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• Faulty connection of water (drinking water) was registered at two treatmentsystems.• No treatment systems have been operating without operational problems,though, the extent and character have varied from system to system.Typical problems have been clogging of components due to poor sludgeseparation. Leakages, flooding and failure of pumps and valves were observedduring the inspections.• Lack of or irregular frequency for exchange of UV-lamp was registered atseveral treatment systems. In the operating instructions the frequency forexchange was often stated to be once every year or once every secondyear.• Routine sludge removal (either via a bottom valve to the sewer system orby a sludge exhauster) was only performed at a few treatment systems.• Often the staff operating the treatment system was not skilled for suchwork. Besides, the operating instructions only contained scanty information.• A record book describing the operation of the treatment system (includingregistrations of water consumption) was only available at a few systems.• The frequency of the regular control and maintenance varied from onceor twice every week. At the largest treatment system, six months per yearwas used for operation and maintenance. However, it is assessed that adaily inspection of 2-5 min. will be necessary in order to secure stable operationof the system. Besides, cleaning of filters and reading of watermeters should take place approx. one or two times per month. The procedurefor emptying of sludge varies to such extent that a frequency foremptying cannot be recommended.• No treatment systems had a regular service contract with the companythat established the system. It is assessed that one or two annual service inspectionswill be required in order to secure stable operation of the treatmentsystem.• The routine control of the operation of the treatment systems did not includewater analyses.• The sampling and water analysis programme has only been applied atfour active demonstration systems and at two treatment systems, whichhad been closed down.Key Plant Data, Investment and OperationThe investment cost per person connected to the treatment system has beenestimated for the established pilot plants. Figure A illustrates the results of thiscomparison.14