Health and Safety in Forestry- Xitsonga - Department of Labour

RIHANYU NA 

VUHLAYISEKI E 

SWIHLAHLENI 

Ezempilo Nokuphepha Kwezamahlathi < 1

I . MANGHENELO 

Swihlahla swi ya emahlweni swi va swin’wana swa swiyenge swa mitirho swa nghozi ematikweni yo tala. 

Emisaveni hinkwawo, ku na ku cinca loku hetaka mbilu ka mpimo wa tinghozi leti tlakukaka na ku humelela ka 

le henhla ka mavabyi ya tinghozi ta le tirhweni na ku ya ephexenini nkarhi wu nga se fika exikarhi ka vatirhi 

va le swihlahleni. 

Ku tirhisiwa na ku fambisiwa ka swihlahla i swa khale tanihi vanhu. Ekusunguleni swihlahla a swi tirhiseriwa ku 

kuma swakudya: swakudya, switshiveri na minchumu yo aka. Hi ku anama, ku na mitlawa yimbirhi ya mitirho 

ya swihlahla: leyi yelanaka na vurimi bya mirhi ( ndzimo na mafambiselo ya mirhi ya nhova) na leyi yelanaka 

na ntshovelo. 

• Mitirho ya xiviri eka vurimi bya mirhi yi katsa ku byala mirhi, vumithisi, ku lawula nhova na switsotswana, 

na ku tshena/ku khutulela marhavi. Ku byala mirhi i swa nguva, naswona ematikweni man’wana swi katsa 

mitlawa yo hambana ya vatirhi lava nga tinyiketela eka gingiriko leri. 

• Eka ntshovelo, mitirho ya ntolovelo i ku tirhisa tisaha, eswihlahleni swa tropiki na mupfuni mikarhi yo 

tala; valulamisi va choka lava khomanisaka tikhebulu etiteretereni kumbe ti “skylines” leti kokaka tilogo 

etlhelo ka patu; vapfuni lava pimaka, fambisaka, lodaka na ku susa marhavi eka tilogo; na vatirhisi va 

michini ya titeretere, valodi, lava khireyinaka tikhebulu, vatshoveri na tithiraka to loga. 

Miehleketo leyi tivekaka ngopfu ematikweni yo tala hi leswaku ntirho wa le swihlahleni i ntirho wa 3-D: 

wu vanga thyaka, wa tika naswona wu na nghozi. Ndzhurhelo wa ntumbuluko, xithekiniki na timhaka ta 

minhlangano ti nghenisa xiave eka ntwalo walowo. Ntirho wa swihlahla wu fanele wu endliwa ehandle. 

Vatirhi va kumeka va langutanile na ku tika ka maxelo: ku hisa, ku titimela, gamboko, mpfula na miseve ya 

dyambu. Ntirho wu tlhela wu ya emahlweni hambi eka maxelo yo biha na, le ka mitirho ya michini, swi 

tlhela swi ya emahlweni hi xitalo na vusiku. Vatirhi va va va langutanile na tinghozi ta ntumbuluko to fana na 

tithereyini to pandzeka kumbe ndzhope, swimila leswi manyaneke na nandzelelano wa tiejente ta bayiloji. 

Tindhawu to tirhela ti va ti ri ekule, na vuhlanganisi bya vusweti na ku tikeriwa eka ku ponisa na ku humesiwa 

endhawini. Vutomi bya le tikampeni na mikarhi yo tala ya ku va u ri wexe u nga ri ekusuhi na ndyangu wa wena 

na vanghana swa ha ri swa ntolovelo ematikweni yo tala. 

2 > Ezempilo Nokuphepha Kwezamahlathi

II. XIKONGOMELO XA XIBUKWANA 

Ku tiyisisa mbango lowu hlayisekeke wu tlhela wu hanya kahle eka xiyenge xa swihlahla, un’wana na un’wana 

loyi a khumbhekaka u na mitirho na vutihlamuleri bya rihanyu na vuhlayiseki leswi andlariweke kahle eka 

Swiyenge swa 8, 13 na 14 swa Nawu wa Rihanyu na Vuhlayiseki bya le Tirhweni, Nawu wa 85 wa 1993. 

Xibukwana lexi xi na swiletelo swo pfuna vathori, na lava titirhaka na lava nga eka vulawuri bya ntirho 

eswihlahleni leswaku va fikelela mitirho ya vona loko va khumbheka eka migingiriko ya swihlahla. 

Ntirho wa swihlahla i gingiriko ra xiyimo xa le henhla swinene xa nghozi. Timhaka ta mafambiselo leti 

khumbhekaka i ku tshovela timhandze, uti yisa etlhelo ka patu na ku ti yisa eka mutirhisi swa tika swinene. 

Hambiloko ku ri mubyali wa timhandze kumbe muxavi, mukontiraka kumbe mukontirakatsongo, kuna 

xiphemu xa nkoka xo endla leswaku rihanyu na vuhlayayiseki bya vanhu a swi vekiwi eka xiyimo xa nghozi. 

Loko u kunguhata na ku endla ntirho wa bindzu ra swihlahla un’wana na un’wana u langutanile na mitirho yo 

hlaya ya rihanyu na vuhlayiseki leyi faneleke ku tirhaniwa na yona, yo fana na: 

•• 

Ku tata mahlelelo ya risiki 

•• 

Ku hlawula swingolongondwana leswi ringaneleke swa ntirho 

•• 

Ku tiyisisa rihanyu na vuhlayiseki bya vatirhi 

•• 

Ku veka maendlelo laya hlayisekeke ya ntirho 

•• 

Ku tiyisisa leswaku vanhu va leteriwile hi ndlela leyi ringaneleke 

•• 

Ku langutela ntirho. 

Ku fambisa rihanyu na vuhlayiseki eswihlahleni hi ndlela yo humelela na ku fambisa nhundzu leswi yelanaka, 

ku fanele ku va na migingiriko leyi kondleteriwaka na van’wana na mahungu ya hundzisiwa hi le henhla na le 

hansi ka cheyini ya kontiraka. 


1. 1. XANA TINGHOZI TA MIGINGIRIKO YA SWIHLAHLA HI TIHI 

Ntumbuluko wa ntirho wa swihlahla wu vumbiwa hi matirhelo ya manyuwali lawa ya katsaka ku tsema 

timhandze/mirhi, ku susa marhavi, ku tsema na ku kwamula. Matirhelo ya mekhenikali ya katsa ku kwamula 

ka mekhenikali hi switshoveri swa mirhi, ku yisa emahlweni na ku susa swikundzu/swipimbi. Vatirhi va 

swihlahla lava wisaka mirhi hi tisaha va langutanile na tinghozi tikulukumba swinene eka ntirho. Matirhelo 

ya xiyimo xa le henhla xa nghozi ya katsa ku yisa ehansi “switiyisi” , u karhi u hlayisa leswi tshoviweke hi 

moya, na ku basisa endzhaku ka mindzilo ya nhova. Vabyari va mirhi na vona va tlhela va va eka xiyimo xa 

nghozi hi ku khoma tilodi to tika ta mbewu na ku yi byala eka swiyimo swo nonon’hwa. Switsotswana na 

swidlayaswikowa leswi tirhisiwaka eka mbewu na swona i mhangu. 

Timhaka ta rihanyu na vuhlayiseki bya le ntirhweni leti yelanaka na migingiriko ya swihlahla ti katsa: 

•• 

Timhangu ta mbumbeko 

- Tlimeti 

- Ntirho wa manyuwali 

- Huwa 

- Ndzundzhumelo 

•• 

Timhangu ta khemikali 

•• 

Timhangu ta bayiloji 

•• 

Vuhlayiseki bya michini 

1.1 TIMHANGU TA MBUMBEKO 

1.1.1 Tlimeti 

Ku tirha ehandle, leswi nga hikwalaho ka xiyimo xa tlimeti, swi va swi ri kahle kumbe swi nga ri kahle eka 

vatirhi va le swihlahleni. Moya wa furexe na maxelo ya kahle i swa kahle. Kambe swiyimo leswi nga riki 

kahle swi nga vanga swiphiqo. 

4 > Ezempilo Nokuphepha Kwezamahlathi 

•• 

Ku tirha eka tlimeti yo hisa swi veka ntshikelelo eka mutirhi wa le swihlahleni loyi a tirhaka ntirho wo tika. 

Exikarhi ka swin’wana, mpimo wa mabelo ya mbilu wa ndlandlamuka ku endlela leswaku mahiselo ya miri 

ya tshama ya ri ehansi. Ku huma nyuku swi vula leswaku ku lahleka ka swihalaki swa miri. 

Ntirho wo tika eka mahiselo ya le henhla swi vula leswaku mutirhi 

a nga laveka ku nwa 600 ml ya mati hi awara ku endlela leswaku 

swihalaki swa miri swi tshama swi ri eka ndzinganelo.

• Eka tlimeti yo titimela timasele ti tirha hi ndlela ya vusweti. Nghozi ya ku vaviseka ka misiha (MSI) na 

tinghozi swa ndlandlamuka. Hi ku ngetelela, matirhiselo ya eneji ya ndlandlamuka na wona, tanihi loko 

swi teka eneji yo tala ku tshama u kufumerile. Swiyimo swa mpfula, ngopfu-ngopfu loko swi katsana 

na ku titimela, swi vula tinghozi ta xiyimo xa le henhla, tanihi loko swi tika ku khoma switirho. Swi 

tlhela swi vula leswaku miri wu kumeka wu titimela swinene. 

Mambalelo laya ringaneleke ya swiyimo swo hambanahambana swa titlimeti i ya 

nkoka leswaku mutirhi wa le swihlahleni a tsahama a kufumerile a tlhela a oma 

• Hi le ka titlimeti to hisa ntsena laha ku lavekaka swiambalo swo vevuka. I xiphiqo ku tirhisa swiambalo 

swo ringanela swo tisirhelela na tintanghu ku tisirhelela eka mitwa, marhavi lama hundlaka na 

swimilana leswi hungelaka. 

Vutshamo byi fanele ku va na switirhisiwa swo hlantswa 

na swo omisa leswi ringaneleke swa swiambalo 

1.1.2 Ntirho wa le swihlahleni wa manyuwali, huwa na ndzhundzhumelo 

• Mutirhi wa le swihlahleni wo tirha hi manyuwali hi loyi a tirhaka hi michini yo khomiwa hi mavoko yo 

fana na tisaha kumbe tiburachi ta gezi to tsema naswona u langutanile na xiyimo xo fana xa tlimeti ku 

fana na mutirhi wa manyuwali. 

Mutirhi na yena u na swilaveko swo fana swa swiambalo swo 

ringanela na switirhisiwa swa vutshamo 


• Huwa 

—— 

I xiphiqo loko u tirha hi saha, saha ya burachi kumbe michini leyi fanaka. Xiyenge xa huwa xa 

tisaha to tala leti tirhisiwaka eka swihlahla swa ntolovelo xi hundza 100 dBA. Mutirhisi u 

langutanile na xiyenge lexi xa huwa ku ringana 2 ku ya fika eka tiawara ta 5 siku na siku. Swa 

tika ku hunguta xiyenge xa huwa xa michini leyi ku ri hava ku yi endli leswaku yi tika na ku 

nonon’hwa ku tirha hi yona 

—— 

Vatirhi lava langutaneke na huwa leyi nga eka kumbe ehenhla ka 85dBA va ri hava swiendliwa 

swo tisirhelela eka huwa va nga ha va na xiphiqo xo lahlekeriwa hi ku twa xo vangiwa hi huwa. 

Ku tirhisiwa ka swiendliwa swo sirhelela ku twa i swa nkoka. 

• Ndzundzhumelo wa voko 

—— 

- Lexi i xiphiqo xin’wana xa tisaha. vuvabyi bya “white finger” a byi ri xiphiqo xikulu eka vatirhi 

van’wana va swihlahla lava a va tirhisa tisaha. ekatanga. 

Xiphiqo xi nga minimayiziwa hi tisaha ta ximanguva lawa hi ku 

tirhisiwa ka tidampara leti nga rhurhumeliki 


• Ku rhurhumela ka miri hinkwawo 

—— 

Ndzhundzhumelo wa miri hinkwawo eka michini ya le swihlahleni wu nga vangiwa hi 

tithereyini laha michini leyi yi fambaka kona 

—— 

Ku famba ka xitlakula-ndzhwalo na swiphemu swin’wana leswi fambaka swa michini, na 

ndzhundzhumelo wo hundziseriwa hi gezi 

—— 

Xiphiqo xo kongomisa i ku tshuka ka mutirhisi loko muchini wu ya ehansi ku suka eka xihingakanyi 

xo fana na ribye 

—— 

Vatirhisi va mimovha , yo fana na swikidere na tifowadere, va tala ku va na swiphiqo swa 

xivavi xa nhlana. 

—— 

Ku rhurhumela swi tlhela swi ndlandlamuxa ku vuyelela ka ku vaviseka ko vangiwa hi ku 

karhala (RSI) ka nhamu, katla, voko kumbe xandla. 

—— 

Ku rhurhumela swi ndlandlamuka hi matimba ku ya hi rivilo leri mutirhisi a chayelaka ha rona 

muchini.

• Ku endlela ku hunguta ku rhurhumela, michini yi nga ringanisiwa na tisiti to hunguta 

ndzhundzhumelo. 

• Loko ku ri hava vulawuri lebyi tshinelaka leswaku byi tirhisiwa eka ku lawula mhangu, 

malulamiselo ya xiphiqo laya nga kona ya ri woxe i ku hunguta timhangu hi ku yisa ehansi 

nkarhi wo langutana, xikombiso, hi ku cincanisa ntirho. 

Xihuku xa vuhlayiseki 

Tintanghu ta vuhlayiseki 

Swisirhelelo swo twa 

Nsirhelelo wa mahlo 

Magilavhu ya vuhlayiseki 

Nsirhelelo wa nenge 

Figara ya 1 laha henhla yi kombisa muxaka wa swingolongondzwana swo tisirhelela leswi tirhisiwaka eka ntirho wa swihlahla 

1.2 TIMHANGU TA KHEMIKALI 

1.2.1 Switshiveri na Tioyili swa Michini yo Rhwaleka 

• Michini yo rhwaleka ya swihlahla yo fana na tisaha, tisaha ta tiburachi na michini leyi fambaka hi laha 

ku humesiwaka switshiveri eka matirhiselo yo fambisa. 

• Michini yo rhwaleka leyi tirhisiwaka eswihlahleni yi nyikiwa ndzilo hi tinjhini timbirhi ta switiroku, laha 

oyili leyi totiweke yi va ku yi hlanganisiwile na switshiveri. Ku langutana na switshiveri na ku totiwa 

na oyili ya nketani swi nga humelela hi nkarhi wa ku hlanganisa switshiveri na ku tata na hi nkarhi wo 

fambisa. 

• Switshiveri swi tlhela swi va mhangu ya ndzilo, naswona swi lava ku hlayisiwa na ku khomiwa hi 

vukheta 

• Tiarosolo ta oyili ti nga vanga mhangu ya rihanyu yo fana na ku hungeriwa ka nhompfu, nkolo na 

kholokholo na mahlo, na xiphiqo xa nhlonge 

• Hi nkarhi wo hlayisa na ntirho wo lunghisa, mavoko ya vatirhisi va michini ya langutana na switoti, tioyili 

ta haydroliki na tioyili ta switshiveri, leswi swi nga vangaka leswaku nhlonge yi huma rhaxi/swirhumbana. 


Ku papalata ku hungeriwa, nhlonge yi fanele yi sirheleriwa ku va yi hlangana na oyili hi magilavhu yo 

sirhelela, ku hlamba mavoko endzhaku ka ku tirhisa na ku tirhisa tikhirimi ta tiberiya 

1.1.3 Swidlayaswitsotswana, Swidlayaswimilana, swinonisi na swihlovohati 

• Swidlayaswitsotswana swi tirhisiwa eswihlahleni na le vurimiselweni bya le swihlahleni ku 

lawula swikowa, switsotswana na makondlo. E swihlahleni swidlayaswimilana swi tirhisiwa ku 

lawula timhandze ta marhavi lamatsongo, nhova na byanyi eka “young softwood sapling stands”. 

Swidlayaswimilana swa “Phenoxy” , “glyphosphate” kumbe “triazines” swi tirhiseriwa xikongomelo lexi. 

• Hi mikarhi, swidlayaswitsotswana, ngopfu-ngopfu komponi ya “organophosphorus, tikomponi 

ta “organochlorine kumbe “synthetic pyredroids” swi nga tirhisiwa na swona. Eka vurimiselo bya 

swihlahla, ti “dithiocarbamates” ti tirhisiwa nkarhi na nkarhi ku sirhelela timbewu ta timhandze to 

olova eka swikowa swa tiphayin 

• Nghozi yo langutana yi fana na yo tirhisa swidlayaswitsotswana swin’wana. Swikombisa leswi 

vangiwaka hi ku langutana ko hundzisisa eka swidlayaswitsotswana swa hambana swinene ku ya hi 

komponi leyi tirhisiweke , kambe mikarhi yo tala ku langutana na swidlayaswitsotswana entirhweni 

swi nga vanga mpfilumpfilu wa nhlonge 

• Tikhemikali tin’wana leti tirhisiwaka hi ntolovelo eka ntirho wa swihlahla i swinonisi na swihlovohati 

leswi tirhisiwaka ku fungha timhandze. Ku fungha timhandze swi nga ha endliwa hi hamele yo fungha 

kumbe bodlela ro fafazela. Swihlovohati swi na “glycol ethers”, swihoko na swibori swin’wana 

leswi n’okaka, kambe xiyenge xo langutana hi nkarhi wa ntirho xi le hansi. Swinonisi leswi tirhisiwaka 

eswihlahleni swi na chefu ya le hansi, naswona ku tirhisiwa ka swona a hi nkarhi hinkwawo ku nga 

swiphiqo hi mayelana na nsivela mavabyi wa le ntirhweni. 


• Ku papalata ku langutana na swidlayaswitsotswana, vatirhi va le swihlahleni va fanele 

ku tirhisa swingolongondwana swo tisirhelela(PPE) (xik. Kepisi, tiovhorolo, mabutsu na 

magilavhu). 

• Loko swidlayaswitsotswana leswi nga na chefu swi tirhisiwile, xiendliwa xa hefemulo xi 

fanele xi ambariwa hi nkarhi wo tirhisa. PPE leyi pfunaka yi yisa eka ku aka ku hisa na ku 

huma nyuku hi ndlela yo hundzisisa. 

• Matirhiselo ya fanele ya kunguhateriwa tiawara leti holeke swinene ta siku na loko ku nga 

ri na moya swinene. 

• Swi tlhela swi va swa nkoka ku hlantswa tispili hinkwato hi nkarhi hi mati na ku papalata 

ku dzaha na ku dya hi nkarhi wa ntirho wo fafazela. 

1.2 TIMHANGU TA BAYILOJI EXIKARHI KA VATIRHI VA LE SWIHLAHLENI 

Vanhu lava gingirikaka ehandle , ngopfu-ngopfu eka vurimi na swihlahla, va langutana na timhangu ta rihanyu 

ku suka eka swiharhi, swimilana, swiborisi, switsongwatsongwana na swin’wana hi xiyimo xa le henhla ku 

tlula vanhu hinkwavo.

1.3.1 Mirhi na timhandze 

Swo tala swa ntolovelo i mpfindluko wa aleji eka mirhi na swiendliwa swa timhandze ( timhandze, 

swivumbo swa mahanti, ritshuri), ngopfu-ngopfu vuluvana. Ku vaviseka ku nga ha va kona ku suka eka ku 

purosesa (xik. Ku suka eka tipantsu, mitwa, na byewu) na le ka mintlulelo leyikulu, leyi nga ta ka yi nga susiwi 

naswona yi nga yisa eka mimpfilungano yo yisa emahlweni. 

Swiambalo swo sirhelela leswi faneleke i swa nkoka. 

1.3.2 Tinyoka leti nga na chefu 

Ku lumiwa hi nyoka leyi nga na chefu swi tshama swi ri xiyimo xa khombo xa swa vutshunguri. Swi lava 

mfembo lowu lulameke na vutshunguri bya xihatla. Ku tiva nyoka leyi ku lumeke naswona i swa nkoka. 

1.3.3 Tinyoxi, mumpfi, mipfi na vusokoti 

Chefu ya switsotswana yi na swivangelo swo hambana, hi ku ya hi ndhawu. Ku susa ndzhombho enhlongeni 

( na ku va na vukheta leswaku u nga kumi chefu yo tala hi nkarhi wo khoma) ku horisa swi bumabumeriwa 

tanihi magoza yo sungula yo pfuna. Mpfilungano lowu chaviwaka swinene i mpfindluko lowu xungetaka 

vutomi, lowu nga kuceteriwaka hi ndzhombho wa xitsotswana. 

1.4 VUHLAYISEKI BYA MICHINI 

Un’wana na un’wana loyi a khumbhekaka eka timhaka ta migingiriko ya swihlahla u na ntirho wo fikelela 

swilaveko swa Swinawana swa Michini yo Chayeriwa(DMR) na Swinawana swa Michini yo Angarhela (GMR). 

• Michini hi ku Angarhela yi fanele yi va na: 

• Vulanguteri bya kahle 

—— 

Vusirheleri lebyi ringaneleke ehenhla ka ku susa (ROPS), marhavi lawa ya waka na mirhi (FOPS), 

swilo leswi nghenaka swo fana na marhavi, tikhebulu leti tshovekaka na ticheyini(OPS) 

• Michini yo Tlakula yi fanele yi: 

—— 

Yi va na tibiriki, mathayere, xidirayivhele na maendlelo man’wana yo lawula lawa ya nga eka 

xiyimo xa kahle xo tirha 

—— 

Yi va na tibumu, tigirepulu, tikhebulu, tixeki, swihlanganisi na tichoki leswi endliweke na ku 

hlayiseriwa ku tolovela tilodi hi vuhlayiseki 

• Yi va na tilodi ta makisimamu leti funghiweke eka michini yo tlakula 

• Yi kamberiwa hi vuenti tanihi leswi swi kombisiweke eka swinawana swa michini yo chayeriwa 

• Yi tirhisiwa hi vatirhisi lava nga na vuswikoti. 


2. HI YIHI MILAWU LEYI ANDLARIWEKE EKA NAWU WA RIHANYU 

NA VUHLAYISEKI BYA LE NTIRHWENI 

Milawu ya Rihanyu na Vuhlayiseki Entirhweni yi andlala milawu ya nkoka, yo fana na: 

•• 

Muthori u na vutihlamuleri lebyikulu eka rihanyu na vuhlayiseki bya vatirhi naswona u fanele a teka 

magoza laya lavekaka ya vusirheleri 

•• 

Vatirhi hinkwavo va fanele ku khumbheka eka timhaka ta rihanyu na vuhlayiseki 

•• 

Vatirhi, va tlhela va boheleriwa ku seketela matshalatshala ya muthori yo tiyisisa mbango lowu 

hlayisekeke no hanya kahle 

•• 

Milawu ya Rihanyu na Vuhlayiseki Entirhweni yi boheleriwa hi Vukamberi bya Ndzawulo ya Vatirhi. 

2.1 I MANI A FANELEKE KU KHUMBHEKA EKA TIMHAKA TA RIHANYU NA VUHLAYISEKI 

ENTIRHWENI 

•• 

Rihanyu na Vuhlayiseki Entirhweni i tshalatshala ra xipanu 

•• 

Ri fanele ri hlamuseriwa hi vanhu hinkwavo ku nga muthori na vatirhi 

•• 

Ri lava nkucetelo exikarhi ka muthori, vatirhi na Mfumo. 

VAKAMBERI 

VA NDZAWULO 

MUTHORI/ 

VUFAMBISI 

ANGULANO WA 

MAHANYELO 

VATIRHI 


2.3 XANA NTIRHO WA MUTHORI HI WIHI 

Muthori un’wana na un’wana u ta nyika no hlayisa, tanihi laha swi lavekaka ha kona mbango wa ntirho lowu 

hlayisekeke wu tlhela wu pfumala tinghozi. 

Muthori u laveka ku: 

•• 

Nyika na ku hlayisa sisiteme ya ntirho leyi hlayisekeke 

•• 

Kombisa timhangu na ku pima tinghozi 

•• 

Teka magoza yo herisa kumbe ku hunguta timhangu hinkwato a nga se pfuniwa hi PPE 

•• 

Nyika mahungu, vuleteri na vulanguteri 

•• 

Nyika tindlela to karhi ku tirhisa magoza ya vuhlayiseki 

•• 

A nga pfumeleli vatirhi ku tirha va nga hlayisekanga 

•• 

Bohelela magoza ya rihanyu na vuhlayiseki entirhweni 

•• 

Tiyisisa leswaku munhu un’wana na un’wana emuakweni u landzelela Nawu 

•• 

Tiyisisa leswaku valanguteri va na vuleteri lebyi yelanaka na ntirho bya vuhlayiseki 

•• 

Tiyisisa valanguteri hi vulawuri . 

2.3.1 Xana ntirho wa mutirhi hi wihi 

Nawu wa Rihanyu na Vuhlayiseki Entirhweni wu andlala vutihlamuleri bya vatirhi entirweni. Mutirhi 

un’wana na un’wana u ta: 

•• 

Teka nhlayiso wo ringanela wa rihanyu ra vona na vuhlayiseki na swa van’wana lava nga khumbhiwaka hi 

mitirho ya vona na ku tsandzeka 

•• 

Tirhisana na muthori ku endlela leswaku a kota ku landzelela Nawu 

•• 

Hlayisa swileriso swihi na swihi swa nawu, na ku landzelela milawu ya rihanyu na vuhlayiseki 

•• 

Mangala xiyimo xihi na xihi lexi nga hlayisekangiku eka muthori kumbe eka muyimeri wa rihanyu na 

vuhlayiseki. 


2.3.2 Mahlelelo ya Risiki 

Mahlelelo ya risiki i maendlelo yo pimanyeta risiki eka vuhlayiseki na rihanyu ra vatirhi ku suka eka timhangu 

ta le ntirhweni. I nkambelo wa xisisiteme wa swiphemu hinkwaswo swa le ntirhweni. 

Figara ya 2 laha hansi yi yimela maendlelo ya mahlelelo ya risiki 

KOMBISA RISIKI 

Xana ku ta humelela yini 

Xana swi ta humelerisa ku yini 

Vuhlanganisi 

Na 

vutihlanganisi 

TLHANTLHA RISIKI 

Kumisisa Swilawuri leswi nga Kona 

Kumisisa leswi nga humelelaka 

Kumisisa Mbuyelo 

Simeka xiyenge xa Risiki 

PIMANYETA RISIKI 

Kambisisa 

no Pfuxeta hi 

vuntshwa 

E-E 

Xana risiki ya 

amukeleka 

INA 

TIRHANA NA RISIKI 

Kombisa tindlela to tirhana na risiki 

Pimanyeta tindlela to tirhana na risiki 

Lulamisa makungu yo tirhana na risiki 

Simeka makungu 


2.3.3 Xana hi wihi nhlangano exikarhi ka mahlelelo ya risiki, nkambisiso wa nsivela mavabyi 

wa le ntirhweni na Mbalango wa swa vutshunguri 

Nsivelo wo sungula 

Nsivelo wa vumbirhi 

Nkambisiso wa mahlelelo ya 

risiki na nsivela mavabyi ya 

le ntirhweni (mbalango wa 

huwa na nkambisiso 

wa moya) 

Nsivelo wa xiyimo xa le henhla 

Mbalango wa swa vutshunguri 

na mavekelo yo sungula, hi 

mikarhi na ku huma ( nkambelo 

wo twa, matirhelo ya mahahu na 

swikombandzeni swa xifuva) 

Mfembo 

Vutshunguri Mpfuxeto wa 

mutirhi 


2.3.4 Ku mangala timhaka na mavabyi ya le ntirhweni 

• Mavabyi hinkwawo ya le ntirhweni na timhaka leti mangalekaka swi fanele swi mangariwa eka 

Ndzawulo ya Vatirhi 

Munhu u vavisekile hikwalaho ka migingiriko ya mutirhisi/muthori 

IP off I.O.D. 

0-13 wa masiki 

A wu mangaleki 

IP off I.O.D. 

14 wa masiku kumbe ku tlula 

Mangaleka 

“Annexure’ ya 1/WCL2 

Rifu/Ku tsemiwa swirho/ 

voko/nenge 

Tivisa Ndzawulo hi 

“Xihatla” 

(Xiyenge xa 24) 

Muthori u fanele ku lavisisa, ku nga se hela nkombo wa masiku, na ku rhekhoda migingiriko 

yo lulamisa eka rijisitara ra timhaka (“Annexure ya 1) leswi hlayisiwaka (malembe 

manharhu) entirhweni naswona swi kona ku kumiwa hi vakamberi. (GAR 9) 

Ku hava xiviko lexi rhumeriweke 

eka Ndzawulo 

Muthori/mutirhisi a rhumela Annexure ya 

1 kumbe WCL2 eka Ndzawulo (GAR 8 : 7 wa 

masiku 

Vatirhi hinkwavo va swa vutshunguri va fanele va vika mavabyi ya le ntirhweni 

ku nga se hela 14 wa masiku ya fembiwile (Xiyenge xa 25). WCL1 ku va yi 

tirhisiwa hi muthori ku va a vika 

Swigwevo swi nga boheleriwa eka xiyimo xo ka ku nga landzeleriwi milawu 

3. TIRHEFERENSE 


1. International Labour Organisation (1998). Safety and health in forestry work. 

2. International Labour Organisation. ILO Encyclopaedia. 

3. Health and Safety Executive (1999). Managing health and safety in forestry. 

4. Departement van Arbeid (1993). Wet op Beroepsgesondheid en Veiligheid, 1993 

(Wet No. 85 van 1993).

Labour Head Office: 

Telephone Number(s): (012) 309 4000 Email Address: webmaster@labour.gov.za 

Provincial Offices: 

Eastern Cape Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (043) 701 3128 

Free State Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (051) 505 6200 

Gauteng Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (011) 853 0300 

KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (031) 366 2000 

Limpopo Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (015) 290 1744 

Mpumalanga Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (013) 655 8700 

North West Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (018) 387 8100 

Northern Cape Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (053) 838 1500 

Western Cape Provincial Office Telephone Number(s): (021) 441 8000 

Eastern Cape Labour Centres 

Aliwal North Tel:(051) 633 2633 

Butterworth Tel: (047) 491 0656 

Cradock Tel: (048) 881 3010 

East London Tel: (043) 702 7500 

Fort Beaufort Tel: (046) 645 4686 

Graaff-Reinet Tel: (049) 892 2142 

Grahamstown Tel: (046) 622 2104 

King William’s Town Tel: (043) 643 4756 

Lusikisiki Tel: (039) 253 1996 

Maclear Tel: (045) 932 1424 

Mdantsane Tel: (043) 761 3151 

Mount Ayliff Tel: (039) 254 0282 

Mthatha Tel: (047) 501 5620 

Port Elizabeth Tel: (041) 506 5000 

Queenstown Tel: (045) 807 5400 

Uitenhage Tel: (041) 992 4627 

Gauteng Labour Centres 

Alberton Tel: (011) 861 6130 

Atteridgeville Tel: (012) 373 4432 

Benoni Tel: (011) 747 9601 

Boksburg Tel: (011) 898 3340 

Brakpan Tel: (011) 744 9000 

Bronkhorstspruit Tel: (013) 932 0197 

Carletonville Tel: (018) 788 3281 

Garankuwa Tel: (012) 702 4525 

Germiston Tel: (011) 345 6300 

Johannesburg Tel: (011) 223 1000 

Kempton Park Tel: (011) 975 9301 

Krugersdorp Tel: (011) 955 4420 

Mamelodi Tel: (012) 812 9502 

Nigel Tel: (011) 814 7095 

Pretoria Tel: (012) 309 5063 

Randburg Tel: (011) 781 8144 

Randfontein Tel: (011) 693 3618 

Roodepoort Tel: (011) 766 2000 

Sandton Tel: (011) 444 7631 

Sebokeng Tel: (016) 592 3825 

Soshanguve Tel: (012) 799 6057 

Soweto Tel: (011) 983 8700 

Springs Tel: (011) 365 3700 

Temba Tel: (012) 727 1364 

Vanderbijlpark Tel: (016) 981 0280 

Vereeniging Tel: (016) 430 0000 

Mpumalanga Labour Centers 

Barberton Tel: (013) 712 3066 

Bethal Tel: (017) 647 2383 

Carolina Tel: (017) 843 1077 

Emalahleni (Witbank) Tel: (013) 653 3800 

Eerstehoek Tel: (017) 883 2414 

Ermelo Tel: (017) 819 7632 

Groblersdal Tel: (013) 262 3150 

Malelane Tel: (013) 790 1528 

KwaMhlanga Tel: (013) 947 3173 

Mashishing (Lydenburg) Tel: (013) 235 2368 

Mbombela (Nelspruit) Tel: (013) 753 2844 

Middelburg Tel: (013) 283 3600 

Piet Retief Tel: (017) 826 1883 

Sabie Tel: (013) 764 2105 

Secunda Tel: (017) 631 2585 

Standerton Tel: (017) 712 1351 



Northern Cape Labour Centres 

Calvinia Tel: (027) 341 1280 

De Aar Tel: (053) 631 0455 

Kimberley Tel: (053) 838 1500 

Kuruman Tel: (053) 712 3870 

Postmasburg Tel: (053) 313 0641 

Springbok Tel: (027) 718 1058 

Upington Tel: (054) 331 1098 

Free State Labour Centres 

Bethlehem Tel: (058) 303 5293 

Bloemfontein Tel: (051) 411 6400 

Botshabelo Tel: (051) 534 3789 

Ficksburg Tel: (051) 933 2299 

Harrismith Tel: (058) 623 2977 

Kroonstad Tel: (056) 215 1812 

Petrusburg Tel: (053) 574 0932 

Phuthaditjhaba Tel: (058) 713 0373 

Sasolburg Tel: (016) 970 3200 

Welkom Tel: (057) 391 0200 

Zastron Tel: (051) 673 1471 

Kwa-Zulu Natal Labour Centres 

Dundee Tel: (034) 212 3147 

Durban Tel: (031) 336 1500 

Estcourt Tel: (036) 342 9361 

Kokstad Tel: (039) 727 2140 

Ladysmith Tel: (036) 638 1900 

Newcastle Tel: (034) 312 6038 

Pietermaritzburg Tel: (033) 341 5300 

Pinetown Tel: (031) 701 7740 

Port Shepstone Tel: (039) 682 2406 

Prospecton Tel: (031) 913 9700 

Richards Bay Tel: (035) 780 8700 

Richmond Tel: (033) 212 2768 

Stanger Tel: (032) 551 4291 

Ulundi Tel: (035) 879 8800 

Verulam Tel: (032) 541 5600 

Vryheid Tel: (034) 980 8992 

Limpopo Labour Centres 

Giyani Tel: (015) 812 9041 

Jane Furse Tel: (013) 265 7210 

Lebowakgomo Tel: (015) 633 9360 

Lephalale Tel: (014) 763 2162 

Makhado Tel: (015) 516 0207 

Modimolle Tel: (014) 717 1046 

Mokopane Tel: (015) 491 5973 

Phalaborwa Tel: (015) 781 5114 

Polokwane Tel: (015) 299 5000 

Seshego Tel: (015) 223 7020 

Thohoyandou Tel: (015) 960 1300 

Tzaneen Tel: (015) 306 2600 

North West Labour Centres 

Brits Tel: (012) 252 3068 

Christiana Tel: (053) 441 2120 

Klerksdorp Tel: (018) 464 8700 

Lichtenburg Tel: (018) 632 4323 

Mafikeng Tel: (018) 381 1010 

Mogwase Tel: (014) 555 5693 

Potchefstroom Tel: (018) 297 5100 

Rustenburg Tel: (014) 592 8214 

Taung Tel: (053) 994 1679 

Vryburg Tel: (053) 927 5221 

Western Cape Labour Centres 

Beaufort West Tel: (023) 414 3427 

Bellville Tel: (021) 941 7000 

Cape Town Tel: (021) 468 5500 

George Tel: (044) 801 1200 

Knysna Tel: (044) 302 6800 

Mitchell’s Plain Tel: (021) 391 0591 

Mossel Bay Tel: (044) 691 1140 

Oudtshoorn Tel: (044) 203 6100 

Paarl Tel: (021) 872 2020 

Somerset West Tel: (021) 852 2535 

Vredenburg Tel: (022) 715 1627 

Worcester Tel: (023) 347 0152 

Xitsonga Layout and design by the Design Studio, Chief Directorate of Communication, Department of Labour, Website: www.labour.gov.za

Health and Safety in Forestry- Xitsonga - Department of Labour

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