ qepe3 KnanaH B 6a~. 3 ~ npuBonuT o 

K qa- 

C-IOMY BKnroqeHwm ruecTepeHHoro Hacoca H ~HCTPOMY BHXOAY ero 

U3 CTPOR. ~ P IIOAarIe N MaCna IIOA AaBJIeHMeM HNXe 10 Mna B Har- 

HeTaTenbHym nPiHnm perynupyrowero KnanaHa B nposecce npo- 

TaCKUBaHPiR ~py6 sepe3 IIpeBeHTOp W~~HTOK MaCJIa C ~ ~ ~ C ~ I B 

He 6yne~, qT0 npUBOAkiT K IIOBbIllreHHOMy Pi3HOCY W BbIXOAY Pi3 CTPOR 

ynnoTHaTenR yHusepcanbHoro npeBeaTopa. 

~ T

Puc. XI.12. Cxe~a ranpaBnuseceoro ynpaBneHuR o60pyno~a~ue~ ann repMeTu- 

33UUFi YCTbR CKBaXNHbl: 

I - pacnpenenwTenb; 2 - MaHoMeTp; 3 - 6nO~wpo~OqHb119 qnnawnp; 4 H 13 - semwnw Macna 

H aso~a; 5 - pyq~o19 Hacoc; 6 - hlacnflnbtll (PH~~TP; 7 w 8 - KnanaHe.1 npeAoxpaHwTenb~ufi 

H 06paT~btR; 9 - 3JleKTpOnBWI'aTenb; 10 - ~acnflHbIA HaCOC; 11 - KpaH 12 - M ~CJIOC~O~HXK' 

I - ynpasnseMbre sanBHxKw; II - y~Hnepcanb~blfi npeaewrop; III - nnarues~b~e npeae~~ophlf 

IV - scnovora~enbHblB nynbT; V - ~acnn~blfi 68~; VI - OCHOBHOB ny.16~; VII - rwapanna- 

'JecKEih aKKyMyJlflTOp 

Hepen nycKoM B 3~cnnya~auum CucTeMa OnpeccoBbIBaeTcR no& 

AaBJeHPieM B 1,5 pa3a BbIUe pa60~e1-0. 

npeu~yuec~~o npesemopa c runpasnusecKuM ynpasneHueM - 

NX ~ ~ I C T ~ O A ~ ~ ~ T~K, C T B Ha U ~ . 3aKpbITUe IIJIaILIeYHOTO npeBeHTopa 

HnT-210-35 sa~pa~usae~c~~ He 6onee 10 c, a npu pys~o~ cnoco- 

6e - OKOJIO 70 C. IIM 

npeseHTopaMu. 

JIeHUR. 

7. Cxe~a u nefic~~ue perynnpymuero KpaHa neHTosHoro ~op~osa 6ypo~ok 

ne6en~u. 

K O M I I ~ ~ C C O ~ HCTaHUUU O ~ ~ CUCTeMbI nHeBMa- 

8. Haswase~rie $1 peXNM pa60~b1 

TusecKoro ynpasnelrwa. 

9. Cxe~a u nposecc pa6o~b1 B03nyUHOrO KoMnpeccopa CUCT~M~I ynpan- 

3 1. UCTOPUR PA3BUTUB 

B IIpOueCCe 6ypeHllH CKBaXUHbI AOJIOTO IIPUBOAMTCR BO BpaWe- 

PEe nu60 POTOPOM, nM60 3a60fiHb1~~ ABUTaTeJIRMH, paCn0,nOXeHHbI- 

MZI HeIIOCpefiCTBeHHO B HkiHiHefi YaCTN 6yp~JIbH0fi KOJIOHHbI I-IaA 

AOJIOTOM. Ann 3TUX qeJIefi IIpHMeHRmT rHApaBnMYeCKUe U 3neKTpHrIecKue 

ABUraTenu. 

Cywec~sym~ runpasnusecKue EstIraTenH AB~X TunoB: runpaBnuYecKue 

MHOrOCTyneHYaTbIe TYP~NH~I, Ha3bIBaeMbIe ~yp606ypa~11, 

I1 rNAPaBJlNYeCKNe ABNTaTeJIN O ~ % ~ M H O A~~~CTBNR. 

~ O ~ ~ ~ K T ~ M Y ~ C 

3a60fiHb1e ABNTaTeJH - 3Jle~~p06ypb1- COCTORT N3 MaCJlOHanOnhemor0 

~JI~KTPNY~CKOTO AswraTem ~pex@as~oro nepeMeHHoro TO- 

Ka, coeAuHeHHoro co runwHAeneM, Ha KOTOPOM yKpenneHo AonoTo. 

MneR NCnOnb3OBaHNR 3a6ofi~oro ABHraTeJIH AnR ~ Y ~ ~ HCKBa- N R

XUH POABJIaCb ewe B KOHUe npOIUJIOr0 BeKa, OAHaKO BnepBbIe 

~yp606yp 6b1n npHMeHeH AJIR 6ypeHHR CKBaXHH COBeTCKHM HHXe- 

IIepOM M. A. I

Puc. XII.4. Oceea~ onopa KaveHUR 

~yp606ypa 

7 23 4 5 

pa. Ha POTOpe BTOPO~~ CTyneHN TaKXe B03HNKaeT KPYTR~N~~ 

MOMeHT. B pe3yJIbTaTe PaCTBOp nOA A ~ ~ ~ C T B 3HeprUkl N ~ M AaBJleHNR, 

~ 0 3 ~ a B a e ~ ~YPOB~IM 

o f i HaCOCOM, PaCnOnOXeHHbIM Ha nOBepXHOCTH, 

npOXOANT BCe cTyneH1.i ~yp606ypa. B M H O ~ O C T ~ ~ ~ H TY Y ~ T~ O ~ ~ H~ H ~ 

PaCTBOp ABIIXeTCH BAOnb ee OCN. AKTNBH~I~~ K P Y T R ~ U MOMeHT, 

~ ~ 

~03~aBae~b1fi KaXAbiM POTOPOM, CYMMNPYeTCR Ha Bany, a PeaKTHB- 

~rbiii ( pa~~b~ii no senlryme N npo~~~ononox~b~fi no ~anpasne~sm), 

co3~a~ae~~fi Ha nonamax cTaTopa, cyMMr,ipyeTcR Ha Kopnyce 

~yp606ypa. 

P ~ ~ K T N B H MOMeHT ~ I ~ ~ Yepe3 KOpnyC ~yp606ypa nepeAaeTCR COe- 

~ M I I ~ H HC O HNM ~ ~ ~YPNJ'I~HO~~ KOJIOHHe, a ~KTHBH~I~~ - AOJlOTy. Ha 

co3~a~ue ~py~~wero MoMeHTa nepenan AasneHm, cpa6a~hIBae~hIfi 

B ~yp606ype, COCTaBJIReT OT 3 A0 7 Mna, a UHOrAa ki 6onee. G TO 

RBJIReTCR 6onbrua~ HeAOCTaTKOM ~yp606ypa, IIOrJIOuaIo~erO 3HasmenbHym 

sacTb meprww, co3~asae~y1o HacocoM a aa~pasnsam- 

uero ee Ha BpaueHwe AonoTa, a He Ha O~NCTKY a ~@@~KTHBHO~ 

pa3pyIJIeHNe 3a60~ CKBaXNHbI, YTO IIpaKTllYeCKII UCKJIIoYaeT B03- 

MOXHOCTb npNMeHeHMR rllApOMOHNTOpHbIX AOnOT. 

n o y c T p o fi c T B y T y p 6 N H, ~pe6yIo14Nx pasnws~oro pacxo- 

,4a XUAKOCTII, ~yp606ypb1 nOAPa3AeJlHH3TCR Ha: 

I HN3I 

MOWHOCTb, ~OJ~UIYIO YaCTOTY BPaWeHWR kI 3 ~ a y ~ ~ e J I b ~ BpaUIalo- 

b I f i 

WNI? MOMeHT; 

cpenHenaTpaxHhIe, ~ ~ ~ B N B ~ K IM W~ I KI ~ C M M ~ ~ ~pauamuwfi 

H ~ I ~ ~ 

MOMeHT, CPeAHIoH3 YaCTOTY BPaWeHUR IIpH BbICDKOM PaCXOAe XHA- 

KOCTU; 

BbICOKOJIIITpaXHbIe, kiMeH3WNe MaKCUMaJlbHOe OTHOUIeHHe BpauaIOUer0 

MOMeHTa K YaCTOTe BpaUeHNR Mln, OTHOCIITeJIbHO HH3- 

KYIo YaCTOTy BPaueHNR U n0Bb1IUe~~bIfi PaCXOA XNAKOCTN. 

n 0 s N C n y C e K q a TYP~O~YP~I nOAPa3AeJIRH3TCR Ha On- 

I!OCeKqUOHHbIe, B KOTOPblX TYP~NH~ N OnOpHaR nRTa PaCnOnOXeHbI 

B OAHOM KOpnyCe, U MHOrOCeKQUOHHbIe, COCTOR~He N3 HeCKOnbKNX 

T~'P~NHH~IX ce~QNfi H JIinHHAeJlR C 0ceB0fi 0nopofi. 

YHH@U~MPOB~HH~R LUnNHAeJlbHaR CeKUNR (PUC. XII.3) npeA- 

CTaBJReT co60fi CaMOCTORTenbHyIo C~O~KY, KOTOpyIo MOXHO NCnOJIb- 

30BaTb C OAHO- I.1 MHOrOCeK~IIOHHbIM ~yp606yp0~. ~ I I U H A ~ J ~ H ~ R 

CeKUaR BbInOJlHReTCR B ABYX MOAU@UK~~WFIX: Ha YnOPHOM IIOAuINn- 

H m e KayeHaR (pac. XII.3, a) a Ha pe3w~o~e~ann11~ec~oii onope 

CKOJlbXeHHR (PIIC. XII.3, 6). 

Bce OCHOBHhIe AeTaJlW UinUHAeJlbHhIX C ~ K U W - ~ B3aUM03aMeHRe- 

MbIe, YTO ynp0wae.r peM0H-r a 06cny~usa~we. Ban 3 mnaHAenR B 

~PiXHefi YaCTN HMeeT HNlIneJIbHyIo YaCTb C pe3b6oii AJR npIICOeAH- 

HeHllR IIepeBOAHNKa 9 AOJIOTa. Bepx~ufi KOHeq Bans 3 C H ~ ~ X ~ H 

KOHHY~CKO~~ 

1, 

pe3b6ofi, Ha KOTOPYIo HaBWHYkIBaeTCR ~OJIYMY@T~ 

cTRrwsamuaR perynwpoBolrHme Konbsa 4, BTynKy pa~aanb~oii Hnx- 

~efi OnOpbI 5 ki BHYTPeHHNe KOnbga YnOpHQ-PaAHaJIbHOrO n0AUIIIn- 

HuKa 7 (pwc. XII.3, a) anti AHCKA pe3u~o~e~ann~sec~oii nRTN 7

(PAC. XII.3,6). I

~ 0 IIPUCIIOCO~MT~ 

6 ~ 

XaPaKTePMCTMKy Typ606yp0~ K XapaKTepHCTM- 

Ke, Tpe6j'e~ofi IJIapOIIIesHbIM AOJIOTOM. A0 HaCTORWerO BpeMeHM BCe 

J'CEIJINR KOHCTPYKTOPOB YBeJIMYMTb AOIIYCTMMYIO YaCTOTy BpaUeHMR 

UapOIJIeYHhIX AOJIOT He TofibKO B COB~TCKOM COIO~~, HO M BO BCeM 

MMpe nOJIOXEITeJbHbIX pe3yJIbTaTOB He AaJIM. npM IIpMMeHeHMM 

BbICOKOYaCTOTHbIX ~BMraTenefi C AOJIOTaMM MCTMpaIOUn ~r0 TMIIa, HC 

EIMeIOWMMM OIIOp, nOJIj'YaIOTCR XOpOIJIHe pe3J'JIbTaTbI. 

I( HeAOCTaTKaM 3a60fi~h1x rMAPaBJIEIYeCKMX fi~~ra~enefi OTHOCIIT- 

CR TaKXe norpe6neeue 3HaYMTeJIbHO 60~1b111ei-0 KOJIMYeCTBa XEIn- 

KOCTM, qeM Tpe6ye~cR nnR pa6o~h1 nonoTa. Eonee 50 neT TOMY 

Ha3an n. n. ~ YMUJIOB~IM 6b1~0 AOKa3aH0, YTO 0n~M~aJIb~hIfi np0- 

UeCC 6ypeHMR OCYUeCTBJIFIeTCR TOTAa, KOrAa Ha 3a60ii IIOAaeTCH 

213 MOWHOCTM, pa3BEIBaeMofi ~YPOBHMEI HaCOCaMM, HO 3Ta MOW- 

HOCTb AOJIXHa PaCXOAOBaTbCR AOJIOTOM Ha pa3pyIIIeHMe IIOpOAbI. 

Ha npmon nonoTa M Ha ruApaBnuseceue noTeppi npH TpaHcnopTMpOBKe 

XMAKOCTM K 3a6010 AOJIXHO PaCXOAOBaTbCR He 6onee 113 

MOUHOCTM, pa3BMBaeMofi HaCOCaMM Ha IIOBepXHOCTEI. YCJIOBEIR 

6ype~MR CKBaXMH M H O ~ O O ~ M ~ eAMHbIX ~ ~ H ~ P I ~ K O M ~ H A 6bI~b ~ ~ U He ~ ~ 

MOXeT, HO COBePIJIeHHO RCHO, qTO B KaXAOM CJIyYae AOJIXHO 6b1~b 

AaHO 3KOHOMEIYeCKOe O~OCHOB~HH~ ~b160pa Tor0 MJIEI EIHOrO 060~~- 

AOBaHNR AJIR 6ype~m. 

Typ6onono~o (~Mc. X11.5) - TYP~EIHH~I~~ 3a60fi~blfi ABMraTeJb, 

cJIyXa4EIfi AJIR BpaWeHEIR KOJ~OHKOBO~~ rOJIOBKM AJIR 6ypeHkiR CKBa- 

XMH C OT~OPOM 06pa340~ IIOPOAbI (K~PHOB). OHO IIpeACTaBnReT 

co6ofi OAHO- MJEI ABYXC~K~IIOHH~I~~ TJ'P~O~YP, C pe3MHOMeTanJIMYeC- 

K0fi O C ~ B O 0II0p0fi ~ ~ M IIyCTOTenbIM BaJIOM. 

PLIC. X11.5. TY~~OAOJIOTO KTA: 

I - nepeBonHHK; 2 - Kopnyc; 3 - KepHonpneMHas ~py6a; 4 - onopa ~PYHTOHOCKH; .5 - KOHTPrafi~a; 

6 - KonnaK; 7 - raB~a; 8 - eTynKa; 9. I0 - KOnbVO H nncK naTbl; 11, 12 - nwcKn 

cTaTopa H poropa; 13 - onophl; 14 - Ban; 15 - nepeaonHHK; 16 - Hwnnenb 

Ban T~~~oAoJIoT~ MMWT IIOJIOCTb, BHYTPM KOTOPO~~ PaCnOJIOXe- 

Ha KOJIOHKOBaR T P Y - ~ ~PYHTOHOCK~ 

~ 

AJIR IIpMeMa B~I~YP~HHOTO 

KepHa. B ~epx~efi qacTu Kopnyca T~P~OAOJIOT~ noMeueaa onopa 

TPYHTOHOCKM, MMeIOWaR KOHYCHOe IIOCaAOYHOe rHe3AO. ~PYHTOHOCK~ 

c~a6Xe~a rono~~ofi C KOHYCHOB IIOBePXHOCTbIO, Ha KOTOPYIO OHa 

caAuTccl. ljnaronap~ TO MY npM B ~ ~ U ~ H Msana M T~~~OAO.TOT~ c 

6ypMJIbHofi ~OJIOBKO~~ KepHOIIpMeMHaR ~py6a He BpaWaeTCR. 

~PYHTOHOCK~ 3aKpbIBaeT OTBepCTMe B Ban)', 6naro~ap~ YeMy 

XZIAKOCT~ He npoxoAMT sepea Hero, a n0cTynae.r B TYP~MHY ~yp60- 

AonOTa. T ~ KaK K AaBJIeHMe paCTBOpa B BepxHefi YaCTM ~j'p6M~bI 

6o.?bme seM B HUXH~B, TO noA nefic~sae~ ZITOTO nepenaAa KO~OHKO- 

Ban ~py6a IIpMXMMaeTCR K Onope, YTO IIpeIIRTCTByeT YTeYKe XMA- 

KOCTM Yepe3 3a30p MeXAy KOJIOHKOBO~~ ~py60fi M OTBepCTMeM BazIa. 

310 MOrJIO 6b1 IIpMBOAMTb K pa3pyIIIeHMIO B~I~YP~HHOTO KepHa. 

B OCTaJIbHOM KOHCTPYK4MR TYP~OAOJOT~ aHaJIOrMYHa TYP~O~YPY. 

B ~yp6onono~ax Tuna I(TAC-4 (p~c. XII.5) ocesaR onopa pac- 

IIOJIOXeHa B 11MXHefi YaCTM. ~ T TYP~O~~OJIOT~ 

H 

BbIIIyCKaIOT C Ha- 

PyjKHbIM AMaMeTpOM KOpnj'Ca 172 M 195 MM, nepBb~fi-AJIR 6y- 

PMJIbHbIX TOJIOBOK AMaMeTpOM 190, a BTOPO~~ - AJIR 214-~~ r0- 

JIOBOK. 

M : 

~au6onblrraa . . . 8,58 9,61 

HaIlMeHbLUaR . . . 8,43 9,46 

Anu~a K ~ ~ H O ~ ~ H ~ M H O B 

qaCTH, M . . . . . 4,01 4,9 

AuaMeTp KepHa, MM 48 60 

q~cno c~yne~eii . . 135 159 

qac~o~a apaueaaa sana, 

O~/MIIH 625 623 

. . . . 

Bpauarou~ii MOMeHT, 

KH.M . . . . . . 1,67 1,42 

nepena~ AasneHHa B 

~ypfiu~e, 

Mna . . . 7,9 6,8 

Macca, T . . . . . 1,133 1,61 

Bce TYP~UHH TYP~OAOJIOT MMeIOT HOMMH~JI~II~I~~ PaCXOA 6yp0~0r0 

paCTBOpa 0,028 M3/c IIpM IIJIOTHOCTM p= 1200 K ~ / M ~ . 

An2 3a6ypMsa~u~ HaKJOHHbIX CTBOJIOB CKBaXMH TYP~O~YP 

C AOJIOTOM AOJIXeH 6b1~b IIOCTaBJIeH B CKBaXMHe IIOA YrJIOM K Bep- 

TMKanM. YTO~~I TOT yr0.q 6b1n ~oJI~IIIMM, ~yp606~p AOJIXeH 6b1Tb

1 BO3MOXHO ~eHbLUefi AJIUHbI. ,!JAR 3TMX 4eJIefi IIpUMeHRIoT YKOpOseH- 

HbIe T~~~o~~~~I-oTKJIoHuT~JIu 

C sUCJIOM C~yIIeHefi 52-109. no KOH- 

~yp606ypa~ 

I CTPYKUUN OHM aHaJIOrUrIHbI YHU~U~UPOB~HH~IM 

U CO- 

CTORT I13 TYP~UHHO~~ U LUIIBHA~JI~HO~~ C ~ K V M C ~ TO$ ~ pa3HkiUefi, LIT0 

UInUHAeJIbHaR CeKUUR COeAMHReTCR C TYP~UHHO~~ IIepeBOAHUKOM, 

HMeIOUUM nepeKOC 0cefi 1'30'. TO IIO3BOJIReT ~a6UpaTb KPIIBU3HY 

CTBOJIa CKBaXUHbI. Ban ~yp6ki~bI COeAUHReTCR C BaJIOM IIlnUHAeJIR 

~U~PHAPHO~~ MY@TOR, KOMII~HCIIPY~OU~~~ 3KCUeHTPUCUTeT. Kopnyc 

~yp6ki~bI sepe3 IIepeBOAHHK COeAUHReTCR C 6ypUJIbHofi KOJIOHHO~~. 

An2 ~YP~HEIR BePXHHX UHTepBaJIOB CKBaXUH AUaMeTPOM 0,394- 

1,02 M IIPMMeHRIoT P~~KTHBHO-TYP~HHH~I~ arperaTb1, y KOTOPbIX ABa 

~yp606ypa CMOHTUPOBaHbI IlapaJIJIeJIbHO U XeCTKO COeAUHeHbI MeX- 

,Lly co608. fin^ 6ypeHkiR CKBaXUH B ~OPHOPYAHO~~ IIPOMbIUIJIeHHOCTU 

UCIIOJIb3yWT ~~~KTMBHO-TYP~UHHH~ arperaTb1 C TPeMR U rIeTbIPbMR 

~yp606ypa~11, COeAUHeHHbIMU IIapaJIJIeJIbHO. T~KUMA arperaTaMu 

~YPRT CKBaXHHbI AMaMeTPOM OT 1,26 A0 5 M. 

Ha PUC. XII.6 no~a3a~ ~~~KTUBHO-TYP~UHH~I~~ 

arperaT AJIR 6y- 

PeHNR CKRaXUH AUaMeTPOM 1,02 M. TOT arperaT UMeeT: IlepeBOA- 

HUK 1, CO~AUHRIOUU~~ er0 C 6ypUJIbHofi KOJIOHHO~, TPaBePCY 2, 

cKpennamwym BepxHue sacTu arperaTa u non~on~~ym XUAKOCT~ K 

AByM ~yp606ypa~, ~yp606ypb1 3, COeAUHeHHbIe B CpeAHefi saCTU 

IIOJIyXOMyTaMH 4, TPY3bI 5, 6 H 7, IIJIUTy 8, ABe pa3pe3HbIe BTYJIKU 

9, KOJIbUa 10, HUXHH)IO IlJIUTy 11 U CTRXKU 12. K BaJIaM TYP~O~Y- 

FOB IIPUCOeAUHeHbI AOJIOTa. 

npki 6ype~uki arperaT BpaUaeTCR 6ypHJIbH0fi KOJIOHHO~~ BOKPYr 

ee ocu, a nonoTa cosepmam KaK 6b1 nnaHeTapHoe BpaueHue BO- 

Kpyr oceii ~yp606ypo~ U OCU CKBaXUHbI, Pa3pYUIaR ee 3a6ofi. 

Harpya~a Ha 3a6oii co3nae~c~ rpysa~u 5, 6 H 7. Pa36ypeHHaR 

IIOpOAa BbIHOCUTCR UMPKYJIUPYIO~MM IIOTOKOM 6yp0~0r0 PaCTBOPa, 

IIOA~B~~MO~O B CKBaxuHy HacocaMu. 

6 y p e CKBaXUH ~ ~ ~ C IIOMOUbIO PT6 UCnOJIb3ylOTCR 06b1s- 

HbIe 6ypo~b1e YCTaHOBKU. 

§ 3. XAPAKTEPHCTHKA TYPEOEYPA 

Pa6osa~ XapaKTepUCTEiKa TYP~AH~I ~yp606ypa OIIpeAeJIReTCR 

~ ~ C T O TBpaUeHHR O ~ ~ BaJIa n, KPYTRUUM MOMeHTOM M Ha er0 BaJIy, 

pa3susae~ofi MOUHOCT~IO N, nepenanoM nasneHuR Ap H runpaB- 

JIUseCKUM KO~@@U~M~HTOM IIOJIe3HOrO A~~~CTBMR r] KOJIUrIeCTBOM 

6ypo~oi-o pacmopa Q, npoKasMsaeMoro sepes TYP~UHY. B npouecce 

6ype~a~ BCJIeACTBUe U3MeHeHUR MOMeHTa COnpOTUBJIeHUR Ha AOJIO- 

Te H KOJIUseCTBa IIPOKarIUBaeMOTO PaCTBOPa BCe IIapaMeTPbI TYP~O- 

6ypa MeHRfOTCR.

I 

i 

K p y ~ ~ ~ k MOMeHT i f i Ha Bany TJ'P~NH~I B03HNKaeT B pe3yJibTaTe 

B ~ ~ ~ ~ M O A ~ ~ nOTOKa ~ C T B NXNAKOCTN R C JIOnaTKaMN CTaTOPa N POTOpa. 

I 

1 

B paC9eTElX IIPNHNMaIOT, 9TO B KaHanaX POTOpa I? CTaTOpa TYP~~~HIJ 

XNAKOCTb ABkiX'2TCSI UNJlNHAPN9eCKkiMki CJOSIMN N He BnNR~T Ha 

AFyrNe CnOki B PaAkiaJIbHOM HaIIpaBneHNN. Te9e~Ne XNAKOCTN B 

I 

ukinkiHApwiecKoM cnoe paccMaTpkisaeTcR B Teopwu TYP~NH, paapa- 

~ O T ~ H HB O nPOLUJIOM ~ ~ BeKe MHXeHePOM 3fiJIep0~. CO~JI~CHO 3~0fi 

Teopuki, B ~POTOZIHO~~ 9acTki ~yp6ki~b1 npoTeKaeT 6ecskicne~~oe 

rlIiCn0 UkiJlNHAPMZIeCKkiX CnOeB XNAKOCTki, a B KaXAOM CJIOe NMeeTCSI 

MHOXeCTBO CTPYeK kinU nki~kifi TOKa XkiAKOCTN. CKOPOCTN ABNXeHUSI 

CTpyeK B KaXAOM UNnNHApNZIeCKOM CJIOe pa3nN9HbI KaK B PaANaJIb- 

HOM, TaK ki B OKPYXHOM Hanpasnemki. 

yIIpOweHNH PaCZIeTOB IIpNHNMaIoT, sT0 3KBNBaJIeHTHaSI 

c~pyfi~a kiMeeT HeKOTOPYH) CpeAHIOH) CKOPOCTb, COOTBeTCTBYIOWYIO 

YCpeAHeHHbIM IIapaMeTpaM XkiAKOCTki Ha paC9eTHOM ANaMeTpe Dcp 

nonaToK ~yp606ypa. 

OC~B~SI CKOPOCTb nOTOKa C, XNAKOCTN (B M/C) B ~1060~ nonepe9HOM 

Ce9eHkiN TYP~NH~I BbI9NCJIReTCR n0 YPaBHeHkiH) PaCXOAa 

cz = QIF = QlnDcpl, (XII.1) 

rAe Q - pacxon XNAKOCTM, ~ 3 1 F ~ - ; nnowanb nonepesHoro cese- 

HEIR PeIIIeTKN TYP~NH~I, M ~ 1- ; PaANaJIbHaSI AJIkiHa JIOIIaTOK, M. 

Am O~~CII~ZI~HNSI npOTeKaHNR XkiAKOCTN 9epe3 TYP~EIHY C On- 

~e~eJ'IeH~0fi CKOPOCTbH) HaAO Ha BXOAe B TYP~NHY NMeTb HaIIOP, 

~0~0pbIfi PaCXOAYeTCSI KaK Ha nOJIe3HYH) pa6o~y, TaK I? Ha npeOA0fieme 

spenHbIx conpo~ki~ne~kifi. 

B ~yp606ypax npNMeHSIIoTCR MHOrOCTyIIeH9aTbIe aKCNaJIbHbIe 

~yp6ki~bI C ~ Y C T O peIUe~~0fi 

~ ~ ~IIeUki@kis~~fi KOHCTPYKUkiN ki B TeOpNN 

TYP~MH 06~er0 Ha3Ha9eHkiR 3TN T Y ~ ~ ~ ~ He H I J PaCCMOTPeHbI. 

B 1936 r. MHXeHePOM n. n. UYMMJIOB~IM BIIepBbIe 6b1na PaCCMOT- 

PeHa TeOpNR 3TNX TYP~UH ki 6b1na npeAJIOXeHa UkipKyJIRTNBHaR 

TeOPNSI aKCNanbHhIX MHOrOCTYIIeH9aTbIX TYP~MH, 9TO nO3BOnkiJIO 

npaBNJIbH0 nonofi~ki K nPOeKTkiPOBaHNH) TYP~NH AJIR ~yp606yp0~ 

c yseToM ycno~kifi ~x pa6o~b1. Ha ocHose a~anusa cTeneau UNPKY- 

JIRTkiBHOCTN (c,) TYP~NH~I 6b1na npeAn0XeHa MeTOAkiKa ~b16opa 

~aki6onee BaxHoro napaMeTpa ~yp606ypa - cooTHorueHkiR spawarnwer0 

MOMeHTa M ki 9aCTOTbl BpaWeHkiSI n IIpN pa6o~e Ha OIITNMaJIb- 

HOM PeXkiMe, T. e. OTHOIIIeHNe Mln. 

~ O C T ~ O ~ ~ne~NanbH0fi 

H N ~ 

~~~PKYJISITNBHO~~ TeOPNN aKCNaJlbHbIX 

~ y p 6 k i IIo~pe60~an0 

~ 

BBeAeHNR HeKOTOPbIX IIOHRTN~~ ki o603~ase- 

Hkifi K PaHee CyWeCTBOBaBIIIkiM B TeOpNki TYP~MH. BCeX BenN9kiH, 

OTHOCRWBXCR K MeCTY BXOAa IIOTOKa XUAKOCTU B KaHaJIbI POTOpa, 

IIPWHNMaIoTCR EiHAeKCbI , a K MeCTy BbIXOAa-NHAeKCbI . 

A6conm~~b1e CKOPOCTN nOTOKa XkiAKOCTN 0 6 0 3 ~ a 9 a H ) ~ ~ ~ 

~ Y K B O C, ~ ~ 

OTHOCkiTeJIbHbIe W N nepeHOCHbIe (OKPYXH~I~) U. 

P~CCMOTP~~M 

ki3MeHeHkie CKOPOCT~~~ IIOTOKa XNAKOCTN B JIOIIaCT- 

HOG CkiCTeMe MHO~OCTY~~HZI~TO~~ O C ~ B O TYP~NH~I 

~ ~ 

324 

~yp606ypa. A6- 

COJIIOTHaSI CKOPOCTb IIOTOKa C MOXeT 6bI~b pEl3nOXeHa Ha CKOPOCTEI 

B TpeX HaIIpaBneHNRX: OCeBOM CZ, TaHreHUNaJIbHOM (OKPYXHOM) 

U B PaANaJIbHOM. OAH~KO TaK KaK pa3Mep Jl~IIac~efi TYP~MH TYP~O- 

6yp0~ Man IIO CpElBHeHNH) CO CpeAHNM ANaMeTpOM TYP~MH~I, MOX- 

HO npese6pesb ki3MeHeHkiRMki B IIOTOKe XkiAKOCTN BAOJIb PElANyCa 

I? PaCCMOTpeTb IIJIaHbI CKO~OCT~~~ IIO AByM OCRM: Ha HaIIpaBJIeHNki 

nepe~oc~ofi cKopocTa u Ha ukinu~npkisec~ofi nosepxHocTw co cpen- 

HUM AkiaMeTPOM Dcp ki B OCeBOM HaIIpElBJIeHNN C,. Ha PNC. XII.7 

no~a3a~b1 nnam c~opoc~efi B oce~ofi peueTKe nonac~efi TYP~NH~I. 

CKOPOCTb Ha CpeAHeM ANaMeTpe DCp J'IOIIaTOK 

OKPYXH~SI 

KOHCTPYKTNBH~I~ YrJIbI HaKnOHa IIpo@kiJISI JIOIIaTOK Ha BbIXOAe 

CTaTOpa 0603Ha9N~ a,, Ha BXOAe an, Ha BXOAe POTOpa ki Ha 

BbIXOAe P2. B TYP~HH~X TYP~O~YPOB IIPNMeHSIIOT ryCTbIe PeIIIeTKki N 

yrOn HaKJIOHa a1 ~~coJ'IIOTHO~~ CKOPOCTki C1 npki6JIN3N~eJIbH0 PaBeH 

yrny HaKnoHa nonac~efi cTaTopa. 

Hanpa~ne~kie OTHOCNT~JI~HO~~ CKOPOCTki Wl 3aBNCNT OT COOTHO- 

UeHkiSI CKO~OCT~~~ Ul N C1. ~OCTPONM TpeyrOJIbHNK C K O ~ O C T B ~ KO- ~ ~ 

OPANHaTaX U2 N C1 B TO9Ke kiCTe9eHNR N3 POTOpa Ha BXOAe B CTaTOp 

~NXeJleXa~efi CTyneHki (KOOPA~~HE~T~I U2'Ul ki c,~'cz~). OTHOCH- 

TeJIbHaR CKOPOCTb kiCTe9eHkiSI XHAICOCTN C JIOIIaTKN POTOpa HanpaBneHa 

noA yrnoM p2 MexAy HanpasneHueM KPOMKN npo@~n~ n0na.r- 

KN pOTOpa ki BeKTOpOM OKPYXHOR CKOPOCTN. Ha PNC. XII.7, 6 

nOKa3aHO COBMeWeHkie 3TNX ABYX TpeYrOJIbHNKOB CKOPOCT~~~, no 

KOTOPbIM MOXHO CYANTb 06 N3MeHeHNki UkiPKYJlSIUNN IIOTOKa. 

npN ABNXeHNN IIOTOK XNAKOCTN HElIIpElBJIsIeTCsI B KaHaJIbI CTa- 

Topa, HecR c co60fi onpenene~~b~fi aanac meprkiki, npe~c~a~ne~~b

B Bnne nasneHuR. l3o ~cefi BbIcoTe KaHana cTaTopa nponcxoAuT 

TP~HC@OPM~~NR AaBJIeHNFI: B CKOPOCTHO~~ HanOp. npU 3TOM BeCb 

noToK K KOHUY KaHana cTaTopa Bcnenc-rme noBopoTa nona-rox 

pOTOpa HaqWHaeT BpaWaTbCR BOKPYr OCM TYP~NH~I. CT~TO~ sb1pa6a- 

TbIBaeT B IIOTOKe X MOMeHTy er0 MCTe9eHMR BUHTOBO~~ BUXPb, OCbH) 

KOTOpOrO RBJIReTCR OCb TYP~WHH, a HaIIpRXeHMe BUXpR IIOTOKa 

3aBMCNT OT CKOPOCTU UUPKYJIRUMM er0 BOKPyr TOR OCN. 

CKOPOCT~ UUPKYJIRUIIN IIOTOKa, CO3AaHHaR B CTaTOpe 

CKOPOCTb UWPKyJIR4UU IIOTOKa B POTOPe 

- 

CPT=CZU~DC~, (XII.3) 

rne npoeKuw C K O ~ O C T noToKa ~ ~ ~ clu = cl cos a,; CnU = c2 cos a2; 

a6con1oT~b1e CKOPOCTM C, = c,/sin al; c2 = c, = c,/sin an. 

Bpawamwrrfic~ POTOP TYP~NH~I, IIpUHNMaH BMHTOBO~ BLi~pb, 

cawxaeT senllsmy ero HanpmeHm, co3~asa~ H~KOTO~~IR spawa- 

H)~NRCR MOMeHT. ~oII~TKU CTaTOpa, 3aKpyqMBaR IIOTOK BOKPYr OCU 

T ~ P ~ N H B0CnPNHNMaH)T ~ I , 

~aII~aBJIeli~b1fi B nPOTNBOIlOJIOXHYH) CTO- 

FOHy peaK~PiBHb1fi MOMeHT M nepeAaH)T er0 Ha H ~ ~ O A B U X H KOpIIyC ~ I ~ ~ 

~yp606ypa. B M H O ~ O C T ~ ~ ~ a~~WaJIbH0fi 

H ~ ~ T O ~ Typ6w~e 

~ 

HanpRXeHue 

BMXPR nOTOKa, O T ~ ~ ~ O T ~ HB HCTyneHe O ~ O POTOpa, paBH0 HaIIpRXe- 

HHH) BNXPR noToKa Ha BxoAe B cTaTop cnenymwefi pacnonoxe~~ofi 

HWXe CTyneHU U T. A. 

~@@~KTNBH~R MOwHOCTb T ~ P ~ U H IIpOnOPUUOHa.JlbHa ~ I 

CYMMaPHO- 

My BO~~YXA~HIIOMY B CTj'neHRX POTOpa KPYTRweMY MOMeHTY, yM- 

HOlrteHHOMY Ha YrJIOByH) CKOPOCTb BpaUeHUR POTOpa. T~KUM o6pa- 

30M, 9eM 60nbme aMIIJIUTj'Aa M3MeHeHUR AaBJIeHUR IIOTOKa B CTynemx 

cTaTopa n poTopa, TeM 6onbme cos~a~ae~~ii Ha poTope 

pa6os~A MOMeHT W TeM HUXe MOXHO IIOJIylrUTb YmOByH) CKOPOCTb 

BpaweHm sana TYP~IIH~I npw OAHOR M TOG xe ee MOUHOCTM. 

npW H ~ ~ O J ~ W OOTHOIHeHUM M 

pa~UaJIb~0fi IUWPUHbI KaHaJIOB Typ- 

~ H H K ~ CpeAHeMy I 

PaAMj'CY Tcp MOXHO CqNTaTb, 9TO C ~ ~ A H MO- M ~ 

MeHT CKOPOCTN no Ce9eHUH) PaBeH CpeAHeMy MOMeHTy CKOPOCTM II0 

OKpYXHOCTM paAUyCOM rcp. Tor~a M3 ypa~HeHWfi TeOpUU TYP~HH 

36Jlepa IIOJIyqUM npW6JIWXe~~blfi MOMeHT, pa3BWBae~blfi OAHO~~ 

CTyneHbH) T ~ P ~ W (B H ~ H. I M) 

M = pQ (clu-czu) rep, (XI I .4) 

PAe p - IIJlOTHOCTb XWAKOCTM, K~/M~; Q - PaCxOA XUAKOCTN, M~/c; 

rCp - C ~ ~ A HpaAUyC U ~ CTj'neHU, M. 

T~PGNH~I (B BT) 

MO~HOCT~ 

N=Mo, (XII.5) 

me o = IInl30 - yrnosaFI: CKOPOCT~ poTopa TYP~NH~I, C-I; n - qa- CTOTa BpaUeHUR POTOpa, 061~~~. 

rAe A/?,, - ~ @@~KTBBH~I~~ Ucnonb3ye~bIfi nepenaA 

CTyneHA TYP~CIH~I, 

AaBJIeHMR Ha 

Mna, 

AJIR ~yp606yp0~ C qMCJlOM ~TyIIe~efi 

ApCT = NIQ. (XII.6) 

k MOUHOCTb U Bpa~aH)UlUfi 

MOMeHT 6yflj'~ B k pa3 6onbme. 

AnR TUXOXOflHbIX TYP~UH TYP~O~YPOB C 60nbUIU~ BPawaH)UUM- 

CR MOMeHTOM ~pe6yeTcR CO3AaHUe 3Ha9UTeJIb~ofi aMnJIMTyAb1 KOJIe- 

6 a ~ UWPKYJIRUUM, u ~ a CJIeAOBaTeJIbHO, 6onbruoii Pa3HOCTU np~e~qkifi 

CKOPOCT~~~ nOTOKa Clu-C~u. 

,lJ,n~ 04eHKM 3TUX KaqeCTB T ~ P ~ O ~ ~ BBeAeHbI P O B IIOHRTMR: 

K O ~ $ @ U ~ U ~ UH M T ~ K ~ ~ H T U B H O C~ T M y p 6 ~ ~ 

Cu = (cW-cpu) /u, (XII.7) 

(U - OKPYXH~R CKOPOCTb ~ O T O K ~ ) 

K O ~ @ @ U U U ~ H T 

; 

pacxona c ~ y n e ~ u 

Cz = cZlu, 

. 

(XI I .8) 

(c, - ocesaR CKOPOCT~ ~OTOK~) 

C yBeJIUqeHUeM pa3HOCTU IIpoeK~Ufi C K O ~ O C T nOTOKa ~ ~ ~ BO3paC- 

TaeT BpaIUalowUfi MOMeHT, pa3BkiBae~blfi KaXAofi CTyneHbH); C 

JMeHbLUeHkieM 

HMR. 

OKPyXHbIX CKOPOCT~~~ CHUXaeTCR qaCTOTa BpaUe- 

BHCOKM~~ KO~@~@U~N~HT qUPKyJRTUBHOCTM Cu UMeIOT TUXOXOA- 

HbIe TYP~UH~I C COJI~UIUM BpaUaIOIUIIM MOMeHTOM. ~~ICTPOXOAH~I~ 

TYP~UH~I UMeIOT H H ~ K N KO~@@U~N~HT 

~ ~ 

UUPKYJIRTUBHOCTM W ~e60JIb- 

~ 0 BpawafOwkifi 2 

MOMeHT. B COBpeMeHHbIX ~yp606ypax npUMeHRIoT 

BbICOKOUMpKyJIHTWBHbIe 

BHCOKOM Hanope. 

TYP~UH~I C H~~oJI~LUIIM PaCXOAOM, HO npW 

B PeaJIbHhIX YCJIOBMRX IIOTOK XUAKOCTU B KaHaJIaX TYP~UH TYP- 

606~~0~ HeOAUHaKOB U HeOAHOpOAeH. npU padore ~yp606ypa CKO- 

POCTb U AaBJIeHHe XHAKOCTU B nm60R TOqKe nOTOKa W3MeHRH)TCR 

6e3 0npe~eJIeH~06 3aKOHOMepHOCTW, 9TO BbI3BaHO HepaBHOMepHO- 

CTbH) HaTpY3KU Ha BaJy npU 6ype~MM M KOJI~~~HURMN IIOAaqli Ha- 

COCOB. @0pMa Xe JlOnaTOK CTaTOpa M pOTOpa TYP~HH~I nOCTORHHa 

U OHa AOJIXHa 6b1Tb T~KOA, 9~06b1 06e~neqMBa~b AOCTaTOqHO BbICO- 

KUR K. n. A. npH paanuqabrx pexuMax pa6o~h1. 

npki U3MeHeHUM CKO~OCT~~ IIOTOKa y BXOAa B KaHanbI POTOPa 

M BbIXOAa U3 Her0 A3MeHRH)TCR CTOPOHbI TpeyrOJIbHMKOB CKO~OCT~~~. 

B 3aBMCUMOCTU OT KOHCTPYKQUU ~yp6kiHbl BCe CTOPOHbI TpeyrOJIb- 

HUKa CKO~OCT~~~, T. e. BeKTOPOB ~~COJIH)TH~IX, OTHOCUTeJIbHbIX M 

OKPYXHMX CKOPOCT~~~ MOryT A3MeHRTbCR nu60 IIpOnOpUUOHaJIbHO, 

n~60 HenponopUuoHanbHo. B nocnenHeM cnysae HeT nono6w~ 

MeXAy re0MeTpUqeCKMMU U AMHaMWqeCKUMU T ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o J I ~ H M K ~

Typ6~~a 6yne~ 

Puc. XII.8. Xapa~~epacra- 

Ka TYP~NH~I ~yp606ypa 

npU nOCTOaHHOM PaCXOAe 

XUAKOCTN 

CKO~OCT~~~. 

pa60TaTb B peXHMe C HH3KNM K. II. A. 

BCJIeACTBNe YAapHOrO TeseHNR BNXpeBOrO IIOTOKa XHAKOCTII. Hau- 

6onee 6~1aronp~~~e~ 6e3y~ap~b1ii pexm 6e3 uH-reHcnBHoro slrxpe- 

06pa30~a~NR Ha nonamax. 

np~ ~~M~AJI~HIIH BpaUeHHE npoHcxonHT ~nxpeo6paao~a~~e 

C TbIJIb~ofi CTOPOHbI IIPo@IIJIR (30~a S Ha PNC. XII.7), a IIpH YBe- 

JINzIeHNH CKOPOCTH U ~ N ~ p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a npOHCXOAHT ~ N e 

Ha JIlrueBofi 

CTOpOHe JIOnaTKN (30Ha Sf). Halr6onee 6JIaronpNRT~bIe YCJIOBNR 

AJIR YMeHbLUeHNR rNApaBJIHZIeCKNX IIOTepb o~~cII~YHB~IOTCR IIpN 

IIJIaBHOM N ~~~OTP~IBHOM O ~ T ~ K ~ HJIOIIaTKN H H IIOTOKOM C o6e1.1~ CTO- 

POH. 

Typ6PiH npu nocToRHHoM p acxone XHAKOCTB 

Xapa~~epac~a~a 

IIOKa3aHa Ha PHC. XII.8 KPHBbIMH 3aBNCUMOCTH MOMeHTa M, nepe- 

IIaAa AaBJIeHNR Ap, MOUHOCTH N N K. n. A. r) OT ZIaCTOTbI BPaUeHHR 

pacxona XNAKOCTH Q c onpeAeneHHbI- 

n npH nocToRHHoM ~ H ~ Z I ~ H N H 

MII CBO~~CTB~MN (IIJIOTHOCT~ p N BR3KOCTb p). Ann nOCTpOeHMR 

KPMBbIX IiCIIOJIb3YIOTCR @op~yJIbI (XII.4)-(11.6). no 3THM @OPMY- 

.UaM MOrYT 6bI~b OIIpeAeJIeHbI XapaKTepHCTHKE.1 ~aXn0fi CTyIIeHN, a 

XapaKTepHCTHKN BCerO ~yp606ypa IIpOIIOpuHOHaJIbHbI YHCJIy CTy- 

ne~efi k. 

r l ~ n p a ~ n a s e c ~ ~ f i 

P ~ ~ pa60~b1 N M 

K. n. A. nponopuHoHaneH MOUHOCTII 

q = NklQAp. (XII.9) 

~yp606ypa npU MaKCMMaJIbHOM K. II. A. qmax 

Ha3bIBaeTCR OnTNMaJIbHbIM. Ha116onee ~ C T O ~ ~ ~ H H~@@~KTHBH~FI B ~ R 

pa6o~a ~yp606ypa npH 3KCTpeMaJIbHOM peXHMe, T. e. ~aki60nbLUefi 

MOUIHOCTN. B MHOrOCTYneHZIaTbIX TYP~IIH~X 3K~Tpe~aJIbHbIfi II On- 

Tki~aJIb~hIfi PeXUMbI IIOYTH COBIIaAaIOT. ~ H A ~ ~ B A M ~ ~ K. CII. K I A. ? ~ ~ 

TYP~NH~I OIIpC?AeJIReTCR n0Tepefi MOUIHOCTH llpH npOXOXAeHHN XIIA- 

KOCTH B KaHaJIaX TYP~IIHH. ~ T IIOTePH M 3aBMCFIT OT UIePOXOBaTOCTH 

nOBepXHOCTH JIOnaTOK, HX @OPM~I, YTeYeK B 3a3OpaX MeXAy ANCKa- 

MN TYP~NH~I. 

X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ N C TYP~NH 

T N K N pa3JIWIHbIX KOHCTPYK~H~~ HeOANHaKOBbI, 

E03TOMY CYUeCTSYeT MHOrO MOAH@HK~UI?~~ II KOHCTP~KUN~~ TYP~O- 

6yp0~. CHHXeHNR qaCTOTbI BpameHNR H IIepenaAa AaBJIeHNR 

Oce~a~ ~arpys~a no onopy ~yp606ypa co3nae~c~ 

c~nofi T 01nepenaAa 

AaBJIeHNR B CTyIIeHRX POTOpa, BeCOM POTOpa B XNAKOCTH 

G H pea~u~eii 3a60~ R. 

B runNHaene ~yp606ypa Bce oceBbIe cHnbI C~MMAP~IOTCR 

B 3aBNCHMOCTN OT COOTHOLUeHUR CNJI 3Ta Harpy3Ka MOXeT ~efi- 

CTBOBaTb BHH3, BBePX NJIH OIIOpa MOXeT 6bI~b pa3rpyXeHa (IIJIa- 

~amua~). 

Ecnu ~yp606yp COCTOHT I13 HeCKOJIbKNX ce~ukifi, TO B @0p~yJIy 

(XII.10) BXOART TOJIbKO Te CNJIbI, KOTOPbIe A~~~CTBYIOT Ha rJlaBHyIO 

oceByIo onopy (HMXHRR ceKuNR HJIU unws~enb). np~ ~ e s a s u c l ~ ~ o i i 

nOABeCKe POTOPOB BePXHNX Ce~uNfi AX BeCa H ~€!ficT~yIOUkie Ha 

HHX CIIJIbI BOCIIPNHNMaIOTCR CO~CTB~HH~IMN OCeBbIMN OIIOpaMU. 

P~CCMOTPHM 

cnoc06 OnpeAeneHm r~~pasnlrsec~ofi cunbI, ~efic~- 

~yIOwefi Ha onopy MHOrOCTyneHsaTOrO ~yp606ypa T12M3B. 0603- 

HaqHM IIepellaAbI AaBJIeHHR: APT - B TYP~AH~; Ap,q - B AOJIOTe; 

Apn-B nRTe; F1, FP, F~-IIJIOU~AH KPYrOB ANaMeTpOM dl, dz H 

d3 COOTBeTCTBeHHO. 

B CHMMeTPNYHbIX TYP~AH~X llpH BCeX PeXNMaX o6~~fi IIepeIIalr: 

AaBJIeHHR PaCnPeAeJrReTCR IIOpOBHy MeXAy POTOPOM H CTaTOPOM. 

B ~ TNX ycnoBmx rHApaBnwiecKaR cma 

(XII. 11) 

n p W M e p XII. 1. OnpeAeJINTb KPYTRUWR MOMeHT W MOUHOCTb ~yp606ypa 

3TCUIl-195Tn. A~Ho: qaCTOTa BpaqeHNa n=350 O~/MWH; cpeA~Eifi pacserebrti 

nEiaMeTp POTOpa Dcp=0,13 M; nnOUaAb IIPOTOqHblX KaHaJIOB CTyIIeHU F= 

=10,00625 MZ; pacxon XNAKOCTN Q=0,03 M~/c; yrnbl Ha BbIxone us craTopa 

al=300, Ha exone a2=6Oo; nnorHocTb pacreopa p= 1200 K~/M~; k= 100 sucno 

c~yne~eii B ceKuNw ~yp606ypa; q =0,5 - K. n. A.

Peure~ae. 

Haxonw~ ocenym CKOPOCT~ noToKa no @op~yne (XII.1) 

c, = QIF = 0,0310,00625 = 4,8 M/C, 

l3 p n M e p XII.2. Onpeaenn~b KO~@@NUW~HT 

UHeHT UW~K~JI~TNBHOCTN cTynenn ~yp606ypa 3TCU1-195Tn. ,&i~~bIe w3 npw- 

ueDa XII.1. 

pacxoaa cTyneHw N KOX~@N- 

KO~@@NUK~HT pacxoaa cTyneHn onpeaenReM no @op~yne (XII.8) 

- 

c, = C,/U = 4,8/2,38 = 2,02. 

KO~@@HIIK~HT IlNPKYilRTNBHOCTW TYP~WH~I H3 BbIPaXeHWR (XII.7) 

- 

cu = (cIu- c,,)/u = (8,3 - 2,77)/2,38 = 2,32. 

B BbICOKOUNPKyilIiTNBHblX TYP~HH~X KO~@@HUW~HT 

UNPKYnRTNBHOCTN CU> 1. 

Bparual~runec~ Fi HelTOABEiXHbIe AeTann TYP~BHHO~ CeKukiH KpenRT 

@PHK~IIOHH~IM C~OCO~OM, IIPkiYeM H~O~XOAHMO~ YCllnHe CXaTHR, 

o6ecnesu~al04ee conpoTnsneHwe npoBopaqusaHuR Ha sany u B ~ opnyCe, 

AOCTkiraeTCR CBkiHqLiBaHUeM KOHYCHbIX pe3b60~b1x CO~AHH~HH~~ C COOTBeTCTBylO~HM HaTRrOM II YCT~HOBKO~ PerYJIUPOB04HbIX KO- 

-'leu, H~O~XOAUMO~~ AJIHHbI. AeTaJIki Ha Bany KpenRTCR HaBHHYkiBa- 

HUeM IIOJIYMY@T~I II C03AaHNeM HaTRra MeXAy BHYTPeHHUM TOPUOM 

nonyMy@~b1 ki TOPQOM pe3b6b1 Bans. A~anoru.1~0 H~O~XOAHMO~ 

MoHTamHoe ycmrre cxaTEiR ne~aneii Kopnyca co3~ae~c~ npn CBNHsNBaHkill 

nepeBOAHNKa Ei KOpnyCa ki IIOA~O~OM AJlkiHbI PerynkipOBOq- 

HOrO KOJIbUa. 

T~KHM 

06pa30~, npn MOHTaXe TYP~WH C03AalOTCR OCeBhIe Ae- 

@O~M~UMH KaK BHYTpeHHHX BPaLLlaIoUIIXCR, TaK M HaPYXHbIX HenOABHXHbIX 

~e~anefi TYP~HH~I ki paAUanbHbIX n0~IHIl~HHKOB CeKunn. 

Ecnn ~e@op~aun~ BparuaIorukixcR ~e~aneii oTnnzIaeTcR OT Ae- 

@OPM~~UH HenOABkiXHbIX, TO U3MeHReTCR PaCCTOXHUe MeXAy BXOA- 

HbIMH KPOMKaMki K P ~ ~ ~ H~TyIIe~efi H X POTOpa ki OH0 He 6 y ~ e T paBH0 

' PaCeTORHMK, MeXAy COOTBeTCTByIoI4IlMH BXOAHbIMU KPOMKaMki CTYne~efi 

CTaTOpa. TO IIPHBOAHT K YMeHbUleHHH) AnRHbI CBO~O~~HO~O 

I OCeBOrO XOQa BaJIa TYP~NHHO~~ CeKUNN. ~ P N MOHTaXe AOJIXHO 

6b1Tb 06ecne~e~o PaBeHCTBO A~@OPM~UH~~ CXaTIIR BPaI4aIOI4HXCR 

I HeBPauaK)uNXCR neraneii, sT0 06ecness~ae~ M~KcHM~JI~H~I$ 

AW@T co6pa~kioro Bans TYP~HHM. Ha IIpaKTEiKe 3T0 AOCTllraeTCR 

peraa~e~~auuefi BennqnH HaTRroB KoHngecKnx pe3h6. HaTRr nony- 

MY@T~I OnpeAenReTcR KaK cyma ~e@op~aunii - cxame ~e~ane$ 

MOHTHPY~M~IX Ha sany, pacTRxeHne sana: 

I 

I 

I 

) 

Ann po-ropa 

AnR Kopnyca 

Ap=hp+h,; 

Ac=hc+h,, 

me dp H Ac - HaTRI'U KOHYCHO~~ pe3b6b1 COOTBeTCTBeHHO nOny- 

MY@TM n sana, coeAnHnTenbHoro nepeBoAHnKa n Kopnyca npn MOH- 

Taxe; hp n Ac - ~e@op~auns ~e~anefi poTopa n cTaTopa; hB n 

hK - ne@op~aun~ ~e~anefi sana M Kopnyca. 

KpenJIe~~e ~e~anefi TYP~HH~I PaCCMOTPeHHbIM CIIOCO~OM o6ecneym3ae-r 

TaKxe rep~e~n3ax1nm c T m a MexAy TopuaMn ~e~anefi. 

PA c6op~e Ulnll~~eJlb~ofi CeKQHM ~HU@BQWPOB~HHO~O TYP~O~Ypa 

AeTaJIH n0AllrEinHUKOB Ha POTOpe KpenRTCR HaBPiHzIHBaHHeM no- 

JIYMY@T~I Ha Ban, npn KOTOPOM ee TopeK HaxnMaeT Ha ~ o p u b ~ 

fie- 

TaJIefi, CMOHTHPOBaHHbIX Ha Bany. noJIyMy@Ta ki Ban MMeIoT KOHYC- 

HYIO pesb6y Fi BeJlHqllHa HaTRra OIIpeAeJIReTCR no BHyTPeHHeMY 

TOpuy 3~0fi pe3b6b1, a HaTRr - PaCCTORHIleM MeXAy HaPYXHbIMII 

TOpuaMH IIOCJIe CBllHqkIBaHClR A0 YnOpa. 

Perynnposa~ne lrrnu~~enb~oii ceKunn sa~nmsae~c~ B o6ecne- 

YeHllH HOPManbHbIX ~e@opMauMfi MHOrOpRAHOrO nOAUlHnHMKa, 

a TaKxe CT~IKOBKH mnaHAenR c ~yp6n~~ofi ce~uneii. ~ T U 

HllR OTHOCRTCII K MOHTaXY KaK U~~PNKOBO~~, TaK II pe3HHOMeTaJnHsec~ofi 

oce~oii onope, XOTR AJIR nocne~~eii OHH He RsnRIoTcR cTonb 

CTpOrNMM. 

nPaBllnbHOCTH MOHTaXa YHH@~~&MPOB~HHOTO UlnHHAe- 

~pe6osa- 

KOHTPOJI~ 

JIR COCTONT B OIIpeAeJIeHHM HaTRTOB KOHkI.IeCKHX pe3b6; AnR IIOny- 

My@TbI - no BHYTPeHHeMY TOPQY, KOHTaKTIIPYlOUeMY C BaJIOM, AJIR 

IIePeBOAHAKa - no HaPYXHOMY TOPUY, KOHTaKTHPYlOUeMY C KOpny-

COM. 3TN HaTRrN PaCC9NTbIBalOT H OHM AOJIXHbI 6bITb YBR3aHbl 

C A~@O~M~UNHMN N yCNJINRMN MOHTaXa HaPyXHbIX U BHYTpeHHUX 

~e~anefi noAruunHuKa. HPN KpenneHm BHyTpeHHHx ~e~anefi 

me A, - HaTRr no KOHYCHO~~ pesb6e nepeBoAHnKa; hK, - ~e@op- 

MaUNR PaCTRXeHNR KOPnYCa npN MOHTaXe; h~n N -~e@Op~a- 

UNR CXaTNR AeTaJIefi COOTBeTCTBeHHO ynOpHbIX N PaANaJIbHbIX nOA- 

UINnHHKOB. 

A6conm~~b1e 3HaYeHHR MNHNManbHhIX HaTRrOB AJIR 3JIeMeHTOB 

YHN@NUNPOB~HH~IX UlnNHAeJIbHbIX ceKUNfi ITpNBeAeHbI HNXe. 

n p N NX OllpeAeJIeHNN nPUHRTb1 CJIeAylOUNe BeJINsNHbI ~03@@N- 

UNeHTOB: 3anaCa m=1,7 N TpeHHR f=0,05. ~ T HaTRrN U AaHbI AnFI 

ycJ'l0~Nfi ~YP~HNR C BbICOKNMN ANHaMNYeCKNMH Harpy3KaMN. Ansl 

&PyrNX ycJI0~kifi OHN AOJIXHbI KOPPeKTNPOBaTbCR. 

Ko~rponb~ble 3HaqeHHH HarHrOB H YCHJIH~~ npH MOHTaXe IlInHHAeJIbHtJX ce~q~fi 

Tunopaa~ep ~yp606ypa 

Mu~u~anb~afi HaTRF, 

3TCUI 1-240 A9UI 3TCUI 12- 195 A7UI A6UI 

MM: 

KOHYCHOA nony~ya- 

TH A. . . . . . 1,20 1,20 2,OO 1,80 0,88 

nepe~o~ausa A, . . 0,93 0,93 1,65 1,50 1,OO 

Pe~o~e~AyeMblfi HaTRF, 

MM: 

KOHYCHOA nony~ya- 

~ b l 

A, . . . . . 2,00 2,OO 4,OO 3,60 2,OO 

IIepeBOAHHKa A, . . 1,60 1,60 3,30 3,30 2,40 

Ycunue cmarus npri 

M O H T ~ P., ~ ~ KH . . 1650 1650 1000 1000 7001 

5 5. 3KCflJlYATALl.UR TYPEOEYPOB 

AnR ~@@~KTNBHO~O NCnOJlb30BaHNR ~yp606ypa ero AkiaMeTp U 

THn CJIeAyeT ~bI6Npa~b B 3aBUCUMOCTN OT KOHKPeTHbIX YcJIoBU~~ 6y- 

PeHNR. Hapyx~b~fi ANaMeTp ~yp606ypa AOnXeH 6b1~b Ha 25- 

30 MM MeHbUle ANaMeTpa AOJIOTa. Tpe6o~a~~~ 

K XapaKTepHCTkiKe 

~yp606ypa ki YNCny ero ceKUNfi OnpeAenRlOTCR YCJIOBNRMN o6ecneseHm 

H~O~XOAHMO~O pexaMa pa60~b.1 AonoTa. 

~@@~?KTNBHOCT~ ~ Y ~ ~ HBO N MHOrNX R CJIYYaRX 3aBNCNT OT COOT- 

HOIIIeHUR BeJIHYUHM ~NAP~BJINY~CKO~~ MOUHOCTN, ~OABOAUMO~~ K AOnoTy 

n ~yp606ypy. YoJIN~~cTBo n p o ~ a z ~ u ~ a e XNAKOCTN ~ o f i onpeAe- 

JIReTCR TMnOM N pa3MepOM AOnOTa, a He X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ N CTYP~O- T H K O ~ 

Bypa, KOTOP~I~~ RBJIReTCR CpeACTBOM AJIR IIpNBOAa AOJlOTa BO Bpa- 

WeHNe. On0pa ~yp606ypa AOJlXHa AOnyCKaTb nm6ym OCeByIO Ha- 

I'PY3Ky, KOTOPaR T ~ ~ ~ Y ~ AJIR T Cpa60~b1 R AOnOTa. 

noJIe3~aR MOUHOCTb H~COCHO~~ YCTaHOBKU 

Nnn = NA+N~K+N~+N~~, (XII.12) 

rAe NA - MOUHOCTb, nOABOANMaR K AOJIOTY (50-60°/0 nOJIe3~0fi 

MOUHOCTN H~COCOB) ; N6K - MOUHOCT~, sa~pasu~ae~a~ Ha npoeas- 

KY XNAKOCTN sepes 6ypNJIbHy1o KOJIOHHY; NT - MOUHOCT~, sa~pa- 

smaeMaR Ha BpaueHue sana ~yp606ypa; N3, - MOUHOCT~ sa~pa- 

WiBaeMaR Ha IIpOKasKy XHAKOCTH B ~ ~ T P Y ~ H OITpOCTpaHCTBe M 

H Ha n0A'beM BM~YP~HHO~~ nOpOAbI (5-10°/0 IIOJIe3HOfi MOUHOCTH). 

T~KHM 06pa30~. NaK N NT AOJIXHbI COCTaBJIRTb 30--45O/o. 

ru~pa~nwsec~ax MOUHOCT~, pacxoAyeMaR B ~yp606ype, 

NT= (0,5+0,6) NHn-NaK. (XII.13) 

! ~ O T ~ PMOIUHOCTN A 

B 6ypenb~ofi KOJIOHHe N APYrllX 3JIeMeHTaX 

UNPK~JIRUNOHHOR CUCTeMbI BbI9UCJIRfOTCR no @o~MYJI~M (VII.3), 

I 

3~ecb 

) 

q - 06u~fi K. n. A. ~yp606ypa; Q - PaCXOA XUAKOCTU. 

JJnR ~b16opa ~yp606ypa N OnpeAeneHuR H~O~XOAUM~IX napaMeT- 

POB N pexuMa pa6o~b1 6ypo~b1x HacocoB AenamT pacrIeTM unu onpeAenRmT 

ux napaMeTpM no HoMorpaMMaM, s~06b1 06e~rfe911~b on- 

TuManbHbIe napaMeTpb1 npoKazIusaHuR pacmopa sepes AonoTo 

c YYeTOM H~O~XOAUM~IX MOUHOCTN N AaBJIeHMR Ha ~yp606ype ti 

KOJINWCTBa PaCTBOpa B OCTaJIbHbIX 3JIeMeHTaX UMPKYJIR~MOHHO~~ 

CNCTeMbI. 

Ha~o NMeTb B BNAY, 9TO BbICOKaR ~@@~KTUBHOCT~ NCnOJIb30Ba- 

HUH ~yp606ypa 06ecnes~~ae~c~ ero HaAexHocTbm, YTO 3a~na~b1- 

BaeTCR B npOUeCCe er0 KOHCTpyNpOBaHNR, 06ecnes~~ae~c~ KaqeCT- 

BeHHbIM U3rOTOBJIeHNeM N TeXHNYeCKNM o~cJI~XNB~HN~M. 

np~ TpaHCnOpTNpOBKe ~yp606ypa Ha 6ypo~ym AOJIXHa 6bI~b 

06ecnese~a ero coxpaHHocTb. Bo us6exa~kie sacope~u~ TYP~UH~I n 

nOBpeWeHNR pe3b6 ~yp606yp H~O~XOANMO TpaHCnOpTNpOBaTb 

C npenOXpaHNTeJIbHbIMN npo6~a~u N KOJnaKaMN. T~~HC~O~TH~ 

~yp606ypo~ BonoKoM N c6pacb1~a~we ux npw pa3rpy3~e HeAony- 

CTUMbI.

nepen coenuHeHueM ce~sufi 

~yp606ypa Ha 6ypo~oii nx npose- 

PRIOT. ~ J I ~ M ~ ~yp606ypa H T ~ I C BNANMbIMN A~@~KT~MN: ki IIOBpeXne- 

HIiRMki K c6op~e He AOIIyCKaIOTCR. 

~ o c T ~ ~ N B U IN3 N ~ TYP~NHHOI'O ~ 

UeXa ~yp606yp AOIIyCKaeTCR 

K sKcnnyaTaunn npn cnenymunx YCJIOBNRX: 

2 MM nnR ~yp606ypo~ 

oce~oii nm@~ 

c pe3n~o~e~annwsec~oii 

oce~oii onopoii N He 6onee 0,4 MM c ruapo~oii oce~oii onopoii; 

BeJINrIAHa IIOfi'beMa Bans B BePXHNX CeKUNRX HaXOANTCA B COOT- 

BeTCTBAA C y~a3a~~ofi B NHCTPYKUNN; 

IIepeIIaA naBJleHNR B ~yp606ype COOTBeTCTBYeT IIaCIIOPTHOMY; 

BCe pe3b6o~b1e COenNHeHliR rePMeTNsHbI IIpN IIpOKasKe PaCTBOpa, 

PaCXOA KOTOPOI'O COOTBeTCTByeT IIaCnOpTHOMy. 

nepen CnyCKOM B CKBaXNHy Ban ~yp606ypa IIpOBepRIOT Ha ner- 

KOCTb BpaueHNR, IIPOBOPOTa er0 KJIWqOM IIpN MOMeHTe He 6onee 

200 H.M. uenecoo6pa3~o nepen CIIyCKOM ~yp606yp onpo60sa~b 

Han cTonoM poTopa. 3anyc~a~bc~ OH AonxeH npn nasneHnn 

1-1,5 Mna. nepenan nasneHnR H~O~XO~HMO @NKCNPOB~T~ B ero 

nacnopTe n ~YPOBOM XypHane. npa onpo6o~a~wa ~yp606yp &on- 

XeH pa60~a~b 6e3 PbIBKOB N IInaBHO OCTaHaBJlNBaTbCR IIpN IIpeKpaueanw 

nonasn pacmopa. 

PUC. XII.9. BHHTOBO~~ 3a60Rnb1R ABHraTeJIb HI-195: 

B IIpOUeCCe pa6o~b1 H~O~XOANMO CJIeANTb 3a N3MeHeHNeM JIIO@- 

1, 6, 7 - B ~ ~ X H H CP~AHH~~ 

~ , H HHXHHR IIepeBOAHHKH; 2 - ~ ~ ~ ~ A H BKnanaH; H O R 3 - POTOP; 4 - 

CTaTOp; 5 

Ta BaJIa. B IIpOUeCCe 6ype~NR ~yp606yp MOXeT OCTaHOBHTbCR - AByXIIlapHHpHOe COenHHeHHe; 8 - COeAHHHTeJIbHafl MY@T~; 9 - KOpIIyC ILInHHAenn; 

10 - MHOrOpnnHan ynopHafl ILIapOBan onopa; 11 - pa)lHanb~bIR IlOAILIHnHHK; 12 --Ban UInHH- 

BCJleACTBNe IIeperpy3KN, CHNXeHNR IIOAaqH HaCOCOB HJIN HeHCIIpaB- 

nens; 13 - HHnnenb: 14 - H ~ ~ ~ O ~ O T nepeBonHHK 

H H R 

HOCTM. B nepBhIx AByx CJIyqaRx H~O~XOAMMO IIOIIbITaTbCR ~yp606yp 

3anyCTNTb, pa3rPY3NB OIIOpy, IIpNnOAHRB er0 HaA 3a60e~, N nose- 

no 3 ~ 6 b R CTaTOpa: ~ Ocb pOTOpa npki 3TOM ABNXeTCR II0 OKPYXHO- 

CTM HOflaqy a0 YCT~HOB~~HHO~~ IIaCIIOpTOM. Ecnn 3aIIyCTNTb He yna- 

CTN ANaMeTpOM, PaBHbIM ABO~~HOMY 3KCUeHTPNCNTeTY e. AnR CoeAH- 

JIOCb, ~yp606yp IIOAHNMaIOT Ha IIOBepXHOCTb N YCTpaHRIOT HeHC- 

HeHnR poTopa c BanoM mnnHAenR, cooc~o pacnonoXeHHoro c KOPnpaBHOCTb 

NJIN HaIIpaBJIRWT Ha PeMOHT. 

nyCOM, CJlyXNT LLlapOBaR nByXLIIapHNpHaR MY@T~, KOMneHCHpyIO- 

O ~ p a 6 0 ~ a ~ ~ bTYP~O~YP I f i YKJIaflbIBaIOT Ha MOCTKN N Ha KOpIIyCe 

u a R ~KC~~HTPNCNT~T. 

nenamT noMeTKy . K HeMy npnKnaAbxsaloT 3anon~e~- 

UIIki~fleJIb BNHTOBOrO ABNI'aTeJIR CXOAeH no KOHCTPYKUMM CO 

~blfi IIaCnOpT, B KOTOPOM YKa3bIBaIOT HOMep ~Y~OBOR, AaTM HaqaJIa 

runnHneneM ~yp606ypa. OH yKpenneH Ha pannanbHbIx pe3n~o~e- 

Pi KOHUa ero pa60~b1, BpeMR pa60~b1 B sacax, NHTepBaJI 6ype~n~, 

TannnsecKnx noAmnnHnKax N c~a6xe~ mapo~oii n~~oii nnR BOCnapaMeTpbr 

6ypo~oro pacTBopa n npnsnHbI o~~a3a. 

npnmnn oce~oii ~arpy3~n. Ban mnmnenn - nyc~o~en~fi, B sepx- 

I ~eti sacm C H ~ ~ X KaHanaMn ~ H AnR npoxona XAAKOCTN K AOJIOTy, 

IIpNCOe~NHReMOMy qepe3 IIepeBOnHIlK K H N X H ~ YaCTH ~ ~ Bans ABHra- 

TenR. Kopnyc nocnemero sepes nepeBonHnK npnKpennReTcR K HMX- 

~efi saCTA 6ypNnb~0fi KOJIOHHbI. 

no npUH~Uny nefiC~~N5I BUHTOBhIe nBHraTeJlH OTHOCRTCR K 06%- 

BNHTOBOR HBNraTeJIb nPeACTaBJIReT co6oii 3a60fi~b1fi arperaT eMHbIM POTOPHbIM MaLLINHaM. OCHOBH~IMH 3JIeMeHTaMN pa6o~nx 

(~Nc. XII.9) C rHnpaBJIH'4eCKNM O~WMH~IM ABNraTeJIeM, IIpkiBOAN- 

OpraHOB TaKNX MamNH RBJIRIOTCR: 

M~IC B H ~ ~ ~ C TIIOTOKOM B N ~ 6yp0~0r0 PaCTBOpa, KOTOP~I~~ 3a~asn- 

CTaTOp - KOpIIyC C IIOJIOCTRMN, IIPAMbIKaIOuNMN no KOHUaM N 

BaeTCR B ~YPNJ'I~HYIO KOJIOHHY C IIOBePXHOCTM HaCOCaMM. 

KaMepaM BbICOKOrO N HN3KOrO AaBJIeHNR; 

BNHTOBO~~ ABNraTenb COCTOHT N3 CTaTOpa N 3KCUeHTPN9HO PaC- 

~e~yukifi POTOP - BNHT, ~pauaIOuHfi MOMeHT KOTOPOrO nepenonoxeHHoro 

BnHToBoro poTopa, npencTasnRIouero co6oii KaK 6b1 

AaeTcR sany runnHAenR; 

3y6sa~yw napy C BHYTPeHHNM 3aUenJleHNeM C BNHTOBMMN 3~6bR~Pi. 

BNHTOB~IC noBepxHocTn cTaTopa n poTopa nenm pa6osnfi 06%qncno 

3~6be~ CTaTOpa Ha OnNH 6onbrue 3 ~6be~ POTOpa, sTO nos~o- 

eM ABNraTeJlR Ha PRA IIoJIocT~~~. ~O~OCTN, CBR3aHHbIe C O~JI~CTHnReT 

eMy COBepLLIaTb IIJIaHeTapHOe ABNXeHNe, KaK 6b1 0 6 ~ a ~ h I ~ a ~ ~ b 

MN BbICOKOrO N HN3KOrO AaBJIeHNR, Ha3bIBaIOTCR KaMepaMN, a 3aMK-

myme ~OJIOCTU - UJIIO~~MU. B nonepesHoM ceseHuu uMemTcR Ka- 

MepH, pa3AeJIeHHbIe MeXAy co6oR KOHT~KTHO~~ JIUHU~~~. Kaxnas 

n

me p - nepenan AaBneHm, na; D - pacse,r~b~fi 

ANaMeTp POTOpa, 

M; f -War 3~6beB POTOpa, M; e - 3KCUeHTpNCNTeT, M; 21 - 

sNCJI0 3~6be~ CTaTOpa. 

nonepeq~a~ ynenbHaR cma (B HIM) Ha AnIlHe nonosmm ruara 

poTopa 

Tg=pDt/2. (XII.19) 

(ce - 6e3pa3~epHb1h IIapaMeTp, RBJIFIIO~N~~CR OTHOUIeHUeM 3KCueHTpNcmeTa 

e K paAHycy 3y6a saqenne~~~ r). 

YAeJIb~blfi MOMeHT 3aBEICMT OT YNCJIa 3aXOAOB pOTOpa N 6e3pa3- 

MepHor0 IlapaMeTpa Ce. no @N~H~~cKoM~' CMbICJIY OH IIPeACTaBJIReT 

~060fi MOMeHT BMHTOBOI'O MeXaHH3Ma C eANHNYHbIh~lN pa3MepaMH 

(D, e Pi t) N eAMHNrIHbIM IIepenaAOM AaBJIeHNR. Yae.'lb~b~fi MOMeHT 

MNHNMaJIeH AJIR OAH03aXOAHbIX MeXaHM3MOB Pi BO3paCTaeT C YBeJIN- 

YeHNeM wcna ~~XOAOB. 

qac~o~a BpauemR sana BNHTOB~IX ~ ~ ~ l r a ~ eO n ~ e f~ i ~ 

CTBHR 

M Hnefi- O ~ O 

n= Q/ Vo, (XI I .22) 

vo=FmT~z. (XI I .23) 

3~ecb F, - nnouanb nonepeworo ceseHm runma, M*; T - 

mar BNHTOBO~~ IIOBePXHOCTN CTaTOpa, M; 22 -YNCJIO 3~6be~ PO- 

Topa. 

B BNHTOBbIX ABNraTeJIRX C rNIIO~UKJIONAaJIbHbIM UeHTPONAHbIM 

sauenne~~e~ nnouaAb cerIeHm runm3a 

Kpo~e 

TO~O, nocKonbKy nepeAaToqHoe wicno onpeAenReT CKO- 

POCTN nepeHOCHOr0 @nep N OTHOCNTeJIbHOrO OOT ABNX~HH~~, MOX- 

HO 3anHCaTb 

~ n e p / ~ = o 22. r 

(XI 1.25) 

(XI I .26) 

Puc. XII.11. PaBoqa~ xa- 

PaKTepHCTUKa BUHTOBOrO 

nBuraTenrr A2- 172M npu 

~OCTORHHOM pacxone pac- 100 

TBOpa 

1 3 ~ M , K H M 

no @~s~.rec~o~y 

cMbIcny Benuwea no npeAcTasnReT co6ofi yac- 

TOTy BpaIUeHNR BRHTOBOrO MeXaHN3Ma C eAHHHYHblMN reoMeTpN- 

YeCKNMN pa3MepaMN I4 eAMHNrIHbIM PaCXOAOM XNAKOCTN. BHHTOB~I~ 

ABIiraTeJIM C OAH03aXOAHbIM POTOPOM RBJIRlOTCR BMCOKOCKOPOCT- 

HbIMN, n03TOMy 6onee Pa~NOHanbHbI MHOr03aXOAHbIe BNHTOBbIe Me- 

XaHN3MbI. B ZIaCTHOCTM, AJIR nOJyrIeHNR YaCTOTbI BpaueHHR BMXOA- 

Horo Bana AsMraTenR B npenenax 100-200 O~/MNH YNCJIO 3aXOAOB 

pOTOpa flOJIXH0 6b1~b He MeHee BOCbMB. B ABNraTeflRX A1-195 

&2-172~ ~b16pa~0 YNCJIO 3aXOAOB POTOpa, PaBHOe AeBRTN. 

3~epre~~qec~~e 

napaMeTpb1 BwToBoro rNApaBnwiecKoro ABN- 

TaTeJIR OnpeAenRIoTCR er0 IIepeAaTOrIHbIM YNCJIOM, IIepenaAOM AaB- 

JIeHAR I? PaCXOAOM pa6oqeii XNAKOCTN. ~ P N IIOCTORHHOM PaCXO- 

ne Q ABuraTenb xapa~~ep~3ye~c~ 

N ~ M ~ H ~ H Bpawawwero N ~ M 

MO- 

MeHTa OT IIepeIIaAa AaBJIeHNR Ap, YaCTOTbI BPaueHNR n Bans 

runasnem, MOWHOCTN N M K, n. A. q. 

Ha PNC. XII.11 IIpNBefieHa pa60ya~ XapaKTepNCTNKa BkiHTOBOrO 

3a60ii~oro ABNraTenR A2-172~. 

HakiGonbrua~ YaCTOTa BP2WeHMR COOTBeTCTBYeT PeXMMY XOJIO- 

CTOrO XOAa, a M ~ K c N M ~ J I ~ ~paIUaIolUNfi H ~ I ~ ~ MOMeHT - pe>r

aeT 0,5-0,55. npki AOCTPiXeHHki npeAeJIbHOr0 MOMeHTa TOPMOXe- 

HHR Ban ABHraTeJIR OCTaHaBJIABaeTCR, a BeJIHsMHa AaBJIeHHR Onpe- 

AeJIReTCR rePMeTkIqH0CTbIo napbI POTOP - CTaTOp. npki HapyUleHkiH 

I'epMeTkiqHOCTFi PaCTBOp npOTeKaeT qepe3 ABHraTeJIb. 

B pa6osefi o6nac~n OT pexnMa xonocToro xona no onTwManb- 

Horo sacToTa BpaueHwrl n npmo nponopqwoHanbHa pacxony Q, 

II03TOMy npEi N ~ M ~ H ~ PaCXOAa H ~ N Ql Ha Q2 saCTOTa BpaUeHkirl 

nz=nlQ21Q~. (XII.28) 

C ysenwseHneM pacxona pacmopa nnanaso~ 

yc~ofis~~ofi pa6o- 

TH nsnraTenrr pacmnpReTcR. B BWHTOBHX nBnraTenRx sacToTa Bpa- 

UeHUR CyqeCTBeHHO 3aBIICkIT OT BeJIWLIHHbI Bpa4aIoUerO MOMeHTa. 

B 3TWX nBHraTeJIRX no Mepe HX H3HOCa XapaKTepIlCTHKN YXyA- 

UlaIOTCR. TO ~~'~RCHR~TCR IIOBbIUleHkieM YTeYeK XIIAKOCTN Ziepe3 

3a3opb1 no Mepe nx ysennseHnR npw nssoce. MBHOC poTopa ~i cTa- 

TOpa no BbICTynaM H npo@~JlIO 3~6be~ nPHBOAMT K HaPYIIIeHWK) 

rePMeTMsHOCTA pa6osefi napbI, yBeJIki'ieHHIO O ~ ' ~ ~ M H IlOTepb ~ I X U 

CHEiXeHkIIO H ~ T P Y ~ O ~ XaPaKTePHCTHKPi. H O ~ ~ 

~ H O pa6oseii C 

napbl OnpenenReT 

M ~ X ~ ~ M O H Tcpo~ H ~ I ~ ~ 

50-200 q B 3aBNCkiMOCTPi OT KaqeCTBa ABMraTejIR H CBO~CTB 6~~0- 

BOrO PaCTBOPa. 

qac~o~a spawe- 

HHR, O~/MHH . . 

Bpaualoqnfi 

MOMeHT, KH.M 

MO~HOCT~, KBT 

Pacxoa XAAKO- 

CTA, M~/C . . . 

nepenaa Aasne- 

HWR, Mna . . 

Hapyx~blri Aria- 

MeTP, 

- 

MM . . . 

Anw~a, M . . 

Macca, Kr . . 

n 

cnyx6b1 nsnraTenR, coc~a~n~m~~ii 

p n M e p X11.5. Onpe~enn~b nepeAaTosHoe sncno BUHTOBOrO Asnra- 

TenR 42-172M n saCTOTy ero BpaueHnR npn pacxone 6ypo~oro pacTBopa Q= 

=0,025 M~/c. Aa~o: sncno 3~6be~ cTaTopa zl= 10 n poTopa z2=9; pa6osnR 

o6-0e~ BNHTOBOrO ABNraTenR Vo= 0,Ol M3. 

Peme~ne. 

nepena~os~oe sncno onpenenReM no cpop~yne (XII.17) 

n p Ei M e p XII.6. Ha CKOnbKO YMeHblUllTCR KPYTRUH~~ MOMeHT BHHTOBOrO 

MO- 

ABnraTenR 42-172M, ecnn npn nepenaae AaeneHnR pl=6 Mna OH pa3~nsae~ 

MeHT M1=5 KHSM, a @a~~nsec~nii nepenaa AaeneHwR pa=5 Mna. 

3neK~po6yp cnyxaT AnR npmona BO BpaueHne nonoTa. 

OH IIpejJCTaBnReT co6oii 3a60fi~b1fi arperaT C 3JIeKTpH'ieCKPiM BBHraTeneM 

~pex@as~oro nepeMeHHoro ToKa. 3ne~~po3~epr~i~ 

K Henfy 

nepenaeTcR c nosepxHocTH no K~~~JIIO, pacnonoxeHHoMy BHYTPM 

KOJIOHHH 6~~1lJlb~b1x TPY~. 06opyno~a~~e Ha YCTaHOBKe npn 6ype- 

HUH ~ J ~ ~ K T ~ o ~ IlpHMeHReTCR Y ~ o M B OCHOBHOM TaKOe Xe, KaK Ii nPH 

6ype~ww POTOpHbIM Hnti TYP~IIHH~IM C~OCO~OM. 3 n e ~ ~ p 0 6 y p a ~ H 

~YPRT CKBaXNHbI rny6n~oii A0 5000 M. 

H~CKOJI~KO OTJIH~HO~ RBJIReTCR CXeMa ~ J I ~ K T ~ o c H ~ ~ X 3neK- ~ H E ~ R 

~p06yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKN. CHJIOBO~~ T ~ ~ H C @ O ~ M ~ MOUHOCTbIO 

T O ~ 

630 KH.A C HOMHHaJIbHbIM TOKOM 155 A IlMeeT nBe BTOPHqHbIX 06- 

MOTKW. OAH~ H3 HHX CJIYXNT AJIR nHTaHHR 3ne~~po6ypa Ei MMeeT 

25 c~yne~efi perynEiposaHnR HanpRxeHnR B npenenax 1 100- 

2300 B. Apyra~ BTOPPiqHaR O~MOTK~ HanpRXeHHeM 525 B ripen- 

~as~ase~a nnR nnTaHEiR 3 n e ~ ~ p o j ~ ~ ~ i r a npmona ~ e n e f i ne6en~n H 

poTopa. 

Ha YCTaHOBKe npkiMeHReTCR nOnOJIHEiTeJIbH0 KOMnneKTHOe 

YCTPO~~CTBO AJIR BKJIIOYeHMR N 3aUEiTbI 3ne~~p06ypa, M3MePeHkiR 

~JI~KTPH~~CKEIX napaMeTpoB H c ~ r ~ a n ~ i 3o a ~ COCTORHE~H n n ~JI~KTPO- 

6ypa. B TO YCTPO~~CTBO COCTOHT Ei3 CTaHUEiU YnpaBJIeHEiR, HaBeCHbIX 

WK~@OB, BOJIbTMeTpa Ei TpeX aMnepMeTpOB, 6no~a N3MePeHEIR COnpOTPiBJIeHHR 

Ei3OJIRUEiM CEiCTeMbI TOKOnPOBOfi - 3ne~~po6yp ki 

KHOnKH AJIR BKJlloqeHPiR Ei BbIKJIIOrIeHkiR 3ne~~po6ypa. 

Ha PEiC. X11.12, a nOKa3aHa KOMnOHOBKa 6ypEinb~0fi KOJTOHH~I 

C N I ~ K T ~ O ~ ~ COCTORIUaR ~ O M , Pi3 aCHHXPOHHOr0 T P ~ X @ ~ ~ H3JIeK- O ~ O 

TpOABMraTeJlR 8 IlepeMeHHOrO TOKa C KOPOTK03aMKHYTbIM POTOPOM, 

PeAyKTOpa-BCTaBKU 9 AJIR CHHXeHHR qaCTOTbI BPaUeHNR, IIIIIBHjJe- 

JIR 10 nJIR BOCnpEiRTEiR OCeBbIX HaTPY30K, K KOTOPOMY IlpEiCOenti- 

HReTCR AOJIOTO 11. ABEira~enb 3~1e~Tp06ypa COeAEiHeH C YCTPO~~CT- 

BOM AJIR KOHTPOJIR ero ~ i ~ o n ~ u(YKM) a w 7. 

B 6ypEiJIb~yIO KOJIOHHY TaKXe B);OnRT YET 6 a 6 y p ~ n b ~ b Tpy- l e 

6b1 5, 06pa~~blfi KnanaH 4, BenyUaR ~py6a 3, BHYTPH KOTOP~IX pacnonolKeH 

~a6eJlb, ~ O A B O ~ R I 3JIeK~po3HeprHlo ~ N ~ ~ 

K 3Jle~~p06ypy. 

TOK K 3JIeKTpOBepTJIlory 2 IIOCTynaeT OT CEiJlOBOrO T ~ ~ H c @ o ~ M ~ -

. Puc. XII.12. Cxe~a nuTaHuu 9JIe~~p06ypa no 

cucTeMe nna nponona -- ~py6a 

EypanbHaR KOJIOHHa CoeAUHeHa 

YHbIM BePTJIH)rOM 1, IIOABeUeH- 

H~IM Ha K p m e K ~ane~oii cucTeMe 

6yp0~0fi YCTaHOBKU. 

Ha puc. XII.12,6 no~a3a~a cxeMa 

IIOABOAa TOKa K ~JI~KTPO~YPY 

IIO CU- 

CTeMe ABa IIpOBOAa - ~py6a (HnT), 

TP~TU~? IIpOBOA 3JIeKTpOABIIraTeJIR 

HeH qepe3 YKM C KOJIOHHO~~ 

asneHue Ha AonoTo paspy- 

UIeHIIR IIOpOAbI TaK He, KaK II IIpH 

POTOPHOM ~YP~HIIII, co3~ae~c~ HUX- 

Hefi YaCTbIO 6ypUJIbHoii KOJIOHHbI, KO- 

TOpaR BOCIIpIIHIIMaeT P ~ ~ K T U B H MO- ~ I ~ ~ 

MeHT. Pa36ypeHHaR IIOpOAa BbIHO- 

CHTCR Ha IIOBepXHOCTb ~YPOBHM PaC- 

TBOPOM IIO KOJIbUeBOMy IIpOCTpaHCTBy 

MeXAy CTeHKaMII CKBaXIIHbI U 6ypUJIbH0fi 

KOJIOHHO~~. EYPOBO~~ PaC- 

TBOP, HarHeTae~b~fi HaCOCaMII sepe3 BepTJIIOr BHYTPb KOJIOHHbI 6y- 

PUJIbHbIX TPY~ C K Z ~ ~ ~ J I IIOABOAIITCR ~ M , 

K 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJIIO U IIO 

er0 IIyCTOTeJIOMy BaJIy sepe3 OTBePCTkiR B BaJIaX ~ ~ A Y K T O ~ H O ~ ~ 

BCTaBKII II UnUHAeJIR IIOCTyIIaeT K AOJIOTy. H~kira~eJIb, PeAyKTOp 

H IIOAUHIIHUKU UnHHAeJIR HanOJIHeHbI MaCJIOM U UMeIOT CUCTeMY 

3aUUTbI OT IIPOHUKHOBeHIIR BHYTPb ~~POBOI-0 PaCTBOpa. 

~ ~ ~ H M Y U ~ C T B 3JIeKTpHYeCKOrO ~ M H 

ABIIraTeJIR IIO CpaBHeHIIIO 

C rUAPaBJIIIqeCKIIM RBJIRIOTCR: He3aBUCIIMOCTb gaCTOTb1 BpaUeHIIR 

OT HarPY3KII Ha AOJIOTO, MOMeHTa U ApyrUX IIapaMeTpOB OT KOJIIIqecTsa 

no~a~ae~oii XUAKOCTU, ee nnoTHocTH II @usuqec~ux CBO~~CTB 

u ~JIY~IIH~I CKBaXUHbI; IIOCTORHCTBO qaCTOTb1 BpaweHUR, 60JIb~laR 

neperpy30YHaH CIIOCO~HOCT~ 3JIeKTpOABIIraTeJIR; B03MOXHOCTb KOHT- 

POJIR KPIIBII3Hb1, OTKJIOHeHUR CTBOJIa CKBaXIIHbI II IIpOUeCCa pa6o- 

TbI C IIOBePXHOCTU 3eMJIII. K HeAOCTaTKaM 3JIeKTpOABIIraTeJIR OTHO- 

CRTCR H~O~XOAHMOCT~ OAHOB~~M~HHO~~ IIOAaYki K 3a6010 AByX BMAOB 

sHepruu - sne~~pusec~oii II ru~pa~nuqec~ofi n CJIOXHOCT~ KOHCTpyKUuu. 

3JIeK~p06yp (~uc. XII.13) IIpeACTaBJIReT co6ofi UIIJIIIHApUqe- 

CKH~~ 3HaqII~eJIbHofi AJIIIHbI rep~e~UYHb1fi M~cJIoH~IIoJIH~HH~I~? TpeX- 

@a3Hb1fi ~CIIHXPOHH~I~~ 3JIeKTPOABIIraTeJIb C KOPOTK03aMKHYTbIM PO- 

TOPOM 11 I13 HeCKOJIbKUX c~KUII~~. Kopnyc CTaTOpa 4 3JIeKTpO- 

ABIIraTeJIR IIpeACTaBJIReT co6ofi ~py6y C COeAIIHUTeJIbHbIMU pe3b- 

6a~u Ha KOHUaX, B KOTOPYIO 3aIIpeCCOBaHbI IIaKeTbI M ~ ~ H W T H O ~ ~ 

cTanu 8, qepenyIouHecR c naKeTaMH H ~ M ~ ~ H H T H O ~ ~ 

cTanu 9. no-

eoR O~MOTKO~~ TNna . I

U1~@p . . . . 3290-12 3240-8 3215-8M 3185-8 3170-8M 3164-8M 

Dna~e~p, MM 290 240 215 185 170 164 

nnu~a, M* . . 14,02 13,40 13,93 12,5 12,14 12,30 

HOMHH~JI~H~R 

MO~HOCT~, KBT 240 210 175 125 75 75 

qac~o~a spaue- 

Hwa, O~/MUH: 

3neKTpOABH- 

ra~ena . . . 455 690 680 676 695 

rrrnwenens c 

PeAyKTOpOMsc~as~ofi 

. . 145 

Bpauaromnl"i 

MOMeHT Ha Bany 

aeuraTena, 

KH. M: 

HOMWH~JI~HNA 

230 230 240 220 

685 

220 

5,1 2,97 2,5 1 8 1 ,I 

MaKCUMaJIb- 

H H ~ 

. . . . 11 7,6 63 3,6 2,4 2,4 

Ilepena~oueoe 

lqHCJI0 PeAyKTOp a 3,15 3 3 2,92 3,13 3,13 

Macca, T* . . 5,l 3,6 2,9 2,05 1,80 1,65 

A ~ H H Macca ~ y~aaasbl 6e3 peny~ropa-scrae~e. Macca peny~ropa-BCT~BKH 250- 

300 Kr, nnuria 13-2 M. 

3JIeK~pUqe~Kkifi TOK HaIIpFIXeHUeM 1 100-1300 B IIOABOANTCR 

6yp0~0fi no HaPYXHOMY TpeXXNJIbHOMy ~a6e- 

OT T ~ ~ H C @ O ~ M ~ T O ~ ~ 

JIIO K TOKOnPHeMHHKY, YKpenJIeHHOMy HHXe BepTJIIOra. I(a6enb 

BHyTPU 6ypunb~ofi KOJIOHHbI CMOHTUPOBaH OTPe3KaMN-CeKUNFIMN, 

AJIUHa KOTOPbIX PaBHa AJIUHe npUMeHReMbIX ~YPUJI~H~IX TPY~. 

Ha PUC. XII.15 no~a3a~a Ka6eJlb~aFI nByXIlpOBOfiHaR CeKUNR, 

COCTORQaR N3 ABYXNJIbHOrO Ka6eJIFI 3 (ueJI0r0 UJIM OTAeJIbHhlX 

XUJI B), nBYXKOHTaKTHbIX CTePXHR 1 A MY@T~I 5, COeAAHeHHbIX N 

npNByJIKaHH3UpOBaHHbIX K ~a6enm. CeKullFI c~a6Xe~a ~epx~efi 2 N 

H A X H ~ 4 ~ OIIOPaMN. ~ Ha 3TUX OnOpaX Ka6eJIb~a~ CeKUUR KpenUTCR 

BHYTPU ~YPHJI~H~IX TPY~. 

npki CBHHqUBaHUA kI pa3BUH9HBaHHU ~YPUJI~HHX TPY~, 9~06b1 

pacTBop He nonanan B KoHTaKTHym MY@TY, ee pa3~eua10~ B HNX- 

~efi YaCTki TPY~~I npH CnyCKe B CKBaXUHY, a HUnneJIb 6ypUJIb~bIx 

BaMKOB, B KOTOPOM YKpenJIeH KOHT~KTH~I~~ CTePXeHb, nOMeIUaIOT 

BBepXy. ~ O ~ T O MPaCnOJIOXeHUe Y 

3JIeMeHTOB 3aMKOB HPkI 6ype~uu 

3JIe~Tp06ypa~ki O~P~THO~, IIPHHRTOMY B POTOPHOM 6ype~uu. ~ J I ~ K - 

TP03HePrAR K ~JI~KTPO~YPY, HaXOARLUeMYCR B CKBaXHHe, IIOABOANT- 

CFI OT CeTH no ~a6en10 sepe3 KoJIbue~ofi TOKOnPWeMHHK K CeKUURM 

ua6ens, PaCnOJIOXeHHbIM BHYTPN KOJIOHHbI TPY~. C ~ K ~ UK N ~ ~ ~ J I R , 

HaXOARUHeCH BHYTPH BPa4aIOLUerOCR CTBOJIa TOKOnPUeMHNKa, 

C H ~ ~ X ~ ~BTOM~TUY~CKO~~ 

H ~ I 

KOHT~KTHO~~ 

MY@TOR. 

Puc. XII.16. ~ J 

POI~CTBO MY: 

I ~ ~ I ~ w3~epn~enb~oe 

H H O ~ 

1. 6-TpeXKOHTaKTHble CTepXeHb H MY@T~ ~a6enb. 

nor0 eaona; 2, 5-sepx~~rr H HUXHRX OnOphl; 3 - 

KOpnyC; 4-l'ePMe~H~Hbla KOHTCRH~P C H3MePHTenb- 

HOB annaparypoti; 6, C, M - COOTBeTCTBCHHO 6onbwoe, 

cpeneee H Manoe Konbqa TpexKonTaKrHoro COenUHeHHR 

~CT- 

B CBOIO OgepeAb HHXHII~~ KOHeU Ka6eJIb~ofi CeKUUU seny4eR 

Tpy6b1 TaKXe UMeeT aBTOMaTHgeCKyIO KOHTaKTHyIO MY@TY, YKpen- 

JIeHHyIO Ha Onope B ee 3aMKe. npki CBMHsUBaHHH ~YPUJI~HO~O 3aM- 

Ka 3Ta MY@T~ aBTOMaTHqeCKki COeAAHReTCFI C KOHTaKTHbIM CTepX- 

HeM, YKpenJIeHHbZM Ha Onope B HHnneJIe 3aMKa 6ypNfib~ofi T~y6b1. 

~ ~ M K O B MY@T~ ~ R 6ypuJIb~ofi KOJIOHHbI, CBUHqeHHaFI CO BTOPbIM ee 

KOHQOM, ~~a6Xe~a Ta~0fi Xe KOHT~KTHO~~ MY@TOR, %iK li HUXHRR 

gaCTb ~e~y~efi TPY~~I. T~KHMU K ~ ~ ~ J I ~ H CeKuHRMU ~ I M N C KOHTaKT- 

HbIMU MY@T~MH U CTePXHRMA O~OPYAOB~H~I BCe 6ypuJIb~bIe TPY~~I 

KOJIOHHH. B~PXHHR rOJIOBKa ~ J I ~ K T ~ o TaKXe ~ Y P ~ HMeeT KOHT~KTH~I~ 

CTepXeHb, CO~AUHRIO~H~~ ~JI~KTPO~YP C TOKOnOABOnOM. 

T~KHM 06pa30~, BHYTPki KaXAOTO 3JIeMeHTa 6ypuJIb~0fi KOJIOH-. 

HbI eCTb K ~ ~ ~ J I CeKUHFI ~ H ~ F C I aBTOMaTUqeCKUM KOHTaKTHbIM COeAU- 

HeHNeM. T ~ KaK K TOKOnOABOA PaCnOJIOXeH BHYTPU TPY~, OH 3a4UmeH 

OT no~pex~e~aii npa cnycKax a noAseMax, TpaHcnopTupoBKe 

ti npyrnx onepauusx c ~py6a~ti Ha 6yp0~0fi. 

B CBR3li C TeM, 9TO ~a6eJIb pa3~eweH BHYTPU ~YPWJI~HHX TPY~, 

YMeHbUaeTCR CeseHse AJIH npOXOAa 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa, OCO~~HHO

B M ~ C T ~ K~~IIJI~HHR 

X 

~a6eJIb~blx C ~ K U U B ~ 3aMKaX. ~ O ~ T O MnpU Y 

~YP~HUU ~ J I ~ K T P ~ ~ npHMeHRIoT Y ~ ~ M u 6ypunb~b1e ~py6b1 c Hapyxy 

BblCaXeHHblMU KOHUaMH U LUUPOKOnPOXOAHbIe ~YPUJI~HM~ 3aMKN 

THna 3UI, IIPHC~OCO~JI~HHM~ KpenneHuR ~a6en~. 

KOHT~KTHO~ COeAHHeHNe COCTOHT U3 MY@TH 5 H CTePXHR 1. 

KOHT~KTH~R MY@T~ IIpenCTaBJIReT co6oii pe3NHOBOe Ten0 C KOJIb- 

UaMu, K KOTOPHM nPHCOeAHHeHbI XUJIbI b CeKuNH K ~ ~ ~ JP~~NHo- I R . 

N BU3YaJIbHOI'O KOHTPOJIR ~JIY~UHH~IX napaMeTPOB. n y J I b ~ UMeeT 

I~~Hco~ANHNT~JI~H~I# @uJIb~p pa3AeJIeHUR YaCTOT CUJIOBO~~ CeTM 

(50 I-4) U qaCTOT, NCnOJIb3yeMbIX B TeJIe~eTp~qec~ofi CUcTeMe. 

np~ TpaHCnOpTNpOBKe 3ne~~po6yp KJIaayT LUnUHAeJIeM Ha ne- 

Bb1e U30nRUUH Ka6eJIR U MY@T~I CPaUWBaIOTCR MeXAY ~060ji. KOHm 

~ ~ b CTePXeHb ~ f i 1 TaK)Ke COCTOUT U3 Pe3UHb1, KOHTaKTHbIX KO- 

2er1 A C npUCOeAHHeHHbIMU KOHUaMU TOKOBeAYUNX XHJI ~a6eJIbH0fi 

C~KUHU. P~~UHOBO~ 

Ten0 MY@T~I IIpH COeAHHeHUH nnOTH0 o 6 x ~ ~ a e ~ 

CTePxeHb, B pe3ynb~a~e sero ocyuecTsnReTcx rep~e~u3a~u~ coeAHHeHUR. 

I 

npN CnyCKe 6ypNJIb~0fi KOJIOHHbI B CKBaXHHY, 3anon~e~~yro 

XHAKOCT~IO, YIIJIOTHeHHe N KOHTaKT TOKOIIOABOARUNX KOJIeQ YJIYY- 

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b 

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npu A B ~ X ~ ~ O B O CNCTeMe ~ H O ~ ~ nUTaHUR 3JIe~~p06ypa U3OJIRUUIO 

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. OTCO~~UH~HEI~ ~py6, T. e. OCy~eCTBJlReTCR npH 

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0 COCTORHMH H3OJIRUMH CHCTeMM. 

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s ~ C T ~ O ~ C~ TJ I B ~ ~ ~ H H H H3MePeHNFI O ~ O 

(PNC. XII.16) U H ~ ~ ~ M H O R 

annapaTypb1, pa3~eue~~ofi B 6ypo~oR Ha nynbTe Ann perucTpauuH 

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ero AJINH~I. llpo~onb~b~e H nonepewme nepeMeueHuR BO BpeMR 

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T H O ~ ~ 

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sanpe~ae~c~. Ha cTennaxax 3ne~~podyp He AonxeH noa- 

BepraTbCR YAapaM. 

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~ Y ~ O B AOJIXHbI Y ~ , 6b1~b OCMOTPeHbI, nPOBePeHbI KpeIIJIeHUR UX Ka- 

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HanpRXeH&iH He HNXe 500 B. M ~ M ~ P ~ HCOnpOTUBJIeHUe H O ~ 

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R 

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rpSI3b C pa6osux no~epx~oc~eii KOHTaKTHbIX ~0efikiHeHufi AOnXHta 

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TaKTHOrO COeAUHeHUR. 

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OC~BO~~. JIW@T Bana LUnHHAeJIR. Anx 3TOr0 n~fi~e~~e~~hIfi 

3JIeKTpO- 

348 

349

6yp CTaBRT Ha POTOPHH~~ CTOn N 3aMepRIOT CMeUeHNe Bans OTHO- 

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1.5 MM. 

npn nOArOTOBKe 3JIeKTp06yp0~ K 6ype~nm IlpOBepRIOT CTeneHb 

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O~MOTKB. KOHT~KTH~I~~ 

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a 3ne~~p06yp OnyCKaIOT B CKBaXNHy, nOCne qer0 CBUHqNBaIOT CBesa 

N cnycKamT KOJIOHH~. nocne cnycKa ~aXA0fi csew npoaeprrm 

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~ R 

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npN 3HaqllTeJIb~ofi my6a~e CKBaXNHbI, KOrAa A~~~CTBN~ PeaK- 

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Kax, KoTopbIe nepuonnqecKN nepertnwsam. ECJIU Ha ~pa~caop~a- 

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no Mepe IIOBbIIHeHAR HarPy3KN ABNraTeJIR HanpRXeHNe Ha er0 

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06~9~0 

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n0cJIe OKOHsaHAR pa60~b1 

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IOT B CKBaXNHy. P~MOHTUPYIOT 3JIe~~p06ypbI B CneqNaJIbHO 060~~- 

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C npUMeHeHUeM 6onee JIerKNX PaCTBOPOB AJIR 6ype~UR AaBJIeHNe 

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CYU~CTBY~T 

6onhruoe pa3~006pa3ne KOHCTPYKUW~~ CKBaXNH N 

ycJI0~Nfi ~ Y ~ ~ H HII03TOMY H , AJIR 06ecnese~n~ HaAeXHOCTN OXpaHH 

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CKBaXNH CTaHAaPTN30BaHbI. rOCT 13862-80 IIpeAyCMaTpNBaeT 

seTbIpe TNnOBbIX CXeMbI 06opy~osa~n~ YCTbR CKBaXNH C WCJIOM 

IIJIaUesHbIX npeBeHTOpOB OT OAHOrO A0 seTbIpeX npH 6ype~Elk1 Ha 

CyLUe. C x e ~ b I O ~ O ~ ~ A O B ~ npN H H H YCTaHOBKe IIpeBeHTOpOB Ha &He 

MOPR N 60~1b~ofi TOJIWe BOAbI 3HaqMTeJIbHO CJIOXHee. 

B 3aBNCNMOCTW OT 0Xki~ae~0fi NHTeHCNBHOCTEl H ~ @ T ~ I ' ~ ~ o ~ ~ o R B - 

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060pyA0~a~NR AJIR repMeTH3a4NN YCTbR CKBaXNHbI: 

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XI11.1, a) ; 

n0cJIe MOHTaXa JINHNN M~HE~@oJI~AoB IIpeBeHTOpbI IIOABepraIOT 

TpeXnpeBeHTOpHaR C seTbIPbRMN JINHNRMN M~HN@oJI~A~ (PNC. 

I'NAPONCnbITaHNRM IIOA AaBJIeHNeM B 1,5 pa3a IIpeBHLUaIouNM pa- 

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6osee. MCII~IT~HNR IIPOBOART C NCnOJIb30BaHUeM CMa3KN ccHe@~e- 

0 6 B R 3 K a nPeBeHTOPOB - M ~HN@oJI~A - npeAHa3HaseHa AJIR ra3-203>> MapKN B NJIN NH,QyCTpNaJIbHOrO MaCJIa 12 NJIN 20 no 

ynpasneHnR AaBneHueM B cKsaxuHe npn ~e@~era30npo~~ne~n~x rOCT 20799-75 c A o ~ ~ B K25-30% o ~ ~ no o6'be~y CMa3KN MapKN 5. 

TUBOAaBJIeHHR Ha Hero. Ma~n@onb~ COCTONT N3 JIUHN~~ APOCCeJINPO- 

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T ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ O BN O apMaTypH A O B (~~ABIIXKN N PeryJINpyeMbIe ApOCCeJIH 

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Ha IIJIaCT, a TaKXe AJIR 3aKasKI.I B CKBaXUHy XNAKOCTN C no- 

MOW~IO ueMeHTnpoBoqHbIx arperaToB. B cxeMe Ha pnc. XIII.l,z, 

npese~~bp, ~b~nyc~ae~b~fi B3ET (pnc. XIII.2) COCTONT 143 

CTaJIbHOrO JINTOrO KOpnyCa 7, K KOTOPOMY Ha UIIIMJIbKaX KPenRTCH 

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pe3epB~ofi. &la& 

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70 Mna. B 3aBNCNMOCTN OT KOHCTPYKUH~~ 3aABUXeK OHN ~ H B ~ I ~ T 

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352 

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BNAHO N3 CXeM Ha PNC. XIII.1, Ha YCTaHOBKaX MOHTNPYIoT 

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nnaruesHbIx npeseHTopa, a HaA HwMa y~u~epcanb~b~fi npesemop. 

B MOPCKNX YCTaHOBKaX MOHTIIPYIOT NHOrAa ABa YHHBepCaJIbHMX 

IIpeBeHTOpa. npN 6ype~nn no& AaBJIeHNeM HaA BTHM npeBeHTOpOM 

pacnonararoT ~pauarouwficrr npesewop.

B IIOJIOCTb B, KOTOpaR IIepeMeuaeT ~~IIoMora~eJIb~blfi nOpmeHb 4 

IIO lUTOKY 6 BneBO Ii OTKPbIBaeT 3aueJIKY 5. TOT IIOPLUeHb, ~0fifiR 

AO yynopa B rna~~b~fi nopmeHb 3, nepenslrraer ero Bneso, Teem ca- 

MMM PacKpbmas nnamsn. llpw TOM ynpasnnlouan XUAKOCT~, HaxOARI4aRCR 

B IIOnOCTU 6, BbIXUMaeTCR B CUCTeMY YnpaBneHuR. 

1 

nJIaI3I~ki 10 IIpeBeHTOpa MOrYT 6b1~b 3aMeHeHbI B 3aBIICIIMOCTII 

OT AkiaMeTpa yIIJIOTHReMbIX ~py6. Topes IIJIaWeK IIO OKPYXHOCTII 

YIIJIOTHReTCR pe3~~0~0fi M ~ H X ~ T9, O ~ a ~ KPbIUKa 1 - IIpOKJIaA- 

~0fi 11. KaX~bIfi I13 IIpeBeHTOpOB YlIpaBJlReTCR CaMOCTORTeJIbHO, 

HO 06e llJIaIIIKU KaXAOrO IIpeBeHTOpa A~~~CTBYI~T OAHOBpeMeHHO. 

OTB~PCTUR 8 B KOpIIyCe 7 CJlyXaT AJIR IIpUCOeAHHeHUR IIpeBeHTOpa 

K M~Hu@oJI~A~. HUXHUM TOPIJOM KOpllyC KpenHTCR K @JIa~uy YCTbR 

CKBaXIIHhI, a K BepXHeMy er0 TOpUy IIpHCOeAHHReTCR YHHBepCaJIbllPeBeHTOP. 

H~IB

K ~ K BMAHO, nnaruez~~b~fi npeBeHTop c rnnpasnuqecKMM ynpaB- 

JIeHMeM AOJIXeH MMeTb ABe JINHMU YnPaBJIeHMR: OAHy AJIR YnpaBneHasi 

@~?~cau~eii nonoxeHm nnaruee, BTOP~H) AJIH HX nepeMeue- 

HMR. ~ P ~ B ~ H T OC P rMnpaBJIMqeCKMM ~ I 

YIIpaBJIeHMeM B OCHOBHOM 

npmeHmoT npa 6ype~uu Ha Mope. B pRne cnyqaeB HMXHM~ npe- 

BeHTOp 060pyAye~cR IIzIaILIKaMH CO Cpe3aH)uMMM HOXaMM AJIR nepepe3aHMR 

H ~ X O ~ H ~ B CKBaXMHe ~ ~ ~ C H KOJIOHHbI TPY~. 

~ J I R ~ Y ~ ~ HHa U CYule R UPMMeHRIoT B OCHOBHOM OnHOKOpnyCHbIe 

nnaruewbre npeBeHTopb1 c n~oii~oii cl~c~e~oii nepe~ewe~l~~ nnameK: 

r~npa~na~~ec~oii 

M ~exa~wrec~ofi 6e3 CMCT~M~I raApaBnuse- 

CKOrO ynpaBJIeHM5I MX @MKCaUNefi. no KOHCTPYKUMM 3TM npeBeHT0- 

PbI (PNC. XIII.3) 3HaqNTeJIbHO IIpOwe. T ~ K IIpeBeHTOp O ~ COCTOMT 

~3 KOpllyCa 2, BHYTPU KOTOPOrO IIOMeuaIOTCR IIJIaulKM ki KPbIrUKU 

c runpouunuHnpaMu 1 M 5. Kopnyc 2 npeacTasnReT co6oR cTanb- 

HyIo OTJINBKY K O ~ O ~ ~ ~ CeYeHMR, T O ~ O kiMeH)UYIO IIPOXOAHOe BepTH- 

KaJIbHOe OTBepCTMe nuaMeTp0M D M CKB03HYW rOPM30HTa.rIbHYIO 

npRMoyronbHym nonocn, B ~o~opoii ~ ~ ~ M ~ U ~ I nnaulKu. O T C R nepe- 

KpbIBaIoUMe YCTbe CKBaWMHbI IIJIaUIKM KOMIIJIeKTYIOTCR IIOA Onpe- 

~eJIe~~b1fi pa3Mep TPY~~I. npM OTCYTCTBWM B CKBaXMHe 6ypMJIb~bl~ 

~py6 ycTbe nepeKpbIsaeTcR rnyxmu nnameaMu. 

nnaru~tr npeBeHTopa pa35e~~oii KOHCTP~KUMU COCTORT l13 KOP- 

IIyCa 9, CMeHHbIX BKJI~A~IIU~G 11 M pe3NHOBOTO YnJIOTHeHMH 10. 

nJIalu~y B CO~P~HHOM BMne HaCa)KMBaH)T Ha r-06pa3~b1fi na3 a 

UITOKa 7 H BCTaBnRIOT B KOpnyC IIpeBeHTOpa. ~ O ~ O CKOpIIyCa T ~ 

C o6e~x CTOPOH 3aKpbIBaeTCR OTKUAHbIMU KPbIulKaMM rMflP04NJIMHA- 

POB 1 N 5, IIIaPHliPHO IIOnBeLUeHHbIMN Ha KOpIIyCe. KpblLU~a K KOpnyCy 

KpenUTCR ~OJIT~MU 

356 

4.

Macca, T 

Kaxnaa nnaruKa nepeMewaeTcR nopruHeM 6 ruApasnusecKoro 

UkIJIUHnpa 8. Macno OT KOJneKTOPa 3 no CTanbHbIM TPY~K~M U 

sepes noBopoTHoe HwnnenbHoe coenuHeHwe noA nasneHweM nocTynaeT 

B ~UA~OURJINHA~~I. nonoc~b nnarueK npesemopa B su~~ee 

BpeMR (npu TeMnepaType -5°C u HNX~) o6orpe~ae~c~ napoM, 

nonasaeMbIM B naponpoBomI. noprue~b co IIITOKOM, KpbIruKa u 

UHJIHHApbI YIIJIOTHRIoTCR IIpU IIOMOwU Pe3WHOBbIX KOneU. 

OCHOBH~R XapaKTepUCTHKa IIJIaUeqHbIX IIpeBeHTOpOB IIpUBeneHa 

B ~a6fi. 

XIII.1. 

Y~~~epcafib~blfi IIpeBeHTOp npeAHa3HaseH AnR IIOBbIIIIeHUR Ha- 

AeXHOCTH repMe~u3a~uu YCTbR CKBaXUHbI. Ero OCHOBHOW pa6osufi 

3JIeMeHT - MOwHOe KOJIbUeBOe YnPYrOe YnJIOTHeHUe, KOTOpOe IlpH 

OTKP~ITOM nonoxeHuu npeBeHTopa no3~on~e~ npoxonuTb KonoHHe 

6 y p ~ J I b ~ hTPY~, l ~ a npH 3aKPbITOM IIOJIOXeHHU - CXkIMaeTCR, 

BCJIeACTBHe sero pe3UHOBOe YnJIOTHeHIle O ~ X U M ~ ~py6y ~ T (~efiy- 

WyIO ~py6y, ~ ~ M O K U ) repMeTA3UPYeT KOnbUeBOe npOCTPaHCTB0 

MeXAy 6ypUJIb~ofi li 06caA~ofi KOJIOHHaMH. ~JI~CTH~HOCT~ pe3HHO- 

BOrO YnJIOTHeHUR n03BOfiReT 3aKPbIBaTb IIpeBeHTOp Ha ~py6ax 

pasnus~oro AuaMeTpa, Ha sa~~ax u YET. npu~e~e~ue yHHBep- 

CaJIbHbIX IIpeBeHTOpOB AaeT B03MOXHOCTb BpauaTb U PaCXaXU- 

BaTb KOJIOHHY IIPU rePMeTN3UPOBaHHOM KOJIbUeBOM 3a3Ope. 

Konbue~oe ynnoTHeHue CxuMaeTcR nu60 B pe3ynb~a~e Heno- 

CpenCTBeHHOrO BO~A~~~CTBHR I'UApaBnkIseCKOrO YCUnUR Ha YnJIOT- 

HRIOLUU~? 3JIeMeHT, nu60 BCneflCTBNe BO~A~~~CTBHR 3TOr0 YCHJIUR Ha 

ynnoTHeHue qepes cnesuanb~b~fi ~0JIbUe~ofi nopruesb. 

Y~u~epcanb~~e npeseHTopbI co c@epusec~u~ ynnoTHRmuuM 

3JIeMeHTOM ti C KOHBqeCKUM YIIJIOTHUTeJIeM U3rOTOBJIReT B3ET. 

Texnuqec~an xapaKTepucTuKa ynusepcanbnblx npesenTopos Tnna IIYr 

UH@~ npesemopa . . . . . nYT-156x32 nYT-230x32 nYT-307x20 

nua~e~p IlpOXOAHOrO OTBePCTHR, 

M M . . . . . . .... 156 230 307 

Pa6oree ~asne~ue, Mka . . . 32 32 32 

Macca, T . . . . . . . . . 1,27 2,64 3,87 

Y~liBep~aJIb~bIfi ~ w ~ ~ ~ B J I N npeBeHTOp ~ ~ c K N CO ~ ~ C @ ~ ~ H ~ ~ C K H M 

YnJIOTHeHUeM IIJIyHXepHOrO ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B(~Hc. U R XIII.4) COCTOHT H3 

KOpIIyCa 3, KOJIbUeBOrO nJIyHXepa 5 U KOJIbUeBOrO pe3HHOMeTaJI- 

JIUqeCKOrO c@~~u~~cKoI'o YnJIOTHUTeJIR 1. Y~JIOTHUT~JI~ UMeeT @O~MY 

MaCCUBHOrO KOJIbUa, aPMUPOBaHHOr0 MeTaJIJIUseCKliMU BCTaBKaMU 

nByXTaBpOBOr0 CeseHUR AJIR XeCTKOCTU U CHUXeHUR U3HOCa 3a 

cseT 6onee paBHoMepHoro pacnpeneJreHuR ~anp~xe~ufi. ~ J I ~ H - 

Xep 5 CTYII~H~~TO~~ @OPMH C UeHTpaJIbHbIM OTBepCTUeM. Y~JIoTHu- 

Tenb 1 @NKCNPY~TCR KP~IIIIKO~~ 2 U PaCnOpHhIM KOJIbUOM 4. Kopnyc, 

nnyaxep w KpbIrUKa 06pa3~10~ B npeBeHTope &Be ruApasJrwsecKue 

KaMephl A U 6, U30JIUpOBaHHbIe npyr OT Apyra MaHXeTaMU nJIyH- 

xep a. 

npu nonase pa6osefi XUAKOCTS noA nayHxep 5 sepes omep- 

cTue B Kopnyce npeseHTopa nnyaxep nepeMeuaeTcR Bsepx u 06- 

XUMaeT no c@epe YnJIOTHeHUe 1 TaK, 9TO OH0 PaCIIIUPReTCR K UeHT- 

py U O ~ X U M ~ ~py6y, ~ T HaXOARuyIOCR BHYTPU KOJIbUeBOrO YnJIOT- 

HeHUR. ~ P 3TOM B AaBJIeHUe 6yp0~0r0 PaCTBOpa B CKBaXHHe 6yne~ 

A~~~CTBOB~T~ Ha nJIyHXep U nOAXUMaTb YnJIOTHUTeJIb. EcJIu B CKBa- 

XUHe HeT KOJIOHHbI, YIIJIOTHUTeJIb IIOJIHOCTbH) nePeKPbIBaeT OTBeP- 

CTUe. B~PXHRR KaMepa 6 CJIyXUT AJIR OTKPbITUR npeBeHTOpa. np~ 

HarHeTaHUU B Hee MaCJIa nJlyHXep ABUXeTCR BHU3, BbITeCHRJl XHA- 

KOCTb U3 KaMepbI A B CJIUBHYIO JIUHHIO. Y~JIoTHuT~JI~ PaCUHpReTCR 

H IIPUHBMaeT IIpeXHIOIO @OPMY. 

KoJIb~e~ofi ynJI0THUTenb nO3BOJIReT: 

IIpOTaCKUBaTb KOJIOHHbI o6uefi AJIUHO~~ A0 2000 M C 3aMKaMH 

HJIU MY@T~MU C KOHYCHbIMU @~CKBMW no& YrJIOM 18'; 

PaCxaXUBaTb U IIpOBOpaskiBaTb KOJIOHHbI; 

MHOrOKPaTHO OTKPbIBaTb U 3aKPbIBaTb npeBeHTOP. 

KOHCTP~KUHR npeBeHTOpa AOnyCKaeT 3aMeHy YnJIOTHtiTeJIR 6e3 

er0 AeMOHTaXa. Ynpa~JIe~ue YHUBepCaJIbHbIM npeBeHTOpOM MOXeT 

OCyUeCTBJIRTbCH nw6o C IIOMO4bm PyqHOrO IIJIyHXepHOrO HaCOCa, 

as60 C nOMOUbIO HaCOCa C 3JIeKTpOIIpUBOAOM. Bpe~a 3aKPbITUR 

yHusepcaJrbHoro npesewopa runponpwBonoM 10 c. 

Bparqamrqufica npesemop npuMeHReTcR nm rep~e~u3auuu 

YCT~R cKBaxuHr,r B npoqecce ee Oype~wa npw spauewwu u pacxa- 

XUBIHUH 6ypHJIb~ofi KOJIOHHbI, a T a m e npU CnO H IIOBbIUeHHOM 

naBJIeHHU B CKBaXHHe. TOT ITpeBeHTOP YnJIOTHReT BenyUyH) Tpy- 

6y, 3aMOK WJIU 6yp~JIb~b1e TPY~M. OH II03BOJIReT IIOnHwMaTb, Cnyc-

1 6- 

/ KaTb WJIW BpauaTb 6ypWJIbHy10 

KOJIOHHY, 6ypki~b C 06pa~Hofi 

~POMHBKO~~, C a3PNPOBaHHbIMU 

paCTBOpaMU, C npoJ(J'~~0fi ra30- 

3 0 6 p a 3 ~ b 1 aTeHTOM, ~ 

C PaBHOBeC- 

HOG cuc~e~ofi raApocTaTasecKoro 

AaBneHwR Ha nnacT, onpo6o- 

'4 BaTb nnacTbI B npouecce ra3o- 

-5 npo~~ne~a6. 

OCHOBHO~~ 

3JIeMeHT BpaLUaIO- 

0 - r 

ueroc~ npese~~opa (pwc. 

XIII.5) - YnJIOTHWTeJIb 2, n03- 

- 

BoJIRIO~N~ IIpOTaCKWBaTb WHCT- 

PYMeHT ZIepe3 er0 OTBepCTWe. 

PUC. X111.4. YHHsepcaJIbHb~fi runpasnu- Y~JIoTHWT~JI~ COCTOWT W3 MeTaJI- 

Y ~ C K H npeBeHTOp ~ ~ THna FIYr JINZIeCKOTO OCHOBaHWR W Pe3NHOd 

~ofi ZIacTW, npwKpenneH K CTBO- 

JIy 4 npU nOMOWki 6afio~e~~or0 COenkiHeHWR ki ~OJITOB. OT nPOBO- 

PaqkiBaHNR er0 npeA0XpaHRIOT IIIlTOIIOZIHbIe BbICTYnbI, BXOARWNe 

B BbIPe3bI CTBOJIa. 

B naTpoHe 7 npeBeaTopa Ha AB~X panwanbHbIx 5 N OAHOM ynop- 

HOM 6 IIOALUNlTHWKaX KaZIeHNR CMOHTWPOBaH CTBOJI 4. M~HX~TH~I~ 

ynnoTHemR 3 cnyxaT AnR npeAoxpaHeHwR npeBeaTopa OT nonana- 

HNR B Her0 XNAKOCTN W3 CKBaXNHbI MeXAY CTBOJIOM, KOPnYCOM N 

naTpoHoM. OHKC~UHR naTpoHa 7 B Kopnyce I ocyuecTsnReTcR 3aueJI~0fi 

9, KOTOPaR OTKPbIBaeTCR nOA AaBJIeHNeM MaCJIa, IIOnaBae- 

MOrO PYZIHbIM HaCOCOM ZIepe3 IIITY4eP 8. 

T~XHU~~CK~R xapaKTepucTuxa spaqaloquxcn npesemopoe Tuna IlB 

MM: 

~opnyca . . . 156 

CTBOna . . . . 1 39 

~OKOBO~O 

CTBOJla 150 

Aaene~ue, MFIa: 

pa6o~ee . . . . 32 

npo6aoe . . . 64 

Macca, T . . . . 1,25 

Puc. XIII.5. Bpauamuuiica npesemop BFI-156x320 

npeBeHTOp - YCTbe 2 C KOMnJIeKTOM ~~OTNBOB~I~~OCOBO~O O~OPYAO- 

BaHkiR (pkic. XIII.6). B KOMnJIeKT BXOART: OANH UJIN ABa YHNBeP- 

canbHbIx c@epuqec~ax npesewopa 4, OT AB~X no qeTbIpex nnarueq- 

HbIX HpeBeHTOpOB 3 C TPY~H~IMW, rJIYXNMN N nepepe3bIBaIOWNMN 

nJIaWKaMki, KOMneHCaTOp 6 N COeANHWTeJIb 5 C BO~OOTA~JIRIOW~~~ 

q a c m nocnen~eii pacnonoxea TenecKonu- 

~ono~~oii 7. B ~epx~eii

sec~kifi KOMneHCaTOp 8. BCR c60p~a OTCOeANHReTCR OT BOAOOTAenRIouefi 

KOAOHHbI IIpN YXOAe IIJ'IaByqefi nJ'Ia~@op~bl. 

CUCT~M~ OpraHOB, BOCnPMHNMaIOuMX KOMaHAY ynpaBAeHNR nOA- 

BOAHbIM ~POTIIBOB~I~POCOB~IM O~OPYAOB~HN~M, PaCnOJIOXeHa Ha 

nna~yqeii nna~aop~e, a HcnonHuTenbHHe opraHbI (~NJIMHAP~I nna- 

WesHbIX 3 U yHMBepCaJIbHbIX 4 ~ ~ ~ B ~ H T O PaCnOJIOXeHbI ~ O B ) 

HaA 

YCTbeM CKBaXMHbI II COeAMHeHbI MeXAY ~060fi BOAOOTA~JIRIOU~~~ 

KOJIOHHO~~ 7 sepe3 KOMlTeHCaTOp 8 ~ N ~ K M MLUJIaHraMII. M no 3TNM 

UnaHraM sepes J I ~ ~ ~ A9 K U noAaeTcR ynpasnRIouaR XUAKOCT~ OT 

H~COCHO-~KK)'MYJIRTOI)HO~~ CTaHqMM 12. OpraHa~H, BOCnpNHNMaIo- 

UHMN KoMaHAy, RBJIRKITCR naHenIi 10, 11 N 14, nepeAaIouuMN: 

KOMaHAy Ha pa~npeAeJIN~eJ'lbHbIfi 3JIeKTPOuNT 13, OCyUeCTBJIRIou~fi 

pacnpeAeneHue ynpasnmuefi XNAKOCTII K KoMnneKcy npo- 

THBOB~I~~OCOBO~O 

O6opy~osa~ue 

060pynosa~11~. 

AJIR repMeTU3aUUU YCTbR CKBaXNHbI IIpNMeHReT- 

CR KaK ~POTMBOB~I~POCOBO~ O~OPYAOB~HU~, He pa60~amuee B np0uecce 

6ype1m~, N ~cnonbsye~oe B cnyqae npoRsneHuR B cKsaxme. TO O~OPYAOB~H!~~ MOXeT 6b1~b NCnOJIb30BaHO AJIR PeryJINpOBaHNR. 

AaBJIeHMR B CKBaXMHe B IIpOqeCCe 6ype~u~. OAH~KO, KaK B TOM, 

TaK M B APYrOM CJIyqaRX OTKa3 B pa6o~e er0 MOXeT IIpNBeCTN 

K TRXeJIbIM IIOCAeACTBMRM N B HeKOTOPbIX CJIyqaRX K ru6ens JIIo- 

~ei. H ~ M c ~ ~ pa60~a ~ B H 3TOr0 ~ R O~OPYAOB~HNH OCO~~HHO OnaCHa 

npU 6ype~11u Ha Mope, me 6opb6a c OTKPbITbIMH @OHTZIHZIMII He@- 

TN ~au60nee TRxenaR. 

Ann 06ecnese~m NcnpaBHOfi H ~ane~~ofi pa6o~b1 

BbInOJIHRTb CJIeAYIOuMe YCJIOBMR: 

MOHTMPOBaTb O~OPYAOB~HN~ B COOTBeTCTBNN C NHCTPYKL(U~~~ 3a- 

BOAa-N3rOTOBNTeJIR; 

np0BepRTb MOHTaX M IIPOBOANTb UC~bITaHUe 0 6 0 p y ~ o ~ a ~ Ha N R 

npo6aoe u pa6oqee AasneHwe; 

CMCTeMaTMqeCKN B npOUeCCe IIPOBOAKM CKBaXNHbI YXaXNBaTb 

3a 060py~O~aHlie~ N AeJIaTb npo6able er0 NCnbITaHNR B YCTaHOB- 

JIeHHbIe CPOKN, He3aBMCNMO OT Tor0 NCnOJIb3YeTCR OH0 NJIN HeT; 

no OKOHsaHUN ~YP~HNR, €!CAM O~OPYAOB~HN~ He ~ Y A ~ cefiqac T 

Xe liCnOJIb30BaH0, er0 H~O~XOAMMO OYNCTNTb, IIPOBePNTb N 3aKOH- 

CepBNpOBaTb, a B CJIysae HeMCnpaBHOCTli OTPeMOHTNPOBaTb. 

~ P MOHTaXe M 

BCe O~OPYAOB~HU~ CO~U~~IOT, 3aTeM IIPOBePRIoT 

COOCHOCT~ ero pacnonoxeHuR, aase~ne~ue nynbToB ynpameaua, 

~eo6xonw~o 

aanon~e~~e pe3ep~yapo~ raso~ u MacnoM, cooTseTcTByIouuMH 

BpeMeHII rOAa, II PeryJIUpyIoT ~JI~KTPoHH~I~~ MaHOMeTp Ha AaBJIeHUe 

BKJIIoseHNR 10*0,25 Mna u BbIKJIWieHUR 9f0,25 MRa. ~ o c J I ~ 

3TOr0 OnPeCCOCbIBaIoT rNApOCMCTeMY Ha pa6oqee AaBJIeHNe 10 Mna

B TeYeHNe 10 MNH. n p N 3TOM CHNXeHMe AaBJIeHMR He AOnXHO 6b1~b 

6onee 3%. OAHOB~~M~HHO 

OCMaTpMBaIOT COeAMHeHMR. B Cnyqae 

06~apyXe~MR YTeYeK Fix YCTPaHRIOT, a MCnbITaHMe nOBTOPRIOT. 

06opy~o~a~~e, IIOAJIeXaLUee MCnbITaHMIO np06~b1~ AaBJIeHMeM, 

nposepRmT npH AasneHun B 2 paaa 6onbrue~ padorlei-o c B ~ I A ~ ~ X - 

K O B ~ TerIeHne 6 MNH. AJIR YCTpaHeHNR B CMCTeMe B03AyUIHbIX npo- 

6 0 I? ~ CT~~MJI~HOCTM pa60~bl N BpeMeHH cpa6a~bIBa~NH MHOrOKPaT- 

HO 3aKPbIBaIOT N OTKPMBaIOT 3aABMXKM M IIpeBeHTOpbI BCeMM PaCnpeAenwrenRMn 

no Tex nop, noKa BpeMR NX ~~KPHTBR He 6yne~ 

nOCTORHHHM M COOTBeTCTBOBaTb YCTaHOBJIeHHOMY. 

pa60~b1 ~~OTNBOBH~~OCOBO~O 060pyno~a~n~ npH OTPM- 

UaTeJIbHbIX TeMnepaTypaX AOJIXHa 6b1~b n0ACOeANHeHa CUCTeMa 

o6orpe~a NJIM er0 CJIeAyeT YTennMTb TaK, YTO~H BCe CMCTeMbI pa6o- 

T a m ncnpamo npH TeMnepaType o~pyxamueii cpem no -40 OC. 

~POTNBOB~I~~OCOBO~ O~OPYAOB~HH~ MOXeT 3KCnJIYaTMPOBaTbCR 

B ABYX PeXttaMaX pa60~b1: HOpMaJIbHaR pa6o~a, KOrAa HenOCpeACT- 

~e~~ofi yrpo3b1 B ~I~POCOB M ra30npo~~ne~nii HeT; onepaTliBHaR ro- 

TOBHOCTb npki IIPOXOXAeHNN nJIaCTOB C BO3MOXHbIMM H~@T~T~~oB~I- 

MU nPORBJIeHNRMW, npN 3TOM BCe AOJIXHO 6b1~b TUaTeJIbHO npOBepeH0 

B COOTBeTCTBMN C ~ ~ B O A C KMHCTPYKLLM~~~ O ~ 

N rOTOBO K pa6o~e 

B n106ofi MOMeHT. 

B IIepFiOAbI ~ 0 p ~ a J I b ~ opa6o~b1 f i 6yp0~0fi MaCTep AOJIXeH 

B IIpOqeCCe CnO npOB.epRTb MCnPaBHOCTb HPeBeHTOPOB, 3aABHXeK 

N CMCT~M~I ux ynpasneHnR, a npn 6ype~nn M APY~MX onepaumx 

IIpOBepRTb MCnPaBHOCTb A~~CTBMR IIpeBeHTOpOB Pi 3aABNXeK 1 pa3 

B HeAeJlK, N pe3yJlbTaTbI IIPOBePKM 3aHOCMTb B XypHaJl. 1-IpN rep- 

MeTN3auNN CKBaXNHbI AOnOnHNTeJIbHOe AaBneHNe Ha BbIKMAe ripe- 

BeHTOPOB CJIeAyeT CHMXaTb IIOCTeneHHO n0 0,3-0,7 Mna B 1 MNH. 

AO~YCK~~TCH 

CMeHa nnaLUeK IIpeBeHTOpOB Ha 6yp0~0fi. Hnrr 

3TOr0 nJIaUIKM IIPNBOART B ~pafi~ee OTKPbITOe IIOJIOXeHMe; Pa3BMH- 

YUBaIOT BNHTbI KpenJIeHNR KPblUIKM K KOpnyCy Pi OTKHAbIBaeT ee; 

BbIABNraIOT YaCTMYHO IIJIaUIKy M3 KPHWKM M CHNMaIOT ee C BbICTyna 

IIlTOKa; 3aMeHRIOT BKJlanbIIIlM MJIM YnJIOTHeHlle. AnR CMeHbl 

IIJ'laIIIeK rNAPOCMCTeMY He pa36kipam~. npki OTKPbITMM KPbILUKM ripe- 

BeHTOpa H~O~XOAMMO ~ax~blfi pa3 BbIHMMaTb TOPUOBbIe YnJIOTHe- 

HUR, OYNUaTb KaHaBKN W TOPUOBbIe IIOBePXHOCTEI KPbIUIKU N KOPnyca, 

nonocTb nnarueK n caMu nnamKa OT 6ypo~oro pacmopa w 

nOpOnbl, TaK KaK OHa npenRTCTByeT IIOJlHOMy OTKPbI- 

~b16ype~~oii 

BaHUm nnauree. 

PeryJIRp~0 1 pa3 B 2-3 MeC. npOBepRIOT COCTORHMe pe3NHOBblX 

~IIJIoTH~Hu~ N 3aMeHRIOT MX npM O ~ H ~ ~ Y X ~ HAaXe H H ~e60JIb~Mx 

no~pexne~nii. ~POM~BOART nonHym aa~e~y. Pesa~o~b~e ynnowe- 

HMR ~ ~ M ~ H R I~OJIHOCT~KI O T 1 pa3 B 2 rona. Macno B rnnpocacTeMe 

npoBepamT He pexe, seM 1 pa3 B 3 Mec. Aonyc~ae~c~ conepxaaue 

npki~ecefi B HeM He 6onee 0,05'/0. n p N 3aTPH3HeHNN rMApOCNCTeMbE 

MaCJIO CnNBaIOT, IIpOMbIBaIoT CMCTeMY ~ ~ H ~ N H OIIPOCyILINBaIOT M , 

It 

3anOJIHRIOT CBeXNM MaCJIOM. 

36 4 

Aasne~ne a3OTa B rMAp0aKKyMyJIRTOpe IIpOBepRIOT He PeXe 

I pasa B Memu. npn AasneHau aso~a MeHee 5,5 Mna AOBOART 

er0 A0 AaBneHMR 6,5 Mna. Y ~ o B MaCJIa ~ H ~ B 6a~e M MCIIpaBHOCTb 

BCeX MaHOMeTPOB IIPOBepReTCR TaKXe 1 pa3 B MeCRU. CM~~KY 

H~O~XOAUMO 3aMeHRTb B COOTBeTCTBMW C ~~BOACKO~~ WHCTPYKUH~~~. 

B npouecce 3KcnnyaTauwu Bce M~HU@O~~AH exeAHeBHo npose- 

PRIOT IIyTeM OTKPbIBaHNR 3aABNXeK. YT~YKH XMAKOCTM B MaHM- 

@0nbAe CBNAeTenbCTByIOT 0 HeMCIIpaBHOCTM er0 YIIJIOTH~HM~~. 3a~e- 

WHHbIe HeHCnpaBHOCTU HeMeAJIeHHO YCTPaHRIOT. 

6. X ~ ~ ~ K T ~ ~ YHHBepCaJIbHbIX N C T B K ~ npeBeHT0pOB. 

7. Cxe~a 060pyAo~a~nrr YCT~R cKBaxmm npu 6ype~uu c nnaBysux nnaT- 

@PM. 

8. npa~una YXOAa u e~cnnya~auuu 060pyAo~a~Fi~ Ann rep~e~u3auuu YCT~R 

CKBaXUHbI H 3Ha4eHUe HX NC~P~BHOA pa60Tbl AJIR 3aUUTbl OKpyxaroqeii CpeAhI. 

I'JIABA XIV 

060PYAOBAHHE AJllzl qHPKYJllzlUHH, OqHCTKH 

H IlPHrOTOBJlEHHFI IjYPOBbIX H UEMEHTHbIX 

PACTBOPOB 

Bypo~oii PaCTBOp UMpKyJINpyeT no ~ ~ M K H Y TCMCTeMe, O ~ ~ T. e. 

PaCTBOp, 3a~aYM~ae~bIfi B CKBaXMHy, BbIXOAMT N3 Hee M CHOBa AOn- 

XeH 3aKaYMBaTbCR B CKBaXMHY. napa~e~pbl BbIXOARUerO M3 CKBa- 

XMHH pacmopa oTnnrIamTcR OT napaMeTpoB npn ero s a ~ a q ~ e . 

B PaCTBOpe COAePXMTCR ~ b 1 6 y p e ~ ~ IIOpOAa a R B BNAe OTAeJIbHbIX 

YaCTNU, a TaKXe YaCTb IIOpOAbI, HanpNMep MMHa, MOXeT PaCTBO- 

PRT~CR B pacTBope. Kpo~e Toro, B. Hero MoryT nonacTb MnHepa- 

JIM30BaHHbIe nOA3eMHbIe BOAbI N ra3. npM BO~A~~CTBHW IIOBbIUIeH- 

HHX TeMnepaTyp n nasneHNR @nsnsec~ue c~ofic~~a pacmopa MOrYT 

N3MeHRTbCR. B PRAe CJIyYaeB YaCTb PaCTBOpa nOrJIOUaeTCJ4 

IIJIaCTaMM M IIPNXOANTCR nePMOAM'If?CKN AO~~BJIRT~ c~eXMfi PaC- 

TBOP. 

~ O ~ T O MUMPKYJIRUkiOHHaR Y 

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BOCCTaHOBJleHHR ero IIapaMeTpOB (BR~KOCTU, nJOTHOCTH, BOAOOTAa'IH 

U np.). B PHAe CJlyYaeB B 3aBNCHMOCTN OT nPOXOANMbIX nOpOA He- 

O~XOAMMO N3MeHRTb CBO~~CTB~ PaCTBOpa NJIH 3aMeHHTb eI'0 APYrUM. 

5 1. KOMRAEKC 06OPY,Il,OBAHHP UJ+PKYJlPllHOHHMX CHCTEM 

I(oMIIJI~Kc 1I_IC65003 CJlyXUT AnR OsUCTKH 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa, 

BbIXOARIUerO ki3 CKBaXHHbI, npUrOTOBneHNR HOBOrO PaCTBOpa ki3 

~O~OIJIKOO~~~~H~IX 

MaTepuanoB, ero XMMN'I~CKO~~ 06pa60~~11, Xpa- 

HeHan Ha 6ypo~ofi onpeAeneHHoro o6'be~a pacTBopa a TpaHcnop- 

TEIpOBaHNR ero OT yCTb53 CKBaXHHbI K ~YPOB~IM HaCOCaM. 

Ta~oii KOMnJIeKC COCTOMT U3 6n0~a nOAnOpHbIX HaCOCOB, 6no~a 

npuroTosneHu2 6ypo~oro paclaopa, npoMexyTosHoro u npaeMaoro 

pe3ep~yapo~, pe3ep~yapo~ fins XnMnsecKsx peareHToB, ~erasa~o- 

pa, UAOOTAeJlUTeJlR, 6no~a O'IMCTKH PaCTBOpa, paCTBOpOnpOBOAOB. 

Ans pa3JIHsHbIX ~YPOB~IX YCTaHOBOK KOMnJIeKCbI 0TJIUYaH)TCH YHC- 

JIOM 11 PaCnOJIOXeHNeM OTAeJIbHbIX ~~OKOB, COCTaBOM BXOARIUerO 

B HHX O~OP~AOB~HHR. nonessbrfi o65e~ pe3ep~yapo~ 6no~a Ana 

XpaHeHUR PaCTBOpa 3aBMCHT OT I'JIY~MH~I CKBaXUHbI. QAR CKBaXUH 

my6aaofi 2500-3000 M OH COCTaBnReT 90-120 M ~ a , AJIR CKBaXNH 

rny6naoii 4000-6500 M - 150-240 M ~ . 

5 2.OEOPY.40BAHIlE O'lUCTKA 6YPOBOrO PACTBOPA 

06opynosa~ne AJIR OYkiCTKA 6yp0~0r0 PaCTBOpa, BbIXOARUerO 

U3 CKBaXUHbI, AOJIXHO 06ecne4klBa~b He TOJlbKO YAaJIeHlle U3 Her0 

TBepflbIX qaCTHII B ~ I ~ Y P ~ H nOpOAbI, H O ~ ~ HO H rasa, Una Pi nOCT0poHHnx 

npn~ecefi. O s k i c ~ ~ pacTBopa a 

srpaeT 60nbruym ponb B npo- 

UeCCe 6ype~u2. q e MeHbUe ~ B PaCTBOpe TB~PAO~~ @a3b1, TeM 3@- 

@~KTHBH~~ 6ype~ne. 

Ana OsUCTKki ~YPOB~IX PaCTBOPOB OT B ~ I ~ Y P ~ HnOpOAbI H O ~ ~ npH- 

MeHHIOT YCTPO~CTB~ AByX TkInOB: AnR M ~ X ~ H H ~ I ~ OrIUCTKkl C K O ~ ~ C no- 

MOIUbH) CEIT, B KOTOPbIX pa3Mep YAaJIReMbIX YaCTAU 3aBNCNT OT BenuswHbI 

meeK cma; Ann pa3~ene~nrr TsepAbrx sac~nrr, n XNAKOCT~ 

3a CWT U~HTPO~~H

Puc. XI V.2. Bw6pau~- 

OHHOe CUT0 BC-1 

i 

np0nyCKHa~ C ~OCO~HOCT~ npU 6ype~riu C I~POM~IBKO~ BOAOR (c~T- 

Ka 0,16X0,16), M3/C . . . . . . . . . . . . 0,038 I 1 

Bblco~a A0 OCu OTBOnRlUeCO naTpy6Ka, M . . . . . . 0.75 I 

Pas~ep ynan~e~b~x qac~wu, MM . . . . . . . . . 0,16-0.9 

~ ~ C T OKone6a~uti T ~ Bana su6pa~opa B 1 MUH . . . . . 1130 

Pa6osa~ nnouanb ~~TKU, ~2 . . . . . . . . . . 2,67 

Tan ane~~ponslira~enrr . . . . . . . . . . . B10054 

MOLLIHOCT~, KBT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 

ra6apw~b1, M: 

AnHHa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 I 

IIIHpUHa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.82 1 

BblCOTa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1955 

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

Macca, T 2.16 I 

TO CHTO AOnyCKaeT ~~ICTPYIO 3aMeHy CeTOK, a TaKXe B03MOX- 

Hoc~b IIpkiMeHeHkiH KaK CTaJIbHbIX, TaK N CeTOK N3 CNHTeTHseCKNX 

MaTepNanoB. Ha ~~6pnpyroueii paMe pacnonoxea 3~cueHTpnKO- 

~ ~ BN~P~TOP 

f i CO UIKHBOM, KOTOP~I~ COeANHeH KJNHO~~M~HHO~~ 

IIepe~ar~efi C BeflyWNM UKWBOM 3JIeKTpOABUraTeJlR. 06e ~~6pnpyrouue 

paMH coenweHH c onop~oii ~enonsnx~oii pa~ofi npH nowo- 

WH KOJIbUeBHX IIPyXIIHHbIX aMOPTH3aTOPOB. 

~~oII~cKH~R CITOCO~HOCT~ (ItpH 

EaBJleHHH 0,25 Mlla), M3/c 0,045 

Ha~MeHblrr~fi pa3Mep UCTHU no- 

90AH ItJIOTHOCTbKl 2600 K~/M~, 

ynanReMblx s3 pacTBopa Ha 95°/0 

H Gonee, MM . . . . . 0,08 0,05 

Pa6ouee nasneHwe nepen rsnpo- 

UHKnOHaMH, Mlla . . . . 0,15 0,25 

BHYTP~HHW~~ AHaMeTp qHJlHHnpH- 

qec~ofi saCTM rHAPOqHKJlOHa, MM 1 50 

rabapH~kJ, M . . . . . 1,2X0,535X1,15 1,7>

nerasaqwo~~b~e KaMepM 1, KoTopue sepes ~nana~-pasp~n~u 2 

coenuHeHH c BcacbIBa~>I.qefi nu~uefi BaKyyMHoro Hacoca 5. 

Aera3a~op asnReTcR annapaToM n~ofi~oro ~€!~~cTBuR. Knana~- 

P~~PRAHUK 2 noosepeAHo coeAuHaeT nerasaquo~~~e KaMepH 1 

c sa~yy~~oii nu~ueii Hacoca, 3a cseT sero B on~oii u3 HUX cos~aeTCR 

pa3pRXeHHe, nOn A~~~CTBH~M KOTOpOrO PaCTBOp C ra3OM U3 

pesep~yapa 7 no BcacmamueMy na~py6~y 9 c npueMHMM Knana- 

HOM 4 noosepenHo nocTynamT B onHy ~3 KaMep 1, u TaM npoacxo- 

~ H oTAeneHue T 

pacTBopa OT rasa. ZIuc~~fi pacTBop cnusaeTca no 

CenapaUHOHHOMy KOHYCY 10 B OTCeK UUJIUHAPU~~CKO~~ KaMepbI 3, 

a Ta3 OTCaCbIBaeTCR BaKyyMHaCOCOM (cT~~JIK~ E). n0cJIe TOrO, KaK 

KaMepa nOJIHOCTbH> 3anOJ'IHUTCR PICTBOPOM, nPOUCXOAUT nepeKJIH)seHlie 

KJIanaHa-pa3pHAHUKa, U B~KYYMHH~~ HaCOC HasNHaeT OTKa9UsaTb 

ra3 u3 npyrofi KaMepH, a u3 3anon~e~~ofi KaMepM: oswruea- 

~ufi OT ra3a PaCTBOp CnkiBaeTCR no BbIKHAHOMy na~py6~y 6 B npUe~HbIfi 

pe3epByap ~YPOBHX HaCOCOB. 

3. OPOPYAOBAHWE AJlR IlPWrOTOBJlEHWfl PACTBOPOB 

KOHCTP~KUUR 

O~OP~AOB~HHR AJIR npUrOTOBJIeHliR ~YPOB~IX PaC- 

TBOPOB 3aBUCUT OT npNMeHReMbIX NCXOnHMX MaTepHaJIOB U XNMUsecKux 

peareHToB. Ann cyxux IIO~OLUKOO~~~~H~IX 

MaTepuanoB Tpe- 

~Y~TCR nmub TuaTenbHoe nepeMeruusaHue u co3na~ue ycnosrrfi Ann 

nOJIHOr0 CMasHBaHUR TBepAHX saCTUU. npU npHrOTOBJIeHUU PaC- 

TBOPOB ~3 TBepAux MaTepuanoB u nepeMeruwsaHuu AX c ~onoii 

npuMeHamT MexaHmecKUe UJIN rNnpaBnNsecKwe Meruanm. Ha~6o-' 

nee npOrpeCCkiBH0 Ii 3KOHOMH9HO O~OPYAOB~HN~ AnR npHrOTOBJIeHUR 

PaCTBOPOB U3 CyXHX ~OPOUIKOO~~~~H~IX 

MaTepUaJIOB. 

~ O npUrOTOBJIeHUR K 

6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa US ~ O ~ O ~ K O O ~ ~ 

MaTepuanoB COCTOUT u3 AB~X pe3ep~yapo~-c~noco~ c aunb~pa~u, 

YKpenJIeHHbIX Ha OCHOBaHUH. B HliXHefi saCTN CUJIOCM C H ~ ~ X ~ H H 

pa3I'PY309HbIM U a3PUPYK)I.qUM YCTPO~~CTB~MU. Ann npUrOTOBJIeHHR 

PaCTBOpa OTKPbIBaeTCR pa3rpy30sHOe YCTPO~CTBO B IIbPOUlOK no 

runaHry nocTynaeT B runpoMeruanKy. 

Tudpasnurec~a~ Meuantca c~a6xe~a ~opo~~ofi nna 3arpy3~~ 

XAMAsecKux peareHToB u ~a~epofi cMerueHm, B KOTOPYH) nonamTca 

nOpOUIOK N nOA AaBJIeHkieM 0,7-1,5 Mna XUAKOCTb OT 6yp0~0r0 

Hacoca. B KaMepy cMerueHua XunKocTb nocTynaeT sepes HacanKy, 

3a cseT sero 06pa3ye~ca BaKyyM u sacac~sae~ca 

noporuoK s xu- 

MHseCKHe PeareHTu. ~O~OIUOK CMeIIIHBaeTCR C XNAKOCTbH), o6pa- 

3y~ nynbny, nocTynamuym B npueMHMe pesep~yap~ 6ypo~b1x Ha- 

COCOB. 

T~xHH~~cK~~ 

XapaKTepHCTHKa 

06ae~ CHnOCOB, FJ3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 

~POH~BOAHT~~~HOCT~, M~/Y . . . . . . . . . . 60 

Ma~cn~anb~a~ nonasa noporu~oo6pa3~oro ~a~epnana, ~/s . . 15 

Macca, T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,56

nplle~tiblb ~ROIC UWPKYJIRUWOHHOR CHCTeMH - 3T0 pe3epByap. 

~3 KOTOPO~O pacTBop noAaeTcR B 6ypo~~e HacocH. OH T a m e my- 

XHT AJIR XpaHeHWR P~~~PBHOI-o o6'be~a 6ypo~oro PaCTBOpa. B 3a- 

BHCUMOCTH OT rny6w~~ H KOHCTPYKUHW CKBaXHHH B UHPKYJIRUHOH- 

HOR CWCTeMe IIPUMeHRIOT OT AByX A0 nRTH IlpWeMHbIX ~JIOKOB. ~ O K 

npencTasnReT co6oii n p ~ ~ o y r o n b ~ b ~ ~ e i i ~ a n n ~ q epesepByap c ~ ~ R 

06'beMo~ OKOJIO 40 M ~ pa3~eJIeHHHfi , 

BHYTP~HH~~~ neper0p0~~0fi Ha 

&Be PaBHbIe qaCTH, 9TO n03BOJIReT HCnOJIb30BaTb OAHY IIOJIOBHHy pe- 

3ep~yapa Ann npwroTosneHwR 6ypo~oro pacmopa, He npespauaa 

UUpKyJIRuHH er0 qepe3 CKBaXWHY. Pe3ep~yap CMOHTWPOBaH Ha 

pa~e-cana3~ax H 06opyno~a~ ABYMR rWnpaBnWqecKHMti nepeMeuw- 

BaTeJIRMH PaCTBOpa. 

XpaHeHWR XHAKWX XWMH4eCKWX PeareHTOB H ~MYJI~cw~ AJIR 

06pa60~~w PaCTBOPOB CJIyXHT 6no~ XpaHeHWR XHMWqeCKHX PeareH- 

TOB, ~ ~ ~ ~ c T ~ B J Ico6oii H I O ~ ~PRMOY~OJI~H~I~~ 

H ~ ~ 

pe3epByap BMeCTH- 

MOCTbIO 12 M~ WJIW UHJIHH~~W~~CKW~~ 06'be~o~ 20 M ~ . ~JIOKW COeAW- 

HRIoT MeX&y co60ii paCTBOpOnpOBO&aMW C IIIapOBbIMH KOMneHCaTOpaMH. 

~py6 

CI~YCK o6ca~~b1x H UeMeHTHpOBaHWe CKBaXHH - 3aKJIIOgUTeJIbHHe 

CnOXHbIe H ~aw6onee OTBeTCTBeHHbIe OnepaUWli npW 

6ype~ww CKBaXHH. OT YCneLUHOCTH UeMeHTHPOBaHWR 3aBWCRT np0- 

AOJIXHTeJIbHOCTb H HOpMaJIbHaR 3KCnJfyaTaUHR CKBaXWHhI, a eCJIU 

CKBaXHHa pa3Be&OqHaR, TO H IlpaBWJIbHOCTb OUeHKH IlJIaCTa H nep- 

CneKTWBHOCTW H3Y4aeMOr0 MeCTOPOXAeHHR. 

CJIOXHOCT~ 3TWX pa6o~ O~~CJIOBJI~B~~TCR ~oJI~IIIHMH M ~ C C O H ~ ~ 

AWaMeTpaMH CnyCKaeMhlX ~py6 (KOJIOHHH AHaMeTpOM 279-305 MM 

HMeIOT MaCCy A0 300 T), BHCOKWMH AaBJIeHWRMH (6onee 25- 

30 MTra), B03HWKaIOQWMH npH nO&'beMe UeMeHTHOrO PaCTBOpa 3a 

KOJIOHHaMW, CnyQeHHHMH Ha my6w~y 6onee 5000 M, a TaKXe TpyA- 

HOCTbIO Onpe&eJIeHHH TOqHOrO KOJIHqeCTBa XWAKOCTW, KOTOPOe He- 

06x0~~~0 3aKaqaTb B TPY~H AJIR IIpOAaBJIHBaHHR UeMeHTHOrO PaC- 

TBOpa. 

OCO~~HHO OTBeTCTBeHHH 3TW pa60~b1 npW CnyCKe ~py6 B OCJIOX- 

HeHHbIX CKBaXUHaX, rAe He WCKJIIOqaeTCR B03MOXHOCTb HX IlpWXBa- 

Ta. BOCCTaHOBJIeHWR UWpKyJIRUHH XHAKOCTH B TaKUX CKBaXH- 

HaX, KaK IlpaBWJIO, H~O~XO~HMO CO3AaBaTb ~oJI~IIIH~ AaBJIeHWH, npW 

OCBO~OX~~HHH IIpHXBaqeHHbIX ~py6 - 6onbruue HaTRXKW. 

CKB~XWHM UeMeHTNPYIOT C nOMOUbIO arperaTOB, CMeCHTeJIbHbIX 

MaIIIUH H ApyrOrO BCnOMOraTeJIbHOrO 06opyno~a~~~. 

U~M~HTWPOBO~H~I~~ 

arperaT 3UA-400 (pwc. XIV.6) npen~a3~aqeH 

AJIR UeMeHTNpOBaHHR my6o~ux CKBaXHH. Ha IIIaCCW 1 aBT0- 

MO~WJIR YCTaHOBJIeH ~~M~HTWPOBO~H~I~~ TP~X~OPIIIH~BO~~ HaCOC 4, 

pacnonoxe~~b~ii Mexny ~ ~ M ~ P H ~ ~ I M K O5 M H ABuraTeneM 2. 

Hacoc lTpHBOAWTCR sepe3 PeAyKTOp 8, KOPO~KY nepeAaq 3 (wn) 

MaKCHMaJIbHaR . . . . 0.m 0; 023 0;033 

A~B~T~HH~ Ha eblxone nacoca, 

Mna: 

MaKCHManbHOe . . . . 10 32 80 

MHHHManbHOe . . . . . 6.1 4 ,o 8.1 

06xe~ samep~oro 6a~a, M~ 3 6,4 6 

Macca arperaTa c aBToMauru- 

HOR, T . . . . . . . 8,5 17 22,5 

BaJIaMW 9 H 11. OH WMeeT pa3BeTBJIeHHYIO nPUeMHYIO (BC~CMB~IO- 

QyIO) JIWHWIO 7, COeAWHRIOQYIO er0 C 3aMePHbIM ~ ~ K Oqepe3 M 3a- 

ABWXKY W n03BOJIRIO4YIO OCYQeCTBJIRTb ABYCTOPOHHU~~ 3a6op Ue- 

MeHTHOrO PaCTBOpa. H ~ ~ H ~ T ~ T ~ 50-MM J I ~ JIUHUR H ~ R BbICOKOrO AaB- 

JIeHNR npH IIOMOWki ~~IcT~oA~~~cTBYIOQUX CO~AUH~HU~~ JIerKO 

npWCOeAHHReTCR K ~~JIuBo~Ho~~ rOJIOBKe, YCT~HOBJI~HHO~~ Ha YCTbe 

CKBaXHHhI.

K o ~ ~ p o n b ~ Bonpocbl b l e K ~JI. XIV 

TEXHUqECKOE OBCJIYXHBAHUE U PEMOHT BYPOBOrO 

OBOPY,4OBAHU5l 

CTPOHT~JI~CTBO CKBaXNHbI Ha ~e@~b I1 l"83 MOXHO Pa3AeJINTb 

Ha ABa 3Tana. nepBb1fi - IIOArOTGBKa IlJIOuaAKki, YCTaHOBKa N MOH- 

T a x O~O~~AOB~HHH, 

ero KpenAeHne, ncnbITaHwe n nycK B xcnnya- 

~auum. B~opofi - 06ecnese~ne 6ecnepe6ofi~oii pa6o~h1 06opyno~a- 

HNR, 3a~nc~uee OT y~enoii ero sKcnnyaTauun, n cBoespeMeHHoe 

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BNTeJIbHbIX pa6o.r. 

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B COOTBeTCTBYDuNX nOCJIeAOBaTeJIbHOCTB N COYeTaHNN 

KOMIIJIeKCa arperaTOB, MaWNH N MeXaHN3MOB AJIR BbIIIOJlHeHNR TeX- 

HOJIOrHYeCKNX onepa~Nfi, CBR3aHHhIX C ~POBOAKO~~ CKBaXNHbI. 34)- 

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noKa3a~eJIH HaAeXHOCTN 06'beK~a 3aKJIaAhIBaIoTCR B IlpOUeCCe 

er0 KOHCTPYNPOBaHNH, O~~CI~~YUB~DTCR npN N3rOTOBJleHWN N pea- 

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DT ~@@~KTHBHOCTII er0 pa60~1-d 6e3 COOTB~TCTB~D~~~~ 

CTpaTernn 

N KaYeCTBa TeXHNqeCKOrO 06cny~n~a~u~. ~ O CNCT~MO~~ 

A 

TeXHNYe- 

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B KaYeCTBe OCHOBHOR XapaKTepWCTWKN rOTOBHOCTN 6yp0~0r0 

060pyno~a~u~ B COOTBeTCTBNN C rOCT 13377-75 EiCnOJIb3yeTCR 

KO~@@H~U~HT rOTOBHOCTA, nOA KOTOPhIM nOHHMaeTCR BePORTHOCTb 

TOrO, YTO 06'beKT 6y~e~ pa60~a~b B npOA3BOJIbHO ~hl6pa~~hIfi MO- 

MeHT BpeMeHN B npOMeXyTKaX MeXAy BOCCTaHOBJIeHNeM er0 pa6o- 

TOCIIOCO~HOCTN. 

Kr = TIT+ TB, 

me T - H ~ P ~ ~ OHa T K OTKa3; ~ TB - CpeAHee BpeMR BOCCTaHOBJIe- 

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OTK~~ - CO~~ITN~, 3aKJIDYaDWeeCR B HapyWeHNN pa6o~ocno- 

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HOBOK. 

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3. Etjp08ble YCTaHOBKH AilR pa3BenOHOrO 6ype~~s Ha He@~b H ra3. - 

UkiHTkix~~~e@~e~aur. - M., 1984. 

4. 3a60ii~bre BHHTOBbIe ABHraTenH nnff 6ypeHHffIM. T. ~YCM~H, 

AeHKO, A. M. Ko~H~B, C. C. He~o~apoa.-M., Henpa, 1981. 

a. 0. Ban- 

5. NAbcKUd A. n., Mupo~os K). B., qep~o6bmbcrcud A. r. P ~c~T 

CTpyHpOBaHHe 6ypoaoro 060pyno~a~~s. - M., Henpa, 1985. 

6. necey~uli B. A., kfflbc~uii A. n. Bypoa~e MarUWHH H MeXaHH3MLI.-M., 

Henpa. 1980. 

H KOH- 

. . 

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KOHTPOJI~HH~ BOnpOCH K m. XV . . . . . . . . . . . 

CIIHCOK JIHTepaTypbl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

npe,lI~e~Hhlfi yKa3aTeJIb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 

UJI~CKH~~ A. JI., UIMHAT A. Il. 

M45 Eypo~hle MaIIIUHbl U MeXaHH3Mbl: Y ~ ~ ~ AJIR H UTeXHHKY- K 

MOB. - M.: Henpa, 1989 - 396 c.: un. 

LSBN 5-247-0 1 156-2 

Onuca~~ 6ypos~e YcTaHoBKu, BHILIKH, sa6ofi~b1e newrarene, cwoene 

IIPHBOAH, 06opynoaaewe AJIR CnyCKO-nOA5eMHbIX ~SIepaUHfi, BpaUeHHR 6ypHJIbH0fi 

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HHe H PeMOHT O~OPYAOB~HHR H ~ @ T ~ ~ ~ ~ IIpOMblCJIOBW. 

O B H X 

2503010300-378 

043(01)-89 

21-89 - CB. nnan nnn cpen. cneu. ys. sasen. EEK 33.131

Il'skij,Shmidt.pdf

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