The Dark Side of Volkswagen - Greenpeace

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22 THE DARK SIDE OF VOLKSWAGEN 1 www.guardian.co.uk/business/2011/jan/24/toyota-world-number-onecarmaker 2 Statement by Martin Winterkorn, CEO, October 2010. http://timesnewsworld. com/072119/volkswagen-car-maker-plans-to-be-number-one-in-the-worldby-2018 3 Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, Skoda, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini and Scania. 4 VW report, Looking back to the future, p26. www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/ vwcorp/info_center/en/publications/2011/04/looking_back_to_the.-bin.acq/ qual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File/110421_VW_TE_engl_BRO_DINA4_lowres.pdf 5 For example, The Green Car Website currently lists the VW POLO DIESEL HATCHBACK 1.2 TDI BlueMotion 3dr within the top 10 green cars. www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/top-10-green-cars.asp 6 www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2010/02/ think_Blue.html 7 In terms of CO 2 averages only Nissan, which has much lower sales, performed worse out of the non-premium volume brands in 2009. ‘How Clean are Europe’s cars? An analysis of carmaker progress towards EU CO 2 targets in 2009’. Transport & Environment, November 2010. www.transportenvironment.org/Publications/ prep_hand_out/lid/610 Figures for 2010 suggest VW is still lagging behind other volume brands despite modest progress. ‘Rich nations falling behind Europe on car CO 2 emissions’. JATO. March 2011. It is important to note that JATO figures do not include figures for the entire VW Group. www.jato.com/PressReleases/Rich%20 Nations%20Falling%20Behind%20Europe%20on%20Car%20CO2%20Emissions. pdf 8 IPCC, ‘Key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report’, 2007, p5. www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdf 9 Jaeger, Carlo C. et. al. A New Growth Path for Europe – Generating Growth and Jobs in the Low-Carbon Economy. Synthesis report. March 2011. www.newgrowthpath.eu/ 10 DG TREN, 2008, European Energy and Transport: Trends to 2030 – Update 2007. This anticipates that in 2010 the EU would consume 674 million tonnes of oil. This is consistent with recent actual figures from BP which estimated the EU’s oil consumption in 2009 to be 670.8 million tonnes. BP 2010a. BP Statistical Review of World Energy, June 2010. www.bp.com/statisticalreview 11 2010 figures, CIA factbook. www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/fields/2174.html 12 DG TREN, 2008, European Energy and Transport: Trends to 2030 – Update 2007. 13 European Commission www.vwec2010.be/notulen/VWEC2010_sessie_3_Tom_ Van_Ierland.pdf ; European Environment Agency (EEA) www.eea.europa.eu/ data-and-maps/indicators/transport-emissions-of-greenhouse-gases/transportemissions-of-greenhouse-gases-7 14 EEA, 2010, Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2008 and inventory report 2010. www.eea.europa.eu/publications/european-uniongreenhouse-gas-inventory-2010 15 IEA, 2009 World Energy Outlook, 2009; DG TREN, 2008. (IEA 2009 says 91% by 2030, and DG TREN 2008 says 95% by 2030). 16 Skinner, I., 2010, Steering clear of oil disasters. www.greenpeace.org/raw/ content/eu-unit/press-centre/reports/steering-clear-of-oil-disaster.pdf 17 The United States Geological Survey estimates that there are 90 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil in offshore reservoirs in the Arctic. Gautier, D.L. et al. 2009. Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas in the Arctic. Science 29 May 2009 324: 1175-1179. Global oil consumption is approximately 85 million barrels a day. 18 IEA 2010 World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris. 19 IPCC, Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds.), ‘Ecosystems and biodiversity, Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from Climate Change’ Schneider, S.H., S. Semenov, A. Patwardhan, I. Burton, C.H.D. Magadza, M. Oppenheimer, A.B. Pittock, A. Rahman, J.B. Smith, A. Suarez and F. Yamin. 20 Nature 470, 316. 2011. Increased flood risk linked to global warming, February 2011, doi:10.1038/470316a ; IPCC (2007). ‘5.2 Key vulnerabilities, impacts and risks – long-term perspectives’. In Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.). Synthesis report. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 21 IEA 2010 World Energy Outlook 2010. Paris. 450 Scenario. 22 Transport & Environment press release, ‘Carmakers exaggerated time needed for CO 2 cuts’, 4 November 2010. www.transportenvironment.org/news/2010/11/ carmakers-exaggerated-time-needed-for-co2-cuts 23 Skinner. Op Cit. This assumes that no additional policy interventions are implemented in the EU to reduce CO 2 emissions or the consumption of oil. 24 US Energy Information Administration. www.eia.gov/countries/index.cfm?view= consumption#countrylist In 2009 Austria consumed 0.27 million barrels of oil per day, Denmark 0.17, Portugal 0.27, Norway 0.22 and Finland 0.20, which in total was 1.13 million barrels. 25 Skinner. Op Cit. This assumes that no additional policy interventions are implemented in the EU to reduce CO 2 emissions or the consumption of oil. 26 ICCT, The Regulatory Engine: How Smart Policy Drives Vehicle Innovation, January 2011. www.theicct.org/2011/01/the-regulatory-engine/ 27 Qatar Holding owns 12.3 % of the Volkswagen AG and has 17% of voting rights in the board. The company is a ‘fully owned affiliate of Qatar Petroleum’. Qatar Intermediate Industries Holding Co. Ltd., ‘Qatar Intermediate Industries Holding - Welcome page,’ 2011, www.qh.com.qa/qh/index.aspx (accessed February 10, 2011). Their vision is ‘to become the Middle East’s leading manufacturer and marketer of intermediate petrochemical and non-hydrocarbon products.’ Qatar Intermediate Industries Holding Co. Ltd., ‘Qatar Holding - Vision And Mission,’ 2011, www.qh.com.qa/qh/content.aspx?secid=5&parentid=1 (accessed February 10, 2011). Qatar Holding said ‘the state is set to take a seat on its supervisory board, underlining the more active role Gulf states are playing in the German auto industry.’ ArabianBusiness.com, ‘Qatar becomes major shareholder in Volkswagen - Energy,’ December 19, 2010, www.arabianbusiness.com/qatar-becomes-majorshareholder-in-volkswagen-9923.html (accessed February 9, 2011). 28 www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/the_group.html 29 www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/content/en/the_group.html 30 ACEA, ‘New Vehicle Registrations by Manufacturer’, passenger cars. www.acea. be/images/uploads/files/20110221_07_2010_vo_By_Manufacturer_Enlarged_ Europe.xls 31 www.kba.de/cln_015/nn_124384/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Bestand/ Segmente/2010__b__segmente__kompakt.html 32 www.kba.de/cln_015/nn_124384/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Bestand/ Segmente/2010__b__segmente__kompakt.htmlKBA Mit 3,8 Millionen Einheiten trägt jeder 3. Wagen in dem Segment das Wolfsburger Emblem. 33 www.kba.de/cln_015/nn_124384/DE/Statistik/Fahrzeuge/Bestand/ Segmente/2010__b__segmente__kompakt.htmlKBA Die Kompaktklasse wird auch gern als ‘Golfklasse’ bezeichnet. 34 German carmakers’ letter to the European Commission, 26 January 2007. 35 This restructuring had nothing to do with environmental measures and came at a time where Volkswagen’s profits continued to rise. 36 Transport & Environment press release, ‘Carmakers exaggerated time needed for CO 2 cuts’, 4 November 2010. www.transportenvironment.org/news/2010/11/ carmakers-exaggerated-time-needed-for-co2-cuts 37 For simplicity, this notion of ‘climate footprint’ is based solely on the CO 2 emissions that are caused by the use of the companies’ products. It excludes emissions from the production and disposal of cars, and from the production of the fuel used, which typically adds another 30% to the emissions from the ‘use phase’ (EEA 2010). 38 Greenpeace calculation based on T&E data, ‘How Clean are Europe‘s cars? An analysis of carmaker progress towards EU CO 2 targets in 2009.’ Transport & Environment, November 2010. www.transportenvironment.org/Publications/ prep_hand_out/lid/610 39 Ibid. Figures for 2010 suggest VW is still lagging behind other volume brands despite modest progress, JATO, ‘Rich nations falling behind Europe on car CO 2 emissions’, March 2011. It is important to note that JATO figures do not include figures for the entire VW Group. www.jato.com/PressReleases/Rich%20Nations%20Falling%20 Behind%20Europe%20on%20Car%20CO2%20Emissions.pdf 40 German carmakers’ letter to the European Commission, 26 January 2007. 41 Volkswagen report, Looking back to the future. Op Cit. 42 Volkswagen, Sustainability Report 2009, p9 www.volkswagenag.com/.../ sustainability_report0.../VW_Sustainability_Report_2009.pdf 43 Ibid, p10
44 For example, The Green Car Website currently lists the VW POLO DIESEL HATCHBACK 1.2 TDI BlueMotion 3dr as within the top 10 green cars. www.thegreencarwebsite.co.uk/top-10-green-cars.asp 45 www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_center/en/themes/2010/02/ think_Blue.html 46 Sustainability Report 2010, p47. www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_ center/en/publications/2011/05/Report_2010.-bin.acq/qual-BinaryStorageItem. Single.File/VWAG_Nachhaltigkeitsbericht_online_e.pdf 47 VW Annual Report 2010, p154. www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/vwcorp/info_ center/en/publications/2011/03/Volkswagen_AG_Geschaeftsbericht_2010.-bin. acq/qual-BinaryStorageItem.Single.File/GB_2010_e.pdf The total sales of those five brands in 2010 were 7.134 million whilst the company’s total global sales were 7.203 million. 48 www.volkswagen.de/konfigurator 49 VW Konfigurator. www.volkswagen.de/de/CC5.html 50 PA Consulting group, cited according: E.Wimmer/M.Schneider/P.Blum, ‘Antrieb fuer die Zukunft’, 2010, Schaeffer-Poeschel- Verlag. They have estimated that adding BlueMotion would cost the company 260 EUR per car, on the basis of the Golf 1,4 TSI. 51 Volkswagen Konfigurator. www.volkswagen.de/de/CC5.html The Golf 1,6 TDI 77 kW (Blue Motion Technology or full Blue Motion) = 119 grams; Golf 1.6 TDI 77 kW ‘Blue Motion Technology’ = 107 grams; Golf 1,6 TDI 77 kW ‘Blue Motion’ = 99 grams. (As a comparison: The basic Golf 1.4 Gasoline 59 kW needs 6,4 Liters gasoline and emits 149 grams of CO 2 ). 52 ICCT, The Regulatory Engine: How Smart Policy Drives Vehicle Innovation, January 2011. www.theicct.org/2011/01/the-regulatory-engine/ 53 www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/news/8432669/80mpg-Ford-Focus-for-2012.html 54 www.greenpeace.de/themen/verkehr/smile/ 55 www.independent.co.uk/life-style/motoring/volkswagen-to-power-up-newhybrids-from-2013-2281799.html 56 See for example, Joint Declaration of 3 business leaders’ groups: www.theclimategroup.org/_assets/files/JointBusinessDeclaration-June-3.pdf (Greenpeace has no association with The Climate Group and does not endorse all of its policy positions). Also: FT: Business backs higher emissions goals. 20 July 2010. 57 The Climate Group, EU 30 per cent initiative, statement by businesses, ‘Increasing Europe’s climate ambition will be good for the EU economy and jobs’. www.theclimategroup.org/EU-30-per-cent-initiative 58 Eurobarometer: Climate change the second most serious problem faced by the world today. http://tinyurl.com/33gacpp majorities from 55% to 72% think that not enough is done to fight climate change. 59 Communication of the European Commission (2010): Unlocking Europe’s potential in clean innovation and growth: Analysis of options to move beyond 20%. (‘Stranded Costs’ describes existing investments which may become redundant in a competitive environment). 60 The International Energy Agency estimates that in the energy sector each year of delay will cost an extra ¤336 billion globally. International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2009. 61 ACEI (The Alliance for a Competitive European Industry) letter, 21 January 2010. The letter called on the Council, Parliament and Commission to stick to a 20% target. ACEA is a member of ACEI, and ACEI lobbies on their behalf. 62 Jaeger, Carlo C. et. al. Op Cit. 63 Letter to Greenpeace, 21 December 2010. 64 Letter to Greenpeace, 26 January 2011. 65 www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/Leaders-Groups/The-Prince-of-Wales-Corporate-Leaders- Group-on-Climate-Change/EU-CLG.aspx 66 www.cpsl.cam.ac.uk/Leaders-Groups/The-Prince-of-Wales-Corporate-Leaders- Group-on-Climate-Change/~/media/Files/Resources/Press_Releases/8th_ March_EU_CLG_Press_Release.ashx 67 Letter to Greenpeace, 3 May 2011. 68 Letters to Greenpeace: BMW, 8 July 2010; GM, 20 August 2010. 69 Response to Greenpeace, 14 June 2010. 70 ICCT, Op Cit. REFERENCES 71 www.autonews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20110523/OEM02/30523996 1/1432#ixzz1NBkqyFJV 72 DG Industry & Enterprise, ‘EU Manufacturing Industry: What are the Challenges and Opportunities for the Coming Years?’, April 2010. http://ec.europa.eu/ enterprise/policies/industrial-competitiveness/economic-crisis/files/eu_ manufacturing_challenges_and_opportunities_en.pdf 73 Jaeger, Carlo C. et. al. Op Cit. 23 74 The PEW Charitable Trust. Who’s Winning the Clean Energy Race? 2010 Edition. www.pewenvironment.org/uploadedFiles/PEG/Publications/Report/G-20Report- LOWRes-FINAL.pdf 75 CEC, 2010, Analysis of options to move beyond 20% GHG emission reductions and assessing the risk of carbon leakage. COM (2010) 265. Brussels, 26.5.2010. 76 This figure is the estimated VW Group spend on ACEA (ACEA’s yearly income is ¤10,112,343, divided by 15 members – there are now 16 members, but Volvo only joined in October 2010 - plus their declared spend on lobby interests, which for 2009 was ¤200,000– ¤250,000 for VW itself, excluding contributions to groups like ACEA. https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/transparency/regrin/ consultation/displaylobbyist.do?id=6504541970-40. This does not include any internal figures, or fees to Weber Shandwick, the lobby company they use in Brussels. According to an industry insider, it is highly likely that contributions were much more than this, but ACEA refuse to give Greenpeace actual figures. ACEA themselves refused to tell Greenpeace the exact spend of each company, but said each member pays ‘a standard fee’. 77 See above. 78 Committed to reducing CO 2 , ACEA website, accessed 15 March 2007. 79 ACEA stated: ‘Reducing further CO 2 emissions through vehicle technology only is the most expensive and least cost-effective option for society. (…) More can be done for the environment, at lower costs’. ACEA press release, ‘Car industry wants fact-based policy on CO 2 reductions’, Brussels, 26 January 2007. 80 Ibid. 81 European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/ vans_en.htm 82 ACEA press release, ‘Auto industry pushes hard to reduce CO 2 emissions and needs supportive, realistic legislative framework to succeed’, 28 October 2009. www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/auto_industry_pushes_hard_to_ reduce_co2_emissions_and_needs_supportive_real 83 ACEA press release, CO 2 proposal for light commercial vehicles must be modified, Hanover, 21 September 2010. www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/ co2_proposal_for_light_commercial_vehicles_must_be_modified 84 European Commission, 2010, Monitoring the CO 2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU: data for 2009. 85 JATO Consult, Rich Nations Falling behind Europe on Car CO 2 Emissions. Op Cit. 86 www.volkswagen.co.nz/media/country/nz/x/company.Par.0054.File.pdf/ vwmr0909_new_generation.pdf 87 ACEI letter. Op Cit. www.eurofer.org/index.php/eng/content/ download/8541/44459/file/2010-01-21ACEIOpenLetter.PDF 88 See http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2011/04/california-auto-cleancar-standards.html and www.edf.org/article.cfm?contentID=4192 89 www.autospies.com/news/Toyota-s-Jim-Colon-praises-US-government-sproposal-on-fuel-economy-standards-61281/ 90 EPA/NHTSA Notice of Upcoming Joint Rulemaking to Establish 2017 and Later Model Year Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions and CAFE Standards. www.epa.gov/oms/climate/regulations/420f10051.htm 91 VW sustainability report 2010, Op Cit. Das Problem.
Page 1 and 2: The Dark Side of Volkswagen
Page 3 and 4: KEY FACTS 1. The Volkswagen Group i
Page 5 and 6: Volkswagen speaks of being ‘deter
Page 7 and 8: DRIVING CLIMATE CHANGE 5 ©Cobbing/
Page 9 and 10: MEASURING EMISSIONS: WHAT THE NUMBE
Page 11 and 12: VOLKSWAGEN GROUP: THE BIG PLAYER Vo
Page 13 and 14: ©Langrock/Zenit/Greenpeace to do t
Page 15 and 16: Rolling out BlueMotion standards ac
Page 17 and 18: Campaigning against change Yet desp
Page 19 and 20: THE 30% TARGET: POWERING INVESTMENT
Page 21 and 22: ACEA lobbied hard against the intro
Page 23: AS ThE SinglE biggEST CAR plAYER in

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