Investigations of macrofungi at Nanjenshan Nature Reserve

Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 21–30, 2001
Investigations of macrofungi at
Nanjenshan Nature Reserve
Yei-Zeng Wang and Wen-Neng Chou
National Museum of Natural Science, 1, Kuan-Chien Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan R.O.C.
(Accepted March 12, 2001)
ABSTRACT
The fungal flora of Nanjehsan Nature Reserve was investigated from August 1996 to July 1999. Totally
1466 specimens were collected and classified into 235 basidiomycetes, 34 ascomycetes, and 7 myxomycetes.
Most specimens were collected during rainy seasons. Among the three experimental plots, the Mountaintop
plot had the most species while the Streambed plot had the fewest. Dicephalospora rufocornea, Xylaria sp.,
Auricularia polytricha, and Microporus affinis are dominant in these plots.
Key Words: fungal flora, saprophytic, symbiosis.
Introduction
Nanjenshan Nature Reserve of Kenting National
Park is located on the Hengchun Peninsula,
southernmost Taiwan and encompasses
an area of more than 2400 ha of forest ranging
from 200 to 500 m in elevation. A series of
ecological research programs has been undertaken
in the Nanjenshan forest under the support
of the National Science Council from August
1995. The diversity and frequency of
macrofungal species in the Nanjenshan forest
were investigated from August 1996 to July
1999. Three experiment plots, Mountaintop
plot, Old-lake plot, and Streambed plot, were
set up in the forest. Fungal specimens were
collected along trails in these plots monthly.
Fruiting bodies were recorded and identified to
species in the laboratory (Breitenbach and
Kranzlin 1984, 1986, 1991, 1995; Imazeki and
Hongo, 1987, 1989). Ecological habitats were
classified as symbiotic with plants, saprophytic
on soil, or saprophytic on plants.
Results
Totally 1466 specimens were collected during
this period. Among them, 235 basidiomycetes,
34 ascomycetes, and 7 myxomycetes
were identified (Tables 1, 2). Most specimens
were collected from May to October during
rainy season, especially in May of 1998, when
160 species were collected (Figs. 1–3). Within
the ascomycetes, species of Xylaria are very
common and can be found all year round, and
Dicephalospora rufocornea is abundant during
the growing season. Among basidiomycetes,
the most common species are Auricularia
polytricha and Microporus affinis; and the major
species belong to the Russulaceae

22 Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 2001
Table 1. Locations and numbers of Ascomycetes and Myxomycetes collected in Nanjenshan from Aug. 1996 to July
1999.
Fungal species
Ascomycetes
Location* Ecological habitats# Numbers
Bulgariella pulla 1 L 1
Ceratosphaeria sp. 3 L 1
Ciboria sp. 3 L 1
Cookeina insititia 3 L 2
Coprobia sp. 1 T 1
Daldinia concentrica 2 L 1
Dicephalospora rufocornea 1, 2, 3 L 15
Galiella javanica 1 L 1
Hypocrea rufa 1,2 L 5
Hypocrea sp. 1, 2, 3 L 3
Hypoxylon truncatum 1, 3 L 2
Hypoxylon sp. 1 L 2
Kretzschmaria scruposa 1, 3 L 4
Lachnum scleroti 1 L 1
Moellerodiscus lentus 1, 3 L 2
Mollisia sp. 2 L 1
Nectria sp. 3 L 1
Orbilia sarraziniana 3 L 1
Perrotia nanjenshana 1,2,3 L 4
Peziza cerea 1 L 1
Peziza moravecii 1 L 1
Phillipsia domingensis 3 L 1
Rhopalostrama luzonensis 1 L 6
Sclerotinia sp. 3 L 1
Scutellinia jungeri 3 L 1
Scutellinia subhirtella 1 T 1
Xylaria allantoidea 1, 2, 3 L 4
Xylaria anisopleura 3 L 2
Xylaria cubensis 2, 3 L 6
Xylaria formosana 1 L 1
Xylaria hippotrichoides 3 L 1
Xylaria kretzchmaria 3 L 1
Xylaria schweinitzii 1 L 1
Xylaria sp.
Myxomycetes
1, 2, 3 L 11
Arcyria cinerea 1 L 1
Arcyria denudata 1 L 1
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa 1 L 1
Lycogala epidendrum 1 L 1
Lycogala exiguum 1 L 2
Physarum stellatum 2 L 1
Stemonitis splendens 1 L 2
*1: Mountaintop plot; 2: Old-lake plot; 3: Streambed plot. #S: Symbiotic with plants; T: Saprophytic on soil; L: Saprophytic
on plants.

Investigations of macrofungi 23
Table 2. Locations and numbers of Basidiomycetes collected in Nanjenshan from Aug. 1996 to July 1999.
Fungal species Location* Ecological habitats# Numbers
Agaricus praeclaresquamosus 1 T 1
Agaricus purpurellus 1, 2 T 5
Agaricus sp. 1, 2, 3 T 6
Amanita gymnopus 2 S 1
Amanita hemibapha 1 S 2
Amanita sychnopyramis 2 S 4
Amanita vaginata 1, 2 S 8
Amanita sp. 1, 2 S 18
Amauroderma rugosum 1, 2 L 6
Auricularia auricula 1 L 1
Auricularia polytricha 1, 2, 3 L 40
Austroboletus fusisporus 1 S 1
Austroboletus sp. 1, 2 S 3
Boletellus ananas 1, 2 S 7
Boletellus emodensis 1 S 2
Boletellus obscurecoccineus 2 S 1
Boletellus sp. 1, 2 S 2
Boletus granulopunctatus 1 S 1
Boletus sp. 1 S 4
Calocera cornea 1, 2 L 2
Calvatia craniiformis 1, 2 T 3
Camarophyllus sp. 1 L 2
Campanella junghuhnii 2, 3 L 7
Cantharellus cibarius 1 S 5
Cantharellus luteocomus 1 S 2
Cantharellus sp. 1, 3 S 2
Chaetocalathus liliputianus 2 L 1
Clavulina cristata 1 T 1
Clavulina sp. 1, 2 T 5
Clavulinopsis corniculata 1 T 1
Clavulinopsis fusiformis 2, 3 T 4
Clavulinopsis laeticolor 1, 3 T 4
Clavulinopsis sp. 3 T 2
Clitocybe sp. 1, 2 L 3
Collybia sp. 1, 3 L 9
Coprinus atramentarius 1 T 1
Coprinus disseminatus 1, 2, 3 L 5
Coprinus ephemeroides 3 L 3
Coprinus plicatilis 1, 2, 3 L, T 8
Coprinus radians 1 L 2
Coprinus rhizophorus 1 L, T 3
Coprinus urticicola 1 L 1
Coprinus sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 16
Cortinarius sp. 1, 2 S 7
Crepidotus mollis 1, 3 L 3
Crepidotus sulphurinus 2 L 1

24 Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 2001
Crepidotus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 14
Cyathus sp. 1 L 2
Cymatoderma dendriticum 3 L 1
Cymatoderma elegans 1, 2, 3 L 13
Cymatoderma sp. 3 T 1
Cyptotrama asprata 1, 2 L 2
Dacrymyces variisporus 1 L 1
Datronia sp. 2 L 1
Dictyopanus gloeocystidiatus 1, 2 L 21
Dictyopanus sp. 3 L 1
Earliella scabrosa 1, 3 L 12
Entoloma bloxamii 1 T 1
Entoloma chamaecyparis 3 L 1
Entoloma nitidum 1 T 1
Entoloma omiensis 1 T 1
Entoloma violaceum 2 T 1
Entoloma sp. 1, 2 T 19
Favolaschia fujisanensis 3 L 1
Filoboletus manipularis 1, 2, 3 L 18
Galerina helvoliceps 1, 3 L, T 9
Galerina sp. 3 L 1
Ganoderma australe 1 L 1
Ganoderma boninense 3 L 1
Ganoderma lucidum 1, 3 L 8
Ganoderma philippii 1 L 1
Ganoderma sp. 1 L 1
Geastrum triplex 1 T 1
Geastrum sp. 1 L, T 2
Gymnopilus aeruginosus 1, 2, 3 L 23
Gymnopilus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 6
Gyrodon lividus 1 S 2
Gyrodon sp. 1 S 1
Hebeloma spoliatum 1 S 1
Hemimycena lactea 2 L 1
Hexagonia apiaria 2 L 2
Hexagonia tenius 1, 2, 3 L 11
Hohenbuehelia reniformis 1, 2 L 3
Hohenbuehelia sp. 1, 3 L 2
Hygroaster sp. 1 T 1
Hygrocybe sp. 1, 2, 3 T 10
Hygrophorus sp. 2, 3 T 4
Hymenochaete sp. 3 L 1
Inocybe calospora 3 T 1
Inocybe praetervisa 3 T 1
Inocybe sp. 3 T 2
Inonotus juniperinus 3 L 1
Inonotus xeranticus 1 L 1
Inonotus sp. 1, 2 L 4
Laccaria vinaceoavellanea 1, 2 T 3

Investigations of macrofungi 25
Laccaria sp. 2, 3 T 2
Lactarius camphoratus 2 S 1
Lactarius corrugis 1, 2 S 3
Lactarius gerardii 1 S 1
Lactarius gracilis 1, 2 S 11
Lactarius pterosporus 1 S 3
Lactarius subplinthogalus 2, 3 S 4
Lactarius torminosus 1 S 2
Lactarius vellereus 2 S 1
Lactarius sp. 1, 2 S 22
Laetiporus sulphureus 1 L 5
Leccinum sp. 1 T 2
Lepiota fusciceps 2 T 1
Lepiota pseudogranulosa 1, 3 T 2
Lepiota sp. 1, 2, 3 T 10
Leucoagaricus rubretinctus 1, 3 T 2
Leucocoprinus cepaestipes 1, 2 T 2
Leucocoprinus fragilissimus 1, 2, 3 T 8
Leucocoprinus sp. 1, 3 T 2
Lycoperdon sp. 1, 2 L, T 5
Lyophyllum sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 7
Marasmiellus candidus 1, 2, 3 L 14
Marasmiellus nigripes 1, 2 L 2
Marasmiellus ramealis 2, 3 L 2
Marasmiellus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 40
Marasmius androsaceus 1, 2, 3 L 8
Marasmius buxi 1, 3 L 3
Marasmius capillipes 1, 2, 3 L 12
Marasmius sp. 1, 2, 3 L 38
Marasmius nigrobrunneus 3 L 1
Marasmius pulcherripes 1, 2, 3 L 9
Marasmius stenophyllus 3 L 1
Megasporoporia setulosa 1 L 1
Microporus affinis 1, 2, 3 L 42
Microporus vernicepes 2, 3 L 4
Microporus sp. 1, 3 L 2
Multiclavula sp. 3 T 1
Mycena capillaris 1, 2, 3 L 4
Mycena rorida 3 L 1
Mycena sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 43
Naematoloma fasciculare 1, 2 L 5
Oligoporus perdelicatus 2 L 1
Oligoporus sp. 2 L 1
Omphalina sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 16
Oudemansiella mucida 1, 2, 3 L 6
Oudemansiella radicata 1 T 1
Oudemansiella sp. 2 L 1
Panaeolus caliginosus 1 T 1
Panaeolus sp. 1 L 1

26 Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 2001
Panellus sp. 1 L 1
Panus fulvus 1, 3 L 12
Panus tigrinus 1, 3 L 4
Panus sp. 1 L 1
Perreniporia nanjenshana 2 L 3
Phaeocollybia sp. 1 T 1
Phellinus discipes 1 L 1
Phellinus lloydii 3 L 1
Phellinus ribis 2 L 1
Phellinus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 10
Phylloporus bellus 1, 2 S 4
Pleurotus ostreatus 3 L 1
Pleurotus salmoneostramineus 1 L 1
Pleurotus sp. 1,2 L, T 6
Pluteus atrofuscus 1 L 1
Pluteus exiguus 1 L 1
Pluteus nanus 3 L 1
Pluteus plautus 3 L 1
Pluteus podospileus 3 L 1
Pluteus sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 19
Polyporus arcularius 1, 2, 3 L 5
Polyporus emerici 1, 3 L 7
Polyporus grammocephalus 1, 3 L 3
Polyporus melanoporus 3 L 1
Polyporus moluccensis 1, 3 L 4
Polyporus mori 3 L 1
Polyporus tenuiculus 3 L 1
Polyporus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 20
Psathyrella candolleana 1, 2, 3 L, T 6
Psathyrella sp. 1, 2, 3 L, T 44
Pseudocolus sp. 2 T 1
Pseudoflavolus cucullatus 1 L 1
Psilocybe sp. 3 L 1
Pulveroboletus ravenelii 1 S 8
Ramaria apiculata 3 S 1
Resupinatus sp. 1, 2, 3 L 3
Rhodocybe fallax 1 T 1
Rigidoporus lineatus 3 L 1
Rigidoporus microporus 1, 3 L 7
Russula alboareolata 1, 2, 3 S 16
Russula amoena 1, 2 S 6
Russula castanopsidis 1, 2 S 4
Russula compacta 1, 2 S 6
Russula cyanoxantha 1, 2 S 6
Russula densifolia 1, 2 S 9
Russula flavida 1 S 1
Russula foetens 2 S 1
Russula japonica 1 S 3
Russula kansaiensis 2 S 2

Investigations of macrofungi 27
Russula laurocerasi 2 S 2
Russula mariae 1, 2 S 6
Russula metachroa 2 S 1
Russula nigricans 1, 2 S 9
Russula pectinatoides 1, 2 S 2
Russula senecis 1, 2 S 11
Russula sororia 1, 2, 3 S 3
Russula subnigricans 2 S 1
Russula vesca 1, 2 S 3
Russula virescens 1, 2 S 9
Russula xerampelina 1 S 1
Russula sp. 1, 2 S 37
Schizophyllum commune 1, 2, 3 L 5
Schizopora paradoxa 1 L 1
Scleroderma sp. 1, 3 S 4
Steccherinum rhois 1 L 2
Stereum ostrea 1 L 7
Stereum spectabile 1, 2, 3 L 13
Stereum sp. 2, 3 L 2
Strobilomyces strobilaceus 1 S 1
Suillus sp. 1, 2 S 4
Termitomyces sp. 1, 3 T 3
Thelephora fuscella 1, 2, 3 S 24
Trametes feei 1 L 8
Trametes sp. 1, 3 L 2
Tremella foliacea 1, 3 L 5
Tremella fuciformis 1 L 2
Tremella sp. 1, 3 L 14
Tylopilus ballouii 1 S 1
Tylopilus ferrugineus 1 S 1
Tylopilus neofelleus 1 S 1
Tylopilus nigropurpureus 1, 2 S 11
Tylopilus sp. 1 S 2
Volvariella sp. 2 T 1
Xanthocomium affine 1 S 2
Xanthoconium sp. 1 S 1
Xerocomus chrysenteron 1, 3 S 3
Xerocomus nigromaculatus 1, 2 S 6
Xerocomus parvulus 1, 2 S 12
Xerocomus subtomentosus 2 S 1
Xerocomus sp. 1 S 3
Xeromphalina sp. 1 L 1
*1: Mountain top plot; 2: Old-lake plot; 3: Streambed plot. #S: Symbiotic with plants; T: Saprophytic on soil; L: Saprophytic
on plants.

28 Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 2001
(Lactarius and Russula) and the Tricholomataceae
(Maras miellus, Marasmius, and
Mycena). Amanita, Boletus, Lactarius, and
Russula are ectomycorrhizal genera symbiotic
with plants of the Fagaceae. Basidiocarps of
Marasmiellus, Marasmius, and Mycena are
tiny and persist on plant substrate. The Mountaintop
plot had the most species, 200 including
53 symbiotic species; the Old-lake plot had
123 with 39 symbiotic species; and the

Streambed plot had the least at 121 including 8
symbiotic species. Two new species, Perrotia
nanjenshana and Perenniporia nanjenshana
were published from these collections (Wang
and Haines, 1999; Chang and Chou, 2000).
Discussion
The fungal flora of Kenting National Park
has been investigated before by Chien and Yeh
(1986) from 1985 to 1986, and about 80 species
were reported.
The northeasterly monsoon winds are particularly
strong and persistent in the Nanjenshan
forest area. The fungal fruiting bodies
gradually cease growing during the monsoon
season from late October to February of the
following year. Dicephalospora rufocornea
and species of Xylaria are very common in the
broadleaf forests of Taiwan (Wang and Wu,
1997; Ju and Rogers, 1999). Microporus affinis
is also dominant in the Fushan forest in
northeastern Taiwan (Chang et al., 2000). The
fungal flora of the Mountainplot is similar to
that of the Old-lake plot. Most ectomycorrhizal
fungal species were collected from these
two plots, because there are more symbiotic
Fagaceae plants distributed in these plots than
at the Streambed plot (Hsieh and Hsieh, 1990).
This result shows that the compositions of
plant and fungal communities in the forest are
closely related.
Acknowledgements
We appreciate Dr. T.T. Chang for identifying
specimens of Polyporaceae and for review-
Investigations of macrofungi 29
ing the manuscript, and Mr. C.C. Wen for collecting
specimens. This project was supported
by grant 87-2621-B-178-001-A07, from the
National Science Council, Taiwan.
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30 Fung. Sci. 16(3, 4), 2001
國立自然科學博物館,臺中市館前路一號
南仁山大型真菌相的調查
王也珍 周文能
摘 要
自 1996 年八月開始至 1999 年七月進行南仁山大型真菌相的調查,期間共採得 1,466 件標本,並
鑑定至 277 種。大部份的標本採自雨季,在三個樣區中,欖仁溪樣區中的種類最多,而溪谷樣區中
的種類最少。常見的種類有紅硬雙頭孢盤菌,炭角菌屬,毛木耳和相鄰小孔菌。
關鍵詞:共生、真菌相、腐生。