"Vulkane am Äquator " (handout SS 2004) - hoststar

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Tungurahua Location: 1.467 S, 78.44 W Elevation: 5023 m Tungurahua is an active stratovolcano also known as the "The Black Giant." It has a 183 m wide crater. Most of the volcano was covered by snow until significant volcanic activity in september/october 1999. Tungurahua is a steep-sided stratovolcano that towers 3 km above its northern base. Historical eruptions from the summit crater have included strong explosions and sometimes lava flows, lahars, and pyroclastic flows that reached populated areas at the volcano's base. The volcano's complex historical record includes sudden, violent eruptions. It causes many tremors in the nearby city of Banos. Tungurahua's lava is mostly composed of basalts. Tungurahua has had at least seventeen eruptions in historical times, its most recent occurring in 1944 when it erupted explosively from its central crater. Tungurahua Volcano, Nov. 2, 1999 Night view of one of many explosive events at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador, that occurred during the continuous extrusion of lava in the summit crater in November and December 1999. In this time-lapse photograph (left photo), glowing lava fragments can be seen blasting into the air and falling onto the upper flanks of the volcano. When the hot fragments hit the ground, they typically continue rolling down the steep sides of the volcano, creating a glowing collar around the summit area. Cotopaxi Location: 0.667 S, 78.436 W Elevation: 5.911 m Cotopaxi is a stratovolcano with a summit elevation of 5,911 m. It has erupted 50 times since 1738. The 1877 eruption melted snow and ice on the summit, which produced mudflows that traveled 100 km from the volcano. The most recent eruption of Cotopaxi ended in 1904. Reports of an eruption in 1942 have not been confirmed. The most recent activity was an increase in steam emissions, melting snow, and small earthquakes from 1975-1976. The symmetrical, glacier-clad Cotopaxi stratovolcano is Ecuador's most well-known volcano and one of its most active. The steep-sided cone is capped by nested summit craters, the largest of which is about 550 x 800 m in diameter. Deep valleys scoured by lahars radiate from the summit, and large andesitic lava flows extend as far as the base of Cotopaxi. The modern conical volcano has been constructed since a major edifice collapse sometime prior 8
to about 5000 years ago. Pyroclastic flows (often confused in historical accounts with lava flows) have accompanied many explosive eruptions of Cotopaxi, and lahars have frequently devastated adjacent valleys. The most violent historical eruptions took place in 1744, 1768, and 1877. Pyroclastic flows descended all sides of the volcano in 1877, and lahars traveled more than 100 km into the Pacific Ocean and western Amazon basin. The last significant eruption of Cotopaxi took place in 1904. Altar Location: 1.68 S, 78.42 W Elevation: 5405 m Altar is an extinct volcano in the middle of Ecuador. It is covered with ice and snow. Many different colored lakes can be found on Altar. Basalts dominate the composition of the volcano. The many peaks of Altar resemble the shape of an altar of a colonial church. The highest of these peaks is Bishop. Incas called this massive collapsed volcano "Capac Urcu," meaning "Almighty Mountain." A rarely visited lake sends a small flow of water from the caldera, which is full of caves. Seeing the mountain as a huge cathedral, Spaniards named it El Altar. They named the northern summit, the Canon, the eastern summit, Tabernacle, and the southern summit, Bishop. Altar is a large stratovolcano of Plio-Pleistocene age with a caldera breached to the west. Indian legends report that the top of Altar collapsed after seven years of activity in about 1460, but the caldera is considered to be older than this. Die 20 wichtigsten quartären Vulkane / vulkanischen Zentren in Ecuador 9
Seite 1 und 2: Vulkane am Äquator „Geologische
Seite 3 und 4: Aufbau eines Vulkans & Ausbruchsmec
Seite 5 und 6: Vulkane als Risikofaktor Beobachtun
Seite 7: were still uninhabited when the fir

"Vulkane am Äquator " (handout SS 2004) - hoststar

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