Life-Cycle-Assessment for Stoves and Ovens - ESU-services Ltd.

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Goal and Scope Definition ter?“. But until now there is no standardized measurement for a comparison of the energy use due to the use of various cook stoves. The functional unit should be useful heat expressed in TJ as a value that gives the amount of heat energy efficient for the cooking process. This value should consider the efficiency differences between various types of cookstoves. Further details can be found in chapters 2.2.2. and 2.2.3. The only difference between the outcome for the two functional units is the inclusion of the efficiency. Thus the results for energy throughput to the stove divided through the efficiency gives the result for useful heat. 1.4 Investigated Alternatives The aim of the study is to show the environmental impacts of cooking alternatives as they exist in Switzerland today. Most of the inventory data are from 1996. The following commonly used alternatives for the preparation of meals are investigated in this study: • Gas stove and oven using natural gas or liquefied gas • Electric range and oven • Microwave oven • Wood stove To see the impact of an electricity production structured in a different way, cooking with electricity is also investigated for the situation in Germany. Further on data for cooking with kerosene and wood mainly based on prior investigations are elaborated for: • Kerosene stove • 3-stone-fire (Cooking on an open wood fire) - 2 -
2 Inventory Analysis Most of the data for the upstream processes, necessary for the supply of energy or fuels for cooking where available for the situation in Switzerland from the „Ökoinventare von Energiesystemen“ (Frischknecht et al. 1996). Some information is based on a diploma thesis, investigating various cooking alternatives in India (Jungbluth 1995). New information for the situation in Switzerland, where available, is included in the inventory. The computation of the data is done with ECOINVENT. It was developed within the work for the „Ökoinventare von Energiesystemen“ (Frischknecht et al. 1996). ECOINVENT is a relational database. The computation is executed on a UNIX-computer using the tool MAT- LAB. The linkage between the various processes investigated in the LCA is executed as shown in Tab. 4. The table can be read as follows. For the production of 1 kg product from process 1 about 0.2 TJ from process 2 are necessary. This is linked with a direct release of 0.5 kg of the impact 1 (e.g. an air emission). The output table is computed by an inversion of the input matrix. It is structured similarly and contains the cumulated figures for all processes involved. Tab. 4 Structure of the input data for ECOINVENT Process 1 Process 2 Unit kg TJ Process 1 kg 0 0.1 Process 2 TJ 0.2 0.01 Impact 1 kg 0.5 2 Fig. 2 shows the advance for the investigation for the example „Cooking with Liquefied Petroleum Gas“. All upstream processes, e.g. extraction of crude oil and production in the refinery are already included in the ECOINVENT-database. The background data of this lifecycle-inventory-analysis are considered during the calculation. The investigation of foreground data starts with the distribution of the types of energy used for cooking. Next stage in the life cycle is the combustion in the stove termed here as „Fluessiggas in Fluessiggasherd“. An input for this process is the infrastructure necessary, namely the stove that has to be produced and brought to the user. The last module investigated is „Nutzwaerme ab Gasherd“. This stage is necessary to consider the efficiency of the stove used. The following chapters show the inventory data in units which are useful for understanding 7 . All data of the LCI elaborated in this chapter are included in Tab. 21 in annex 6.4.2. This table gives the data in units used for the calculation. An overview about new modules implemented in ECOINVENT is given in Annex 6.4.1. The results of the life-cycle-inventoryanalysis for all environmental impacts investigated are given in Annex 6.5, Tab. 24. 7 The transport distance is given for example in km and not in tkm/TJ because the latter figure does not give much practical insight. - 3 -
Page 1 and 2: Umweltnatur- und Umweltsozialwissen
Page 3 and 4: Ausführliche Deutsche Zusammenfass
Page 5 and 6: Zusammenfassung genutzt werden kann
Page 7 and 8: Contents 6.1 The Eco-indicator 95:
Page 9 and 10: Dictionary Some of the Tables and F
Page 11: 1 Goal and Scope Definition 1.1 Int
Page 15 and 16: Inventory Analysis The distribution
Page 17 and 18: Inventory Analysis certain situatio
Page 19 and 20: Inventory Analysis situation the fi
Page 21 and 22: Inventory Analysis Elektrolux needs
Page 23 and 24: Inventory Analysis It is necessary
Page 25 and 26: Inventory Analysis normally not use
Page 27 and 28: Impact Assessment cause also ecotox
Page 29 and 30: Impact Assessment chapter 2.2.2 24
Page 31 and 32: Impact Assessment The release of he
Page 33 and 34: Impact Assessment around to high co
Page 35 and 36: Impact Assessment stoves burning fu
Page 37 and 38: Literature Schmidt et al. 1996a Sch
Page 39 and 40: Fig. 10 The coffee machine process
Page 41 and 42: Fig. 14 After weighting the column
Page 43 and 44: 8. SimaPro 3.1, Database software p
Page 45 and 46: Annex Treibhauseffekt Ozonabba Vers
Page 47 and 48: Annex Tab. 17 Eco-indicator 95+ for
Page 49 and 50: 6.4 Input of data to ECOINVENT 6.4.
Page 51 and 52: 6.5 Environmental Profile for the M

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