The geology of the neighbourhoods of Flint, Mold, and Ruthin ...

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16 CARBONIFEROUS ROOKS, massive limestones, corresponding to the middle limestones of Flintshire (p. 20), and dipping at 10° to 20° to the east-northeast, while the lowest beds appear in a quarry 500 yards northnorth-west of Galchog. The last-named consist of sandy impure limestones with bands of argillaceous limestone of a porcellanous texture, and rest immediately upon the Basement Beds. They resemble the impure Lower limestones of Flintshire. The description of the Trias of the Vale of Clwyd will be found on pp. 116-118.
CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE. 17 CHAPTER IV. CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. EAST OF THE MOEL FAMMAU KANGE. Carboniferous Limestone. The Carboniferous Limestone of this tract can be roughly divided up by lithological characters, which, however, change rapidly in a southerly direction. The lower part of the subdivision consists of dark argillaceous limestones with shales, forming a passage up from the Basement Beds to the purer limestone above, and though distinguishable in a general way from the roek abore, cannot be separated from it by a hard and fast line upon the map. The upper portion of the subdivision consists in the north of the area of black, thin-bedded limestones, locally known as "Aberdo Limestone," but towards the south, of a series of alternating limestones, and calcareous and pebbly sandstones. Subsequently it will be shown that by a corresponding change the Millstone Grit passes from a chert in the north to a thick mass of coarse and pebbly sandstones in the south, and that as the " Aberdo Limestone " forms a passage from limestone into chert in the north, so the calcareous sandstones link on the limestone to the coarser form assumed by the Millstone Grit in the south. The name of " Aberdo Limestone " is locally applied to the rock on account of its possessing, in common with the Liassic limestone of Aberdo (or Aberthaw) in South Wales, the property of forming -hydraulic cement. The name of " Black Limestone," however, will be used in this Memoir, in order to avoid applying the same name to rocks of Carboniferous and Liassic age. The central part of the Carboniferous Limestone consists of massive white limestone which forms most of the highest points in the escarpment, and has yielded much of the lead in the neighbourhood of Mold. The first attempt to divide up the great mass of the Flintshire limestone was made by Mr. Morton, who worked northwards from Denbighshire into that county at the same time that the re-survey was in progress in North Flintshire. In his valuable paper he establishes four principal subdivisions, viz., those given above, and an " upper grey limestone " lying above the middle white limestone.* Though their boundaries are not sufficiently definite to be traced upon the map, yet these subdivisions provide the means of referring fossils or marked rock-bands to their true horizons, and * The Carboniferous Limestone and Cefn-y-Fedw Sandstone of Flintshire, 8vo., Liverpool, 1882. (Reprinted from Proc. Liverpool Geol. Soc, Sess. 1881-2.) U 60799. B
Page 1 and 2: co 'a £? m&m i » .'£ ¥> I VVy^:
Page 3 and 4: Cornell University Library QE 262.F
Page 5 and 6: MEMOIRS OP THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. E
Page 7: MEMOIRS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. =
Page 10 and 11: Vale of Eden. In both these tracts
Page 12 and 13: VI A general geological bibliograph
Page 14 and 15: V1U Page CHAP. XI. SUPERFICIAL DEPO
Page 17 and 18: THE GEOLOGY OP THE NEIGHBOURHOODS O
Page 19 and 20: TABLE OF STBATA. 3 The various rock
Page 21 and 22: . Machno WENLOCK SHALE, 5 the dip r
Page 23 and 24: — VALM OF CLWYD. CHAPTER III. CAR
Page 25 and 26: VALE OF CLWTD. In the description o
Page 27 and 28: VALE OF OLWYD. 11 infiltrated with
Page 29 and 30: VALE OF CLWYD. 13 distance, at the
Page 31: . YALE OF CliWTD.. > 15 to the Toll
Page 35 and 36: CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE. 19 These s
Page 37 and 38: CARBONIFEROUS LTMESTONE. 21 to the
Page 40 and 41: 24 CARBONIlfEBOUS KOCKS. (3.) The B
Page 42 and 43: 26 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. these overl
Page 44 and 45: 28 fJffAi't >-N ~ iffi L, ; - ? .'
Page 46 and 47: 30 CARBONIFEKOtJS ROCKS. the crown
Page 48 and 49: 32 CARBONIFEROUS ROOKS. Alyn, where
Page 50 and 51: 34 CARBOHTFEBOUS EOCKS. Pradwctus.
Page 52 and 53: $6 CAEBONIFEEOTTS ROCKS. The Bwlch-
Page 54 and 55: Fig. 7. Comparative Sections of the
Page 56 and 57: 40 CABBONIFEBOUS ROCKS. i Ki *g Co
Page 58 and 59: -12 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. more find
Page 60 and 61: 44 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. character a
Page 62 and 63: 46 CABBOXIFEBOUS BOCKS. part of the
Page 64 and 65: 48 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. replacement
Page 66 and 67: 50 CABBOKirEKOUS KOCKS. shafts. Sou
Page 68 and 69: — 52 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. The Mil
Page 70 and 71: — 54 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. (2.) Bh
Page 72 and 73: 56 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. It was not
Page 74 and 75: 58 CAKBONIFEKOUS BOCKS. thin brittl
Page 76 and 77: 60 CARBONIFEROUS HOCKS. ness, and n
Page 78 and 79: 62 CARBONIFEROUS ROCK?, CHAPTER VI.
Page 80 and 81: 64 CARBONIFEROUS ROOKS. as Dyffryn
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66 -CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. Rectory, a
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68 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. We now reac
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70 .CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. tp be expl
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72 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. CHAPTER VII
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74 GAjR-BQlUESROUS EOCBB. , . North
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76 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. sections at
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78 CARBONIFEROUS BOCKS. overlying c
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— 80 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. white r
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Feet.
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— 84 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. in thes
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** 6 T3ARBONTFEROU6 ROCK&' The dark
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88 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. At Buckley
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90 CAKBON1FEKOUS EOCKS. Mount Pleas
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CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. called the " N
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94 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. Main Coal a
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96 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. W - ti * .B
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98 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. ecquently w
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100 CABBONIFEROUS KOCKS. CHAPTER VI
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102 CARBONIFEROUS BOCKS. The The gr
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104 CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. Measures.
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106 G&3B0NIFEK0US ROCKS. within a l
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108 "CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. The speci
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110 CAKBOKIF-EKOTJS fiOGKS. A small
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112; CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS. One of th
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THE NEW BED SANDSTONE. CHAPTER IX.
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THE NEW BED SANDSTONE. 115 is scarc
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VALE OF CLWYD. 117 than half the Ca
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SANDS AND FIKECLA.YS IN THE LIMESTO
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SANDS AND FIRECLAYS IN THE LIMESTON
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GLACIAL DRIFT. 127 under the Boulde
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GLACIAL DKIFT. 129 (1.) The Vale of
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GLACIAL DEIFT. 131 (3.) The Upper V
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GLACIAL DRIFT. 133 the gravel, abou
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. GLACIAW DRIFT. 1'35 generally on
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GLACIAL DEIFT. 137 that of the lowe
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— GLACIAL DRIFT. 139 plateau, sti
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GLACIAL DRIFT. 141 Measure sandston
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GLACIAL DEI FT. 143 and containing
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GLACIAL STBLX. 145 Fig. 17. Diagram
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BOULDERS. 147 well-known boulder ma
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K1VEE TERRACES. 149 CHAPTER XII. SU
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ESTUARY OF THE DEE» 15 L Tufa occu
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• ft - ? ESTUABY OF THE DEE. 153
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ESTUART OF THE DEE. J 55 buried und
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ESTUARY OF THE DEE. maintained by t
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Oeotoptrab Survey of£nglastd/ S Wa
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160 METALLIFEROUS MINES. of hills e
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162 METALLIFEROUS MINES. from a var
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164 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. stratum be
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166 LEAD AND ZINC MINES the western
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168 LEAR AXD ZINC MINES. crossed th
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17-0 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. They seem
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172 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. ing wall,
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lT4t LEAD AND ZINC MINES. 1 The —
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— 176 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. The fi
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178 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. The chert
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180 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. direction
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*82 . LEAD AND ZINC MINEri. thereby
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1°4 — LEAD AND ZINC MINES. syste
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186 LEAD AND ZINO MINES. Near the t
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188 LEAD AND ZINC MINES. A second c
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KHYDYMWYN TO GWEKX-Y-MYNYDK? 189 co
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UWJSBN-Y-MYNYDD TO MAES-Y-SAFN. 191
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GWKBN-Y-MYNYDD TO MAES-Y-SAFN. 193
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MAES-Y-8AFN TO NEAR LLANARMON. 195
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MAES-T-SAFN TO KEA.R LLANABMON. 197
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COLLIfcEIES AND liOKEHOLES. 199 APP
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Grey shale Hard stone Grey shale Bl
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Measures Bbassv Coal Measures Coal
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Soil — COLLIERIES AND BOEEHOLE8.
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COLLIE KIES AND BOREHOLES. 207
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z?:?/Z COLLIERIES "AND BOREHOLES. 2
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: rk Measures Bine Goal - Measures
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Measures Hollin Coal Measures Main
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BOKINGS IN THE ESTUABT OF THE DEE.
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— BOEINGS IN THE ESTTJABY OF THE
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BOEINGS IN THE ESTUARY OF THE DEE.
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WELLS NEABC THE WELSH BOEDER. 221:
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ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 223 AwdytU^of the
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ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 225 Chwarel Pen-y
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— CARBONIFEROUS. 227 TABLE II. Ca
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cabbojtifebouss, 211 3 2g . £g ED
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_^— CARBONIFEROUS. 231
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Aberdine, 36, 41, 192. " Aberdo" li
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Chwarel-las Veins, 177. Chwarel Pen
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Greenfield, Drift at, 140; tides at
Page 264 and 265:
. ; Morton, Mr. 6. H., on the limes
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River Dee Company, 156. River Terra
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Missing Page
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The geology of the neighbourhoods of Flint, Mold, and Ruthin ...

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