Geology and Resources of ·vanadium

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VI BIBLIOGRAPHY OF VANADIUM GEOLOGY 0.2 percent V205 ; and some chromite deposits contain about 0.1 percent V20 5 • Most ore deposits of hypogene hydrothermal origin contain only sparse amounts of vanadium; indeed, many hypogene ores contain less vanadium than the average crustal abundance. On the other hand, vanadium does accumulate in some gold-bearing veins, especiaJly those containing gold tellurides, and in some titanium-bearing veins a few tenths of a percent V20 5 is common. Residual deposits rich in aluminum and iron, such as bauxites and laterites, commonly contain about 0.1 percent V20 5• Some sedimentary deposits are enriched syngenetically in vanadium. Many sedimentary iron ores contain about 0.1 percent V205• Some organic-rich shale contains 1 percent or more V20 5 • Some deposits of phosphate rock contain a few tenths of a percent V20 5, but most phosphate deposits have a much lower vanadium content. Vanadium is commonly the principal trace element in petroleum, especially asphalt-base oils; the ash of some crude oils contains more than 10 percent V20 5 , as does the ash of some natura) asphaltites and refinery residues derived from oils of this type. Coal, on the other hand, is usually low in vanadium. Four geologic types of productive vanadium deposits are of epigenetic origin, but the source of vanadium and its manner of emplacement in these deposits are uncertain. These types are the vanadiumuranium deposits in sandstone; the somewhat similar deposits of the same metals in limestone; the deposits of base-metal vanadate minerals in the oxidized zones of copper, lead, and zinc deposits; and a recently discovered deposit in the zone of alteration at the contact of an alkalic intrusion. The vanadium content of ores from these deposits ranges from 1 to 2 percent V20 5 • BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES Each bibliographic reference is listed alphabetically under the author's last name or the last name of the first author. Each reference includes the title of the article, the publication source, and the year published. The names of most serial publications are abbreviated in the bibliographic references and are listed alphabetically, both in abbreviated form and in full, in the accompanying serial list. Titles of articles published in foreign languages using the Roman alphabet · are given both in the original language and in English trans] ation; those using the Cyri11ic alphabet are transliterated (using the style of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names) and translated. However, only translations are given for original titles that are unusually long. For titles of articles in Oriental languages, only translations are given. Most title translations were taken from journals that regularly publish abstracts of scientific articles.
INTRODUCTION VII Brief annotations are given with many references whose titles do not indicate the subject matter relative to vanadium. For example, the entry "Davidson, D. F. Selenium.in some oxidized sandstonetype uranium deposits: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1162-C, p. C1-C33, 1963" is accompanied by an annotation saying: "Includes data on the amount and occurrence of vanadium in many of the deposits described." A reference such as "Balsley, J. R., Jr. Vanadium-bearing magnetite-ilmenite deposits near Lake Sanford, Esse"!{ County, New York: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 940-D, p. 99-123, 1943" is not annotated. For a significant article published in a language other than English, or in a publication that is not available in many libraries, a more detailed annotation is given than in other cases, even though the title of the article may reveal the general subject matter rela.tive to vanadium, or a reference is made to an abstracting journal if one of these published an informative abstract. Journals of this type include Annotated Bibliography of Economic Geology, Bibliography and Index of Geology Exclusive of North America, Chemical Abstracts, Mineralogical Abstracts, and N eues J ahrbuch fiir Mineralogie, Geologie, und Palaontologie. Not all publications that contain information on the geologic occurrence of vanadium are included by reference in this bibliography. References to textbooks on mineral deposits and to summary or review articles are not included unless they contain some significant information on vanadium. Abstracts of papers presented at scientific meetings are not included if references to later publication of these papers are given. Also excluded are reports that merely mention the occurrence of vanadium minerals or deposits in areas where vanadium deposits are numerous and well described in the literature cited. Such areas include southwestern United States, where the oxidized zones of many deposits of copper, lead, and zinc contain mineralogic occurrences of base-metal vanadates, and the Colorado Plateau region, where vanadium-uranium deposits in sandstone are numerous. On the other hand, references are included to reports that only mention similar occurrences in areas that are not known to contain abundant vanadium deposits or minerals, in order to record these occurrences. In rec,ent years, many articles have been published on the traceelement content of rock types or geologic environments, but only a small proportion of those that contain data on vanadium are included in this bibliography. Those included are judged to be reasonably representative of that type of occurrence or they seem to emphasize some significant geochemical relation. Most of these references are indexed under the major heading "Geochemistry" and under the secondary headings "Abundance in ... " or "Elemental association in rocks and deposits."
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 41 00913 Fuganti, Andr
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 43 Describes the occur
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Hess, H. See V olborth, Alexander.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 55 The average of all
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 57 01349 Hutton, C. 0.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 71 00607 Larsh, P. A.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 75 iron and manganese
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 00300 Lydolph, P. E
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Mazzola, E. See Fester, G. A. 00089
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 85 Refractory Metals,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 00487 Nockolds, S.
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Includes data on the content and re
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Rammelsberg, C. F. See Brackebusch,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 97 00548 Robinson, S.
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BILIOGRAPHY 99 00551 Russell, T. C.
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Schaller, W. T. See Hess, F. L. 013
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 103 in cast iron bars
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Deposits, geologic types Iron, tita
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Deposits, geologic types Sandstone
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Deposits, geologic types Vanadate A
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Exploration Geologic guides Sandsto
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Geochemistry Elemental association
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