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-=~ > s : xi- : ,‘A / L’ .Wind Power Systems . a? 27 ’ . added b’y sewing’wider sails or by adding -2 more sail? simiiar tb those tilr&ady installed. More bla”de area, however, ‘means greater loads on the guy wires or cables that sup- - pocf !he tower, becatise there is more surface area for the win&to push against. Sail shape also:plays an important rple ‘9 ‘. , . z * in,,deteimining the ability of the wind machine to wr%p water. These sails billow bnd’flap ----bout in the winda bit too much. It% Cjrobably * impossible to achieve perfection’ in sail design, but gover?ment and privatk research programs are exploring windmill sail &Signs c td iniprove performance. ‘a4 The sails on the:
Sucker rod and water pump used with the sail- wing. The sucker rod pushes down on leather pump seals. dnving- a pulsing stream of *water Into the - 28 to drive a water pump. This pump, a piston 3 to keep the stock full. r- ti inches in diameter with leather pump seals, This sail-wing water+pumper can he is a “single-acting” pump. That is, it pumps readily adapted to many sites. With deeper only on the down stroke. This pump pushes water, however, more sail area would be water into the pipe in pulsing streams. How- required to provide the necessary starting ever, peak water flow rates can be too fast torque. The reliability of such a machine is ‘-for efficient operation. The faster that water directly related to the amount of care you F flows in a pipe, the higher the friction and put into the project and the time you devote the resulting back-pressure against the to solving its early problems, pump. By installing a surge chamber (a .‘- simple tank with trapped air) in the water line near the pump, we created an air space where strong water pressure pulses could expand and slow down the peak flow rate. More continuous water flow resufted, and more water was pumped because “of im- ’ i”h,e Old Farm Water-Pumper igiant step up from a simple, homemade ’ , . L water-p>m.per is the old muiltiblade pumper still availat!$today-new or recycled. Such proved pump performance. machines ha% been in use since about- This sail-wing water-pumper has worked 1860. Dozens ofi.J,hem can still be’see,n in well for over a year, with only minor problems windy areas. This ‘;inacbine...is often called ,a associated with the realities of a do-it-yourself “Ole ,Reliable.” It ~just...keeps on pumping system. For example, the‘ 300-foot plastic even though the owner may not perform any ’ water pipe was not buried at firstand when- maintenance for several years. One farmer I ever a horse s.tepped on the flexible poly- talked with hadn’t checkedthe oil level in ethy~lene, a water lock was created that his machine fo/r 25 years! It’s not surprising stopped the pump. Occasionally this occurred that most of the problems with these madri,%rg high winds and broke a “sucker chines are caused by lack;of owner care. rod”- the IongJhin tube that connects the The process oferecting such a machine . ” crankshaft to the pump. Solutions included starts with collecting all the pieces necesa stronger sucker rod,and-finally-burying sary for complete installation. When you the water pipe. byy an old machine, and occasionally when Performance has been adequate. The ,,&ou buy a new one, some parts are likely to storage tank requiresabout 400 gallons of-“’ be missing. Don’t try I to fake it. You need a// pumped water per week.The wind resource the parts. Leave one bolt out and the whole at the site is minimal, about 8 mph annual contraption is apt to end up on the ground! average, but evening breezes of about Laying the foun dation is followed by plastrc pope at rear. 11 mph drive this sail machine long enough tower erection. Here, there are two schools 7. * s. [
Page 1: * ., j’ AT .? ,_ L’( .; p MICRO
Page 5 and 6: - r ooks, Palo Alto, California
Page 7 and 8: Publisher’s Acknowledgments The p
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF Author% Note 6 ----W CONTE
Page 11 and 12: FOR’EWORD 0
Page 13 and 14: Introduction 100-kW to 300-kW unrts
Page 15 and 16: .-- ;, * _ 2. .,-. ‘. / r -r ‘A
Page 17 and 18: Energy and power are derived from t
Page 19 and 20: An American Farm Windmill and water
Page 21 and 22: Y . 2 &Wind Power ’ 1 Systemi Som
Page 23: P. Installation of a sailwing ‘ro
Page 27 and 28: . . . 30 k I .’ The Wind Power Bo
Page 29 and 30: 32 The Wind Power Book Fiberglass-b
Page 31 and 32: - $1” 34 % -.* A.( . ,,. __.* - %
Page 33 and 34: A close-up view of Cullen’s !S?-w
Page 35 and 36: * W indspeed+ ; Powers curves for t
Page 37 and 38: s i; , ! . I 6 40 _ _I_- , The Wind
Page 39 and 40: . -... .- * Above: Close-up viei of
Page 41 and 42: \ -- Wind Energy FksoWxs . Understa
Page 43 and 44: _ . Surface winds Horse Jabtudes y3
Page 45 and 46: The density of any s+stance is a me
Page 47 and 48: , j$. ’ 8 c _- - ;. ‘- $3. 0 -.
Page 49 and 50: ‘\m ‘. ent onthsb; anuary nd Ma
Page 51 and 52: With a year or more of windspeed da
Page 53 and 54: “-. ” 56 The Wind Power Book
Page 55 and 56: 58 The Wind Power Book amplitude 0
Page 57 and 58: A pressure-plate anemometer: Wind p
Page 59 and 60: c , 62 The Wind Power Book n - __ S
Page 61 and 62: I’ I 64 I; The Wind Power Book pr
Page 63 and 64: Wind Fundi rmentaln Per ‘formance
Page 65 and 66: * * !* Drag-Type Machines sll ,I. A
Page 67 and 68: “1 _.? 15011 A- I ’ Rared / '9
Page 69 and 70: : ‘l Maximum Rotor Efficiency xk
Page 71 and 72: A low-technology Savo’nius rotor.
Page 73 and 74: e. 14 The Wind Pdwer Book simply bu
Page 75 and 76:
The Wind Power Book ’ pointed in
Page 77 and 78:
American Farm windmill in final sta
Page 79 and 80:
Wind Machine Fundamentals z- enough
Page 81 and 82:
Wind Machine Fundamentals * . c gen
Page 83 and 84:
- I !- Wind Machine Fundamentals I
Page 85 and 86:
, .- . --. . v--,.< . P a (,) vz.I.
Page 87 and 88:
The Wind Power Book 91 Wind machine
Page 89 and 90:
Above that wik&peed the rotor is un
Page 91 and 92:
* Wind Machine Desim 1 .,“, I-;1
Page 93 and 94:
2 , , r ? . 0 ’ I T. /1 * R I ! _
Page 95 and 96:
- . I ~Extruded metal blades fir a
Page 97 and 98:
POMER WAFT 0 ‘. rotor atop an ere
Page 99 and 100:
A host of environmental considerati
Page 101 and 102:
An approximate formu/; for the drag
Page 103 and 104:
, Wooden blade construction with a
Page 105 and 106:
; . . . 1 1 1-o But if you keep th,
Page 107 and 108:
G[overning a wind rnachir$ by aimin
Page 109 and 110:
,e 2 Three different tail-vane desi
Page 111 and 112:
.- _ b ; 1
Page 113 and 114:
Building h power ,L 3 .- System 4 .
Page 115 and 116:
A complete ‘water-pumping system.
Page 117 and 118:
-----La bble Dumb, c&$&sed-tiir --+
Page 119 and 120:
a The power required to pu?np water
Page 121 and 122:
l 126 i The Wind Power Book ’ tre
Page 123 and 124:
\ , , ,i --\. . . . -:> ‘, , a_ 1
Page 125 and 126:
Corn&& used to power golf carts, th
Page 127 and 128:
‘ * ;I -“, ? a . b - * y; l%e G
Page 129 and 130:
AC source --u ’ > El AC source 0
Page 131 and 132:
I I .I .;‘. ‘J Sizing a Heater
Page 133 and 134:
D P Building a Wind Power System wi
Page 135 and 136:
,” * r. I I < Buildina a Wind Pow
Page 137 and 138:
? i ,\ L Y Y r A~--. -cc-~- .’ i,
Page 139 and 140:
Building a Wind Power System But la
Page 141 and 142:
Buildina a Wind Power Syitem The fo
Page 143 and 144:
_,-- _-’ _,- . 1 .’ 1 :: 9r The
Page 145 and 146:
A hef.,pfu@@cedure to perform an an
Page 147 and 148:
_-_ .._ -.-.-. Perspectives _‘. _
Page 149 and 150:
of laws that govern the application
Page 151 and 152:
-hs.: -- , 158 The Whid Power Book.
Page 153 and 154:
h .I i ,160 , ,: CO’NVERSION FACT
Page 155 and 156:
,. . ‘I -162 - The Wind Power - B
Page 157 and 158:
Description of Terrain Short grass
Page 159 and 160:
. The Wind Power Book Wind Power Ta
Page 161 and 162:
168 The Wind Power Book .- MONTHLY
Page 163 and 164:
c;i- -_IL--p- _--- _~-- . .._-. ---
Page 165 and 166:
- . -A . ‘%\ ‘\, \\ j ~-- ._ \
Page 167 and 168:
174 The Wjnd Power Book “.,
Page 169 and 170:
176 MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND POWER IN T
Page 171 and 172:
,.,., ,\I’,w.,, ..+“..* ..l.“
Page 173 and 174:
State I ” -1 I. MONTHLY AVERAGE W
Page 175 and 176:
L. , .I., M;hHLY j / i AVERAGE WIND
Page 177 and 178:
MONTHLY AVERIkE WIND POWER IN THE U
Page 179 and 180:
c .q$ * MONTHLY AVERAGE WIND POW,ER
Page 181 and 182:
1 . . 1 t-0 ., 1 a “‘ The--Wind
Page 183 and 184:
L ‘ L ,/’ P i r/i .._ _, , $: i
Page 185 and 186:
- , ..P~ _~__ _ -. -- - - -- - MONT
Page 187 and 188:
I * I 194 .- Y The * ‘. Wind Powe
Page 189 and 190:
PA RI RI RI SC SC SC ;* SC SC SC .
Page 191 and 192:
- mi -.;. . - 9.: ‘.* ’ !I -I-;
Page 193 and 194:
Ave. , c L I ’ *- Watt4 per Squar
Page 195 and 196:
I i ; ._ “i / . - - 1 .z .~ MONTH
Page 197 and 198:
:- 204 Y ’ . I, Wind Power Maps c
Page 199 and 200:
206 c ..A The Wind Power Book v
Page 201 and 202:
P P s 208 .“.Z ’ ,_., /’ 3’
Page 203 and 204:
210 The Wind Power Book Degree-$ay
Page 205 and 206:
52 v ?I 0 02 2 3 2 I, hl 0 2X II Oh
Page 207 and 208:
p-7 ..&!I! .- % . . n4 --- Frederic
Page 209 and 210:
‘.V ‘: i * e \ . > I *b Zlff+
Page 211 and 212:
‘ !300 Pow’er c@irve for A typi
Page 213 and 214:
‘$ .* __- _ c I -.. 22‘0 .-. 7
Page 215 and 216:
i . -l_-..----_---^- 1 . _- . . -f
Page 217 and 218:
, .” : 0,=&O Y ‘h,, \ 224 i *st
Page 219 and 220:
. 4 ~- , r , I a . f 226 * i-1 jl:
Page 221 and 222:
. * -- ,* ? y - 4, * . ) . /.‘ a
Page 223 and 224:
R -t \ L ,. ” The Wind Power Book
Page 225 and 226:
* * 7 . -- --. E i ; d ‘- 232 \ T
Page 227 and 228:
, i POWER AND ENERGY REdUlREMENTS O
Page 229 and 230:
i -_ I . 3 The Wind Power Book ;
Page 231 and 232:
. e ‘- 1 (I 1 2 ’ ; / ‘y,. Bi
Page 233 and 234:
Illustrations and power curves, plu
Page 235 and 236:
I i / .- i machine or, turbine. .i
Page 237 and 238:
synchronous inverter-an electr&ic d
Page 239 and 240:
l . -. . . . ,“&X I;. = , .‘-y
Page 241 and 242:
H ‘s _ & ) ; ; “ L *. ‘ ,_
Page 243 and 244:
,” Savonius, Sigurd J., 74 : Tors
Page 245:
t I . I . c N
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