Fire ventilation

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Contents Foreword 6 Foreword to the English edition 7 1. Fire ventilation 9 Objective and purpose of fi re ventilation 9 Openings and fi re ventilation 9 Venting of a room exposed to fi re 10 Venting of adjacent rooms 10 Openings to gain access to a fi re that has spread into the structure, for example in the walls or fl oor structure 11 Venting for mopping up/salvage and overhaul 11 Implementation of fi re ventilation 12 Horizontal fi re ventilation 12 Vertical fi re ventilation 13 Mechanical fi re ventilation 13 Fundamental principles 14 2. Fire behavior 17 3. Fire gases 23 4. The spread of fi re gases 27 Pressure differences in buildings 27 Normal pressure differences 28 Pressure differences created by the fi re 28 Differences in temperature between outdoor and indoor air 29 The effect of the wind 34 Comfort ventilation 37 Natural ventilation 37 Mechanical ventilation systems 38 Thermal expansion 39 Thermal buoyancy force 40 Pressure conditions during fi res in buildings and during fi re ventilation 42 Normal pressure differences 42 Pressure differences created by the fi re 43 5. Working with fi re ventilation 47 The size of openings 47 Outlets 48
Inlets 51 Horizontal fi re ventilation of rooms exposed to fi re 55 Vertical fi re ventilation of rooms exposed to fi re 56 Fire ventilation of adjacent rooms 58 Mechanical fi re ventilation 58 Negative pressure ventilation 59 Pressurising of adjacent rooms 63 Positive pressure ventilation (pressurising of rooms exposed to fi re) 64 Fog nozzle ventilation 73 6. Creating openings 75 Tools for creating openings in the roof 76 Electric motor powered tools 77 Internal combustion engine powered tools 77 Special tools 80 7. Safety when working at high altitudes 83 Working at high altitudes 84 Securing during work from ladder or ladder trucks 84 Securing during work without ladder truck 85 8. Openings in different roof structures 87 Tin plated roofs on older buildings 88 Tiled roofs 90 Roofs with tarred roofi ng felt/waterproof paper roof 91 Roofs with corrugated metal sheeting 92 Permanent installations for fi re ventilation 94 Smoke vents 94 Mechanical ventilation 95 9. Tactics 99
Page 1 and 2: T o carry out fire and rescue opera
Page 3: The content of this book may not be
Page 7 and 8: 6 Foreword In this book fi re venti
Page 10 and 11: chapter 1 Fire ventilation The fund
Page 12 and 13: Openings to gain access to a fi re
Page 14 and 15: would be the case, for example, in
Page 16: esults in quicker and more simple e
Page 19 and 20: Pyrolysis Irreversible chemical dec
Page 21 and 22: Flashover results in a fully develo
Page 24 and 25: chapter 3 Fire gases Fire gases is
Page 26: gases is produced that contains inc
Page 29 and 30: 28 The dynamic pressure differences
Page 31 and 32: Pressure differences produced by di
Page 33 and 34: The hydrodynamic pressure differenc
Page 35 and 36: 34 The distribution of pressure rou
Page 37 and 38: There can be very complex wind cond
Page 39 and 40: In buildings erected during the 196
Page 41 and 42: Calculation of thermal expansion St
Page 43 and 44: Calculation of thermal buoyancy for
Page 45: 44 The different pressure differenc
Page 49 and 50: Watt Rate of heat release is measur
Page 51 and 52: Calculation of the size of outlets
Page 53 and 54: 52 almost always preferable to stri
Page 55 and 56:
The mass fl ow through the inlet ca
Page 57 and 58:
Openings and ventilation can be imp
Page 59 and 60:
When a room or a fi re cell is cons
Page 61 and 62:
60 sure ventilation can also be app
Page 63 and 64:
62 Negative pressure ventilation is
Page 65 and 66:
64 The pressurising of adjacent roo
Page 67 and 68:
Fans can during positive pressure v
Page 69 and 70:
68 A large outlet produces a larger
Page 71 and 72:
The volume fl ow in the outlet is g
Page 73 and 74:
72 a hall and no other internal con
Page 76 and 77:
chapter 6 Creating openings Opening
Page 78 and 79:
Electric motor powered tools The el
Page 80 and 81:
The circular saw is used to saw woo
Page 82:
plastic explosive is placed in the
Page 85 and 86:
84 Example of securing during work
Page 88 and 89:
chapter 8 Openings in different roo
Page 90 and 91:
its way through on its own, without
Page 92 and 93:
drop down on personnel standing on
Page 94 and 95:
It is a good idea if the outer open
Page 96 and 97:
A completely manual shutter, often
Page 98:
In buildings that have systems for
Page 101 and 102:
The measures that are initiated, co
Page 103 and 104:
102 It is only through control that
Page 105 and 106:
104
Page 107 and 108:
A small fi re in a large room cause
Page 109 and 110:
Flashover has still not taken place
Page 111 and 112:
Flashover has taken place and the f
Page 113 and 114:
112 Piercing nozzle (fog nail). Alt
Page 115 and 116:
114 To take into consideration at s
Page 117 and 118:
116 Further reading Bengtsson, L. (
Page 119 and 120:
118 Särdqvist, S. (1994). Övertry
Page 121:
120
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Fire ventilation

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