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Thursday 30 , August 2018 

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/QmcNktf tyf cfO/gsf] sdL 

sf7df8f} F-h;_–ljz]ifu/L lszf]/Ldf 

dfq b]lvg] /QmcNktf tyf cfO/gsf] sdL 

lszf]/df klg e]l6Psf] 5 . z/L/nfO{ 

cfjZos kg{ ] ;'Id kf]ifs tTj cfO/gsf] 

sdLn] x'g] /f]unfO{ /QmcNktf eGg] ul/G5 . 

xl/of] ;fukft, u]8fu'8L, kmnkm"n cflbdf 

;'Id kf]ifstTj cfO/g tTj x'G5 . g]kfndf 

klxnf] k6s ul/Psf] Ps cWoogdf !)–!( 

jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf !! k|ltzt lszf]/df 

/QmcNktf, kfFr k|ltztdf cfO/gsf] sdL 

tyf Ps k|ltztdf cfO/gsf] sdLn] x'g] 

/QmcNktf b]lvPsf] 5 . 

g]kfndf xfn;Dd lszf]/df klg 

/QmcNktf x'G5 ls x' Fb}g eg]/ s'g} cWoog 

cg';Gwfg ePsf] lyPg . kl/jf/ :jf:Yo 

dxfzfvfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo afnsf]if 

-o'lg;]km_, cd]l/sL ;xof]u lgof]usf] cfly{s 

Pj+ k|fljlws ;xof]udf ;DkGg g]kfndf 

/fli6«o ;'Id kf]if0f tTj ;j{]If0fdf /QmcNktf 

hg:jf:Yosf] k|d'v ;d:ofsf] ?k lnFb} uPsf] 

b]vfPsf] 5 . tL lgsfox¿åf/f 

;+o'Qm?kdf a'waf/ oxfF cfof]lht sfo{qmddf 

;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] ;j{ ]If0fdf 5 b]lv %( 

dlxgfsf x/]s kfFrdWo] Ps afnaflnsf, !) 

b]lv !( jif{sf lszf]/L / !% b]lv $( jif{sf 

dlxnf /QmcNktfaf6 kLl8t /x]sf b]vfPsf] 

5 . lxdfn, kxf8, t/fO{sf &# lhNnfsf 

rf/ xhf/ #@) 3/w'/Lsf !@ xhf/ %!@ 

afnaflnsf, lszf]/lszf]/L tyf dlxnfdf b'O{ 

jif{ ;do nufP/ ;f] ;j{ ]If0f ;DkGg ePsf] 

lyof] . ;j{ ]If0fdf elgPsf] 5, æ/QmcNktfsf] 

k|sf]k ;a}eGbf a9L ue{jtL dlxnfdf 5 . 

of] ;ª\Vof @& k|ltzt 5 .Æ :jf:Yo 

tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfnosf] klxnf] k|fyldtf 

sfo{qmdcGtu{t ue{jtL dlxnfnfO{ cfO/g 

rSsL ljt/0f tyf afnaflnsfdf le6fldg … 

PÚ SofK;'n v'jfpg] sfo{qmd ;~rflnt 5 . 

ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gn] /QmcNktfnfO{ 

dft[d[To', lzz' d[To' Pj+ afNosfnLg af}l4s 

ljsf;df x'g] Ps k|d'v sf/ssf ?kdf 

lnPsf] 5 . ;j{ ]If0fn] /QmcNktfsf] k|sf]kb/ 

a9\b} hfFbf hg:jf:Yosf] k|d'v ;d:of 

b]lvPsf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;j{]If0fn] 5b]lv %( 

dlxgfsf !)) afnaflnsfdWo] @! hgfdf 

lhGssf] sdL;d]t b]vfPsf] 5 . o;sf] 

sdLn] afnaflnsfdf k'8\sf]kg tyf 

/f]ul;t n8\g] zlQmdf x|f; u/fO{ /f]usf] b/ 

a9fp5 . ;j{]If0fdf k|hgg pd]/ ;d"xsf 

Ps rf}yfO dlxnfdf ;d]t lhGssf] sdL 

/x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . ;j{]If0fdf 5b]lv 

%( dlxgfsf @) k|ltzt afnaflnsf tyf 

!% b]lv $( pd]/ $) k|ltzt dlxnfdf 

cy{tGq=== 

;an cy{tGqsf /fd|f kIfnfO{ cf]em]ndf kfl/g' x'Fb}g, o;n] lghL 

If]qdf lg/f;f pTkGg x'G5 .Æ cy{dGqL 8f vltj8fn] ah]6 cg'zf;gdf 

cfPsf] / s]xL cfnf]rgf v]Kg'k/] klg d'n'ss} lxtdf /x]sf] :ki6 

kf/] . ;+/rgfut sdhf]/Ln] Jofkf/ 3f6fsf r'gf}tL a9]sf] pNn]v 

ub}{ pgn] lgof{td'vL cy{tGqsf] ljsf;df cl3 a9\g'k5{ eg] . 

lghL If]qsf] nufgLd}qL jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ k|lta4 /x]sfn] 

;/sf/n] lnPsf] cfly{s j[l4sf] nIonfO{ ;fy{s t'Nofpg lghL 

If]qaf6 b'O{ ltxfO nufgL / k|z:t /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g'kg]{df pgsf] 

hf]8 lyof] . cy{dGqL 8f vltj8fn] ljQLo ;ª\3Lotf sfof{Gjogsf 

nflu wdfwd sfg"g lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] klg hfgsf/L lbP . g]kfn 

pBf]u kl/;ª\3sf cWoIf xl/eQm zdf{n] pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; tyf 

nufgL k|j4{gsf nflu ;/sf/n] cfjZos jftfj/0f agfpg'kg]{df 

hf]8 lbP . ;]hgsf ;+:yfks cWoIf k|tLs k|wfgn] cy{tGqsf 

gsf/fTdseGbf ;sf/fTds kIfnfO{ ;~rf/dfWodn] k|fyldstf 

lbg'kg]{ atfP . 

lx+;f=== 

u[xdGqL yfkfn] dlxnf lx+;f /f]Sg ;/sf/ s8f?kdf k|:t't 

x'g] atfP . dlxnf lx+;f a9]sf] eGb} cGt/kf6L{ dlxnf ;~hfnsf 

cWoIf lgnd adf{sf] g]t[Tjdf a'waf/ u[x dGqfno cfPsf] 6f]nLnfO{ 

u[xdGqLn] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gfnfO{ uDeL/tfk"js{ lnP/ tTsfn 

sf/jfxL ug{ cfkm"n] k|x/LnfO{ lgb]{zg lbO;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . 

u[xdGqL afbnn] dlxnf lx+;fsf bf]ifLnfO{ s'g} xfntdf 

pGd'lQm glbOg] :ki6 kfb}{ o:tf 36gfdf hf];'s}sf] sdhf]/L 

b]lvP klg sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf NofOg] :ki6 kf/] . o:tf 36gfdf 

clwsf+z bf]ifLnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L sf/jfxL k|lqmof;d]t cufl8 

a9fO;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbFb} pgn] dlxnf lx+;flj?4 dGqfnon] z'? 

u/]sf] cleofgdf xft]dfnf] u/]/ cl3 a9\g ;~hfnnfO{ cfu|x u/] . 

pgn] eg], ……clgolGqt dlb/fsf] laqmLljt/0f / nfu'kbfy{sf] ;]jg 

tyf cGo sf/0fn] dlxnf lx+;fsf 36gf a9]sf 5g\ . To;}n] klxnf 

tL sf/0fsf] Go"gLs/0f ug{ h?/L b]lvPsf] 5 .ÚÚ 

e]6df u[xdGqL afbnn] eg], ……klxn] anfTsf/h:tf h3Go 

ck/fwsf 36gf uf]Ko /flvGYof], ldl8ofdf klg a9L cfpFb}GYof] . 

t/ clxn] ldl8ofdf a9L cfpg yfn]sf]n] 36gf a9]sf] x'g\ ls eGg] 

h:tf] b]lvPsf] xf] .ÚÚ pgn] s~rgk'/df aflnsfsf] xTofsf] ljifodf 

;d]t u[xn] 5fglag ;ldltdfkm{t 5fglag cl3 a9fO;s]sf]n] 

s]xL lbgd} ;TotYo cfpg] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . dlxnf lx+;flj?4 

cfjZostfcg';f/ yk s7f]/ sfg"g agfpg ;lsg] eGb} u[xdGqL 

afbnn] ;+;b\df dlxnf ;f+;baf6 cfPsf] ;ª\sNk k|:tfjn] klg 

To;nfO{ ;xof]u k'Ug] wf/0ff u/] . ;~hfnsf] 6f]nLn] kl5Nnf lbgdf 

b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ePsf dlxnfsf] anfTsf/, xTofnufotsf 

36gfn] :tAw agfPsf] eGb} 36gfsf bf]ifLnfO{ tTsfn sf/jfxLsf] 

bfo/df Nofpg u[xdGqLsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . 

DofGdfsf=== 

hfkfgsf k|f s]~hf] 6fFu]n] ;g\ !(&* df agfPsf] u'?of]hgfg';f/ 

n'lDagL If]qsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu /fi6« ;ª\3 / /fi6«;ª\3Lo ljsf; 

sfo{qmdn] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] klg pNn]v u/] . 

dGqL clwsf/Ln] ;g\ !((& b]lv o'g]:sf]n] ljZj ;Dkbf 

;"rLdf ;"rLs[t u/]sf] n'lDagLdf DofGdfsf] af}4 ljxf/ /x]sf] 

;d]t pNn]v ub{} ut cfly{s jif{df DofGdfaf6 b'O{ xhf/ %)) 

a'4wdf{nDaLn] n'lDagLsf] e|d0f u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP . dfofb]jL 

dlGb/sf] sfo{qmdnuQ} /fi6«klt ldGtn] n'lDagLdf /x]sf] DofGdfsf] 

snfTds af}4 ljxf/sf] cjnf]sg ugf{sf ;fy} k|fy{gfdf ;xefuL 

x'g'ePsf] lyof] . laD:6]ssf] lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf efu lng dª\unaf/ 

g]kfn cfpg'ePsf /fi6«klt ldGt a'waf/ laxfg a'4 Po/sf] 

ljz]if ljdfgaf6 uf}tda'4 ljdfg:yn e}/xjf xF'b} g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 

x]lnsK6/af6 n'lDagL cfPsf x'g\ . laxfg s/La !! ah] cfOk'u]sf 

x'g\ . ldGtn] n'lDagLdf s/La rf/ 306f latfPsf lyP . 

ljD:6]ssf]=== 

;du| laD:6]s e]usf] cfly{s pGgogdf s]lGb|t ug{'kg]{df 

dt}Sotf k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . /]n, ;8s, xjfO{dfu{ / clK6sn kmfOa/sf 

dfWodaf6 ;b:o d'n'saLr ;Dks{ / ;DaGw lj:tf/, Jofkf/, 

ko{6g, pmhf{ / s[lifh:tf cfly{s ljsf;sf d'Vo If]qdf ;Ë7gsf] 

;xfotf a9fpg' ckl/xfo{ ePsf] :jLsf/ ub}{ a}7sn] ljsf;sf 

cyfx ;Defjgfo'Qm laD:6]s If]qnfO{ zfGt, ;d[4 / lbuf] ljsf;tkm{ 

pGd'v u/fpg ;fd"lxs k|of; ug]{ b[9tf klg JoQm u/]sf] 5 . 

;Ë7gsf ultljlwnfO{ k"0f{?kdf sfof{Gjo ug{ a}7sn] ;zQm 

sbd rfNg ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 . laD:6]ssf] cEof;cg';f/ g]kfnsf 

k//fi6«dGqLn] laD:6]s dlGq:t/Lo a}7ssf] cWoIftf >LnÍfsf ljb]z 

/fHodGqLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/] . >LnÍfn] cWoIftf u|x0f u/]sfdf 

;b:o d'n'ssf ljb]zdGqLn] cfef/ k|s6 u/] . a}7sdf ;Ë7gsf 

;xof]usf !$ If]qdf xfn;Dd ePsf k|ultsf] ;dLIff x'gfsf ;fy} 

laD:6]scGtu{t s]Gb| / ;+oGq rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] :yfkgf ug{'kg]{df 

hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof] . ;qf}F dlGq:t/Lo a}7s >LnÍfdf cfof]hgf ul/g] 

/ To;sf] ldlt s"6gLlts dfWodaf6 kl5 lgwf{/0f ul/g] ePsf] 

5 . a}7sn] dxf;lrj zflxb'n O:nfdn] k|:t't u/]sf] k|ltj]bg 

cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . laD:6]ssf ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf ltgsf 

k|ultsf ljj/0f k|:t't ub}{ s]xL :yfoL ;+/rgfsf sfg"gL ?k/]vf 

tof/ ePsf, kl/of]hgfdf cfwfl/t ;xfotf k|j4{g ug{'kg]{ 1fg 

/ k|ljlw cfbfgk|bfg Pj+ Ifdtf lj:tf/df ;xhLs/0f tyf ;b:o 

d'n'saLr ljleGg txdf ;Dks{ / ;DaGw lj:tf/df pgn] k]z u/]sf 

k|ltj]bgdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . 

dxf;lrjsf] k|ltj]bgdf laD:6]ssf] :yfoL ;lrjnfo 

x]lnsf]AofS6/-Pr_ kfOnf]/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f, !$ 

k|ltzt lszf]/ / !^ k|ltzt lszf]/Ldf Pr 

kfOnf]/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f kfOPsf] 5 . dlxnf 

/ afnaflnsfdf Pr kfOnf]/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0f 

lb;fdf tyf lszf]/ lszf]/Ldf /ut hfFr 

ul/Psf] lyof] . lrlsT;ssf cg';f/ Pr 

kfOnf]/Lsf] ;ª\qmd0fn] z'?df k]6 b'Vg], 

jfs\jfsL nfUg] x'G5 . z'?df k/LIf0f gePdf 

o;af6 cN;/ tyf cfdfzosf] SofG;/ x'g] 

;Defjgf;d]t x'g;S5 . ;j{]If0fdf ljz]if 

u/L kfFr jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsf / o;df 

klg t/fO{÷dw]zdf a9L /QmcNktfsf] k|sf]k 

b/ a9L /x]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfdf 

x'g] cGwf]kgsf] k|d'v sf/stTjsf ?kdf 

le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdLnfO{ lnOG5 . 

df]l8kmfO8 l/n]l6e 8f]h /]:kf]G;sf 

cfwf/df ul/Psf] ;j{]If0fdf 5b]lv %( 

dlxgfsf rf/ k|ltzt afnaflnsf tyf 

!% b]lv $( jif{ sf tLg k|ltzt dlxnfdf 

le6fldg …PÚ sf] sdL b]vfPsf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L 

t/fO{ If]qdf o;sf] sdL a9L ePsf] 

kfOPsf] 5 . :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof 

/fHodGqL 8f ;'/]Gb|s'df/ ofbjn] ;j{]If0f 

;fj{hlgs ub{} cfufdL gLlt lgdf{0f to 

ug{ ;j{]If0faf6 lg:s]sf glthfn] ;xof]u 

k'Ug] ljZjf; JoQm u/] . 

aËnfb]zdf :yfkgf ug]{, laD:6]s ;f+:s[lts a]wzfnf e"6fgdf 

:yfkgf ug]{, laD:6]s df};d tyf hnjfo' s]Gb| ef/tdf :yfkgf 

ug]{ ;+:yfut k|ult k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . laD:6]s pmhf{ s]Gb| ef/tdf 

tyf laD:6]s k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f s]Gb| >LnÍfdf ;~rfngsf] k|of; 

eO/x]sf] hfgsf/L a}7sdf pgn] lbPsf] k//fi6« dGqfnosf k|jQmf 

e/t/fh kf}8\ofnn] atfpg'eof] . laD:6]s :jtGq Jofkf/;DaGwdf 

;Demf}tf ug{ Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf ;ldltn] @) k6s;Dd u/]sf 5nkmn 

Pjd\ jftf{af/] klg dxf;lrjn] hfgsf/L lbg'ePsf] pgn] atfP . 

laD:6]s dn'saLr :jtGq Jofkf/ ug{ ;g\ @))$ df Ps ;Demf}tf 

ePsf] lyof] . 

a}7sdf dxf;lrj O:nfdn] ;b:o d'n'saLr eG;f/;DaGwL 

kf/:kl/s ;xfotf clej[l4 ug]{;DaGwL ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] k|ult tyf 

…laD:6]s df]6/ e]Osn Plu|d]G6,Ú laD:6]s t6Lo If]qdf kfgLhxfh 

;~rfng;DaGwL ;Demf}tf tyf Jofkf/ ;xhLs/0f;DaGwL ;Demf}tf 

d:of}bfsf] ljifoj:t'df ePsf k|ult k|:t't u/] . k|:tfljt tL ;Demf}tf 

;b:o b]zaLr k/fdz{s} r/0fdf /x]sf k|jQmf kf}8\ofnn] atfP . 

dxf;lrjn] a}7sdf laD:6]s oftfoft, ;Dks{;DaGwL u'?of]hgf 

cfufdL ;]K6]Da/sf] cGTo;Dddf k"/f ug]{ nIosf ;fy sfd eO/x]sf] 

hfgsf/L lbP . a}7sn] ut jif{ sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] !%cf}F dlGq:t/Lo 

a}7ssf] ;dLIff tyf To;n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;xfotfsf k|fyldstf 

If]qsf af/]df uxg 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . a}7sn] lzv/ a}7ssf] 

3f]if0ffkqsf d:of}bfsf ljifoj:t' cg'df]bg ug{'sf ;fy} laD:6]ssf] 

;xfotfsf ;a} If]qsf] ;dLIff u/]sf] lyof] . 

If]qLo ;xof]usf] k|lqmofnfO{ yk ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] lg0f{o ub}{ 

a}7sn] ;Ë7gnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffd'vL t'Nofpg] k|lta4tf 

JoQm u/]sf] 5 . a}7sn] :jtGq Jofkf/;DaGwL ;Demf}tf rfF8f] ;DkGg 

ug{'kg]{df hf]8 lbFb} oftfoft, ;Dks{ lj:tf/;DaGwL u'?of]hgf 

ag]sfdf ;Gtf]if hgfPsf] 5 . ljB't\ k|;f/0f;DaGwL ;dembf/L kqdf 

x:tfIf/ ug]{ / cftÍjfbnfO{ k/f:t ub}{ cGo cGt/fl{\i6«o ck/fwlj?4 

d'sfljnf ug]{ k|0f u/]sf] 5 . laD:6]s d'n'ssf jl/i7 kbflwsf/Lsf] 

!(cf}F a}7sn] pmhf{sf] If]qdf kf/:kl/s ;xfotf clej[l4 ug{ … 

laD:6]s lu|8 OG6/sg]S;gÚ :yfkgf;DaGwL ;dembf/Lkq cg'df]bg 

u/]sf] 5 . pGgfO;f}F pQm a}7s / ut ;fpg @^ ut] ;DkGg jl/i7 

clwsf/Lx?sf] k|ltj]bg a'waf/sf] a}7sn] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . tL 

b'j} k|ltj]bg k//fi6« ;lrj z+s/bf; j}/fuLn] k|:t't u/]sf lyP . 

a}7ssf] cWoIftf u/]sf k//fi6«dGqL k|bLks'df/ 1jfnLn] 

;xof]usf If]q ts{k"0f{ x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}FNofpFb} /]n, ;8s 

/ xjfOdfu{ tyf kmfOa/ clK6snaf6 ;b:o d'n'snfO{ hf]8\g] 

Jofkf/, ko{6g, pmhf{ tyf s[lifsf If]qdf ;Ë7gnfO{ s]lGb|t ug{'kg]{ 

atfP . pgn] ul/aL, ef]sd/L, k5f}6]kg, c;dfgtf, k|fs[lts ljklQ, 

jftfj/0fLo b"/bzf, cftÍjfb, ;Ël7t ck/fw, dfgj t:s/L / 

nfu'cf}ifwsf] u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/lj?4 laD:6]s d'n'sn] uDeL/ 

r'gf}tL em]Ng'k/]sf] atfpFb} To;lj?4 uDeL/ 9Ën] cfTdljZn]if0f 

ub}{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{5 eg] . ;Dks{ lj:tf/, Jofkf/, ko{6g, pmhf{ / 

s[lifh:tf cfly{s pGgogsf d'Vo If]qdf ;Ë7gsf ;xfotfsf If]q 

s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ cledt dGqL 1jfnLn] k|s6 u/] . ljsf;sf cyfx 

;Defjgf ePsf] laD:6]s If]qnfO{ zfGt, ;d[4 / lbuf] ljsf;tkm{ 

pGd'v u/fpg ;fd"lxs k|of; x'g'kg]{ pgn] atfP . 

;Dd]ngdf nflu ef/tsf k|wfgdGqL g/]Gb| df]bL, aËnfb]zsf 

k|wfgdGqL z]v xl;gf jfh]b / yfONofG8sf k|wfgdGqL kf?t 

5fgf]5f laxLaf/ ljxfg * b]lv !) ah];Ddsf] ;dodf sf7df8f}+ 

pqb}5g\ . of] ;dodf ljdfg:ynsf] ;Dk"0f{ p8fg ;]jf aGb x'g] 

5g\ . eLeLcfO{kLx?sf] cfudg;Fu} ljdfg:yndf x'g] Po/ 6«flkms 

hfd 36fpg cGt/fl{\i6«o p8fg ;]jfnfO{ @$ cf}F 306f v'nf /flvg] 

atfOPsf] 5 . To:t}+, lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;dfkgkl5 eLeLcfO{kL lkmtf{ 

x'g] qmddf klg s]xL ;do xjfO{ ;]jf cj?4 x'g]5 . 

g]kfn–e"6fg e]6jftf{ 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL / e"6fgsf] cGtl/d ;/sf/sf 

k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Pj+ k|wfg GofofwLz NofGkf] l5l/ª jfªr'saLr 

a'waf/ låkIfLo e]6jftf{ eof] . ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s 

;xof]usf nflu aª\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] rf}yf] lzv/ 

;Dd]ngsf qmddf pgx?aLr låkIfLo jftf{ ePsf] xf] . 

laD:6]s lzv/ a}7sdf efu lng] l;nl;nfdf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ 

jfªr's a'waf/ laxfg sf7df8f}F cfOk'u]sf x'g\ . To; cj;/df 

pgx?aLr g]kfn–e"6fg ;DaGwsf ;fy} kf/:kl/s lxt / rf;f]sf 

ljljw ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] k//fi6« dGqfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . 

cf]nL=== 

lj:tf/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf b'O{ b]zaLr rf/ a'Fb] ;xdlt ePsf] 

lyof] . /S;f}naf6 sf7df8f}+ hf]8\g] of] /]ndfu{sf] cfufdL Ps jif{ 

leq} g]kfn ;/sf/;Fusf] k/fdz{df ;j]{If0f ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . 

o:t} lj:t[t kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df lgdf{0fsf] …df]8fln6LÚ 

lgdf{0f ug]{ ;xdlt b'j} kIfaLr ePsf] lyof] . To;sf] sfof{Gjog 

tyf ah]6 lgwf{/0f g]kfn kIf;Fu 5nkmnkl5 x'g] elgPsf] lyof] . 

ef/t ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf ;'? ePsf] hogu/–hgsk'/–s'yf{ 

/]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0fdf l9nfO{ ePsf] 5. t/ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?n] 

of] /]ndfu{sf] lgdf{0f of] jifl{\eq} ;DkGg x'g] bfjL u/]sf 5g\ . 

k//fi6«dGqL 1jfnLsf cg';f/ pQm e]6jftf{sf qmddf k|wfgdGqL 

cf]nL / ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] l;d]G6sf nflu k|of]u x'g] sRrf 

kbfy{, dn nufot ;fdgf g]kfn Nofpg …ANs sfuf]{Ú ;DaGwL 

;dembf/L kqdf ;o'+Qm?kdf x:tfIf/ ug]{ 5g\ . o:t} b'j} b]zsf 

k|wfgdGqLn] kz'kltIf]qdf ef/t4f/f lgld{t wd{zfnfsf] klg 

;+o'Qm?kdf pb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{qmd to ePsf] 5 . 

;8s=== 

5]psf] gfnL tyf k}bn dfu{sf] dWoefudf gofF kf]n ufl8Psf] 

e]l6Psf] 5 . To:t} lgdf{0f ;fdu|L oqtq 5l/P/ /flvPsf] cj:yfdf 

/fli6«o;ef ;ldltsf ;efklt lglj{/f]w 

sf7df8f}F-h;_–/fli6«o;ef 

dftxtsf rf/dWo] tLg ljifout 

;ldltsf ;efkltsf] lglj{/f]w rog 

ePsf] 5 . ljifout ;ldltdf a'waf/ 

a;]sf] a}7sdf ;efkltx¿sf] 

lglj{/f]w rog ePsf] xf] . ;f]cg';f/ 

;efkltdf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/ tyf 

;dGjo ;ldltdf lbns'df/L yfkf, 

ljwfog Joj:yfkg ;ldltdf 

k/z'{/fd d]3L u'?ª / k|Tofof]lht 

Joj:yfkg tyf ;/sf/L cfZjf;g 

;ldltdf ;efkltdf 

/fdgf/fo0f la+8f/L lglj{/f]w lgjf{lrt 

ePsf x'g\ . 

lbuf] ljsf; tyf ;'zf;g 

;ldltsf] ;efkltdf eg] s;}sf] 

pDd]bjf/L gk/]sf sf/0f pQm 

;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] lgjf{rg 

bnLo ;xdltsf cfwf/df 

s]xL ;dokl5 x'g] /fli6«o;ef 

;lrjfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . 

gjlgjf{lrt ;efkltaf6 zky 

/fli6«o;efsf cWoIf 

u0f]zk|;fb ltldlN;gf ;dIf 

/fli6«o;ef dftxtsf tLg ljifout 

;ldltsf gjlgjf{lrt ;efkltn] kb 

tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lnPsf 5g\ . 

zky lng]df ljwfog Joj:yfkg 

;ldltsf ;efklt k/z'/fd d]3L 

u'?ª, /fli6«o ;/f]sf/ tyf ;dGjo 

;ldltsf ;efklt lbns'df/L 

yfkf / k|Tofof]lht Joj:yfkg 

tyf ;/sf/L cfZjf;g ;ldltsf 

;efklt /fdgf/fo0f la+8f/L 5g\ . 

;efkltqosf] k|lta4tf 

lgjf{rgkl5 k|Tofof]lht 

Joj:yfkg tyf ;/sf/L cfZjf;g 

;ldltsf ;efklt la+8f/Ln] 

;ldltn] d'n'se/sf P]g, sfg"g, 

lgod, lgodfjnLsf] cWoog ug{ 

/ lj1sf] k/fdz{df sfof{Gjog 

ug{] / clen]v /fVg] sfo{ cl3 

a9fOg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/] ] . pgn] 

eg], æ;ldltaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o 

sfof{Gjog ug{] ;Gbe{df ;DalGwt 

kIf;Fu k/fdz{ ug{], /fo lng] clg 

dfq lgb{ ]zg lbOg] 5 . lj;+ @)!^ 

j}zfvdf dsjfgk'/df hGd]sf 

;efklt la+8f/L;Fu ;+ljwfg;efsf] 

d:of}bf sfo{bnsf] ;b:o ag]/ 

kfOPsf] lyof] . 

snª\sL–gfu9'+uf ;8sv08df t'ngfTds ?kdf ;'wf/sf] sfd 

eO/x]sf] e]l6Psf] 5 . dxfzlQm k]6«f]nkDk glhssf] ;8sv08sf] 

kf]n / tf/ x6fO{ 9nfgsf] sfo{ eO/x]sf] pgn] atfP . lqe'jg 

kfs{ yfgsf]6b]lv a~hnf ;Knfo;{;Dd b'j}tkm{sf] af6f], kf]n / 

tf/sf] Joj:yfkg eO;s]sf] 5 . xfOlehgaf6 dfpG6 ;u/dfyf 

la|lnoG6 Ps]8]dL;Dd tf/, kf]n x6fO{ ;8s sfnf]kq] ul/;lsPsf] 

5 . anDa' :of6]nfO6 :6]zgb]lv tn ;8sdf u|]8/ nufP/ 

;DofOPsf], ;fj{hlgs ejgsf] cufl8sf] efu vfnL u/fO{ ;8s 

dd{tsf] sfd yflnPsf] 5 . ;t'ª\unaf6 jN8{lnª\ssf] ejg;Ddsf] 

;8s sfnf]kq]sf nflu cfwf/ tof/ ePsf], rf}w/L u|'k sDkgL 

cufl8 PstkmL{ sfnf]kq] ePsf] / ;t'ª\un l;k|bL cf]/fnf]b]lv 

aNv' k'n;Ddsf] ;8ssf] kf]n tyf tf/ x6fO ;8s lgdf{0f ;DkGg 

eO;s]sf] k|jQmf s'Fj/n] atfP . 

snª\sL gfu9'ª\uf ;8s v08sf] s]xL If]qdf ;8s cltqmd0f 

u/L agfOPsf] 3/, 6x/f x6fpg / ;8s lj:tf/sf] ;Ldfª\sgsf] 

6'ª\uf] gnfUbf ;8s lj:tf/sf] sfd afFsL 5 . dxfzlQm k]6«f]n 

kDkb]lv d+unf]bo dfWoflds ljBfno yfgsf]6;Ddsf] ;8sdf kf]n 

;fg{ / ;8s cltqmd0f u/L agfOPsf] 3/ x6fpg klg afFsL 5 . 

lqe'jg kfs{ yfgsf]6sf] cf]/fnf]df a9L vfN8fv'N8L ePsf] kfOPsf] 

5 . pQm If]qdf ;8s 5]psf kvf{nsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 

5 . t/ lah'nLsf] kf]n gx6fpFbf ;8s lj:tf/ ug{ ;lsPsf] 

5}g . xfOlehg–dfpG6 ;u/dfyf la|lnoG6 Ps]8]dLb]lv b"/;+rf/ 

k|flws/0fsf] sDkfp08;Dd, cfbz{ gu/ 6f]nb]lv g}sfk tLgyfgf 

km]ldnL df6{;Dd / ;t'ª\un d'Vo ahf/df tf/, kf]n x6fpg] sfd 

afFsL /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nLn] ut ;fpg !^ ut] snª\sL 

–gfu9'+uf ;8s / rfalxn–hf]/kf6L ;8s sfnf]kq] / sl/8f]/sf 

;8ssf] lgdf{0f Pj+ dd{t;Def/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ oxL ebf} !% 

ut]leq ;DkGg ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . pkTosfsf] k|d'v 

;8ssf vfN8fv'N8L tTsfn k'/L d'Vo ;8sdf ;8s aQLsf] 

Joj:yf ug{;d]t pgn] lgb]{zg lbg'ePsf] lyof] . ;8s lj:tf/ 

cfof]hgf afg]Zj/sf OlGhgLo/ ljZjljhonfn >]i7n] rfalxn– 

hf]/kf6L ;8s v08sf] ;8sdf /x]sf] vfN8fv'N8L k'g]{ sfo{ ;DkGg 

ePsf] atfP . pgn] eg], æxfdLn] rfalxn hf]/kf6L ;8sdf /x]sf 

vfN8fv'N8L k'l/;s]sf 5f}F, nuftf/sf] aiff{sf] sf/0f ;8s sfnf]kq] 

ug]{ sfd x'g ;s]sf] 5}g\, rfn' cfjsf] cGTo;Dd ;a} ;8s sfnf]kq] 

ul/;S5f}F .Æ 

hlt;Sbf] ;8s lj:tf/ / dd{t ;DkGg ug{ 7]s]bf/ sDkgLnfO{ 

k6sk6s tfs]tf ul/Psf] OlGhgLo/ >]i7n] atfP . rfalxn–;fFv' / 

lqk'/]Zj/–gfu9'+uf ;8ssf] lj:tf/ / dd{tsf] sfd ljleGg gf} j6f 

7]s]bf/ sDkgLn] ub}{ cfPsf 5g\ . rfalxn–;fFv' / lqk'/]Zj/–gfu9'+uf 

;8ssf] s"n nDafO{ !@=% lsnf]ld6/ 5 . ;ª\3Lo /fhwfgL leq\g] 

k|d'v gfsfsf ?kdf /x]sf] gfu9'+uf–lqk'/]Zj/ ;8ssf] cj:yf hL0f{ 

x'Fbf b}lgs xhf/f}F ofq'n] si6s/ ofqf ul//xg' k/]sf] 5 . ;8sdf 

7"N7"nf vfN8fv'N8L x'Fbf 3G6f}F;Dd ;jf/L hfd x'g] u5{ . ;8s 

cf;kf;sf afl;Gbf 3fd nfUbf w'nf] vfg / kfgL kbf{ lxnf] Joxf]g{ 

afWo 5g\ . 

aL;=== 

hfkfg;Fu @& cª\sn] kl5 kb}{ /ht kbs lht]sf] xf] . g]kfnn] 

s"n !! xhf/ #^$ cª\s Nofpg ;kmn eof] eg] klxnf] ePsf] 

hfkfgn] !! xhf/ #(! cª\s k|fKt u/]sf] xf] . 

hf/L k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn kbs lhTg] #&cf}F d'n's;d]t ePsf] 

5 . o;cl3 hf/L k|ltof]lutfdf #^ d'n'sn] kbs lhlt;s]sf 5g\ . 

Plzof8sf] !*cf}F ;+:s/0f;Dd cfPk'Ubf g]kfnn] s"n b'O{ /ht / 

@@ sf+:o kbs lht]sf] 5 . ækbs lht]sfdf w]/} v'zL nfu]sf] 5Æ, 

g]kfn Kof/fUnfOl8ª ;ª\3sf dxf;lrj z}n]Gb| /fptn] eg], æklxnf] 

k|of;d} xfdL kbs lhTg ;kmn eof}F .Æ g]kfnL 6f]nLsf k|lzIfs 

tyf Joj:yfks of]u]z e§/fO{n] eg], æ!*cf}F Plzof8df g]kfnsf] 

kbssf] v8]/L tf]8\g ;kmn ePsf 5f}F . of] g]kfnLsf nflu uf}/jsf] 

s'/f xf] .Æ PlzofnL v]ns"bdf kbs lhTg] Kof/fUnfOªl8ª gofF 

v]n;d]t ePsf] xf] . of];Fu g]kfnn] PlzofnL v]ns"bdf b'O{ 

/ht;lxt @$cf}F kbs lht]sf] 5 . kbssf] cfzf ul/Psf] 

t]SjfGbf], s/ft], alS;ªh:tf v]ndf sdhf]/ ag]sf] g]kfnsf nflu 

Kof/fUnfOl8ªn] PlzofnL v]ns"b Oltxf;d} g]kfnsf] bf];|f] /ht 

kbs lhTb} lg/fz x'gaf6 hf]ufPsf] xf] . 

lrlgofF=== 

clwsf/Ln] klZrd ;]tLaf6 s]xL kf7 l;s]sf] atfPsf 5g\ . 

cfof]hgfdf Ps va{ %) ca{ ?k}ofF nufgL x'g] cg'dfg lyof] . 

&%) d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] klZrd ;]tL cfof]hgf @) jif{cufl8 g} 

lgdf{0fsf nflu c:6«]lnog sDkgLnfO{ lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof] . t/, 

ci6«]lnog sDkgL :d]sn] nufgL h'6fpg g;s]kl5 lj=;+= @)^* 

;fndf ;/sf/n] o;sf] Ohfht /2 u/]sf] lyof] . 

afh]sf]=== 

cbfntdf l/6 bfo/ u/]sf lyP . ;/sf/n] zÍfsf] e/df 

afh]sf] ;]s'jf zfvfdf tfnfaGbL x'Fbf ;f] lg0f{o vf/]h ug{ cfb]zdf 

dfu ul/Psf] lyof] . cfb]zdf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgd} k]zf tyf Joj;fo 

ug{ kfpg] df}lns xssf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;/sf/n] df}lns 

xslj?4 /f]s nufpg gldNg] b]lvPsf] / afh]sf] ;]s'jf l;naGbL 

ug]{ lg0f{osf cfwf/ / sf/0f;d]t gb]lvPsf] pNn]v 5 . ;/sf/n] 

;'g t:s/ u/]sf] k};f nufgL u/]/ afh]sf] ;]s'jf ;~rfng u/]sf] 

zÍfdf l;naGbL ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . afh]sf] ;]s'jfdf e08f/Ln] 

r"F8fdl0f pk|]tL …uf]/]Ú;Fu ldn]/ ;'g t:s/ u/]/ nufgL u/]sf] cf/f]k 

nfu]sf] lyof] . 

sfd u/]sf] cg'ej 5 . 

fxf bz{g cleofgsf cg'ofoL jl/i7 

clwjQmf;d]t /x]sf ;efklt la+8f/L 

xfn g]skf;Fu cfj4 5g\ . ljwfog 

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;efklt u'?ªn] 

;ldltdf cfPsf ljw]ossf] ljifodf 

cWoog ug{], g]kfndf xfn;Dd slt 

P]g ag]sf 5g\ ;ª\Vof klxrfg 

u/L sfof{Gogsf] dfkg ug{ ] / gofF 

P]gsf]af/] ;ª\uf] ;bgnfO{ ;xefuL 

u/]/ cg';GwfgnfO{ cl3 a9fpg] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

;g\ @)!$ df ;ª\v'jf;efdf 

hGd]sf ;efklt d]3L u'?ªn] 

@)## ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] 

;b:otf lnPsf lyP . @)$* 

/ @)%^ ;fndf k|ltlglw;efsf] 

;b:o ePsf ;efklt u'?ª;+u 

g]skf Pdfn]sf] kf]ln6Ao"/f] 

;b:o tyf pQm kf6L{sf tkm{af6 

@)%^ ;fndf ;+;bLo bnsf] 

;r]tssf] lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf] 

cg'ej 5 . /fli6«o ;/f]sf/ tyf 

;dGjo ;ldltsf ;efklt yfkfn] 

hgtfsf] lxt Pj+ d'n'ssf] ljsf; 

l r t j g - h ; _ – g ] k f n 

sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ sf cWoIf 

k'iksdn bfxfn …k|r08Ún] 

sd{rf/LtGqdf /x]sf] lglxt 

p2]Zo /x]sf] ldn]dtf] -;]l6ª_ 

tf]8\g'kg{ ] atfPsf 5g\ . lgdf{0f 

Joj;foL ;ª\3 lrtjgsf] @% 

cf} F ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ a'waf/ oxfF 

;Daf]wg ub{ } pgn] 7"nf ljsf; 

lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf Pp6} lgdf{0f 

Joj;foLnfO{ 7]Ssf lbg] ldn]dtf] 

sd{rf/Laf6} x'g] u/]sf] atfP . 

cfkm"n] ;/sf/ / dGqfnosf] 

;lrjnfO{ eg]/ 7"nf ljsf; 

lgdf{0f Pp6}nfO{ glbg'xf];\, 

;fgf÷;fgf 6'qmfdf 7]Ssf lbg'xf];\, 

l56f]÷l56f] sfd x'G5, k|lt:kwf{df 

sfd x'G5 eg]sf] :d/0f ub{ } pgn] 

eg], æPp6} 7"nf] 7]s]bf/nfO{ 7]Ssf 

lbg], ePe/sf] gfkmf sdfpg] klg 

pxL, sfd u/] klg x'g] gu/]] klg 

x'g] .Æ cWoIf bfxfnsf] egfO 

lyof] ækfFr÷;ftj6f k'n Pp6} 

7]s]bf/nfO{ lbPsf] 5, cf]u6]sf] 5, 

/ ;d[l4sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf 

kIf;Fu uxg 5nkmn u/]/ ;ldltsf] 

sfdnfO{ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] b[9tf 

JoQm u/] . 

lj;+ @)#% df lrtjgdf 

hGd]sL ;efklt yfkfn] @)$* 

;fnaf6 g]skf Pdfn]sf] eft[;+u7g 

cg]/f:jljo'df ;+nUg eO{ 

/fhgLltdf k|j]z u/]Lf lyOg . . 

j8ftxb]lv lhNnf tx;Dd ljleGg 

txdf lgjf{lrt xF 'b} g]skf -Pdfn]_sf] 

lrtjg lhNnf sld6Lsf] ;lrj 

eP/ sfd u/]sf] pg;Fu cg'ej 

5 . o;cl3 gjlgjf{lrt ;efklt 

qonfO{ ;DalGwt ;ldltdf awfO{ 

1fkg ub{} ;kmn sfo{sfnfsf] 

nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ul/Psf] 

lyof] . /fli6«o;ef dftxtsf 

rf/dWo] lbuf] ljsf; tyf 

;'zf;g ;ldltsf] ;efkltdf 

s;}sf] pDd]bjf/L gk/]sf sf/0f 

/fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df 

l5§} lgjf{rg sfo{qmd k|sflzt 

x'g] /fli6«o;ef ;lrjfnon] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

sd{rf/LtGqdf /x]sf] 

ldn]dtf] tf]8\g'k5{ M bfxfn 

;dodf sfd k"/f klg x' Fb}g . ;fgf 

lgdf{0f Joj;foL /f]P/ lxF8]sf 5g\ . 

7"nf 7"nfn] Psflwsf/ hdfPsf 

5g\ .Æ e"sDk / gfsfaGbLsf 

;dodf lgdf{0f Joj;foLn] sfd 

ug{ gkfPsf] u'gf;f] ljutb]lv g} 

cfPsf] atfpFb} pgn] eGg'eof,] 

æxhf{gf gnufOsg Ps jif{ 

;do yKg d]/f] k"/} kxn x'G5 .Æ 

Joj;foLn] ;/sf/nfO{ / ;/sf/n] 

Joj;foLnfO{ x]g{ ] b[li6sf]0f 

kl/jt{g ug{ 'kg{ ] atfpFb} pgn] yk], 

ælghL If]qn] /fHo / sd{rf/LnfO{ 

sfdrf]/ / 3':ofxf eGg], sd{rf/L 

/ /fHon] lgdf{0f Joj;foLnfO{ 7u 

eGg] k|j[lQ 5 .Æ Joj;fodf 

nfUg]nfO{ /fHon] gfkmfsf] 

;'lglZrttf ug{'kg{] atfpFb} 

pgn] lghL If]qnfO{ v'zL / 

;'/lIft gu/L ljsf; / ;d[l4 

cfpFb}g eg] . km/s k|;ª\udf 

cWoIf bfxfnn] dlxnf lx+;fsf 

36gf a9]sfn] o;k|lt ;/sf/ 

uDeL/ aGg'kg{ ] atfP . 

;fj{hlgs ;"rgf 

g'jfsf]6 lhNnf a]nsf]6u9L gu/kflnsf] j8f g+ )* sf] lsQf 

g+= (&%, %$, *!), *!% / *!& sf] I]fqkmn ( /f]kgLdf aflif{s 

! s/f]8 yfg OF6f pTkfbg ug]{ p2]Zon] lrD6]Zj/ OF6f pBf]u 

k|f= ln= :yfkgf ug{ nfluPsf] x'Fbf ;f] pBf]usf] :yfkgfaf6 To; 

If]qsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, h}ljs, ef}lts cflb If]q 

tyf To;sf s'g} cjojx?df s'g} lsl;dsf] k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ 

b]lvPdf ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQm jf ;+:yfn] lgDg cg';f/sf] 7]ufgfdf 

of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ePsf] ldltn] !% lbgleq /fo ;'emfj lbg 

jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)%$ sf] lgod & cg';f/ k|f/lDes 

jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f -IEE_ k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ k|of]hgsf] nflu of] 

;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . 

/fo ;'emfj lbg] 7]ufgf 

!= g'jfsf]6 lhNnf a]nsf]6u9L gu/kflnsf j8f g+=* sf] sfof{no 

@ g'jfsf]6 lhNnf a]nsf]6u9L gu/kflnsf sf] sfof{no 

#= k|ljlw tyf jftjf/0f zfvf, pBf]u ljefu 

lqk'/]Zj/, sf7df8f}+ 

k|:tfjs 

gfd MlrD6]Zj/ OF6\6f pBf]u k|f= ln 

7]ufgf Mg'jfsf]6 lhNnf a]nsf]6u9L gkf j8f g+=* sf] sfof{no 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

pBf]u dGqfno 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nosf] 

xsbfjL ug{ cfpg] af/]sf] ;"rgf 

o; sfof{nodf ldlt @)^^÷)*÷@$ df btf{ ePsf] k|f=ln= 

g+= ^*$!@ sf] dxfsfnL UofF; pBf]u k|f=ln= gfds sDkgLn] btf{ vf/]hL 

ul/kfpF elg o; sfof{nodf lgj]bg k]z u/]sf] x'Fbf pQm sDkgLn] 

s;};Fu C0f lnPsf] jf ;f] sDkgLsf] s'g} ltg'{ a'emfpg' kg]{ bfloTj 

eP k|df0f ;lxt xsbfjLsf] nflu #% lbg leq o; sfof{nodf bfjL 

ug{ cfpg' x'g ;DalGwt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu of] ;"rgf k|sflzt 

ul/Psf] 5 . tf]lsPsf] Dofb leq xsbfjL ug{ gcfPdf pQm sDkgLsf] 

btf{ lgodfg';f/ vf/]h ul/g]5 . 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf] @)&$÷)@÷!* df ;DkGg aflif{s÷ljz]if ;fwf/0f 

;efsf] lg0f{o cg';f/ ;fljssf] sDkgL PA;6«fS6 6';{ PG8 6«feN; 

k|f=ln= -k|f=ln=g+=!$!&$^_sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ rncrn ;DklQ tyf 

ltg' { kg] { s/ bfloTj÷cGo bfloTj cflb kl/jlt{t sDkgLn] ltg] { Joxf]g] 

u/L sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 ;d]t ldlt @)&%÷)$÷!! ut]sf] 

lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L PA;6«fS6 6]Sgf]nf]hLh k|f=ln 

sfod ul/Psf] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

PA;6«fS6 6]Sgf]nf]hLh k|f= ln= -k|f= ln= g+= !$!&$^_ 

kf]v/f pk d=g=kf–)$, sf:sL, u08sL 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf]@)&%÷)$÷!! df ;DkGg ljif]z÷jflif{s ;fwf/0f;efsf] 

lg0f{o cg';f/ ;fljssf] sDkgL k|zfGtL lgnod dG6]:j/L xf]d k|f=ln= 

-k|f=ln=g+=!!^@)%_ sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ rncrn ;DklQ 

tyf ltg'{ kg]{ s/ bfloTj÷cGo bfloTj cflb kl/jlt{t sDkgLn] 

ltg]{ Joxf]g]{ u/L sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 ;d]t ldlt 

@)&%÷)$÷!& ut]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g u/L 

k|zflGt kl/af]w :s'n k|f=ln= sfod ul/Psf] Joxf]/f o;} ;"rgfåf/f 

hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

k|zflGt kl/af]w :s'n k|f=ln= -k|f=ln=g+=!!^@)%_ 

dxfb]j:yfg–&, sf7df08f}, afUdtL

laD:6]s ljz]if 


Thursday 30 August 2018 

# 

sf7df8f}Fdf a'waf/ laxfg a;]sf] ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu aª\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] 

k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] !^cf}F dGqL:t/Lo a}7s . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu a+ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_ a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g 

a'waf/ cfpg'ePsf e'6fgsf cGtl/d ;/sf/sf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Nof]Gkf] l5l/ª jfªr's lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o 

ljdfg:yndf g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f lbPsf] ;nfdL u|x0f ug'{x'Fb} . ;fydf pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL OZj/ kf]v/]n . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu a+ufnsf] vf8Lsf] 

k|of; -laD:6]s_ a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g a'waf/ cfpg'ePsf e'6fgsf 

cGtl/d ;/sf/sf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Nof]Gkf] l5l/ª jfªr's lqe'jg cGt/ 

f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf . ;fydf pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL OZj/ kf]v/]n . 

t:jL/x? M /f;; 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL / laD:6]s a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g g]kfn e|fd0f /xg' ePsf e'6fgsf cGtl/d 

;/sf/ k|d'v tyf k|d'v ;Nnfxsf/ Nof]Gkf] jfª\r'saLr cf}krfl/s e]6jftf{ x'Fb} . 

k|wfgdGqL s]kL zdf{ cf]nL laD:6]s a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g g]kfn e|d0fdf /xg' ePsf Dofgdfsf /fi6«klt 

ljg ldGt ;+u e]6jftf{ ug'{x'Fb} . 

/fi6«klt ljBfb]jL e08f/L;+u DofGdfsf /fi6«klt ljg ldGtn] /fi6«klt ejg zLtn lgjf;df lzi6frf/ 

e]6jftf{ ug'{x'Fb} . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu a+ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_ a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g 

cfpg'ePsf >Lnª\sfsf /fi6«klt d}qLkfnf l;l/;]gfnfO{ lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf a'waf/ :jfut 

ub}{ pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL O{Zj/ kf]v/]n . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu a+ufnsf] vf8Lsf] 

k|of; -laD:6]s_ a}7sdf ;xefuL x'g cfpg'ePsf >Lnª\sfsf 

/fi6«klt d}qLkfnf l;l/;]gf lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yndf . ;fydf 

pkk|wfg tyf /IffdGqL O{Zj/ kf]v/]n . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu aª\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] rf}yf] lzv/ 

;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g g]kfn cfpg'ePsf DofGdfsf /fi6«klt ljg ldGt a'waf/ a'4sf] hGd:yn 

n'lDagLl:yt dfofb]jL dlGb/sf] bz{g ug'{x'Fb} . 

ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu aª\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] 

k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] rf}yf] lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL x'g g]kfn 

cfpg'ePsf DofGdfsf /fi6«klt ljg ldGt a'waf/ a'4sf] hGd:yn 

n'lDagLl:yt dfofb]jL dlGb/ kl/;/df . ;fydf ;+:s[lt, ko{6gdGqL 

/jLGb| clwsf/L, k|b]z–% sf d'VodGqL z+s/ kf]v/]nnufot .



;DkfbsLo 

cj;/ / r'gf}tL b'a} 

cfhb]lv sf7df8f}+df ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf 

nflu a+ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] rf]yf}+ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf 

x'Fb}5 . cfof]hs /fi6«sf lx;fan] g]kfnsf nflu of] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ 

cj;/ klg xf] . ;dd]ng g]kfnsf nflu cj;/ dfq geP/ r'gf}tL 

klg xf] . clxn] g]kfnsf ;fd' ljD:6]s /fi6«x?aLr cfkm'nfO{ k|:t't 

u/]/ pko'Qm pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ r'gf}tL 5 . laD:6]s /fi6«x?;Fu 

g]kfnn] alnof] ;DaGw :yflkt u/]/ g]kfnn] tL /fi6«x?;Fu ko{6g, 

phf{, s[lifh:tf If]qdf pNn]Vo nfe lng ;S5 . clxn] rrf{df /x]sf] 

laD;6]s lu|8 ;Demf}tfnfO{ g]kfnn] ;a} /fi6«;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]/ cl3 

a9fpg ;s] g]kfnsf] phf{ If]qn] s]xL jif{df sfofkn6 ug{ ;Sg] ck]Iff 

ul/Psf] 5 . ef/t, >Ln+sf, DofGdf/, yfONof08, a+unfb]z h:tf 

/fi6«x?af6 pNn]Vo dfqfdf ko{6s g]kfn leq\ofpg ;Sg] cj;/ 

g]kfnnfO{ 5 . o;df g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] bl/nf] pkl:ytL :yflkt ug{ 

cfof]hssf gftfn];d]t g]kfnnfO{ ;xh x'g]5 . ljd:6]ssf] !^ cf}+ 

dGqL:t/Lo a}7sn] cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw / dfgj t:s/L cGTosf nflu 

z'Go ;xgzLntfsf] gLlt ckgfpg] ;dembf/Ldf x:tfIf/ ug]{ lg0f{o 

u/]sf] 5 . 

;b:o /fi6«x?aLr cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw lgoGq0fsf nflu z'Go 

;xgzLntfsf] gLlt ckgfpg] ljifodf lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf ;Dembf/L ug]{ 

lg0f{o u/]sf] xf] . dGqL:t/Lo a}7sn] lzv/ ;Dd]ngsf nflu !^ j6f 

ljleGg Ph]G8f klg to u/]sf] 5 . a}7sdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 k//fi6«dGqL 

k|lbk 1jfnLn] ul/jL lgjf/0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g, dfgj t:s/L / 

ck/fw, ef]sd/Lnufotsf ljifodf ;b:o /fi6«x?aLr ;xsfo{ u/]/ 

cl3 a9g'kg]{df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . a}7sn] sf7df8f}+ 3f]if0ff kqnfO{ 

clGtd ?k lbPsf] 5 . laD:6]s o;sf] Oltxf;, ef}uf]lns lx;fa / 

ljsf;sf] ;Defjgfsf sf/0f Pp6f cnu ;+u7g xf] . h;n] ldn]/ 

cl3 a9g ;s] ul/aL, ef]sd/L, lk5f}6]kg, c;dfgtf, k|fs[lts ljkt, 

jftfj/0fLo c;Gt'ng, cft+sjfb, ;+ul7t ck/fw h:tf of] If]qsf 

;dfg ;d:of xn x'g ;S5g . sg]lS6le6L, s[lif, ul/aL lgjf/0f, 

hg:jf:Yo, cft+sjfb, ck/fwh:tf ljifonfO{ lzv/ ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmn 

ug]{] tyf ;Dd]ngdf :jtGq Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf, oftfoft sg]S;gsf] u'? 

of]hgf, lu|8 sg]S;gsf] ;Demf}tf / cft+sjfbsf] cGTo ug]{;DaGwL 

k|:tfjnfO{ 5nkmn u/]/ laD:6]snfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg] ljifodf 

;dembf/L ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . 

;dd]ngdf laD:6]ssf] k|ult ;ldIff, laD:6]ssf] ;+u7gfTds 

;+/rgfsf] :yfkgf, of]hgf;lxtsf ;xof]usf sfo{qmd Nofpg] ;DalGw 

5nkmn klg x'g]5 . a'waf/sf] a}7sn] ;Dd]ngdf laD:6]ssf] :yfoL 

;lrjfno a+unfb]zdf :yfkgf ug]{, laD:6]s ;f:s[lts pBf]u cg'udg 

sfof{no e'6fgdf vf]Ng] / laD:6]ssf] df};d tyf hnjfo' s]Gb| ef/tdf 

:yfgfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o klg u/]sf] 5 . ;fy} laD:6]s dxf;lrjn] ef/tdf 

lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] laD:6]s OghL{ s]Gb| / >Ln+sfdf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] 

k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ;'lawf s]Gb|sf] af/]df klg a}7sdf hfgsf/L u/fPsf 

lyP . ;fy} a}7sn] ;qf} dGqL:t/Lo a}7s >Ln+sfdf ug]{ lg0f{o klg u/]sf] 

5 / dGqL:t/Lo a}7sdf cWoIftf g]kfnn] >Ln+sfnfO{ x:tfGt/0f 

u/]sf] 5 . d'Vo ul/ sf7df8f}+ a}7sn] eG;f/ ;xfotf;DaGwL sfo{bnsf] 

k|ltj]bg, ut jif{ a}Ísdf ePsf] laD:6]s oftfoft ;Dks{ sfo{bnsf] 

bf];|f] a}7ssf] k|ltj]bg, laD:6]s t6Lo kfgLhxfh ;Demf}tf;DaGwL 

gofFlbNnLdf ;DkGg klxnf] a}7ssf] k|ltj]bg / laD:6]s ;jf/L;fwg 

;Demf}tf;DaGwL sfo{bnsf] klxnf] a}7ssf] k|ltj]bg k]z ePsf] 5 . 

a}7ssf] sfo{;"rL ljj/0fcg';f/ ut dfr{df a+unfb]zsf] 9fsfdf ePsf] 

/fli6«o ;'/Iff k|d'vx?sf] bf];|f] a}7s, o;} dlxgf ;f]xL :yfgdf ePsf] 

laD:6]s ;+o'Qm sfo{bnsf] k|ltcftÍjfb / cGt/f{li6«o ck/fw;DaGwL 

cf7f}F a}7ssf] k|ltj]bg, laD:6]s k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f ;'ljwf;DaGwL lj1 

;d"xsf] rf}yf] k|ltj]bgaf/;d]t lg0f{o ug]{5 . oL ofjt ljifox?aLr 

g]kfnn] cfkm\gf] e"lddf cfof]hgf x'g] of] ;Dd]ngnfO{ clxn];Dds} 

pknlawd'ns / ;kmn agfpg ;sf]; . z'esfdgf ¤ 

/flzkmn 

d]if 

j[if 

ldy'g 

ss{6 

l;+x 

sGof 

t'nf 

j[lZrs 

wg' 

ds/ 

s'De 

dLg 

Hof]= k+= s]bf/k|;fb e08f/L 

(*$!(##)$%÷(*!*#@%&#% 

sLlt{k'/, sf7df8f}+ 

:jf:Yodf xfgL 

gf]s/Ldf kbf]GgtL 

dgdf eo 

kl/jf/af6 ;b\efj 

k9fO{df c?rL 

Joj;fodf ;Gtf]if 

ldqsf] ;xof]u 

vr{df a[l4 

gf]s/Ldf VoftL 

ldq ;'v 

ldqsf] ;xof]u 

;q'k/fhLt 

cg'/f]w 

xfd|f] k|of; tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 < tkfO{sf u'gf;f], cfnf]rgf 

/ ;'emfjn] hg;jfnnfO{ :t/Lo aGg / ;xL af6f]df lxF8\g ;xof]u ug]{5 . 

To;}n] xfdL tkfO{+sf] /rgfTds cfnf]rgf / cd"No ;'emfjsf] ck]Iff 

u5f}{+, s[kof n]v]/ xfdLnfO{ k7fpg'xf];\ . n]Vg'xf];\, d'n'ssf ;d;fdlos 

36gfqmdk|ltsf] cfk\mgf] k|ltlqmof, n]v /rgf;Fu} cfk\mgf] :ki6 kl/ro / 

tl:a/ klg tnsf] 7]ugfdf k7fpg' xf]nf . 

E-mail : janasawalnews@gmail .com 

ft ;fnsf] hgqmflGt ;kmn ePkl5 

k"jL{ g]kfndf ul7t klxnf] hg;/sf/n] 

@))* ;fndf :yfkgf u/]sf] eb|k'/ 

k':tsfno ljutdf rlr{t /x] klg clxn] 

u'dgfd 5 . P]ltxfl;s dxTj af]s]sf] ^& 

jif{ k'/fgf] emfkfsf] of] k':tsfno ljut 

b'O{ bzs otf kf7sljxLg cj:yfdf 5 . 

æk9\g eg]/ sf]xL cfpFb}gg\, ;/sf/n] 

;d]t o;sf] ;+/If0f / ;~rfngdf s'g} 

Wofg lbPsf] 5}gÆ – eb|k'/af6 k|sflzt 

gf}nf] cfjfh klqsfsf ;Dkfbs bLks 

clwsf/L eGg'x'G5 . klZrd emfkfsf] 

uf}/Lu~hdf @)!! ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] 

csf]{ P]ltxfl;s dxTjsf] lqe'jg cfbz{ 

k':tsfno;d]t kf7s u'dfP/ ;+s6af6 

u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . vh'/uf5L ahf/df b'O{ 

s7\7f hUufdf lgdf{0f ePsf] Ps tn] 

kSsL ejgdf of] k':tsfno 5 . Ps xhf/ 

k':ts ;+u[xLt of] k':tsfnosf] uf}/fbx–( 

df cfÏg} :jfldTj /x]sf] v]tLof]Uo tLg 

lj3f hUuf 5 . 

Ps hgf sd{rf/Ln] laxfg / a]n'sf 

k':tsfno v'nf u/]/ lgoldt /]vb]v 

ub}{ cfPklg k':ts k9\g] kf7sx¿ eg] 

cfslif{t x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . dbg k'/:sf/ 

ljh]tf ;flxTosf/ bf}ntljqmd lji6n] 

@)$% ;fnb]lv # jif{;Dd uf}/Lu~hdf 

a;]/ oxL k':tsfnodf ;flxTo ;fwgf 

ug'{ePsf] lyof] . d'n'se/d} sxlnPsf] 

d]rLgu/sf] lqkmnf /fli6«o k':tsfno / 

uf}/fbxsf] uf}/fbx ;fd'bflos k':tsfnon] 

klg kf7s gkfpg] ;d:of em]ln/x]sf 

5g\ . ef}lts ;fwg ;|f]tn] ;Ifd ePklg 

oL k':tsfnok|lt cWoogdf ?rL /fVg] 

gofF k':tf cfslif{t gx'Fbf k':tsfno 

;'g;fg ePsf 5g\ . d]rLgu/ j8f 

g+ !) w'nfjf/Ldf @)%# ;fndf ;Gt 

:jefjsf k|]dk|sfz kf]v/]n …kmnfxf/LÚn] 

wfld{s k':ts ;+/If0f ug]{ p2]Zon] 3'DtL 

k;naf6 lqkmnf /fli6«o k':tsfnosf] 

:yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . bftf;Fu xft 

yfk]/ pxfF k':tsfnosf nflu b'O{ s7\7f 

kfFr w'/ hUufdf eJo tLg tn] kSsL 

ejg agfpg ;kmn x'g'eof] . ejgsf] e'OF 

tnfdf sDKo'6/, lk|G6/ / OG6/g]6 h:tf 

pks/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf s]Gb|, jfrgfno / 

ljrf/ 

s] DofGdf/sf] ;]gf ;hfosf] eflubf/ x'g]5 < 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;ldltn] DofGdf/sf] 

;}lgs g]t[TjnfO{ /f]lxªUØf hftLlj?4 ePsf] 

elgPsf] ck/fwdf Gofofnosf] ;fdgf 

ug{'kg]{ atfPsf] 5 . oxfFsf] ;]gf sf/afxLsf] 

ef]uL xf]nf eGg] laifo nfdf] / h6Ln 

5 . cfÏgf] ;xof]uLlj?4 NofOg] s'g} klg 

sf/afxLsf] dfunfO{ cGt//fli6«o kmf}hbf/L 

cbfntdf nfg rLgn] cj/f]w l;h{gf ug{ 

;S5 . /fi6«;+3Lo tYo–cGj]if0f 6f]nLn] 

;f]daf/ k|:t't u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf DofGdf/sf 

;}lgs k|d'v ldg cª nfOª;lxt cGo 

;b:on] hftLo g/;+xf/df ;DnUg ePsf] 

eGb} pgLx¿ ;hfosf] efuLbf/ x'g'kg]{ bfjL 

ul/Psf] 5 . pgLx¿lj?4 bh{gf}F /f]lxªUØf 

d';ndfgsf] xTof u/]sf] / sl/a ;ft nfv 

gful/snfO{ lj:tflkt x'g afWo kf/]sf] 

cf/f]k 5 . lj:yflkt clwsf+z z/0ffyL{sf] 

¿kdf aª\unfb]z nfuotsf PlzofnL 

d'n'sdf a:g afWo 5g\ . 

dfr{ @)!& df /fi6«;+3Lo 

dfgjclwsf/ kl/ifb\n] u7g u/]sf] 

/fi6«;+3Lo ld;gn] k|ltj]bgdf eg]sf] 5, 

æDofGdf/ ;]gfsf] sdfG8sf pRr ;}lgs 

clwsf/Ldflysf] cg';Gwfg / cleof]hg 

nufpg kof{Kt ;"rgf xfdLn] kfPsf 5f}+ . 

/vfOg /fHodf ePsf ;}lgssf ck/fwx? 

hftLo g/;+xf/sf] k|s[lt, uDeL/tf / 

If]qnfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ lsl;dsf 5g\ / ltgL 

tYok"0f{ 5g\ .Æ DofGdf/df z/0ffyL{dfly 

;'/IffsdL{n] k6sk6s anfTsf/, xTof / 

cfuhgLh:tf h3Go ck/f3 u/]sf] cf/f]k 

nufOg] u/]sf 5g\ . 3/af6 lgsflnPsf 

lgxTyf gful/sdfly ePsf lx+;fTds 

cfqmd0fsf] ljZje/ lgGbf ePsf] 5 . 

/fi6«;+3Lo k|ltj]bgnfO{ Dofgdf/ ;ª\s6af/] 

clxn];Dds} ;a}eGbf uDeL/ tyf 

lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ sbdsf ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5 

oBlk lj1n] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cl3 a9fpFbf 

sfg"gL tyf s"6gLlts cj/f]w cfpg;Sg] 

r]tfjgL lbPsf 5g\ . 

/f]lxªUØfsf nflu l56f] / Gofok"0f{ af6f] 

b x]ul:yt cGt//fli6«o kmf}hbf/L 

cbfnt -cfO;L;L_ z'?jftsf] k|lqmof 

x'g;S5 . o;nfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ;'/Iff 

kl/ifb\n] Dofgdf/nfO{ pQm cbfnt;dIf 

k7fpg'k5{ . t/ e"/fhgLltn] pQm d'2fnfO{ 

rLg / ¿;nfO{ hf]8\g] cj:yf /xG5 . 

;}lgs hg/n nfOªnfO{ s]xL lbg klxn] 

cfltYotf lbPsf] d'n'sn] /fi6«;ª\3sf] 

;'/Iff kl/ifb\df ljz]if zlQmsf] k|of]u ug{ 

;Sg]5 . rLgn] lg/Gt/ /f]lxªUØf ;d:of 

DofGdf/sf] cfGtl/s ;d:of ePsf] eGb} 

/fi6«;ª\3df x'g] cfnf]rgfnfO{ kG5Øfpg] 

u/]sf] 5 . /vfOg /fHosf] w]/} h6Ln 

P]ltxfl;s, hftLo tyf wfld{s k[i7e"ld 

/x]sf] rLgsf ljb]z dGqfnosf k|jStf 

x'jf r'gloªn] dª\unaf/ ;~rf/sdL{;Fusf] 

lgoldt e]63f6df atfpg'ePsf] 5 . To;f] 

eP ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg jftf{ tyf ;Demf}tf 

s;/L lgsfNg] eGg] ;~rf/sdL{sf] k|Zgdf 

pxfFn] eGg'eof], dnfO{ nfU5 s;}dfly bf]if 

cyjf bjfjn] s'g} klg s'/fsf] ;dfwfg 

lgsfNb}g . Go"of]s{l:yt ;'/Iff kl/ifb\df 

Dofgdf/af/] cu:6 @* df 5nkmn 

ePsf] 5 . 

bf];|f] of]hgf s] x'g ;S5 

olb cfO;L;Lsf] sfg"gL sbdaf/] 

;'/Iff kl/ifb\df 5nkmn hf/L 5 eg] 

o;nfO{ ?jf08f, o'uf]:nfleof, n]agfg / 

sDaf]l8ofsf nflu u/]h:t} cgf}krfl/s 

jf ldl>t Gofoflws/0fdfkm{t cl3 a9fpg 

;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ;}4flGts¿kdf 

DofGdf/sf /fli6«o pRrflwsf/L;Fu 

;dGjosf] cfjZostf kb{5 . 

csf]{ ;Defjgf eg]sf] cfO;L;Lsf k|d'v 

cleof]Qmf kmtfcf] a]G;f]p8fn] cfO;L;Lsf] 

k':tsfno 5g\, kf7s 5}gg\ 

k':ts ;ª\u|xfno 5 . 

ejgsf] aLr tnfdf cfsif{s ;efxn 

;~rfngdf 5 eg] dflyNnf] tnfdf 

cfjf;;lxtsf] jfrgfno lgdf{0ffwLg 

5 . s/La % s/f]8sf] ;DklQ hf]l8;s]sf] 

lqmkmnf k':tsfnon] ef]lu/x]sf] ;a}eGbf 

7"nf] r'gf}tL eg]s} kf7s cfslif{t ug{ 

g;Sg' xf] . k':tsfnosf cWoIf kmnfxf/L 

eGg'x'G5 – k}+tfln; xhf/ k':ts / 

kqklqsf 5g\ . Ps hgf sd{rf/L v6fPsf 

5f}F . dlxgfdf d'lZsnn] %) b]lv ^) 

hgf dfq kf7s cfpF5g\ .Æ ;flxlTos 

lbj;x¿df ljleGg sfo{qmd u/]/ lqkmnfn] 

kf7sx¿nfO{ k':tsfnoleq l5/fpg] k|of; 

u/]klg k':ts k9\g} eg]/ cfpg] kf7ssf] 

;+Vof Psbd} Go"g /x]sf] cWoIf kmnfxf/L 

:jLsf/ ug'{x'G5 . ;ft ;fndf k|hftGq 

cfpg' cl3 g} k"jL{ g]kfndf e}/jk|;fb 

cfrfo{ ujg{/ /x]sf] klxnf] ;dfgfGt/ 

;/sf/ u7g ePsf] Oltxf; 5 . pQm 

;/sf/sf lzIffdGqL x'g'xGYof], efiffzf:qL 

dxfgGb ;fksf]6f . efiffzf:qL ;fksf]6fs} 

kxndf @))* ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] b]zs} 

rlr{t eb|k'/ k':tsfnodf k':ts k9\g 

eg]/ @)%& ;fnb]lv Pp6f klg kf7sn] 

9f]sf 9S9SofPsf] 5}g . 

eb|k'/–% df !) w'/ cfÏg} hUufdf 

b'O{ tn] kSsL ejgdf ;~rflnt eb|k'/ 

k':tsfnosf] dflyNnf] tnfdf k':ts 

;ª\u|x 5 eg] e'OFtnfsf sf]7fx¿ :yfgLo 

;AhL Jofkf/Ln] ha/h:tL k|of]u ul//x]sf 

lbnLk zdf{ 

nfdf] ;dob]lv hftLo ;kmfof u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]ksf] DofGdf/n] nfdf] 

;dob]lv c:jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . Dofgdf/n] cfO;L;Lsf] cleof]Qmfsf] 

cg';Gwfgsf nflu ePsf] cg'/f]wdf eg] cfnf]lrt x'gaf6 cfkm"nfO{ arfPsf] 

5 . cu:6df ;/sf/n] cg';GwfgnfO{ …cfwf/xLgÚ egL o;nfO{ vf/]h ug'{kg]{ 

atfPsf] lyof] . Dofgdf/ ;/sf/n] /f]lxªUØfaf/] cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfÇg} :jtGq 

cfof]u u7gu/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . 3/ljxLg /f]lxªUØf z/0ffyL{dfly DofGdf/leq 

lgs} sd ;xfg'e"lt /flvg] u5{ / o;s} sf/0f Dofgdf/sf ;}lgs k|d'v ldg 

cª nfOªn] /f]lxªUØf Ot/ :yfgLo ax';ª\Vos ;a{;fwf/0faf6 ;dy{g lng 

;kmn 5g\ . s]xLn] t /f]lxªUØf lj?4sf] sf/afxL ljb|f]xL n8fs";Fusf] /fHosf] 

k|ltsf/sf ¿kdf klg k|:t't ug]{ u5{g\ . 

If]qflwsf/nfO{ Dofgdf/df lj:tf/ 

ug]{ b]lvG5 . Dofgdf/ clxn];Dd pQm 

Gofofno;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5}g . cfO;L;Lsf] 

;b:o /fi6« aª\unfb]zdf DofGdf/sf] 

hftLo lx+;fsf] k|efj k/]sf]n] o;sf] 

clwsf/ If]q gePklg cfO;L;Lsf] 

If]qflwsf/nfO{ DofGdf/df hf]8\g;Sg] 

cfO;L;Lsf GofofwLz lsª\;n] cjf]6sf] 

wf/0ff 5 . 

olb cbfnt ;xdt ePdf 

cleof]Qmfn] k|f/lDes cg';GwfgnfO{ 

z'? ug{ ;S5g\ / cGttM Dofgdf/sf] 

gful/snfO{ kqmfp k"hL{ lbg ;S5 . t/ 

o;n] ;do lng;S5 . cg';Gwfgdf 

aª\unfb]zn] ;xeflutf hgfpg' / 

DofGdf/n] zª\ssf:kb JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt/0f 

ug'{ h?/L x'g]5 . 

s;nfO{ ;hfo lbg ;lsG5 

cbffntn] /fi6«nfO{ nlIft ug]{ xf]Og 

To;sf gful/sdfly nlIft u/L cg';Gwfg 

cl3 a9fpg ;S5 . ;f]daf/ /fi6«;ª\3sf] 

5fgljgn] ;}lgs k|d'v hg/n ldg cª\u 

nfOª;lxt 5 hgf ;}lgs clwsf/Lsf] gfd 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 

cg';Gwfgstf{n] eg]sf 5g\, 

ænfOª;lxt 5 hgf ;}lgs clwsf/Lsf] 

/vfOg /fHodf /f]lxªUØf hftLo bª\uf 

;kmfof cleofgdf ;xefuL e} sdf08 

;Dxfn]sf sf/0f pgLx¿dfly 5fgljg h?/L 

5 .Æ t/ cf;L;Ln] ljb]zaf6 zª\sf:kb 

rGb|snf e08f/L 

kf7ssf] ?rL cg';f/sf gofF k':ts yKg g;Sg' / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 

a]jf:tf u/]sf sf/0f uf}/fbx k':tsfno kf7sljxLg aGb} uPsf] ;+:yfks 

ef]h/fh bfxfn atfpg'x'G5 . kf7s gkfP/ emfkfsf * j6f k':tsfno xfn;fn} 

aGb ePsf] k':tsfno ;ª\3 emfkfsf cWoIf k|]dk|sfz kf]v/]n …kmnfxf/LÚn] 

hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . rGb|u9Lsf] n]vgfy k':tsfno / bdssf] klAns nfOa|]/L 

:yfgLo ;flxTosf/ tyf o'jf kf7sx¿sf] ;lqmotfdf /fd|};Fu ;~rfng eO/x]sf 

5g\ . efiffljb\ r"8fdl0f /]UdLnufotsf] cu'jfOdf @)#% ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] 

n]vgfy k':tsfnodf ;a} ljwfsf kfFr xhf/ eGbf a9L k':ts ;ª\u|x ul/Psf] 

k':tsfnosf ;lrj s[i0f ;'j]bL lg/fsf/ atfpg'x'G5 . 

5g\ . k':tsfno sf]7fsf em\ofn9f]sf sfd 

gnfUg] cj:yfdf 5g\ eg] ejgsf] 5taf6 

kfgL r'lxG5 . ToxfF /flvPsf lstfax¿ 

sL/f / d';fn] 9'6\ofO;s]sf 5g\ . lj;+ 

@)%& b]lv rNg g;s]/ 9f]sfdf nufOPsf] 

tfnf vf]Ng @)^& ;fndf xfnsf k|b]z 

;f+;b cf]dk|sfz ;/fjuL / @)&) ;fndf 

;dfh;]jL x'nf;rGb| ;l/ofsf] g]t[Tjdf 

kxn ul/Psf] lyof] t/, k':tsfnosf] tfnf 

cem};Dd v'nfpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . Oltxf; 

af]s]sf] of] k':tsfnosf] ;+/If0f / ;~rfng 

ug] { lhDd]jf/L ca :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] sfFwdf 

cfPsf] atfpg'x'G5, ;Dkfbs clwsf/L . 

eb|k'/ gu/kflnsfsf gu/ k|d'v hLjg 

>]i7n] eb|k'/ k':tsfno ljutdf /fhgLlts 

lvrftfgLsf sf/0fn] w/fzfoL ePsf] 

atfpg'eof] . æljutdf h] eP klg of] 

k':tsfno eb|k'/sf] ;DklQ xf] / o;nfO{ 

k'gM ;~rfng ug] { ljifodf xfdL 5nkmn 

ul//x]sf 5f} FÆ – gu/ k|d'v >]i7 eGg'x'G5 . 

l/8 g]kfnn] s'g} ;do g]kfns} 

pTs[i6 ;fd'bflos k':tsfno egL ;Ddfg 

u/]sf] uf}/fbx ;fd'bflos k':tsfnodf b'O{ 

jif{ otf Pp6f gofF k':ts klg ylkPsf] 

5}g . lj;+ @)%% ;fndf cfÏg} Ps s7\7f 

hUufdf ag]sf] kSsL Ps tn] ejgdf 

;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf] of] k':tsfnodf 

;ft xhf/ &!# j6f k':ts btf{ 5g\ . 

O{–nfOa]|]/Lsf nflu eg]/ bftfaf6 k|fKt 

rf/ j6f sDKo'6/ k|of]uljxLg cj:yfdf 

5g\ . kf7ssf] ?rL cg';f/sf gofF 

JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt b]zsf] cg'dlt ljgf 

cbfntdf cg';Gwfgs} nflu klg v8f 

ug{ ;Sb}g . cfO;L;Lsf] ;b:o /fi6«n] 

e|d0fsf ;do pgLx¿nfO{ kqmfp ug{ ;S5 

/ cg';Gwfgsf nflu cfO;L;Ldf a'emfpg 

;S5 . t/ of] k4lt ljutdf ljjfbf:kb 

ag]sf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!& sf] l8;]Da/df 

o'4 ck/fw;DaGwL GofofwLzn] b x]usf] 

kqmfpk"hL{sf] cfb]zcg';f/ ;'8fgL g]tf 

cf]df/ cn–afl;/nfO{ kqmfp u/L b x]udf 

ga'emfPsf sf/0f hf]8{gsf] cfnf]rgf 

ePsf] lyof] . 

;'sLn] cg';Gwfgsf] ;fdgf ug'{k5{ 

Dofgdf/sL k|hftGqjfbL g]t[ o; 

d'2fdf cg';Gwfgsf] 3]/fdf NofOg] ;Defjgf 

lgs} sd x'g]5 . clxn] cg';Gwfgsf nflu 

nlIft /x]sf JolQmdf ;' sLsf] gfd 5}g . 

t/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] pRr txsf clwsf/LnfO{ 

eg] 5fgljgsf nflu /fi6«;+3Lo cg';Gwfg 

;ldltn] cfjZos 7fg]sf] 5 . t/ ;ldltn] 

;'sLnfO{ /f]lxªUØf lx+;f ;dfwfgsf nflu 

cfÏgf] g}lts clwsf/sf] k|of]u gu/]sf]df 

5fgljgsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg;S5 . 

5fgljgn] ;'sLsf] k|zf;gn] s'g} 

untsfo{ gePsf] egL 36gfnfO{ 

n'sfpg vf]h]sf], /fi6«;+3Lo cg';Gwfgdf 

cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf] / /f]lxªUØfaf/] unt 

ljj/0f km}nfPsf] egL cf/f]k nufPsf] 

5 . nfdf] ;dob]lv hftLo ;kmfof 

u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]ksf] DofGdf/n] nfdf] 

;dob]lv c:jLsf/ ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .ofgdf/n] 

cfO;L;Lsf] cleof]Qmfsf] cg';Gwfgsf nflu 

ePsf] cg'/f]wdf eg] cfnf]lrt x'gaf6 

cfkm"nfO{ arfPsf] 5 . cu:6df ;/sf/n] 

cg';GwfgnfO{ …cfwf/xLgÚ egL o;nfO{ 

vf/]h ug'{kg]{ atfPsf] lyof] . Dofgdf/ 

;/sf/n] /f]lxªUØfaf/] cg';Gwfgsf nflu 

cfÏg} :jtGq cfof]u u7gu/]sf] hgfPsf] 

5 . 3/ljxLg /f]lxªUØf z/0ffyL{dfly 

DofGdf/leq lgs} sd ;xfg'e"lt /flvg] u5{ 

/ o;s} sf/0f Dofgdf/sf ;}lgs k|d'v 

ldg cª nfOªn] /f]lxªUØf Ot/ :yfgLo 

ax';ª\Vos ;a{;fwf/0faf6 ;dy{g lng 

;kmn 5g\ . s]xLn] t /f]lxªUØf lj?4sf] 

sf/afxL ljb|f]xL n8fs";Fusf] /fHosf] 

k|ltsf/sf ¿kdf klg k|:t't ug]{ u5{g\ . 

k':ts yKg g;Sg' / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] 

a]jf:tf u/]sf sf/0f uf}/fbx k':tsfno 

kf7sljxLg aGb} uPsf] ;+:yfks ef]h/fh 

bfxfn atfpg'x'G5 . kf7s gkfP/ emfkfsf 

* j6f k':tsfno xfn;fn} aGb ePsf] 

k':tsfno ;ª\3 emfkfsf cWoIf k|]dk|sfz 

kf]v/]n …kmnfxf/LÚn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . 

rGb|u9Lsf] n]vgfy k':tsfno / bdssf] 

klAns nfOa|]/L :yfgLo ;flxTosf/ tyf 

o'jf kf7sx¿sf] ;lqmotfdf /fd|};Fu 

;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . efiffljb\ r"8fdl0f 

/]UdLnufotsf] cu'jfOdf @)#% ;fndf 

:yfkgf ePsf] n]vgfy k':tsfnodf ;a} 

ljwfsf kfFr xhf/ eGbf a9L k':ts ;ª\u|x 

ul/Psf] k':tsfnosf ;lrj s[i0f ;'j]bL 

lg/fsf/ atfpg'x'G5 . 

lj;+ @)^( df :yflkt bdssf] 

klAns nfOa|]/Ldf 5 xhf/ k':ts /x]sf] 

/ kf7ssf ?rL ;d]6\g] vfnsf gofF 

k':ts;d]t /flvPsf sf/0f kf7s g36]sf] 

cWoIf e]if/fh Gof}kfg]n] atfpg'eof] . 

/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs ?kdf 

cu|0fL lhNnfsf] ?kdf lrlgPsf] emfkfdf 

@))& ;fnsf] kl/jt{gkl5 bh{gf}F :yfgdf 

k':tsfno v]flnPsf lyP . k|hftGqdfly 

k|ltaGw nufOPsf] k~rfotsfnLg 

cj:yfdf ;d]t emfkfsf r]tgzLn o'jfn] 

ufpFufpFdf k':tsfno / jfrgfno vf]n]/ 

/fhgLlts cfGbf]ngnfO{ pmhf{ eg]{ sfo{ 

ub{y] . t/ clxn] gofF k':tsfno vf]Ng] 

qmd 7Kk h:t} 5 eg] k'/fgf / P]ltxfl;s 

dxTj af]s]sf k':tsfno;d]t aGb x'g] 

cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5g\ . l/8;{ emfkfsf 

pkfWoIf bfdf]b/ 9'ª\u]n k':tsfno grn] 

klg k7g ;+:s[lt a9\b} uPsf] cg'ej 

;'gfpg'x'G5 . k':tsfnox¿ k'/fgf] 9fFrfdf 

rNg] u/]sf / ToxfF gofF k':tfsf kf7sn] 

?rfpg] lstfa g} gePsf sf/0f emfkfsf 

k'/fgf k':tsfnox¿ aGb x'Fb} uPsf] pxfFsf] 

ljZn]if0f /x]sf] 5 . kqklqsf / k':tssf] 

laqmL a9\b} uPsf] / ;j{;fwf/0fdf ;d]t 

OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr a9];Fu} ;~rf/sf gofF 

k|ljlwsf] k|of]udf /dfpg yfNbf k':tsfno 

g} wfP/ lstfa tyf kqklqsf k9\g] ?rL 

cfdkf7sdf 36\b} uPsf] l/8;{ emfkfsf 

pkfWoIf 9'ª\u]n atfpg'x'G5 .

:yfgLodf sd{rf/L / 

sfg"gsf] cefj 

• hg;jfn ;+jfbbftf 

t'n;Lk'/– :yfgLo txn] 

sd{rf/L / sfg"gsf] cefj g} 

d'Vo ;d:of ePsf] atfPsf 

5g\ . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltn] 

bfªsf] 3f]/fxLdf dª\unaf/ 

cfof]hgf u/]sf] jflif{s ;dLIff 

sfo{qmddf sd{rf/Lsf] cefjsf 

sf/0f :yfgLo txdf ljlgof]hg 

ePsf] /sd;d]t vr{ geP/ 

kms]{sf] cj:yf ePsf] atfOPsf] 

5 . æ:yfgLotxdf hgtfsf 

ck]Iff w]/} 5g\, t/ sd{rf/L 

/ sfg"gsf] cGof]ntf g} d'Vo 

;d:of ePsf] 5Æ, ;dLIffdf 

aª\unfr'nL ufpFkflnsf k|d'v 

k|zf;sLo clws[t rGb|sfGt 

kf}8]nn] rg] . 

To:t} /fhk'/ ufpFkflnsfn] 

klg d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ¿kdf 

hgzlQm cefj g} cf}FNofPsf] 

lyof] . æufpFkflnsfdf 

sd{rf/Lsf] cefj 5Æ, k|d'v 

k|zf;sLo clws[t /fdk|;fb 

zdf{n] rg], æt/ sfd ug'{kg]{ 

If]q w]/} 5g\ .Æ :yfgLo txdf 

hgzlQmsf] cefj eP klg 

ePsf] hgzlQm / ;|f]t ;fwg 

k|of]u u/]/ :yfgLo txn] 

cfzfnfUbf sfdsf] ;'?jft 

u/]sf atfPsf] 5 . 

dª\unaf/b]lv z'? ePsf] 

;dLIff a}7sdf :yfgLo tx, 

;/sf/L sfof{no / u}/;/sf/L 

;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] k|ult ljj/0f 

/fVg] sfd ePsf] 5 . lhNnf 

;dGjo ;ldltsf k|d'v 

lht]Gb|dfg g]kfnLn] ;+ljwfgsf] 

clwsf/df 6]s]/ :yfgLo tx, 

sfof{no / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ 

gful/sk|lt yk hjfkmb]xL 

agfpg ;dLIff sfo{qmd u/]sf] 

atfP . 

nfu"cf}ifw;lxt tLg kqmfp 

uf}zfnf -h;_– dxf]Q/L 

k|x/Ln] k|ltalGwt nfu"cf}ifw;lxt 

dª\unaf/ tLg hgfnfO{ kqmfp 

u/]sf] 5 . kqmfp kg]{df lhNnfsf] 

lkk/f ufpFkflnsf–^ a:g] 

wd{gfy d'lvof, lbg]z d'lvof 

/ ljj]s d08n /x]sf] lhNnf 

k|x/L sfof{no dxf]Q/Lsf k|x/L 

pk/LIfs O{Zj/ sfsL{n] atfP . 

ef/t laxf/sf] dwjfk'/ 

ahf/af6 nfu"cf}ifw af]s]/ g]kfn 

k|j]z u/]sf tLg} hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] 

dl6xfgL gu/kflnsf–& l:yt 

;8sdf zª\sf nflu r]shfFr 

ubf{ pgLx¿ nfu"cf}ifw;lxt 

kqmfp k/]sf x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] 

;fyaf6 k|x/Ln] #% yfg 

gfO6f]e]6 6\ofAn]6 a/fdb u/]sf] 

5 . nfu"cf}ifw;lxt kqmfp k/]sf 

tLg} hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] nfu"cf}ifw 

d'2f rnfP/ cfjZos cg';Gwfg 

cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . 

;fF9]sf] cfqmd0faf6 rf/ 3fOt] 

dxf]Q/L lhNnfsf] alb{af; 

gu/kflnsfdf dª\unaf/ ;fF9]sf] 

cfqmd0fdf k/L rf/ 3fOt] ePsf 

5g\ . 3fOt] x'g]df alb{af; 

gu/kflnsf–!$ a:g] sfd]Zj/ 

dxtf], pd]z dxtf], lbg]z ;fx 

;f]gf / ;'/]z ;fx ;f]gf/ /x]sf] 

Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no alb{af;n] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

;fF9]n] ljut Ps 

;ftfb]lv :yfgLosf] 3/ 

tf]8kmf]8 ug]{nufotsf cftª\s 

dRrfO/x]sf a]nf dª\unaf/ 

k'gM Ps :yfgLosf] 3/df k;L 

3/ eTsfpg yfn]kl5 :yfgLon] 

nv]6\g hfFbf ;fF9] yk cfqmds 

eO{ rf/ hgfnfO{ 3fOt] agfPsf] 

k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

df]6/;fOsnsf] lgx'Fdf cfTdxTof 

cleefjsn] df]6/;fOsn 

glslglbPsf] lgx'Fdf dxf]Q/L 

lhNnfsf] lkk/f ufpFkflnsfdf 

dª\unaf/ Ps ljBfyL{n] 

cfTdxTof u/]sf 5g\ . lhNnf k|x/L 

sfof{no dxf]Q/Lsf k|x/L gfoa 

pk/LIfs vu]Gb|axfb'/ v8\sfsf 

cg';f/ lkk/f ufpFkflnsf–^ 

/tf}nL ufpFdf :yfgLo @! jifL{o 

cflzif d'lvofn] 3/ glhs} 

/x]sf] cfFksf] ?vdf em'l08P/ 

cfTdxTof u/]sf x'g\ . 

ljBfno elTsFbf k7gkf7gdf ;d:of 

a}t8L -h;_– s]xL lbgb]lv nuftf/sf] jiff{n] dª\unaf/ ;'g{of 

ufpFkflnsf–& s7d8fl:yt s]bf/ dfWolds ljBfnosf] cf7 sf]7] 

ejg elTsPsf] 5 . ejg elTsFbf ? b'O{ s/f]8 a9Lsf] Iflt ePsf] 

ljBfnon] hgfPsf] 5 . jiff{tn] ljBfno ejgsf] 5t k"0f{¿kdf gi6 

ePsf] ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks jL/]Gb|axfb'/ rGbn] atfP . ejgsf] 

5t elTsPkl5 ljBfnosf] k':tsfno k"0f{¿kdf gi6 ePsf] 5 eg] 

sDKo'6/df ;d]t Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . pgn] rg], æljBfno ejg elTsFbf 

? b'O{ s/f]8 a9Lsf] Iflt ePsf] 5 .Æ 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

pBf]u dGqfno 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf ] sfof{nosf] 

sDkgL vf/]h ul/Psf] ;"rgf 

o; sfof{nodf ldlt @)^%÷!!÷)% df btf{ ePsf] 

k|f=ln= g+ ^)$(& sf] dN6LsNr/n NofªUj]h P08 sG;N6]G;L 

k|f=ln= gfds sDkgL o; sfof{nosf] ldlt @)&%÷)%÷)# sf] 

lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf !#^ -s_ adf]lhd 

btf{ vf/]h ul/Psf] Joxf]/f ;DaGwLt ;a}sf] hfgsf/Lsf] nflu 

of] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . 

sDkgL /lhi6«f/ 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/j{tg ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf] ldlt @)&%÷)$÷!& df ;DkGg 

jflif{s÷ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;fljs sDkgL 

z'esfdgf 6«fen P08 6';{ k|f=ln= -k|f=ln= g+ !^!)%*_ sf] gfddf 

/x]sf] ;Dk'0f{ rn crn ;DktL tyf ltg'kg]{ s/ bfloTj÷cGo 

bfloTj cfbL kl/jlt{t sDkgL]n] ;sfg]{ Joxf]g]{ ul/ sDkgL 

/lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 ;d]t ldlt @)&%÷)$÷@* sf] lg0f{o 

cg';f/ sDkgLsf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/ lelh6 z'esfdgf 6«fen 

P08 6';{ k|f=ln sfod ul/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

lelh6 z'esfdgf 6«fen P08 6';{ k|f=ln 

kf]v/f pk=d=g=kf=–&, sf:sL, u08sL 

sDkgLsf] gfd kl/j{tg ;DaGwL ;"rgf 

o; sDkgLsf] ldlt @)&%÷)$÷!# df ;DkGg 

jflif{s÷ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;efsf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;fljs sDkgL 

P;=cfO{=Pg= O{lGhlgol/ª\u sG;N6]G;L k|f=ln= -k|f=ln= g+= 

!$&#%!_ sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;Dk'0f{ rn crn ;DktL tyf 

ltg'kg]{ s/ bfloTj÷cGo bfloTj cfbL kl/jlt{s sDkgL] 

k|f=ln=n] ;sfg]{ Joxf]g]{ ul/ sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 

;d]t ldlt @)&%÷)$÷@@ sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ sDkgLsf] gfd 

kl/jt{g ul/ lgdf{08' O{lGhlgol/ª\u ;]jf k|f=ln sfod ul/Psf] 

hfgsf/L u/fO{G5 . 

lgdf{08' O{lGhlgol/ª\u ;]jf k|f=ln 

sf=d=g=kf=–(, sf7df8f}+, afudtL 

k|b]z ;f+;b tyf 

k|b]z dfldnf tyf sfg"g 

;ldlt ;efklt bfdfs'df/L 

zdf{n] kF'hLut vr{ cem} klg 

/fd|f];Fu vr{ x'gg;s]sf] eGb} 

To;nfO{ ;'wf/ u/]/ hfg'kg]{ 

;'emfj lbP . 

sfo{qmddf t'n;Lk'/ 

pkdxfgu/kflnsf, /fhk'/, 

aaO, /fKtL, bª\uLz/0f / 

aª\unfr'nL, hg:jf:Yo, 

e"ld hn;|f]t l;FrfO, lhNnf 

e"–;+/If0f sfof{no, lhNnf 

3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u sfof{no, 

;]n{8, l;;f g]kfn, dfgj 

sNof0f tyf jftfj/0f, l;FrfO 

ljsf;, kl/jf/ lgof]hg u/]/ 

@! ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L 

;+:yfn] ut jif{ ;Dkfbg 

ePsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|:t't 

u/]sf] lhNnf ;dGjo clwsf/L 

s[i0fk|;fb uf}tdn] atfP . 

df]km;n 

;fd'bflos ljBfno 

Zf"Go b/aGbLdf ;~rfng 

Gfjnk/f;L -h;_– klZrd 

gjnk/f;Ldf $% ;fd'bflos 

ljBfno lzIfssf] Zf"Go 

b/aGbLdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf 

5g\ . lzIff ljsf; tyf ;dGjo 

OsfO klZrd gjnk/f;Lsf 

cg';f/ xfn;Dd lzIfssf] z"Go 

b/aGbLdf jiff}{b]lv tL ;fd'bflos 

ljBfno ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf 

x'g\ . xfn;Dd lzIfssf] Zf"Go 

b/aGbLdf ;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf 

ljBfnonfO{ o; jif{ lzIfs egf{ 

ug{ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 

OsfOsf k|d'v bLk]Gb| 9sfnn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . 

9sfnsf cg';f/ ljBfnodf 

ljBfyL{sf] ;ª\Vofsf cfwf/df 

o;cufj} lzIfssf] b/aGbLlag} 

;~rfng x'Fb} cfPsf ;fd'bflos 

ljBfnonfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{ Go"gtd 

Pp6f ljBfnonfO{ Ps b/aGbLsf] 

lzIfs kg]{ u/L ah]6 Joj:yfkg 

ul/Psf] xf] . xfn;Ddsf] cj:yfdf 

klZrd gjnk/f;Ldf cfwf/e"t 

tx sIff Psb]lv kfFr sIff;Dd 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf] nflu 

xfdLnfO{ ;Demg'xf];\ . 

lk; g]kfn cf]e/l;h k|f=ln= 

>d Ohfht g+= ^%*÷)^#÷)^$ 

wfkf;L, sf7df8f}+ 

kmf]g M )!–$#*@@%! 

b'O{, cfwf/e"t tx sIff 5b]lv 

cf7 sIff;Dd @( / dfWolds 

tx sIff gfF}b]lv !) sIff;Dd 

!$ ;fd'bflos ljBfno lzIfssf] 

Zf"Go b/aGbLdf ;~rfngdf 5g\ 

o;/L jiff}{b]lv Zf"Go 

b/aGbLdf ;~rfngdf /x]sf 

oL ;fd'bflos ljBfno :yfgLo 

;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng u/L lghL 

;|f]taf6 ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf] 

cj:yf 5 . cleefjs, rGbfbftf 

jf cGo bftfsf] ;xof]usf 

e/df ;~rfng xF'b} cfPsf tL 

;fd'bflos ljBfnonfO{ /sd 

ljlgof]hg ePkl5 o; jif{ s]xL 

eP klg lzIfsdf ;xhtf x'g] 

b]lvG5 . 

;fd'bflos ljBfnodf 

u'0f:t/Lo lzIff k|bfg ug{ 

b/aGbL k'gMljt/0f, b/aGbL 

ldnfg, cfjZos /x]sf] OsfOsf 

k|d'v 9sfnn] atfP . klZrd 

gjnk/f;Lsf ;ft :yfgLo txdf 

@)% ;fd'bflos ljBfno /x]sf 

5g\ . 

5fnfhGo /f]usf la/fdL a9\b} 

s~rgk'/ -h;_– 

s~rgk'/sf] z'SnfkmfF6f 

gu/kflnsf If]qleq 

/x]sf :jf:Yo rf}sLdf 5fnfhGo 

la/fdLsf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} uPsf] 

5 . b}lgs :jf:Yo rf}sLdf 

pkrf/sf nflu k'Ug] la/fdLdWo] 

$% k|ltzt eGbf a9L la/fdLdf 

5fnfsf] ;d:of b]vfk/]sf] 

xf] . gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf 

lktfDa/, emnf/L, lkknf8L 

:jf:Yo rf}sL / aG;fxf zx/L 

:jf:Yo s]Gb|df b}lgs pkrf/sf 

nflu tLg ;o a9L la/fdL k'Ug] 

u/]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z la/fdLdf 

5fnf lrnfpg], bfb, PnhL{, 

kmf]sfkm'G;Lnufotsf ;d:of 

b]vfkg]{ u/]sf] gu/kflnsfsf] 

:jf:Yo zfvf k|d'v tLy{/fh 

e§n] atfP . 

pgsf cg';f/ rf/j6} 

:jf:Yo ;+:yfdf u/L b'O{ dlxgfsf] 

cjlwdf b'O{ xhf/ 5 ;o a9L 

5fnfsf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ 

ul/Psf] 5 . 5fnfsf] ;d:of 

;a}eGbf a9L dlxnfdf b]vfk/]sf] 

5, pgn] rg], æ5fnfsf] ;d:of 

lnP/ cfpg] la/fdLdWo] () 

k|ltzt dlxnf /xg] u/]sf 

5g\ .Æ JolQmut ;/;kmfOsf] 

sdL, 3fF;kft sf6\g v]tdf 

hfFbf ljiffn' ls/f 5f]OFbf, w'nf] 

df6f]sf] sf/0f, a9\bf] udL{, 

ahf/ If]qdf laiffbLsf] k|of]u 

u/L ksfOPsf kmnkm"nsf] k|of]u 

ugf{n] 5fnfsf] ;d:of b]lvg] 

u/]sf] pgn] atfP . 

;k{b+zsf la/fdL a9\b} 

s~rgk'/sf] ch'{gLl:yt 

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Jof/]sdf /x]sf] 

;k{b+z pkrf/ s]Gb|df kfFr 

dlxgfsf] cjlwdf !@^ ;k{n] 

3l8ofn hf]ufpg df5fkfng 

/Tggu/ -h;_– gf/fo0fL 

/ /fKtL gbLdf 3l8ofn uf]xL 

hf]ufpg dWojtL{ If]qsf ljkGg 

;d'bfonfO{ df5fkfngdf 

;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . lrtjg 

/fli6«o lgs'~h glhssf] gbLdf 

dfgjLo rfk 36fO{ ;+/lIft 

jGohGt' / ltgsf cfxf/fsf 

ljleGg k|hflt hf]ufpg dWojtL{ 

If]qsf af]6], dfemL, d';x/ tyf 

yf? ;d'bfonfO{ df5fkfngdf 

cfslif{t u/fOPsf] xf] . oxfFsf 

ljkGg / gbLdf cfl>t 

;d'bfonfO{ ;Lk l;sfP/ ;Ifd 

agfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u u/]/ 

df5fkfngdf ;xefuL u/fOPsf] 

/fli6«o k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if 

lrtjgsf ;"rgf clwsf/L ;Gtf]if 

e§/fO{n] hfgsf/L lbP . /fli6«o 

k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]if, h'nf]lhsn 

;f];fO6L ckm n08g / lxdfnog 

g]r/sf] ;xsfo{df pQm sfo{qmd 

yflnPsf] xf] . oxfFsf s]xL :yfgdf 

df5fkfng z'? eO;s]sf] / s]xL 

:yfgdf of] jif{b]lv df5fkfng 

z'? x'g] e§/fO{sf] egfO 5 . 

hutk'/l:yt s]?ªuf 

dWojtL{ If]qsf] b'O{ 7fpF / 

gjnk'/sf] lk7\of}nL / b]jr'nLsf] 

tLg 7fpF u/L kfFr :yfgdf 

df5fkf]v/L lgdf{0f u/L :yfgLo 

ljkGg ;d'bfo df5fkfngdf 

;xefuL eO;s]sf 5g\ . o:t} 

k"jL{ lrtjgsf] s'd/f]hl:yt 

b/fOaf]6] df5fkfng ;d"x / 

l;h{gzLn df5fkfng ;d"xn] 

b/fO{ af]6] tfndf df5fkfng z'? 

u/]sf 5g\ . æPp6} kf]v/Ldf tLg 

txdf df5f kfNg ;lsG5 eGg] 

pgLx¿ w]/}nfO{ yfxf 5}g, /fli6«o 

k|s[lt ;+/If0f sf]ifsf /]~h/ Clif 

;'j]bLn] eg], æ:yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ 

;a} ;Lk l;sfP/ df5fkfngdf 

;l/s u/fPsf 5f} F .Æ 

pgLx¿nfO{ df5fkfngdf 

dT:o ljsf; s]Gb| e08f/f 

lrtjgn] k|fljlws ;xof]u u/]sf] 

5 . tLgjif{] sfo{qmdcGtu{t 

pgLx¿nfO{ x/]s kf]v/Ldf ? kfFr 

nfv ;xof]u ul/Psf] ;'j]bLn] 

atfP . v}/xgL gu/kflnsf–!@ 

sL nIdL b/fO{n] ;Lk l;s]kl5 

s'd/f]hsf] b/fOaf]6] tfndf 

df5fkfng yfn]sf] atfP . 

u/La kl/jf/nfO{ df5fkfngdf 

ul/Psf] ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ 5 

eGb} pgn] kf]v/Ldf df5fkfng 

x'Fbf gbLsf] df5f hf]lug] / 

gbLdf x'g] uf]xL;d]t ;+/If0f 

x'g] atfP . lrtjg s7f/sf 

e}/fd b/fO{ / ljsgf rf}w/Ln] 

df5fkfng / uf]xL hf]ufpg] 

pkfosf] af/]df hfgsf/L kfPsf] 

eGb} uf]xL arfpg ;d'bfonfO{ 

;d]t u/fpg] u/]sf] atfP . 

uf]xLsf] d'Vo cfxf/f df5f 

xf] . gbLdf dfgjLo rfk a9\bf 

df5fsf] cefjdf clt;ª\s6fkGg 

cj:yfdf k'u]sf] 3l8ofn 

uf]xLsf] cl:tTj vt/fdf k5{ . 

To;}n] :yfgLojf;LnfO{ j}slNks 

cfoa'waf/{gdf ;xefuL u/fO{ 

uf]xL hf]ufpg] sfo{qmd yflnPsf] 

xf] . 

6f]s]sf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ul/Psf] 

5 . j}zfvsf] t];|f] ;ftfb]lv 

xfn;Dd ;k{n] 6f]s]sf la/fdLn] 

pkrf/ ul/Psf] xf] . h;dWo] 

;f]xL cjlwdf bz hgfnfO{ 

laiffn' ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] / cf7 

;k{n] 6f]s]sf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ 

x'g g;s]kl5 cGoq pkrf/sf 

nflu k7fOPsf] pkrf/ s]Gb|sf 

k|fljlws ;'j]bf/ bLk]Gb|axfb'/ 

sfsL{n] atfP . 

laiffn' ;k{n] 6f]s]/ cGoq 

pkrf/sf nflu k7fOPsfdWo] 

Pssf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . ;k{sf] 

6f]sfOaf6 pkrf/sf nflu k'Ug]df 

() k|ltzt dlxnf /x]sf 5g\ . 

;k{n] 6f]s]kl5 pkrf/sf nflu 

cfpg]df u|fdL0f If]qdf a;f]jf; 

ug]{ ljkGg kl/jf/, ls;fg, 

blnt / hghflt ;d'bfosf 

JolQm a9L 5g\ . 

3/n] RoflkP/ 

Ps} kl/jf/sf 

kfFrsf] d[To' 

;Nofg -h;_– ;Nofgdf 

uP /flt 3/n] RoflkP/ Ps} 3/sf 

kfFrsf] d[To' ePsf] 5 . afurf}/ 

gu/kflnsf–$ l;dvf]nLdf 

3/ elTsFbf Ps} 3/sf kfFrsf] 

RoflkP/ d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] Ps 

3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . d[To' x'g]df 

#( jifL{o /fdl;+x sfdL, pgsL 

#% jifL{of >LdtL /fdsnf 

sfdL, pgsL ^ jifL{of 5f]/L 

uª\uf sfdL, kfFr jifL{of 5f]/L 

k|ldnf sfdL / rf/ jifL{o 5f]/f 

?knfn sfdLsf] d[To' ePsf] 

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Nofgn] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

d[ts /fdl;+xsf] Pstn] 

3/sf] blng / kvf{n elTsPkl5 

RoflkP/ kfFrsf] 36gf:ynd} 

d[To' ePsf] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no 

;Nofgsf k|x/L gfoa pk/LIfs 

jL/]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLn] hfgsf/L 

lbP . 36gfnuQ} :yfgLon] 

k|x/LnfO{ va/ u/]kl5 l;dfvf]nL 

k|x/L rf}sL tyf Onfsf k|x/L 

sfof{no yf/df/]af6 uPsf] 

6f]nLn] p4f/ u/]sf] k|x/L gfoa 

pk/LIfs zfxLn] hfgsf/L lbP . 

clxn] k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lsf] 

g]t[Tjdf 6f]nL 36gf:yndf 

k'u]sf] zfxLsf] egfO /x]sf] 

5 . 36gfdf k/]sL d[tssL !! 

jifL{o 5f]/L ;'lgtf sfdLnfO{ 

hLljt} p4f/ ul/Psf] 5 . clxn] 

;'lgtfsf] cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf] 

k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 . 



ljb]z 

/fi6«;+3Lo cg';Gwfg 

k|ltj]bgk|lt DofGdf/sf] cfklQ 

ofª\u'g -PPkmkL_– ;+o'Qm/fi6« 

;+3sf cg';Gwftfn] DofGdf/sf /f]lxªUØf 

cNk;+Vosdfly hftLo g/;+xf/ u/]sf] egL 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf] k|ltj]bgk|lt Dofgdf/ 

;/sf/n] cfklQ hgfPsf] 5 . uPsf] ;f]daf/ 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ kl/ifb\n] Ps 

k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs ub{} DofGdf/sf ;]gfk|d'v / 

kfFrhgf pRr ;}lgs sdfG8/n] /f]lxªUØfdfly 

;fdfGo Hofblt dfq geO{ g/;+xf/ g} u/]sf] 

hgfPsf] lyof] . ;fy} pQm k|ltj]bgn] o; 

sfo{df DofGdf/sf ;}lgs k|d'v bf]ifL b]lvPsfn] 

pgL / pgsf] sdf08df /x]sf c? rf/ hgf 

pRr clwsf/Ldfly d'2f rnfpg'kg]{ ;d]tsf] 

lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] atfOPsf] lyof] . 

t/ DofGdf/n] pQm cf/f]ksf] eg] 

v08g u/]sf] 5 . DofGdf/ ;/sf/n] a'waf/ 

o:tf] c/f]ksf] s'g} cfwf/ g/x]sf] atfPsf] 

5 . /fi6«;+3Lo clwsf/Ln] ;f]daf/ k|sfzg 

u/]sf] pQm k|ltj]bgkl5 klg DofGdf/sf] o; 

36gfsf] :jtGq / cGt//fli6«o?kdf 5fglag 

ug'{kg]{ hgfOPsf] lyof] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3s} 

tkm{af6 cflwsfl/s?kdf ;f]daf/ of] k|ltj]bg 

;fj{hlgs ePkl5 DofGdf/ ljZjJofkL?kdf 

g} bafadf k/]sf] 5 . DofGdf/sf] /vfOg 

/fHodf u/]sf] lgd{d bdgaf6 hf]lug utjif{ 

cu:6b]lv otf sl/a ;ft nfv /f]lxªUØf 

d'l:nd ;d'bfosf gful/s efu]/ aª\unfb]z 

k'u]sf 5g\ . pgLx? clxn];Dd g} ToxfF cf>o 

lnP/ a:g afWo ePsf 5g\ . 

DofGdf/sf] ;]gfn] g} pgLx?dfly Hofblt 

u/]sf] / /f]lxªUØfnfO{ k[ystfjfbL eg]/ 

pgLx?sf] vf]hLsf gfddf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf 

3/df cGwfw'Gw cfuhgL, xTof / anfTsf/ 

;d]t u/]sf] cf/f]k DofGdf/sf] ;]gfdfly nfUb} 

cfPsf] 5 . t/ o; cf/f]ksf] DofGdf/n] lj/f]w 

u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ul/Psf] elgPsf] of] hftLo 

;kmfofsf] cf/f]ksf] DofGdf/n] af/Daf/ v08g 

ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . DofGdf/n] eg] /f]lxªUØf ljb|f]xL 

ePsf] / pgLx?n] g} u/]sf] cfqmd0fsf] hjfkm 

dfq lbPsf] atfpFb} cfPsf] 5 . DofGdf/ 

;/sf/sf k|jQmf hf xt]n] eGg'eof], æxfdLn] 

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ kl/ifb\n] 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf] elgPsf] k|ltj]bg :jLsf/ 

ub{}gf}F lsgeg] xfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf] of] cfGtl/s 

dfldnfdf cg';Gwfg of s]xL ug{ pgLx?nfO{ 

eg]sf 5}gf}F .Æ pxfFn] DofGdf/ ;/sf/n] cfkm} 

Ps :jtGq 5fgaLg ;ldlt u7g u/]/ sfd 

yfn]sf] atfpFb} olb sf]xL bf]ifL kfOPdf 

sf/afxL ug{] k|lta4tf klg JoQm ug'{eof] . 

t/ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo Ph]G;Ln] 

cgfjZos?kdf Dofgdf/dfly bf]if nufpg] 

u/]sf] pxfFsf] egfO lyof] . Dofgdf/ ;/sf/n] 

clxn] klg o; ljifosf] cg';Gwfg ug{ ;+o'Qm 

/fi6«;+3Lo clwsf/LnfO{ /f]s nufPsf] 5 . 

DofGdf/sf ;]gfk|d'v dLg cfª xfOª;d]tsf 

pRr ;}lgs g]t[Tjdfly 5fglag u/L sf/afxL 

ug'{kg{] egL cfPsf] ;dfrf/k|lt pxfFn] lj/f]w 

hgfpg'ePsf] xf] .;+o'Qm/fi6«;+3Lo dfgjclwsf/ 

kl/ifb\n] dfr{, @)!& df u7g u/]sf] Ps 

ld;gn] ;f]daf/ ;f] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 

xf] . DofGdf/sf] ;]gfsf pRr sdfG8/nfO{ pQm 

k|ltj]bgn] bf]ifL b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ /fi6«;+3Lo 

cg';GwftfnfO{ DofGdf/df k'u]/ cg';Gwfg ug{ 

eg] /f]s nufPsf] lyof] . t/ klg pQm ld;gsf 

cg';Gwftfn] *%& hgf kLl8t / k|ToIfbzL{;Fu 

cGtjf{tf{ lnPsf lyP . pQm ld;gsf 

clwsf/Ln] e"–pku|xLo t:jL/, c? t:jL/;d]t 

lnP/ kLl8tsf] klg cGtjf{tf{ u/]sf lyP . 

;fy} ;+nug c? lel8of]sf cfwf/df cfkm"x?n] 

lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] pgLx?n] atfPsf 5g\ . 

cfqmd0fdf kfFr k|x/L;lxt P3f/sf] d[To' 

O/fs -PPkmkL_– klZrdL O/fssf] cn 

Sjfd gu/df a'waf/ Ps JolQmn] cfTd3ftL 

ad h8fg u/]sf] sf/ k|x/Lsf] u:tLdf nu]/ 

7f]SsfpFbf ePsf] lj:kmf]6df k/L !! hgfsf] 

Hofg uPsf] 5 . pQm sf/ad xdnfdf k/L 

Hofg hfg]df sDtLdf kfFr hgf k|x/L k/]sf 

atfOPsf] 5 . k|fKt ;dfrf/cg';f/ pQm 

cfqmd0f Pshgf JolQmn] cfÏgf] sf/df 

lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ /fv]/ u/fPsf] xf] . a'waf/ 

ePsf] ;f] ad xdnfsf] sf/0f kQf nfUg 

;s]sf] 5}g . ;fy} cfTd3ftL xdnfsf/Lsf] klg 

;f]xL lj:kmf]6df Hofg uPsf]n] yk ;"rgf k|fKt 

ePsf] 5}g . 

pQm gu/ l;l/ofsf] ;Ldf If]qaf6 

glhs kb{5 / pQm ;Ldf If]q O/fsL /fhwfgL 

aUbfbaf6 #$) lsnf]dL6/ 6f9f kb{5 . ;f] 

gu/ kl5Nnf] ;dodf cfOP; n8fs"af6 O/fsL 

;/sf/n] lkmtf{ u/]sf] lyof] . cfOP;sf ;z:q 

n8fs"x?n] pQm gu/nfO{ klxnf sAhf u/]/ 

s]xL dlxgf cfÏgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf lyP . 

;f]xL gu/df a'waf/} laxfg sl/a ( ah]lt/ 

csf{] ad lj:kmf]6 ePsf] klg ;dfrf/df 

hgfOPsf] 5 . 

pQm lj:kmf]6df k/L c? !^ hgf 

;j{;fwf/0f 3fOt] ePsf 5g\ . 3fOt] 

x'g]df kfFr hgf k|x/L klg k/]sf 5g\ . of] 

lj:kmf]6 klg k|x/Lsf] u:tL /x]sf] :yfgdf 

nuL u/fOPsf] lyof] . o;/L cfh ;f] gu/df 

u/fOPsf oL lj:kmf]6 k"j{ lgof]lht ?kdf g} 

ePsf atfOPsf] 5 . 

aL; 3/kl/jf/sf] pl7af; 

g]kfnu~h -h;_– afFs]sf] /fKtL;f]gf/L 

ufpFkflnsf–@ srgfk'/sf afl;Gbf /fKtL gbLaf6 

kLl8t ag]sf 5g\ . gbLn] hUuf s6fg u/]/ aUg] wf/ 

kl/jt{g u/]kl5 To; If]qsf @) 3/kl/jf/ lj:yflkt 

ePsf 5g\ . tLg ;ftfsf] cGt/fndf To; If]qdf 

s/La %) laufxf a9L hdLg s6fg u/L gbLsf] wf/ 

ufpFlt/ ;f]lemPkl5 ;Dk"0f{ a:tL 8'afgsf] hf]lvddf 

k/]sf] kLl8tx¿ atfpF5g\ . /fKtL;f]gf/L ufpFkflnsf–@ 

sf j8fWoIf dbg cf]nLn] /fKtL gbLn] wf/ kl/jt{g 

u/]sf sf/0f tLg ;ftfsf] cGt/fndf dfq} ;f] If]qdf 

s/La %) laufxfeGbf a9L v]tLof]Uo hdLg sf6fg 

u/L gbL ufpFlt/ cfpg nfu]sf] atfP . 

gbL s6fg /f]Sgsf nflu t6aGwsf] nflu 

…hgtfsf] t6aGw sfo{qmdÚ tyf ljleGg lgsfodf 

wfpFbf klg ;'g'jfO gePsf] pgn] u'gf;f] ug'{eof] . 

dª\unaf/ k|b]z g+ % sf ;f+;b s[i0ff s];Ln] 

gbLn] s6fg u/]sf] hUuf cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP . 

cjnf]sgsf qmddf ;f+;b s];Ln] t6aGwsf nflu 

5'§} kl/of]hgf ;~rfng u/L ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg 

ug]{ tof/L eO/x]sf] atfP . æ/fKtL gbLsf] s6fg 

/f]Sgsf nflu 5'§} kl/of]hgf tof/ u/]/ t6aGwsf] 

;fy} gbLn] s6fg u/]sf] hdLgsf] ljsf;sf 

nflu k|b]z tyf s]Gb| ;/sf/af6 ljz]if kxn 

ug]{5'Æ,pgsf] egfO lyof] . 

nfu" kbfy{ ;]jg gu/f}+, ;Eo 

;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/f}+ . 

g]kfn ;/sf/ 

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno 

;"rgf ljefu



v]ns'b÷dgf ]/~hg 

Plzof sk Sjflnkmfo/sf] klxnf] 

v]ndf g]kfn cf]dfg;Fu k/flht 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– sf7df8f}F 

Plzof sk Sjflnkmfo/sf] klxnf] 

v]ndf g]kfnn cf]dfg;Fu 

& ljs]6n] k/flht ePsf] 

5 . g]kfnn] lbPsf] @@@ 

/g k5\ofPsf] cf]dfgn] $* 

cf]e/df # ljs]6 u'dfpb} ;f] 

nIo k'/f u/]kl5 g]kfnnfO{ & 

ljs]6n] k/flht u/]sf] xf] . 

cf]dfgsf nflu vj/ cnLn] 

;jfl{\ws *$ /g agfPsf lyP 

eg] h]zfg dS;"bn] $%, j}ej 

jf6]ug/n] $!, hltGb/ l;+xn] 

#) /g agfPsf lyP . g]kfnsf 

nflu kf/; v8\sfn] Ps ljs]6 

lnP eg] afFsL b'O{ ljs]6 /g 

cfp6 u/]sf] lyof] . 

cfhsf] v]ndf g]kfnsf] 

alnª lg/fzfhgs /x]sf] lyof] . 

g]kfnsf ;GbLk nfld5fg]n] !) 

cf]e/df Ps d]8g;lxt @& 

/g lbP eg] pgn] a'waf/sf] 

v]ndf s'g} ljs]6 lng ;s]gg\. 

To:t} ;f]dkfn sfdLn] s]an 

% cf]e/ alnª u/]/ lagf s'g} 

ljs]6 lnO{ @& /g lbPsf lyP . 

To:t} sKtfg kf/; v8\sfn] & 

cf]e/df Ps d]8g;lxt @$ 

/g lbP/ Ps ljs]6 lnPsf 

lyP . To:t} s/0f s];Ln] ^ 

cf]e/ alnª ub}{ @( /g lbPsf 

lyP . 

o;cl3 g]kfnn] 6; 

xf/]/ klxnf Aofl6+u ub}{ %) 

cf]e/df ( ljs]6 u'dfP/ @@! 

/g agfPsf] lyof] . g]kfnsf 

nflu ;fu/ k'gn] ;jf{lws *# 

/g agfP eg] To:t} pksKtfg 

1fg]Gb| dNnn] $% / cfl/km 

z]vn] #^ /g agfPsf 5g\ . 

s/0f s];Ln] @^, lbk]Gb| l;+x 

P]/Ln] (, sKtfg kf/; v8\sfn] 

*, ;f]dkfn sfdLn] & / ;'af; 

vs'/]nn] $ /g agfPsf 5g\ . 

s/0f s];Ln] !) andf @ 5Ssf 

/ Ps rf}sf xfGb} @^ /g 

agfPsf lyP . g]kfnsf ;'af; 

vs'/]n, ;fu/ k'g / a;Gt /]UdL 

/g cfp6 ePsf lyP . To:t} 

cf]dfgsf an/ df]xdb gbLd, 

cho nfnr]6f / lanfn vfgn] 

@–@ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP . 

Plzog sk Sjflnkmfo/df 

cfof]hs dn]l;ofåf/f xªsª 

k/flht 

Plzog sk Sjflnkmfo/ 

cGtu{t cfof]hs dn]l;ofn] 

xªsªnfO{ k/flht u/]sf] 5 . 

a'waf/ ePsf] v]ndf dn]l;ofn] 

xªsªnfO{ # ljs]6n] k/flht 

u/]sf] xf] . xªsªn] lbPsf] 

!^@ /gsf] nIo k5\ofPsf] 

dn]l;ofn] $@=% cf]e/df & 

ljs]6 u'dfpb} ;f] nIo k'/f 

u/]sf] lyof]. dn]l;ofsf nflu 

zlkms zl/kmn] $(, ;o]b 

clhhn] @%, d'xdb zofxbn] 

@# /g of]ubfg lbPsf lyP . 

xªsªsf an/ gbLd 

cxdbn] $ ljs]6 lnPsf lyP 

eg] tgjL/ ckmhn / Px;g 

gjfhn] Ps Ps ljs]6 lnPsf 

lyP . o;cl3 6; xf/]/ klxnf 

Aofl6+u ub}{ xªsªn] $^=$ 

cf]e/df cn cfp6 x'b} !^! /g 

agfPsf] lyof] . 

xªsªsf nflu aa/ 

Xoftn] ;jfl{\ws %* /g 

agfPsf lyP . :s6 ds]rgLn] 

@^ tyf c+z'dg /f7n] @@ /g 

agfPsf lyP . To:t} d]nfl;ofsf 

an/ ;oh?n O8?;, kegbLk 

l;+x, ;'xf/L cgj/n] #–# ljs]6 

lnPsf lyP . 

a'waf/} ;DkGg csf]{ v]ndf 

;+o'Qm c/a Old/]6\; -o'PO{_n] 

l;ª\ufk'/nfO{ @!% /gn] k/flht 

u¥of] . k|ltof]lutfdf g]kfn;Fu} 

cfof]hs dn]l;of, cf]dfg, 

o'PO{, l;ª\ufk'/ / xª\sª 

;xefuL 5g\ . k|ltof]lutfsf] 

pTs[i6 6f]nLn] oxL ebf} #) 

ut]b]lv o'PO{df x'g] Plzof 

skdf v]Ng]5 . 

Plzog u]D;df Kof/fUnfOl8ªdf g]kfnn] /ht lhTof] 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– g]kfnn] xfn hf/L 

Plzog u]D;df Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] l6d 

qm; sG6«L Oe]G6sf] k'?if 6f]nLn] /ht 

kbs lht]sf] 5 . Plzof8sf] ^& jif]{ 

Oltxf;df g]kfnn] bf];|f] k6s /ht lht]sf] 

xf] . O08f]g]l;ofdf hf/L !*cf} ;+:s/0fsf] 

Plzof8cGtu{t Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] k'?if 

qm; sG6«L :kwf{sf] clGtd r/0fsf] v]ndf 

g]kfnn] /ht xft kf/]sf] xf] . hfsftf{l:yt 

u'g'ª df; k'gsfsdf ePsf] v]ndf g]kfnn] 

/htkbs kSsf u/]sf] xf] . k|ltof]lutfdf 

:j0f{kbs eg] hfkfgn] xft kfof]{ . 

g]kfnsf] o; Plzog u]D;df klxnf] 

kbs xf] eg] clxn];Ddsf] Plzog u]D;sf] 

of] bf];|f] /ht kbs xf]. o;cl3 ;g\ !((* 

df yfONof08sf] a}ssdf ePsf] Plzof8df 

t]SjfGbf]sL ;ljtf /fhe08f/Ln] g]kfnnfO{ 

/ht kbs lbnfPsL lyOg\ . g]kfnn] 

sf7df8f}F -h;_– PPkm;L 

o"–!^ dlxnf RoflDkogl;k 

5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf nflu 

g]kfnL km'6an 6f]nLsf nflu 

aGb k|lzIf0f z'? ul/Psf] 

5 . g]kfndf cfufdL c;f]h 

# ut]b]lv cfof]hgf x'g] pQm 

5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf nflu @# 

dlxnf v]nf8L aGb k|lzIf0fdf 

5g\ . 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] 

;d"x …O{Ú df /x]sf] g]kfnn] 

cfOtaf/af6 aGb k|lzIf0f 

yfn]sf] g]kfnL 6f]nLsf d'Vo 

k|lzIfs u+uf u'?ªn] hfgsf/L 

lbOg . 

aGb k|lzIf0fdf ;fljqL 

ls;fg, k"hf yfkf, sl/gf 

lwdfn, v':df /fO{, k'ikf u'?ª, 

;'/Iff l;+x, ;ljgf rf}w/L, 

o;cl3sf Plzof8df t]SjfGbf], alS;ª / 

s/ft] u/L @# kbs lhTg ;kmn ePsf] 

lyof] . g]kfn hfkfgeGbf @& c+sn] dfq} 

kl5 k/]sf] lyof] . kfrf} /fp08sf] v]n 

;lsFbf g]kfnn] !! xhf/ #^$ c+s dfq 

agfpg ;Sof] . To:t} klxnf] :yfgdf /x]sf] 

hfkfgn] eg] !! xhf/ #(! c+s hf]8\of] . 

qm; sG6«Ldf g]kfnsf ;a} v]nf8Ln] 6f:s 

k"/f u/]sf lyP . Kof/fUnfOl8ªsf] l6d qm; 

sG6«Ldf kfFr v]nf8L x'G5g\ . g]kfnL 6f]nLdf 

ljdn clwsf/L, o's]z u'?ª, ljho uf}td, 

;'zLn u'?ª / ljzfn yfkf lyP . 

t]O; v]nf8L aGb k|lzIf0fdf 

dgdfof kl/of/, lk|tL /fO{, 

;'idf tfdfª, dlgiff lji6, 

cl:dtf rf}w/L, ;ljtf 

/fgfdu/, lglstf yf]s/, rGb|f 

e08f/L, ;'/Iff ;'qmLof, dlgsf 

3tL{du/, d'gf du/, >Liff 

sfsL{, ;'lgtf ;'gf/, ;hgL 

yf]s/, dlGb/f /lx / h'g' du/ 

;xefuL 5g\ . 

5gf]6sf] nflu g]kfnn] 

klxnf] r/0fdf @# v]nf8LnfO{ 

aGb k|lzIf0fdf /fv]sf] xf] . aGb 

k|lzIf0fdf e'6fgdf xfn} ;DkGg 

o"–!% ;fkm RoflDkog;Lk 

v]n]sf clwsf+z v]nf8L 5g\ . 

d'Vo k|lzIfs u'?ª;lxt 

;xfos k|lzIfsdf Zofd 

dfgGw/ / uf]nlsk/ k|lzIfsdf 

ljgf]b dxh{g tyf 6f]nLsf] 

Joj:yfksdf gGbsnf yfkf 

/x]sf 5g\ . 

5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf] 

;d"x …O{Ú df g]kfn;lxt 

lkmlnlkG;, dn]l;of / Dofgdf/ 

/x]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f} Fdf cfufdL 

c;f]h # b]lv & ut];Dd x'g] pQm 

k|ltof]lutfcGtu{t g]kfnn] klxnf] 

v]n c;f]h # ut] lkmlnkG;;Fu, 

bf];|f] v]n % ut] Dofgdf/ tyf 

clGtd v]n & ut] dn]l;of;Fu 

v]Ng]5 . o"–!^ dlxnf RoflDko;Lk 

;g\ @)!( df yfONofG8df 

x'g]5 . 5gf]6 k|ltof]lutfsf ;a} 

v]n xNrf]sl:yt ;z:q k|x/L 

ansf] v]n d}bfgdf x'g]5g\ . 

;d"x ljh]tfn] bf];|f] r/0fsf] ofqf 

to ug] { 5 . 

…sl:ds neÚsf] uLt ;fj{hlgs 

sf]of s6/sf] eGb} k|zfGt / bLof 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– rnlrqsf] 

5fof+sg k'/f gx'Fb} uLt tyf kf]i6/ 

;fj{hlgs u/]/ rnlrqsf] k|rf/ yfNg] 

k/Dk/f kl5Nnf] ;do ;fdfGo eO;s]sf] 

5 . o:t}df 5fof+sg/t rnlrq …sl:ds 

neÚn] Ps uLt ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . 

…sf]of s6/sf]Ú af]n /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs 

uLtdf rnlrqsf d'Vo snfsf/ k|zfGt 

tfd|fsf/, lbof df:s], l/hg yfkf, k"hg 

yfkf / /fhf/fd kf}8]nsf] clego b]Vg 

;lsG5 . 

/fdrGb| sfÏn] / nIdL :ofË6fËsf] 

:j/ /x]sf] uLtdf ;+uLt eg] afa'n lu/Ln] 

lbPsf 5g\ . lbg]z ;'a]bLsf] zAb /x]sf] 

uLt dfyL snfsf/ grfpg] sfd eg] 

/ljg zfxn] u/]sf x'g\ . d'eL d]s;{sf] 

Aofg/df lgdf{0f yflnPsf] …s:dLs neÚ 

;fd|f1Lsf] …OG6' ldG6' nG8gdfÚ sf] 

6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– cleg]qL ;fd|1L 

/fHonIdL zfx clelgt …OG6' ldG6' 

nG8gdfÚ rnlrqsf] clkml;on 6«]n/ 

lnlnh ul/Psf] 5 . …p8fof] xfjfn]Ú 

uLtn] rrf{ lbnfPkl5 lgdf{0f o'lg6n] 

yk rrf{sf] nflu 6«]n/ NofOPsf] xf] . 

6«]n/df ;fd|f1L / gjcleg]tf lw/h 

du/sf] k|]d / prf/ r9fjn] k|yfldstf 

kfPsf] 5 . 

;fd|f1L / lw/h a9L 

b]vfOPsf] 6«]n/n] rnlrqk|lt sf}t'xntf 

hufpF5 . clwsf+z 5fofFsg nG8gdf 

ul/Psf] rnlrq k|]dsyfdf cfwfl/t 5 . 

k|]dsyf ?rfpg] bz{ssf nflu …OG6' ldG6' 

nG8gdfÚ ultnf] Kofs]h ePsf] lgb]{zs 

/]gfzf jfGtjf /fO{n] atfOg\ . /fO{sf] of] 

8]Ao' rnlrq xf] . 

k|Hjnzdz]/ ha/f / k|e'zdz]/ 

ha/fn] ldn]/ agfPsf] of] rnlrq cfO{ 

sf]/ lkmNd:sf] Aofg/df ag]sf] xf] . 

;'n]vf /fO{, a;Gt tfdfª / ;'lidtf 

lh/]n ;xlgdf{tf /x]sf] rnlrqsf] 

n]vs cledGo' bLlIft / /]gfzg} /x]sL 

5g\ . c;f]h % ut]af6 b]zJofkL k|bz{gdf 

cfpg] /f]dflG6s ne:6f]/L rnlrqdf 

;fd|f1L / lw/h;Fu} ch{'g >]i7, lbne'if0f 

kf7s, ljho nfdf, ?jL /f0ffnufot d'Vo 

e"ldsf b]Vg ;lsG5 . 

;'/h k|wfgsf] k|:t'lt /x]sf] 5 . ho 

uf}td lgdf{tf /x]sf] rnlrqsf sfo{sf/L 

lgdf{tf dbg tfd|fsf/ tyf ;x lgdf{tf 

ljsf; l;+x k'hf/L /x]sf 5g\ . P; s] 

clwsf/L tyf z]v/ 1jfnLsf] ;+o'Qm 

n]vg /x]sf] rnlrqdf afa'n lu/Lsf] 

;+uLt, P;s] clwsf/L / lbg]z ;'j]bLsf 

uLt 5g\ . 

ne :6f]/L hg/fdf af]s]sf] rnlrqdf 

laP; anfdL tyf P;s] clwsf/Ln] ldn]/ 

lgb]{zg u/]sf 5g\ . k|zfGt tfd|fsf/, 

bLof df:s], ck{0f yfkf, l/hg yfkf, 

k'hg yfkf, /f]lag tfdfª, /fhf/fd kf}8]n, 

k'/g yfkf, b]a dxh{g tyf ;fu/ vgfn 

nufotsf snfsf/sf] clego /x]sf] of] 

rnlrq ltxf/sf] cj;/ kf/]/ k|bz{gdf 

cfpFg] lgdf{0f o'lg6n] hgfPsf] 5 . 

l5l/ªÚ 6«]n/ M ax'klt 

;+:s[ltdfly lkmNd ag]sf] emNsf] 

sf7df8f}+ -h;_– ufos lgdf 

?Daf / ozs'df/ clelgt rnlrq 

…l5l/ªÚsf] 6«]n/ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] 

5 . klxnf] uLt …ltdLn] t dfofdf===Ú 

lx6 ePnuQ} lgdf{0f o'lg6n] 6«]n/ 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf x'g\ . lxdfnkfl/sf] 

ynf] d':tfªsf] k7f/, NofG8:s]k / 

kl/j]znfO{ lrq0f ul/Psf] 6«]n/df 

vf;ul/, nf]dfGyfª If]qdf JofKt 

ax'kltk|yfnfO{ rnlrqn] k]z ug{ 

vf]h]sf] 5 . sfua]gL l/lnhsf] 

bzskl5 ufos ;d]t /x]sf lgdf 

?Dafsf] o;} rnlrqaf6 clegodf 

sdAofs ePsf] xf] . kfZj{ufos 

Pj+ cleg]tf ;d]t /x]sf ozs'df/ 

olx rnlrqaf6 lgb]{zg ;d]t xft 

xfn]sf 5g\ . 

b'O{ klt ePsL o'jtLn] 

ug{'k/]sf] ef}lts, dfgl;s, ;fdflhs 

/ ;f+:s[lts 4G4 rnlrqsf] 

syfj:t' xf] . pkNnf] d':tfªsf] 

;]6 v8f ul/Psf] rnlrqn] ToxfF 

rlNtdf /x]sf] ax'kltk|yfsf] syf 

k]z u5{ . ;'lgn dfy]df k|wfg, 

cfOaL bgf{n / gljg a'9fyf]sLsf] 

lgdf{0f /x]sf] rnlrqdf dfgs[i0f 

dxh{gsf] 5fofFsg, ldng >]i7 / 

;flxn vfgsf] ;Dkfbg 5 . rnlrq 

!@ c;f]haf6 b]ze/ k|bz{gdfr 

cfpFb}5 .

{ 

cy{÷/f]huf/ 

Ps jif{ leq d'n'ssf] cfly{s 

j[l4b/ * k|ltzt M ue{g/ g]kfn 

sf7df8f}+ . g]kfn /fi6« 

a}+sn] Ps jif{ leq d'n'ssf] 

cfly{s j[l4b/ * k|ltzt 

k'Ug] k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 . 

g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf ueg{/ 8f= 

lr/~hLjL g]kfnn] ljut b'O{ 

jif{otf a9b} cfPsf] d'n'ssf] 

cfly{s j[l4b/ cfufdL jif{ * 

k|ltztdf k'Ug] k|If]k0f u/] . 

a'waf/ sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht … 

cy{ ;+jfbÚ sfo{qmddf af]Nb} 

pgn] d'n'ssf] cfly{s j[l4b/ 

* k|ltzt k'of{pg] nIo;lxt 

g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] df}l›s gLlt 

agfPsf] klg :ki6 kf/] . ueg{/ 

g]kfnn] d'n'sdf k|ltkmn cfpg] 

jftfj/0f ;'lglZrt ePsf] 

pNn]v ub}{ nufgL a9fpg klg 

lghL If]qsf pBf]uLx?nfO{ 

cfu|x u/] . 

pgn] Jofkf/ 3f6f 

d'n'ssf] d'Vo r'gf}lt /x]sf] 

pNn]v ub}{ To;nfO{ 36fpg 

klg pBf]uL, Jofkf/Lx?n] ;Sbf] 

kxn ug{'kg]{df klg hf]8 lbP . 

xfn g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ 3f6f !! 

;o ^! c/j k'u]sf] 5 . ;f] 

Jofkf/ 3f6fnfO{ sd ub}{} 

n}hfg] jftfj/0f klg g]kfndf 

ag]sf] ueg{/ g]kfnsf] ts{ 

5 .g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] d'n'ssf] 

cfly{s j[l4b/ cl3 a9fpg 

pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf nufgL 

a9fpg klg a}s tyf ljlQo 

;+:yfx?nfO{ ;r]t u/fpFb} 

cfPsf] 5 . 

a}+s C0f g36]sf]df pBf]uL Joj;foLsf] lrGtf 

36fpg g;s]sf] eGb} k|Zg 

u/] . >]i7n] eg], …d}n] g]kfn 

a}+s;{ P;f]l;P;gsf] cWoIfsf] 

cGt/jftf{ k9]sf] lyP pxfFn] 

b'O{ dlxgfdf @ k|ltzt Aofhb/ 

36\5 eGg' ePsf] lyof] t/ vf]O 

36]sf] < Ú 

otf, To;sf] hjfkm lbb} 

atfP . 

a}+s;{ P;f]l;P;gsf cWoIf 

1fg]G› 9'+ufgfn] ca klxnf] 

q}df;kl5 Aofhb/ 36\g] atfP . 

t/, pgn] a}+sx?n] gfkmf u/]sf] eGg] t'ngf gu/L w]/} gfkmfd'vL pgn] eg], …!@/!% ca{ nufgL 

dfq x]/]sf] / pgLx?n] slt ePsf] cf/f]k ljleGg If]qaf6 u/]sf] a}+sn] !÷@ ca{ sdfpg' 

nufgL u/]/ slt gfkmf sdfP nfUg] u/]sf] u'gf;f] ;'gfP . 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . a}+sx?sf] 

a'waf/ klg cf]ln{of] ;]o/ahf/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–pBf]uL 

Jofj;foLn] a}+sx?n] Aofhb/ 

g36fPsf sf/0f cfˆgf] pTkfbg 

k|lt:kwL{ aGg g;s]sf] u'gf;f] 

u/]sf 5g\ . d'›f ahf/df ;xhtf 

cfPklg xfn;Dd Aofhb/ 

g36\g' ;d:of ePsf] pgLx? 

atfP . /fhwfgLdf cfo]lht 

Ps sfo{qmddf pBf]u afl0fHo 

dxf;+3sf pkfWoIf pd]znfn 

>]i7n] Pp6} q}df;df rf/ 

k6s;Dd Aofhb/ a9fPsf 

a}+sx?n] clxn] ;xh l:ylt 

eO;Sbf klg lsg Aofhb/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–;ftfsf] rf}yf] 

sf/f]af/ lbg a'waf/ klg ;]o/ ahf/ 

cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] 5 . ;]o/ ahf/ 

sf/f]af/ ;"rs rf/ bzdnj &( 

c+sn] 36]/ !! ;o &@ bzdnj #) 

ljGb'df embf{ ;]lG;l6e z'Go bzdnj 

cf7 c+sn] 36]/ b'O{ ;o $& bzdnj 

*! ljGb'df em/]sf] 5 . Ps ;o ^# 

sDkgLx?sf] tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o &$ 

j6f sf/f]af/df 5 nfv rf/ xhf/ 

rf/ ;o #* lsQf ;]o/ vl/b laqmL 

ePsf5g . pQm kl/df0fdf ;]o/ vl/b 

laqmL x'+bf sf/f]af/ /sd !( s/f]8 

@! nfv %^ xhf/ tLg ;o @^ ?k}ofF 

k'u]sf] 5 . g]kfn :6s PS;r]Gh 

-g]K;]_ df a'waf/ !) j6f ;d"xsf] 

sf/f]af/ ePsf]df ;a} ;"rs 36]/ 

ahf/ k'/} /ftf] b]lvPsf] 5 . jfl0fHo 

a}+s ;d"xsf] ;"rs b'O{ bzdnj $* 

c+sn] 36]/ Ps xhf/ !@ bzdnj ^* 

ljGb'df embf{ cf7 s/f]8 ^$ nfv $$ 

xhf/ ;ft ;o ?k}ofFsf] ;]o/ vl/b 

laqmL ePsf] 5 . 

o;}u/L lasf; a}+s ;d"xsf] 

;"rs klg ;ft bzdnj (& c+sn] 

36]/ !$ ;o @! bzdnj !# ljGb'df 

b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;r]tgfd"ns cleofg 

afFs]-h;_–;8s b'3{6gf 

Go"gLs/0fsf nflu lhNnf 6«flkms 

k|x/L sfof{no afFs]n] lhNnfdf 

58\s] r]shfFr / ;r]tgfd"ns 

cleofgnfO{ tLj|tf lbPsf] 

5 . b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu 

6«flkms k|x/Ln] lgoldt 58\s] 

r]shfFr ug' {sf ;fy} ;jf/L 

rfnsnfO{ 6«flkms lgodaf/] ;r]t 

u/fO/x]sf] 5 . 58\s] r]shfFr 

yfn]kl5 sf/jfxL klg XjfQ} a9]sf] 

5 . ;jf/L b'3{6gf sd ug]{ tyf 

6«flkms lgod pNnª\3g ug] {nfO{ 

sf/jfxLsf] bfo/fdf Nofpg 58\s] 

r]shfFr yfn]sf] lhNnf 6«flkms 

k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/L lg/LIfs 

xL/]Gb| /f]sfon] hfgsf/L lbP . 

zx/ / u|fdL0f If]q b'a}df 

58\s] r]shfF Fr yfn]sf] 6«flkms 

k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . k|foMh;f] ;jf/L 

rfns cg'dlt kq -nfO;]G;_ 

lagf / dfbskbfy{ ;]jg u/L 

;jf/L rnfpg] 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ 

5SofpFb} r]shfFh ug] { eGbf 

km/s ?6af6 cfjfthfjft ug] 

kfOPsfn] pgLx¿nfO{ sf/jfxLsf] 

bfo/fdf Nofpg klg 58\s] r]shfFr 

yflnPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 . Ifdtf 

eGbf w]/} ofq' af]Sg] tyf dgkbL{ 

ef8f c;'nL ug]{ a;nfO{ klg 

sf/jfxL ug] { k|x/L lg/LIfs /f]sfsf] 

egfO 5 . pgn] eg], æIfdtf 

eGbf a9Lofq' /x]sf] ;jf/L b]v]df 

k|x/LnfO{ va/ ug{ 'xf];\, o;df :jo+ 

ofq' klg ;hs x'g'k5{ .Æ lagf 

nfO;]G; ;jf/L rnfpFbf b'3{6gf 

ePdf rfnsnfO{ g} ;d:of kg]{ 

6«flkms k|x/Lsf] egfO 5 . …lagf 

nfO;]G; ;jf/L rnfpg' rfnss} 

nflu 3fts xf],Ú pgn] eg], æolb 

nfO;]G; gePsf b'3{6gfdf kg{ 'eof] 

eg] sfg"gn] pgx¿nfO{ g} bf]ifL 

dfG5, aLdf sDkgLn] klg Ifltk"lt{ 

lbg dfGb}gg\, To;}n] sfg"gcg';f/ 

h]n ;hfob]lv hl/jfgf tyf 

Ifltk"lt{;d]t e/fpg'kg]{ x'G5.Æ 

o:t} b'3{6gf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu 

6«flkms k|x/Ln] g]kfnu~h sf]xnk'/ 

;8s v08sf ljleGg :yfgdf 

;r]tgfd"ns af]8{ nufPsf] 5. … 

sf]xnk'/ ;8s v08sf] lkk/Ldf 

afOs :s]Nn]6g /flvPsf] 5,Ú 6«flkms 

r]skf]i6 /femfsf OGrfh{ lbgzs'df/ 

kl08tn] eg], æg]kfnu~h sf]xnk'/ 

;8s v08df b}lgsh;f] b'3{6gf 

a9\b} uPsf sf/0f a9L b'3{6gf x'g] 

:yfgdf b'3{6gf ePsf] afOs /fv]/ 

;r]tLs/0f ul/Psf] xf] .Æ pgn] 

cToflws ;8s b'3{6gf x'g] cGo 

7fpFdf o:tf hgr]tgfd"ns af]8{ 

/fVg] of]hgf /x]sf] klg atfP . 

;a}eGbf a9L df]6/;fOsn b'3{6gfdf 

kg]{ x'Fbf pgLx¿sf nflu ;r]tgfd"ns 

sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5, o;n] 

b'3{6gf Go"lgs/0fdf ;xof]u k'Ug] 

ljZjf; OGrfh{ kl08tsf] 5 . 

$# lbgdf ? !@ nfv 

/fhZj 

lhNnf 6«flkms sfof{no 

afFs]n] ;fpg ! ut]b]lv ebf} !@ 

ut];Dddf ? !@ nfv !% xhf/ 

kfFr ;o /fhZj ;ª\sng u/]sf] 

5 . ;fpg dlxgfdf dfq} 6«flkms 

lgod ljk/Lt rn]sf ;jf/L 

;fwgdWo] ;a}eGbf w]/} &!! 

j6f df]6/;fOsn sf/jfxLdf 

k/]sf 5g\ . ;f]xL cjlwdf %#( 

j6f 6«s, @$! hLk, sf/, !#( 

a; / *$ j6f cGo -c6f] 

l/S;fnufot_ ;jf/L ;fwg 

sf/jfxLdf k/]sf] lhNnf 6«flkms 

k|x/L sfof{no afFs]sf] tYofª\s 

5 . tYofª\scg';f/ ;fpg ! 

ut]b]lv xfn;Dd gf} j6f uDeL/ 

vfnsf b'3{6gf ePsf 5g\ . 

b'3{6gfdf b'O{ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] 

5 . k|x/L lg/LIfs /f]sfosf 

cg';f/ uDeL/ vfnsf b'3{6gfsf] 

b/ klg pRr /x]sf] 5 . ;fdfGo 

vfnsf b'3{6gf cTolws /x] klg 

/]s8{ eg] /flvFb}g . sf/jfxLdf 

kg]{df clwsf+z !) b]lv #) jif{ 

pd]/ ;d"xsf lagf nfO;]G; 

tLj| ultdf ;jf/L rnfpg]sf] 

;ª\Vof w]/} /x]sf] 6«flkms k|x/Ln] 

hgfPsf] 5 . 

embf{ Ps s/f]8 !$ nfv !* xhf/ 

gf} ;o ?k}ofFsf] ;]o/ vl/b laqmL 

ePsf] 5 . a'waf/ hnljB't ;d"xsf] 

;"rs klg ;ft bzdnj (% c+sn] 

36]/ !# ;o ^! bzdnj tLg ljGb'df 

embf{ Ps s/f]8 $) nfv &% xhf/ 

;ft ;o ?k}ofFsf] ;]o/ vl/b laqmL 

ePsf] 5 . lo afx]s a'waf/ lglh{jg 

aLdf, hLjg aLdf, xf]6n, kmfO{gfG;, 

pTkfbgd'ns, cGo / n3'laQ ;d"xsf] 

;"rsdf klg lu/fj6 cfPsf] 5 . 

a'waf/ a9L sdfpg] sDkgLsf] 

;"rLdf k/]sf] ªfbL u'|k kfj/ sDkgLsf] 

nufgL cg';f/sf] gfkmf ePsf] 

5}g .Ú 

o:t} g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf 

ue{g/ 8f=lr/~hLlj g]kfnn] 

;a}sf] k|To't/df pBf]uL 

Joj;foLnfO{ h'g If]qdf nufgL 

u/]klg w]/} ;Defjgf ePsf] 

pgn] eg], …xfdLn] 

x/]s j:t' cfoft ug{'k/]sf] 5 . 

o;n] ubf{ h'g;'s} If]q klg 

nufgLsf nflu elh{g 5 . wfg, 

rfdn, ;'kf/L, sRrf t]n ;a} 

cfoft ug{'k/]sf] 5 . cfoft 

gx'g] s'g} ;fdfg 5}g .Ú 

k|ltlsQf ;]o/ d'No rf/ ?k}ofF !$ 

k};fn] a9]/ Ps ;o &^ ?k}ofFdf 

sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 eg] a9L u'dfpg] 

sDkgLsf] ;"rLdf cu|:yfgdf k/]sf] 

sflnsf dfO{qmf] qm]l86 8]enkd]G6 

a}+ssf] k|ltlsQf ;]o/ d'No kfFr 

?k}ofF !^ k};fn] 36]/ !! ;o ($ 

?k}ofFdf sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . /sd 

sf/f]af/ cfwf/df cu|:yfgdf k/]sf] 

g]kfn OGe]i6d]G6 a}+ssf] k|ltlsQf 

5 ;o @* ?k}ofF clGtd d'Nodf Ps 

s/f]8 #@ nfv b'O{ xhf/ cf7 ;o () 

?k}ofFsf] ;]o/ sf/f]af/ ePsf] 5 . 

ko{6g ljsf;sf 

nflu ;ldlt 

k f ] v / f - h ; _ – u | f d L 0 f 

If]qsf] ko{6sLo ljsf;sf nflu 

kf]v/fdf ko{6g k|j4{g Pj+ xf]d:6] 

-3/af;_ ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 

5 . kf]v/f dxfgu/kflnsf–@# 

rfkfsf]6df ;f] ;ldlt u7g 

ul/Psf] xf] . eLdk|;fb 

k/fh'nLsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t !# 

;b:oLo ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf 

sljtf b]jsf]6f, ;lrjdf 

3gZofd k/fh'nL, ;x;lrjdf 

x]d/fh kf}8]n / sf]iffWoIfdf 

rGb|s'df/L /fgf /x]sf 5g\ . 

o:t} ljZj/fh k/fh'nLsf] 

cWoIftfdf ;ft ;b:oLo 

rfkfsf]6 b]p/fnL xf]d:6] 

;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] 5 . 

pQm ;ldltsf] pkfWoIfdf 

tf/f cof{n, ;lrjdf gf/fo0fL 

k/fh'nL tyf sf]ifWoIfdf nIdL 

k/fh'nL /x]sf 5g\ . 

u08sL k|b]zsf clwsf+z 

ufpF 3/af; ko{6gsf nflu 

pko'Qm ePsf sf/0f ;DefJo 

:yfgdf cfjZos tfnLdsf] 

Joj:yf u/L :yfgLjf;LnfO{ 

To;tkm{ clek|]l/t ug{ ;ldlt 

u7g ul/Psf] u|fdL0f ko{6g 

k|j4{g d~r -le6f]km_ u08sL 

k|b]zsf cWoIf /jLGb|/fh kf}8]n 

atfpF5g\ . u08sL k|b]zdf xfn 

!)) eGbf a9L ufpFdf 3/af; 

sfo{qmd ;~rfng eO;s]sf] 

5 . 



pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ª\3sf] cWoIfdf v8\uL 

d f ] / ª - h ; _ o x f F l : y t 

pnf{af/L pBf]u jfl0fHo ;ª\3sf] 

cWoIfdf lk|td v8\uL lgjf{lrt 

ePsf 5g\ . ;f]daf/ ePsf] 

lgjf{rgsf] uP /flt clGtd 

kl/0ffd ;fj{hlgs ePsf] xf] . 

lgjt{dfg cWoIf rG›axfb'/ 

e§/fO{ -e/t_ nfO{ ^& dt cGt/n] 

k/flht ub{} v8\uL cfufdL tLg 

jif{sf nflu cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt 

ePsf x'g\ . v8\uLn] *$$ dt 

k|fKt u/] eg] e§/fO{n] &&& dt 

k|fKt u/]sf lyP . cWoIf kbsf 

csf{ :jtGq pDd]b\jf/ wd{/fh 

zfSon] ## dt NofP . 

o:t} jl/i7 pkfWoIfdf 

lagf]b Gof}kfg] ljhoL eP . 

o;}u/L pBf]u pkfWoIfdf 

ofdnfn /;fOnL, jfl0fHo 

pkfWoIfdf z]/axfb'/ e08f/L, 

dxf;lrjdf /fdaxfb'/ yfkf, 

pBf]u ;lrjdf ;Demgf 

vltj8f -cfrfo{_, jfl0fHo 

;lrjdf g]q cfFkfufO{ / 

sf]iffWoIfdf ;'lgn af]xf]/f 

lgjf{lrt eP . 

o:t} ;b:ox¿df l8NnL/fd 

vltj8f, s[i0f/fh lu/L, lgd{nf 

rf}xfg, o1axfb'/ sfsL{ / 

of]u]G› lg/f}nf lgjf{lrt eP . 

;ª\3sf] n]vf ;ldlt ;+of]hsdf 

s]bf/ l/hfn / n]vf ;b:odf 

hª\uaxfb'/ sfsL{ / ljlgtf bfxfn 

lgjf{lrt x'g'ePsf] lgjf{rg 

;ldltsf ;+of]hs dx]Gb|hª\u 

tfdfªn] hfgsf/L lbP . s'n 

Ps xhf/ *&^ dtbftf /x]sf] 

;ª\3sf] lgjf{rgdf Ps xhf/ 

&$# n] dtbfg u/]sf lyP . 

h'Dnf k|lti7fg ljB't\ef/ s6f}tLd'Qm 

;'v]{t-h;_s0ff{nL :jf:Yo 

lj1fg k|lti7fg lzIf0f 

c:ktfn h'Dnf dª\unaf/b]lv 

ljB't\ef/ s6f}tLd'Qm ePsf] 5 . 

lbgdf k6s–k6s ljB'tef/ 

s6f}tL v]Kb} cfPsf] k|lti7fgnfO{ 

uf]7Lrf}/ ufpFkflnsfl:yt 

gf}d'n] n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgf 

b]kfnufpFn] !% lsnf]jf6 ljB't\ 

;xof]u u/]kl5 k|lti7fgdf @$;} 

306f lah'nL aNg] ePsf] 5 . 

ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf xl/axfb'/ 

e08f/L / k|lti7fgsf /lhi6«f/ 

ljZj/fh sfˆn]aLr dª\unaf/ 

Ps ;Demf}tfkqdf x:tfIf/ 

ePsf] 5 . 

k|lti7fgsf] ;+/rgf / 

pks/0f b'j} x'Fbf klg ljB't\ 

cefjsf sf/0f hg:jf:Yodf 

k/]sf] k|lts"n k|efjnfO{ Wofgdf 

/fv]/ ljB't\ ;xof]u ul/Psf] 

cWoIf e08f/Ln] atfP . ljB't\ 

cefjdf ck]lIft :jf:Yo pkrf/ 

lbg g;ls/x]sf] c:ktfnnfO{ 

ca ;a} sfddf ;xh x'g] 

/lhi6«f/ sfˆn]sf] egfO 5 . 

ævf;u/L ljB't\ ;]jf k|efjsf/L 

gx'Fbf 7"nf zNolqmof ug{ hl6n 

ePsf] lyof]Æ, pgn] rg], æljB't\ 

lgoldttfn] ;/ntf cfpg]5 / 

pks/0f yk]/ ljB't\ klg yKg] 

/ k|lto'lg6 ? !) ltg]{ ;Demf}tf 

ul/Psf] 5 .Æ ;Demf}tfkZrft\ 

ljB't\ lgoldttfn] cfO;Lo', 

l;6L :Sofg, /Qm ;~rf/ s]G›, 

clS;hg KnfG6 ;~rfngdf 

;xhtf cfpg] ePsf] 5 . ljB't\s} 

sf/0f /f]lsPsf ;]jf ca ebf} 

dlxgfleq} ;~rfngdf Nofpg 

/ ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ k|lti7fgn] 

tof/L u/]sf] 5 . 

lhof]d]6 pks/0f ahf/df 

O6x/L-h;_–lhof]d]6 

6«oflsª k|0ffnLåf/f ;jf/L;fwg 

/ dflg;sf] ultljlw;DaGwL 

oyfy{ hfgsf/L lbg] pks/0f 

6]lnd]l6«S; 6]s k|fOe]6 

lnld6]8n] ahf/df NofPsf] 5 . 

zx/Ls/0f;Fu} dflg;sf] hLjg 

Jo:t aGb} uPsf] tyf a9\bf] 

zx/Ls/0fn] NofPsf] Jo:ttfdf 

y'k|} cfk/flws lqmofsnfk j[l4 

eO/x]sf a]nf of] k|ljlw ahf/df 

NofOPsf] a'waf/ oxfF cfof]lht 

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf hfgsf/L 

aflnsf aLdf sfo{ljlw kfl/t 

a'6jn-h;_–?kGb]xLsf] 

u}8xjf ufpFkflnsfdf afnljjfx 

cGTosf nflu aflnsf aLdf 

sfo{qmd z'? x'g nfu]sf] 5 . 

ufpFkflnsfsf] sfo{kflnsf af]8{n] 

aflnsfsf] aLdf ug{ sfo{ljlw 

kfl/t u/]kl5 aLdf sfo{qmd 

nfu" ug{ nfluPsf] xf] . aLdf 

ug{ afn ;+/If0f sf]ifdfkm{t Ps 

aflnsfsf] nflu ufpFkflnsfn] 

? @) xhf/ tyf cleefjsn] 

l;l6hg a}+ssf @ 

sd{rf/L;lxt % hgf kqmfp 

;'g C0f lbbf clgoldttf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–l;l6hG; 

a}+ssf] Go'/f]8 zfvfdf ;'g 

lwtf] /fv]/ lnOPsf] C0fdf 

clgoldttf ug]{ a}+ssf sd{rf/ 

L;lxt % hgfnfO{ s]G›Lo 

cg';Gwfg Jo"/f], dxf/fhu~hsf] 

6f]nLn] kqmfp u/]sf] 5 . 

l;l6hg a}+ssf] Go"/f]8 zfvfdf 

sfo{/t al/i7 ;'g hfFrsL 

;fldg zfSo,;xfos ;'g hfFrsL 

ljGb]z zfSo / ;'g C0fLx?sf] 

awzfnf / ld6df6{ lgdf{0f ul/g] 

bfª-h;_–t'n;Lk'/ 

pkdxfgu/kflnsfdf rfn" 

cfjdf cfw'lgs awzfnf / 

ld6df6{ lgdf{0f ul/g] ePsf] 

5 . ? rf/ s/f]8sf] nfutdf 

awzfnf / ld6df6{ lgdf{0f ul/ 

g]5 . ;f] sfo{sf nflu k|b]z 

;/sf/n] ? b'O{ s/f]8 tyf 

t'n;Lk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] 

? b'O{ s/f]8 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 

dxTjk"0f{ 6]lnkmf]g gDa/x¿ 

lbOof] . 

3/d} a;]/ pQm 

pks/0fn] x/]s ultljlwsf] 

hfgsf/L lbg] pks/0fsf] 

d'Vo ljz]iftf ePsf] klg 

hfgsf/L lbOPsf] 5 . 

;jf/Lsf ;wfg;lxt cGo 

pks/0fdf;d]t of] k|ljlw 

h8fg ubf{ ;fdfg x/fP 

jf ;jf/L;fwg k|of]u u/L 

s;}n] cfk/flws sfo{ u/] 

klg Tof] pks/0fn] ;do 

tflnsf;lxt ;a} ;"rgf 

? kfFr xhf/ z'Ns a'emfpg' kg]{ 

ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf aRr'nfn 

s]j6n] atfP . ;f] /sd aL; 

jif{kl5 dfq a}ª\saf6 lemSg 

ldNg]5 . ufpFkflnsfsf ;a} 

j8fdf aflnsf hGdg] ljlQs} 

a}ª\s vftf vf]lng]5 . æ 

aflnsfnfO{ cWoog ug{ o; 

sfo{qmdaf6 d2t k'Ug]5,Æ pgn] 

eg] . 

rfn" cfjsf] ;fpgdf 

ldn]dtf]df ;'gsf] C0f lnbf 

a}+snfO{ ?= @ s/f]8 @* nfv 

#* xhf/ $ ;o ! ?k}ofF %@ 

gf]S;fgL k'of{Psf] cf/f]k nufpb} 

a}+ssf b'O{ sd{rf/L ;fldg / 

ljGb]z;lxt k|fOd sdlz{on 

a}+s,uf]N8 c8L6 l8kf6d]G6, sdn 

kf]v/Lsf cldt/fh ah|frfo{ 

tyf k'/fgf]afg]Zj/sf C0fL 

ne a/fOnLnfO{ k|x/Ln] kqmfp 

u/]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . k|x/Ln] ;'g 

C0f r'Qmf gx'b} lkmtf{ lbg] tyf ck'u 

gu/ k|d'v 3gZofd kf08]n] 

hfgsf/L lbP . awzfnf / 

ld6df6{ lgdf{0fkl5 nfdf] 

;do;Dd df;' e08f/0f u/]/ 

laqmL ug{ ;lsg] 5 . awzfnf 

/ ld6df6{ lgdf{0fkl5 oxfFsf 

afl;Gbfn] :jR5 df;' vfg 

kfpg] 5g\ . 

o:t} t'n;Lk'/ 

pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] 

lbg] ePsfn] of] k|ljlw 

k|efjsf/L x'g] atfOPsf] 

5 . 

kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf sDkgLsf 

tkm{af6 g]kfnsf laqmL k|aGws 

hLjg u}/]n] h'g;'s} cfk/flws 

lqmofsnfk;DaGwL hfGg pQm 

pks/0f Hofb} pkofuL /xg] bfaL 

u/] . ? !) xhf/b]lv @) xhf/sf] 

nfutdf pQm lhof]d]6 pks/0f 

h8fg u/]/ cfˆgf] df]afOn 

PK;af6 3/ aflx/sf ultljlwsf] 

lgu/fgL /fVg ;lsG5 . 

hlGdPsf aflnsfsf] aLdf ul/ 

g]5 . sfo{qmdaf6 e|'0f xTofdf 

sdL cfpg] pgsf] egfO 5 . aLdf 

ug{ aRrf c:ktfn jf k|;'tL 

u[xdf hlGdPsf] x'g'kg]{, hGdbtf{ 

u/fpg'kg]{ / j8fsf] l;kmfl/; 

clgjfo{ rflxG5 . pQm 

ufpFkflnsfdf a:b} cfPsf 

ofbj, s]j6, s'dL{ / nf]w sf]xf/ 

;d'bfodf afn ljjfxsf] k|rng 

5 . 

;'g ;d]t /flv ljleGg ;dodf 

ljleGg C0fLx?nfO{ C0f k|jfx ubf{ 

&$(&=@* u|fd a/fa/sf] ;'g ck'u 

x'g uO{ a}snfO{ ?= @ s/f]8 @* 

nfv #* xhf/ $ ;o ! ?k}ofF 

%@ k};f a}+lsª k|s[of ljkl/t 

xfgLgf]S;fgL k'-ofPsf] cf/f]k 

nufPsf] 5 . pgLx?nfO pRr 

cbfnt kf6g af6 & lbgsf] Dofb 

lnO{ a}+lsª s;"/ tyf ;hfo P]g, 

@)^$ adf]lhd cg';Gwfg sfo{ 

e}/x]sf] k|x/Ln] hgfPsf] 5 . 

a;kfs{ lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] 

5 . a;kfs{ lgdf{0fsf] sfd 

xfn;Dd ^) k|ltzt sfd 

k"/f ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf 

Ol~hgLo/ kjgs'df/ of]uLn] 

hfgsf/L lbP . a;kfs{ 

If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ tyf 

cGo ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug{ 

pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] ? !) 

s/f]8 ljlgof]hg u/]sf] 5 . 

:jf:Yo ;]jf 

• aL/ c:ktfn )!–$@@!(** 

• lq=la= lzIf0f c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h, )!– $$!@&)& 

• kf6g c:ktfn )!– %%@@@&* 

• k|z'tL u[x, yfkfynL, )!– $@%#@)&& 

• dfgl;s c:ktfn )!– %%@!### 

• sf7df8f}+ df]8]n c:ktfn,afuahf/, )!–$@$)*)%÷)^ 

• sflGtafn c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h )!–$$@&$%@ 

• /Qm;+rf/ s]Gb|, afns'df/L, )!–%!*^)^% 

• g]kfn cfFvf a}+s )!–$$(#^*$ 

• la P08 la c:ktfn, Ujfsf]{ )!–%%##@)^ 

• ltnu+uf cfFvf c:ktfn )!–$@^!@%( 

• 6]s' c:ktfn )!–$@%##(^ 

• cNsf c:ktfn )!–%%%%%%% 

• sflGtk'/ 8]G6n x:kL6n, a;'Gw/f, )!–$#*%(!)÷!! 

• g]kfn afy /f]u pkrf/ s]Gb| )!–%%@!@)* 

• cGt/fli6«o afn d}qL c:ktfn, dxf/fhu+h 

)!–$$!%$^! 

• ;dfh 8]G6b c:ktfn )!–$$&!))# 

• lr/fo' g]zgn x:kL6n, a;'Gw/f )!–$#*@#*@ 

• u|f08L O{G6/g]zgn c:ktfn )!–%!%(@^^÷%!%(@^% 

PDa'n]G; ;]jf 

• g]kfn PDa'n]G; ;]jf !)@ 

• sflGtk'/ c:ktfn ltgs'g] )!–$!!!(%& 

• gle{s O{G6/g]zgn c:ktfn )!–$@%*%%$ 

• g]kfn cyf]{k]l8s c:ktfn )!–$(!!&@%÷$(!!@&$ 

• /fli6«o x[bo s]Gb|, afF;af/L, )!–$#&!#@@÷$#&!#&$ 

• ;'d]? PDa'n]G; )!–%))##** 

• eQmk'/ /]8qm; )!–^^!@@^^ 

;'/Iff, PDa'n]G; / sfo{fno 

• bdsn !)! 

• k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no ck/]zg 6f]n k|mL g+ !^^))!$!%!^ 

• k|x/L sG6«f]n !)) 

• 6«flkms k|x/L !)# 

• cfs:dLs k|x/L ;]jf )!–$@@^((( 

• lhNnf k|x/L sf7df8f}+ )!–$@^!($% 

• j}b]lzs /f]huf/ laefu )!–$&*@$%$ 

j}b]lzs /f]huf/ k|a4{g af]8{ M )!–$!)%)%*÷$!)%)^* 

6f]n k|mL g+ !^^))!%)))%



k|e' a}+s / g]kfn cf“vf 

c:ktfnaLr ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–k|e' a}+s 

/ sf7df08f}, lqk'/]jZj/l:yt 

g]kfn cfFvf c:ktfnsfaLr 

cfFvf lzlj/ ;~rfng 

ug]{ ;DaGwL Ps ;Demf}tfdf 

x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . a'waf/ 

;DkGg cfFvf lzlj/ ;~rfng 

;DaGwL ;Demf}tf–kqdf k|e' 

a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

czf]s z]/rg / g]kfn cfFvf 

c:ktfnsf] tkm{af6 k|d'v 

sfo{sf/L clws[t bdg axfb'/ 

3n]n] Ps ;df/f]xsfaLr 

x:tfIf/ u/] . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ 

k|e' a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf 

g]kfn cfFvf c:ktfn;Fusf] 

;xsfo{df ef}uf]lns ljs6tfn] 

kof{Kt :jf:Yo ;]jf k'Ug 

g;s]sf] 7fFpsf lj/fdLx?nfO{ 

nlIft u/L cfFvf lzlj/ 

;~rfng ul/g]5 . 

pQm cfFvf lzlj/ 

ef}uf]lnstf tyf df};d 

cg's'ntfnfO{ dWo]gh/ ub}{ 

cfudL @)&% r}q d;fGtleq 

;DkGg ul/;Sg] sfo{qmd 

/x]sf] 5 . klxnf] r/0fdf 

sf7df08f}, nlntk'/, sfe]| / 

wflbË lhNnfsf ljs6 7fpFdf 

;~rfng ul/g] pQm cfFvf 

lzlj/df nueu !,))) hgf 

cfFvfsf lj/fdLx?sf] ;kmn 

pkrf/ ul/g] nIo /x]sf] 

5 . a}+ssf] cfKmgf] ;fdflhs 

pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t ;~rfng 

ug{ nflu/x]sf] o; cfFvf 

lzlj/af6 ;DalGwt If]qsf 

;j{;fwf/0fn] cfFvf /f]usf] 

;kmn pkrf/ u/fO{ nfeflGjt 

x'g ;Sg] a}+ssf] ljZjfz 5 . 

;fd;ª df]afOnsf] ;le{;\ ;]G6/ bfªdf klg 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–;fd;ª 

g]kfnn] bfªsf] 3f]/fxL l:yt d}qL 

6f]ndf cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s ;le{;\ 

;u/dfyf OG:of]/]G;sf] gfkmf @) k|ltztn] a9\of] 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–;u/dfyf 

OG:of]/]G;sf] sDkgL lnld6]8n] 

ut cfly{s jif{ @)&$/&% df 

@)=%( k|ltztn] gfkmf a9fpg 

;kmn ePsf] 5 . of] sDkgLn] 

ut jif{ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] t'ngfdf 

^ s/f]8 ^* nfv && xhf/ 

?k}ofFn] gfkmf a9fPsf] 5 . of] 

sDkgLn] ut jif{ ## s/f]8 

#) nfv *$ xhf/ ?k}ofF v'Fb 

;f+lu|nf 8]enkd]G6 a}+s4f/f gjlgo'Qm sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–;f+lu|nf 

8]enkd]G6 a}+s lnld6]8n] 

gjlgo'Qm sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 

!) lbg] cled'vLs/0f tyf 

a}+lsË tfnLd ;DkGg u/]sf] 

5 . gjlgo'Qm sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ 

zfvfdf k7fpg'eGbf klxn] 

;fdfhLs/0f u/fpg] / a}+s 

;DalGwt sfdx? tyf gLlt 

;]G6/ ;'? u/]sf] 5 . 3f]/fxLl:yt 

gofF ;le{;\ ;]G6/sf] ;'? ;fd;ª 

g]kfnsf ;le{; Dofg]h/ /fhg 

gfkmf u/]sf] lyof] . o:tf] gfkmf 

cl3Nnf] cfjdf @& s/f]8 ^@ 

nfv )& xhf/ ?k}ofF /x]sf] of] 

ladf sDkgLsf] ljQLo ljj/0fdf 

pNn]v 5 . 

of] ladf sDkgLsf] r'Qmf 

k'FhL %# s/f]8 *@ nfv ?k}ofF 

/x]sf] 5 . o;sf] hu]8f sf]ifdf 

%! s/f]8 &* nfv ?k}ofF 5 . 

o;n] ladf sf]ifdf $* s/f]8 

lgodsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] / 

l;sfpg] pb]Zon] cled'vLs/0f 

tfnLd /fv]sf] xf] . a}+sn] oxL 

ebf} ! ut] b]vL !) ut];Dd 

lbPsf] tflnddf gjlgo'Qm ^% 

hgf sd{rf/L ;xefuL ePsf 

lyP . pQm tflnddf gjlgo'Qm 

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ a}+sn] k|bfg ug]{ 

;]jf ;'ljwf ;DalGw cfjZos 

e§/fO{ tyf cfOPdP; s]o/ 

;le{; Dofg]h/ s'gfn u'?ªn] 

u/] . ljqmL kl5sf] u'0f:t/Lo 

;]jf tyf lg/Gt/ u|fxsd'vL 

;]jf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zo ;lxt 

;]G6/ ;yfkgf ePsf] u'?ªn] 

atfP . 

sDkgLn] o; cl3 sf7df8f}+ 

pkTosf leq ;'Gwf/f, kfsf], 

sdnfbL, hfjnfv]n, uf]+ua" 

tyf pkTosf aflx/ kf]v/f, 

gf/fo0fu9, O6x/L, lj/u~h, 

g]kfnu~h, lj/f6gu/, a'6an, 

emfkf, bfªdf cfˆgf] cflwsfl/s 

;le{; ;]G6/x? vf]ln;s]sf] 5 . 

u|fxsx? dfem k|:t't ul/Psf 

;le{;\ ;]G6/x?n] e/kbf{] Pj+ 

;'ne ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ljZjf; 

sDkgLn] lnPsf] 5 . of] ;le{; 

;]G6/af6 bfª tyf cf;kf; 

If]qsf u|fxsx?n] nfe lng 

;Sg] ;fd;ªsf] bfjL 5 . 

*& nfv ?k}ofF /fv]sf] pNn]v 

5 . o;sf] dxfljkQL hu]8f 

sf]ifdf &( nfv /x]sf] pNn]v 

5 . of] ladf sDkgLn] ut jif{ 

ladf z'Ns cfh{gaf6 ! ca{ *# 

s/f]8 *) nfv sdfPsf] 5 . 

o;n] ( nfv ( xhf/ !^( j6f 

ladfn]v hf/L u/]sf]df gjLs/0f 

ePsf ljdfn]vsf] ;+Vof hDdf 

$@ xhf/ *@% dfq} 5 . o;n] 

ut cfjdf bfaL e'QmfgLdf #@ 

s/f]8 %@ nfv ?k}ofF vlr{Psf] 

5 . o;sf] e'QmfgL x'Fg afFsL 

/sd cem} #& s/f]8 ^$ nfv 

?k}ofF /x]sf] klg pNn]v 5 . 

of] ladf sDkgLsf] k|ltz]o/ 

cfDbfgL ^!=** ?k}ofF /x]sf] 

5 . k|lt z]o/ g]6jy{ #)!=&$ 

?k}ofF 5 . 

tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . 

!) lbg] sfo{qmdsf] 

;dfkg sfo{qmddf af]Nb} a}+ssf 

gjlgo'Qm k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t ;'of]u >]i7n] o; 

lsl;dsf] tflndn] gjlgo'Qm 

sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{s'zntf a9\g] 

/ sd{rf/Ln] o:tf tflndaf6 

cfkm'n] l;s]sf] s'/f k|of]udf 

Nofpg' kg]{ atfPsf 5g\ . 

o;}u/L, lgldQ k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t tyf shf{ tyf dfs]{l6Ë 

k|d'v lgd{ns'df/ >]i7n] o:tf 

sfo{qmdn] sd{rf/Lsf] 

cfTdljZjf;df ;d]t a[l¢ ul/ 

a}+ssf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ yk phf{ 

k|bfg ug]{ atfP . 

df5fk'R5«] a}+s / k|e' OG:of]/]G;aLr 

a}+sf:of]/]G; ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–df5fk'R5«] a}+s lnld6]8 / k|e' OG:of]/]G; 

lnld6]8aLr a}+sf:of]/] 

G; ;]jf ;DjGwL ;Demf} 

tf ePsf] 5 . ;Demf} 

tf kqdf df5fk'5|] a}+s 

lnld6]8sf] tkm{af6 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

;'dg zdf{ / k|e' OG:of]/] 

G; lnld6]8sf] tkm{af6 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

;lGrt ah|frfo{aLr x:tfIf/ eof] . ;Demf}tf cg';f/ ca df5fk'5|] 

a}+s lnld6]8sf u|fxsx?n] s]lG›o sfof{no nufot d'n'se/ /x]sf 

zfvf sfof{nox?af6 ;xh ?kdf k|e' OG:of]/]G; lnld6]8sf] aLdf ;] 

jf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . 

PgcfO{;L Plzof a}+ssf] @ gof“ zfvfx? 

sf:sLsf] Go"/f]8 kf]v/f / gf}8f“8fdf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–Pg cfO{ ;L Plzof a}+ssf] @ gofF zfvf sfof{nox? 

sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f Go"/f]8 

/ gf}8fF8fdf ;+rfngdf 

cfPsf 5g\ . Go"/f]8 kf]v/f 

zfvfsf] a}+ssf ;+rfns 

/fh]G› k|;fb cof{naf6 

tyf cGgk"0f{ ufpFkflnsf, 

! gf}8fF8f zfvfsf] a}+ssf 

csf{ ;+rfns lagf]b s'df/ 

Kofs'/]naf6 pb\3f6g ePsf] 5 . a}+ssf] b]ze/ @$! zfvf sfof{nox?, 

@#% Pl6Pd, !$ j6f PS;6]G;g sfp06/ Pj+ !* j6f zfvf /lxt 

a}+lsË O{sfO{ dfkm{t a}+lsË ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ d'n'ss} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] zfvf 

;~hfn ePsf] a}+s x'g ;kmn ePsf] 5 . 

g]zgn a}+ls· OlGi6Ro'6 / k|e' a}+saLr 

tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–o; ;Demf}tfcg';f/ Pg=aL=cfO{n] k|e' a}+s 

ln=sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] sfo{bIftf ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg tflndx? 

pknAw u/fpg]5 . ;Demf} 

tf cg';f/ k|e' a}+sn] 

cfˆgf] sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu 

g]zgn a}+lsË OlGi6Ro'6af6 

Go'gtd %) nfv a/fa/ 

/sdsf] jflif{s tflnd 

;+rfng u/fpg]5 . pQm 

;Demf}tfkqdf k|e' a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t czf]s z]/ 

rg / g]zgn a}+lsË O{lGi6Ro'6sf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t;+lha 

;'AafaLr x:tfIf/ ePsf] 5 . 

ul/df ljsf; a}+s / Pe/]i6 OG:of]/]G;aLr a}sf;'/]G; 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–ul/df ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8 / Pe/]i6 OG:of]/]G; 

sDkgL lnld6]8aLr a}sf;'/]G; ;]jf k|bfg ;DalGw ;Demf}tf ePsf] 

5 . ul/df ljsf; a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t uf]ljGb k|;fb 

9sfn / Pe/]i6 OG:of]/]G;sf 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t sdn 

uf}tdn] a'waf/ ;Demf}tf kqdf 

x:tfIf/ u/]sf x'g\ . ;f] ;]jf 

cGtu{t a}+ssf u|fxsx?n] Pe/] 

i6 OG:of]/]G;sf ljleGg k|sf/ 

sf aLdf ;]jf k|fKt ug{, aLdf 

z'Ns e'QmfgL ug{, aLdf n]v 

lng tyf aLdf bfaL e'QmfgL ;xh ?kdf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . ;f] ;]jf 

ul/df ljsf; a}+ssf ;Dk"0f{ zfvfx?af6 pkef]u ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 

ldnfOPsf] 5 . 

cf]d / g]zgn nfO{km aLr a}+sf:of]/]G; ;Demf}tf 

sf7df8f} +-h;_–cf]d 8]enkd]G6 a} +s / g]zgn nfO{km OG:of/]G; 

sDkgL aLr a}+sf:of]/]G; ;xdlt 

ePsf] 5 . ;xdltdf a} +ssf] tkm{af6 

k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t laZjdf]xg 

clwsf/L / g]zgn nfO{km OG:of/] 

G; sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 k|d'v sfo{sf/L 

clws[t e/t a:g]tn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf 

5g\ . ;Demf}tfdf a} +sn] cfˆgf u|fxs 

tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ] ljleGg k|sf/sf] hLjg aLdf g]zgn nfO{km OG:of/]G; 

sDkgLaf6 ;xh?kdf ug] { Joa:yf ug] { hgfPsf] 5 . ;Demf}tf dfkm{t 

a} +ssf u|fxsn] a} +ssf %# zfvfaf6 ;a} k|sf/sf hLjg aLdf n]v k|fKt 

ub}{ cfaZos k/]sf] ;do bfaL e'QmfgL ;xh ?kdf lng ;Sg]5g\ . 

;]o/ ;+;f/n] Nofof] P;P; k|f] ;km\6j]o/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–z]o/;+;f/ 86sdn] P;P;k|f] gfds ;ˆ6j]o/ 

;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;ˆ6j]o/df nufgL ug{sf nflu cfjZos 

kg]{ sDkgLx?sf] cfly{s ljj/0fx?, 

nfO{e rf6{ ;ˆ6j]o/, jfrnL:6, 

kf]6{kmf]lnof] h:tf ljz]iftf /x]sf 5g . 

o;sf ;fy} pQm ;ˆ6j]o/df g]kfnd} 

klxnf] k6s nufgL Sofns'n]6/ / 

dfs]{6df nufgLstf{sf] ljZjf; gfKg] 

ld6/ klg /x]sf] 5 . ;ˆ6j]o/df sDkgLsf] ljlQo cg'kftx?, ahf/sf] 

ulx/f];Fu ljZn]if0f ug]{ pks/0fx?, ;fd'lxs nufgL sf]ifx?sf] vl/b 

laqmLsf] ljZn]if0f cflb /x]sf] sDkgL4f/f hf/L lj1lKtdf pNn]v 5 . 

o;sf ;fy} pQm ;ˆ6j]o/n] ahf/nfO{ tndfly ug{ ;Sg] ljleGg 

tTjx?df lgoldt lg/LIf0f ug{ g;Sg] nufgLstf{x?sf] nflu klg 

dfs]{6 slDkm8]G; ld6/ NofPsf] xf] . 

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= @*)÷)^$÷)^% 

d=If]=x'=lg=b=g+= )#÷)&)÷&! 

PgcfOlaPn ;d[l4 km08 ! sf] v'b 

;Dkltsf] d'No !! bzdnj !% k|lt OsfO{ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_– 

PgcfOlaPn ;d[l4 km08 ! 

sf] v'b ;Dkltsf] d'No c;f/ 

dlxgfsf] cjlweGbf z'Go 

bzdnj !$ k|lt OsfO{ 36]/ 

;fpg dlxgf !! bzdnj 

!% k|lt OsfO{ /x]sf] 5 . 

cl3Nnf] dlxgfdf !! bzdnj 

@( k|lt OsfO{ /x]sf] lyof] . 

PgcfOlaPn ;d[l4 km08n] &^ 

s/f]8 $^ nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] 

z]o/ nufgL u/]sf] 5 . cl3Nnf] 

dlxgfdf && s/f]8 *^ 

nfv ?k}ofF nufgL u/]sf] 

lyof] . sDkgLsf] a}s df}Hbft 

@! s/f]8 #* nfv ?k}ofF / 

cGo ;DklQ @ s/f]8 !% nfv 

?k}ofF u/L s'n rfn' ;DklQ @# 

s/f]8 %$ nfv ?k}ofF /x]sf] 

5 . o;sf] cfDbfgL ! s/f]8 

!^ nfv ?k}ofF gf]S;fgdf /x]sf] 

5 eg] vr{ @% nfv ?k}ofF 

/x]sf] 5 . 

;'lrs[t lwtf]kqdf ePsf] 

nufgL dWo]df jfl0fHo a}+sdf 

;a}eGbf a9L d]uf a}+ssf] *& 

xhf/ ^() lsQf, ljsf; a}+sdf 

;a}eGbf a9L ul/df ljsf; 

a}+ssf] $^ xhf/ #%) lsQf, 

n3'ljQdf ;a}eGbfa9L ;fgf 

ls;fg dfOqmf]kmfOgfG;sf] 

@& xhf/ #&! lsQf, 

hnljB'tdf ;a}eGbf a9L 

lrlnd] xfO8«f]kfj/ sDkgLsf] 

$* xhf/ $(@ lsQf, aLdf 

;d"xdf ;a}eGbf a9L Plzog 

nfOkm OG:of]/]G; sDkgLsf] $# 

xhf/ %&# lsQf z]o/x? /x]sf 

5g\ . sDkgLn] ;a} u/L ;"lrst 

lwtf]kqdf s'n &^ s/f]8 $& 

nfv a/fa/sf] nufgL u/]sf] 

5 . 

:k|fO6sf] l/rfh{ ckm/ # nfvn] lht] 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–:k|fO6 

l/k|m]z agfof] l/rfh{ u/fof] 

of]hgf cGtu{t # nfv hgfn] 

#^ nfv eGbf a9Lsf] 6s6fO{d 

lhtL ;s]sf 5g\ . o; of]hgfdf 

k|To]s lbg !) xhf/ eGbf 

a9L pkf]ef]Qmfx?sf] ;xefuL 

x'Fb} cfO{/x]sf 5g\ . l/k|m]z 

P08 l/rf{h SofDk]g cGt{ut 

u|fxsx?n] !) ?k}ofF b]lv % 

xhf/ ?k}ofF ;Ddsf] 6s6fOd 

lhTg ;Sg]5g\ . 

of] xKtfsf] % xhf/ lhTg] 

efUozfnL lah]tfx? xfQLuf}8fsf 

o'js nfdf, hf]/kf6LsL ?lj;f 

/fO{, xfQLjgsf s'df/ sf]O{/fnf, 

vh'/f g]kfnu+hsf 5qktL nfdf 

kz'kltgfy k|f·9df g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 

a}+ssf] ;ftf} PS:6]G;g sfpG6/ 

sf7df8f}+-h;_–g]kfn 

OGe]i6d]06 a}+sn] sf7df8f}+sf] 

uf}zfnfl:yt kz'kltgfy k|fË9+df 

cfˆgf] ;ftf} PS:6]G;g sfpG6/ 

vf]n]sf] 5 . PS:6]G;g sfpG6/sf] 

kz'klt If]q ljsf; sf]ifsf 

;b:o ;lrj 8f= k|lbk 9sfn / 

a}+ssf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t 

Hof]ltk|sfz kf08]n] ;+o'Qm ?kdf 

pb\3ff6g u/] . dlGb/df cfpg] 

eQmhgx?n] k|bfg ug]{ bfg– 

tyf 5Dk'j];Lsf kf;fË v'kf{ 

tfdfË /x]sf 5g\ . of] of]hgfdf 

;xefuL x'g ca s]xL lbg dfq 

afFls /x]sf] sDkgLn] hgfPsf] 

5 . of] of]hgf %)) PdPn, ! 

ln6/, !=%ln6/ / @=@% ln6/sf 

:k|fO6, sf]s tyf ˆofG6fsf 

af]tndf nfu' x'g]5 . of] 

blIf0ffnfO{ ;+sng ug{ sfpG6/n] 

;xof]u ug]{ a}+sn] hgfPsf] 5 . 

g]kfn OGe]i6d]06 a}+sn] 

;+:yfut ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj 

cGtu{t b]zsf ljleGg snf 

tyf ;:s[lt Pjd\ k'/ftflTjs 

If]qdf ;xof]u k'of{pFb} cfPsf] 

5 . o;} ;+:yfut ;fdflhs 

pQ/bfloTj cGtu{t kz'klt 

If]q ljsf; sf]if;+u ldn]/ ljut 

nfdf] ;dob]lv a}+sn] kz'klt 

of]hgfdf ;xefuL x'g u|fxsn] 

:k|fO6, sf]s tyf ˆofG6f ul/b 

ul/ n]jn k5fl8sf] o'lgs 

sf]8nfO{ 6fO{k ul/ #^&^* df 

P;PdP; ug{'kg]{5 . of] of]hgf 

ef› !% ut];Dd nfu' x'g]5 . of] 

ckm/ lagf :6s klg pknAw 

5 . 

If]qsf ljleGg d7dlGb/ tyf 

3f6x?sf] lgdf{0f tyf k'glg{df0f 

ul//x]sf] 5 . kz'kltsf] wfld{s 

dxTj emNsfpg] P]ltxfl;s 

kz'klt ;+u|xfno :yfkgfy{ 

a}+sn] @)&@ ;fnsf] dxfe"sDkn] 

lh0f{ agfPsf] dxf:gfg 

3/sf] k'glg{df{0f ul//x]sf] 5 

eg] kz'klt If]qsf] ;/;kmfO{df 

;d]t cfly{s ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 

5 . 

;'/lIft / e/kbf]{ j}b]lzs 

/f]huf/Lsf] nflu xfdL sxfF l;wf} 

;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, xfdL tkfO{sf] Ifdtf 

cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Ldf k7fpg] 5f}+ . 

Kof/f8fO{h OG6/g]zgn k|f=ln= 

av'N8f]n, nlntk'/, kmf]g M %%#$)$@, %%@@)^#, %%##$#% 

E-mail : pparadise@wilnk.com.np, 

Website : www.paradisemanpower.com 

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