Maritime Surveillance and Reco - IQPC.com

MARITIME
S E C U R I T Y
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As on land and the air, command and
control capabilities are via data fusion,
enhancing the effectiveness of hitherto
unconnected sensors © DCNS
Maritime Surveillance
Developments &
Capabilities
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MARITIME
S E C U R I T Y
Infiltration by terrorists from
the sea is a very real threat
put into perspective by the
2008 Mumbai attacks © AJB
and Reconnaissance:
Maritime surveillance is not just about the ability to detect and cue
supersonic anti-ship missiles in a large scale blue water engagement.
Actually, for the vast majority of countries on the planet it is just
the opposite, focusing instead on economic exclusion zone (EEZ)
surveillance,constabulary tasks and counter-terror using systems in the
category of maritime safety and security systems, Vessel Traffic
Service (VTS) systems and Coastal Surveillance Systems. The threats
addressed by maritime safety and security have changed quantitatively
and qualitatively from the challenges posed by illegal fishing, smuggling
and privacy to providing the first line of defence against terrorism
and similar threats. The scale of the challenge is considerable,
in 2008, 60,000 ships carried 70 percent of all intercontinental
cargo traffic and the figure is growing.
bbyy Adam Baddeley
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WHILE Maritime Patrol
Aircraft (MPA) receive
the lion’s share of the
attention in maritime surveillance,
it is land based
sensors that do the lions share of the work
increasingly coupled with command and control
(C2) systems to achieve their effect.
Turnkey solutions
Countries are avidly seeking turnkey solutions
that bring together new and existing
sensors and fuse their feeds within a command
and control networks. France’s
Spationav project, developed by EADS
Sofrelog is the country’s premier maritime
surveillance system integrating sensor feeds
from AIS, airborne and land based sensors
allowing the Gendarmerie and other bodies
to see that information and plan and react
accordingly.
Spationav is undergoing regular
improvements. Obzerv Technologies Inc.
recently won a contract from EADS-Sofrelog
for two ARGC-2400 cameras for use in the
Spationav programme. At 6km, the ARGC-
2400 can detect whether the crew of a fast
moving craft are carrying rifles or not,
allowing a rapid response.
Combinations of sensors are
being used in fixed and mobile
implementations in the coastal
watch role © AJB
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EADS Sofrelog’s maritime security package
are in use in a number of harbours in the
region including Pelabuhan Tanjung
Pelepas, Malaysia; Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Goa,
India and Dalian, China, In other areas they
provide security management systems for
naval facilities at Brest and Toulon and
other classified locations as well as coastal
monitoring capabilities for the Danish military
and a 700km stretch of coastline for the
Finland Maritime Authority.
France is continuing to
work to improve solutions
on its Mediterranean
coast with 30 percent of
the world’s maritime traffic
going through its waters
Sofrelog systems are part of the maritime
surveillance component to the 2007 €240m
Qatari National Security Shield and the
Saudi border surveillance contract covering
the complex environment of the Red Sea
and part of the Arabian Gulf. In June 2010,
EADS Sofrelog and Atlas Maritime Security
announced their intention to form a joint
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venture in this area.
France is continuing to work to improve
solutions on its Mediterranean coast with 30
percent of the world’s maritime traffic going
through its waters. In September, the DGA
signed a contract with DCNS to begin the
€7m SISMARIS programme which provides
a compete information systems and sensors
co-operative and non co-operative tracking
of vessels at day and night and in all weather
conditions at distances of three to four
days out from ports such as Marseille,
roughly from the Straits of Gibraltar to
Western Libya. Information generated will
be shared with partner organisation including
the Centre de Coordination pour la
Lutte Anti-Drogue en Méditerranée,
Gendarmerie Maritime and CROSS MED
(Affaires Maritimes). The SISMARIS programme
includes the installation of a complete
sensor and detection platform with
basic and innovative sensors, high frequency
radar and for long range detection and
integrates of airborne platform. DCNS leads
13 partners in the programme.
Indra Sistemas has recently been awarded
a contract by Portugal for its Sistema
Integrado de Vigilância de Comando e
Controlo (SIVICC) programme in a €25

MARITIME
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award which will replace the Elbit sourced
LAOS system and will be integrated with
Spain’s Sistema Integrado de Vigilância
Exterior (SIVE). Indra was also selected to
provide Romania’s maritime surveillance
systems cover radar, electro–optic sensors
linking via a bespoke communications network
to the C2 hub based on Constanza.
The Transas Baltic company in late 2010
has recently signed a contract with
Lithuania to provide a sea surveillance
information system (SSIS) for traffic tracking
and logging and fisheries surveillance
using sensors along Lithuania coast, which
will use the Transas Navi-Harbor maritime
surveillance and information service.
Selex Sistemi Integrati are currently
upgrading Italy’s Dispositivo
Interministeriale di Sorveglianza Marittima
(DISM). In a roughly two year deal to
improve coastal radar coverage, SSI will
supply seven sites with its remotely operated
Radar di Avvistamento per la Scoperta di
Superficie-Costiero IASR (RASSCI). The
RASSCI is an over the horizon radar, building
on the capabilities of the Selex Galileo
Gabbiano T2000C radar.
Countries in the region are benefiting for
outside funding for maritime security. It
was recently announced that the US is
ELTA's EL/M-2107 is a high resolution advanced
miniature radar for security applications
including harbour security © AJB
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donating 16 coastal and 11 shipboard radar
systems and C2 posts to Indonesia to cover
the Straits of Malacca. The two country plan
to extend the network into the Sulawesi Sea
and covering roughly 2500km with the overall
system centre will be on the island of
Batam. Japan has also provided radar to the
support maritime security in the same project.
The work is funded under US DoD
Section 1206 funding to support the international
counter-terrorism work. Malaysia has
received similar capabilities under the same
programme also using US donated radar. In
2008, FLIR Systems announced an order
from Malaysia for 12 ThermoVision 2000
(THV2000) long-range thermal imaging sensor
systems with a range of up to 20 km for
coastal surveillance.
In July 2008, Vietnam’s Marine Police
ordered Swedish Space Corp’s MSS 6000
maritime surveillance system which will
equip CASA C212-400 aircraft for delivery
in 2011. The aircraft will be equipped with
Side-looking airborne radar, still and video
cameras and other on board sensors in all
weather and day and night and airborne
AIS automatic identification system for
ships linked back to base, using broadband
satcom.
In 2008, Indra were awarded work under
Spain’s Sea Horse network system, a secure
satcom based system linking Spain,
Portugal, Mauritania, Senegal and Cape
Verde, focused on information exchange
between the parties on illegal immigration
and drug trafficking.
Raytheon’s HFSWR (High-Frequency
Surface Wave Radar) is designed to detect
and track ships and low-flying aircraft at
beyond 200 nautical mile and has been used
by DoD’s CTDPO (Counterdrug Technology
Development Program Office) to deliver
low-cost, all-weather detection capabilities
using polarized HF (High-Frequency) electromagnetic
signals which propagate along
the sea’s surface rather than stopping at the
horizon.
Controp’s Thermal Imaging solutions
have been used in a number of coastal surveillance
solutions. In late 2010, Controp
were awarded a contract to supply their Fox
720 Thermal cameras as a coastal surveillance
subcontract to local prime contractor
in support of India’s Coast Guard. Complete
systems built around Fox variants have also
been supplied for similar programmes with
DANIS systems covering Sydney harbour
since 2010. In Italy, five of Controp’s

Radar solutions such as Cassidian’s TRGS can
detect, small fleeting targets at range on land
sea and air © Cassidian
CEDAR systems cover the 9km long Gioia
Tauro harbour in a port security system led
by IBM Italia, with two systems covering the
maritime perimeter, the remainder covering
the land facing external fence. The CEDAR
system was also used during the Athens
Olympics for coastal protection. All the
firm’s cameras use Controp’s pioneering
continuous optical zoom technology, allowing
seamless close in investigation of an
object without the operator losing situational
awareness by being able to zoom in and
out without losing focus.
A key feature of Controp’s surveillance
systems such as CEDAR, DANIS and others
including the SPIDER family is the inclusion
of advanced intruder detection software
matched to a panoramic scanning capability.
Once set up, the camera only needs three
complete sweeps taking less than a minute
for long range system over 180 degrees. In a
coastal environment, the software is able to
distinguish between the normal movement
of waves or sea birds and pick out swimmers
or rigid inflatables and automatically
alert operators to their appearance.
Controp’s latest camera is the Fox 1400,
which equips the SIPDER LR. In recent tests
by Spain’s Guardia Civil, the system was
able to identify a rigid inflatable test subject
at 20km in poor weather at night. The Fox
1400 has a 1.4m focal plane array but this is
‘folded’ using a proprietary method to
reduce the actual length of each camera to
just 40cm.
IAI Elta’s work on coastal surveillance
was prompted by terrorist attacks from the
sea against Israel in the 1970s. In response
the company developed ELM-2112 family of
multi-mission multi-function radars
designed to detect objects with the range
IAI Elta’s work on coastal
surveillance was prompted
by terrorist attacks
from the sea against Israel
in the 1970s
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resolution of approximately 1m and is capable
of ground and sea surveillance and supports
simultaneous processing and in service
with 15 customers including on Israel’s
coast. The latest version is the V15 which
can detect moving targets at up to 30km.
Co-operation and organisation
Organisational efficiency as much as technology
is responsible for ensuring effectiveness
in maritime security. Indonesia and Sri
Lanka have both recently activated national
coast guards. International co-operation is
growing too. In July, the South Korean
National Marine Police Agency and the
Russian Federal Border Service conducted
an anti-piracy exercise in the Sea of Japan.
Jakarta is reported to be considering coordinated
border patrols with Vietnam along
their common maritime borders in the South
China Sea. Indonesia has also undertaken
joint patrols with the Philippine Navy along
their common maritime borders. The India-
Indonesia Co-ordinated Patrol known as
Indido Corpet began on March 5 2010, covering
the seas around the Andaman-Nicobar
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The high volumes of cargo required for
international trade require large tracts of the
oceans to be placed under persistent
surveillance © AJB
archipelago, India and Weh Island,
Indonesia. The Indonesians also continue to
patrol with Thailand, Singapore and
Malaysia in the Malacca Straits Sea Patrol.
India and the Maldives also recently signed
an agreement with to establish a network of
coastal surveillance radars linking them
with the Indian Coastal Command and
allowing Indian naval and coast guard vessels
to patrol Maldivian waters.
The porous nature of India’s maritime
borders was brought home in the Mumbai
attacks in November 2008. In response, rectifying
deficiencies have been brought about
by fast tracking existing but delayed plans
and the introduction of new systems and
platforms. In October 2009, India’s Defence
Minister A.K. Antony announced plans for a
significant increase in the size of the Coast
Guard with the establishment of nine new
stations and 46 coastal radars. In term of
platforms, Antony announced the acquisition
of seven offshore patrol vessels, 20 fast
patrol boats and 41 interceptor craft as well
as additional aircraft. As well as conventional
platform India is also acquiring further
hovercraft signing a deal Griffon
Hoverwork in late 2010, adding 12 8000TD
medium hovercraft, allowing the systems to
marshy, swampy regions on the western
In July, the South Korean
National Marine Police
Agency and the Russian
Federal Border Service
conducted an anti-piracy
exercise in the Sea of Japan
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and eastern coastlines of India. India’s Coast
Guard has also been designated the lead
national agency in co-ordinating the introduction
of an AIS systems with state governments.
Harbours
Harbours provide a location of vulnerability
and necessity for maritime surveillance,
their location providing perhaps the prime
location for terrorist attack. Norwegian firm
Kongsberg in 2008 received a $22.75 million
from Aselsan to prove underwater detection
systems or the Turkish Navy’s Aksaz and
Foça naval bases. Finland’s Navy has
acquired systems for assessment from Patria
and its Sura lightweight surveillance system
and from TietoSaab Systems in the same
timeframe. Kongsberg Meseotech’s DDS
9000 acoustic diver detection system provides
an automated means to detect divers
using network of ten sonar nodes.