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Loading density Hole Diameter Kg of explosive per meter of column for given density (g/cm3 )* Hole Diameter mm in mm in 0.60 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.30 1.35 1.40 25 1 0.29 0.39 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.59 0.64 0.66 0.69 25 1 32 1 1/4 0.48 0.64 0.66 0.68 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.84 0.88 0.92 0.97 1.05 1.09 1.13 32 1 1/4 38 1 1/2 0.68 0.91 0.93 0.96 1.02 1.08 1.13 1.19 1.25 1.30 1.36 1.47 1.53 1.59 38 1 1/2 45 1 3/4 0.95 1.27 1.30 1.35 1.43 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.75 1.83 1.91 2.07 2.15 2.23 45 1 3/4 51 2 1.23 1.63 1.68 1.74 1.84 1.94 2.04 2.14 2.25 2.35 2.45 2.66 2.76 2.86 51 2 57 2 1/4 1.53 2.04 2.09 2.17 2.30 2.42 2.55 2.68 2.81 2.93 3.06 3.32 3.44 3.57 57 2 1/4 64 2 1/2 1.93 2.57 2.64 2.73 2.90 3.06 3.22 3.38 3.54 3.70 3.86 4.18 4.34 4.50 64 2 1/2 70 2 3/4 2.31 3.08 3.16 3.27 3.46 3.66 3.85 4.04 4.23 4.43 4.62 5.00 5.20 5.39 70 2 3/4 76 3 2.72 3.63 3.72 3.86 4.08 4.31 4.54 4.76 4.99 5.22 5.44 5.90 6.12 6.35 76 3 83 3 1/4 3.25 4.33 4.44 4.60 4.87 5.14 5.41 5.68 5.95 6.22 6.49 7.03 7.30 7.57 83 3 1/4 89 3 1/2 3.73 4.98 5.10 5.29 5.60 5.91 6.22 6.53 6.84 7.15 7.47 8.09 8.40 8.71 89 3 1/2 95 3 3/4 4.25 5.67 5.81 6.02 6.38 6.73 7.09 7.44 7.80 8.15 8.51 9.21 9.57 9.92 95 3 3/4 102 4 4.90 6.54 6.70 6.95 7.35 7.76 8.17 8.58 8.99 9.40 9.81 10.62 11.03 11.44 102 4 108 4 1/4 5.50 7.33 7.51 7.79 8.24 8.70 9.16 9.62 10.08 10.54 10.99 11.91 12.37 12.83 108 4 1/4 114 4 1/2 6.12 8.17 8.37 8.68 9.19 9.70 10.21 10.72 11.23 11.74 12.25 13.27 13.78 14.29 114 4 1/2 121 4 3/4 6.90 9.20 9.43 9.77 10.35 10.92 11.50 12.07 12.65 13.22 13.80 14.95 15.52 16.10 121 4 3/4 127 5 7.60 10.13 10.39 10.77 11.40 12.03 12.67 13.30 13.93 14.57 15.20 16.47 17.10 17.73 127 5 133 5 1/4 8.34 11.11 11.39 11.81 12.50 13.20 13.89 14.59 15.28 15.98 16.67 18.06 18.76 19.45 133 5 1/4 140 5 1/2 9.24 12.32 12.62 13.08 13.85 14.62 15.39 16.16 16.93 17.70 18.47 20.01 20.78 21.55 140 5 1/2 146 5 3/4 10.04 13.39 13.73 14.23 15.07 15.90 16.74 17.58 18.42 19.25 20.09 21.76 22.60 23.44 146 5 3/4 152 6 10.89 14.52 14.88 15.42 16.33 17.24 18.15 19.05 19.96 20.87 21.78 23.59 24.50 25.40 152 6 159 6 1/4 11.91 15.88 16.28 16.88 17.87 18.86 19.86 20.85 21.84 22.83 23.83 25.81 26.81 27.80 159 6 1/4 165 6 1/2 12.83 17.11 17.53 18.18 19.24 20.31 21.38 22.45 23.52 24.59 25.66 27.80 28.87 29.94 165 6 1/2 172 6 3/4 13.94 18.59 19.05 19.75 20.91 22.07 23.24 24.40 25.56 26.72 27.88 30.21 31.37 32.53 172 6 3/4 178 7 14.93 19.91 20.41 21.15 22.40 23.64 24.88 26.13 27.37 28.62 29.86 32.35 33.59 34.84 178 7 187 7 1/4 16.48 21.97 22.52 23.34 24.72 26.09 27.46 28.84 30.21 31.58 32.96 35.70 37.08 38.45 187 7 3/8 200 7 1/2 18.85 25.13 25.76 26.70 28.27 29.85 31.42 32.99 34.56 36.13 37.70 40.84 42.41 43.98 200 7 7/8 203 8 19.42 25.89 26.54 27.51 29.13 30.75 32.37 33.98 35.60 37.22 38.84 42.08 43.69 45.31 203 8 216 8 1/2 21.99 29.31 30.05 31.15 32.98 34.81 36.64 38.48 40.31 42.14 43.97 47.64 49.47 51.30 216 8 1/2 229 9 24.71 32.95 33.77 35.01 37.07 39.13 41.19 43.25 45.31 47.37 49.42 53.54 55.60 57.66 229 9 251 9 1/2 29.69 39.58 40.57 42.06 44.53 47.01 49.48 51.95 54.43 56.90 59.38 64.33 66.80 69.27 251 9 1/2 254 10 30.40 40.54 41.55 43.07 45.60 48.14 50.67 53.20 55.74 58.27 60.80 65.87 68.41 70.94 254 10 270 10 1/2 34.35 45.80 46.95 48.67 51.53 54.39 57.26 60.12 62.98 65.84 68.71 74.43 77.29 80.16 270 10 5/8 279 11 36.68 48.91 50.13 51.97 55.02 58.08 61.14 64.19 67.25 70.31 73.36 79.48 82.53 85.59 279 11 311 12 1/4 45.58 60.77 62.29 64.57 68.37 72.17 75.96 79.76 83.56 87.36 91.16 98.75 102.55 106.35 311 12 1/4 381 15 68.41 91.21 93.49 96.91 102.61 108.31 114.01 119.71 125.41 131.11 136.81 148.21 153.91 159.61 381 15 445 17 1/2 93.32 124.42 127.53 132.20 139.98 147.75 155.53 163.30 171.08 178.86 186.63 202.19 209.96 217.74 445 17 1/2 *For non-gassed products only. The density of gassed products varies according to depth in an explosive column and the open cup density. Please consult the "Gassing density for Titan blends" table for further information. © Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited 2012. Reproduction without permission is strictly prohibited. Calculation Kg/m = 3.14159 x D2 x P / 4,000 Where D is the hole diameter in mm P is the explosive density in g/cm3 To determine the loading factor for explosive densities not listed, select the loading factor for the size hole in the 1.00g/cm3 column then multiply it by the required density in g/cm3 .
Gassing density for TITAN ® blends Density of TITAN 2000 emulsion blends in an explosive column at different depths for different open cup densities Depth (m) Open Cup Density (g/cm3 ) 0 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1 0.92 0.97 1.02 1.07 1.12 1.17 1.21 1.26 2 0.95 0.99 1.04 1.09 1.13 1.18 1.22 1.26 3 0.97 1.01 1.06 1.10 1.15 1.19 1.23 1.27 4 0.98 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.20 1.24 1.27 5 1.00 1.05 1.09 1.13 1.17 1.21 1.24 1.28 6 1.02 1.06 1.10 1.14 1.18 1.21 1.25 1.28 7 1.03 1.07 1.11 1.15 1.19 1.22 1.25 1.28 8 1.04 1.08 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.28 9 1.06 1.10 1.13 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.26 1.29 10 1.07 1.11 1.14 1.18 1.21 1.24 1.26 1.29 12 1.09 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.27 1.29 14 1.10 1.14 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.29 16 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.21 1.23 1.26 1.28 1.30 18 1.13 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.30 20 1.14 1.17 1.20 1.22 1.25 1.27 1.28 1.30 24 1.16 1.19 1.21 1.24 1.25 1.27 1.29 1.30 28 1.18 1.20 1.23 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.30 32 1.19 1.22 1.23 1.25 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.31 36 1.20 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.27 1.29 1.30 1.31 40 1.21 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 45 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 50 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 55 1.24 1.25 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.30 1.31 60 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.31 65 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.31 70 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.29 1.30 1.31 1.31 75 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.31 80 1.26 1.27 1.28 1.29 1.30 1.30 1.31 1.31 Variation in the density of TITAN 2000 emulsion blends with depth for different open cup densities. Densities in bold (highlighted) are at the critical density of the explosive and these open cup densities should not be used for that depth of explosive column. USE OF TABLE 1 1. The left hand column in this table indicates the height of the product column under dry hole conditions. In wet hole conditions the value selected from the left hand column must be the sum of the product column plus the height of the water column in the hole. If the height of the product and water column exceeds the depth of the hole then the value selected from the left hand column must be the hole depth. 2. This table applies for TITAN 2000 emulsion blends with an emulsion content of 60 wt % or greater. For higher density TITAN 3000 and TITAN 5000 emulsion blends, it may be used as a conservative guide. 3. For the Titan 2050 blend, due to the low emulsion content the minimum open cup density should be no lower than 1.20 g/cm3 . 4. Emulsion explosive blends behave as liquids when subjected to the gravitational stress in a vertical blast hole, and a pressure gradient in the explosive will be established. The higher the explosive column in the blast hole, the higher the internal pressure at the bottom of the column, and the larger the quantity of gassing chemicals which need to be added to provide sensitization. 5. The open cup density is a measure of the level of sensitization of the product. The columns of the Table indicate the likely density profile with depth to be found in the explosive column for a certain open cup density. It is necessary to add sufficient quantities of gassing chemicals to ensure that the density of the explosive at the bottom of the blast hole is less than the critical density. 6. To determine the required open cup density for an explosive column of 50m (say), find 50m in the Depth column. Moving to the right, read off the density immediately before the bolded density data begins (here, 1.26g/cm3 in the 1.00 g/cm3 open cup density column). This indicates that sufficient gassing chemicals should be added to the gassed explosive blend during delivery so that an open cup density of 1.00g/cm3 is achieved. This level of gassing chemicals will ensure that the density at the bottom of the column will be below the critical density, and the column will detonate upon initiation. 7. To determine the approximate average in-hole density of the gassed product loaded, locate the Open Cup Density column used and read off the density value for half the depth of the blast hole. For depths that are not listed, use the nearest given value. 8. The gassing reaction takes 30-40 minutes to achieve the desired open cup density at 20C. It is necessary to allow at least this time to elapse between completion of loading and stemming the charged blast hole. A longer period should be allowed at lower temperatures. 9. The density values shown were calculated using a laboratory validated mathematical model. © Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Limited 2012. Reproduction without permission is strictly prohibited.
Page 1 and 2: Explosives Engineers' Guide
Page 3 and 4: The information provided in this br
Page 5 and 6: headline Glossary Airblast Airborne
Page 7 and 8: Rules of thumb These rules provide
Page 9: headline Volume table CUBIC METRES
Page 13 and 14: Properties of typical rock types Ma
Page 15 and 16: Airblast An airblast is an airborne
Page 17 and 18: Underground blast design Shoulder H
Page 19 and 20: Underground blast design Design of
Page 21 and 22: Bulk products How to select the rig
Page 23 and 24: headline Packaged products DYNOSPLI
Page 25 and 26: Packaged products POWERMITE ® PRO
Page 27 and 28: Initiation systems - downhole NONEL
Page 29 and 30: Initiation systems - open-cut NONEL
Page 31 and 32: Initiation systems Cast Boosters TR
Page 33 and 34: Initiation systems SMARTSHOT ® Ele
Page 35 and 36: Blasting accessories DYNOSTART (DS2
Page 37 and 38: Blasting accessories Lo-Stat ANFO H
Page 39 and 40: New Explosives Engineers’ App n 7

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