PLANT PROTECTION 4

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<strong>PLANT</strong> <strong>PROTECTION</strong> 4 – How to Diagnose Plant Problems 13. What signs and/or symptoms would you look for if the following problems were suspected? Remember some may be inside the plant, or found away from the plant, ie in soil, on packing cases, etc. PROBLEM SIGNS SYMPTOMS Below ground Above ground Below ground Above ground Aphids on roses Fruit fly Scarab grubs in turf Root mealybugs Downy mildew on lettuce Powdery mildew on apple trees Possums Iron deficiency on citrus Woolly aphid Spider mites on French beans Phytophthora root rot Mistletoe Tulip flower breaking Latent viruses in a crop of your choice Damping off Borers in wattles Over-fertilization of container plants Mechanical injury to roots of shrubs Drought damage to trees Choose your own problem and crop 14 Background briefing - Causes of plant problems
Why identify the cause(s) of plant problems? To access information 16 Manage pests, diseases & weeds 17 Legislation 17 IPM & BMP Programs 18 Costs, training, diagnostic tests 19 Review questions & activities 20 Background briefing - Why identify the causes of plant problems? 15
Page 1 and 2: PLANT PROTECTION 4 How to Diagnose
Page 3 and 4: PLANT PROTECTION 4 How to Diagnose
Page 5 and 6: DISCLAIMER This book is a guide onl
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS Copyright ii Disclaimer ii
Page 11 and 12: BACKGROUND BRIEFING Causes of plant
Page 13 and 14: PLANT PROTECTION 4 - How to Diagnos
Page 15 and 16: COMPLEX CAUSES ARE COMMON Christmas
Page 17 and 18: SNAILS & SLUGS Snail damage - cabba
Page 19 and 20: FUNGAL DISEASES Fruiting body of wo
Page 21 and 22: NON- PARASITIC PESTS & DISEASES (co
Page 23: PLANT PROTECTION 4 - How to Diagnos
Page 27 and 28: MANAGE PESTS, DISEASES & WEEDS We i
Page 29 and 30: COSTS AND BENEFITS TRAINING Powder
Page 31 and 32: THE DIAGNOSTIC ROAD MAP STEP 1.
Page 33 and 34: REDUCING THE POSSIBILITIES Diagnosi
Page 35 and 36: COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME OF THE
Page 37 and 38: YOUR DIAGNOSTIC ABILITY You can pr
Page 39 and 40: Step 1. The client’s enquiry The
Page 41 and 42: WHAT IS THE CLIENT WORRIED ABOUT? W
Page 43 and 44: SUMMARY Step 1. The client’s enqu
Page 45 and 46: Step 2. Identify affected plant Wha
Page 47 and 48: DIFFICULTIES WITH HOST IDENTITY WHI
Page 49 and 50: PEST INFORMATION SHEETS The pest si
Page 51 and 52: DIAGNOSIS BASED ON IDENTITY OF AFFE
Page 53 and 54: CASE STUDIES Step 2. Identify affec
Page 55 and 56: Step 3. Examine plant parts for sig
Page 57 and 58: EXAMINE PLANT PARTS We have identif
Page 59 and 60: COMPLEX SIGNS & SYMPTOMS 1. One sym
Page 61 and 62: PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSIS CONFIRM OR RE
Page 63 and 64: Flowers, buds Leaves/shoots Canes C
Page 65 and 66: CASE STUDIES Step 3. Examine plant
Page 67 and 68: REVIEW QUESTIONS & ACTIVITIES Step
Page 69 and 70: Step 4. Visit site, history, questi
Page 71 and 72: THE SITE VISIT AND THE PEST INFORMA
Page 73 and 74: SITE INSPECTION Patterns of signs &
Page 75 and 76:
Soil type, topography & structures
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HISTORY & RECORDS Experienced growe
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Environmental history Know what to
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TO PROVIDE, CONFIRM OR REJECT A DIA
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SUMMARY Step 4. Visit site, history
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7. PEST, DISEASE & WEED HISTORY. C
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Step 5. Consult references Books
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WHAT SHOULD I LOOK FOR? Once you ha
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Keys & expert systems Various keys
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PROVIDE, CONFIRM OR REJECT A DIAGNO
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CASE STUDIES Step 5. Consult refere
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Step 6. Seek expert help How can th
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DIAGNOSTIC SERVICES Diagnostic serv
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List of diagnostic services Home ga
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DIAGNOSTIC ‘TESTS’ In this book
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TAXONOMY ELISA Testing Service DNA
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SEROLOGY, ELISA Immunology Virus pr
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PROVIDE, REJECT OR CONFIRM A DIAGNO
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CASE STUDIES Step 6. Seek expert he
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Step 7. Report the diagnosis Proof
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CLIENT’S ENQUIRY (Step 1) Client
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POOR CLIENT INTERACTION NOT TAKING
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SUMMARY Step 7. Report the diagnosi
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6. HOW DEFINITE AND HOW RELIABLE.
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A DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST Use it to jo
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SITE INSPECTION (contd) Calendar, t
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APPENDIX 1 - COMMUNICATION GUIDE Cl
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APPENDIX 2 - RECORDS Good diagnosti
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CLIENT ENQUIRY (Step 1) Client deta
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APPENDIX 3 - SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Leave
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Leaves, shoots, herbaceous stems An
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS BLOTCHES, BURNS, SC
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS CHLOROSIS, YELLOWIN
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS SOME CAUSES (not ex
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS COLOUR CHANGES Othe
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS DISTORTION see also
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS INSECTS, MITES, IRR
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS SKELETONIZATION STI
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Blights, burns, scorches Buds brown
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS DISTORTED FLOWERS,
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Anthracnose Blotches, scorches Chew
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS FAILURE TO FRUIT, F
Page 159 and 160:
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS ROTS, FUNGI, MOULDS
Page 161 and 162:
Seeds, seedlings, cuttings Some sig
Page 163 and 164:
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS SEEDLINGS, CUTTINGS
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Bark chewed Bark split, peeling, sh
Page 167 and 168:
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS DECLINE, DIEBACK (c
Page 169 and 170:
SIGNS, SYMPTOMS DISTORTIONS, FASCIA
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS HOLES, TUNNELS, INS
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Chewed, mechanical injury ‘Debris
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SIGNS/ & SYMPTOMS INSECTS IN ROOTS
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SIGNS/ & SYMPTOMS REPLANT PROBLEMS
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Bulbs, corms, rhizomes, tubers Bulb
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SIGNS, SYMPTOMS GALLS see also Gall
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Whole plants Some signs & symptoms
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APPENDIX 4 - MONITOR & SAMPLE The b
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WHAT CAN BE MONITORED & SAMPLED? En
Page 189 and 190:
APPENDIX 5 - DIAGNOSTIC TESTS FOR S
Page 191 and 192:
INSECTS & ALLIED ORGANISMS Thrips (
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BACTERIAL DISEASES Bacterial gall o
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APPENDIX 6 - TRAINING & PRACTICE WH
Page 197 and 198:
GENERAL HORTICULTURE Plant identifi
Page 199 and 200:
PRACTISE MAKES PERFECT Practice may
Page 201 and 202:
APPENDIX 7 - EVALUATION Evaluation
Page 203 and 204:
APPENDIX 8 - CONTROL A request for
Page 205 and 206:
General references The diagnostic p
Page 207 and 208:
McAdams, W. R. 2002. Nursery Insect
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Morgan, F.D. 1984. Psylloidea of So
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GLOSSARY AND ACRONYMS .Abiotic. Non
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GMO Genetically modified organism.
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Picture-matching See Image matching
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20 questions 70, 116 A Accreditatio
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Fungal diseases (contd) examples of
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Root bound 166 Root rots see Fungal
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The AuThor’s Aim in this series o
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