Anisolpidium saprobium and Rhizidiomyces hirsutus, new records of ...

Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4): 79–83, 2007
Anisolpidium saprobium and Rhizidiomyces hirsutus,
new records of Hyphochytriomycetes
(Hyphochytriales) in Taiwan
Shu-Fen Chen
Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan
(Accepted: December 17, 2007)
ABSTRACT
Anisolpidium saprobium Karling and Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling are species of Hyphochytriales. These are
first time reported from Taiwan.
Keywords: Anisolpidium, Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales), Rhizidiomyces.
Introduction
Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales) is a
group chytrid-like organisms with anteriorly
uniflagellate zoospores and contains only about
23 known species. Fuller (1990) included them
in the class Hyphochytriomycetes, phylum Hyphochytriomycota.
According to Berbee and
Taylor (1999) the Hyphochytriomycota, Labyrinthulomycota
and Oomycota belong to the
Kingdom Stramenopila. Hyphochytriomycota,
consisting of a single order Hyphochytriales
which have been classified into three families,
namely Anisolpidiaceae, Rhizidiomycetaceae
and Hyphochytriaceae on the basis of thallus
structure and development (Karling, 1943,
1967; Fuller, 1990; Alexopoulos et al, 1996).
The purpose of this paper is to describe and illustrate
Anisolpidium saprobium and Rhizidiomyces
hirsutus as two species newly recorded
in Taiwan.
Materiales and Methods
Samples of water and soil were baited with
pine pollen. Emerson’s 1/4YpSs agar (containing
antibiotics) was used to isolate and culture
the organisms (Chen and Chien, 1998). Pure
cultures were maintained in 1/4YpSs slush in
screw-cap tube and transfered each three
months. All pure cultures were deposited at the
mycological laboratory in Chia Nan University
of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
Developmental stages and morphological
characters were examined using the light microscope
and scanning electron microcope
(ABT DS-130S).
Taxonomy
Anisolpidium saprobium Karling, J. of
Mitchell Society, 84: 166–178, 1968. (Fig.1)
On pine pollen: Sporangium holocarpic, en-

80 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007
dobiotic, spherical, 25–32 µm in diam, with a
long discharge tube extending out pollen.
In 1/4YpSs slush: Sporangium spherical,
17.5–30 µm in diam, sometimes with absorbing
tubes. Protoplasm oozing from an exit pore, 5–
10 µm in diam, or exit tube, 25–60 µm in
length, the tube begins to enlarge at its tip as the
protoplasm move into it. Zoospores delimited
within or outside of sporangium. Zoospores
fusiform or elongate, 2.5–4 × 5–7.5 µm, with
anteriorly uniflugellum.
On 1/4YpSs agar: Color of colony white.
Fig. 1. Anisolpidium saprobium. A–E: in 1/4YpSs slush. F & G: on 1/4YpSs agar, scanning electron microscopy. A. Incipient
holocarpic thalli. B. Some sporangium with absorbing tube. C. Three exit tubes enlarge at tip. D. Sporangium with one
exit canal and some absorbing tubes. E. An empty sporangium (left), zoospores delimiting within and outside the other sporangium.
F. Three holocarpic thalli. G. One sporangium with exit tube; and an escaping zoospore (arrow) on nearly sporangium.
Bars = 10 µm for A–E, 2.0 µm for F, and 3.33 µm for G.

Specimen examined. Yulin: farm soil, 22
Jul. 1992, CSF S02a; Tainan: Paiho, pond water,
11 Jul. 1998, CHNA 3801a. Isolated on pine
pollen from soil and water.
Notes. Our isolates include soil-inhabiting
and aquatic strains. Anisolpidium saprobium is
the first known saprophytic species of the ge-
New records of Hyphochytriomycetes in Taiwan 81
nus. However, all other known species are parasited
of algae (Karling, 1943). The place of
zoospores cleavage in this species is varied
markedly (Fig. 1E).
Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling, Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club, 72: 47, 1945. (Fig. 2)
Fig. 2. Rhizidiomyces hirsutus. In 1/4YpSs slush. A. Young thalli with several rhizoids around the sporangium. B. Sporangium
with several rhizoids and hair-like setae. C. Sporangium with a long exit canal. D. Sporangium with one simple rhizoid
and two long hairs. E. Tubular, branched thalli. Bars = 10 µm.

82 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007
In 1/4YpSs slush: Sporangium spherical, 40–
128 µm in diam, one to several short, tubular
rhizoidal main axis arising from the peripheral
of sporangium. On surface of mature sporangium
wall with 2–18 or more hair-like setae, up
to 450 µm in length. Zoospore spherical or
elongate, 3–4 × 6–8 µm, with an anteriorly flagellum.
On 1/4YpSs agar: Color of colony white.
Specimens examined. Tainan: Kwantien,
water-caltrop pond, 14 Jun. 1998, CHNA 3701f.
Yilan: Tung-Shan River, water, 28 Sep. 2000,
CHNA 5001a; Fushan Botanical Garden, stream
water, 29 Sep. 2000, CHNA 5201a. Isolated on
pine pollen from all water samples.
Notes. Monocentric, eucarpic, sporangium is
the characterics of Rhizidiomycetaceae (Karling,
1977). Some thalli develope into elongate,
simple or branched tubular structures. Many
variations of thallus structure occurs in axenic
culture, it is the same as Karling’s described
(1968). Mature sporangial wall with several
elongate hairs-like setae is the main character of
this species (Fig. 2B).
Acknowledgements
This study was partly supported by the Council
of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., grant
number 89-AST-1.5-FOD-05(5-9-2).
References
Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims, and M. Blackwell.
1996. Introductory Mycology, 4th ed.,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Berbee M.L. and J.W. Taylor. 1999. Fungal
pgylogeny. Pp. 21–77. In: Molecular Fungal
Biology. Eds., R.P. Oliver and M. Schweizer.
Cambridge University Press.
Chen, S.F. and C.Y. Chien. 1998. Some chytrids
of Taiwan (II). Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 39: 47–
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Fuller, M.S. 1990. Phylum Hyphochytriomycota.
Pp. 380–287. In: Handbook of Protoctista.
Eds., L. Margulis, J.O. Corliss, M.
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Bartlett, Boston, MA.
Karling, J.S. 1943. The life history of Anisolpidium
ectocarpii gen. nov. et sp. nov., and a
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Amer. J. Bot. 30: 637–648.
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New records of Hyphochytriomycetes in Taiwan 83
臺灣產腐生異壺菌及粗毛根前毛菌二種新紀錄
陳 淑 芬
嘉南藥理科技大學保健營養系,臺南縣仁德鄉二仁路一段 60 號,臺灣
摘 要
本文描述二種具有前生單鞭毛游孢子的絲壺菌,分別是:腐生異壺菌 (Anisolpidium saprobium Karling)
及粗毛根前毛菌 (Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling),均為臺灣新記錄。
關鍵詞:根前毛菌屬、異壺菌屬、絲壺菌綱 (絲壺菌目)。

84 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007