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16 kenea et al Table 10 value cost of fertilizer use on tef by major production regions’( the results are based on grain yield alone) Reigon year 1982 ‘83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 shoa 1.99 2.14 4.46 5.69 3.80 2.85 4.03 2.65 2.87 4.51 3.88 3.14 Gojam 1.26 1.47 1.90 2.19 1.88 1.93 3.53 1.78 1.93 3.15 2.71 2.61 Arsi/Bale 1.66 1.91 3.71 3.39 2.73 2.04 3.05 1.93 2.45 4.26 3.64 2.90 others 1.08 1.21 2.2 2.47 1.85 1.45 2.33 1.43 1.63 2.69 2.34 1.98 Source ;Adapted from mulat(1995) *Results are based on grain yield. Table 11. Ratio of producer price of tef to fertilizer price Year 1982 “83 ‘84 ‘85 ‘86 ‘87 ‘88 ‘89 ‘90 ‘91 ‘92 ‘93 Ratio 0.56 0.63 1.18 1.29 0.97 0.75 1.22 0.65 0.83 1.36 1.16 0.98 Source; Adapted from mulat (1995) Table 12 method, frequency of weeding, herbicide application and proportion of practicing farmers. Farming system Method Frequency of hand weeding Nazeth Inewary Bake Ada Asendabo-sokoru Gimbichu Adam Tullu Areka (being and mether) Hw+2,4-D Hw Hw Hw+2,4D Hw Hw+2,4-D Hw Hw+2,4-D hw 1-2 NA 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 0-1 1-2 Rate of 2,4- D application (liter/ha) 0.75-1.01 0 0 0.33 NA 0.55 0.4-0.5 NA *HW = Hand weeding practice; NA = Date not available. Labor use Practicing farmers (%) 20,For 2,4-D 100 100 100 100 12 for 2,4-D 26. For 2,4-D N source Tilahun, et al, 1992 Hailu and chilot, 1992 Legesse, et al, 1992 Kenea, 1997 Kasahun, et al, 1989 Kenea (unpublished) Alelign, et al, 1994 Getahun and Tenaw, 1990 Labor requirements of tef production for different activities are variable in different farming systems. Table 13 shown that tef utilizes the largest labor requirement perhectare for all activities in Ada Adet farming systems , but not in kambata and Hadiya,Habro or Bahir Dar. Therefore, the profitability of tef production greatly depends on the value of labor. In areas where labor is a surplus and the marginal value of labor is zero, tef production may be profitable. However, in area where labor is scarce and has a marginal value product, its profitability may be small. Generally ,tef production-activity calendar overlaps with that of other crops and as a result there is usually a competition for labor and oxen power input. Cropping system and rotation practice Tef is usually single planted except that it may be intercropped with rapeseed in Nazerth area (Tilahan, et al., 1992) and with coffee in Hararghe ( storck, et al 1991) . However, tef is suitable to fit into various cropping (sequential, relay double ) and rotation systems. There are as such no definite rotation practices in the different tef growing locations; however, tef is grown on a give field for no more than two
Farming system research on tef 17 consecutive years, in the Nazreth area , tef is rotated with other cereals or pulses( Tilahun, et al., 1992). In Ada, the predominant rotation systems tef wheat-pulse. In sendafa Aleltu, tef is following by pulses (Hailu and Chilot, 1992) In Enewari area of Nothem shewa, tef is often wheat, chilot, 1992). In Enewari area of Northem shewa, tef is often wheat, chickpea, field pea or lentil (Gezahegn and Sherif, unpublished). Pea or lentil (Gezahegn and sheriff, unpublished). Pest and disease problems of pulse crops have forced farmers to reduce the rotation frequency in a given time interval and the land allocated to pulses to pulses and therefore also to tef production. Table 13. labor input in tef production according according to activities and faming systems. A) kambate and Hadiya faming system (peson days per* timad*) Description sorghum Maize Tef Barley wheat Planting 7.3 5.1 10 20.7 15.5 Wedding 9 3 6.8 7 8 Harvesting 4 1.8 5.5 9 8 Threshing 4.2 2.5 7.6 15.6 11 Total 23.9 12.5 30 52.6 42.8 B)Habra faming system(person days per timed) Description Land preparation Planting Weeding Harvesting total Sorghum 16.2 11.7 25 13.9 66.8 Maize 7.4 4.5 10.9 6.8 50 C) Ada faming system (man days per per hectare) Description Land preparation Planting Weeding Harvesting Total Tef 24 6 9 20 59 Wheat 17 5 7 18 47 Tef 17 3.9 13.4 11 25.6 Chickpea 6 6 - 12 24 Barley 6.5 2.9 48 5.6 17.8 Lentil 10 6 12 20 48 D) Adet faming system (person days per hectare) Description Tef Barley Maize Faba Land preparation and planting Weeding Harvesting Threshing Total per hectare 43 40 36 18 137 E ) Bahire Dar faming system (person days per hectare) 21 17 18 9 65 16 52 23 25 125 Description Tef Millet Maize Noug Land preparation and planting Weeding Harvesting Threshing Total hectare 31 18 27 9 85 31 37 35 33 136 17 84 11 17 129 Source: Getachew, 1995; Kenea, 1997; Regassa and Asmare, 1995 Profitability of tef production Wheat 3.3 2.0 2.8 4.8 4.4 Barley 14 6 8 18 46 The profitability of tef production differs in different regions ( Table 14). Despite its highest market value among the cereals, tef may not seem to be the most profitable crop in the regions considered. The magnitude of its profit and rank among crop 4 0 15 10 30 9 0 22 9 40
Page 1 and 2: Narrowing The Rift Tef Research and
Page 3 and 4: Comparative Genomics for Tef Improv
Page 5 and 6: Preface Tef (Eragrostis tef) is an
Page 7 and 8: Welcome Address Hailu Tefera Dear D
Page 9 and 10: improve our research facilities. Th
Page 11 and 12: General • production and Importan
Page 13 and 14: 4 increased by 15.7% as compared to
Page 15 and 16: Birr and the straw 1.7 billion Birr
Page 17 and 18: Faming systems research on tef 9 Fa
Page 19 and 20: Farming system research on tef 11 T
Page 21 and 22: Farming system research on tef 13 T
Page 23: Bako Ambo Weed control Farming syst
Page 27 and 28: 20 kenea et al Comparison of the ab
Page 29 and 30: 22 kenea et al Chilot yirga and Eli
Page 31 and 32: Tef Genetic Resources in Ethiopia
Page 33 and 34: Collecting strategies and Technique
Page 35 and 36: Abebe 30 In situ conservation and e
Page 37 and 38: Diversity for agronomic traits in t
Page 43 and 44: Lodging Diversity for agronomic tra
Page 49 and 50: 50 Likyelesh et al acreage. This be
Page 51 and 52: 52 Likyelesh el al roots are small
Page 53 and 54: 54 Likyelesh et al Table 1. chromos
Page 55 and 56: 56 Likyelesh et al Table 3 percents
Page 57 and 58: Abstract Polyploidy origin of tef 5
Page 59 and 60: Polyploidy origin of tef 61 DNA seq
Page 61 and 62: Polyploidy origin of tef 63 genome
Page 63 and 64: Polyploidy origin of tef 65 McDade,
Page 65 and 66: Seyfu 68 central tiller was checked
Page 67 and 68: Seyfu 70 form grains, the potted pl
Page 69 and 70: Seyfu 72 pollen grains, and seed se
Page 71 and 72: Seyfu 74 sterility was also induced
Page 73 and 74: Seyfu 76 Thought dark treatement fo
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Seyfu 78 laboratory, where the temp
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80 Tareke It is worth mentioning th
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82 Tareke Trotteriana (ccgg) cross
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84 Tareke because of the prepondera
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Qualitative traits in tef 87 The Ge
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Qualitative traits in tef 89 Table
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Qualitative traits in tef 91
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Yield and its components Qualitativ
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Qualitative traits in tef 95 The se
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98 Hailu Hailu Tefera and W.E Peat.
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100 Kantety et al Bai et al. ()1999
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102 kantety et al About 50% of the
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Comparative mapping in tef 105 Five
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References Comparative mapping in t
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Sorrells 110 Sequence analysis allo
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Goals of comparative genetics Sorre
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Sorrells 114 found in the same or o
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Sorrells 116 allows the detection o
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Sorrells 118 Bai, G.,Tefera, H., Ay
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Genetic characterization of tef 121
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Genetic characterization on tef 127
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In vitro manipulation of tef 131 In
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In vitro manipulation of tef 133 ap
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In vitro manipulation of tef 135 Ta
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Agrobacterium mediated transformati
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Abstract Genotype x environment int
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Genotype x environment interaction
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Tef breeding research 157 Progress
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Tef breeding research 159 Selection
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Varieties Recommended and Released
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???????????????????? Tef breeding r
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Agronomy research in tef 167 Agrono
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Agronomy research in tef 169 broadc
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Agronomy research in tef 171 1988;
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Agronomy research in tef 173 chickp
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Agronomy research in tef 175 Getahu
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Physiological research in tef 177 P
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Physiological research in tef 179 i
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Physiological research in tef 181 I
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Physiological research in tef 183 E
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Physiological research in tef 185 m
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Physiological research in tef 187 T
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Physiological research in tef 189 M
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192 Tekalign, et al response trials
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194 Tekalign, et al usually less th
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196 Tekalign, et al Lester and Beke
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198 Tekalign, et al A study was con
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