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djds lwfpr djrk FkkA ijarq lacaèk izdV djus dh ;g jhfr cM+h tfVy vkSj vlE;d~ Fkh( D;ksafd lc laKkvksa dk :i ,d gh izdkj dk u gksus ds dkj.k os ,d gh dkjd esa vusd :iksa esa iz;qDr gksrh Fkha( vkSj dkjdksa dh la[;k bruh FkksM+h Fkh fd eu ftrus izdkj ds lacaèkksa dh Hkkouk dj ldrk gS] mu lcdks os Li"V :i ls lwfpr ugha dj ldrs FksA blhfy, buds lkFk fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k yxkdj muds lacaèk Li"V fd, tkrs FksA ijarq] ,d gh fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k dks ,d gh dkjd ds lkFk iz;qDr djus ls eu esa bl izdkj dh Hkkouk mRiUu gksus yxh fd dkjdlwpdksa rFkk LFkku vkSj le;lwpd vO;;ksa easa fdlh u fdlh izdkj dk dk;Z&dkj.k dk lk lacaèk gSA bl voLFkk esa bu fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dks dkjd&lwpd u ekudj yksxksa us bUgsa okLro eas lacaèklwpd eku fy;kA bl izdkj le; vkSj LFkku&lwpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k deZ] laiznku rFkk lacaèk ds lwpd gks x,A mnkgj.k ds fy, ge laLÑr dk ^vfèk* 'kCn ys ysrs gSa] tks igys fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k Fkk ij vkxs pydj lacaèklwpd gksdj deZ dkjd dk O;kikj laikfnr djus yxkA fQj ;g èkkrqvksa ds lkFk yxdj fØ;k ls deZ dk vuq'kklu djus yxkA vFkZ vfèkxPNfr ¼¾èku izkIr djrk gS½ igys ^vfèk vFk± xPNfr* ¼¾èku dh vksj tkrk gS½ FkkA ihNs ^vfèk* ^xPNfr* ds lkFk yxdj ^vFk±* dk vuq'kklu djus yxkA oSfnd Hkk"kk esa lacaèklwpd fØ;k&fo'ks"k.kksa us viuh Lora=krk fLFkj j[kh Fkh] ij ihNs ls og u"V gks xbZA vr,o ;g fl)kar fudyk fd igys laKkvksa ls fØ;kfo'ks"k.kksa dh mRifÙk gqbZ vkSj muls lacaèklwpd 'kCnksa dk oxZ LFkkfir gqvkA ¼x½ leqPp;cks/kd tgk¡ ,d gh ?kVuk dk le; vFkok ifjfLFkfr crykuh gksrh gS] ogk¡ rks fdlh dkjd vFkok mlds f?kls gq, :i fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k rFkk lacaèklwpd }kjk dke py tkrk gS] ij tgk¡ ij ,d dHkh nwljs dk dkj.k ;k ifj.kke gksrk gS] ogk¡ ,d vU; izdkj ds 'kCn dh vko';drk gksrh gSA ,sls LFkyksa ij igys dksbZ 'kCn ugha jgrk FkkA nksuksa okD; lkFk&lkFk j[k fn, tkrs Fks vkSj mudk ijLij lacaèk fuf'pr djus dk Hkkj ikBd ds Åij jgrk Fkk] tSls ßrqe mUgas Hkkstu nsrs gks] os izlUu gksrs gSaAÞ ;gk¡ igyk okD; nwljs okD; dk dkj.k gSA ij] nksuksa dks tksM+us okyk dksbZ 'kCn muds chp ugha gSA osnksa esa rFkk ckbfcy esa ,sls iz;ksx vfèkd la[;k esa ik, tkrs gSaA Hkk"kk&fodkl ds lkFk lkFk mlds vFkZO;fDr ds
ns[kk tk;] rks fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k lacaèkcksèkd vkSj leqPp;cksèkd vO;;ksa esa dksbZ fo'ks"k varj ugha gSA ¼?k½ foLe;kfncksèkd pkSFkk vO;; foLe;kfncksèkd gSA ;wukuh yksx bldh x.kuk 'kCnHksnksa esa ugha djrs FksA okLro esa foLe;kfncksèkd 'kCn ,d iw.kZ okD; gksrk gS] tSlsµvgk] vksQ] fN%] fèkd~ bR;kfnA buesa ls izR;sd 'kCn ,d iw.kZokD; dh O;atuk djrk gSA vr,o foLe;kfncksèkd 'kCnksa dk fopkj 'kCnksa ds lkFk u gksdj okD;&foU;kl esa gksuk pkfg,A Åij tks vO;;ksa dk bfrgkl fn;k x;k gS] mlls Kkr gksrk gS fd okLro esa lHkh vO;; laKk ls gh mRiUu gq, gSaA fo'ks"k.k vkSj loZuke rks ,d izdkj ls laKk ds vax gh gSaA vr,o ge dg ldrs gSa fd Hkk"kk dh vkfne voLFkk esa dsoy laKk vkSj fØ;kokpd 'kCn jgs gksaxs vkSj tSls&tSls Hkk"kk,¡ fodflr gksrh xb±] oSls&oSls muds HksnksiHksn gksrs x,A ifj.kkeLo:i vkt gekjh Hkk"kk esa 'kCnksa ds vkB Hksn ik, tkrs gSaA fØ;k fØ;k ds foospu esa blds :iksa vkSj iz;ksxksa dk bfrgkl tkuus esa ftruh dfBukb;k¡ mifLFkr gksrh gSa] mruh laKk vkfn ds fo"k; esa ugha gSaA laKk ds :iksa vkSj iz;ksxksa ds fo"k; eas izk;% lHkh vk;Z Hkk"kkvkas esa ftruh lekurk gS] mruh fØ;k&:iksa esa ughaA blesa lansg ugha gS fd dkjdksa eas cgqr ifjorZu vkSj mudk ijLij feJ.k gks x;k gS] ij fØ;k&:iksa esa dgha vfèkd ifjorZu gqvk gSA fØ;k ds fo"k; esa fHkUu&fHkUu vk;Z Hkk"kkvksa esa rqyuk ds fy, lekxzh Hkh ;Fks"V ugha gS] ftlls vkèkqfud :iksa dk izkphu bfrgkl tkuus esa dqN lgk;rk feysA vr,o fØ;k dk foospu djuk Hkk"kkoSKkfud ds fy, vR;ar nq"dj dk;Z gSA dsoy laLÑr] ;wukuh vkSj LySoksfud Hkk"kk,¡ ,slh gSa] ftuesa fØ;k ds izkphu :i lqjf{kr gSaA buesa ls fo'ks"kdj laLÑr vkSj ;wukuh ds :iksa esa cgqr lkE; gSA dsfYVd] bVSfyd rFkk teSZfud Hkk"kk,¡ bl fo"k; esa cgqr fiNM+h gqbZ gSa] vFkkZr~ muesa izkphu :iksa dh deh gSA ij teSZfud Hkk"kkvksa esa dqN :i cgqr izkphu vkSj vifjofrZr n'kk esa gSaA ;wukuh vkSj ySfVu ds fØ;k&:iksa esa dqN Hkh lkE; ughaA vr,o izkphu :iksa dk irk yxkus ds fy, laLÑr vkSj ;wukuh ds :iksa dh rqyuk vko';d gS vkSj mlh ds }kjk fØ;k dk izkphu bfrgkl tkuk tk ldrk gSA ewy Hkkjksih; Hkk"kk esa orZeku (Present), viw.kZHkwr (Imperfect), Hkfo"; (Future), iw.kZHkwr (Perfect) vkSj lkekU;Hkwr (Aorist) fo|eku~ FksA ij IywijQsDV (pluperfect) ihNs dk tku iM+rk gSA gsrqgsrqen~(Subjunctive) vkSj foè;FkZ (Optative) 190 / Hkk"<strong>kkfoKku</strong>
Page 1 and 2:
Hkk"kkfoKku
Page 3 and 4:
izdk'kd izdk'ku laLFkku 4715/21] n;
Page 5 and 6:
fn;k tk;A u eSaus fdlh ,sls xzaFk d
Page 7 and 8:
ds fodkl dk bfrgkl fn;k x;k gSA nwl
Page 9 and 10:
vuqØe Hkwfedk 5 izdj.k&1 fo"k;&izo
Page 11 and 12:
'kkL=k dk egÙo Hkk"kkfoKku Hkk"kk
Page 13 and 14:
gS] vkSj ^fu#Dr* 'Cn fdlh xzaFk&fo'
Page 15 and 16:
Hkk"kk dk oxhZdj.k] èofuf'k{kk] è
Page 17 and 18:
dke djrk gSA Hkk"kk esa tSls :i fey
Page 19 and 20:
dqN izHkko iM+rk gSA fdlh ns'k ds y
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dh cgqr iz'kalk dh xbZ FkhA bl xzaF
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yksth dk dEijsfVo fQykWyksth ¼¾ r
Page 25 and 26:
gks] mls fo'ys"k.kkRed :i esa gh iz
Page 27 and 28:
Hkk"kk ds vax Hkk"kk dk 'kjhj izèk
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Hkk"kk dk in nsusokyk vkHkhj jktkvk
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Hkk"k.k dk f}foèk vkèkkj ;fn ge v
Page 33 and 34:
HkkSfrd vkèkkj gSA euq"; gh mldk v
Page 35 and 36:
mRiUu ekudj vkxs&vkxs Hkk"kk dk fod
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dky dk Hkh vuqeku dj ldrs gSaA blh
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ugha gksrkA bu ijaijkizkIr 'kCnksa
Page 41 and 42:
gksdj Hkk"kk ij 'kklu ugha djrsA le
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lh lanHkZ eas dqN Hkk"kkfoKkfu;ksa
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O;fDr&cksyh] cksyh ,oa Hkk"kk lkekU
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vk tkrh gSA blhfy, gesa ,d gh Hkk"k
Page 49 and 50:
gSa rks ml izo`fÙk dks èofu&foi;Z
Page 51 and 52:
izdj.k&3 Hkk"kkvksa dk oxhZdj.k okD
Page 53 and 54:
'kCn T;ksa ds R;ksa cus jgrs gSa] t
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dh Hkwfe cM+h vknzZ vkSj iafdy gSA
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leklizèkku vFkok cgqlafgr O;klizè
Page 59 and 60:
foHkfDrizèkku izR;;izèkku Hkk"kk
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Hkk"k.k dks ^cksyh* dgykus dk xkSjo
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vesfjdk [kaM bl izdkj Hkk"kkvksa dk
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¼3½ ,dk{kj vFkok phuh ifjokjA ¼4
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gSaA vr% vki fuf'pr :i ls os la;ksx
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gksrk gSA dqN fnuksa rd MaMks&teZu
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Fkh vkSj yks&teZu nf{k.k teZuh dh y
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xzhd Hkk"kk xzhd Hkk"kk dk izkphure
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dk Qy gSA ;g lsaVªy ,f';k ds rqQ
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¼2½ Hkkjksih; e vFkkZr~ v)Zekf=kd
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if'peh bZjkuh dh ,d Hkk"kk ehfM;u g
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¼1½ la- vosLrk izk- Qk- vokZ- Qkf
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:i ls oxhZdj.k ugha fd;k tk ldrkA b
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O;atu vkxs o.kZ esa fey lk tkrk gSA
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;k vklke&cehZ 'kk[kk ds uke ls gh i
Page 89 and 90:
vkSj mldh cksfy;k¡ ¼vdjkuh] nkos
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vka/kz oxZ vkaèkz oxZ esa dsoy vka
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gSaA muesa lcls vfèkd egÙo dh vkS
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igkM+h cksfy;ksa dks MkW- pSVthZ us
Page 97 and 98:
¼fgUnqLrkuh½ dks fganh dh foHkk"k
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de gksrk gS] ij fuR; O;ogkj ds 'kCn
Page 101 and 102:
dUukSth gjnksbZ] 'kkgtgk¡iqj] ihyh
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igkM+h ekjokM+h vkSj t;iqjh ls feyr
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ls ysdj iwjs fcgkj izkar esa rFkk N
Page 107 and 108:
FkkA Hkkstiqj dk èoalko'ks"k vkt '
Page 109 and 110:
izdj.k&4 èofu vkSj èofu&fodkj èo
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èofu dk feJ.k lqu iM+rk gS] ij okL
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14- narewy 15- nar 16- vks"B 17- ft
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ij ;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd izR;sd Hk
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vuqukfld] ikf'Zod vkSj yqafBr O;atu
Page 119 and 120:
ds vxz] feJ ¼eè;½ vkSj i'p rhu o
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o`Ùkkdkj vkSj vo`Ùkkdkj Loj Lojks
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tkrh gSA bl izdkj Jqfr ,d u;s o.kZ
Page 125 and 126:
ifjek.k vFkok ek=kk mldh ik'oZorhZ
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Hkk"kk vkrh gS mldh èofu la[;k ifj
Page 129 and 130:
¼1½ buesa ls Ãa, Ãe, Ão, $û,
Page 131 and 132:
¼2½ vfifufgfr dk vFkZ gS 'kCn ds
Page 133 and 134:
O;atuµ ¼39 O;atu½ 136 / Hkk"kkfo
Page 135 and 136: ¼3½ d] [k] x] ?k] p] N] t] > bR;k
Page 137 and 138: Hkh iqjkuh fganh esa feyrk gSA fons
Page 139 and 140: 142 / Hkk"kkfoKku nh?kZ dk ÐLo gks
Page 141 and 142: 144 / Hkk"kkfoKku eè;Lojyksi tSls
Page 143 and 144: ¼[k½ nwljs izdkj dk Lojkxe vfifuf
Page 145 and 146: ¼6½ lko.;Z vFkok lk:I; Hkk"kk dh
Page 147 and 148: èofu&fodkj ds dkj.k ¼1½ eq[k&lq[
Page 149 and 150: vkSj viHkza'k esa laLÑr dh vis{kk
Page 151 and 152: D;ksafd ,sls vioknksa ds dkj.k cká
Page 153 and 154: fxze&fu;e dk funksZ"k va'k tSdWc fx
Page 155 and 156: v¡xjsth esa sk dk sh gksuk gh fu;e
Page 157 and 158: Loj vkSj cy dk lkèkkj.k ifjp; ge i
Page 159 and 160: dk dqN lacaèk :ifopkj ls vkSj dqN
Page 161 and 162: igyh izfØ;k dks lekgkj&fofèk vFko
Page 163 and 164: gqvk gS ij] dbZ Hkk"kkvkas esa mldk
Page 165 and 166: Patrokto'nos dk vFkZ gksrk gS firk
Page 167 and 168: feyrs gSaA bl rhljs oxZ esa gh v¡x
Page 169 and 170: tks foHkfDr dk dke djrs gSaA ijarq
Page 171 and 172: Hkkjksih; izR;; :i&lkèkd izR;; ¼O
Page 173 and 174: vk[;kr izR;; nwljs izdkj ds :i&lkè
Page 175 and 176: nksuksa ds lkFk ik;s tkrs gSaA buds
Page 177 and 178: lerk gksA ;gh ,d:irk ¼uniformity½
Page 179 and 180: ds izHkko lsµ'kCnksa ds vkB Hksn e
Page 181 and 182: opu vkfne Hkkjksih; Hkk"kk eas rhu
Page 183 and 184: d mudh mRifÙk ds fo"k; esa dksbZ f
Page 185: ¼d½ vO;; fØ;k&fo'ks"k.k gekjs vO
Page 189 and 190: uesa dksbZ varj u jg x;kA oSfnd dky
Page 191 and 192: gS( vFkkZr~ O;qRifÙk 'kkL=k vkSj v
Page 193 and 194: ckSf)d fu;e vkSj vFkZfopkj nwljh ck
Page 195 and 196: v¡xjsth ds lacaèk dkjdokys ^fpÌ*
Page 197 and 198: lhèkh ckr rks ;g gS fd ns'kh] fons
Page 199 and 200: gksus yxrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, fganh
Page 201 and 202: tks LojoS"kE; gS] og vktdy dk |ksrd
Page 203 and 204: fganh] c¡xyk vkfn esa dky vkSj ijl
Page 205 and 206: lrr mi;ksx ds dkj.k Hkh 'kCnksa dh
Page 207 and 208: os ladqfpr gks tkrs gSaA bl ladksp
Page 209 and 210: ds uhps vk ldrs gSaµlkèkkj.khdj.k
Page 211 and 212: feBcksYyk] gFk&mèkjk] fn;klykbZ] e
Page 213 and 214: ds varxZr vk tkrs gSa( D;ksafd 'kCn
Page 215 and 216: fid 1 cksy jgk gSµbl okD; esa fid
Page 217 and 218: O;ogkj ls gh /oU;kRed 'kCn dh vfuR;
Page 219 and 220: y{k.kk ds rhu gsrq fopkjiwoZd ns[ku
Page 221 and 222: u lHkh mnkgj.kksa eas xq.k&lkn`'; d
Page 223 and 224: gksrk gSA ij] ^eqfDr ds fy, LFkk.kq
Page 225 and 226: y{;laHkok vkFkhZ O;atuk tc y{; vFkZ
Page 227 and 228: igys 'kCn esa O;atu&O;kikj gksrk gS
Page 229 and 230: xk¡o ds uke esa ^dj* yxkdj fy[krs
Page 231 and 232: u ekSfyd ghA bl eukso`fÙk dks ysdj
Page 233 and 234: ds bl ekSfyd Hksn dk è;ku ugha jD[
Page 235 and 236: la[;k vkSj vad osnksa esa la[;kvksa
Page 237 and 238:
nsoukxjh rFkk vU; fyfi;k¡ Hkkjr dh
Page 239 and 240:
¼2½ Hkkjr dh orZeku fyfi;k¡ fdl
Page 241 and 242:
5- iw.kZ vuqLokj ds LFkku ij ^O* yx
Page 243 and 244:
FkkA lfefr dh dqy 9 cSBdsa gqb±A d
Page 245 and 246:
¼1½ v N Hk$ y j g èk Hk ¼2½ v
Page 247 and 248:
izdj.k&8 izkxSfrgkfld [kkst Hkk"kk
Page 249 and 250:
;wjksi ds fHkUu&fHkUu izkarksa dks
Page 251 and 252:
vfèkd ;qfDr&laxr tku iM+rh gSA bl
Page 253 and 254:
ea=kksa dh Hkk"kk eas foHksn ns[k i
Page 255 and 256:
vkfne vk;ks± dh lH;rk vk;Z&oa'k dh
Page 257 and 258:
oa'k fHkUu&fHkUu lacaèkksa dks lwf
Page 259 and 260:
mnk-µdkW³~xzsl] ykWMZA ¼4½ vks
Page 261 and 262:
[kM+hcksyh ds Loj vktdy dh Vdlkyh [
Page 263 and 264:
mnk-µ[ksr] fHk[kkjh] lq[kA ¼4½ x
Page 265 and 266:
'kCnksa ds chp esa doxZ ds igys ³
Page 267 and 268:
gksrk gSA g vkSj v esa eq[k ds vo;o
Page 269 and 270:
vuqØef.kdk v v¡xjsthµ23] 25] 31]
Page 271 and 272:
vk;ks±µdk vkfne fuokl LFkkuµ258
Page 273 and 274:
[k [kfM+;kµ87 [kM+h cksyh ds Lojµ
Page 275 and 276:
nkars egkdfoµ74 nkjnh; Hkk"kk&oxZ
Page 277 and 278:
µizkxSfrgkfld [kkstµ250 izk.k&èo
Page 279 and 280:
Hkk"kk'kkL=kµ16 Hkk"kk ewyµ36 Hkk
Page 281 and 282:
jksx ¼yispk½µ91 jksekal vFkok js
Page 283 and 284:
'kCn'kfDr dk Lo:iµ214 'kCn'kkL=kµ
Page 285 and 286:
Loj&fodkjµ30] 129 Loj yksiµ52] 10
Page 287:
MkW- ';kelqUnj nkl % 1875 bZ- esa d
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