Waste Incineration: A Dying Technology - GAIA

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iv Thanks to the over 375 GAIA members and countless communities around the world fighting to end incineration and wasting, and to make Zero Waste a reality. Thanks to the following for assistance in researching and reviewing this report: Manny Calonzo, Marcia Carroll, Pat Costner, Elizabeth Crowe, Von Hernandez, Annie Leonard, Darryl Luscombe, Glenn McRae, Ph.D., Brenda Platt, Claudia Saladin, Bill Sheehan, Beverley Thorpe, and Monica Wilson. Thanks to Joseph Manalo and Gigie Cruz for the layout and design of Dying Technology. Thanks to John Young for editing this report. Thanks to the following individuals for contributing items to this report: Marcia Carroll of the Multinationals Resource Center for the piece Trapped by Debt: Four Examples from the U.S., Charlie Cray for the introduction to the Hazardous and Industrial Waste section and the Clean Production examples, Elizabeth Crowe of the Chemical Weapons Working Group for the pieces on Alternative Technologies for Hazardous Waste Stockpiles and Citizen Participation in Weapons Destruction, States, Ban, Jorge Emmanuel, PhD, for the chart on Medical Waste Incinerators in the United GAIA Co-coordinator Von Hernandez for the piece on the Philippines Incinerator Ralph Ryder of Communities Against Toxics for the piece on Incinerator Ash Re-use: the Example of Byker, Newcastle, UK, and Dr. Ted Schettler of the Science and Environmental Health Network for the piece on Health Effects of Dioxins.
Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 7 Section One: The Problems of Incineration 9 Pollutant Releases 9 Problems of Controlling Air Emissions 19 Ash and Other Residues 23 Expense 26 Employment 30 Energy Loss 31 Sustainability 33 Additional Problems in Southern Nations 35 Lack of Compatibility with Alternatives 37 Recommended Readings for Section 1 38 Section Two: Alternatives to Incineration 39 Municipal Waste 41 Health Care Waste 51 Hazardous and Industrial Waste 56 Recommended Readings for Section 2 63 Section Three: Putting Out the Flames 64 The Rise and Fall of the American Burner 64 Global Resistance 68 International Law 74 The Stockholm Convention and Incineration 77 Recommended Readings for Section 3 79 Conclusions 80 Glossary 82 Appendix A: Air Emissions from Incineration 84 Appendix B: Incinerator Bans and Moratoria 86 References 88 Endnotes 95 Resource Organizations 99 Materials Exchanges 101 v
Page 1 and 2: Waste Incineration: A Dying Technol
Page 3: “In this century of progress, wit
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary Incinerators are
Page 9 and 10: Organics contaminate the recyclable
Page 11 and 12: In Japan, the most incinerator-inte
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Dealing with waste is
Page 15 and 16: Section 1: THE PROBLEMS OF INCINERA
Page 17 and 18: Health Effects of Dioxins The healt
Page 19 and 20: dioxin. In one rat study, a single
Page 21 and 22: “Dioxins have never killed anyone
Page 23 and 24: Other Toxic Metals Incinerators typ
Page 25 and 26: PROBLEMS OF CONTROLLING AIR EMISSIO
Page 27 and 28: “In monitoring for compliance or
Page 29 and 30: At the same time, high furnace temp
Page 31 and 32: Incinerator Ash Re-use: the Example
Page 33 and 34: The most technologically advanced i
Page 35 and 36: plant, pay for plant upgrades, pay
Page 37 and 38: perform an important service by ret
Page 39 and 40: In many cases, incineration also co
Page 41 and 42: The movement that sprang up to comb
Page 43 and 44: Lack of robustness of technology. I
Page 45 and 46: Section 2: ALTERNATIVES TO INCINERA
Page 47 and 48: wastes that result from production
Page 49 and 50: Waste of materials: Landfills remov
Page 51 and 52: The success of this system — for
Page 53 and 54: Waste Composition in Selected Count
Page 55 and 56:
EPR programs are intended to elimin
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Getting to Zero: Steps Towards a Ze
Page 59 and 60:
municipal waste, as long as it is k
Page 61 and 62:
Tackling the Medwaste Monster Altho
Page 63 and 64:
The four principles of Clean Produc
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Waste Not a Drop When Namibian Brew
Page 67 and 68:
Effective hazardous waste treatment
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Non-combustion technologies are sta
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plants dried up, large engineering
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Davidson County, North Carolina is
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Waste Incineration: A Dying Technol
Page 77 and 78:
in the closure of some existing pla
Page 79 and 80:
een effective in preventing the con
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the marine environment are likely t
Page 83 and 84:
The International Joint Commission
Page 85 and 86:
incinerators. As feasible alternati
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For individuals and activists, ther
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geographic term. Cf. Southern. PBTs
Page 91 and 92:
fluorenone dibenzothiophene pentach
Page 93 and 94:
Massachusetts, 1991: state enacted
Page 95 and 96:
Dellinger, B., Taylor, P., Tiery, D
Page 97 and 98:
Huang, H., and Beukens, A., “On t
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Agency, 2000. Seifman, David, “Mi
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ENDNOTES 1. Composting, which recyc
Page 103 and 104:
132. ECOTEC, 2000. 133. Hogg, 2002.
Page 105 and 106:
Resource Organizations: Global Anti
Page 107:
Srishti / Toxics Link H-2 Jungpura
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